1
世祖孝武皇帝諱駿，字休龍，小字道民，文帝第三子也。 元嘉七年秋八月庚午生。 十二年，立為武陵王，食邑二千戶。 十六年，都督湘州諸軍事、征虜將軍、湘州刺史，領石頭戍事。 十七年，遷使持節、都督南豫豫司雍并五州諸軍事、南豫州刺史，將軍如故，猶戍石頭。 二十一年，加督秦州，進號撫軍將軍。 明年，徙都督雍梁南北秦四州荊州之襄陽竟陵南陽順陽新野隨六郡諸軍事、[1]寧蠻校尉、雍州刺史，持節、將軍如故。 自晉氏江左以來，襄陽未有皇子重鎮，時太祖欲經略關、河，故有此授。 尋給鼓吹一部。
Emperor Xiao Wu, temple name Shizu, was named Jun; his style name was Xiulong and his childhood name Daomin. He was Emperor Wen's third son. He was born on gengwu day in the eighth month of autumn in the seventh year of Yuanjia. In the twelfth year he was made Prince of Wuling, with a fief of two thousand households. In the sixteenth year he was appointed to supervise all military affairs in Xiangzhou, as General Who Pacifies the Barbarians and Inspector of Xiangzhou, and took charge of the Stone City garrison. In the seventeenth year he was made Bearer of the Staff of Authority and supervisor of military affairs in Southern Yu, Yu, Si, Yong, and Bing, with the post of Inspector of Southern Yu; he kept his former rank as general and continued to garrison Stone City. In the twenty-first year he was given additional supervision of Qinzhou and promoted to General Who Pacifies the Army. The following year he was reassigned to oversee military affairs in Yong, Liang, Northern Qin, and Southern Qin and in six Jingzhou commanderies—Xiangyang, Jingling, Nanyang, Shunyang, Xinye, and Sui—as Colonel Who Pacifies the Barbarians and Inspector of Yong, retaining the Staff of Authority and his rank as general. Since the Jin had moved the court south of the Yangzi, no imperial prince had been stationed in so important a post at Xiangyang; the founding emperor now wished to recover the northwest, and so made this appointment. He was soon granted a full complement of martial music.
2
二十五年，改授都督南兗徐兗青冀幽六州豫州之梁郡諸軍事、安北將軍、徐州刺史，持節如故，北鎮彭城。 尋領兗州刺史。 始興王濬為南兗州，上解督南兗。 二十七年，坐汝陽戰敗，降號鎮軍將軍。 又以索虜南侵，降為北中郎將。 二十八年，進督南兗州、南兗州刺史，當鎮山陽。 尋遷都督江州荊州之江夏豫州之西陽晉熙新蔡四郡諸軍事、南中郎將、江州刺史，持節如故。 時緣江蠻為寇，太祖遣太子步兵校尉沈慶之等伐之，使上總統眾軍。
In the twenty-fifth year he was made supervisor of military affairs in Southern Yan, Xu, Yan, Qing, Ji, You, and the Liang commandery of Yu, as General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Xuzhou; he kept the Staff of Authority and moved north to garrison Pengcheng. He soon took on the additional post of Inspector of Yanzhou. When Prince Shixing Jun was made Inspector of Southern Yan, he gave up supervision of that province. In the twenty-seventh year, after the defeat at Ruyang, he was demoted to General Who Guards the Army. When the Rong enemy pushed south, he was demoted again to General of the North. In the twenty-eighth year he was given additional supervision of Southern Yan and made its inspector, with his headquarters at Shanyang. He was soon reassigned to oversee military affairs in Jiangzhou, Jiangxia in Jingzhou, and four Yu commanderies—Xiyang, Jinxi, Xincai, and Xiyang—as General of the South and Inspector of Jiangzhou, retaining the Staff of Authority. At that time the river tribes were raiding along the Yangzi; the founding emperor sent the Crown Prince's Colonel of Footsoldiers Shen Qingzhi and others against them and put him in overall command.
3
三十年正月，上出次西陽之五洲。 會元凶弒逆，以上為征南將軍，加散騎常侍。 上率眾入討，荊州刺史南譙王義宣、雍州刺史臧質並舉義兵。 四月辛酉，上次溧洲。 癸亥，冠軍將軍柳元景前鋒至新亭，修建營壘。 甲子，賊劭親率眾攻元景，大敗退走。 丙寅，上次江寧。 丁卯，大將軍江夏王義恭來奔，奉表上尊號。 戊辰，上至于新亭。
In the first month of the thirtieth year he marched out and encamped at Wuzhou in Xiyang. When the crown prince turned regicide, he was made General Who Pacifies the South and Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. He led his troops in to suppress the rebellion; the Inspector of Jingzhou, Prince of Nanqiao Yixuan, and the Inspector of Yongzhou Zang Zhi both raised armies in the cause. On xinyou in the fourth month he reached Lizhou. On guihai the vanguard under Champion General Liu Yuanda reached Xinting and built fortified camps. On jiazi the rebel Shao led his army against Yuanda in person and was routed. On bingyin he advanced to Jiangning. On dingmao the Grand General, Prince of Jiangxia Yigong, came over to his side and submitted a memorial urging him to take the throne. On wuchen he reached Xinting.
4
己巳，即皇帝位。 大赦天下，文武賜爵一等，從軍者二等。 贓汙清議，悉皆盪除。 高年、鰥寡、孤幼、六疾不能自存，人賜穀五斛。 逋租宿債勿復收。 長徒之身，優量降宥。 崇改太祖號諡。 以大將軍江夏王義恭為太尉、錄尚書六條事、南徐州刺史。 庚午，以荊州刺史南譙王義宣為中書監、丞相、錄尚書六條事、揚州刺史，安東將軍隨王誕為衞將軍、開府儀同三司、荊州刺史，雍州刺史臧質為車騎將軍、開府儀同三司、江州刺史，征虜將軍沈慶之為領軍將軍，撫軍將軍、兗冀二州刺史蕭思話為尚書左僕射。 壬申，以征虜將軍王僧達為尚書右僕射。 改新亭為中興亭。
On jisi he took the imperial throne. He proclaimed a general amnesty; civil and military officials each received one step in rank, and those who had served in the campaign received two. Charges of corruption and censorious judgments were all cleared away. Those who were elderly, widowed, orphaned, young, or afflicted with the six infirmities and could not support themselves each received five hu of grain. Overdue rents and old debts were forgiven. Sentences of long-term penal service were commuted under a generous measure of clemency. He elevated and revised the founding emperor's posthumous title and temple name. The Grand General, Prince of Jiangxia Yigong, was made Grand Marshal, given charge of the Six Articles of the Secretariat, and appointed Inspector of Southern Xu. On gengwu the Inspector of Jingzhou, Prince of Nanqiao Yixuan, was made Director of the Secretariat, Chancellor, and director of the Six Articles, with the post of Inspector of Yangzhou; General Who Pacifies the East Prince Suixing Dan was made General of the Guard with credentials equal to an open office and Inspector of Jingzhou; Inspector of Yongzhou Zang Zhi was made General of the Chariots and Cavalry with open-office credentials and Inspector of Jiangzhou; General Who Pacifies the Barbarians Shen Qingzhi was made General of the Palace Garrison; and General Who Pacifies the Army Xiao Sihua, Inspector of Yan and Ji, was made Left Vice Director of the Secretariat. On renshen General Who Pacifies the Barbarians Wang Sengda was made Right Vice Director of the Secretariat. Xinting was renamed Zhongxing Pavilion.
5
五月甲戌，輔國將軍申坦克京城。 乙亥，輔國將軍朱脩之克東府。 丙子，克定京邑。 [2]劭及始興王濬諸同逆並伏誅。 庚辰，詔曰︰「天步艱難，國道用否，雖基構永固，而氣數時愆。 朕以眇身，奄承皇業，奉尋曆命，鑒寐震懷。 萬邦風政，人治之本，感念陵替，若疚在心。 可分遣大使巡省方俗。」 是日解嚴。 辛巳，車駕幸東府城。 甲申，尊所生路淑媛為皇太后。 乙酉，立妃王氏為皇后。 戊子，以左衞將軍柳元景為雍州刺史。 壬辰，以太尉江夏王義恭為太傅，領大司馬。 甲午，曲赦京邑二百里內，并蠲今年租稅。 戊戌，以撫軍將軍南平王鑠為司空，建平王宏為尚書左僕射，東海王褘為撫軍將軍，新除尚書左僕射蕭思話遷職。
On jiaxu in the fifth month General Who Assists the State Shen Tank took the capital. On yihai General Who Assists the State Zhu Xiuzhi took the Eastern Palace. On bingzi the capital was secured. Shao, Prince Shixing Jun, and all their fellow conspirators were put to death. On gengchen an edict declared: Heaven's course is arduous and the state's way now falters; though the foundation stands firm, fortune's span at times goes awry. I, slight in person, have suddenly inherited the imperial enterprise; holding the mandate of succession in awe, I tremble waking and sleeping. The customs and governance of the realm are the root of human order; when I think how they have fallen into ruin, the pain is like sickness in my heart. Let great envoys be sent out to tour the provinces and inspect local customs. That day the emergency regulations were lifted. On xinsi the imperial carriage visited the Eastern Palace quarter. On jiashen his birth mother, Lady Lu Shuyuan, was honored as Empress Dowager. On yiyou Consort Wang was installed as empress. On wuzi General of the Left Guard Liu Yuanda was made Inspector of Yongzhou. On renchen Grand Marshal Prince of Jiangxia Yigong was made Grand Tutor while retaining the post of Grand Marshal. On jiawu a partial amnesty was proclaimed within two hundred li of the capital, and this year's rents and taxes were remitted. On wuxu General Who Pacifies the Army Prince of Nanping Shuo was made Minister of Works; Prince of Jianping Hong was made Left Vice Director of the Secretariat; Prince of Donghai Hui was made General Who Pacifies the Army; and the newly appointed Left Vice Director Xiao Sihua was reassigned.
6
六月壬寅，以驃騎參軍垣護之為冀州刺史。 甲辰，以山陽太守申恬為青州刺史。 丙午，車駕還宮。 初置殿門及上閤屯兵。 以江夏內史朱脩之為平西將軍、雍州刺史，御史中丞王曇生為廣州刺史。 戊申，以新除雍州刺史柳元景為護軍將軍。 己酉，以司州刺史魯爽為豫州刺史。 [3]庚戌，以梁、南秦二州刺史劉秀之為益州刺史，太尉司馬龐秀之為梁、南秦二州刺史，衞軍司馬徐遺寶為兗州刺史，寧朔將軍王玄謨為徐州刺史，衞將軍隨王誕進號驃騎大將軍。 尚書右僕射王僧達遷職，丹陽尹褚湛之為尚書右僕射。 丙辰，以侍中南譙王世子恢為湘州刺史。 丁巳，[4]詔曰︰「興王立訓，務弘治節，輔臣佐時，勤獻政要，仰惟聖規，每存茲道。 猥以眇躬，屬承景業，闡揚遺澤，無廢厥心。 夫量入為出，邦有恒典，而經給之宜，多違常度。 兵役糜耗，府藏散減，外內眾供，未加損約，非所以聿遵先旨，敬奉遺圖。 自今諸可薄己厚民、去煩從簡者，悉宜施行，以稱朕意。」 庚申，詔有司論功班賞各有差。 辛酉，安西將軍、西秦河二州刺史吐谷渾拾寅進號鎮西大將軍、開府儀同三司。 庚午，還分南徐立南兗州。 辛未，改封南譙王義宣為南郡王，隨王誕為竟陵王，義宣次子宜陽侯愷為宜陽縣王。
On renyin in the sixth month Rapid Cavalry Staff Officer Yuan Huzhi was made Inspector of Ji. On jiachen the Administrator of Shanyang Shen Tian was made Inspector of Qing. On bingwu the imperial carriage returned to the palace. For the first time garrison troops were posted at the palace gates and upper pavilions. The Interior Administrator of Jiangxia Zhu Xiuzhi was made General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Yongzhou; Imperial Censor Wang Tansheng was made Inspector of Guang. On wushen the newly appointed Inspector of Yongzhou Liu Yuanda was made General Who Protects the Army. On jiyou Inspector of Si Lu Shuang was made Inspector of Yu. On gengxu Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin Liu Xiuzhi was made Inspector of Yi; Grand Marshal's Staff Officer Pang Xiuzhi was made Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin; General of the Guard's Staff Officer Xu Yibao was made Inspector of Yan; General Who Pacifies the North Wang Xuanmo was made Inspector of Xu; and General of the Guard Prince Suixing Dan was promoted to General of the Rapid Cavalry. Right Vice Director Wang Sengda was reassigned; Administrator of Danyang Chu Zhi was made Right Vice Director of the Secretariat. On bingchen the heir of Prince of Nanqiao, Attendant-in-ordinary, was made Inspector of Xiang. On dingsi an edict declared: In founding a state and setting up instruction, governing norms must be broadly enacted; ministers assisting the throne must diligently present the essentials of government—in reverence for the sage's design, this path must always be kept in view. I, slight in person, have suddenly inherited the glorious enterprise; to extend and exalt the legacy bequeathed to me, I dare not slacken in heart. Matching income to expenditure is the state's constant rule, yet administrative needs too often depart from the regular standard. Military service drains resources and the treasury dwindles; expenses within and without have not yet been cut—this is not how to follow the former mandate and keep the legacy design. Henceforth whatever may ease burdens on the people, remove excess, and favor simplicity should be enacted, to accord with my intent. On gengshen an edict ordered the relevant offices to assess merit and distribute rewards in due gradation. On xinyou General Who Pacifies the West Tuyuhun Shibin, Inspector of Western Qin and the Yellow River, was promoted to General Who Guards the West with credentials equal to an open office. On gengwu Southern Yan was again split from Southern Xu and established as a separate province. On xinwei Prince of Nanqiao Yixuan was enfeoffed as Prince of Nanjun; Prince Suixing Dan as Prince of Jingling; and Yixuan's second son, Marquis of Yiyang Kai, as Prince of Yiyang.
7
閏月壬申，以領軍將軍沈慶之為鎮軍將軍、南兗州刺史。 癸酉，以護軍將軍柳元景為領軍將軍。 丙子，遣兼散騎常侍樂詢等十五人巡行風俗。 甲申，蠲尋陽、西陽郡租布三年。 甲午，丞相南郡王義宣改為荊、湘二州刺史，驃騎大將軍、荊州刺史竟陵王誕改為揚州刺史，南蠻校尉王僧達為護軍將軍。 是月，置衞尉官。
In the intercalary month, on renshen, General of the Palace Garrison Shen Qingzhi was made General Who Guards the Army and Inspector of Southern Yan. On guiyou General Who Protects the Army Liu Yuanda was made General of the Palace Garrison. On bingzi fifteen envoys including Acting Regular Attendant Yue Xun were dispatched to tour the provinces and inspect local customs. On jiashen rents and cloth levies in Xunyang and Xiyang were remitted for three years. On jiawu Chancellor Prince of Nanjun Yixuan was reassigned as Inspector of Jing and Xiang; General of the Rapid Cavalry Prince of Jingling Dan as Inspector of Yang; and Colonel of the Southern Man Wang Sengda as General Who Protects the Army. That month the office of Commandant of the Guard was established.
8
秋七月辛丑朔，日有蝕之。 甲寅，詔曰︰「世道未夷，惟憂在國。 夫使羣善畢舉，固非一才所議，況以寡德，屬衰薄之期，夙宵寅想，永懷待旦。 王公卿士，凡有嘉謀善政，可以維風訓俗，咸達乃誠，無或依隱。」 辛酉，詔曰：「百姓勞弊，傜賦尚繁，言念未乂，宜崇約損。 凡用非軍國，宜悉停功。 可省細作并尚方，雕文靡巧，金銀塗飾，事不關實，嚴為之禁。 供御服膳，減除遊侈。 水陸捕採，各順時月。 官私交市，務令優衷。 其江海田池公家規固者，詳所開弛。 貴戚競利，悉皆禁絕。」 戊戌，[5]以右衞將軍宗慤為廣州刺史。 己巳，司空南平王鑠薨。 八月辛未，武皇帝舊役軍身，嘗在齋內，人身猶存者，普賜解戶。 乙亥，尚書左僕射建平王宏加中書監、中軍將軍。 丁亥，以沛郡太守垣閎為寧州刺史，撫軍司馬費沈為梁、南秦二州刺史。 甲午，護軍將軍王僧達遷職。
On the first day of the seventh month, xinchou, there was a solar eclipse. On jiayin an edict declared: The age is not yet at peace; my sole worry is for the state. To gather every good counsel is not work for a single talent; how much more, with my slight virtue in a time of decline, do I rise at dawn and lie down late, ever awaiting the morning light. Princes, dukes, and ministers: whoever has counsel or policy that may uphold customs and train the people, let it reach me in full sincerity, with nothing held back. On xinyou an edict declared: The people are worn with hardship and levies remain heavy; since order is not yet restored, frugality and reduction must be honored. Whatever does not serve army and state should cease at once. Fine workshops and the Imperial Workshop should be cut back; carved ornament, extravagant craft, and gilding of gold and silver—things without real use—are strictly forbidden. Imperial meals and apparel should be simplified and wandering excess cut away. Hunting and gathering on land and water should each follow its proper season. Trade between government and private parties should be kept fair. State-controlled rivers, seas, fields, and ponds should be reviewed in detail for what may be opened or relaxed. Competition for profit among the nobility and imperial kin is forbidden altogether. On wuxu General of the Right Guard Zong Que was made Inspector of Guang. On jisi Minister of Works Prince of Nanping Shuo died. On xinwei in the eighth month, among Emperor Wu's old military households who had once served in the inner quarters and still survived, release from household registers was granted broadly. On yihai Left Vice Director Prince of Jianping Hong was given the additional posts of Director of the Secretariat and General of the Central Army. On dinghai Administrator of Pei Yuan Hong was made Inspector of Ning; Staff Officer of the General Who Pacifies the Army Fei Shen was made Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin. On jiawu General Who Protects the Army Wang Sengda was reassigned.
9
九月丁巳，以前尚書劉義綦為中護軍。 壬戌，新亭戰亡者，復同京城。 劭黨南海太守蕭簡據廣州反。 丁卯，輔國將軍鄧琬討平之。
On dingsi in the ninth month former Minister of the Secretariat Liu Yiji was made General of the Palace Guard. On renxu the dead of the Xinting battle received the same benefits as those of the capital. Shao's partisan, Administrator of Nanhai Xiao Jian, held Guangzhou in rebellion. On dingmao General Who Assists the State Deng Wan suppressed and pacified him.
10
冬十月癸未，車駕於閱武堂聽訟。
In the tenth month of winter, on guiwei, the emperor heard cases at the Review of Arms Hall.
11
十一月丙午，以左軍將軍魯秀為司州刺史。 丙辰，停臺省眾官朔望問訊。 丙寅，高麗國遣使獻方物。
In the eleventh month, on bingwu, General of the Left Army Lu Xiu was made Inspector of Si. On bingchen the new- and full-moon audience visits of Secretariat and provincial officials were suspended. On bingyin Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
12
十二月甲戌，省都水臺，罷都水使者官，置水衡令官。 癸未，以將置東宮，省太子率更令、步兵、翊軍校尉、旅賁中郎將、宂從僕射、左右積弩將軍官。 中庶子、中舍人、庶子、舍人、洗馬，各減舊員之半。
On jiaxu in the twelfth month the Directorate of Waterways was cut back, the Commissioner of Waterways was abolished, and the Director of Water Balance was appointed. On guiwei, as the Eastern Palace was being set up, the Director of the Crown Prince's Household and the offices of Colonel of Footsoldiers, Colonel of the Assist Army, Colonel of the Garrison Cavalry, Regular of the Palace Retinue, and Generals of the Left and Right Strong Crossbows were abolished. Household Attendants, Household Gentlemen, Crown Prince's Sons, Gentlemen, and Grooms each had their staffs cut by half.
13
孝建元年春正月己亥朔，車駕親祠南郊，改元，大赦天下。 壬寅，以丹陽尹蕭思話為安北將軍、徐州刺史。 甲辰，護軍將軍劉義綦遷職，以尚書令何尚之為左光祿大夫、護軍將軍。 戊申，詔曰：「首食尚農，經邦本務，貢士察行，寧朝當道。 內難甫康，政訓未洽，衣食有仍耗之弊，選造無觀國之美。 昔衞文勤民，高宗恭默，卒能收賢巖穴，大殷季年。 朕每側席疚懷，無忘鑒寐。 凡諸守莅親民之官，可詳申舊條，勤盡地利。 [6]力田善蓄者，在所具以名聞。 褒甄之科，精為其格。 四方秀孝，非才勿舉，獻答允值，即就銓擢。 若止無可採，猶賜除署； 若有不堪酬奉，虛竊榮薦，遣還田里，加以禁錮。 尚書百官之元本，庶績之樞機，丞郎列曹，局司有在。 而頃事無巨細，悉歸令僕，非所以眾材成構，羣能濟業者也。 可更明體制，咸責厥成，糾覈勤惰，嚴施賞罰。」 壬戌，更鑄四銖錢。 丙寅，立皇子子業為皇太子。 賜天下為父後者爵一級。 孝子、順孫、義夫、節婦粟帛各有差。 是月，起正光殿。
On the first day of the first month of Xiaojian, jihai, the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb in person, changed the era name, and proclaimed a general amnesty. On renyin Administrator of Danyang Xiao Sihua was made General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Xu. On jiachen General Who Protects the Army Liu Yiji was reassigned; Minister of the Secretariat He Shangzhi was made Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and General Who Protects the Army. On wushen an edict declared: Food comes first and agriculture is the root of government; presenting scholars and examining conduct should guide the court. Domestic troubles are barely settled and instruction is not yet unified; food and clothing still waste away, and in appointments there is no regard for service to the state. Of old Duke Wen of Wei toiled for the people and Emperor Gaozong kept reverent silence, and in the end gathered worthies from the hills and greatly prospered in their late years. I constantly sit with unease in my heart, never forgetting this waking or sleeping. All local officials charged with caring for the people should report in detail under the old regulations and make full use of the land's yield. Those who farm diligently and store grain well should be reported by name from each district. Standards for rewards and commendation should be set with precision. Outstanding filial sons from the four directions should not be recommended without talent; if their answers are satisfactory, they should be promoted at once. If nothing worth selecting is found, they should still be granted appointment; but if any cannot meet their charge and vainly seize honor through recommendation, send them back to their villages under prohibition. The Secretariat is the root of the hundred officials and the pivot of all achievement; assistants, gentlemen, and the various bureaus each have their duties. Yet lately matters great and small all go to the Directors and Vice Directors—not how many talents build the structure and many abilities accomplish the work. The system should be clarified anew; each should be charged with his task, diligence and sloth investigated, and rewards and punishments strictly applied. On renxu the four-zhu coin was recast. On bingyin the imperial son Ziye was installed as crown prince. Throughout the empire, heirs as sons to their fathers each received one rank of nobility. Filial sons, obedient grandsons, righteous husbands, and chaste wives received grain and silk in graded amounts. That month work began on the Hall of Correct Radiance.
14
二月庚午，豫州刺史魯爽、車騎將軍江州刺史臧質、丞相荊州刺史南郡王義宣、兗州刺史徐遺寶舉兵反。 乙亥，撫軍將軍東海王褘遷職。 己卯，領軍將軍柳元景加撫軍將軍。 壬午，曲赦豫州。 辛卯，左衞將軍王玄謨為豫州刺史。 癸巳，玄謨進據梁山。 丙申，以安北司馬夏侯祖歡為兗州刺史。
On gengwu in the second month Inspector of Yu Lu Shuang, General of the Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Jiang Zang Zhi, Chancellor and Inspector of Jing Prince of Nanjun Yixuan, and Inspector of Yan Xu Yibao all rebelled. On yihai General Who Pacifies the Army Prince of Donghai Hui was reassigned. On jimao General of the Palace Garrison Liu Yuanda was also made General Who Pacifies the Army. On renwu a partial amnesty was proclaimed in Yu Province. On xinmao General of the Left Guard Wang Xuanmo was made Inspector of Yu. On guisi Xuanmo advanced and occupied Liangshan. On bingshen Staff Officer of the General Who Pacifies the North Xiahou Zuhuan was made Inspector of Yan.
15
三月癸亥，[7]內外戒嚴。 辛丑，以安北將軍、徐州刺史蕭思話為安南將軍、江州刺史，撫軍將軍柳元景即本號為雍州刺史。 癸卯，以太子左衞率龐秀之為徐州刺史。 徐遺寶為夏侯祖歡所破，棄眾走。 丙寅，以輔國長史明胤為冀州刺史。
In the third month, on guihai, emergency regulations were imposed throughout the realm. On xinchou General Who Pacifies the North Xiao Sihua was made General Who Pacifies the South and Inspector of Jiang; General Who Pacifies the Army Liu Yuanda kept his title and was made Inspector of Yong. On guimao Commander of the Crown Prince's Left Guard Pang Xiuzhi was made Inspector of Xu. Xu Yibao was broken by Xiahou Zuhuan, abandoned his troops, and fled. On bingyin Senior Staff Officer Ming Yin was made Inspector of Ji.
16
五月甲寅，義宣等攻梁山，王玄謨大破之。 己未，解嚴。 癸亥，以吳興太守劉延孫為尚書右僕射。
On jiayin in the fifth month Yixuan and the others attacked Liangshan and Wang Xuanmo routed them. On jiwei the emergency regulations were lifted. On guihai Administrator of Wuxing Liu Yan sun was made Right Vice Director of the Secretariat.
17
六月戊辰，臧質走至武昌，為人所斬，傳首京師。 甲戌，撫軍將軍柳元景進號撫軍大將軍，鎮北大將軍沈慶之並開府儀同三司。 丙子，以征西將軍武昌王渾為雍州刺史。 癸未，分揚州立東揚州。 分荊、湘、江、豫州立郢州。 罷南蠻校尉。 戊子，省錄尚書事。 庚寅，義宣於江陵賜死。
On wuchen in the sixth month Zang Zhi fled to Wuchang, was killed there, and his head was sent to the capital. On jiaxu General Who Pacifies the Army Liu Yuanda was promoted to Grand General Who Pacifies the Army, and General Who Pacifies the North Shen Qingzhi received credentials equal to an open office. On bingzi General Who Pacifies the West Prince of Wuchang Hun was made Inspector of Yong. On guiwei Eastern Yang was split from Yang and made a province. From Jing, Xiang, Jiang, and Yu the province of Ying was established. The office of Colonel of the Southern Man was abolished. On wuzi the post of Director of the Six Articles of the Secretariat was abolished. On gengyin Yixuan was ordered to take his own life at Jiangling.
18
秋七月丙申朔，日有蝕之。 丙辰，大赦天下。 文武賜爵一級。 逋租宿債勿復收。 辛酉，於雍州立建昌郡。 以會稽太守義陽王昶為東揚州刺史。
On the first day of the seventh month, bingshen, there was a solar eclipse. On bingchen a general amnesty was proclaimed. Civil and military officials each received one rank of nobility. Overdue rents and old debts were forgiven. On xinyou the commandery of Jianchang was established in Yong Province. Administrator of Kuaiji Prince of Yiyang Chang was made Inspector of Eastern Yang.
19
八月庚午，撫軍大將軍柳元景復為領軍將軍，本號如故。 壬申，以游擊將軍垣護之為徐州刺史。 壬辰，以安西司馬梁坦為梁、南秦二州刺史。
On gengwu in the eighth month Grand General Who Pacifies the Army Liu Yuanda again became General of the Palace Garrison, retaining his former title. On renshen Colonel of the Garrison Cavalry Yuan Huzhi was made Inspector of Xu. On renchen Staff Officer of the General Who Pacifies the West Liang Tan was made Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin.
20
九月丙申，以強弩將軍尹懷順為寧州刺史。 丁酉，左光祿大夫何尚之解護軍將軍。 甲辰，加尚之特進。 丙午，以安南將軍、江州刺史蕭思話為鎮西將軍、郢州刺史。
In the ninth month, on bingshen, General of Strong Crossbows Yin Huaishun was made Inspector of Ning. On dingyou Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness He Shangzhi gave up the post of General Who Protects the Army. On jiachen Shangzhi was given special advancement. On bingwu General Who Pacifies the South Xiao Sihua was made General Who Guards the West and Inspector of Ying.
21
冬十月戊寅，詔曰：「仲尼體天降德，維周興漢，經緯三極，冠冕百王。 爰自前代，咸加褒述。 典司失人，用闕宗祀。 先朝遠存遺範，有詔繕立，世故妨道，事未克就。 國難頻深，忠勇奮厲，實憑聖義，大教所敦。 永惟兼懷，無忘待旦。 可開建廟制，同諸侯之禮。 詳擇爽塏，厚給祭秩。」 丁亥，以祕書監東海王褘為撫軍將軍、江州刺史。 於郢州立安陸郡。
In the tenth month of winter, on wuyin, an edict declared: Confucius embodied Heaven-sent virtue, sustained Zhou and raised Han, threaded the three poles, and crowned the hundred kings. From former times onward all have added praise and exposition. The responsible offices lacked the right men, and ancestral sacrifice was neglected. The former court long preserved the legacy and ordered the temple rebuilt, but worldly troubles blocked the way and the work could not be finished. State troubles deepened again and again, yet loyal courage flared up, truly relying on the sage's teaching that the great doctrine enfolds. Ever holding both in mind, I do not forget to await the dawn. Temples may be established under the rites due to feudal lords. Choose the site with care and grant generous sacrificial stipends. On dinghai Director of the Secretariat Prince of Donghai Hui was made General Who Pacifies the Army and Inspector of Jiang. The commandery of Anlu was established in Ying Province.
22
十一月癸卯，復立都水臺，置都水使者官。
In the eleventh month, on guimao, the Directorate of Waterways was restored and the Commissioner of Waterways reappointed.
23
是歲，始課南徐州僑民租。
That year rents were first levied on migrant households in Southern Xu.
24
二年正月壬寅，以冠軍將軍湘東王彧為中護軍。
In the first month of the second year, on renyin, Champion General Prince of Xiangdong Yu was made General of the Palace Guard.
25
二月己丑，[8]婆皇國遣使獻方物。 丙寅，以鎮北大將軍、南兗州刺史沈慶之為左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司。 辛巳，以尚書右僕射劉延孫為南兗州刺史。
On jichou in the second month the state of Pohuang sent envoys with tribute. On bingyin General Who Pacifies the North Shen Qingzhi was made Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with credentials equal to an open office. On xinsi Right Vice Director Liu Yan sun was made Inspector of Southern Yan.
26
三月辛亥，以吳興太守劉遵考為湘州刺史。 壬子，以行征西將軍楊文智為征西將軍、北秦州刺史。
In the third month, on xinhai, Administrator of Wuxing Liu Zunkao was made Inspector of Xiang. On renzi Acting General Who Pacifies the West Yang Wenzhi was made General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Northern Qin.
27
夏四月壬申，河南國遣使獻方物。 壬午，以豫章太守檀和之為豫州刺史。
In the fourth month of summer, on renshen, the state of Henan sent envoys with tribute. On renwu Administrator of Yuzhang Tan Hezhi was made Inspector of Yu.
28
五月戊戌，以湘州刺史劉遵考為尚書右僕射，前軍司馬垣閎為交州刺史。 庚子，以輔國將軍申坦為徐、兗二州刺史。 癸卯，以右衞將軍顧覬之為湘州刺史。 丁未，以金紫光祿大夫王偃為右光祿大夫。
On wuxu in the fifth month Inspector of Xiang Liu Zunkao was made Right Vice Director; the Vanguard's Senior Staff Officer Yuan Hong was made Inspector of Jiao. On gengzi General Who Assists the State Shen Tan was made Inspector of Xu and Yan. On guimao General of the Right Guard Gu Xianzhi was made Inspector of Xiang. On dingwei Grand Master of the Golden Bell and Purple Radiance Wang Yan was made Right Grand Master of Splendid Happiness.
29
六月甲子，以國哀除釋，大赦天下。 庚辰，以曲江縣侯王玄謨為豫州刺史。
On jiazi in the sixth month, because of state mourning the prohibition was lifted and a general amnesty proclaimed. On gengchen Marquis of Qujiang Wang Xuanmo was made Inspector of Yu.
30
秋七月癸巳，立第十三皇弟休祐為山陽王，第十四皇弟休茂為海陵王，第十五皇弟休業為鄱陽王。 戊戌，鎮西將軍蕭思話卒。 己酉，以益州刺史劉秀之為郢州刺史。 槃槃國遣使獻方物。 甲寅，以義興太守到元度為益州刺史。
On guisi in the seventh month the thirteenth younger brother You was enfeoffed as Prince of Shanyang, the fourteenth Xiumao as Prince of Hailing, and the fifteenth Xiye as Prince of Poyang. On wuxu General Who Guards the West Xiao Sihua died. On jiyou Inspector of Yi Liu Xiuzhi was made Inspector of Ying. The state of Panpan sent envoys with tribute. On jiayin Administrator of Yixing Dao Yuandu was made Inspector of Yi.
31
八月庚申，雍州刺史武昌王渾有罪，廢為庶人，自殺。 辛酉，以南兗州刺史劉延孫為鎮軍將軍、雍州刺史。 斤陀利國遣使獻方物。 三吳民饑，癸酉，詔所在賑貸。 丙子，詔曰：「諸苑禁制綿遠，有妨肄業。 [9]可詳所開弛，假與貧民。」 壬午，以新除豫州刺史王玄謨為青、冀二州刺史，青州刺史申恬為豫州刺史。 甲申，以右衞將軍檀和之為南兗州刺史。
On gengshen in the eighth month Inspector of Yong Prince of Wuchang Hun was found guilty, deposed to commoner status, and killed himself. On xinyou Inspector of Southern Yan Liu Yan sun was made General Who Guards the Army and Inspector of Yong. The state of Jintuoli sent envoys with tribute. The people of the three Wu suffered famine; on guiyou an edict ordered relief and loans in the affected districts. On bingzi an edict declared: The prohibitions of the various parks extend too far and hinder cultivation. [9] Let the lands opened up be surveyed in detail and loaned to the poor. 」On renwu the newly dismissed Inspector of Yu Wang Xuanmo was made Inspector of Qing and Ji, and Inspector of Qing Shen Tian was made Inspector of Yu. On jiashen General of the Right Guard Tan Hezhi was made Inspector of Southern Yan.
32
九月丁亥，[10]車駕於宣武場閱武。 庚戌，詔曰：「國道再屯，艱虞畢集。 朕雖寡德，終膺鴻慶。 惟新之祉，實深百王； 而惠宥之令，未殊常渥。 永言勤慮，寤寐載懷。 在朕受命之前，凡以罪徙放，悉聽還本。 犯釁之門，尚有存者，子弟可隨才署吏。」
In the ninth month, on dinghai, [10] the emperor reviewed troops at the Xuanwu Field. On gengxu an edict declared: The realm has twice been beset; hardships and anxieties have all gathered. Though my virtue is slight, I have at last received great felicity. The blessings of renewal truly surpass those of the hundred kings; yet the edicts of grace and pardon have not exceeded the usual bounty. Ever mindful in my deliberations, I carry this concern waking and sleeping. Before I received the Mandate, all who had been exiled for crimes are permitted to return home. Among families that incurred guilt, where any still survive, their sons and younger brothers may be appointed to office according to their talents.」
33
冬十月壬午，太傅江夏王義恭領揚州刺史，驃騎大將軍、揚州刺史竟陵王誕為司空、南徐州刺史，中書監、尚書左僕射、中軍將軍建平王宏為尚書令，將軍如故。
On renwu in the tenth month of winter, Grand Tutor Prince of Jiangxia Yigong took charge of Yangzhou; Rapid Tiger General-in-Chief and Inspector of Yang Prince of Jingling Dan was made Minister of Works and Inspector of Southern Xu; Supervisor of the Secretariat, Minister of the Left, and General of the Center Prince of Jianping Hong was made Director of the Imperial Secretariat, retaining his rank as general.
34
十一月戊子，中護軍湘東王彧遷職，鎮軍將軍劉延孫為護軍將軍。 青、冀二州刺史王玄謨為雍州刺史。 甲午，以大司馬垣護之為青、冀二州刺史。 [11]辛亥，高麗國遣使獻方物。
On wuzi in the eleventh month, Colonel of the Central Guard Prince of Xiangdong Yu was transferred; General Who Guards the Army Liu Yansun was made Colonel of the Guard. Inspector of Qing and Ji Wang Xuanmo was made Inspector of Yong. On jiawu Grand Marshal Yuan Huzhi was made Inspector of Qing and Ji. [11] On xinhai the state of Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
35
十二月癸亥，以前交州刺史蕭景憲為交州刺史。
On guihai in the twelfth month, the former Inspector of Jiao Xiao Jingxian was made Inspector of Jiao.
36
三年春正月庚寅，立第十八皇弟休範為順陽王，第十九皇弟休若為巴陵王。 戊戌，立第二皇子子尚為西陽王。 辛丑，車駕親祠南郊。 壬子，立皇太子妃何氏。 甲寅，大赦天下。
On gengyin in the first month of the third year, the eighteenth younger brother Xiufan was enfeoffed as Prince of Shunyang and the nineteenth Xiuruo as Prince of Baling. On wuxu the second imperial son Zishang was enfeoffed as Prince of Xiyang. On xinchou the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb in person. On renzi the consort of the Crown Prince, of the He clan, was installed. On jiayin a general amnesty was proclaimed.
37
二月癸亥，右光祿大夫王偃卒。 甲子，以廣州刺史宗慤為平西將軍、豫州刺史。 丁卯，以新除御史中丞王翼為廣州刺史。 [12]丁丑，始制朔望臨西堂接羣下，受奏事。 壬午，內外官有田在近道，聽遣所給吏僮附業。
On guihai in the second month, Right Grand Master of Splendid Happiness Wang Yan died. On jiazi Inspector of Guang Zong Que was made General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Yu. On dingmao the newly appointed Supervisor of the Censorate Wang Yi was made Inspector of Guang. [12] On dingchou it was first ordained that on the first and fifteenth of each month the emperor should attend the Western Hall to receive officials and hear memorials. On renwu, officials within and without who held fields near the capital were permitted to send their allotted clerks and servants to work those holdings.
38
三月癸丑，以西陽王子尚為南兗州刺史。
On guichou in the third month, Prince of Xiyang Zishang was made Inspector of Southern Yan.
39
閏月戊午，尚書右僕射劉遵考遷職。 癸酉，鄱陽王休業薨。 庚辰，停元嘉三十年以前兵工考剔。
On wuwu in the intercalary month, Minister of the Right Liu Zunkao was transferred. On guiyou Prince of Poyang Xiye died. On gengchen the examination and culling of armorer households before the thirtieth year of Yuanjia was suspended.
40
夏五月辛酉，制荊、徐、兗、豫、雍、青、冀七州統內，家有馬一匹者，蠲復一丁。 壬戌，以右衞將軍劉瑀為益州刺史。
On xinyou in the fifth month of summer, within Jing, Xu, Yan, Yu, Yong, Qing, and Ji, any household possessing one horse was granted exemption for one corvée laborer. On renxu General of the Right Guard Liu Yu was made Inspector of Yi.
41
六月，上於華林園聽訟。
In the sixth month the emperor heard cases at the Hualin Garden.
42
秋七月，太傅江夏王義恭解揚州。 丙子，以南兗州刺史西陽王子尚為揚州刺史，祕書監建安王休仁為南兗州刺史。
In the seventh month of autumn, Grand Tutor Prince of Jiangxia Yigong relinquished Yangzhou. On bingzi Inspector of Southern Yan Prince of Xiyang Zishang was made Inspector of Yang, and Supervisor of the Secretariat Prince of Jian'an Xiuren was made Inspector of Southern Yan.
43
八月戊戌，以北中郎諮議參軍費淹為交州刺史。 [13]丁未，以尚書吏部郎王琨為廣州刺史。 [14]
On wuxu in the eighth month, Consultation Officer of the North Central Commandery Fei Yan was made Inspector of Jiao. [13] On dingwei Gentleman of the Ministry of Personnel Wang Kun was made Inspector of Guang. [14] Editorial note fourteen stands in the received text at this point in the narrative.
44
九月壬戌，以丹陽尹劉遵考為尚書右僕射。 [15]
On renxu in the ninth month, Administrator of Danyang Liu Zunkao was made Minister of the Right. [15] Editorial note fifteen stands in the received text at this point in the narrative.
45
冬十月癸未，以尋陽太守張悅為益州刺史。 丙午，太傅江夏王義恭進位太宰，領司徒。 丁未，領軍將軍柳元景加驃騎將軍，尚書令建平王宏加中書監、衞將軍，撫軍將軍、江州刺史東海王褘進號平南將軍。
On guiwei in the tenth month of winter, Administrator of Xunyang Zhang Yue was made Inspector of Yi. On bingwu Grand Tutor Prince of Jiangxia Yigong was advanced to Grand Preceptor and took charge of the Ministry of Rites. On dingwei Colonel of the Garrison Liu Yuanjing was given the additional title Rapid Tiger General-in-Chief; Director of the Imperial Secretariat Prince of Jianping Hong was given the additional posts of Supervisor of the Secretariat and General of the Guard; General Who Pacifies the Army and Inspector of Jiang Prince of Donghai Yi was advanced to General Who Pacifies the South.
46
十一月癸丑，淮南太守袁景有罪棄市。
On guichou in the eleventh month, Administrator of Huainan Yuan Jing, having committed a crime, was executed in the marketplace.
47
十二月丙午，以侍中孔靈符為郢州刺史。
On bingwu in the twelfth month, Palace Attendant Kong Lingfu was made Inspector of Ying.
48
大明元年春正月辛亥朔，改元，大赦天下。 賜高年孤疾粟帛各有差。 庚午，護軍將軍劉延孫遷職，右衞將軍湘東王彧為中護軍。 京邑雨水，辛未，遣使檢行，賜以樵米。
On the first day of the first month of Daming, xinhai, the era name was changed and a general amnesty proclaimed. The elderly, orphans, and sick were each given grain and cloth in differing amounts. On gengwu Colonel of the Guard Liu Yansun was transferred; General of the Right Guard Prince of Xiangdong Yu was made Colonel of the Central Guard. Rain fell in the capital region; on xinwei envoys were sent to inspect the damage and firewood and grain were bestowed.
49
二月己亥，復親民職公田。 索虜寇兗州。
On jihai the public fields of officials who personally governed the people were restored. The Rong enemy raided Yan province.
50
三月壬戌，制大臣加班劍者，不得入宮城門。 梁州獠求內屬，立懷漢郡。
On renxu in the third month, it was ordained that great ministers granted the ceremonial sword at court might not enter the inner gates of the palace. The Liao of Liangzhou sought to submit and be incorporated; the Commandery Who Cherishes the Han was established.
51
夏四月，京邑疾疫，丙申，遣使按行，賜給醫藥。 死而無收斂者，官為斂埋。 庚子，省湘州宋建郡并臨賀。
In the fourth month of summer plague struck the capital; on bingshen envoys were sent to inspect the districts and medicine was bestowed. Those who died with no one to bury them were gathered and buried by the government. On gengzi the Songjian Commandery of Xiang province was abolished and merged into Linhe.
52
五月，吳興、義興大水，民饑。 乙卯，遣使開倉賑卹。 癸酉，於華林園聽訟。 乙亥，以左衞將軍沈曇慶為徐州刺史，輔國將軍梁瑾葱為河州刺史、宕昌王。
In the fifth month, Wu Xing and Yixing suffered great floods and the people went hungry. On yimao envoys were sent to open the granaries and provide relief. On guiyou the emperor heard cases at the Hualin Garden. On yihai General of the Left Guard Shen Tanqing was made Inspector of Xu; Assisting State General Liang Jincong was made Inspector of He and Prince of Dangchang.
53
六月己卯，以前太子步兵校尉劉祗子歆繼南豐王朗。 辛巳，以長水校尉山陽王休祐為東揚州刺史。 丁亥，休祐改為湘州刺史。 以丹陽尹顏竣為東揚州刺史。
On jimao in the sixth month, the former Colonel of Footsoldiers of the Crown Prince Liu Zhizi Xin succeeded as Prince of Nanfeng Lang. On xinsi Colonel of the Long River Prince of Shanyang Xiuyou was made Inspector of Eastern Yang. On dinghai Xiuyou was changed to Inspector of Xiang. Administrator of Danyang Yan Jun was made Inspector of Eastern Yang.
54
秋七月辛未，土斷雍州諸僑郡縣。
On xinwei in the seventh month of autumn, the emigrant commanderies and counties of Yong province were subjected to land registration in their actual districts.
55
八月戊戌，於兗州立陽平郡。 壬寅，於華林園聽訟。 甲辰，司空、南徐州刺史竟陵王誕改為南兗州刺史，太子詹事劉延孫為鎮軍將軍、南徐州刺史。
On wuxu in the eighth month, the Yangping Commandery was established in Yan. On renyin the emperor heard cases at the Hualin Garden. On jiachen Minister of Works and Inspector of Southern Xu Prince of Jingling Dan was changed to Inspector of Southern Yan; Steward of the Heir Apparent Liu Yansun was made General Who Guards the Army and Inspector of Southern Xu.
56
冬十月丙申，詔曰：「旒纊之道，有孚於結繩，日昃之勤，已切於姬后。 況世弊教淺，歲月澆季。 朕雖勠力宇內，未明求衣，而識狹前王，務廣昔代，永言菲德，其愧良深。 朝咨野怨，自達者寡，惠民利公，所昧實眾。 自今百辟庶尹，下民賤隸，有懷誠抱志，擁鬱衡閭，失理負謗，未聞朝聽者，皆聽躬自申奏，小大以聞。 朕因聽政之日，親對覽焉。」 甲辰，以百濟王餘慶為鎮東大將軍。
On bingshen in the tenth month of winter, an edict declared: The way of the royal cap and fringe tassels had sincerity even in the age of knotted cords; the diligence of working until sunset already touched the consort of Ji. How much more when the age is decadent and teaching shallow, and the years are a season of erosion! Though I exert my strength within the realm, I have not yet made clear my seeking of garments; yet my understanding is narrower than that of former kings, and my tasks broader than those of past ages—ever speaking of meager virtue, the shame is truly deep. In court I consult, in the countryside I heed resentment—those who reach me are few; to benefit the people and serve the public—what I do not understand is indeed many. From now on, among the hundred offices and myriad functionaries, down to the humble and base, all who harbor sincere intent, who are pent up at their gate and lane, who have lost reason and bear slander yet have not been heard at court—let them all present petitions in person, great and small alike to be reported. On the days when I hear government affairs, I shall personally examine them.」 」On jiachen the king of Baekje Yu Qing was made General Who Guards the East.
57
十二月丁亥，順陽王休範改封桂陽王。 戊戌，於華林園聽訟。
On dinghai in the twelfth month, Prince of Shunyang Xiufan was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Guiyang. On wuxu the emperor heard cases at the Hualin Garden.
58
二年春正月辛亥，車駕祀南郊。 壬子，詔曰：「去歲東土多經水災。 春務已及，宜加優課。 糧種所須，以時貸給。」 丙辰，復郡縣田秩，并九親祿俸。 壬戌，詔曰：「先帝靈命初興，龍飛西楚，歲紀浸遠，感往纏心。 奉迎文武，情深常隸，思弘殊澤，以申永懷。 吏身可賜爵一級，軍戶免為平民。」
On xinhai in the first month of the second year, the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb. On renzi an edict declared: Last year the eastern regions suffered many floods. Spring tasks have already arrived; favorable levies should be increased. Whatever seed grain is needed shall be loaned in season.」 On bingchen the field salaries of commanderies and counties were restored, together with the stipends of the nine degrees of kin. On renxu an edict declared: When the late emperor first received the Mandate, he rose like a dragon in western Chu; the years have gradually grown distant, and remembrance of the past binds the heart. Those civil and military officials who welcomed him—the depth of feeling is that of long service; I wish to extend a special grace to declare everlasting regard. Clerical personnel may be granted one rank of nobility; military households may be freed to become civilians.」
59
二月丙子，詔曰：「政道未著，俗弊尚深，豪侈兼并，貧弱困窘，存闕衣裳，沒無斂槥，朕甚傷之。 其明敕守宰，勤加存卹。 賻贈之科，速為條品。」 乙酉，以金紫光祿大夫褚湛之為尚書左僕射。 丙戌，中書監、尚書令、衞將軍建平王宏以本號開府儀同三司，中書監如故。 丁酉，驃騎將軍柳元景以本號開府儀同三司。 甲辰，散騎常侍義陽王昶為中軍將軍。
On bingzi an edict declared: The way of government is not yet manifest; vulgar abuses still run deep; the extravagant merge holdings and the poor and weak are trapped in hardship; the living lack clothes and the dead lack coffins—I am deeply grieved by this. Let this be clearly commanded to the prefects and magistrates to be diligent in preservation and relief. The regulations for funeral gifts—quickly make them into graded articles.」 On yiyou Grand Master of the Golden Bell and Purple Radiance Chu Zhanzhi was made Minister of the Left. On bingxu Supervisor of the Secretariat, Director of the Imperial Secretariat, and General of the Guard Prince of Jianping Hong was given the ceremonial establishment of the Three Excellencies with his present title, retaining the Supervisor of the Secretariat. On dingyou Rapid Tiger General-in-Chief Liu Yuanjing was given the ceremonial establishment of the Three Excellencies with his present title. On jiachen Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry Prince of Yiyang Chang was made General of the Center.
60
三月丁未，中書監、尚書令、衞將軍建平王宏薨。 乙卯，以田農要月，太官停殺牛。 丁卯，上於華林園聽訟。 癸酉，以寧朔將軍劉季之為司州刺史。
On dingwei in the third month, Supervisor of the Secretariat, Director of the Imperial Secretariat, and General of the Guard Prince of Jianping Hong died. On yimao, because it was the critical month for agriculture, the Imperial Butcher suspended the slaughter of cattle. On dingmao the emperor heard cases at the Hualin Garden. On guiyou General Who Pacifies the North Liu Jizhi was made Inspector of Si.
61
夏四月甲申，立皇子子綏為安陸王。 甲午，以海陵王休茂為雍州刺史。 辛丑，地震。
On jiashen in the fourth month of summer, the imperial son Zisui was enfeoffed as Prince of Anlu. On jiawu Prince of Hailing Xiumao was made Inspector of Yong. On xinchou there was an earthquake.
62
五月戊申，復西陽郡。
In the fifth month, on wushen, the commandery of Xiyang was restored.
63
六月戊寅，增置吏部尚書一人，省五兵尚書。 丁亥，左光祿大夫何尚之加開府儀同三司。 戊子，以金紫光祿大夫羊玄保為右光祿大夫。 丙申，詔曰：「往因師旅，多有逋亡。 或連山染逆，懼致軍憲； 或辭役憚勞，苟免刑罰。 雖約法從簡，務思弘宥，恩令驟下，而逃伏猶多。 豈習愚為性，忸惡難反； 將在所長吏，宣導乖方。 可普加寬申，咸與更始。」
In the sixth month, on wuyin, one additional Master of the Ministry of Personnel was appointed and the Master of the Five Arms was abolished. On dinghai Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness He Shangzhi received credentials equal to an open office with the Three Excellencies. On wuzi Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with the Golden Seal Yang Xuanbao was made Right Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. On bingshen an edict declared: In the past, because of military campaigns, many fled and went into hiding. Some, dwelling in remote hills, had been touched by rebellion and feared military punishment; some shirked corvée and dreaded toil, seeking only to escape punishment. Though the law was kept simple and broad mercy was intended, grace edicts followed one after another, yet fugitives remained numerous. Was it that stupidity had become their nature and shame at evil made return difficult; or was it that local chiefs had guided and proclaimed the policy awry. Let grace be extended broadly and all be granted a new beginning.」
64
秋七月甲辰，彭城民高闍等謀反伏誅。 癸亥，以右衞將軍顏師伯為青、冀二州刺史。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiachen, Gao Ge of Pengcheng and others plotted rebellion and were executed. On guihai General of the Right Guard Yan Shibo was made Inspector of Qing and Ji.
65
八月乙酉，河南王遣使獻方物。 丙戌，中書令王僧達有罪，下獄死。 己丑，以強弩將軍杜叔文為寧州刺史，交州刺史費淹為廣州刺史，南海太守垣閬為交州刺史。 甲午，以寧朔將軍沈僧榮為兗州刺史。
In the eighth month, on yiyou, the King of Henan sent envoys with tribute. On bingxu Director of the Secretariat Wang Sengda, having committed a crime, was imprisoned and died. On jichou General of Powerful Crossbows Du Shuwen was made Inspector of Ning; Inspector of Jiao Fei Yan was made Inspector of Guang; Administrator of Nanhai Yuan Lang was made Inspector of Jiao. On jiawu General Who Pacifies the North Shen Sengrong was made Inspector of Yan.
66
九月癸卯，於華林園聽訟。 壬戌，以寧朔將軍劉道隆為徐州刺史。 襄陽大水，遣使巡行賑贍。 庚午，置武衞將軍、武騎常侍官。
In the ninth month, on guimao, the emperor heard cases at the Hualin Garden. On renxu General Who Pacifies the North Liu Daolong was made Inspector of Xu. Great floods struck Xiangyang; envoys were sent to tour the region and grant relief. On gengwu the posts of General of the Martial Guard and Regular Attendant of the Martial Cavalry were established.
67
冬十月甲午，以中軍將軍義陽王昶為江州刺史。 乙未，高麗國遣使獻方物。
In the tenth month of winter, on jiawu, General of the Central Army Prince of Yiyang Chang was made Inspector of Jiang. On yiwei Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
68
十一月壬子，揚州刺史西陽王子尚加撫軍將軍。
In the eleventh month, on renzi, Inspector of Yang Prince of Xiyang Zishang was given the additional title of General Who Pacifies the Army.
69
十二月己亥，諸王及妃主庶姓位從公者，喪事聽設凶門，餘悉斷。
In the twelfth month, on jihai, princes and consorts of common surname holding ranks equal to the Three Excellencies might set up a mourning gate for funerals; all others were forbidden.
70
閏月庚子，詔曰：「夫山處巖居，不以魚鼈為禮。 頃歲多虞，軍調繁切，違方設賦，本濟一時，而主者玩習，遂為常典。 杶檊瑤琨，任土作貢，積羽羣輕，終致深弊。 永言弘革，無替朕心。 凡寰衞貢職，山淵採捕，皆當詳辨產殖，考順歲時，勿使牽課虛懸，睽忤氣序。 庶簡約之風，有孚於品性； 惠敏之訓，無漏於幽仄。」 庚申，上於華林園聽訟。 壬戌，林邑國遣使獻方物。
In the intercalary month, on gengzi, an edict declared: Those who dwell in mountains and live on cliffs do not take fish and turtle as ritual offerings. In recent years there has been much trouble; military levies have been urgent. Levies contrary to local custom were meant for a moment's need, yet officials have grown accustomed to them and they have become regular practice. Pawlonia, catalpa, jade, and fine stone—each land should offer what it produces; yet when trifles accumulate, deep harm follows in the end. Ever speaking of broad reform, let it not fall short of my intent. All tribute duties of the capital region and products gathered from mountains and marshes must be examined as to what each place produces and assessed by season, so that forced quotas are not imposed in vain and the natural order is not violated. Thus may the wind of simplicity win trust in character; and the teaching of grace and care leave none in remote corners neglected.」 」On gengshen the emperor heard cases at the Hualin Garden. On renxu Linyi sent envoys with tribute.
71
是冬，索虜寇青州，刺史顏師伯頻大破之。
That winter the northern enemy raided Qing Province; Inspector Yan Shibo repeatedly inflicted great defeats on them.
72
三年春正月丁亥，割豫州梁郡屬徐州。 己丑，以驃騎將軍、領軍將軍柳元景為尚書令，尚書右僕射劉遵考為領軍將軍。 丙申，婆皇國遣使獻方物。
In the third year, on dinghai in the first month of spring, Liang commandery in Yu was detached and placed under Xu. On jichou General Who Pacifies the Cavalry and General of the Palace Garrison Liu Yuanjing was made Director of the Masters of Writing, and Right Vice Director Liu Zunkao was made General of the Palace Garrison. On bingshen Bohuang sent envoys with tribute.
73
二月乙卯，以揚州所統六郡為王畿。 以東揚州為揚州。 [16]時欲立司隸校尉，以元凶已立乃止。 撫軍將軍、揚州刺史西陽王子尚徙為揚州刺史。 甲子，復置廷尉監官。
In the second month, on yimao, the six commanderies governed by Yang were made the metropolitan domain. Eastern Yang was made Yang Province. Editorial note 16. General Who Pacifies the Army and Inspector of Yang Prince of Xiyang Zishang was made Inspector of Yang. On jiazi the post of Supervisor of the Court of Justice was restored.
74
荊州饑，三月甲申，原田租布各有差。 庚寅，以義興太守垣閬為兗州刺史。 壬辰，中護軍湘東王彧遷職，以中書令東海王褘為衞將軍、護軍將軍。 癸巳，太宰江夏王義恭加中書監。
Jing suffered famine; in the third month, on jiashen, field rents and cloth taxes were remitted in graded amounts. On gengyin Administrator of Yixing Yuan Lang was made Inspector of Yan. On renchen General Who Protects the Army Prince of Xiangdong Yu was reassigned; Director of the Secretariat Prince of Donghai Hui was made General of the Guard and General Who Protects the Army. On guisi Grand Preceptor Prince of Jiangxia Yigong was also made Supervisor of the Secretariat.
75
夏四月癸卯，上於華林園聽訟。 丙午，以建寧太守苻仲子為寧州刺史。 乙卯，司空、南兗州刺史竟陵王誕有罪，貶爵。 誕不受命，據廣陵城反，殺兗州刺史垣閬。 以始興公沈慶之為車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、南兗州刺史討誕。 甲子，上親御六師，車駕出頓宣武堂。 司州刺史劉季之反叛，徐州刺史劉道隆討斬之。
In the fourth month of summer, on guimao, the emperor heard cases at the Hualin Garden. On bingwu Administrator of Jianning Fu Zhongzi was made Inspector of Ning. On yimao Minister of Works and Inspector of Southern Yan Prince of Jingling Dan, having committed a crime, was degraded in rank. Dan refused the command, seized Guangling in rebellion, and killed Inspector of Yan Yuan Lang. Duke of Shixing Shen Qingzhi was made Grand General of the Agile Cavalry, with credentials equal to an open office with the Three Excellencies, and Inspector of Southern Yan to suppress Dan. On jiazi the emperor in person commanded the six armies; the imperial carriage moved out and halted at the Hall of Martial Proclamation. Inspector of Si Liu Jizhi rebelled; Inspector of Xu Liu Daolong attacked and beheaded him.
76
秋七月己巳，剋廣陵城，斬誕。 悉誅城內男丁，以女口為軍賞。 是日解嚴。 辛未，大赦天下。 尚方長徒、奚官奴婢老疾者悉原放。 孝子、順孫、義夫、節婦，賜粟帛各有差。 王畿下貧之家，與近行頓所由，並蠲租一年。 丙子，以丹陽尹劉秀之為尚書右僕射。 丙戌，分淮南北復置二豫州。 以新除車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、南兗州刺史沈慶之為司空，刺史如故。 戊子，以衞將軍、護軍將軍東海王褘為南豫州刺史，衞將軍如故。 江州刺史義陽王昶為護軍將軍，冠軍將軍桂陽王休範為江州刺史。 癸巳，以前左衞將軍王玄謨為郢州刺史。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jisi, Guangling was taken and Dan beheaded. All males in the city were put to death; the women were taken as military reward. That day the emergency regulations were lifted. On xinwei a general amnesty was proclaimed. Long-term convicts of the Imperial Workshop and aged or sick palace women and eunuch slaves were all pardoned and released. Filial sons, obedient grandsons, righteous husbands, and chaste wives each received grain and silk in graded amounts. Poor households in the metropolitan domain and along the route of the recent imperial halt were all exempted from rent for one year. On bingzi Administrator of Danyang Liu Xiuzhi was made Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On bingxu north and south of the Huai were again divided and two Yu Provinces were re-established. The newly dismissed Grand General of the Agile Cavalry, with credentials equal to an open office with the Three Excellencies, and Inspector of Southern Yan Shen Qingzhi was made Minister of Works, retaining his inspectorship. On wuzi General of the Guard and General Who Protects the Army Prince of Donghai Hui was made Inspector of Southern Yu, retaining his rank as General of the Guard. Prince of Yiyang Chang, Inspector of Jiang, was made General Who Protects the Army; General Who Conquers the Champions Prince of Guiyang Xiufan was made Inspector of Jiang. On guisi former General of the Left Guard Wang Xuanmo was made Inspector of Ying.
77
八月丙申，詔曰：「近北討文武，於軍亡沒，或殞身矢石，或癘疾死亡，並盡勤王事，而斂槥卑薄。 可普更賻給，務令豐厚。」 己酉，以車騎長史庾深之為豫州刺史。 甲子，詔曰：「昔姬道方凝，刑法斯厝； 漢德初明，犴圄用簡。 良由上一其道，下淳其性。 今民澆俗薄，誠淺偽深，重以寡德，弗能心化。 故知方者尠，趣辟實繁。 向因巡覽，見二尚方徒隸，嬰金屨校，既有矜復。 加國慶民和，獨隔凱澤，益以慚焉。 可詳所原宥。」
In the eighth month, on bingshen, an edict declared: In the recent northern campaign, civil and military men lost in the army—some falling to arrows and stones, some dying of plague—all gave their utmost in royal service, yet their coffins and burial goods were meager. Let compensation be renewed broadly for all, and let it be made ample.」 」On jiyou Chief Clerk of the Agile Cavalry Yu Shenzhi was made Inspector of Yu. On jiazi an edict declared: In antiquity, when the way of Zhou was just taking form, punishments were set aside; when Han virtue first shone forth, the prison gates were kept simple. This was truly because those above unified the Way and those below purified their nature. Now the people are dissolute and customs thin; sincerity is shallow and deceit deep. Added to my scant virtue, I cannot transform them through the heart alone. Thus those who know the proper way are few, while those who rush into crime are truly many. Recently, on a tour of inspection, I saw two convict laborers of the Imperial Workshop in metal fetters and wooden cangues; compassion for them already moved me to restore them. Moreover, the realm celebrates and the people are at peace, yet they alone are shut off from imperial grace—this adds to my shame. Let a detailed report be made on whom to pardon.」
78
九月己巳，詔曰：「夫五辟三刺，自古所難，巧法深文，在季彌甚。 故沿情察訟，魯師致捷； 市獄勿擾，漢史飛聲。 廷尉遠邇疑讞，平決攸歸，而一蹈幽圄，動逾時歲。 民嬰其困，吏容其私。 自今囚至辭具，並即以聞，朕當悉詳斷，庶無留獄。 若繁文滯劾，證逮遐廣，必須親察，以盡情狀。 自後依舊聽訟。」 壬辰，於玄武湖北立上林苑。
In the ninth month, on jisi, an edict declared: The five punishments and three modes of interrogation have been difficult since antiquity; artful laws and deep statutes grow ever more severe in decadent ages. Therefore, by following feeling in examining lawsuits, the master of Lu won success; by not disturbing the market prisons, the Han historians won renown. The Court of Justice receives doubtful cases from far and near; fair judgment is its charge—yet once one enters the dark prison, years often pass. The people bear this hardship; officials indulge their private interests. From this day forward, when prisoners have completed their statements, report at once; I shall review and decide all in detail, so that no case remains in prison. If prolix documents stall the prosecution or evidence must be gathered from far away, I must examine in person to exhaust the truth of the matter. Thereafter cases shall again be heard as before.」 」On renchen the Upper Forest Park was established north of Xuanwu Lake.
79
冬十月丁酉，詔曰：「古者薦鞠青壇，聿祈多慶，分繭玄郊，以供純服。 來歲，可使六宮妃嬪修親桑之禮。」 庚子，鎮軍將軍、南徐州刺史劉延孫進號車騎將軍。 戊申，河西國遣使獻方物。 庚戌，以河西王大沮渠安周為征虜將軍、涼州刺史。
In the tenth month of winter, on dingyou, an edict declared: In antiquity they offered fresh grass on the green altar to pray for many blessings, and divided cocoons in the dark suburb to supply pure garments. Next year the consorts and concubines of the six palaces may perform the rite of tending the mulberry in person. 」On gengzi General Who Pacifies the Army and Inspector of Southern Xu Liu Yansun was promoted to Grand General of the Agile Cavalry. On wushen Hexi sent envoys with tribute. On gengxu the King of Hexi, the Great Juqu Anzhou, was made General Who Conquers the Barbarians and Inspector of Liang.
80
十一月己巳，高麗國遣使獻方物。 肅慎國重譯獻楛矢、石砮。 西域獻舞馬。
In the eleventh month, on jisi, Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute. Sushen, through repeated interpreters, presented arrow-wood shafts and stone whistling-balls. The Western Regions presented dancing horses.
81
十二月戊午，上於華林園聽訟。 辛酉，置謁者僕射官。
In the twelfth month, on wuwu, the emperor heard cases at the Hualin Garden. On xinyou the post of Vice Director of the Masters of Ceremonies was established.
82
二月庚子，侍中建安王休仁為湘州刺史。 己未，以員外散騎侍郎費景緒為寧州刺史。
In the second month, on gengzi, Palace Attendant Prince of Jian'an Xiuren was made Inspector of Xiang. On jiwei Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry Fei Jingxu was made Inspector of Ning.
83
三月甲子，以冠軍將軍巴陵王休若為徐州刺史。 丁卯，以安陸王子綏為郢州刺史。 癸酉，以徐州刺史劉道隆為青、冀二州刺史。 索虜寇北陰平孔堤，太守楊歸子擊破之。 甲申，皇后親桑于西郊。
In the third month, on jiazi, General Who Conquers the Champions Prince of Baling Xiuruo was made Inspector of Xu. On dingmao Prince of Anlu Zisui was made Inspector of Ying. On guiyou Inspector of Xu Liu Daolong was made Inspector of Qing and Ji. The Rong enemy raided Kongdi in Northern Yinping; Administrator Yang Guizi defeated them. On jiashen the empress in person performed the mulberry rite at the western suburb.
84
夏四月癸卯，以南琅邪隸王畿。 丙午，詔曰：「昔紩衣御宇，貶甘示節； 土簋臨天，飭儉昭度。 朕綈帛之念，無忘于懷。 雖深詔有司，省游務實，而歲用兼積，年量虛廣。 豈以捐豐從損，允稱約心。 四時供限，可詳減太半。 庶裘絺順典，有偃民華； 纂組傷工，無競㙻市。」 辛酉，詔曰：「都邑節氣未調，疫癘猶眾，言念民瘼，情有矜傷。 可遣使存問，并給醫藥； 其死亡者，隨宜卹贍。」
On guimao in the fourth month of summer, southern Langye was placed under the metropolitan commandery. On bingwu an edict declared: In antiquity, wearing hempen garments to rule the realm, they spurned sweetness to display restraint; with earthen bowls facing heaven, frugality proclaimed the measure. My thought of coarse silk and plain cloth—I do not forget it in my breast. Though edicts have deeply charged the offices to curtail tours and pursue substance, yearly expenditures still accumulate and annual allotments remain excessive. How can abandoning abundance to follow reduction truly match a restrained heart. The seasonal offerings and quotas may be examined and reduced by more than half. May fur and fine cloth accord with the canon, and the people’s finery be laid to rest; brocade weaving harms the workers—let there be no rivalry in the luxury market. 」On xinyou an edict declared: The capital’s seasonal balance is not yet adjusted; plague and pestilence are still numerous—speaking of the people’s afflictions, my feeling is one of pity and wound. Envoys may be sent to inquire after them and medicine bestowed; those who have died—relief and burial gifts as appropriate.」
85
五月庚辰，於華林園聽訟。 乙酉，以徐州之梁郡還屬豫州。 丙戌，尚書左僕射褚湛之卒。 以撫軍長史劉思考為益州刺史。 庚寅，以南下邳併南彭城郡。
On gengchen in the fifth month, the emperor heard cases at the Hualin Garden. On yiyou the Liang Commandery of Xu province was returned to Yu province. On bingxu Minister of the Left Chu Zhanzhi died. Chief Clerk of the Pacification Army Liu Sikao was made Inspector of Yi. On gengyin southern Xiapi was merged into the Nan Pengcheng Commandery.
86
秋七月甲戌，左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司何尚之薨。
On jiaxu in the seventh month of autumn, Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and Commissioner with credentials equal to the Three Excellencies He Shangzhi died.
87
八月壬寅，宕昌王遣使獻方物。 己酉，以晉安王子勛為南兗州刺史。 雍州大水，甲寅，遣軍部賑給。
On renyin in the eighth month, the Prince of Dangchang sent envoys with tribute. On jiyou Prince of Jin'an Zixun was made Inspector of Southern Yan. Great floods struck Yong province; on jiayin the military administration was ordered to provide relief.
88
九月辛未，以冠軍將軍垣護之為豫州刺史。 甲申，上於華林園聽訟。 丁亥，改封襄陽王子鸞為新安王。
On xinwei in the ninth month, Champion General Yuan Huzhi was made Inspector of Yu. On jiashen the emperor heard cases at the Hualin Garden. On dinghai Prince of Xiangyang Ziluan was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Xin'an.
89
冬十月庚寅，遣新除司空沈慶之討沿江蠻。 壬辰，制郡縣減祿，並先充公限。
On gengyin in the tenth month of winter, the newly appointed Minister of Works Shen Qingzhi was dispatched to subdue the riverine barbarians along the Yangzi. On renchen it was ordained that commandery and county stipends be reduced, all first filling the public quota.
90
十一月戊辰，改細作署令為左右御府令。 丙戌，復置大司農官。
On wuchen in the eleventh month, the Director of Fine Works was renamed Director of the Left and Right Imperial Workshops. On bingxu the office of Grand Minister of Agriculture was restored.
91
十二月乙未，上於華林園聽訟。 辛丑，[17]車駕幸廷尉寺，凡囚繫咸悉原遣。 索虜遣使請和。 丁未，車駕幸建康縣，原放獄囚。 倭國遣使獻方物。
On yiwei in the twelfth month, the emperor heard cases at the Hualin Garden. On xinchou, [17] the emperor visited the Court of the Minister of Justice; all prisoners held in custody were entirely pardoned and released. The Rong enemy sent envoys seeking peace. On dingwei the emperor visited Jiankang county and pardoned and released the prisoners. The state of Wa sent envoys with tribute.
92
五年春正月丁卯，以宕昌王梁唐子為河州刺史。
On dingmao in the first month of the fifth year, Prince of Dangchang Liang Tangzi was made Inspector of He.
93
二月癸巳，車駕閱武。 詔曰：「昔人稱人道何先，於兵為首，雖淹紀勿用，忘之必危。 朕以聽覽餘閒，因時講事，坐作有儀，進退無爽。 軍幢以下，普量班錫。 頃化弗能孚，而民未知禁，逭役違調，起觸刑網。 凡諸逃亡，在今昧爽以前，悉皆原赦。 已滯囹圄者，釋還本役。 其逋負在大明三年以前，一賜原停。 自此以還，鰥貧疾老，詳所申減。 伐蠻之家，蠲租稅之半。 近籍改新制，在所承用，殊謬實多，可普更符下，聽以今為始。 若先已犯制，亦同蕩然。」 甲寅，加右光祿大夫羊玄保特進。
On guisi in the second month, the emperor reviewed troops. An edict declared: The ancients said that among human affairs arms come first; though ages may pass without using them, to forget them is surely perilous. I, in the intervals of hearing government affairs, take occasion to drill the troops; sitting and rising have their forms, advancing and retreating without error. From the army banners downward, rewards of rank and gifts were broadly measured out. Recently transformation has not won trust, and the people do not yet know prohibition; evading corvée and violating levies, they have touched the penal code. All fugitives, before dawn this day, are entirely pardoned. Those already held in prison are released and returned to their original corvée. Arrears owed before the third year of Daming are once granted complete remission. From this time forward, the widowed, poor, sick, and aged—let detailed reductions be granted upon petition. Households campaigning against the barbarians—half their rent and tax is remitted. The recent household registers and the new regulations—wherever implemented, the errors have been truly many; let orders be sent broadly to revise them, and from today take this as the beginning. If one has already violated the regulations, the same complete clearing applies. 」On jiayin Right Grand Master of Splendid Happiness Yang Xuanbao was given special advancement.
94
夏四月癸巳，改封西陽王子尚為豫章王。 丙申，加尚書令柳元景左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司。 戊戌，詔曰：「南徐、兗二州去歲水潦傷年，民多困窶。 逋租未入者，可申至秋登。」 丙午，雍州刺史海陵王休茂殺司馬庾深之，舉兵反，義成太守薛繼考討斬之。 [18]甲寅，以第九皇子子仁為雍州刺史。
On guisi in the fourth month of summer, Prince of Xiyang Zishang was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Yuzhang. On bingshen Director of the Imperial Secretariat Liu Yuanjing was given the additional posts of Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and Commissioner with credentials equal to the Three Excellencies. On wuxu an edict declared: Southern Xu and Yan provinces last year suffered flood damage to the harvest, and the people are much impoverished. Unpaid rents not yet entered may be deferred until the autumn harvest is registered. 」On bingwu Inspector of Yong Prince of Hailing Xiumao killed his Chief Clerk Yu Shenzhi and raised troops in rebellion; Administrator of Yicheng Xue Jikao attacked and beheaded him. [18] On jiayin the ninth imperial son Ziren was made Inspector of Yong.
95
五月癸亥，制帝室期親，朝官非祿官者，月給錢十萬。 丙辰，車駕幸閱武堂聽訟。
On guihai in the fifth month, it was ordained that collateral kin of the imperial house within one degree of mourning, and court officials who were not stipendiary officers, should each month receive one hundred thousand cash. On bingchen the emperor visited the Review of Arms Hall to hear cases.
96
六月丙午，以護軍將軍義陽王昶為中軍將軍。 壬子，分廣陵置沛郡，省東平郡并廣陵。
On bingwu in the sixth month, Colonel of the Guard Prince of Yiyang Chang was made General of the Center. On renzi the Pei Commandery was established from Guangling, and the Dongping Commandery was abolished and merged into Guangling.
97
秋七月丙辰，詔曰：「雨水猥降，街衢泛溢。 可遣使巡行。 窮弊之家，賜以薪粟。」 丁卯，高麗國遣使獻方物。 庚午，曲赦雍州。
On bingchen in the seventh month of autumn, an edict declared: Rain has fallen in torrents and the streets and lanes are flooded. Envoys may be sent to tour and inspect. Destitute and exhausted households shall be given firewood and grain. 」On dingmao the state of Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute. On gengwu a partial amnesty was proclaimed for Yong province.
98
八月戊子，立第九皇子子仁為永嘉王，第十一皇子子真為始安王。 以北中郎參軍費伯弘為寧州刺史。 己丑，詔曰：「自靈命初基，聖圖重遠。 參正樂職，感神明之應； 崇殖禮囿，奮至德之光。 聲實同和，文以均節，化調其俗，物性其情。 故臨經式奠，煥乎炳發，道喪世屯，學落年永。 獄訟微衰息之術，百姓忘退素之方。 今息警夷嶂，恬波河渚，棧山航海，嚮風慕義，化民成俗，茲焉時矣。 [19]來歲可修葺庠序，旌延國冑。」 庚寅，制方鎮所假白板郡縣，年限依臺除，食祿三分之一，不給送故。 衞將軍東海王褘以本號開府儀同三司。
On wuzi in the eighth month, the ninth imperial son Ziren was enfeoffed as Prince of Yongjia and the eleventh Zizhen as Prince of Shi'an. Consultation Officer of the North Central Commandery Fei Bohong was made Inspector of Ning. On jichou an edict declared: From the time when the numinous Mandate was first founded, the sacred design has been far-reaching. Harmonizing and rectifying music duties, it moved the response of spirits and gods; honoring and cultivating the garden of rites, it raised the radiance of utmost virtue. Sound and substance joined in harmony; pattern with measure balanced them; transformation adjusted custom, and things took on their natures. Therefore, facing the classics and performing the rites of offering, brilliance blazed forth; when the Way was lost and the age beset, learning fell and years grew long. In prison litigation the arts of gradual pacification faded; among the common people they forgot the way of yielding and simplicity. Now alarms are stilled on the barbarian ridges and waves lie tranquil on the river isles; scaling mountains and sailing seas, all turn to the wind and cherish righteousness—the time to transform the people and complete custom is now. [19] Next year the schools may be repaired and extended, and the heirs of the state honored. 」On gengyin it was ordained that for white-board commanderies and counties temporarily granted by frontier posts, the term should follow metropolitan dismissal; they receive one-third of the stipend and no funeral gifts on departure. General of the Guard Prince of Donghai Yi was given the ceremonial establishment of the Three Excellencies with his present title.
99
九月甲寅朔，日有食之。 丁卯，行幸琅邪郡，囚繫悉原遣。 甲戌，移南豫州治淮南于湖縣。 丁丑，以冠軍將軍尋陽王子房為南豫州刺史。
On the first day of the ninth month, jiayin, there was an eclipse of the sun. On dingmao the emperor traveled to Langye Commandery; all prisoners held in custody were entirely pardoned and released. On jiaxu the seat of Southern Yan province was moved to Huainan, at Huxian. On dingchou Champion General Prince of Xunyang Zifang was made Inspector of Southern Yan.
100
閏月戊子，皇太子妃何氏薨。 丙申，初立馳道，自閶闔門至于朱雀門，又自承明門至于玄武湖。 壬寅，改封歷陽王子頊為臨海王。
On wuzi in the intercalary month, the consort of the Crown Prince, of the He clan, died. On bingshen the imperial speedway was first established, from the Changhe Gate to the Vermilion Bird Gate, and from the Chenming Gate to the Xuanwu Lake. On renyin Prince of Liyang Zixiang was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Linhai.
101
冬十月甲寅，以車騎將軍、南徐州刺史劉延孫為尚書左僕射、領護軍將軍，尚書右僕射劉秀之為安北將軍、雍州刺史。 以冠軍將軍臨海王子頊為廣州刺史。 乙卯，以東中郎將新安王子鸞為南徐州刺史。
On jiayin in the tenth month of winter, General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Southern Xu Liu Yansun was made Minister of the Left and Colonel of the Guard; Minister of the Right Liu Xiuzhi was made General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Yong. Champion General Prince of Linhai Zixiang was made Inspector of Guang. On yimao General of the East Center Prince of Xin'an Ziluan was made Inspector of Southern Xu.
102
十一月壬辰，詔曰：「王畿內奉京師，外表眾夏，民殷務廣，宜思簡惠。 可遣尚書就加詳檢，并與守宰平治庶獄。 其有疑滯，具以狀聞。」 丁酉，增置少府丞一人。
On renchen in the eleventh month, an edict declared: The metropolitan commandery within serves the capital and without displays the myriad Xia—the people are numerous and affairs broad; one should think of simplicity and grace. The Masters of Writing may be sent to add detailed inspection, and together with the prefects and magistrates settle the common prisons. Where there are doubts or delays, let full reports be submitted. 」On dingyou one additional Assistant Director of the Imperial Household was added.
103
十二月壬申，以領軍將軍劉遵考為尚書右僕射。 甲戌，制天下民戶歲輸布四疋。 庚辰，以太常王玄謨為平北將軍、徐州刺史。
On renshen in the twelfth month, Colonel of the Garrison Liu Zunkao was made Minister of the Right. On jiaxu it was ordained that households throughout the empire should each year deliver four bolts of cloth. On gengchen Minister of Ceremonies Wang Xuanmo was made General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Xu.
104
六年春正月己丑，湘州刺史建安王休仁加平南將軍。 辛卯，車駕親祠南郊。 是日，又宗祀明堂。 大赦天下。 孝子、順孫、義夫、悌弟，賜爵一級，慈姑、節婦及孤老、六疾，賜帛五匹，穀十斛。 下四方旌賞茂異，其有懷真抱素，志行清白，恬退自守，不交當世，或識通古今，才經軍國，奉公廉直，高譽在民，具以名奏。 乙未，置五官中郎將、左右中郎將官。
On jichou in the first month of the sixth year, Inspector of Xiang Prince of Jian'an Xiuren was given the additional title General Who Pacifies the South. On xinmao the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb in person. That same day, the Bright Hall was also honored with sacrifice. A general amnesty was proclaimed. Filial sons, obedient grandsons, men of righteousness, and respectful younger brothers were each granted one rank of nobility; kindly mothers-in-law, chaste wives, and the orphaned, aged, and six kinds of infirm were each given five bolts of silk and ten hu of grain. Throughout the four quarters, banners were raised to reward outstanding excellence; those who harbor truth and embrace simplicity, whose conduct is pure and clear, who retire in quiet without mixing with the age, or who know past and present and possess talent for state and army, who serve the public with integrity and whose lofty reputation is among the people—let all be reported by name. On yiwei the posts of Colonel of the Five Offices and Colonel of the Left and Right Offices were established.
105
二月乙卯，復百官祿。
On yimao in the second month, the stipends of the hundred offices were restored.
106
三月庚寅，立第十三皇子子元為邵陵王。 壬寅，以倭國王世子興為安東將軍。 乙巳，改豫州南梁郡為淮南郡，舊淮南郡并宣城。 丁未，輔國將軍、征虜長史、廣陵太守沈懷文有罪，下獄死。
On gengyin in the third month, the thirteenth imperial son Ziyuan was enfeoffed as Prince of Shaoling. On renyin the heir of the King of Wa, Xing, was made General Who Guards the East. On yisi the Southern Liang Commandery of Yu was changed to the Huainan Commandery, and the old Huainan Commandery was merged into Xuancheng. On dingwei Assisting State General, Chief Clerk of the General Who Pacifies the Barbarians, and Administrator of Guangling Shen Huaiwen, having committed a crime, was imprisoned and died.
107
四月庚申，原除南兗州大明三年以前逋租。 新作大航門。
On gengshen in the fourth month, unpaid rents of Southern Yan before the third year of Daming were remitted. The Great Floating Gate was newly built.
108
五月丙戌，置凌室，修藏冰之禮。 壬寅，太宰江夏王義恭解領司徒。
On bingxu in the fifth month, the Ice Chamber was established and the rites of storing ice were restored. On renyin Grand Preceptor Prince of Jiangxia Yigong relinquished charge of the Ministry of Rites.
109
六月辛酉，尚書左僕射、護軍將軍劉延孫卒。 [20]
On xinyou in the sixth month, Minister of the Left and Colonel of the Guard Liu Yansun died. [20] Editorial note twenty stands in the received text at this point in the narrative.
110
秋七月庚辰，以荊州刺史朱脩之為領軍將軍，廣州刺史臨海王子頊為荊州刺史。 甲申，地震。 戊子，以輔國將軍王翼之為廣州刺史。 辛卯，以西陽太守檀翼之為交州刺史。 乙未，立第十九皇子子雲為晉陵王。
On gengchen in the seventh month of autumn, Inspector of Jing Zhu Xiuzhi was made Colonel of the Garrison; Inspector of Guang Prince of Linhai Zixiang was made Inspector of Jing. On jiashen there was an earthquake. On wuzi Assisting State General Wang Yizhi was made Inspector of Guang. On xinmao Administrator of Xiyang Tan Yizhi was made Inspector of Jiao. On yiwei the nineteenth imperial son Ziyun was enfeoffed as Prince of Jinling.
111
八月癸亥，原除雍州大明四年以前逋租。 乙亥，置清臺令。
On guihai in the eighth month, unpaid rents of Yong before the fourth year of Daming were remitted. On yihai the Director of the Pure Terrace was established.
112
九月戊寅，制沙門致敬人主。 戊子，以前金紫光祿大夫宗慤為中護軍。 乙未，尚書右僕射劉遵考為尚書左僕射，丹陽尹王僧朗為尚書右僕射。
On wuyin in the ninth month, it was ordained that Buddhist monks should pay obeisance to the sovereign. On wuzi former Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with the Golden Seal Zong Que was made Colonel of the Central Guard. On yiwei Minister of the Right Liu Zunkao was made Minister of the Left, and Administrator of Danyang Wang Senglang was made Minister of the Right.
113
冬十月丁巳，以山陽王休祐子士弘繼鄱陽哀王休業。 丁卯，詔上林苑內民庶丘墓欲還合葬者，[21]勿禁。
On dingsi in the tenth month of winter, the son of Prince of Shanyang Xiuyou, Shihong, succeeded as the lamented Prince of Poyang Xiye. On dingmao an edict declared: Within the Shanglin Park, commoners who wished to return ancestral tombs for joint burial [21] were not forbidden.
114
七年春正月癸未，詔曰：「春蒐之禮，著自周令； 講事之語，書于魯史。 所以昭宣德度，示民軌則。 今歲稔氣榮，中外寧晏。 當因農隙，葺是舊章。 可克日於玄武湖大閱水師，并巡江右，講武校獵。」 丁亥，以尚書右僕射王僧朗為太常，衞將軍顏師伯為尚書右僕射。 己丑，以尚書令柳元景為驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 庚寅，以南兗州刺史晉安王子勛為江州刺史。 癸巳，割吳郡屬南徐州。
On guiwei in the first month of the seventh year, an edict declared: The spring hunt rite is set forth in the Zhou ordinances; the words on drilling troops are recorded in the Lu history. By them virtue and measure are displayed to the people and rules shown. This year the harvest is abundant and the air is flourishing; within and without are tranquil. At the agricultural interval, the old regulations should be restored. On a set day a great review of the naval forces may be held at the Xuanwu Lake, and the right bank of the Yangzi toured, with military drill and hunting. 」On dinghai Minister of the Right Wang Senglang was made Minister of Ceremonies, and General of the Guard Yan Shibo was made Minister of the Right. On jichou Director of the Imperial Secretariat Liu Yuanjing was made Rapid Tiger General-in-Chief with the ceremonial establishment of the Three Excellencies. On gengyin Inspector of Southern Yan Prince of Jin'an Zixun was made Inspector of Jiang. On guisi Wu Commandery was detached and placed under Southern Xu.
115
二月甲寅，車駕巡南豫、南兗二州。 丙辰，詔曰：「江漢楚望，咸秩周禋，禮九疑於盛唐，祀蓬萊於渤海，皆前載流訓，列聖遺式。 霍山是曰南嶽，實維國鎮，韞靈呈瑞，肇光宋道。 朕駐驆于野，有事岐陽，瞻睇風雲，徘徊以想。 可遣使奠祭。」 丁巳，車駕校獵于歷陽之烏江。 己未，車駕登烏江縣六合山。 庚申，割歷陽秦郡置臨江郡。 壬戌，[22]詔曰：「朕受天慶命，十一年於茲矣。 憑七廟之靈，獲上帝之力，禮橫四海，威震八荒。 方巡三湘而奠衡嶽，次九河而檢云、岱。 今恢覽功成，省風畿表，觀民六合，蒐校長洲。 騰沙飛礫，平嶽盪海，鼖晉合序，鐃鉦協節，獻鬯如禮，饁獸傾郊，敬舉王公之觴，廣納士民之壽。 八風循通，卿雲叢聚，盡天罄瑞，率宇竭歡。 思散太極之泉，以福無方之外。 可大赦天下，行幸所經，無出今歲租布。 其逋租餘債，勿復收。 賜民爵一級，女子百戶牛酒。 刺守邑宰及民夫從蒐者，普加沾賚。」 [23]又詔曰：「朕弱年操製，出牧司雍，承政宣風，荐歷年紀。 國步中阻，治戎江甸，難夷情義，實繫于懷。 今或練蒐訓旅，涉茲境閭，故邑耆舊，在目罕存。 年世未遠，殲亡太半，撫迹惟事，傾慨兼著。 太宗燕故，晉陽洽恩； 世祖流仁，濟畿暢澤。 永言往猷，思廣前賚。 可蠲歷陽郡租輸三年。 遣使巡慰，問民疾苦，鰥寡、孤老、六疾不能自存者，厚賜粟帛。 高年加以羊酒。 凡一介之善，隨才銓貫； 前國名臣及府州佐吏，量所沾錫。 人身已往，施及子孫。」 壬申，車駕還宮。
On jiayin in the second month, the emperor toured Southern Yu and Southern Yan provinces. On bingchen an edict declared: The Yangtze and Han, Chu and its outlook—all are ranked in the Zhou sacrifices; the rites honor Jiuyi in prosperous Tang and sacrifice Penglai in Bohai—all are teachings handed down by former records and models left by successive sages. Mount Huo is called the Southern Peak and is truly a pillar of the state; its hidden spirit manifests omens and first lit the Song Way. I halt my chariot in the wilds and have affairs at Qiyang; gazing at wind and cloud, I linger in thought. Envoys may be sent to perform the offering sacrifice. 」On dingsi the emperor conducted a hunt review at Wujiang in Liyang. On jiwei the emperor ascended the Liuhe Mountain in Wujiang county. On gengshen the Qin Commandery of Liyang was detached to establish the Linjiang Commandery. On renxu, [22] an edict declared: I have received Heaven’s felicitous Mandate for eleven years now. Relying on the spirits of the seven temples and gaining the strength of the Supreme Lord, rites extend across the four seas and awe shakes the eight wilds. I am about to tour the three Xiang and offer at Mount Heng, then proceed to the nine rivers and inspect Yun and Dai. Now, with achievements broadly surveyed, I inspect the winds of the metropolitan region, observe the people of the six harmonies, and hunt review on the long isle. Sand flies and stones scatter, leveling mountains and churning seas; drums and bells keep order, gongs and cymbals match the beat; fragrant spirits are offered as in ritual, roasted beasts fill the suburbs; the toast of kings and dukes is raised and the longevity of knights and commoners is broadly received. The eight winds circulate in harmony; auspicious clouds gather in clusters; omens exhaust heaven and rejoicing fills the realm. I think to spread the fountain of the Great Ultimate to bless what lies beyond all bounds. A general amnesty may be proclaimed; wherever the imperial progress passes, no rent or cloth shall be levied this year. Unpaid rents and remaining debts shall not again be collected. The people are granted one rank of nobility; each hundred households receive oxen and wine. Inspectors, magistrates, and corvée laborers who followed the hunt shall all share in the bounty. 」[23] Another edict declared: In my youth I held the reins of government and went out to shepherd Si and Yong; carrying out policy and spreading influence, years have piled up. The state’s step was midway obstructed; I governed arms on the Yangzi reaches—hardships and righteous feeling truly lay in my breast. Now, drilling troops in the hunt review, I cross these border hamlets; the old elders of my former district—few remain before my eyes. The years are not yet far, yet more than half have perished; tracing the traces, I am moved to sorrow and sighing together. Emperor Taizong treated old friends with kindness; Jinyang received his grace; Emperor Shizu spread benevolence and the capital region enjoyed his bounty. Ever speaking of former examples, I wish to extend the rewards of the past. The rent and tribute of Liyang Commandery may be remitted for three years. Envoys may be sent to tour and comfort, inquiring into the people’s hardships; the widowed, orphaned, aged, and six kinds of infirm who cannot support themselves shall richly receive grain and cloth. The aged shall in addition receive sheep and wine. Every least good deed, according to talent, shall be ranked and rewarded; former famous ministers of the state and staff officers of prefectures and provinces shall be favored according to measure. Though the person is gone, the benefit extends to sons and grandsons. 」On renshen the emperor returned to the palace.
116
夏四月甲寅，以領軍將軍朱脩之為特進。 丙辰，以尚書湘東王彧為領軍將軍。 甲子，詔曰：「自非臨軍戰陳，一不得專殺。 其罪甚重辟者，[24]皆如舊先上須報，有司嚴加聽察。 犯者以殺人罪論。」
On jiayin in the fourth month of summer, Colonel of the Garrison Zhu Xiuzhi was given special advancement. On bingchen Master of Writing Prince of Xiangdong Yu was made Colonel of the Garrison. On jiazi an edict declared: Except when facing the enemy in battle array, killing on one’s own authority is everywhere forbidden. Those whose crimes merit the heaviest punishments, [24] shall as before first be reported upward for approval; the offices must strictly oversee and inspect. Offenders shall be judged under the statute for murder.」
117
五月乙亥，撫軍將軍、揚州刺史豫章王子尚進號車騎將軍，輔國將軍始安王子真為廣州刺史。 丙子，詔曰：「自今刺史守宰，動民興軍，皆須手詔施行。 唯邊隅外警，及姦釁內發，變起倉卒者，不從此例。」
On yihai in the fifth month, General Who Pacifies the Army and Inspector of Yang Prince of Yuzhang Zishang was advanced to General of Chariots and Cavalry; Assisting State General Prince of Shi'an Zizhen was made Inspector of Guang. On bingzi an edict declared: From now on, whenever inspectors and magistrates move the people or raise armies, all must be carried out by imperial edict in hand. Only border alarms from without and treason arising within, emergencies sudden from the storehouse, are not subject to this rule.」
118
六月甲辰，以北中郎司馬柳元怙為梁、南秦二州刺史。 戊申，芮芮國、高麗國遣使獻方物。 戊辰，以秦郡太守劉德願為豫州刺史。
On jiachen in the sixth month, Chief Clerk of the North Central Commandery Liu Yuanhu was made Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin. On wushen the states of Rouran and Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute. On wuchen Administrator of Qin Liu Deyuan was made Inspector of Yu.
119
七月乙亥，征東大將軍高麗王高璉進號車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 丙申，[25]詔曰：「前詔江海田池，與民共利。 歷歲未久，浸以弛替。 名山大川，往往占固。 有司嚴加檢糾，申明舊制。」
On yihai in the seventh month, General Who Guards the East and King of Goguryeo Gao Lian was advanced to General of Chariots and Cavalry with the ceremonial establishment of the Three Excellencies. On bingshen, [25] an edict declared: The former edict declared that river, sea, field, and pond should share profit with the people. Years are not yet many, yet neglect has gradually spread. Famous mountains and great rivers are often seized and held fast. The offices must strictly investigate and correct, and proclaim the old regulations.」
120
八月丁巳，詔曰：「昔匹婦含怨，山燋北鄙； 孀妻哀慟，臺傾東國。 良以誠之所動，在微必著； 感之所震，雖厚必崩。 朕臨察九野，志深待旦，弗能使爛然成章，各如其節。 遂令炎精損河，陽偏不施，歲云不稔，咎實朕由。 太官供膳，宜從貶撤。 近道刑獄，當親料省。 其王畿內及神州所統，可遣尚書與所在共詳； 畿外諸州，委之刺史。 并詳省律令，思存利民。 其考讁貿襲，在大明七年以前，一切勿治。 尤弊之家，開倉賑給。」 乙丑，立第十六皇子子孟為淮南王，第十八皇子子產為臨賀王。 車駕幸建康秣陵縣訊獄囚。
On dingsi in the eighth month, an edict declared: In antiquity, when a lone wife harbored resentment, a mountain burned on the northern frontier; when a widowed wife grieved in anguish, a tower toppled in the eastern states. Truly, where sincerity moves, even the minute must appear; where feeling shakes, though thick it must collapse. I oversee the nine fields with deep intent awaiting dawn, yet cannot make brilliance spread into patterns, each keeping its measure. Thus the fiery essence has damaged the river and the yang principle is not fully applied; the year says the harvest fails—the fault is truly mine. The Imperial Butcher’s provisions should follow reduction and withdrawal. Recent criminal prisons—the emperor should personally examine and reduce them. Within the metropolitan commandery and under the dominion of the sacred province, the Masters of Writing may be sent to examine together with the local authorities; the provinces outside the capital are entrusted to the inspectors. Let statutes and ordinances also be examined in detail, thinking how to preserve and benefit the people. Examinations, dismissals, and inherited penalties before the seventh year of Daming—none shall be prosecuted. Among the most afflicted households, open the granaries and provide relief. 」On yichou the sixteenth imperial son Zimeng was enfeoffed as Prince of Huainan and the eighteenth Zichan as Prince of Linhe. The emperor visited Moling county of Jiankang to examine prisoners.
121
九月巳卯，詔曰：「近炎精亢序，苗稼多傷。 今二麥未晚，甘澤頻降，可下東境郡，勤課墾殖。 尤弊之家，量貸麥種。」 戊子，詔曰：「昔周王驥跡，實窮四溟； 漢帝鸞軫，夙遍五嶽。 皆所以上對幽靈，下理民土。 自天昌替馭，臨宮創圖，禮代夭鬱，世貿興毀。 皇家造宋，日月重光，琁璣得序，五星順命，而戎車歲動，陳詩義闕。 朕聿含五光，奄一天下，思盡寶戒之規，以塞謀危之路。 當沿時省方，觀察風俗。 外詳考舊典，以副側席之懷。」 庚寅，南徐州刺史新安王子鸞兼司徒。 乙未，車駕幸廷尉訊獄囚。 丙申，立第十七皇子子嗣為東平王。
On jimao in the ninth month, an edict declared: Recently the fiery essence has stood in excessive order and the grain shoots have suffered much harm. Now the second wheat crop is not yet late, and sweet rains have fallen often; the eastern commanderies may be ordered to be diligent in opening fields for cultivation. Among the most afflicted households, wheat seed may be loaned by measure. 」On wuzi an edict declared: In antiquity the Zhou king’s traces of his steeds truly reached the four seas; the Han emperor’s phoenix carriage early traversed the five peaks. All were to respond above to the hidden spirits and below to govern the people’s soil. Since Heaven’s prosperity was replaced and the ruling house founded its design, rites of the age withered young and generations traded rise and ruin. The imperial house founded Song; sun and moon shone anew; the jade armillary found its order and the five stars obeyed the Mandate—yet the war chariot moves year by year and the Chen odes of righteousness are wanting. I now embrace the five lights and cover the realm below, wishing to exhaust the rules of precious admonition to block the road of perilous schemes. I shall follow the seasons to inspect the provinces and observe customs. Without, let the old canons be examined in detail to fulfill the intent of sitting sidewise in expectation. 」On gengyin Inspector of Southern Xu Prince of Xin'an Ziluan also took charge of the Ministry of Rites. On yiwei the emperor visited the Court of the Minister of Justice to examine prisoners. On bingshen the seventeenth imperial son Zisi was enfeoffed as Prince of Dongping.
122
冬十月壬寅，太子冠，賜王公以下帛各有差。 戊申，車駕巡南豫州。 詔曰：「朕巡幸所經，先見百年者，及孤寡老疾，並賜粟帛。 獄繫刑罪，並親聽訟。 其士庶或怨鬱危滯，受抑吏司，或隱約潔立，負擯州里，皆聽進朕前，面自陳訴。 若忠信孝義，力田殖穀，一介之能，一藝之美，悉加旌賞。 雖秋澤頻降，而夏旱嬰弊。 可即開行倉，[26]並加賑賜。」 癸丑，行幸江寧縣訊獄囚。 車騎將軍、揚州刺史豫章王子尚加開府儀同三司。 癸亥，衞將軍、開府儀同三司東海王褘為司空，中軍將軍義陽王昶加開府儀同三司。 丙寅，詔曰：「賞慶刑威，奄國彝軌； 黜幽升明，闢宇恒憲。 故採言聆風，式觀侈質，貶爵加地，於是乎在。 今類帝宜社，親巡江甸，因覲嶽守，躬求民瘼。 思弘明試之典，以申考績之義。 行幸所經，莅民之職，功宣於聽，即加甄賞。 若廢務亂民，隨諐議罰。 主者詳察以聞。」 己巳，車駕校獵於姑孰。
On renyin in the tenth month of winter, the Crown Prince received the capping rite; kings, dukes, and those below were each given silk in differing amounts. On wushen the emperor toured Southern Yu province. An edict declared: Wherever my progress passes, I shall first see those of a hundred years, and the orphaned, solitary, aged, and sick shall all receive grain and cloth. Prisoners held for penal offenses—the emperor shall personally hear their cases. Among knights and commoners, those who harbor resentment and peril, who are suppressed by clerks, or who live in hidden purity and are rejected in their district—all may come before me and state their case in person. If there is loyalty, trust, filial piety, righteousness, diligent farming, or growing grain, or the ability of a single man or the beauty of a single art—let all be marked for reward. Though autumn bounty has fallen often, summer drought still afflicts the people. The traveling granaries may immediately be opened, [26] and relief added. 」On guichou the emperor traveled to Jiangning county to examine prisoners. General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Yang Prince of Yuzhang Zishang was given the ceremonial establishment of the Three Excellencies. On guihai General of the Guard and Commissioner with credentials equal to the Three Excellencies Prince of Donghai Yi was made Minister of Works; General of the Center Prince of Yiyang Chang was given the ceremonial establishment of the Three Excellencies. On bingyin an edict declared: Reward, celebration, punishment, and awe—together they cover the constant statutes of the state; deposing the obscure and elevating the bright opens the realm’s enduring law. Therefore gathering words and listening to the winds is the form for observing extravagant substance; degrading rank and adding lands lies therein. Now, matching Heaven at the altar of soil, I personally tour the Jiang reaches; thereby viewing the mountain guardians and in person seeking the people’s afflictions. I wish to extend the canon of bright examination to declare the meaning of assessing achievement. Wherever the imperial progress passes, among offices that govern the people, if merit is manifest in what is heard, let reward be added at once. If duties are abandoned and the people are thrown into disorder, punishment follows the fault as discussed. The responsible offices must examine in detail and report. 」On jisi the emperor conducted a hunt review at Gushu.
123
十二月丙午，行幸歷陽。 甲寅，大赦天下。 南豫州別署勅繫長徒，一切原散。 其兵期考襲讁戍，悉停。 歷陽郡女子百戶牛酒； 高年孤疾，賜帛十匹，蠲郡租十年。 己未，太宰江夏王義恭加尚書令。 於博望梁山立雙闕。 癸亥，車駕至自歷陽。
On bingwu in the twelfth month, the emperor traveled to Liyang. On jiayin a general amnesty was proclaimed. Long-term convicts held under special orders of Southern Yu province were entirely pardoned and released. Military terms of examination, inherited censure, and garrison service were all suspended. The women of Liyang Commandery received oxen and wine by the hundred households; the aged, orphaned, and sick received ten bolts of silk each, and the commandery’s rent was remitted for ten years. On jiwei Grand Preceptor Prince of Jiangxia Yigong was given the additional post of Director of the Imperial Secretariat. At Bowang and Liang Mountain paired gate towers were erected. On guihai the emperor returned from Liyang.
124
八年春正月甲戌，詔曰：「東境去歲不稔，宜廣商貨。 遠近販鬻米粟者，[29]可停道中雜稅。 其以仗自防，悉勿禁。」 癸未，安北將軍、雍州刺史劉秀之卒。 戊子，以平南將軍、湘州刺史建安王休仁為安南將軍、江州刺史，晉安王子勛為鎮軍將軍、雍州刺史，南徐州刺史新安王子鸞為撫軍將軍，[30]領司徒、刺史如故，輔國將軍江夏王世子伯禽為湘州刺史。
On jiaxu in the first month of the eighth year, an edict declared: The eastern regions did not harvest last year; commerce in goods should be broadened. Those who sell rice and grain from far and near, [29] may have miscellaneous taxes along the road suspended. Those who arm themselves for protection are not forbidden. 」On guiwei General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Yong Liu Xiuzhi died. On wuzi General Who Pacifies the South and Inspector of Xiang Prince of Jian'an Xiuren was made General Who Guards the South and Inspector of Jiang; Prince of Jin'an Zixun was made General Who Guards the Army and Inspector of Yong; Inspector of Southern Xu Prince of Xin'an Ziluan was made General Who Pacifies the Army, [30] retaining charge of the Ministry of Rites and his inspectorship as before; the heir of Prince of Jiangxia Bosun was made Inspector of Xiang.
125
二月辛丑，特進朱脩之卒。 壬寅，詔曰：「去歲東境偏旱，田畝失收。 使命來者，多至乏絕。 或下窮流宂，頓伏街巷，朕甚閔之。 可出倉米付建康、秣陵二縣，隨宜贍恤。 若濟拯不時，[31]以至捐棄者，嚴加糾劾。」 乙巳，以鎮軍將軍湘東王彧為鎮北將軍、徐州刺史。 平北將軍、徐州刺史王玄謨為領軍將軍。
On xinchou in the second month, the Commissioner with special advancement Zhu Xiuzhi died. On renyin an edict declared: Last year the eastern regions suffered partial drought and fields lost their harvest. Envoys who came often reached exhaustion and cutoff. Some fell to the depths of wandering streams or collapsed in the lanes and streets—I am deeply grieved for them. Storehouse grain may be issued to Jiankang and Moling counties and relief given as appropriate. If relief is not timely, [31] leading to abandonment and death, strict investigation and punishment shall follow. 」On yisi General Who Guards the Army Prince of Xiangdong Yu was made General Who Guards the North and Inspector of Xu. General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Xu Wang Xuanmo was made Colonel of the Garrison.
126
夏閏五月辛丑，以前御史中丞蕭惠開為青、冀二州刺史。 壬寅，太宰江夏王義恭領太尉。 特進、右光祿大夫羊玄保卒。
On xinchou in the intercalary fifth month of summer, the former Supervisor of the Censorate Xiao Huikai was made Inspector of Qing and Ji. On renyin Grand Preceptor Prince of Jiangxia Yigong also took charge of the Ministry of War. The Commissioner with special advancement and Right Grand Master of Splendid Happiness Yang Xuanbao died.
127
庚申，帝崩於玉燭殿，時年三十五。 秋七月丙午，葬丹陽秣陵縣巖山景寧陵。
On gengshen the emperor died in the Jade Candle Hall at the age of thirty-five. On bingwu in the seventh month of autumn, he was buried at the Jingning Mausoleum on Yanshan in Moling county, Danyang.
128
史臣曰：役己以利天下，堯、舜之心也； 利己以及萬物，中主之志也； 盡民命以自養，桀、紂之行也。 觀大明之世，其將盡民命乎！ 雖有周公之才之美，猶終之以亂，何益哉！
The Historian writes: To labor oneself for the benefit of all under Heaven is the heart of Yao and Shun; to benefit oneself and thereby reach the myriad things is the intent of a middling ruler; to exhaust the people’s lives to nourish oneself is the conduct of Jie and Zhou. Looking at the age of Daming, will it not exhaust the people’s lives! Though one had the talent and beauty of the Duke of Zhou, one would still end in disorder—of what use is that!
129
校勘記
Textual collation notes
130
徙都督雍梁南北秦四州荊州之襄陽竟陵南陽順陽新野隨六郡諸軍事「南陽」各本作「南陵」。 錢大昕廿二史考異云：「南陵當作南陽。」 按州郡志，荊州有南陽郡，無「南陵郡」。 今從錢說改。
Transferred to supervise military affairs in Yong, Liang, Northern Qin, and Southern Qin and in six Jingzhou commanderies—Xiangyang, Jingling, Nanyang, Shunyang, Xinye, and Sui: In all editions 「Nanyang」 appears as 「Nanling」. Qian Daxin’s Notes on the Twenty-Two Histories says: 「Nanling should read Nanyang. 」According to the Monograph on Provinces and Commanderies, Jing province had a Nanyang Commandery and no 「Nanling Commandery」. The text is now emended following Qian’s view.
131
丙子克定京邑「丙子」各本及南史作「丙申」。 建康實錄作「丙子」。 按是月癸酉朔，初二日甲戌，初三日乙亥，初四日丙子，二十四日丙申。 據上文，初二日甲戌克京口城，初三日乙亥克東府，克定京師，當在初四日丙子。 元凶傳，四日建康破，則作丙子是。 今據建康實錄改。
On bingzi the capital was secured: In all editions and in the History of the Southern Dynasties this reads 「bingshen」. The Veritable Records of Jiankang reads 「bingzi」. According to this, that month’s guiyou was the first day; the second day was jiaxu, the third yihai, the fourth bingzi, and the twenty-fourth bingshen. According to the text above, on the second day jiaxu Jingkou was taken; on the third yihai the Eastern Palace; securing the capital should fall on the fourth day bingzi. The biography of the crown prince rebel says that on the fourth day Jiankang fell—so 「bingzi」 is correct. The text is now emended according to the Veritable Records of Jiankang.
132
以司州刺史魯爽為豫州刺史「豫州」各本並作「南豫州」。 廿二史考異云：「案是時無南豫州。 『南』蓋衍文也。 自永嘉二十二年罷南豫州并壽陽，至孝武大明三年始復分置，中間無南豫者計十年。」 按錢說是，今刪。
The Inspector of Si Lu Shuang was made Inspector of Yu: In all editions this reads 「Southern Yu」. Notes on the Twenty-Two Histories says: 「According to this, there was then no Southern Yu. The character 「Southern」 is probably a superfluous addition. Southern Yu was abolished and merged into Shouyang from the twenty-second year of Yongjia; it was not restored until the third year of Daming in Emperor Xiaowu’s reign—a span of about ten years without Southern Yu. 」Qian’s view is accepted; 「Southern」 is now deleted.
133
丁巳各本並作「丁亥」。 孫虨宋書考論云：「丁亥蓋丁巳誤。」 按是月壬寅朔，無丁亥，十六日丁巳。 孫說是，今改正。
Dingsi: In all editions this reads 「dinghai」. Sun Ao’s Critical Studies on the Book of Song says: 「dinghai is probably an error for dingsi. 」According to this, that month’s renyin was the first day; there was no dinghai, while the sixteenth day was dingsi. Sun’s view is accepted; the text is now corrected.
134
戊戌孫虨宋書考論云：「以前後辛酉己巳推之，戊戌必譌。」 按是年七月辛丑朔，二十一日辛酉，二十九日己巳，無戊戌。 疑是二十二日壬戌或二十八日戊辰之誤。
Wuxu: Sun Ao’s Critical Studies on the Book of Song says: 「Judging from the preceding xinyou and following jisi, wuxu must be corrupt. 」According to this, that year’s seventh month had xinchou as the first day; the twenty-first was xinyou and the twenty-ninth jisi—there was no wuxu. It is suspected to be an error for the twenty-second day renxu or the twenty-eighth day wuchen.
135
勤盡地利「勤」各本並作「勸」，據元龜一九一改。
Diligently exhaust the land’s benefit: In all editions 「diligently」 appears as 「urge」; emended according to the Yuan ce 191.
136
三月癸亥通鑑考異云：「宋本紀、宋略皆作癸亥，下有辛丑。 按長曆，是月戊戌朔，癸亥二十六日，辛丑乃四日也。 當作己亥。」
Third month guihai: Tongjian Collation Notes says: 「The Song annals and Song lüe both read guihai, with xinchou below. According to the long calendar, that month had wuxu as the first day; guihai was the twenty-sixth day, while xinchou was only the fourth day. It should read jihai.」
137
二月己丑下有丙寅。 按是月壬戌朔，初四日丙寅，二十八日己丑，己丑不當在丙寅前。 疑己丑是乙丑之譌，乙丑為二月初三日。
Second month jichou: Below this appears bingyin. According to this, that month had renxu as the first day; the fourth day was bingyin and the twenty-eighth jichou—jichou cannot precede bingyin. It is suspected that jichou is a corruption of yichou, and yichou was the third day of the second month.
138
有妨肄業「肄」各本並作「肆」，據元龜一九五改。
Hinder cultivation: In all editions 「cultivation」 appears as 「indulgence」; emended according to the Yuan ce 195.
139
九月丁亥按本月己丑朔，二十二日庚戌，是月無丁亥。
Ninth month dinghai: According to this month’s jichou as the first day and the twenty-second day gengxu, there was no dinghai in this month.
140
以大司馬垣護之為青冀二州刺史孫虨宋書考論云：「護之不得為大司馬，蓋大司馬僚佐也。 護之傳並脫。」
Grand Marshal Yuan Huzhi was made Inspector of Qing and Ji: Sun Ao’s Critical Studies on the Book of Song says: 「Huzhi could not have been Grand Marshal; he was probably a staff officer of the Grand Marshal. The biography of Huzhi is also defective.」 The biography of Huzhi is also defective.」
141
以新除御史中丞王翼為廣州刺史「王翼」當作「王翼之」。 張森楷校勘記云：「下大明六年作王翼之，武昌王渾傳作王翼之，此脫『之』字。」 按南北朝人名後之「之」字，有時可省略。
The newly appointed Supervisor of the Censorate Wang Yi was made Inspector of Guang: 「Wang Yi」 should read 「Wang Yizhi」. In Zhang Senkai’s collation notes: 「The sixth year of Daming has Wang Yizhi; the biography of Prince of Wuchang Hun also has Wang Yizhi—here the final 「zhi」 has been dropped. 」In names of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, this trailing 「zhi」 could sometimes be left out.
142
以北中郎諮議參軍費淹為交州刺史「北中郎」各本並作「北軍中郎」。 張森楷校勘記云：「北軍之廢久矣，當是北中郎諮議參軍，衍『軍』字。」 按張說是，今刪「軍」字。
Consultation Officer of the North Central Commandery Fei Yan, appointed Inspector of Jiao: Every edition reads 「North Army Central Commandery」 instead of 「North Central Commandery」. Zhang Senkai notes: 「The North Army office had long been abolished; the title should be Consultation Officer of the North Central Commandery—the extra 「Army」 is intrusive. 」Following Zhang, 「Army」 is removed from the text.
143
以尚書吏部郎王琨為廣州刺史各本並脫「郎」字，據南齊書王琨傳補。
Gentleman of the Ministry of Personnel Wang Kun, made Inspector of Guang: All editions omit 「lang」; the character is restored from the Wang Kun biography in the Book of Southern Qi.
144
以丹陽尹劉遵考為尚書右僕射「右僕射」各本並作「左僕射」，據通鑑改正。 按下大明三年春正月己丑，以右僕射劉遵考為領軍將軍。 劉遵考傳，孝建三年，為尚書右僕射。 則作「右僕射」為是。
Administrator of Danyang Liu Zunkao, made Minister of the Right: All editions say 「Minister of the Left」; the Comprehensive Mirror supports the correction to Right. On this basis, on jichou in the first month of the third year of Daming, Right Minister Liu Zunkao was made Colonel of the Garrison. Liu Zunkao’s biography places him as Minister of the Right in Xiaojian year 3. 「Minister of the Right」 is therefore the correct reading.
145
以東揚州為揚州「為」各本並作「隸」。 按州郡志，「孝建元年，分揚州之會稽、東陽、新安、永嘉、臨海五郡為東揚州。 大明三年，罷州 (揚州) ，以其地為王畿。 而東揚州直云揚州」。 豫章王子尚傳亦云，大明二年，「以浙江東為揚州」。 「隸」字顯誤。 今據通鑑、元龜一九六改。
Eastern Yang made Yangzhou: All editions read 「subordinated to」 for 「made」. The Monograph on Provinces and Commanderies records: 「In Xiaojian year 1, Kuaiji, Dongyang, Xin’an, Yongjia, and Linhai were split from Yangzhou to form Eastern Yang. In the third year of Daming the province was abolished (Yangzhou) , and its territory was incorporated into the metropolitan commandery. While Eastern Yang was referred to simply as Yangzhou」. Prince of Yuzhang Zishang’s biography likewise states that in the second year of Daming 「the region east of the Zhe was made Yangzhou」. 「Subordinated to」 is plainly wrong. The text is corrected per the Comprehensive Mirror and Yuan ce 196.
146
辛丑各本作「辛巳」，據局本及南史改。 張熷讀史舉正云：「按上書乙未，下書丁未，不當有辛巳，作辛丑是。」
Xinchou: All editions read 「xinsi」; corrected per the bureau edition and the History of the Southern Dynasties. Zhang Huang, Corrections in Reading History: 「With yiwei above and dingwei below, xinsi cannot stand; xinchou is right.」
147
義成太守薛繼考討斬之廿二史考異云：「案休茂傳，繼考為休茂盡力攻城，及休茂死，詐稱立義，乘驛還都，事泄伏誅。 則繼考乃黨於休茂者，紀所書誤。 南史云參軍尹玄慶起義斬之，為得其實。」 按休茂傳，言尹玄慶既斬休茂，繼考以兵脅行府州事劉恭之作啟，言繼考起義，因得封賞，尋事泄伏誅。 蓋國史誤仍當日記注，沈約竟不追改，而於休茂傳則詳述其事始末。
Administrator of Yicheng Xue Jikao “attacked and beheaded him”: Qian Daxin’s Notes on the Twenty-Two Histories observes that in Xiumao’s biography Jikao pressed the siege on Xiumao’s side; after Xiumao died he falsely claimed a loyal rising and rushed to the capital by post, was exposed, and executed. The annals therefore err. The History of the Southern Dynasties, attributing the deed to Consultation Officer Yin Xuanqing, matches what actually happened. 」In Xiumao’s biography, once Yin Xuanqing killed Xiumao, Jikao coerced the acting prefect Liu Gongzhi into memorializing a false “righteous rising” by Jikao; he was rewarded, then exposed and executed. The national history likely preserved a mistaken daily record; Shen Yue did not revise the annals, though Xiumao’s biography tells the whole story.
148
茲焉時矣各本並作「茲時篤矣」，據元龜一九四改。
“The time is now”: All editions read 「the time is earnest indeed」; Yuan ce 194 supplies the emendation.
149
尚書左僕射護軍將軍劉延孫卒「左僕射」各本並作「右僕射」，據南史改。 按前五年十月以劉延孫為尚書左僕射，見同卷。
Minister of the Left and Colonel of the Guard Liu Yansun died: All editions say 「Minister of the Right」; the History of the Southern Dynasties is followed. As noted earlier in this scroll, in the tenth month of year 5 Liu Yansun became Minister of the Left.
150
丁卯詔上林苑內民庶丘墓欲還合葬者各本並脫「丁卯詔」三字，據南史補。 按是月戊申朔，二十日丁卯。
Dingmao edict on Shanglin Park tombs: All editions omit 「dingmao edict」; restored from the History of the Southern Dynasties. That month began on wushen; dingmao fell on the twentieth day.
151
壬戌各本並作「壬寅」。 據南史、建康實錄、元龜二０七改。 按是月丙午朔，無壬寅，十七日壬戌。
Renxu: All editions read 「renyin」. Corrected per the History of the Southern Dynasties, Veritable Records of Jiankang, and Yuan ce 207. That month began on bingwu; there was no renyin—the seventeenth day was renxu.
152
普加沾賚「沾」各本並作「洽」，據元龜一九七改。
“Broadly add bounty”: All editions read 「harmony」 for 「bounty」; Yuan ce 197 is followed.
153
其罪甚重辟者「甚」通鑑作「應」，似是。
Crimes meriting the heaviest punishments: The Comprehensive Mirror’s 「should」 for 「merit」 is probably right.
154
丙申各本「丙申」上有「秋七月」。 按是年七月甲戌朔，初二日乙亥，二十三日丙申。 上已有「七月乙亥」，此「秋七月」三字衍，今刪。
Bingshen: All editions prefix this with 「seventh month of autumn」. That year’s seventh month began on jiaxu; the second day was yihai, the twenty-third bingshen. 「Seventh month yihai」 already appears above; the extra 「seventh month of autumn」 is deleted.
155
可即開行倉元龜一九五及二０五無「行」字。
“Open the traveling granaries at once”: Yuan ce 195 and 205 omit 「traveling」.
156
東諸郡大旱「大旱」各本並作「大獄」，據南史改。 洪頤煊諸史考異云：「大獄，當從南史作大旱。 故下文遣使開倉賑恤。」
“Great drought in the eastern commanderies”: All editions read 「great prisons」; the History of the Southern Dynasties is followed. Hong Yixuan, Critical Studies on the Various Histories: 「Great prisons should be emended to great drought which explains the order below to open granaries and relieve distress.」
157
壬寅按是月壬申朔，無壬寅，當有誤。
Renyin: That month began on renshen, so renyin cannot be correct—an error is likely.
158
遠近販鬻米粟者各本並脫「粟」字，據南史補。
Merchants selling rice and grain near and far: All editions drop 「grain」; the History of the Southern Dynasties restores it.
159
南徐州刺史新安王子鸞為撫軍將軍各本並脫「南」字，據子鸞傳補。
Southern Xu Inspector Prince of Xin’an Ziluan, made General Who Pacifies the Army: All editions omit 「Southern」; Ziluan’s biography supplies it.
160
若濟拯不時「濟」各本並作「溫」，據元龜一九五改。
“If relief is not timely”: All editions read 「warm」 for 「relief」; Yuan ce 195 is followed.