Volume 35 Treatises 25: Administrative Districts 1

1

志第二十五州郡一

Treatise 25: Administrative Districts, Part 1

2

○揚州南徐州徐州南兗州兗州

○ Yang, Southern Xu, Xu, Southern Yan, and Yan Provinces

3

唐堯之世，置十有二牧，及禹平水土，更制九州，冀州堯都，土界廣遠，濟、河為兗州，海、岱為青州，海、岱及淮為徐州，淮、海為揚州，荊及衡陽為荊州，荊、河為豫州，華陽、黑水為梁州，黑水、西河為雍州。自虞至殷，無所改變。周氏既有天下，以徐並青，以梁並雍，分冀州之地以為幽、並。漢初又立徐、梁二州。武帝攘卻胡、越，開地斥境，南置交趾，北置朔方，改雍曰涼，改梁曰益，凡為十三州，而司隸部三輔、三河諸郡。東京無複朔方，改交趾曰交州，凡十二州；司隸所部如故。及三國鼎歭，吳得揚、荊、交三州，蜀得益州，魏氏猶得九焉。吳又分交為廣。魏末平蜀，又分益為梁。晉武帝太康元年，天下一統，凡十有六州。後又分涼、雍為秦，分荊、揚為江，分益為寧，分幽為平，而為二十矣。

During the reign of Emperor Yao of Tang, twelve regional overseers were appointed. After Yu brought the floods under control and settled the land, he reorganized the realm into nine provinces. Jizhou, where Yao had his capital, encompassed a vast extent of territory. Yan was defined by the Ji and Yellow rivers; Qing by the sea and Mount Tai; Xu by the sea, Mount Tai, and the Huai; Yang by the Huai and the sea; Jing by the Jing region and Mount Hengyang; Yu by the Jing region and the Yellow River; Liang by Mount Huayang and the Black Water; and Yong by the Black Water and the Western River. From the Xia through the Shang, the arrangement remained unchanged. Once the Zhou held the empire, they annexed Xu to Qing and Liang to Yong, and carved out You and Bing from the lands of Jizhou. In the early Han, Xu and Liang were re-established as separate provinces. Emperor Wu drove back the northern and southern barbarians, expanded the frontiers, set up Jiaozhi in the south and Shuofang in the north, renamed Yong as Liang and Liang as Yi, and thus made thirteen provinces in all, with the metropolitan Directorate of the Minister of Works overseeing the Three Metropolitan Areas and the Three He commanderies. Under the Eastern Han, Shuofang was abolished and Jiaozhi was renamed Jiao Province, leaving twelve provinces in all; while the metropolitan Directorate's jurisdiction stayed as before. When the three kingdoms divided the realm, Wu held Yang, Jing, and Jiao; Shu held Yi; and Wei retained nine provinces. Wu later split Jiao to create Guang Province. After Wei conquered Shu at the end of the period, Yi was further divided to form Liang. In the first year of Taikang (280), when Emperor Wu of Jin reunified the empire, there were sixteen provinces in all. Later, Qin was split from Liang and Yong, Jiang from Jing and Yang, Ning from Yi, and Ping from You, bringing the total to twenty.

4

自夷狄亂華，司、冀、雍、涼、青、並、兗、豫、幽、平諸州一時淪沒，遺民南渡，並僑置牧司，非舊土也。江左又分荊為湘，或離或合，凡有揚、荊、湘、江、梁、益、交、廣，其徐州則有過半，豫州唯得譙城而已。及至宋世，分揚州為南徐，徐州為南兗，揚州之江西悉屬豫州；分荊為雍，分荊、湘為郢，分荊為司，分廣為越，分青為冀，分梁為南北秦。太宗初，索虜南侵，青、冀、徐、兗及豫州淮西，並皆不守；自淮以北，化成虜庭。於是于鐘離置徐州，淮陰為北兗，而青、冀二州治贛榆之縣。今志大較以大明八年為正，其後分派，隨事記列。內史、侯、相，則以升明末為定焉。

After the northern peoples threw the Central Plains into chaos, Si, Ji, Yong, Liang, Qing, Bing, Yan, Yu, You, and Ping were overrun in a single stroke. Refugees fled south, and provincial administrations were set up as exclave jurisdictions far from their original territories. South of the Yangzi, Jing was further split to form Xiang, with boundaries shifting repeatedly. The realm held Yang, Jing, Xiang, Jiang, Liang, Yi, Jiao, and Guang; of Xu, somewhat more than half; of Yu, only the city of Qiao. By the Liu Song period, Southern Xu was carved from Yang, Southern Yan from Xu, and all lands west of the Yangzi that had belonged to Yang were transferred to Yu; Yong was split from Jing, Ying from Jing and Xiang, Si from Jing, Yue from Guang, Ji from Qing, and Northern and Southern Qin from Liang. Early in Emperor Xiaowen's reign, the Northern Wei drove south; Qing, Ji, Xu, Yan, and the lands west of the Huai in Yu were all lost; and everything north of the Huai became enemy-held land. Xu was then re-established at Zhongli, Huaiyin served as Northern Yan, and Qing and Ji were administered from the county of Ganyu. This treatise generally takes the eighth year of Daming (464) as its baseline; subsequent changes are noted as they arose. For metropolitan prefectures, marquisates, and princely chancelleries, the standard is the end of the Shengming era (477).

5

地理參差，其詳難舉，實由名號驟易，境土屢分，或一郡一縣，割成四五；四五之中，亟有離合，千回百改，巧曆不算，尋校推求，未易精悉。今以班固馬彪二志、太康元康定戶、王隱《地道》、晉世《起居》、《永初郡國》、何徐《州郡》及地理雜書，互相考覆。且三國無志，事出帝紀，雖立郡時見，而置縣不書。今唯以《續漢郡國》校《太康地志》，參伍異同，用相征驗。自漢至宋，郡縣無移改者，則注雲「漢舊」，其有回徙，隨源甄別。若唯雲「某無」者，則此前皆有也。若不注置立，史闕也。

The geography is too irregular to recount in full detail, chiefly because names changed abruptly and boundaries were redrawn again and again—a single commandery or county might be split into four or five parts; and those fragments in turn were repeatedly merged and split. After countless changes, even the most skilled calculator could not track them all; cross-checking the sources does not yield perfect certainty. The present account cross-checks Ban Gu's and Ma Biao's treatises, the Taikang and Yuankang household registers, Wang Yin's Topography of the Land, the Jin court diaries, the Yongchu Commanderies and States, He and Xu's work on provinces and commanderies, and various other geographical compilations. Moreover, no geographical treatise survives for the Three Kingdoms period; what is known comes from imperial annals. Commandery foundations are sometimes noted, but county foundations are not recorded. Here the Continuation of Han Commanderies and States is checked against the Taikang Gazetteer of the Land, and discrepancies between them are weighed against each other for verification. Commanderies and counties unchanged since Han are marked "Han old"; those that were moved or renamed are traced to their origins. When an entry simply says that a given work "does not mention" a place, that place existed in earlier sources. When no date of establishment is given, the historical record is silent on the point.

6

揚州刺史，前漢刺史未有所治它州同，後漢治曆陽，魏、晉治壽春，晉平吳治建業。成帝咸康四年，僑立魏郡別見，肥鄉別見、元城漢舊縣，晉屬陽平二縣，後省元城。又僑立廣川郡別見，領廣川一縣，宋初省為縣，隸魏郡。江左又立高陽別見、堂邑二郡別見，高陽領北新城別見、博陸博陸縣，霍光所封，而二漢無，晉屬高陽。二縣。堂邑，領堂邑一縣，後省堂邑並高陽，又省高陽並魏郡，並隸揚州，寄治京邑。文帝元嘉十一年省，以其民並建康。孝建元年，分揚州之會稽、東陽、新安、永嘉、臨海五郡為東揚州。大明三年罷州，以其地為王畿，以南台侍御史部諸郡，如從事之部傳焉，而東揚州直雲揚州。八年，罷王畿，複立揚州，揚州還為東揚州。前廢帝永光元年，省東揚州並揚州。順帝升明三年，改揚州刺史曰牧。領郡十，領縣八十。戶一十四萬三千二百九十六，口一百四十五萬五千六百八十五。

Inspector of Yang Province: under Former Han the inspector had no fixed seat, as with other provinces; under Later Han the seat was at Liyang; under Wei and Jin at Shouchun; after Jin conquered Wu, at Jianye. In the fourth year of Xiankang (338), a frontier Wei Commandery was established (see elsewhere), along with Feixiang (see elsewhere) and Yuancheng, a Han-era county that under Jin belonged to Yangping; Yuancheng was later abolished. A frontier Guangchuan Commandery was also set up (see elsewhere), governing only the county of Guangchuan; early in the Song it was reduced to a county subordinate to Wei Commandery. South of the Yangzi, frontier Gaoyang Commandery (see elsewhere) and Tangyi Commandery (see elsewhere) were also established. Gaoyang governed Beixin (see elsewhere) and Bolu. Bolu was the fief granted to Huo Guang and did not exist in either Han dynasty; under Jin it belonged to Gaoyang. These were its two counties. Tangyi governed only the county of Tangyi; later Tangyi was abolished and merged into Gaoyang, and Gaoyang in turn was merged into Wei Commandery. All were subordinated to Yang Province and administered from the capital as attached jurisdictions. In the eleventh year of Yuanjia (434) it was abolished and its population incorporated into Jiankang. In the first year of Xiaojian (454), Kuaiji, Dongyang, Xin'an, Yongjia, and Linhai were split from Yang to form Eastern Yang Province. In the third year of Daming (459) the province was abolished and its territory made the royal domain, with a Southern Terrace attendant censor supervising its commanderies in the manner of a provincial staff. Eastern Yang was meanwhile renamed simply Yang Province. In the eighth year (464) the royal domain was abolished, Yang was re-established, and what had been Yang reverted to Eastern Yang. In the first year of Yongguang (465), under the Deposed Former Emperor, Eastern Yang was abolished and merged into Yang. In the third year of Shengming (479), under Emperor Shun, the inspector of Yang was redesignated governor. It governed ten commanderies and eighty counties. Registered households: 143,296; population: 1,455,685.

7

丹陽尹，秦鄣郡，治今吳興之故鄣縣。漢初屬吳國，吳王濞反敗，屬江都國。武帝元封二年，為丹陽郡，治今宣城之宛陵縣。晉武帝太康二年，分丹陽為宣城郡，治宛陵，而丹陽移治建業。元帝太興元年，改為尹。領縣八。戶四萬一千一十，口二十三萬七千三百四十一。建康令，本秣陵縣。漢獻帝建安十六年置縣，孫權改秣陵為建業。晉武帝平吳，還為秣陵。太康三年，分秣陵之水北為建業。愍帝即位，避帝諱，改為建康。秣陵令，其地本名金陵，秦始皇改。本治去京邑六十里，今故治邨是也。晉安帝義熙九年，移治京邑，在鬭場。恭帝元熙元年，省揚州府禁防參軍，縣移治其處。

Intendant of Danyang: the Qin commandery of Zhang, with its seat at present-day Guzhang County in Wuxing. At the beginning of Han it belonged to the kingdom of Wu; after Wu King Bi's rebellion was defeated, it belonged to the kingdom of Jiangdu. In the second year of Yuanfeng under Emperor Wu (109 BCE), it became Danyang Commandery, with its seat at Wanling County in present-day Xuancheng. In the second year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (281), Xuancheng Commandery was split off from Danyang and seated at Wanling, while Danyang moved its seat to Jianye. In the first year of Taixing under Emperor Yuan (318), it was changed into an intendantship. It governed eight counties. It had 41,010 registered households and a population of 237,341. Magistrate of Jiankang: originally Moling County. The county was established in the sixteenth year of Jian'an under Emperor Xian of Han (211), and Sun Quan changed Moling's name to Jianye. After Emperor Wu of Jin pacified Wu, it was restored as Moling. In the third year of Taikang (282), the part of Moling north of the river was split off as Jianye. When Emperor Min came to the throne, it was changed to Jiankang to avoid the emperor's taboo name. Magistrate of Moling: the place was originally called Jinling; the First Emperor of Qin changed the name. Its original seat lay sixty li from the capital; it is present-day Guzhi Village. In the ninth year of Yixi under Emperor An of Jin (413), its seat was moved into the capital, at the arena. In the first year of Yuanxi under Emperor Gong (419), the Yangzhou prefecture's defense adjutant office was abolished, and the county seat moved to that site.

8

丹楊令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Danyang: a county dating from the Han.

9

江寧令，晉武帝太康元年，分秣陵立臨江縣。二年，更名。永世令，吳分溧陽為永平縣，晉武帝太康元年更名。惠帝世，度屬義興，尋復舊。義興又有平陵縣，董覽吳地志云：「晉分永世。」太康、永寧地志並無，疑是江左立。文帝元嘉九年，以併永世、溧陽二縣。溧陽令，漢舊縣。吳省為屯田。晉武帝太康元年復立。湖熟令，漢舊縣。吳省為典農都尉。晉武帝太康元年復立。

Magistrate of Jiangning: in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280), Linjiang County was created by splitting off from Moling. It was renamed in the second year. Magistrate of Yongshi: Wu created Yongping County from Liyang; it was renamed in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280). In Emperor Hui's time it was transferred to Yixing, then soon restored to its old affiliation. Yixing also had Pingling County; Dong Lan's Gazetteer of Wu says, "Jin split it off from Yongshi." It is absent from both the Taikang and Yongning geographies, so it was probably established south of the Yangzi. In the ninth year of Yuanjia under Emperor Wen (432), it was merged into Yongshi and Liyang counties. Magistrate of Liyang: a county dating from the Han. Wu abolished it and made it a tuntian agricultural colony. It was restored in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280). Magistrate of Hushu: a county dating from the Han. Wu abolished the county and made it an agricultural commandancy. It was restored in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280).

10

句容令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Jurong: a county dating from the Han.

11

會稽太守，秦立，治吳。漢順帝永建四年，分會稽為吳郡，會稽移治山陰。領縣十，戶五萬二千二百二十八，口三十四萬八千一十四。去京都水一千三百五十五，陸同。

Grand Administrator of Kuaiji: established under Qin, with its seat at Wu. In the fourth year of Yongjian (129), Kuaiji was split to form Wu Commandery, and the seat of Kuaiji was moved to Shanyin. It governed ten counties, with 52,228 registered households and a population of 348,014. Distance from the capital: 1,355 li by water, the same by land.

12

山陰令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Shanyin: a county dating from the Han.

13

永興令，漢舊餘暨縣，吳更名。

Magistrate of Yongxing: the Han county of Yuji, renamed under Wu.

14

上虞令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Shangyu: a county dating from the Han.

15

余姚令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Yuyao: a county dating from the Han.

16

剡令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Shan: a county dating from the Han.

17

諸暨令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Zhuji: a county dating from the Han.

18

始甯令，何承天志，漢末分上虞立。賀《續會稽記》雲：「順帝永建四年，分上虞南鄉立。」《續漢志》無。《晉太康三年地志》有。

Magistrate of Shining: according to He Chengtian's gazetteer, established late in Han by splitting off from Shangyu. Hei's Continuation of the Kuaiji Record states: "In the fourth year of Yongjian under Emperor Shun, it was established from the southern district of Shangyu." The Continuation of the Han Treatise does not mention it. The Jin Gazetteer of the Land for the third year of Taikang (282) does.

19

句章令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Juzhang: a county dating from the Han.

20

鄮令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Mao: a county dating from the Han.

21

鄞令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Yin: a county dating from the Han.

22

吳郡太守，分會稽立。孝武大明七年，度屬南徐。八年，復舊。領縣十二，戶五萬四百八十八，口四十二萬四千八百一十二。去京都水六百七十，陸五百二十。

Grand Administrator of Wu Commandery: established by splitting off from Kuaiji. In the seventh year of Daming (463), it was transferred to Southern Xu. In the eighth year (464) it reverted to its former jurisdiction. It governed twelve counties, with 50,488 registered households and a population of 424,812. Distance from the capital: 670 li by water, 520 li by land.

23

吳令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Wu: a county dating from the Han.

24

婁令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Lou: a county dating from the Han.

25

嘉興令，此地本名長水，秦改曰由拳。吳孫權黃龍四年，由拳縣生嘉禾，改曰禾興。孫皓父名和，又改名曰嘉興。

Magistrate of Jiaxing: this place was originally called Changshui and was renamed Youquan under Qin. In the fourth year of Huanglong (232), Youquan produced an auspicious grain crop and was renamed Hexing. Because Sun Hao's father's name was He, it was renamed again as Jiaxing.

26

海虞令，晉武帝太康四年，分吳縣之虞鄉立。

Magistrate of Haiyu: established in the fourth year of Taikang (283) by splitting off the Yuxiang district of Wu County.

27

海鹽令，漢舊縣。《吳記》雲：「本名武原鄉，秦以為海鹽縣。」

Magistrate of Haiyan: a county dating from the Han. The Wu Record states: "It was originally Wuyuan Township and was made Haiyan County under Qin."

28

鹽官令，漢舊縣。《吳記》雲：「鹽官本屬嘉興，吳立為海昌都尉治，此後改為縣。」非也。

Magistrate of Yanguan: a county dating from the Han. The Wu Record claims: "Yanguan originally belonged to Jiaxing; Wu made it the seat of the Haichang commandant, and it was later converted to a county." This is incorrect.

29

錢唐令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Qiantang: a county dating from the Han.

30

富陽令，漢舊縣。本曰富春。孫權黃武四年，以為東安郡；七年，省。晉簡文鄭太后諱「春」，孝武改曰富陽。

Magistrate of Fuyang: a county dating from the Han. It was originally called Fuchun. In the fourth year of Huangwu (225) it was made Dong'an Commandery; and in the seventh year (228) abolished. Because Empress Dowager Zheng of Emperor Jianwen tabooed the character "chun", Emperor Xiaowu renamed it Fuyang.

31

新城令，浙江西南名為桐溪，吳立為新城縣，後並桐廬。《晉太康地志》無。張勃云：「晉末立。」疑是太康末立，尋復省也。晉成帝咸和九年又立。

Magistrate of Xincheng: the region southwest of the Zhe River was called Tongxi; Wu established Xincheng County here, which was later merged with Tonglu. The Jin Taikang Gazetteer of the Land does not mention it. Zhang Bo states: "It was established at the end of Jin." It may have been established late in the Taikang era and soon abolished again. It was re-established in the ninth year of Xianhe (334).

32

建德令，吳分富春立。

Magistrate of Jiande: established under Wu by splitting off from Fuchun.

33

桐廬令，吳分富春立。

Magistrate of Tonglu: established under Wu by splitting off from Fuchun.

34

壽昌令，吳分富春立新昌縣，晉武帝太康元年更名。吳興太守，孫晧寶鼎元年，分吳、丹陽立。

Magistrate of Shouchang: Wu created Xinchang County from Fuchun; it was renamed in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280). Grand Administrator of Wuxing: established in the first year of Baoding under Sun Hao (266) by splitting off from Wu and Danyang.

35

領縣十。

It governed ten counties.

36

戶四萬九千六百九，口三十一萬六千一百七十三。去京都水九百五十，陸五百七十。

It had 49,609 registered households and a population of 316,173. Distance from the capital: 950 li by water, 570 li by land.

37

烏程令，漢舊縣，先屬吳。

Magistrate of Wucheng: a Han-era county formerly under Wu Commandery.

38

東遷令，晉武帝太康三年，分烏程立。後廢帝元徽四年，更名東安。順帝昇明元年復舊。武康令，吳分烏程、餘杭立永安縣，晉武帝太康元年更名。

Magistrate of Dongqian: established in the third year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (282) by splitting off from Wucheng. In the fourth year of Yuanhui under the Later Deposed Emperor (476), it was renamed Dong'an. In the first year of Shengming under Emperor Shun (477), the old name was restored. Magistrate of Wukang: Wu created Yong'an County from parts of Wucheng and Yuhang; it was renamed in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280).

39

長城令，晉武帝太康三年，分烏程立。

Magistrate of Changcheng: established in the third year of Taikang (282) by splitting off from Wucheng.

40

原鄉令，漢靈帝中平二年，分故鄣立。

Magistrate of Yuanxiang: established in the second year of Zhongping (185) by splitting off from Guzhang.

41

故鄣令，漢舊縣，先屬丹陽。

Magistrate of Guzhang: a Han-era county formerly under Danyang.

42

安吉令，漢靈帝中平二年，分故鄣立。

Magistrate of Anji: established in the second year of Zhongping (185) by splitting off from Guzhang.

43

余杭令，漢舊縣，先屬吳。

Magistrate of Yuhang: a Han-era county formerly under Wu Commandery.

44

臨安令，吳分餘杭為臨水縣，晉武帝太康元年更名。

Magistrate of Lin'an: Wu split it from Yuhang as Linshui County; it was renamed in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280).

45

於潛令，漢舊縣，先屬丹陽。

Magistrate of Yuqian: a Han-era county formerly under Danyang.

46

淮南太守，秦立為九江郡，兼得廬江豫章。漢高帝四年，更名淮南國，分立豫章郡，文帝又分為廬江郡。武帝元狩元年，複為九江郡，治壽春縣。後漢徙治陰陵縣。魏複曰淮南，徙治壽春。晉武帝太康元年，複立曆陽別見、當塗、逡道諸縣，二年，複立鐘離縣別見，並二漢舊縣也。三國時，江淮為戰爭之地，其間不居者各數百里，此諸縣並在江北淮南，虛其地，無複民戶。吳平，民各還本，故複立焉。其後中原亂，胡寇屢南侵，淮南民多南度。成帝初，蘇峻、祖約為亂于江淮，胡寇又大至，民南度江者轉多，乃於江南僑立淮南郡及諸縣。晉末，遂割丹陽之於湖縣為淮南境。宋孝武大明六年，以淮南郡並宣城，宣城郡徙治於湖。八年，複立淮南郡，屬南豫州。明帝泰始三年，還屬揚州。領縣六，戶五千三百六十二，口二萬五千八百四十。去京都水一百七十，陸一百四十。

Grand Administrator of Huainan: established under Qin as Jiujiang Commandery, which also encompassed Lujiang and Yuzhang. In the fourth year of Gaodi (203 BCE) it was renamed the Huainan state; Yuzhang was split off, and under Emperor Wen Lujiang Commandery was created. In the first year of Yuanshou (122 BCE) it was again made Jiujiang Commandery, with its seat at Shouchun. Under Later Han the seat was moved to Yinling County. Under Wei it was again called Huainan and the seat returned to Shouchun. In the first year of Taikang (280), Liyang (see elsewhere), Dangtu, and Xundao were re-established; in the second year Zhongli (see elsewhere) was as well—all counties dating from the Han. During the Three Kingdoms the Yangzi-Huai region was a war zone, with uninhabited belts hundreds of li wide. These counties lay north of the Yangzi on the Huainan side; their lands stood empty and their populations had vanished. After Wu was conquered, the people returned home and the counties were re-established. Later, as the north fell into chaos and invaders pushed south repeatedly, many Huainan people fled south. Early in Emperor Cheng's reign, Su Jun and Zu Yue rebelled along the Yangzi and Huai, and northern invaders swept in again. As ever more refugees crossed the Yangzi, a frontier Huainan Commandery and its counties were set up south of the river. Late in Jin, Yuhu County in Danyang was carved off to form Huainan's jurisdiction. In the sixth year of Daming (462), Huainan was merged into Xuancheng, and Xuancheng moved its seat to Yuhu. In the eighth year (464) Huainan was re-established under Southern Yu Province. In the third year of Taishi (467) it was returned to Yang Province. It governed six counties, with 5,362 registered households and a population of 25,840. Distance from the capital: 170 li by water, 140 li by land.

47

于湖令，晉武帝太康二年，分丹楊縣立，本吳督農校尉治。

Magistrate of Yuhu: established in the second year of Taikang (281) by splitting off from Danyang; originally the seat of Wu's Director of Agricultural Colonies.

48

當塗令，晉成帝世，與逡道俱立為僑縣，晉末分於湖為境。

Magistrate of Dangtu: under Emperor Cheng of Jin, established with Xundao as a frontier county; late in Jin its territory was carved from Yuhu.

49

繁昌令，漢舊名，本屬潁川。魏分潁川為襄城，又屬焉。晉亂，省襄城郡，以此縣屬淮南，割於湖為境。

Magistrate of Fanchang: a Han-era name originally belonging to Yingchuan. Under Wei, Yingchuan was split to form Xiangcheng, to which it then belonged. During the Jin disorders Xiangcheng Commandery was abolished and the county placed under Huainan, with territory carved from Yuhu.

50

襄垣令，其地本蕪湖。蕪湖縣，漢舊縣。至於晉末，立襄垣縣，屬上黨。上党民南過江，立僑郡縣，寄治蕪湖，後省上黨郡為縣，屬淮南。文帝元嘉九年，省上黨縣並襄垣。

Magistrate of Xiangyuan: its territory was originally Wuhu. Wuhu County: a county dating from the Han. By the end of Jin, Xiangyuan County was established under Shangdang. Refugees from Shangdang crossed the Yangzi and set up frontier commanderies and counties administered from Wuhu; later Shangdang Commandery was reduced to a county under Huainan. In the ninth year of Yuanjia (432) Shangdang County was abolished and merged into Xiangyuan.

51

定陵令，漢舊名，本屬襄城，後割蕪湖為境。

Magistrate of Dingling: a Han-era name originally belonging to Xiangcheng; later its territory was carved from Wuhu.

52

逡道令，漢作逡遒，晉作逡道，後分蕪湖為境。

Magistrate of Xundao: written Xunqiu in Han and Xundao in Jin; later its territory was carved from Wuhu.

53

宣城太守，晉武帝太康元年，分丹陽立。領縣十。戶一萬一百二十，口四萬七千九百九十二。去京都水五百八十，陸五百。

Grand Administrator of Xuancheng: established in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280) by splitting off from Danyang. It governed ten counties. It had 10,120 registered households and a population of 47,992. Distance from the capital: 580 li by water and 500 li by land.

54

宛陵令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Wanling: a county dating from the Han.

55

廣德令，何志云：「漢舊縣。」《二漢志》並無，疑是吳所立。

Magistrate of Guangde: He's Gazetteer states: "A Han-era county." Neither Treatise of the Two Han mentions it; it was likely established under Wu.

56

懷安令，吳立。

Magistrate of Huai'an: established under Wu.

57

寧國令，吳立。

Magistrate of Ningguo: established under Wu.

58

宣城令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Xuancheng: a county dating from the Han.

59

安吳令，吳立。

Magistrate of Anwu: established under Wu.

60

涇令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Jing: a county dating from the Han.

61

臨城令，吳立。

Magistrate of Lincheng: established under Wu.

62

廣陽令，漢舊縣曰陵陽，子明得仙於此縣山，故以為名。晉成帝杜皇后諱「陵」，咸康四年更名。

Magistrate of Guangyang: the Han county was called Lingyang, renamed for Ziming, who attained immortality on a mountain here. Because Empress Dowager Du of Emperor Cheng tabooed the character "ling", it was renamed in the fourth year of Xiankang (338).

63

石城令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Shicheng: a county dating from the Han.

64

東陽太守，本會稽西部都尉，吳孫皓寶鼎元年立。領縣九，戶一萬六千二十二，口一十萬七千九百六十五。去京都水一千七百，陸同。

Grand Administrator of Dongyang: originally the Western Commandant of Kuaiji; established in the first year of Baoding (266) under Sun Hao. It governed nine counties, with 16,022 registered households and a population of 107,965. Distance from the capital: 1,700 li by water, the same by land.

65

長山令，漢獻帝初平二年，分烏傷立。

Magistrate of Changshan: established in the second year of Chuping (191) by splitting off from Wushang.

66

太末令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Taimo: a county dating from the Han.

67

烏傷令。

Magistrate of Wushang.

68

永康令，赤烏八年，分烏傷上浦立。

Magistrate of Yongkang: established in the eighth year of Chiwu (245) from the Shangpu district of Wushang.

69

信安令，漢獻帝初平三年，分太末立曰新安。晉武帝太康元年更名。

Magistrate of Xin'an: established in the third year of Chuping under Emperor Xian of Han (192) by splitting off from Taimo; it was named Xin'an. It was renamed in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280).

70

吳寧令，漢獻帝興平二年，孫氏分諸暨立。

Magistrate of Wuning: established in the second year of Xingping (195) by the Sun clan from Zhuji.

71

豐安令，漢獻帝興平二年，孫氏分諸暨立。

Magistrate of Feng'an: established in the second year of Xingping (195) by the Sun clan from Zhuji.

72

定陽令，漢獻帝建安二十三年，孫氏分信安立。

Magistrate of Dingyang: established in the twenty-third year of Jian'an (218) by the Sun clan from Xin'an.

73

遂昌令，孫權赤烏二年，分太末立曰平昌。晉武帝太康元年更名。

Magistrate of Suichang: established in the second year of Chiwu under Sun Quan (239) by splitting off from Taimo; it was named Pingchang. It was renamed in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280).

74

臨海太守，本會稽東部都尉。前漢都尉治鄞，後漢分會稽為吳郡，疑是都尉徙治章安也。孫亮太平二年立。領縣五，戶三千九百六十一，口二萬四千二百二十六。去京都水二千一十九，陸同。

Grand Administrator of Linhai: originally the Eastern Commandant of Kuaiji. Under Former Han the commandant was at Yin; after Later Han split Kuaiji to form Wu Commandery, the commandant likely moved to Zhang'an. Established in the second year of Taiping (257) under Sun Liang. It governed five counties, with 3,961 registered households and a population of 24,226. Distance from the capital: 2,019 li by water, the same by land.

75

章安令，《續漢志》：「故治，閩中地，光武更名。」《晉太康記》：「本鄞縣南之回浦鄉，漢章帝章和中立。」未詳孰是。

Magistrate of Zhang'an: the Continuation of the Han Treatise states: "Former seat in Min territory; renamed under Emperor Guangwu." The Jin Taikang Record states: "Originally Huipu Township south of Yin County; established in the Zhanghe era under Emperor Zhang." It is unclear which account is correct.

76

臨海令，吳分章安立。

Magistrate of Linhai: established under Wu by splitting off from Zhang'an.

77

始豐令，吳立曰始平，晉武帝太康元年更名。

Magistrate of Shifeng: established by Wu as Shiping, then renamed in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280).

78

甯海令，何志，漢舊縣。按《二漢志》、《晉太康地志》無。

Magistrate of Ninghai: in He's Gazetteer, a Han-era county. Neither the Treatises of the Two Han nor the Jin Taikang Gazetteer of the Land mentions it.

79

樂安令，晉康帝分始豐立。

Magistrate of Le'an: established under Emperor Kang of Jin by splitting off from Shifeng.

80

永嘉太守，晉明帝太寧元年，分臨海立。領縣五。戶六千二百五十，口三萬六千六百八十。去京都水二千八百，陸二千六百四十。永寧令，漢順帝永建四年，分章安東甌鄉立，或雲順帝永和三年立。

Grand Administrator of Yongjia: established in the first year of Taining under Emperor Ming of Jin (323) by splitting off from Linhai. It governed five counties. It had 6,250 registered households and a population of 36,680. Distance from the capital: 2,800 li by water and 2,640 li by land. Magistrate of Yongning: established in the fourth year of Yongjian (129) from the Dong'ou township of Zhang'an—or possibly in the third year of Yonghe (138).

81

安固令，吳立曰羅陽，孫晧改曰安陽。晉武帝太康元年更名。

Magistrate of Angu: Wu established it under the name Luoyang; Sun Hao renamed it Anyang. It was renamed in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280).

82

松陽令，吳立。

Magistrate of Songyang: established under Wu.

83

樂成令，晉孝武甯康三年，分永寧立。

Magistrate of Yuecheng: established in the third year of Ningkang (375) by splitting off from Yongning.

84

橫陽令，晉武帝太康四年，以橫藇船屯為始陽，仍複更名。

Magistrate of Hengyang: in the fourth year of Taikang (283), the Hengao ship station became Shiyang and was soon renamed again.

85

新安太守，漢獻帝建安十三年，孫權分丹陽立曰新都，晉武帝太康元年更名。領縣五。戶一萬二千五十八，口三萬六千六百五十一。去京都水一千八百六十，陸一千八百。

Grand Administrator of Xin'an: Sun Quan established it from Danyang as Xindu in the thirteenth year of Jian'an under Emperor Xian of Han (208); it was renamed in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280). It governed five counties. It had 12,058 registered households and a population of 36,651. Distance from the capital: 1,860 li by water and 1,800 li by land.

86

始新令，孫權分歙立。

Magistrate of Shixin: established by Sun Quan by splitting off from She.

87

遂安令，孫權分歙為新定縣，晉武帝太康元年更名。

The magistracy of Suian: Sun Quan divided She to establish Xinding County, and in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin its name was changed.

88

歙令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of She: a county dating from the Han.

89

海寧令，孫權分歙為休陽縣，晉武帝太康元年更名。分歙置諸縣之始，又分置黎陽縣，大明八年，省併海寧。

Magistrate of Haining: Sun Quan split it from She as Xiuyang County; it was renamed in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280). This began the partition of She into counties; Liyang County was later split off as well, then abolished and merged into Haining in the eighth year of Daming (464).

90

黟令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Yi: a county dating from the Han.

91

南徐州刺史，晉永嘉大亂，幽、冀、青、並、兗州及徐州之淮北流民，相率過淮，亦有過江在晉陵郡界者。晉成帝鹹和四年，司空郗鑒又徙流民之在淮南者于晉陵諸縣，其徙過江南及留在江北者，並立僑郡縣以司牧之。徐、兗二州或治江北，江北又僑立幽、冀、青、並四州。安帝義熙七年，始分淮北為北徐，淮南猶為徐州。後又以幽、冀合徐，青、併合兗。武帝永初二年，加徐州曰南徐，而淮北但曰徐。文帝元嘉八年，更以江北為南兗州，江南為南徐州，治京口，割揚州之晉陵、兗州之九郡僑在江南者屬焉，故南徐州備有徐、兗、幽、冀、青、並、揚七州郡邑。《永初二年郡國志》又有南沛、南下邳、廣平、廣陵、盱眙、鐘離、海陵、山陽八郡。南沛、廣陵、海陵、山陽、盱眙、鐘離割屬南兗，南下邳並南彭城，廣平並南泰山。今領郡十七，縣六十三，戶七萬二千四百七十二，口四十二萬六百四十。去京都水二百四十，陸二百。

Inspector of Southern Xu Province: during the great upheaval of the Yongjia era (307–313), refugees from You, Ji, Qing, Bing, Yan, and northern Xu north of the Huai fled across the Huai in waves; some also crossed the Yangzi into Jingling Commandery. In the fourth year of Xianhe (329), Minister of Works Xi Jian relocated Huainan refugees into Jingling's counties; those south of the Yangzi or still north of it were given frontier commanderies and counties to govern them. Xu and Yan were sometimes administered north of the Yangzi, where frontier You, Ji, Qing, and Bing were also established. In the seventh year of Yixi (411), the north of the Huai was first made Northern Xu, while Huainan remained Xu Province. Later You and Ji were merged into Xu, and Qing into Yan. In the second year of Yongchu (421), Xu was prefixed as Southern Xu, while the north of the Huai was simply Xu. In the eighth year of Yuanjia (431), the north of the Yangzi became Southern Yan and the south Southern Xu, seated at Jingkou; Jingling in Yang and nine Yan commanderies south of the Yangzi were placed under it, so Southern Xu encompassed jurisdictions of Xu, Yan, You, Ji, Qing, Bing, and Yang. The Yongchu second-year Commanderies and States Gazetteer also lists Southern Pei, Southern Xiapi, Guangping, Guangling, Xuyi, Zhongli, Hailing, and Shanyang. Southern Pei, Guangling, Hailing, Shanyang, Xuyi, and Zhongli were transferred to Southern Yan; Southern Xiapi was merged into Southern Pengcheng and Guangping into Southern Taishan. It now governs seventeen commanderies and sixty-three counties, with 72,472 registered households and a population of 420,640. Distance from the capital: 240 li by water, 200 li by land.

92

南東海太守東海郡別見，晉元帝初，割吳郡海虞縣之北境為東海郡，立郯、朐、利城三縣，而祝其、襄賁等縣寄治曲阿。穆帝永和中，郡移出京口，郯等三縣亦寄治於京。文帝元嘉八年立南徐，以東海為治下郡，以丹徒屬焉。郯、利城並為實土。《永初郡國》有襄賁別見、祝其、厚丘並漢舊名、西隰何江左立四縣，文帝元嘉十二年，省厚丘並襄賁。何、徐無厚丘，餘與《永初郡國》同。其襄賁、祝其、西隰，是徐志後所省也。領縣六，戶五千三百四十二，口三萬三千六百五十八。

Grand Administrator of Southern Donghai: Donghai Commandery (see elsewhere). Early under Emperor Yuan of Jin, the northern part of Haiyu in Wu was carved off as Donghai Commandery, with Tan, Ju, and Licheng established while Zhugai and Xiangben were administered from Qu'a. Under Emperor Mu in the Yonghe era the seat moved out of Jingkou, and Tan and the other three were administered from the capital. In the eighth year of Yuanjia (431) Southern Xu was established; Donghai became its metropolitan commandery and Dantu was placed under it. Tan and Licheng both became territories with actual jurisdiction. The Yongchu Commanderies and States lists Xiangben (see elsewhere), Zhugai, Houqiu (all Han-era names), and Xixi, established south of the Yangzi; in the twelfth year of Yuanjia (435) Houqiu was abolished and merged into Xiangben. He and Xu omit Houqiu; the rest matches the Yongchu gazetteer. Xiangben, Zhugai, and Xixi were abolished later in Xu's gazetteer. It governed six counties, with 5,342 registered households and a population of 33,658.

93

郯令，漢舊名。文帝元嘉八年，分丹徒之峴西為境。

Magistrate of Tan: a Han-era name. In the eighth year of Yuanjia (431) the Xianxi district of Dantu was carved off as its territory.

94

丹徒令，本屬晉陵，古名硃方，後名谷陽，秦改曰丹徒。孫權嘉禾三年，改曰武進。晉武帝太康三年，複曰丹徒。

Magistrate of Dantu: originally under Jingling; ancient name Zhufang, later Guyang, renamed Dantu under Qin. In the third year of Jiahe (234) Sun Quan renamed it Wujin. In the third year of Taikang (282) it was again called Dantu.

95

武進令，晉武帝太康二年，分丹徒、曲阿立。

Magistrate of Wujin: established in the second year of Taikang (281) by splitting off from Dantu and Qu'a.

96

毗陵令，宋孝武大明末，度屬此。

Magistrate of Piling: at the end of Daming transferred here.

97

朐令，漢舊名。晉江左僑立。宋孝武世，分郯西界為土。

Magistrate of Ju: a Han-era name. Established as a frontier county south of the Yangzi. During the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of Song, Tan's western border was carved off as actual territory.

98

利城令，漢舊名。晉江左僑立。宋文帝世，與郡俱為實土。

Magistrate of Licheng: a Han-era name. Established as a frontier county south of the Yangzi. Under Emperor Wen of Song, it and the commandery both became territories with actual jurisdiction.

99

南琅邪太守，琅邪郡別見。晉亂，琅邪國人隨元帝過江千餘戶，太興三年，立懷德縣。丹陽雖有琅邪相而無土地。成帝咸康元年，桓溫領郡，鎮江乘之蒲洲金城上，求割丹陽之江乘縣境立郡，又分江乘地立臨沂縣。永初郡國有陽都、前漢屬城陽，後漢、晉太康地志屬琅邪。費、即丘並別見。三縣，並割臨沂及建康為土。費縣治宮城之北。元嘉八年，省即丘併陽都。十五年，省費併建康、臨沂。孝武大明五年，省陽都併臨沂。今領縣二。戶二千七百八十九，口一萬八千六百九十七。去州水二百，陸一百。去京都水一百六十。

Grand Administrator of Southern Langye: Langye Commandery is discussed elsewhere. During the Jin disorders, more than a thousand households from Langye State followed Emperor Yuan south across the Yangzi; Huaide County was established in the third year of Taixing (320). Although Danyang had a Chancellor of Langye, the office had no territorial base. In the first year of Xiankang under Emperor Cheng (335), Huan Wen held the commandery and was stationed at Jincheng on Puzhou in Jiangcheng. He requested that part of Jiangcheng County in Danyang be separated to form the commandery, and also split off Jiangcheng land to establish Linyi County. The Yongchu Commanderies and States lists Yangdu: under Former Han it belonged to Chengyang, while under Later Han and in the Jin Taikang Geography it belonged to Langye. Fei and Jiqiu are both discussed elsewhere. The three counties all drew their territory from Linyi and Jiankang. Fei County had its seat north of the palace city. In the eighth year of Yuanjia (431), Jiqiu was abolished and merged into Yangdu. In the fifteenth year (438), Fei was abolished and merged into Jiankang and Linyi. In the fifth year of Daming under Emperor Xiaowu (461), Yangdu was abolished and merged into Linyi. It now governs two counties. It had 2,789 registered households and a population of 18,697. Distance from the provincial seat: 200 li by water and 100 li by land. Distance from the capital: 160 li by water.

100

臨沂令，漢舊名。前漢屬東海，後漢、晉屬琅邪。

Magistrate of Linyi: a Han-era name. Under Former Han it belonged to Donghai; under Later Han and Jin it belonged to Langya.

101

江乘令，漢舊縣。本屬丹陽，吳省為典農都尉。晉武帝太康元年復立。

Magistrate of Jiangcheng: a county dating from the Han. It originally belonged to Danyang; Wu abolished the county and made it an agricultural commandancy. It was restored in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280).

102

晉陵太守，吳時分吳郡無錫以西為毗陵典農校尉。晉武帝太康二年，省校尉，立以為毗陵郡，治丹徒，後複還毗陵。東海王越世子名毗，而東海國故食毗陵。永嘉五年，帝改為晉陵。始自毗陵徙治丹徒。太興初，郡及丹徒縣悉治京口，郗鑒複徙還丹徒。安帝義熙九年，複還晉陵。本屬揚州，文帝元嘉八年，度屬南徐。領縣六，戶一萬五千三百八十二，口八萬一百一十三。去州水一百七十五，陸同；去京都水四百，陸同。

Grand Administrator of Jinling: in Wu times the region west of Wuxi in Wu was separated off as the Piling Agricultural Colony Commandant. In the second year of Taikang (281) the commandant was abolished and Piling Commandery was established, with its seat at Dantu; later the seat returned to Piling. The heir apparent of Prince of Donghai Sima Yue was named Pi, and the Donghai fief had originally drawn its income from Piling. In the fifth year of Yongjia (311) the emperor renamed it Jinling. At first the seat was moved from Piling to Dantu. Early in the Taixing era, the commandery and Dantu County were both administered at Jingkou; Chi Jian later moved the seat back to Dantu. In the ninth year of Yixi (413) the seat returned to Jinling. Originally under Yang Province; in the eighth year of Yuanjia (431) it was transferred to Southern Xu. It governed six counties, with 15,382 registered households and a population of 80,113. Distance from the provincial seat: 175 li by water, the same by land; Distance from the capital: 400 li by water, the same by land.

103

晉陵令，本名延陵，漢改曰毗陵，後與郡俱改。

Magistrate of Jinling: originally Yanling; renamed Piling under Han, and later renamed again together with the commandery.

104

延陵令，晉武帝太康二年，分曲阿之延陵鄉立。

Magistrate of Yanling: established in the second year of Taikang (281) by splitting off Yanling township from Qu'a.

105

無錫令，漢舊縣。吳省，晉武帝太康元年復立。

Magistrate of Wuxi: a county dating from the Han. It was abolished by Wu and restored in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280).

106

南沙令，本吳縣司鹽都尉署。吳時名沙中。吳平後，立暨陽縣割屬之。晉成帝咸康七年，罷鹽署，立以為南沙縣。

Magistrate of Nansha: originally the Salt Administration Commandant's office of Wu County. In Wu times it was called Shazhong. After Wu was pacified, Jiyang County was established and placed under it. In the seventh year of Xiankang (341) the salt office was abolished and Nansha County was established.

107

曲阿令，本名雲陽，秦始皇改曰曲阿。吳嘉禾三年，複曰雲陽。晉武帝太康二年，複曰曲阿。

Magistrate of Qu'a: originally Yunyang; the First Emperor of Qin renamed it Qu'a. In the third year of Jiahe (238) it was again called Yunyang. In the second year of Taikang (281) it was again called Qu'a.

108

暨陽令，晉武帝太康二年，分無錫、毗陵立。

Magistrate of Jiyang: established in the second year of Taikang (281) by splitting off from Wuxi and Piling.

109

義興太守，晉惠帝永興元年，分吳興之陽羨、丹陽之永世立。永世尋還丹陽。本揚州，明帝泰始四年，度南徐。領縣五。戶一萬三千四百九十六，口八萬九千五百二十五。去州水四百，陸同。去都水四百九十，陸同。

Grand Administrator of Yixing: established in the first year of Yongxing under Emperor Hui of Jin (304) from Yangxian in Wuxing and Yongshi in Danyang. Yongshi was soon restored to Danyang. Originally part of Yangzhou, it was transferred to Southern Xu in the fourth year of Taishi under Emperor Ming (468). It governed five counties. It had 13,496 registered households and a population of 89,525. Distance from the provincial seat: 400 li by water, the same by land. Distance from the capital: 490 li by water, the same by land.

110

陽羨令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Yangxian: a county dating from the Han.

111

臨津令，故屬陽羨，立郡分立。

Magistrate of Linjin: formerly part of Yangxian, separated when the commandery was established.

112

義鄉令，故屬長城、陽羨，立郡分立。

Magistrate of Yixiang: formerly part of Changcheng and Yangxian, separated when the commandery was established.

113

國山令，故屬陽羨，立郡分立。

Magistrate of Guoshan: formerly part of Yangxian, separated when the commandery was established.

114

綏安令，武帝永初三年，分宣城之廣德、吳興之故鄣、長城及陽羨、義鄉五縣立。

Magistrate of Suian: established in the third year of Yongchu (422) by splitting off Guangde of Xuancheng, Guzhang of Wuxing, Changcheng, Yangxian, and Yixiang.

115

南蘭陵太守蘭陵郡別見，領縣二，戶一千五百九十三，口一萬六百三十四。

Grand Administrator of Southern Lanling: Lanling Commandery (see elsewhere). It governed two counties, with 1,593 registered households and a population of 10,634.

116

蘭陵令。別見

Magistrate of Lanling. See elsewhere.

117

承令別見，文帝元嘉十二年，以合鄉縣並承。《永初郡國》、何、徐並無合鄉縣。

Magistrate of Cheng (see elsewhere); in the twelfth year of Yuanjia (435) Hexiang County was merged into Cheng. The Yongchu Commanderies and States, He, and Xu all omit Hexiang County.

118

南東莞太守東莞郡別見，《永初郡國》又有蓋縣別見。領縣三，戶一千四百二十四，口九千八百五十四。

Grand Administrator of Southern Dongguan: Dongguan Commandery (see elsewhere). The Yongchu Commanderies and States also lists Gai County (see elsewhere). It governed three counties, with 1,424 registered households and a population of 9,854.

119

莒令。別見

Magistrate of Ju. See elsewhere.

120

東莞令別見，文帝元嘉十二年，以蓋縣並此。

Magistrate of Dongguan (see elsewhere); in the twelfth year of Yuanjia (435) Gai County was merged into it.

121

姑幕令，漢舊名。

Magistrate of Gumu: a Han-era name.

122

臨淮太守，漢武帝元狩六年立。光武以併東海。明帝永平十五年，復分臨淮之故地為下邳郡。晉武帝太康元年，復分下邳之淮南為臨淮郡，治盱眙。江左僑立。永初郡國又有盱眙縣，何、徐無。領縣七。戶三千七百一十一，口二萬二千八百八十六。

Grand Administrator of Linhuai: established in the sixth year of Yuanshou under Emperor Wu of Han (117 BCE). Emperor Guangwu merged it into Donghai. In the fifteenth year of Yongping under Emperor Ming (72), the former territory of Linhuai was split off again as Xiapi Commandery. In the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280), the Huainan portion of Xiapi was split off again as Linhuai Commandery, seated at Xuyi. South of the Yangzi it was set up in exile. The Yongchu Commanderies and States also lists Xuyi County, but He and Xu do not. It governed seven counties. It had 3,711 registered households and a population of 22,886.

123

海西令，前漢屬東海，後漢、晉屬廣陵。

Magistrate of Haixi: under Former Han it belonged to Donghai; under Later Han and Jin it belonged to Guangling.

124

射陽令，前漢屬臨淮，後漢屬廣陵，三國時廢，晉武帝太康元年復立。

The magistracy of Sheyang belonged to Linhuai under the Former Han and to Guangling under the Later Han; it was abolished during the Three Kingdoms period and reestablished in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin.

125

淩令，前漢屬泗水，後漢屬廣陵，三國時廢，晉武帝太康二年又立，屬廣陵。

Magistrate of Ling: under Former Han it belonged to Sishui and under Later Han to Guangling; abolished in the Three Kingdoms period, it was re-established in the second year of Taikang (281) under Guangling.

126

淮浦令，前漢屬臨淮，後漢屬下邳，《晉太康地志》屬廣陵。

Magistrate of Huaipu: under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai, under Later Han to Xiapi, and the Jin Taikang Gazetteer places it under Guangling.

127

淮陰令，前漢屬臨淮，後漢屬下邳，《晉太康地志》屬廣陵。

Magistrate of Huaiyin: under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai, under Later Han to Xiapi, and the Jin Taikang Gazetteer places it under Guangling.

128

東陽令，前漢屬臨淮，後漢屬廣陵，《晉太康地志》屬臨淮。

Magistrate of Dongyang: under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai, under Later Han to Guangling, and the Jin Taikang Gazetteer places it under Linhuai.

129

長樂令，本長樂郡，別見。并合為縣。淮陵太守，本淮陵縣，前漢屬臨淮，後漢屬下邳，晉屬臨淮，惠帝永寧元年，以為淮陵國。永初郡國又有下相、前漢屬臨淮，後漢屬下邳，晉太康地志屬臨淮。廣陽，漢高立為燕國，昭帝更名。光武省併上谷，和帝永元八年復立。魏、晉復為燕國。前漢廣陽縣，後漢無，晉復有此也。二縣。今領縣三。戶一千九百五，口一萬六百三十。司吾令，前漢屬東海，後漢屬下邳，晉太康地志屬臨淮。後廢帝元徽五年五月，改名桐梧，順帝昇明元年復舊。

Magistrate of Changle: originally Changle Commandery, discussed elsewhere. It was merged and reduced to a county. Grand Administrator of Huailing: originally Huailing County. Under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai, under Later Han to Xiapi, and under Jin to Linhuai. In the first year of Yongning under Emperor Hui (301), it was made the kingdom of Huailing. The Yongchu Commanderies and States also lists Xiaxiang: under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai, under Later Han to Xiapi, and the Jin Taikang Geography places it under Linhuai. Guangyang: Emperor Gao of Han established it as the kingdom of Yan, and Emperor Zhao renamed it. Emperor Guangwu abolished it and merged it into Shanggu; it was restored in the eighth year of Yongyuan under Emperor He (96). Under Wei and Jin it again became the kingdom of Yan. Former Han had Guangyang County; Later Han did not, but Jin had it again. There were two counties. It now governs three counties. It had 1,905 registered households and a population of 10,630. Magistrate of Siwu: under Former Han it belonged to Donghai, under Later Han to Xiapi, and the Jin Taikang Geography places it under Linhuai. In the fifth month of the fifth year of Yuanhui under the Later Deposed Emperor (477), it was renamed Tongwu; in the first year of Shengming under Emperor Shun (477), the old name was restored.

130

徐令，前漢屬臨淮，後漢屬下邳，《晉太康地志》屬臨淮。

Magistrate of Xu: under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai, under Later Han to Xiapi, and the Jin Taikang Gazetteer places it under Linhuai.

131

陽樂令，漢舊名，本屬遼西。文帝元嘉十三年，以下相並陽樂。

Magistrate of Yangyue: a Han-era name, originally under Liaoxi. In the thirteenth year of Yuanjia (436) Xiaxiang was merged into Yangyue.

132

南彭城太守彭城郡別見，江左僑立。晉明帝又立南下邳郡，成帝又立南沛郡。文帝元嘉中，分南沛為北沛，屬南兗，而南沛猶屬南徐。孝武大明四年，以二郡並並南彭城。領縣十二，戶一萬一千七百五十八，口六萬八千一百六十三。

Grand Administrator of Southern Pengcheng: Pengcheng Commandery (see elsewhere), established as a frontier commandery south of the Yangzi. Emperor Ming of Jin further established Southern Xiapi Commandery, and Emperor Cheng established Southern Pei Commandery. During Yuanjia, Southern Pei was divided into Northern Pei under Southern Yan, while Southern Pei remained under Southern Xu. In the fourth year of Daming (460) both commanderies were merged into Southern Pengcheng. It governed twelve counties, with 11,758 registered households and a population of 68,163.

133

呂令。別見

Magistrate of Lu. See elsewhere.

134

武原令，漢舊名。

Magistrate of Wuyuan: a Han-era name.

135

傅陽令，漢舊名。

Magistrate of Fuyang: a Han-era name.

136

蕃令別見，義旗初，免軍戶立遂誠縣。武帝永初元年，改從舊名。

Magistrate of Fan (see elsewhere); at the founding of the dynasty, military households were exempted and Suicheng County was established. In the first year of Yongchu (420) it was restored to its former name.

137

薛令別見，義旗初，免軍戶為建熙縣。永初元年，改從舊名。

Magistrate of Xue (see elsewhere); at the founding of the dynasty, military households were exempted and it became Jianxi County. In the first year of Yongchu (420) it was restored to its former name.

138

開陽令，前漢屬東海，章帝建初五年屬琅邪。晉僑立，猶屬琅邪，安帝度屬彭城。

Magistrate of Kaiyang: under Former Han it belonged to Donghai; in the fifth year of Jianchu (80) it was placed under Langya. Established as a frontier county under Jin, it remained under Langya until Emperor An transferred it to Pengcheng.

139

杼秋令，漢舊名。

Magistrate of Zhushu: a Han-era name.

140

洨令，前漢屬梁，後漢、晉屬沛。

Magistrate of Jiao: under Former Han it belonged to Liang; under Later Han and Jin it belonged to Pei.

141

下邳令別見，本屬南下邳。

Magistrate of Xiapi (see elsewhere): originally under Southern Xiapi.

142

北淩令，本屬南下邳，二漢無，《晉太康地志》屬下邳。本名淩，而廣陵郡舊有淩縣，晉武帝太康二年，以下邳之淩縣非舊土而同名，改為北淩。

Magistrate of Northern Ling: originally under Southern Xiapi; it did not exist in either Han dynasty, and the Jin Taikang Gazetteer places it under Xiapi. Originally Ling, but Guangling had long had a Ling County; in the second year of Taikang (281), because Xiapi's Ling County was not on its original territory yet shared the name, it was renamed Northern Ling.

143

僮令別見，本屬南下邳。南下邳有良城縣別見，文帝元嘉十二年並僮。

Magistrate of Tong (see elsewhere): originally under Southern Xiapi. Southern Xiapi had Liangcheng County (see elsewhere); in the twelfth year of Yuanjia (435) it was merged into Tong.

144

南清河太守清河郡別見，領縣四，戶一千八百四十九，口七千四百四。

Grand Administrator of Southern Qinghe: Qinghe Commandery (see elsewhere). It governed four counties, with 1,849 registered households and a population of 7,404.

145

清河令。別見

Magistrate of Qinghe. See elsewhere.

146

東武城令。別見

Magistrate of Dongwucheng. See elsewhere.

147

繹幕令。別見

Magistrate of Yimu. See elsewhere.

148

貝丘令。別見

Magistrate of Beiqiu. See elsewhere.

149

南高平太守高平郡別見，《永初郡國》又有钜野、昌邑二縣並漢舊名。今領縣三，戶一千七百一十八，口九千七百三十一。

Grand Administrator of Southern Gaoping: Gaoping Commandery (see elsewhere). The Yongchu Commanderies and States also lists Juye and Changyi, two merged counties with Han-era names. It now governs three counties, with 1,718 registered households and a population of 9,731.

150

金鄉令。別見

Magistrate of Jinxiang. See elsewhere.

151

湖陸令，前漢曰湖陵，漢章帝更名。

Magistrate of Huyang: called Huling under Former Han and renamed under Emperor Zhang of Han.

152

高平令別見。文帝元嘉十八年，以钜野並高平。

Magistrate of Gaoping (see elsewhere). In the eighteenth year of Yuanjia (441) Juye was merged into Gaoping.

153

南平昌太守平昌郡別見，領縣四，戶二千一百七十八，口一萬一千七百四十一。

Grand Administrator of Southern Pingchang: Pingchang Commandery (see elsewhere). It governed four counties, with 2,178 registered households and a population of 11,741.

154

安丘令。別見

Magistrate of Anqiu. See elsewhere.

155

新樂令，二漢無，魏分平原為樂陵郡，屬冀州，而新樂縣屬焉。晉江左立樂陵郡及諸縣，後省，以新樂縣屬此。

Magistrate of Xinle: it did not exist in either Han dynasty; Wei split Pingyuan to form Leling Commandery under Jizhou, and Xinle belonged to it. South of the Yangzi, Jin established Leling Commandery and its counties; later abolished, Xinle County was placed under this commandery.

156

東武令。別見

Magistrate of Dongwu. See elsewhere.

157

高密令別見，江左立高密國，後為南高密郡。文帝元嘉十八年，省為高密縣，屬此。

Magistrate of Gaomi (see elsewhere): south of the Yangzi a Gaomi state was established, later becoming Southern Gaomi Commandery. In the eighteenth year of Yuanjia (441) it was reduced to Gaomi County and placed under this commandery.

158

南濟陰太守，二漢、晉屬兗州，前漢初屬梁國，景帝中六年，別為濟陰國，宣帝甘露二年，更名定陶國，後還曰濟陰。《永初郡國》又有句陽、定陶二縣並漢舊名今領縣四，戶一千六百五十五，口八千一百九十三。

Grand Administrator of Southern Jiyin: under the two Han dynasties and Jin it belonged to Yan Province; under Former Han it initially belonged to Liang; in the sixth year of Emperor Jing's middle reign it was separated as Jiyin; in the second year of Ganlu (52 BCE) it was renamed Dingtao, and later restored to Jiyin. The Yongchu Commanderies and States also lists Juyang and Dingtao, both Han-era names. It now governs four counties, with 1,655 registered households and a population of 8,193.

159

城武令。別見

Magistrate of Chengwu. See elsewhere.

160

冤句令，漢舊名。

Magistrate of Yuanqu: a Han-era name.

161

單父令，前漢屬山陽。

Magistrate of Danfu: under Former Han it belonged to Shanyang.

162

城陽令，漢舊名。

Magistrate of Chengyang: a Han-era name.

163

南濮陽太守，本東郡，屬兗州。晉武帝咸寧二年，以封子允，以東不可為國名，東郡有濮陽縣，故曰濮陽國。濮陽，漢舊名也，允改封淮南，還曰東郡。趙王倫篡位，廢太孫臧為濮陽王，王尋廢，郡名遂不改。《永初郡國》又有鄄城縣。二漢屬濟陰，《晉太康地志》屬濮陽也。今領縣二，戶二千二十六，口八千二百三十九。

Grand Administrator of Southern Puyang: originally Dong Commandery, under Yan Province. In the second year of Xianning (276), to enfeoff his son Yun, "Dong" could not serve as a principality name; because Dong Commandery contained Puyang County, the seat was styled the Principality of Puyang. Puyang was a Han-era name; when Yun was re-enfeoffed in Huainan, the commandery reverted to Dong. When Prince of Zhao Lun seized the throne, he demoted Heir Apparent Zang to Prince of Puyang; though the prince was soon removed, the commandery kept the name. The Yongchu Commanderies and States also lists Juancheng County. Under both Han dynasties it belonged to Jiyin; the Jin Taikang Geography assigns it to Puyang. It now governs two counties, with 2,026 registered households and a population of 8,239.

164

廩丘令，前漢及《晉太康地志》有廩丘縣，後漢無。文帝元嘉十二年，以鄄城並廩丘。

Magistrate of Linqiu: listed in Former Han and the Jin Taikang Geography, but absent from Later Han. In the twelfth year of Yuanjia (435), Juancheng was merged into Linqiu.

165

榆次令，漢舊名，至晉屬太原。

Magistrate of Yuci: a Han-era name that by the Jin belonged to Taiyuan.

166

南泰山太守泰山郡別見，《永初郡國》有廣平漢武帝征和二年，立為平幹國。宣帝五鳳二年，改為廣平。光武建武十三年，省併鉅鹿。魏分鉅鹿、魏郡復為廣平。江左僑立郡，晉成帝咸康四年省，後又立，寄治丹徒，領廣平、易陽易陽，二漢屬趙，《晉太康地志》屬廣平、曲周前漢屬廣平，作曲周。後漢屬鉅鹿。《晉太康地志》屬廣平，作曲梁。三縣。文帝元嘉十八年，省廣平郡為廣平縣，屬南泰山。今領縣三，戶二千四百九十九，口一萬三千六百。

Grand Administrator of Southern Taishan: Taishan Commandery (see elsewhere). The Yongchu gazetteer lists Guangping, established in the second year of Zhenghe (91 BCE) as the Pinggan Principality. In the second year of Wufeng (55 BCE) it was renamed Guangping. In the thirteenth year of Jianwu (37), it was abolished and merged into Ju. Under Wei, territory was split from Ju and Wei Commandery to restore Guangping. A frontier commandery was set up south of the Yangzi, abolished in the fourth year of Xiankang (338), and later restored, with its seat at Dantu, governing Guangping and Yiyang. Yiyang belonged to Zhao under both Han dynasties; the Jin Taikang Geography assigns it to Guangping, and Quzhou, which under Former Han belonged to Guangping and was written Quzhou. Under Later Han it belonged to Ju. The Jin Taikang Geography assigns it to Guangping, where it was written Quliang. Three counties. In the eighteenth year of Yuanjia (441), Guangping Commandery was reduced to Guangping County under Southern Taishan. It now governs three counties, with 2,499 registered households and a population of 13,600.

167

南城令。別見

Magistrate of Nancheng. See elsewhere.

168

武陽令。別見

Magistrate of Wuyang. See elsewhere.

169

廣平令，前漢屬廣平，後漢屬钜鹿，《太康地志》屬廣平。

Magistrate of Guangping: under Former Han it belonged to Guangping, under Later Han to Ju; the Taikang Geography assigns it to Guangping.

170

濟陽太守，晉惠分陳留為濟陽國。領縣二，戶一千二百三十二，口八千一百九十二。

Grand Administrator of Jiyang: Emperor Hui of Jin split Chenliu to create the Principality of Jiyang. It governed two counties, with 1,232 registered households and a population of 8,192.

171

考城令，前漢曰甾，屬梁國，章帝更名，屬陳留。《太康地志》無。

Magistrate of Kaocheng: called Zai under Former Han in Liang Principality; Emperor Zhang renamed it and placed it under Chenliu. It is absent from the Taikang Geography.

172

鄄城令。別見

Magistrate of Juancheng. See elsewhere.

173

南魯郡太守魯郡別見，又有樊縣。前漢屬東平，後漢、《晉太康地志》屬任城也。今領縣二，戶一千二百一十一，口六千八百一十八。

Grand Administrator of Southern Lu: Lu Commandery (see elsewhere), which also includes Fan County. Under Former Han it belonged to Dongping; under Later Han and in the Jin Taikang Geography it belonged to Rencheng. It now governs two counties, with 1,211 registered households and a population of 6,818.

174

魯令。別見

Magistrate of Lu. See elsewhere.

175

西安令，漢舊名，本屬齊郡。齊郡過江僑立，後省，以西安配此。文帝元嘉十八年，以樊並西安。《永初郡國》無西安縣。

Magistrate of Xi'an: a Han-era name originally under Qi Commandery. A frontier Qi Commandery was set up south of the Yangzi, later abolished, and Xi'an was transferred here. In the eighteenth year of Yuanjia (441), Fan was merged into Xi'an. The Yongchu gazetteer lists no Xi'an County.

176

徐州刺史，後漢治東海郯縣，魏、晉、宋治彭城。明帝世，淮北沒寇，僑立徐州，治鍾離。泰豫元年，移治東海朐。後廢帝元徽元年，分南兗州之鍾離、豫州之馬頭，又分秦郡之頓丘、梁郡之穀熟、歷陽之酇，立新昌郡，置徐州，還治鍾離。今先列徐州舊郡於前，以新割係。舊領郡十二，縣三十四。戶二萬三千四百八十五，口十七萬五千九百六十七。今領郡三，縣九。彭城去京都水一千三百六十，陸一千。彭城太守，漢高立為楚國，宣帝地節元年，改為彭城郡，黃龍元年，又為楚國，章帝還為彭城。領縣五。戶八千六百二十七，口四萬一千二百三十一。

Inspector of Xu Province: under Later Han it was seated at Tan County in Donghai; under Wei, Jin, and Song it was seated at Pengcheng. In Emperor Ming's reign, after Huaibei fell to the enemy, Xu Province was set up in exile with its seat at Zhongli. In the first year of Taiyu (472), the seat was moved to Qu in Donghai. In the first year of Yuanhui under the Later Deposed Emperor (473), Zhongli from Southern Yan Province and Matou from Yu Province were split off, along with Dunqiu from Qin Commandery, Gushu from Liang Commandery, and Zan from Liyang, to form Xinchang Commandery and reestablish Xu Province, whose seat returned to Zhongli. The old commanderies of Xu Province are listed first here, with the newly divided territories appended. Formerly it governed twelve commanderies and thirty-four counties. It had 23,485 registered households and a population of 175,967. Now it governs three commanderies and nine counties. Pengcheng is 1,360 li from the capital by water and 1,000 li by land. Grand Administrator of Pengcheng: Emperor Gao of Han established it as the kingdom of Chu; in the first year of Dijie under Emperor Xuan (69 BCE), it was changed to Pengcheng Commandery; in the first year of Huanglong (49 BCE), it again became the kingdom of Chu; Emperor Zhang restored the name Pengcheng. It governed five counties. It had 8,627 registered households and a population of 41,231.

177

彭城令，漢縣。

Magistrate of Pengcheng: a county dating from the Han.

178

呂令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Lü: a county dating from the Han.

179

蕃令，漢舊縣，屬魯。晉惠帝元康中度。蕃音皮；漢末太傅陳蕃子逸為魯相，改音。

Magistrate of Fan: a Han-era county under Lu. It was transferred in the Yuankang era under Emperor Hui of Jin. Fan is pronounced pi; at the end of Han, when Grand Tutor Chen Fan's son Yi served as Chancellor of Lu, the pronunciation was changed.

180

薛令，漢舊縣，屬魯。晉惠帝元康中度。

Magistrate of Xue: a Han-era county under Lu. It was transferred in the Yuankang era under Emperor Hui of Jin.

181

留令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Liu: a county dating from the Han.

182

沛郡太守，秦泗水郡，漢高更名。舊屬豫州，江左改配。領縣三，戶五千二百九，口二萬五千一百七十。去州陸六十；去京都一千。

Grand Administrator of Pei: under Qin this was Sishui Commandery, renamed by Emperor Gaozu of Han. It formerly belonged to Yu Province; after crossing the Yangzi its provincial assignment was changed. It governed three counties, with 5,209 registered households and a population of 25,170. Distance from the provincial seat: 60 li by land; from the capital: 1,000 li.

183

蕭令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Xiao: a county dating from the Han.

184

相令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Xiang: a county dating from the Han.

185

沛令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Pei: a county dating from the Han.

186

下邳太守，前漢本臨淮郡，武帝立，明帝改為下邳。晉武帝分下邳之淮南為臨淮，而下邳如故。領縣三；戶三千九十九，口一萬六千八十八。去州水二百，陸一百八十；去京都水一千一百六十，陸八百。

Grand Administrator of Xiapi: under Former Han this was Linhuai Commandery, established under Emperor Wu and renamed Xiapi under Emperor Ming. Emperor Wu of Jin carved Huainan from Xiapi as Linhuai, leaving Xiapi unchanged. It governed three counties; with 3,099 registered households and a population of 16,088. Distance from the provincial seat: 200 li by water, 180 li by land; from the capital: 1,160 li by water, 800 li by land.

187

下邳令，前漢屬東海，後漢、《晉太康地志》屬下邳。

Magistrate of Xiapi: under Former Han it belonged to Donghai; under Later Han and in the Jin Taikang Geography it belonged to Xiapi.

188

良成令，前漢屬東海，後漢、《晉太康地志》屬下邳。

Magistrate of Liangcheng: under Former Han it belonged to Donghai; under Later Han and in the Jin Taikang Geography it belonged to Xiapi.

189

僮令，前漢屬臨淮，後漢、《晉太康地志》屬下邳。

Magistrate of Tong: under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai; under Later Han and in the Jin Taikang Geography it belonged to Xiapi.

190

蘭陵太守，晉惠帝元康元年，分東海立。領縣三。戶三千一百六十四，口一萬四千五百九十七。去州陸二百。去京都水一千六百，陸一千三百。

Grand Administrator of Lanling: established in the first year of Yuankang under Emperor Hui of Jin (291) by splitting off from Donghai. It governed three counties. It had 3,164 registered households and a population of 14,597. Distance from the provincial seat: 200 li by land. Distance from the capital: 1,600 li by water and 1,300 li by land.

191

昌慮令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Changlü: a county dating from the Han.

192

承令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Cheng: a county dating from the Han.

193

合鄉令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Hexiang: a county dating from the Han.

194

東海太守，秦郯郡，漢高更名。明帝失淮北，僑立青州於贛榆縣。泰始七年，又立東海縣屬東海郡，又割贛檢置鬱縣，立西海郡，並隸僑青州。領縣二，戶二千四百一十一，口一萬三千九百四十一。去州水一千，陸八百；去京都水一千，陸六百七十。

Grand Administrator of Donghai: under Qin this was Tan Commandery, renamed by Emperor Gaozu of Han. After Emperor Ming lost the Huai north, a frontier Qing Province was set up at Ganyu County. In the seventh year of Taishi (271), Donghai County was added to Donghai Commandery; territory was carved from Ganyu to establish Yu County and Western Sea Commandery, both subordinate to the frontier Qing Province. It governed two counties, with 2,411 registered households and a population of 13,941. Distance from the provincial seat: 1,000 li by water, 800 li by land; from the capital: 1,000 li by water, 670 li by land.

195

襄賁令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Xiangben: a county dating from the Han.

196

贛榆令，前漢屬琅邪，後漢屬東海。魏省，晉武帝太康元年復立。東莞太守，晉武帝泰始元年，分琅邪立。咸寧三年，復以合琅邪，太康十年復立。領縣三。戶八百八十七，口七千三百二十。去州陸七百。去京都水二千，陸一千四百。

Magistrate of Ganyu: under Former Han it belonged to Langye, and under Later Han to Donghai. It was abolished by Wei and restored in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280). Grand Administrator of Dongguan: established in the first year of Taishi under Emperor Wu of Jin (265) by splitting off from Langye. It was merged back into Langye in the third year of Xianning (277), then restored in the tenth year of Taikang (289). It governed three counties. It had 887 registered households and a population of 7,320. Distance from the provincial seat: 700 li by land. Distance from the capital: 2,000 li by water and 1,400 li by land.

197

莒令，前漢屬城陽，後漢屬琅邪。孝武大明五年改為長。

Magistrate of Ju: under Former Han it belonged to Chengyang; under Later Han to Langye. In the fifth year of Daming (461) it was demoted to chief-magistrate rank.

198

諸令，前漢屬城陽，後漢屬琅邪，《晉太康地志》屬城陽。

Magistrate of Zhu: under Former Han it belonged to Chengyang; under Later Han to Langye; the Jin Taikang Geography assigns it to Chengyang.

199

東莞令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Dongguan: a county dating from the Han.

200

東安太守，東安故縣名，前漢屬城陽，後漢屬琅邪，《晉太康地志》屬東莞，晉惠帝分東莞立。領縣三，戶一千二百八十五，口一萬七百五十五。去州陸七百；去京都陸一千三百。

Grand Administrator of Dong'an: named for the former county of Dong'an; under Former Han it belonged to Chengyang, under Later Han to Langye, and in the Jin Taikang Geography to Dongguan; established by splitting off from Dongguan under Emperor Hui of Jin. It governed three counties, with 1,285 registered households and a population of 10,755. Distance from the provincial seat: 700 li by land; from the capital: 1,300 li by land.

201

蓋令，前漢屬琅邪，後漢屬太山，《晉太康地志》屬樂安。孝武大明五年改為長。

Magistrate of Gai: under Former Han it belonged to Langye; under Later Han to Taishan; the Jin Taikang Geography assigns it to Le'an. In the fifth year of Daming (461) it was demoted to chief-magistrate rank.

202

新泰令，魏立，屬泰山。

Magistrate of Xintai: established under Wei, under Taishan.

203

發幹令，漢舊名，屬東郡。《太康地志》無，江左來配。

Magistrate of Fagan: a Han-era name under Dong Commandery. Absent from the Taikang Geography; it was assigned here after the crossing south.

204

琅邪太守，秦立。領縣二，戶一千八百一十八，口八千二百四十三。去州陸四百；去京都水一千五百，陸一千一百。

Grand Administrator of Langye: established under Qin. It governed two counties, with 1,818 registered households and a population of 8,243. Distance from the provincial seat: 400 li by land; Distance from the capital: 1,500 li by water, 1,100 li by land.

205

費令，前漢屬東海，後漢屬泰山，《晉太康地志》屬琅邪。

Magistrate of Fei: under Former Han it belonged to Donghai; under Later Han to Taishan; the Jin Taikang Geography assigns it to Langye.

206

即丘令，前漢屬東海，後漢、《晉太康地志》屬琅邪。

Magistrate of Jiuqiu: under Former Han it belonged to Donghai; under Later Han and in the Jin Taikang Geography it belonged to Langye.

207

淮陽太守，晉安帝義熙中土斷立。領縣四，戶二千八百五十五，口一萬五千三百六十三。去州水六百，陸五百；去京都水七百，陸五百五十。

Grand Administrator of Huaiyang: established during the Yixi-era land reallocation under Emperor An of Jin. It governed four counties, with 2,855 registered households and a population of 15,363. Distance from the provincial seat: 600 li by water, 500 li by land; from the capital: 700 li by water, 550 li by land.

208

角城令，晉安帝義熙中土斷立。

Magistrate of Jiaocheng: established during the Yixi-era land reallocation under Emperor An of Jin.

209

晉寧令，故屬濟岷，流寓來配。

Magistrate of Jinning: formerly under Jimin; allotted from refugee registries.

210

宿預令，晉安帝立。

Magistrate of Suyu: established under Emperor An of Jin.

211

上黨令，本流寓郡，並省來配。

Magistrate of Shangdang: originally a refugee commandery; assigned here when it was abolished and merged in.

212

陽平太守，陽平本縣名，屬東郡。魏分東郡及魏郡為陽平郡。故屬司州，流寓來配。《永初郡國》又有廩丘縣別置。今領縣三，戶一千七百二十五，口一萬三千三百三十。

Grand Administrator of Yangping: named for the former county of Yangping, under Dong Commandery. Under Wei, lands were split from Dong and Wei commanderies to create Yangping Commandery. Formerly under Sizhou; allotted from refugee registries. The Yongchu gazetteer also lists Linqiu County as a separate establishment. It now governs three counties, with 1,725 registered households and a population of 13,330.

213

館陶令，漢舊名。

Magistrate of Guantao: a Han-era name.

214

陽平令，漢舊名。

Magistrate of Yangping: a Han-era name.

215

濮陽令，本流寓郡，並省來配。

Magistrate of Puyang: originally a refugee commandery; assigned here when it was abolished and merged in.

216

濟陰太守，漢景帝立，屬兗州。流寓徐土，因割地為境。領縣三，戶二千三百五，口一萬一千九百二十八。

Grand Administrator of Jiyin: established under Emperor Jing of Han, under Yan Province. Established as a refugee seat in Xu lands, with boundaries cut from surrounding territory. It governed three counties, with 2,305 registered households and a population of 11,928.

217

睢陵令，前漢屬臨淮，後漢屬下邳。孝武大明元年度。

Magistrate of Suiling: under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai; under Later Han to Xiapi. Abolished in the first year of Daming (457).

218

定陶令，漢舊名。孝武大明五年改為長。

Magistrate of Dingtao: a Han-era name. In the fifth year of Daming (461) it was demoted to chief-magistrate rank.

219

頓丘令，屬頓丘，流寓割配。

Magistrate of Dunqiu: under Dunqiu; assigned by partitioning refugee lands.

220

北濟陰太守，孝武孝建元年升立。領縣三，戶九百二十七，口三千八百十。

Grand Administrator of Northern Jiyin: promoted to commandery rank in the first year of Xiaojian (454). It governed three counties, with 927 registered households and a population of 3,810.

221

城武令，前漢屬山陽，後漢、《晉太康地志》屬濟陰。

Magistrate of Chengwu: under Former Han it belonged to Shanyang; under Later Han and in the Jin Taikang Geography it belonged to Jiyin.

222

豐令，漢舊名，屬沛。孝武大明元年復立。

Magistrate of Feng: a Han-era name under Pei. Restored in the first year of Daming (457).

223

離狐令，前漢屬東郡，後漢、《晉太康地志》屬濟陰。

Magistrate of Lihu: under Former Han it belonged to Dong Commandery; under Later Han and in the Jin Taikang Geography it belonged to Jiyin.

224

鐘離太守，本屬南兗州，晉安帝分立。案漢九江郡、晉淮南郡有鐘離縣，即此地也。領縣三，戶三千二百七十二，口一萬七千八百三十二。去京都陸六百二十，水一千三十。

Grand Administrator of Zhongli: originally under Southern Yan Province; split off under Emperor An of Jin. On examination, Han Jiujiang and Jin Huainan both included Zhongli County—this is that seat. It governed three counties, with 3,272 registered households and a population of 17,832. Distance from the capital: 620 li by land, 1,030 li by water.

225

燕縣令別見，故屬東燕。流寓因配。

Magistrate of Yan County (see elsewhere); formerly under Eastern Yan. Allotted through refugee registration.

226

朝歌令，本屬河內，晉武帝分河內為汲，又屬焉。流寓因配。

Magistrate of Chaoge: originally under Henei; when Emperor Wu of Jin split Henei to create Ji, it was placed under Ji. Allotted through refugee registration.

227

樂平令，前漢曰清，屬東郡，章帝更名，《晉太康地志》無。流寓因配。

Magistrate of Yueping: called Qing under Former Han in Dong Commandery; Emperor Zhang renamed it; absent from the Jin Taikang Geography. Allotted through refugee registration.

228

馬頭太守，屬南豫州，故淮南當塗縣地，晉安帝立，因山形立名。領縣三，戶一千三百三十二，口一萬二千三百一十。去京都水一千七百五十，陸六百七十。

Grand Administrator of Matou: under Southern Yu Province, on former Huainan Dangtu County territory; established under Emperor An of Jin and named for the local terrain. It governed three counties, with 1,332 registered households and a population of 12,310. Distance from the capital: 1,750 li by water, 670 li by land.

229

虞縣令，漢舊名，屬梁郡。流寓因配。

Magistrate of Yu County: a Han-era name under Liang Commandery. Allotted through refugee registration.

230

零縣令，晉安帝立。

Magistrate of Ling County: established under Emperor An of Jin.

231

濟陽令，故屬濟陽。流寓因配。

Magistrate of Jiyang: formerly under Jiyang. Allotted through refugee registration.

232

新昌太守，後廢帝元徽元年立。

Grand Administrator of Xinchang: established in the first year of Yuanhui (473).

233

頓丘令，二漢屬東郡，魏屬陽平，晉武帝泰始二年，分淮陽置頓丘郡，頓丘縣又屬焉。江左流寓立，屬秦。先有沛縣，元嘉八年併頓丘，後廢帝元徽元年度屬此。穀熟令，前漢無，後漢、晉屬梁。永初郡國、何、徐志並屬南梁。後廢帝元徽元年度。酇令，漢屬沛，晉屬譙。文帝元嘉八年，自南譙度屬歷陽，後廢帝元徽元年度屬此。

Magistrate of Dunqiu: under both Han dynasties it belonged to Dong Commandery, under Wei to Yangping; in the second year of Taishi under Emperor Wu of Jin (266), Dunqiu Commandery was split off from Huaiyang, and Dunqiu County belonged to it. South of the Yangzi it was set up for displaced settlers and placed under Qin. Pei County had existed earlier; it was merged into Dunqiu in the eighth year of Yuanjia (431), and transferred here in the first year of Yuanhui under the Later Deposed Emperor (473). Magistrate of Gushu: not present under Former Han; under Later Han and Jin it belonged to Liang. The Yongchu Commanderies and States and both He and Xu's treatises place it under Nanliang. It was transferred in the first year of Yuanhui under the Later Deposed Emperor (473). Magistrate of Zan: under Han it belonged to Pei, and under Jin to Qiao. In the eighth year of Yuanjia under Emperor Wen (431), it was transferred from Nanqiao to Liyang; in the first year of Yuanhui under the Later Deposed Emperor (473), it was transferred here.

234

南兗州刺史，中原亂，北州流民多南渡，晉成帝立南兗州，寄治京口。時又立南青州及并州，武帝永初元年，省並並南兗。文帝元嘉八年，始割江淮間為境，治廣陵。《永初郡國》領十四郡。南高平、南平昌、南濟陰、南濮陽、南泰山、濟陽、南魯山郡，今並屬徐州。又有東燕郡，江左分濮陽所立也，領燕縣前漢曰南燕，後漢曰燕，並屬東郡。《太康地志》屬濮陽、白馬、平昌、考城凡四縣。文帝元嘉十八年，省考城並燕。十九年，省東燕郡為東燕縣，屬南濮陽，後又省東燕郡。南東平郡領範、蛇丘、曆城凡三縣。高密郡領淳於、黔陬、營陵、夷安凡四縣。南齊郡領安西、臨菑凡二縣。南平原郡領平原、高唐、茌平並別見凡三縣。濟岷郡江左立，領營城、晉甯江左立凡二縣。雁門郡漢舊郡領樓煩別見、陰館前漢作「觀」，後漢、晉作「館」也、廣武前漢屬太原，後漢、《晉太康地志》屬雁門也、崞、馬邑並漢舊名凡五縣。凡七郡，二十三縣，並省屬南徐州。諸僑郡縣何志又有鐘離、雁門、平原、東平、北沛五郡。鐘離今屬徐州。雁門領樓煩、陰館、廣武三縣。平原領茌平、臨菑、營城、平原四縣。東平領範、朝陽、曆城三縣。北沛領符離、蕭、相、沛四縣。符離，漢舊縣。餘並別見。凡十四縣。起居注，元嘉十一年，以南兗州東平之平陸併范，壽張併朝陽，平原之濟岷、晉寧併營城，先是省濟岷郡為縣。高唐併茌平。按此五縣，元嘉十一年所省，則平陸、壽張疑在《永初郡國志》，而無此二縣，未詳。徐志有南東平郡，領範、朝陽、曆城、樓煩、陰觀、廣武、茌平、營城、臨菑、平原十縣，則是雁門、平原並東平也。孝武大明五年，以東平並廣陵。宋又僑立新平、北淮陽、北濟陰、北下邳、東莞五郡。元嘉二十八年，南兗州徙治盱眙。三十年，省南兗州並南徐，其後複立，還治廣陵。徐志領郡九，縣三十九，戶三萬一千一百一十五，口十五萬九千三百六十二。宋末領郡十一，縣四十四。去京都水二百五十，陸一百八十。

Inspector of Southern Yan Province: amid turmoil in the Central Plains, refugees from the north fled south in great numbers; Emperor Cheng of Jin created Southern Yan Province, provisionally seated at Jingkou. Southern Qing and Bing provinces were also set up at the time; in the first year of Yongchu (420), Bing was abolished and absorbed into Southern Yan. In the eighth year of Yuanjia (431), the province was first bounded by lands between the Yangzi and Huai, with its seat at Guangling. The Yongchu gazetteer lists fourteen commanderies. Southern Gaoping, Southern Pingchang, Southern Jiyin, Southern Puyang, Southern Taishan, Jiyang, and Southern Lushan now all fall under Xu Province. There was also Eastern Yan Commandery, set up south of the Yangzi from Puyang; it governed Yan County—Southern Yan under Former Han, Yan under Later Han—both formerly under Dong Commandery. The Taikang Geography assigns it to Puyang. Together with Baima, Pingchang, and Kaocheng—four counties in all. In the eighteenth year of Yuanjia (441), Kaocheng was abolished and merged into Yan. In the nineteenth year (442), Eastern Yan Commandery was reduced to Eastern Yan County under Southern Puyang; the commandery was abolished again afterward. Southern Dongping Commandery governed Fan, Sheqiu, and Licheng—three counties altogether. Gaomi Commandery governed Chunyu, Qianzou, Yingling, and Yi'an—four counties altogether. Southern Qi Commandery governed Anxi and Linzi—two counties altogether. Southern Pingyuan Commandery governed Pingyuan, Gaotang, and Chiping (see elsewhere)—three counties altogether. Jimin Commandery was set up south of the Yangzi; it governed Yingcheng and Jinning, the latter also a Yangzi-crossing establishment—two counties altogether. Yanmen Commandery, a Han-era seat, governed Loufan (see elsewhere) and Yinguan—written with the character for "observe" under Former Han and the homophonous character for "office" under Later Han and Jin. Guangwu: under Former Han it belonged to Taiyuan; under Later Han and in the Jin Taikang Geography it belonged to Yanmen. Together with Guo and Mayi, all Han-era names—five counties in all. Altogether seven commanderies and twenty-three counties were abolished and assigned to Southern Xu Province. He Chengtian's gazetteer of frontier seats also records Zhongli, Yanmen, Pingyuan, Dongping, and Northern Pei—five commanderies. Zhongli now falls under Xu Province. Yanmen governed Loufan, Yinguan, and Guangwu—three counties. Pingyuan governed Chiping, Linzi, Yingcheng, and Pingyuan—four counties. Dongping governed Fan, Chaoyang, and Licheng—three counties. Northern Pei governed Fuli, Xiao, Xiang, and Pei—four counties. Fuli was a county dating from the Han. The remaining counties are discussed elsewhere. Fourteen counties in all. The Daily Records note that in the eleventh year of Yuanjia (434), Pinglu in Southern Yan's Dongping was merged into Fan; Shouzhang into Chaoyang; Jimin and Jinning in Pingyuan into Yingcheng. Jimin Commandery had already been reduced to a county. Gaotang was merged into Chiping. These five counties abolished in the eleventh year of Yuanjia suggest Pinglu and Shouzhang ought to appear in the Yongchu gazetteer, yet neither is listed—the reason is unclear. The Liu Song gazetteer lists Southern Dongping with Fan, Chaoyang, Licheng, Loufan, Yinguan, Guangwu, Chiping, Yingcheng, Linzi, and Pingyuan—ten counties—indicating that Yanmen and Pingyuan were absorbed into Dongping. In the fifth year of Daming (461), Dongping was merged into Guangling. Song also set up five new refugee commanderies: Xinping, Northern Huaiyang, Northern Jiyin, Northern Xiapi, and Dongguan. In the twenty-eighth year of Yuanjia (451), Southern Yan Province relocated its seat to Xuyi. In the thirtieth year (453), Southern Yan was abolished and merged into Southern Xu; it was later re-established with its seat back at Guangling. The Liu Song gazetteer records nine commanderies and thirty-nine counties, with 31,115 registered households and a population of 159,362. By the end of Song it governed eleven commanderies and forty-four counties. Distance from the capital: 250 li by water, 180 li by land.

235

廣陵太守，漢高六年立，屬荊國，十一年，更屬吳；景帝四年，更名江都國；武帝元狩三年，更名廣陵。舊屬徐州。晉武帝太康三年，治淮陰故城，後又治射陽射陽別見。江左治廣陵。《永初郡國》又有輿前漢屬臨淮，後漢省臨淮屬廣陵，文帝元嘉十三年並江都也、肥如、潞、真定、新市五縣。並二漢舊名。肥如屬遼西，潞屬上黨，真定前漢屬真定，後漢省真定屬常山，晉亦屬常山。新市二漢、晉屬中山。《永初郡國》雲四縣本屬遼西，則是晉末遼西僑郡省並廣陵也。何有肥如、新市，徐與今同也。今領縣四，戶七千七百四十四，口四萬五千六百一十三。

Grand Administrator of Guangling: established in the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu of Han (201 BCE), under Jing Principality; in the eleventh year (196) it passed to Wu; in the fourth year of Emperor Jing (153 BCE) it was renamed Jiangdu Principality; in the third year of Yuanshou (116 BCE) it was renamed Guangling. Formerly under Xu Province. In the third year of Taikang (282), the seat was moved to old Huaiyin; it was later seated at Sheyang as well (see elsewhere). After crossing the Yangzi, the seat was at Guangling. The Yongchu gazetteer also lists Yu: under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai; under Later Han, when Linhuai was abolished, to Guangling; in the thirteenth year of Yuanjia (436) it was merged into Jiangdu. Together with Feiru, Lu, Zhending, and Xinshi—five counties in all. All are names dating from both Han dynasties. Feiru belonged to Liaoxi; Lu to Shangdang; Zhending, a Former Han seat of Zhending commandery, was placed under Changshan after Later Han abolished Zhending commandery, and remained under Changshan in Jin. Xinshi belonged to Zhongshan under both Han dynasties and under Jin. The Yongchu Commanderies and States states that the four counties originally belonged to Liaoxi, indicating that the frontier Liaoxi commandery was abolished and merged into Guangling at the end of Jin. He Chengtian's treatise lists Feiru and Xinshi; Xu Ai's account agrees with the present one. It now governed four counties, with 7,744 registered households and a population of 45,613.

236

廣陵令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Guangling: a county dating from the Han.

237

海陵令，前漢屬臨淮，後漢、晉屬廣陵，三國時廢，晉武帝太康元年復立。高郵令，漢舊縣。三國時廢，晉武帝太康元年復立。

Magistrate of Hailing: under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai, under Later Han and Jin to Guangling; abolished during the Three Kingdoms, it was restored in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280). Magistrate of Gaoyou: a county dating from the Han. It was abolished during the Three Kingdoms period and restored in the first year of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin (280).

238

江都令，漢舊縣。三國時廢，晉武帝太康六年復立。江左又省併輿縣，元嘉十三年復立，以併江都。

Magistrate of Jiangdu: a county dating from the Han. It was abolished during the Three Kingdoms period and re-established in the sixth year of Taikang (285). South of the Yangzi it was abolished again and merged with Yu County; in the thirteenth year of Yuanjia (436) it was re-established and combined with Jiangdu.

239

海陵太守，晉安帝分廣陵立。《永初郡國》屬徐州。領縣六，戶三千六百二十六，口二萬一千六百六十。去州水一百三十，陸同；去京都水三百九十，陸同。

Grand Administrator of Hailing: established by splitting off from Guangling under Emperor An of Jin. The Yongchu Commanderies and States lists it under Xu Province. It governed six counties, with 3,626 registered households and a population of 21,660. Distance from the province: 130 li by water, the same by land; distance from the capital: 390 li by water, the same by land.

240

建陵令，晉安帝立。

Magistrate of Jianling: established under Emperor An of Jin.

241

臨江令，晉安帝立。

Magistrate of Linjiang: established under Emperor An of Jin.

242

:如臯令，晉安帝立。

Magistrate of Rugao: established under Emperor An of Jin.

243

:寧海令，晉安帝立。

Magistrate of Ninghai: established under Emperor An of Jin.

244

蒲濤令，晉安帝立。

Magistrate of Putao: established under Emperor An of Jin.

245

臨澤令，明帝泰豫元年立。

Magistrate of Linze: established in the first year of Taiyu (472).

246

山陽太守，晉安帝義熙中土斷分廣陵立。案漢景帝分梁為山陽，非此郡也。《永初郡國》屬徐州。領縣四，戶二千八百一十四，口二萬二千四百七十。去州水三百，陸同；去京都水五百，陸同。

Grand Administrator of Shanyang: established through tuduan naturalization by splitting off from Guangling in the Yixi era under Emperor An of Jin. The Shanyang formed when Emperor Jing divided Liang was a different commandery from this one. The Yongchu Commanderies and States lists it under Xu Province. It governed four counties, with 2,814 registered households and a population of 22,470. Distance from the province: 300 li by water, the same by land; distance from the capital: 500 li by water, the same by land.

247

山陽令，射陽縣境，地名山陽，與郡俱立。

Magistrate of Shanyang: located within Sheyang County at a place called Shanyang; established together with the commandery.

248

鹽城令，舊曰鹽瀆，前漢屬臨淮，後漢、晉屬廣陵；三國時廢，晉武帝太康二年複立。晉安帝更名。

Magistrate of Yancheng: formerly Yandu; under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai, and under Later Han and Jin to Guangling; It was abolished during the Three Kingdoms period and re-established in the second year of Taikang (281). It was renamed under Emperor An of Jin.

249

東城令，晉安帝立。

Magistrate of Dongcheng: established under Emperor An of Jin.

250

左鄉令，晉安帝立。

Magistrate of Zuoxiang: established under Emperor An of Jin.

251

盱眙太守，盱眙本縣名，前漢屬臨淮，後漢屬下邳，晉屬臨淮，晉安帝分立。領縣五，戶一千五百一十八，口六千八百二十五。去州水四百九十，陸二百九；去京都水七百，陸五百。

Grand Administrator of Xuyi: Xuyi was originally a county; under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai, under Later Han to Xiapi, and under Jin again to Linhuai, before being raised to a separate commandery under Emperor An of Jin. It governed five counties, with 1,518 registered households and a population of 6,825. Distance from the province: 490 li by water and 209 by land; distance from the capital: 700 li by water and 500 by land.

252

考城令。別見

Magistrate of Kaocheng. See elsewhere.

253

陽城令，晉安帝立。

Magistrate of Yangcheng: established under Emperor An of Jin.

254

直瀆令，晉安帝立。

Magistrate of Zhidu: established under Emperor An of Jin.

255

信都令，信都雖漢舊名，其地非也。地在河北，宋末立。

Magistrate of Xindu: although Xindu is an old Han place-name, this was not the original site. It lay north of the Yellow River and was established at the end of the Liu Song.

256

睢陵令，前漢屬臨淮，後漢屬下邳，《晉太康地志》無。宋末立。

Magistrate of Suiling: under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai and under Later Han to Xiapi; the Jin Taikang Gazetteer of the Land does not mention it. It was established at the end of the Liu Song.

257

秦郡太守，晉武帝分扶風為秦國，中原亂，其民南流，寄居堂邑。堂邑本為縣，前漢屬臨淮，後漢屬廣陵，晉又屬臨淮，晉惠帝永興元年，分臨淮淮陵立堂邑郡，安帝改堂邑為秦郡。永初郡國屬豫州，元嘉八年度南兗。永初郡國又領臨塗、晉、宋立。平丘、漢舊，屬陳留，晉太康地志無。外黃、漢舊名，屬陳留。沛、雍丘、浚儀、頓丘別見。凡七縣。何無雍丘、外黃、平丘、沛，徐又無浚儀。元嘉八年，以沛併頓丘。後廢帝元徽元年，割頓丘屬新昌。領縣四。戶三千三百三十三，口一萬五千二百九十六。去州水二百四十一，陸一百八十。去京都水一百五十，陸一百四十。秦令，本屬秦國，流寓立。文帝元嘉八年，以臨塗併秦，以外黃併浚儀。孝武孝建元年，以浚儀併秦。

Grand Administrator of Qin Commandery: Emperor Wu of Jin split Qin State off from Fufeng; during the disorders in the Central Plain, its people fled south and settled temporarily in Tangyi. Tangyi was originally a county: under Former Han it belonged to Linhuai, under Later Han to Guangling, and under Jin again to Linhuai. In the first year of Yongxing under Emperor Hui of Jin (304), Huailing in Linhuai was split off to establish Tangyi Commandery; Emperor An renamed Tangyi as Qin Commandery. The Yongchu Commanderies and States places it under Yu Province; in the eighth year of Yuanjia (431), it was transferred to Southern Yan. The Yongchu Commanderies and States also lists Lintu, established under Jin and Song. Pingqiu was a Han-era county belonging to Chenliu; it is absent from the Jin Taikang Geography. Waihuang was an old Han county name and belonged to Chenliu. Pei, Yongqiu, Junyi, and Dunqiu are discussed elsewhere. There were seven counties in all. He's account omits Yongqiu, Waihuang, Pingqiu, and Pei; Xu's also omits Junyi. In the eighth year of Yuanjia (431), Pei was merged into Dunqiu. In the first year of Yuanhui under the Later Deposed Emperor (473), Dunqiu was reassigned to Xinchang. It governed four counties. It had 3,333 registered households and a population of 15,296. Distance from the provincial seat: 241 li by water and 180 li by land. Distance from the capital: 150 li by water and 140 li by land. Magistrate of Qin: originally belonging to Qin State, it was set up for displaced settlers. In the eighth year of Yuanjia under Emperor Wen (431), Lintu was merged into Qin and Waihuang into Junyi. In the first year of Xiaojian under Emperor Xiaowu (454), Junyi was merged into Qin.

258

義成令，江左立。

Magistrate of Yicheng: established south of the Yangzi.

259

尉氏令，漢舊名，屬陳留。文帝元嘉八年，以平丘並尉氏。

Magistrate of Weishi: an old Han place-name that belonged to Chenliu. In the eighth year of Yuanjia (431), Pingqiu was merged into Weishi.

260

懷德令，孝武大明五年立。又以曆陽之烏江，並此為二縣，立臨江郡。前廢帝永光元年，省臨江郡。懷德即住郡治，烏江還本也。

Magistrate of Huaide: established in the fifth year of Daming (459). Wujiang, taken from Liyang, was combined with this county to form two counties and establish Linjiang Commandery. In the first year of Yongguang (465), under the Former Deposed Emperor, Linjiang Commandery was abolished. Huaide then served as the commandery seat, and Wujiang was restored to its original affiliation.

261

南沛太守沛郡別見，何志雲，北沛新立；徐雲南沛。《永初郡國》又有符離、洨並別見、竹邑前漢曰竹。李奇曰，今邑也。後漢曰竹邑。至晉並屬沛。杼秋前漢屬梁，後漢、《晉太康地志》屬沛。四縣。杼秋治無錫，餘並治廣陵。文帝元嘉十二年，以北沛郡竹邑並杼秋，何、徐並無此二縣，不詳。《起居注》，孝武大明五年，分廣陵為沛郡，治肥如縣。時無複肥如縣，當是肥如故縣處也。二漢、《晉太康地志》並無肥如縣。沛郡宜是大明五年以前省，其時又立也。今領縣三，戶一千一百九，口一萬二千九百七十。

Grand Administrator of Southern Pei: Pei Commandery (see elsewhere). He Chengtian's treatise says Northern Pei was newly established; Xu Ai's treatise lists Southern Pei. The Yongchu Commanderies and States also lists Fuli and Jiao (both see elsewhere); Zhuyi was called Zhu in Former Han. Li Qi says it was the present Yi. Under Later Han it was called Zhuyi. By the Jin both belonged to Pei. Zhuqiu belonged to Liang under Former Han and to Pei under Later Han and in the Jin Taikang Gazetteer of the Land. Four counties. Zhuqiu had its seat at Wuxi; the others were administered from Guangling. In the twelfth year of Yuanjia (435), Zhuyi of Northern Pei Commandery was merged into Zhuqiu; neither He Chengtian nor Xu Ai lists these two counties, and the matter remains unclear. The Court Diaries record that in the fifth year of Daming (461), Guangling was split to form Pei Commandery, seated at Feiru County. Feiru County no longer existed by then; the seat must have been placed at the site of the former Feiru county. Neither the two Han dynasties nor the Jin Taikang Gazetteer of the Land mentions Feiru County. Pei Commandery was likely abolished before the fifth year of Daming and then re-established at that time. It now governed three counties, with 1,109 registered households and a population of 12,970.

262

蕭縣令。別見

Magistrate of Xiao County. See elsewhere.

263

相縣令。別見

Magistrate of Xiang County. See elsewhere.

264

沛縣令。別見

Magistrate of Pei County. See elsewhere.

265

新平太守，明帝泰始七年立。

Grand Administrator of Xinping: established in the seventh year of Taishi (471).

266

江陽令。郡同立。

Magistrate of Jiangyang. Established together with the commandery.

267

海安令。郡同立。

Magistrate of Hai'an. Established together with the commandery.

268

北淮陽太守，宋末僑立。

Grand Administrator of Northern Huaiyang: established as a frontier commandery at the end of the Liu Song.

269

晉寧令。別見

Magistrate of Jinning. See elsewhere.

270

宿預令。別見

Magistrate of Suyu. See elsewhere.

271

角城令。別見

Magistrate of Jiaocheng. See elsewhere.

272

北濟陰太守濟陰郡別見，宋失淮北僑立。

Grand Administrator of Northern Jiyin: Jiyin Commandery (see elsewhere); established as a frontier commandery after the Liu Song lost the Huai north bank.

273

廣平令，前漢臨淮有廣平縣，後漢以後無。

Magistrate of Guangping: Former Han Linhuai included Guangping County, but it disappeared after Later Han.

274

定陶令。別見

Magistrate of Dingtao. See elsewhere.

275

陽平令。別見

Magistrate of Yangping. See elsewhere.

276

上黨令。別見

Magistrate of Shangdang. See elsewhere.

277

冤句令。別見

Magistrate of Yuanqu. See elsewhere.

278

館陶令。別見

Magistrate of Guantao. See elsewhere.

279

北下邳太守下邳郡別見，宋失淮北僑立。

Grand Administrator of Northern Xiapi: Xiapi Commandery (see elsewhere); established as a frontier commandery after the Liu Song lost the Huai north bank.

280

僮縣令。別見

Magistrate of Tong County. See elsewhere.

281

下邳令。別見

Magistrate of Xiapi. See elsewhere.

282

寧城令。別見

Magistrate of Ningcheng. See elsewhere.

283

東莞太守東莞郡別見，宋失淮北僑立。

Grand Administrator of Dongguan: Dongguan Commandery (see elsewhere); after Song lost territory north of the Huai, it was set up as a frontier jurisdiction.

284

莒縣令。別見

Magistrate of Ju County. See elsewhere.

285

諸縣令。別見

Magistrate of Zhu County. See elsewhere.

286

東莞令。別見

Magistrate of Dongguan. See elsewhere.

287

柏人令，漢舊名，屬趙國。宋失淮北僑立。

Magistrate of Boren: a Han-era name under Zhao Principality. After Song lost territory north of the Huai, it was set up as a frontier jurisdiction.

288

兗州刺史，後漢治山陽昌邑，魏、晉治廩丘；武帝平河南，治滑台；文帝元嘉十三年，治鄒山，又寄治彭城。二十年，省兗州，分郡屬徐、冀州。三十年六月複立，治瑕丘。二漢山陽有瑕丘縣。《永初郡國》有東郡、陳留、濮陽三郡，而無陽平。東郡領白馬別見、涼城二漢東郡有聊城縣，《晉太康地志》無，疑此是、東燕別見三縣。陳留郡領酸棗漢舊縣、小黃、雍丘、白馬、襄邑、尉氏六縣。郡縣並別見。濮陽郡領濮陽、廩丘並別見二縣。宋末失淮北，僑立兗州，寄治淮陰淮陰別見。兗州領郡六，縣三十一，戶二萬九千三百四十，口一十四萬五千五百八十一。

Inspector of Yan Province: under Later Han the seat was at Changyi in Shanyang; under Wei and Jin at Linqiu; after Emperor Wu pacified Henan, the seat moved to Huatai; in the thirteenth year of Yuanjia (436) the seat was at Zou Mountain, with attached administration from Pengcheng; in the twentieth year (443) Yan Province was abolished and its commanderies assigned to Xu and Ji; in the sixth month of the thirtieth year (453) it was restored, with its seat at Xiaqiu. Both Han dynasties listed Xiaqiu County in Shanyang. The Yongchu gazetteer lists Dong, Chenliu, and Puyang but not Yangping. Dong Commandery governed Baima (see elsewhere) and Liangcheng; both Han dynasties placed Liaocheng in Dong Commandery, though the Jin Taikang Geography omits it—likely the same place, and Dongyan (see elsewhere)—three counties in all. Chenliu Commandery governed Suizao (a Han-era county), Xiaohuang, Yongqiu, Baima, Xiangyi, and Weishi—six counties. The commandery and its counties are all discussed elsewhere. Puyang Commandery governed Puyang and Linqiu (both see elsewhere)—two counties. Late in the Song, after territory north of the Huai was lost, a frontier Yan Province was set up with its seat attached at Huaiyin (see elsewhere). Yan Province governed six commanderies and thirty-one counties, with 29,340 registered households and a population of 145,581.

289

泰山太守，漢高立。《永初郡國》又有山茌別見、萊蕪漢舊名、太原本郡，僑立此縣三縣，而無钜平縣。今領縣八，戶八千一百七十七，口四萬五千五百八十一。去州陸八百；去京都陸一千八百。

Grand Administrator of Taishan: established under Emperor Gaozu of Han. The Yongchu gazetteer also lists Shanzhi (see elsewhere), Laiwu (a Han-era name), and a county from original Taiyuan—all three established here as frontier counties—but not Juping. It now governs eight counties, with 8,177 registered households and a population of 45,581. Distance from the provincial seat: 800 li by land; from the capital: 1,800 li by land.

290

奉高令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Fenggao: a county dating from the Han.

291

鉅平令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Juping: a county dating from the Han.

292

嬴令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Ying: a county dating from the Han.

293

牟令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Mou: a county dating from the Han.

294

南城令，前漢屬東海，後漢、晉屬泰山。

Magistrate of Nancheng: under Former Han it belonged to Donghai; under Later Han and Jin it belonged to Taishan.

295

武陽令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Wuyang: a county dating from the Han.

296

梁父令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Liangfu: a county dating from the Han.

297

博令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Bo: a county dating from the Han.

298

高平太守，故梁國，漢景帝中六年，分為山陽國，武帝建元五年為郡，晉武帝泰始元年更名。永初郡國及徐並又有任城縣，前漢屬東平，章帝元和元年，分東平為任城，又屬焉。晉亦屬任城。江左省郡為縣也。後省。今領縣六。戶六千三百五十八，口二萬一千一百一十二。去州陸二百二十。去京都陸一千三百三十。宋明帝泰始五年，僑立於淮南當塗縣界，領高平、金鄉二縣。其年又立睢陵縣。高平令，前漢名稿，章帝更名。

Grand Administrator of Gaoping: formerly the kingdom of Liang. In the sixth year of Zhong under Emperor Jing of Han it was split off as the kingdom of Shanyang; in the fifth year of Jianyuan under Emperor Wu (136 BCE) it became a commandery, and in the first year of Taishi under Emperor Wu of Jin (265) it was renamed. The Yongchu Commanderies and States and Xu both also list Rencheng County. Under Former Han it belonged to Dongping; in the first year of Yuanhe under Emperor Zhang (84), Rencheng was split off from Dongping, and the county belonged to it again. Under Jin it also belonged to Rencheng. South of the Yangzi the commandery was abolished and reduced to a county. It was later abolished. It now governs six counties. It had 6,358 registered households and a population of 21,112. Distance from the provincial seat: 220 li by land. Distance from the capital: 1,330 li by land. In the fifth year of Taishi under Emperor Ming of Song (469), it was set up in exile within Dangtu County in Huainan, governing Gaoping and Jinxiang counties. Suiling County was also established that year. Magistrate of Gaoping: under Former Han it was called Gao; Emperor Zhang renamed it.

299

方與令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Fangyu: a county dating from the Han.

300

金鄉令，前漢無，後漢、晉有。

Magistrate of Jinxiang: absent from Former Han; listed in Later Han and Jin.

301

钜野令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Juye: a county dating from the Han.

302

平陽令，漢舊縣。曰南平陽。

Magistrate of Pingyang: a county dating from the Han. It was called Southern Pingyang.

303

亢父令，漢舊縣。舊屬任城。

Magistrate of Kangfu: a county dating from the Han. It formerly belonged to Rencheng.

304

魯郡太守，秦薛郡，漢高後更名。本屬徐州，光武改屬豫州，江左屬兗州。領縣六，戶四千六百三十一，口二萬八千三百七。去州陸三百五十；去京都陸一千一百。

Grand Administrator of Lu: under Qin this was Xue Commandery, renamed by Emperor Gaozu of Han. Originally under Xu Province; Guangwu transferred it to Yu Province; east of the Yangzi it belongs to Yan. It governed six counties, with 4,631 registered households and a population of 28,307. Distance from the provincial seat: 350 li by land; from the capital: 1,100 li by land.

305

鄒令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Zou: a county dating from the Han.

306

汶陽令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Wenyang: a county dating from the Han.

307

魯令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Lu: a county dating from the Han.

308

陽平令，孝武大明元年立。

Magistrate of Yangping: established in the first year of Daming (457).

309

新陽令，孝武大明中立。

Magistrate of Xinyang: established under Emperor Xiaowu during the Daming era.

310

卞令，明帝泰始二年立。

Magistrate of Bian: established in the second year of Taishi (466).

311

東平太守，漢景帝分梁為濟東國，宣帝更名。領縣五，戶四千一百五十九，口一萬七千二百九十五。去州水五百，陸同；去京都水二千，陸一千四百。宋末又僑立于淮陰。

Grand Administrator of Dongping: Emperor Jing of Han split Liang to create the Principality of Jidong, which Emperor Xuan renamed Dongping. It governed five counties, with 4,159 registered households and a population of 17,295. Distance from the provincial seat: 500 li by water, the same by land; from the capital: 2,000 li by water, 1,400 li by land. Late in the Song it was again set up as a frontier jurisdiction at Huaiyin.

312

無鹽令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Wuyan: a county dating from the Han.

313

平陸令，漢舊縣。

Magistrate of Pinglu: a county dating from the Han.

314

須昌令，前漢屬東郡，後漢、《晉太康地志》屬東平。

Magistrate of Xuchang: under Former Han it belonged to Dong Commandery; under Later Han and the Jin Taikang Geography it belonged to Dongping.

315

壽昌令，春秋時曰良，前漢曰壽良，屬東郡；光武改曰壽張，屬東平。

Magistrate of Shouzhang: in the Spring and Autumn era it was called Liang; under Former Han it was Shouliang, under Dong Commandery; Guangwu renamed it Shouzhang and placed it under Dongping.

316

範令，漢舊縣。四縣並治郡下。

Magistrate of Fan: a county dating from the Han. All four counties had their seats at the commandery seat.

317

陽平太守，魏分魏郡立。文帝元嘉中，流寓來屬，後省，孝武大明元年複立。領縣五，戶二千八百五十七，口一萬一千二百七十一。

Grand Administrator of Yangping: established under Wei by splitting off from Wei Commandery. During Yuanjia (424–453) refugees were assigned here; the commandery was later abolished and restored in the first year of Daming (457). It governed five counties, with 2,857 registered households and a population of 11,271.

318

館陶令，漢舊名，寄治無鹽。

Magistrate of Guantao: a Han-era name, administered from Wuyan by attachment.

319

樂平令，魏立，屬陽平。後漢東郡有樂平，非也。寄治下平陸。

Magistrate of Leyping: established under Wei, under Yangping. Later Han's Dong Commandery also had a Leyping, but that was a different place. Administered from Pinglu by attachment.

320

元城令，漢舊。寄治無鹽。

Magistrate of Yuancheng: a Han-era county. Administered from Wuyan by attachment.

321

平原令，別見。孝武大明中立。頓丘令，別見。孝武大明中立。濟北太守，漢和帝永元二年，分泰山立。永初郡國有臨邑、二漢屬東郡，晉太康地志屬濟北。東阿二漢屬東郡，晉無。二縣，孝武大明元年省，應在何志而無，未詳。領縣三。戶三千一百五十八，口一萬七千三。去州陸七百。去京都水二千，陸一千五百。宋末又僑立於淮陽。

Magistrate of Pingyuan: discussed elsewhere. Established during the Daming era under Emperor Xiaowu. Magistrate of Dunqiu: discussed elsewhere. Established during the Daming era under Emperor Xiaowu. Grand Administrator of Jibei: established in the second year of Yongyuan under Emperor He of Han (90) by splitting off from Taishan. The Yongchu Commanderies and States lists Linyi: under both Han dynasties it belonged to Dong Commandery, while the Jin Taikang Geography places it under Jibei. Dong'e belonged to Dong Commandery under both Han dynasties; it was absent under Jin. The two counties were abolished in the first year of Daming under Emperor Xiaowu (457). They ought to appear in He's treatise but do not; the reason is unclear. It governed three counties. It had 3,158 registered households and a population of 17,003. Distance from the provincial seat: 700 li by land. Distance from the capital: 2,000 li by water and 1,500 li by land. Late in the Song it was also set up in exile at Huaiyang.

322

蛇丘令，前漢屬泰山，後漢、《晉太康地志》屬濟北。

Magistrate of Sheqiu: under Former Han it belonged to Taishan; under Later Han and the Jin Taikang Geography it belonged to Jibei.

323

盧令，前漢屬泰山，後漢、《晉太康地志》屬濟北。

Magistrate of Lu: under Former Han it belonged to Taishan; under Later Han and the Jin Taikang Geography it belonged to Jibei.

324

穀城令，前漢無，後漢屬東郡，《晉太康地志》屬濟北。

Magistrate of Gucheng: absent from Former Han; under Later Han it belonged to Dong Commandery; the Jin Taikang Geography assigns it to Jibei.

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