1
志第三十百官下
Treatise 30 — Lower Officials.
2
給事黃門侍郎，四人，與侍中俱掌門下眾事。 郊廟臨軒，則一人執麾。 《漢百官表》秦曰給事黃門，無員，掌侍從左右，漢因之。 漢東京曰給事黃門侍郎，亦無員，掌侍從左右，關通中外，諸王朝見，則引王就坐。 應劭曰：「每日莫向青瑣門拜，謂之夕郎。」 史臣按，劉向與子歆書曰：「黃門郎，顯處也。」 然則前漢世已為黃門侍郎矣。 董巴《漢書》曰：「禁門曰黃闥，中人主之，故號曰黃門令。」 然則黃門郎給事黃闥之內，故曰黃門郎也。 魏、晉以來員四人，秩六百石。
There were four Supervisors of Attendants at the Yellow Gates; together with the Palace Attendants they oversaw all Chancellery affairs. At suburban rites and temple ceremonies when the emperor sat facing the hall, one of them held the ceremonial banner. According to the Han Tables of Officials, under the Qin the office was called Attendant Serving at the Yellow Gate, without a fixed quota, attending at the ruler's left and right; the Han adopted the same arrangement. At the Eastern Han capital the title was Supervisor of Attendants at the Yellow Gate, again without a fixed quota, attending at left and right and linking the inner and outer courts; when feudal kings came for audience, they escorted the king to his seat. Ying Shao writes: "Each evening they bow toward the Green Lattice Gate, whence they are called Evening Gentlemen." The historian notes: in Liu Xiang's letter to his son Xin he writes, "Yellow Gate Attendant is a conspicuous post." Thus even in the Former Han the post was already called Yellow Gate Attendant. Dong Ba's Han shu states: "The forbidden gate is called the Yellow Portal; eunuchs oversee it, hence the title Yellow Gate Director." Accordingly, the Yellow Gate Attendant served inside the Yellow Portal, which is why the title bears the name Yellow Gate. From the Wei and Jin dynasties onward there were four posts, at the rank of six hundred bushels.
3
公車令，一人。 掌受章奏。 秦有公車司馬令，屬衛尉，漢因之，掌宮南闕門。 凡吏民上章，四方貢獻，及征詣公車者，皆掌之。 晉江左以來，直雲公車令。
Imperial Carriage Director: one office. He received all written memorials. Under the Qin there was an Imperial Carriage Master of Horse, subordinate to the Minister of Guards; the Han kept the office, which controlled the southern gate-tower of the palace. He handled every memorial from officials and commoners, tribute arriving from all quarters, and anyone summoned to report at the Imperial Carriage office. After the Jin crossed south, the office was called simply Imperial Carriage Director.
4
太醫令，一人。 丞一人。 《周官》為醫師，秦為太醫令，至二漢屬少府。 太官令，一人。 丞一人。 《周官》為膳夫，秦為太官令，至漢屬少府。
Grand Physician Director: one office. One assistant director. The Offices of Zhou placed physicians under a Physician Master; the Qin renamed the post Grand Physician Director; under both Han dynasties it fell under the Privy Treasurer. Grand Steward Director: one office. One assistant director. The Offices of Zhou had a Diet Master; the Qin renamed the post Grand Steward Director; under the Han it too belonged to the Privy Treasurer.
5
驊騮廄丞，一人。 漢西京為龍馬長，漢東京為未央廄令，魏為驊騮令。 自公車令至此，隸侍中。
Assistant Director of the Hualiu Stables: one office. At the Western Han capital the post was Dragon Horse Chief; at the Eastern Han capital it was Director of the Weiyang Stables; under the Wei it was Hualiu Director. From the Imperial Carriage Director through these offices, all were subordinate to the Palace Attendant.
6
散騎常侍，四人。 掌侍左右。 秦置散騎，又置中常侍，散騎並乘輿車後； 中常侍得入禁中。 皆無員，並為加官。 漢東京初省散騎，而中常侍因用宦者。 魏文帝黃初初，置散騎，合於中常侍，謂之散騎常侍，始以孟達補之。 久次者為祭酒散騎常侍，秩比二千石。
Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary: four offices. They attended at the ruler's left and right. The Qin created Cavalier Attendants and also Regular Palace Attendants; the Cavalier Attendants all rode behind the imperial carriage; while the Regular Palace Attendants were allowed into the forbidden inner quarters. Neither had a fixed quota; both were supplementary appointments. Early in the Eastern Han capital the Cavalier Attendants were abolished, and Regular Palace Attendants came to be filled by eunuchs. At the opening of Emperor Wen of Wei's Huangchu reign, Cavalier Attendants were restored and merged with the Regular Palace Attendants under the title Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary; Meng Da received the first appointment. The senior incumbent was styled Libationer Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary, at the equivalent rank of two thousand bushels.
7
通直散騎常侍，四人。 魏末散騎常侍又有在員外者，晉武帝使二人與散騎常侍通直，故謂之通直散騎常侍。 晉江左置五人。 員外散騎常侍，魏末置，無員。
Regular Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary for Direct Communication: four offices. Late in the Wei some Cavalier Attendants-in-Ordinary served outside the regular quota; Emperor Wu of Jin assigned two men to liaise directly with the regular incumbents, whence the title Regular Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary for Direct Communication. After the Jin crossed south the quota was raised to five. Supernumerary Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary: created late in the Wei, without a fixed quota.
8
散騎侍郎，四人。 魏初與散騎常侍同置。 魏、晉散騎常侍、侍郎，與侍中、黃門侍郎共平尚書奏事，江左乃罷。 通直散騎侍郎，四人。 初晉武帝置員外散騎侍郎四人，元帝使二人與散騎侍郎通直，故謂之通直散騎侍郎，後增為四人。 員外散騎侍郎，晉武帝置，無員。
Cavalier Attendant: four offices. The Wei created the post at the same time as the Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. Under the Wei and Jin, Cavalier Attendants-in-Ordinary and Cavalier Attendants, together with Palace Attendants and Yellow Gate Attendants, jointly reviewed Secretariat memorials; the Eastern Jin abolished the practice. Cavalier Attendant for Direct Communication: four offices. Emperor Wu of Jin first appointed four Supernumerary Cavalier Attendants; Emperor Yuan assigned two to liaise directly with the regular Cavalier Attendants, whence the title Cavalier Attendant for Direct Communication; the quota was later fixed at four. Supernumerary Cavalier Attendant: created by Emperor Wu of Jin, without a fixed quota.
9
給事中，無員。 漢西京置。 掌顧問應對，位次中常侍。 漢東京省，魏世複置。
Attendant Within: no fixed quota. The office was created at the Western Han capital. They advised and answered the ruler, ranking just below the Regular Palace Attendant. The Eastern Han capital abolished the post; the Wei restored it.
10
奉朝請，無員，亦不為官。 漢東京罷省三公、外戚、宗室、諸侯，多奉朝請。 奉朝請者，奉朝會請召而已。 晉武帝亦以宗室外戚為奉車、駙馬、騎都尉，而奉朝請焉。 元帝為晉王，以參軍為奉車都尉，掾、屬為駙馬都尉，行參軍、舍人為騎都尉，皆奉朝請。 後省奉車、騎都尉，唯留駙馬都尉、奉朝請。 永初已來，以奉朝請選雜，其尚主者唯拜駙馬都尉。 三都尉並漢武帝置。 孝建初，奉朝請省。 駙馬都尉、三都尉秩比二千石。
Court Supplicant: no fixed quota and not treated as a regular office. When the Eastern Han capital stripped the Three Dukes, consort kin, imperial clansmen, and feudal lords of their posts, many were made Court Supplicants instead. A Court Supplicant simply attended court when summoned to the assembly. Emperor Wu of Jin likewise appointed imperial clansmen and consort kin as Masters of the Carriage, Masters of the Stables, and Commandants of Cavalry, all with the status of Court Supplicant. When Emperor Yuan was still Prince of Jin, military aides became Commandants of the Carriage, clerks and aides became Commandants of the Stables, and acting aides and attendants became Commandants of Cavalry, each also holding Court Supplicant status. Later the Commandant of the Carriage and Commandant of Cavalry were abolished, leaving only the Commandant of the Stables and the Court Supplicant. From the Yongchu reign onward Court Supplicant appointments grew heterogeneous; a man who married an imperial princess received only the Commandant of the Stables. All three commandancies were created by Emperor Wu of Han. At the opening of the Xiaojian era the Court Supplicant was abolished. The Commandant of the Stables and the three commandancies carried the equivalent rank of two thousand bushels.
11
中書令，一人。 中書監人，一人。 中書侍郎，四人。 中書通事舍人，四人。 漢武帝游後廷，始使宦者典尚書事，謂之中書謁者，置令、僕射。 元帝時，令弘恭，僕射石顯，秉勢用事，權傾內外。 成帝改中書謁者令曰中謁者令，罷僕射。 漢東京省中謁者令，而有中宮謁者令，非其職也。 魏武帝為王，置秘書令，典尚書奏事，又其任也。 文帝黃初初，改為中書令，又置監，及通事郎，次黃門郎。 黃門郎已署事過，通事乃奉以入，為帝省讀書可。 晉改曰中書侍郎，員四人。 晉江左初，改中書侍郎曰通事郎，尋複為中書侍郎。 晉初置舍人一人，通事一人。 江左初，合舍人通事謂之通事舍人，掌呈奏案章。 後省通事，中書差侍郎一人直西省，又掌詔命。 宋初又置通事舍人，而侍郎之任輕矣。 舍人直閣內，隸中書。 其下有主事，本用武官，宋改用文吏。
Director of the Secretariat: one office. Supervisor of the Secretariat: one office. Secretariat Attendant: four offices. Secretariat Attendant for Communications: four offices. When Emperor Wu of Han visited the rear apartments, he first put eunuchs in charge of Secretariat business under the title Secretariat Chamberlain, with a director and vice director. Under Emperor Yuan, Director Hong Gong and Vice Director Shi Xian seized power and ran affairs until their authority dominated court and capital alike. Emperor Cheng renamed the Secretariat Chamberlain Director as Central Chamberlain Director and abolished the vice directorship. The Eastern Han capital abolished the Central Chamberlain Director, though an Inner Palace Chamberlain Director remained—a separate office altogether. When Cao Cao was still king of Wei, he created a Palace Secretary Director to handle Secretariat memorials, reviving the same function. At the opening of Emperor Wen's Huangchu reign the post became Director of the Secretariat; a supervisor was added, along with Attendants for Communications ranking below the Yellow Gate Attendants. Once the Yellow Gate Attendant had endorsed a document, the Attendant for Communications carried it in and read it aloud for the emperor's approval. The Jin renamed the post Secretariat Attendant and fixed the quota at four. Early in the Eastern Jin the Secretariat Attendant was briefly renamed Attendant for Communications, then soon restored. At the founding of the Jin one secretariat attendant and one communications attendant were appointed. Early in the southward court the two posts were merged as Attendant for Communications, responsible for presenting memorials and case documents. Later the separate communications attendant was abolished; the Secretariat detailed one attendant to the Western Office, which also handled imperial edicts. At the founding of the Liu Song the Attendant for Communications was restored, and the Secretariat Attendant's duties grew lighter. The attendants were stationed inside the inner pavilion and reported to the Secretariat. Beneath them were clerks; originally military officers filled the posts, but the Song replaced them with civil administrators.
12
秘書監，一人。 秘書丞，一人。 秘書郎，四人。 漢桓帝延熹二年，置秘書監。 皇甫規與張奐書雲「從兄秘書它何動靜」是也。 應劭《漢官》曰：「秘書監一人，六百石。」 後省。 魏武帝為魏王，置秘書令、秘書丞。 秘書典尚書奏事。 文帝黃初初，置中書令，典尚書奏事，而秘書改令為監。 後欲以何楨為秘書丞，而秘書先自有丞，乃以楨為秘書右丞。 後省。 掌藝文圖籍。 《周官》外史掌四方之志、三皇五帝之書，即其任也。 漢西京圖籍所藏，有天府、石渠、蘭台、石室、延閣、廣內之府是也。 東京圖書在東觀。 晉武帝以秘書並中書，省監，謂丞為中書秘書丞。 惠帝複置著作郎一人，佐郎八人，掌國史。 周世左史記事，右史記言，即其任也。 漢東京圖籍在東觀，故使名儒碩學，著作東觀，撰述國史。 著作之名，自此始也。 魏世隸中書。 晉武世，繆征為中書著作郎。 元康中，改隸秘書，後別自為省，而猶隸秘書。 著作郎謂之大著作，專掌史任。 晉制，著作佐郎始到職，必撰名臣傳一人。 宋氏初，國朝始建，未有合撰者，此制遂替矣。
Supervisor of the Palace Secretariat: one office. Assistant Director of the Palace Secretariat: one office. Palace Secretariat Attendant: four offices. In the second year of Emperor Huan's Yanxi reign (159 CE) the court created the Supervisor of the Palace Secretariat. Huangfu Gui's letter to Zhang Huan asking "How are my cousin the Palace Secretary getting on?" refers to this same office. Ying Shao's Han Offices records: "One Supervisor of the Palace Secretariat, at six hundred bushels." The post was later abolished. When Cao Cao was king of Wei he appointed a Palace Secretary Director and Assistant Director. The Palace Secretariat handled Secretariat memorials. At the opening of Emperor Wen's Huangchu reign a Director of the Secretariat was created to handle memorials, and the Palace Secretary Director was demoted to supervisor. Later the court wished to appoint He Zhen as assistant director, but the Palace Secretariat already had one, so Zhen was made Right Assistant Director instead. The right assistant directorship was later abolished. The office oversaw literary works, maps, and archival registers. In the Offices of Zhou the Outer Scribe kept records of the four quarters and writings of the Three August Ones and Five Emperors—the same responsibility. At the Western Han capital the collections were housed in the Heavenly Storehouse, Stone Canal, Orchid Terrace, Stone Chamber, Extended Pavilion, and Broad Inner repositories. At the Eastern Han capital the library stood in the Eastern Pavilion. Emperor Wu of Jin merged the Palace Secretariat into the Directorate of the Secretariat, abolished the supervisor, and styled the assistant director the Secretariat–Palace Secretariat Assistant Director. Emperor Hui restored one Authoring Attendant with eight assistants to compile the national history. In Zhou times the left scribe recorded events and the right scribe recorded speeches—the same division of labor. Because the Eastern Han library lay in the Eastern Pavilion, leading scholars were sent there to compile the national history. The title Authoring Attendant dates from this practice. Under the Wei it reported to the Secretariat. During Emperor Wu of Jin's reign Miao Zheng served as Secretariat Authoring Attendant. In the Yuankang era it was placed under the Palace Secretariat; later it became a separate bureau, though still nominally under the Palace Secretariat. The Authoring Attendant was styled Grand Author and held sole responsibility for historical compilation. Under Jin rules, a newly appointed Assistant Authoring Attendant had to draft one biography of a noted minister. When the Liu Song dynasty was first founded, no suitable compiler was available, and the rule fell into disuse.
13
護軍將軍，一人。 掌外軍。 秦時護軍都尉，漢因之。 陳平為護軍中尉，盡護諸將。 然則複以都尉為中尉矣。 武帝元狩四年，以護軍都尉屬大司馬，于時複為都尉矣。 《漢書·李廣傳》，廣為驍騎將軍，屬護軍將軍。 蓋護軍護諸將軍。 哀帝元壽元年，更名護軍都尉曰司寇。 平帝元始元年，更名護軍都尉。 東京省，班固為大將軍中護軍，隸將軍莫府，非漢朝列職。 魏武為相，以韓浩為護軍，史奐為領軍，非漢官也。 建安十二年，改護軍為中護軍，領軍為中領軍，置長史、司馬。 魏初因置護軍，主武官選，隸領軍，晉世則不隸也。 晉元帝永昌元年，省護軍並領軍。 明帝太寧二年，複置。 魏、晉江右領、護各領營兵； 江左以來，領軍不復別置營，總統二衛驍騎材官諸營，護軍猶別有營也。 領、護資重者為領軍、護軍將軍，資輕者為中領軍、中護軍。 官屬有長史、司馬、功曹、主簿、五官。 受命出征，則置參軍。
General Who Protects the Army: one office. He commanded the outer armies. The Qin created a Commandant Who Protects the Army; the Han kept the office. Chen Ping served as Central Commandant Who Protects the Army, overseeing all field commanders. Thus the post was again styled a central commandant. In the fourth year of Emperor Wu's Yuanshou reign (119 BCE) the Commandant Who Protects the Army was placed under the Grand Marshal, and the title reverted to commandant. The Han shu, Biography of Li Guang, records that Li Guang served as General of Valiant Cavalry under the General Who Protects the Army. The Protector of the Army, in short, oversaw all other generals. In the first year of Emperor Ai's Yuanshou reign (2 BCE) the Commandant Who Protects the Army was renamed Minister of Corrections. In the first year of Emperor Ping's Yuanshi reign (1 CE) the title was restored to Commandant Who Protects the Army. The Eastern Han capital abolished the regular post; Ban Gu served as Central Protector of the Army on the Grand General's staff—a special appointment, not a standing Han office. When Cao Cao was chancellor he appointed Han Hao Protector of the Army and Shi Huan Commander of the Army—titles outside the Han roster. In the twelfth year of Jian'an (207 CE) the Protector of the Army became Central Protector of the Army and the Commander of the Army became Central Commander of the Army, each with a chief clerk and master of horse. Early in the Wei the Protector of the Army was restored to manage military appointments under the Commander of the Army; under the Jin it reported independently. In the first year of Emperor Yuan's Yongchang reign (322 CE) the Protector of the Army was abolished and merged into the Commander of the Army. In the second year of Emperor Ming's Taining reign (324 CE) the office was restored. Under the Wei and Jin in the south, the Commander and Protector each headed their own camp troops; After the court moved south, the Commander of the Army no longer maintained a separate camp but oversaw all camps of the two guards, valiant cavalry, and skilled troops; the Protector of the Army still kept an independent camp. Senior appointees became General Who Commands the Army or General Who Protects the Army; junior appointees became Central Commander or Central Protector of the Army. The staff comprised a chief clerk, master of horse, merit officer, chief recorder, and five section officers. On campaign orders, military aides were added to the staff.
14
左衛將軍，一人。 右衛將軍，一人。 二衛將軍掌宿衛營兵。 二漢、魏不置。 晉文帝為相國，相國府置中衛將軍。 武帝初，分中衛置左右衛將軍，以羊琇為左衛，趙序為右衛。 二衛江右有長史、司馬、功曹、主簿，江左無長史。
General of the Left Guard: one office. General of the Right Guard: one office. The two guard generals commanded the palace-guard camps. Neither Han dynasty nor the Wei maintained these posts. When Sima Zhao was chancellor of state, his office created a General of the Central Guard. Early in Emperor Wu's reign the Central Guard was split into left and right; Yang Hu became General of the Left Guard and Zhao Xu General of the Right Guard. In the southern Jin the two guards had chief clerks, masters of horse, merit officers, and chief recorders; after the move east of the Yangzi they had no chief clerk.
15
驍騎將軍，漢武帝元光六年，李廣為驍騎將軍。 魏世置為內軍，有營兵，高功者主之。 先有司馬、功曹、主簿，後省。
General of Valiant Cavalry: in the sixth year of Emperor Wu's Yuanguang reign (129 BCE) Li Guang received the appointment. Under the Wei it became an inner army with its own camp, reserved for officers of distinguished merit. It once had a master of horse, merit officer, and chief recorder, but these were later abolished.
16
遊擊將軍，漢武帝時，韓說為遊擊。 是為六軍。
General of Mobile Attack: under Emperor Wu of Han, Han Yue held the post. Together these formed the Six Armies.
17
左軍將軍、右軍將軍、前軍將軍、後軍將軍。 魏明帝時，有左軍將軍，然則左軍魏官也。 晉武帝初，置前軍、右軍； 泰始八年，又置後軍。 是為四軍。
General of the Left Army, General of the Right Army, General of the Forward Army, and General of the Rear Army. Under Emperor Ming of Wei there was already a General of the Left Army, showing it to be a Wei creation. Early in Emperor Wu of Jin's reign the Forward Army and Right Army were created; in the eighth year of the Taishi era (272 CE) the Rear Army was added. These constituted the Four Armies.
18
左中郎將、右中郎將，秦官，漢因之。 與五官中郎將領三署郎，魏無三署郎，猶置其職。 晉武帝省。 宋世祖大明中，又置。
General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household of the Left and Right: Qin offices adopted by the Han. Together with the General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household for All Five Offices they commanded the Three Offices gentlemen; the Wei had no such gentlemen but retained the titles. Emperor Wu of Jin abolished them. Under Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song, during the Daming era, they were restored.
19
屯騎校尉、步兵校尉、越騎校尉、長水校尉、射聲校尉。 五校並漢武帝置。 屯騎、步兵掌上林苑門屯兵； 越騎掌越人來降，因以為騎也； 一說取其材力超越也。 長水掌長水宣曲胡騎。 長水，胡部落名也。 胡騎屯宣曲觀下。 韋曜曰：「長水校尉，典胡騎，廄近長水，故以為名。 長水，蓋關中小水名也。」 射聲掌射聲士，聞聲則射之，故以為名。 漢光武初，改屯騎為驍騎，越騎為青巾。 建武十五年，復舊。 漢東京五校，典宿衛士。 自遊擊至五校，魏、晉逮于江左，初猶領營兵，並置司馬、功曹、主簿，後省。 二中郎將本不領營也。 五營校尉，秩二千石。
Commandant of Cavalry, Commandant of Foot Soldiers, Commandant of the Vanguard, Commandant of the Long River, and Commandant of Archers Who Shoot at Sound. All five commandancies were created by Emperor Wu of Han. The Commandants of Cavalry and Foot Soldiers garrisoned the gates of the Shanglin Park; the Vanguard commanded Yue tribesmen who had submitted and were organized as cavalry; another explanation holds that it recruited men of exceptional strength and skill. The Long River commandant led Hu cavalry of the Long River and Xuanqu districts. Long River was the name of a non-Chinese tribal district. Their cavalry were stationed below the Xuanqu Pavilion. Wei Yao writes: "The Commandant of the Long River oversaw Hu cavalry; the stables lay near the Long River, whence the title. Long River was likely a minor watercourse in the Guanzhong region." The Commandant of Archers Who Shoot at Sound led troops trained to shoot at a sound cue, which gave the office its name. Early in Emperor Guangwu's reign the Commandant of Cavalry was renamed Valiant Cavalry and the Vanguard became Green Headcloth. In the fifteenth year of Jianwu (39 CE) the original titles were restored. At the Eastern Han capital the five commandants commanded the palace guards. From the General of Mobile Attack through the five commandants, under the Wei and Jin and after the move south, they initially still commanded camps with masters of horse, merit officers, and chief recorders, all later abolished. The two Gentlemen-of-the-Household generals never commanded camps in the first place. The five camp commandants held the rank of two thousand bushels.
20
虎賁中郎將，《周官》有虎賁氏。 漢武帝建元三年，始微行出遊，選材力之士執兵從送，期之諸門，故名期門。 無員，多至千人。 平帝元始元年，更名曰虎賁郎，置中郎將領之。 虎賁舊作虎奔，言如虎之奔走也。 王莽輔政，以古有勇士孟賁，故以奔為賁。 比二千石。
General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household of the Tiger Guard: the Offices of Zhou already listed a Tiger Guard corps. In the third year of Emperor Wu's Jianyuan reign (138 BCE) he first traveled incognito; stalwart men bearing arms were chosen to escort him and meet him at the palace gates, whence the name Gate-Meeting. There was no fixed quota; the corps could number as many as a thousand. In the first year of Emperor Ping's Yuanshi reign (1 CE) they were renamed Tiger Guard Gentlemen, with a general of the gentlemen-of-the-household placed in command. Tiger Guard was originally written Tiger Rush, evoking a tiger's charge. When Wang Mang held power he changed the character to ben, alluding to the ancient warrior Meng Ben. The rank was equivalent to two thousand bushels.
21
冗從僕射，漢東京有中黃門冗從僕射，非其職也。 魏世因其名而置冗從僕射。
Supernumerary Attendant Vice Director: the Eastern Han capital had an Inner Yellow Gate Supernumerary Attendant Vice Director—a different office altogether. The Wei borrowed the title to create the Supernumerary Attendant Vice Director.
22
積射將軍、強弩將軍。 漢武帝以路博多為強弩校尉，李沮為強弩將軍。 宣帝以許延壽為強弩將軍。 強弩將軍至東漢為雜號，前漢至魏無積射。 晉太康十年，立射營、弩營，置積射、強弩將軍主之。 自驍騎至強弩將軍，先並各置一人； 宋太宗泰始以來，多以軍功得此官，今並無復員。
General of Accumulated Archery and General of Strong Crossbows. Emperor Wu of Han appointed Lu Bode Commandant of Strong Crossbows and Li Ju General of Strong Crossbows. Emperor Xuan appointed Xu Yanshou General of Strong Crossbows. By the Eastern Han the General of Strong Crossbows was a miscellaneous title; from the Former Han through the Wei there was no General of Accumulated Archery. In the tenth year of the Taikang era (289 CE) the Jin created separate archery and crossbow camps under the two generals. From the General of Valiant Cavalry through the General of Strong Crossbows, each post initially had a single appointee; Since Emperor Xiaowu's Taishi era, many men won these posts through military merit; today none retain a fixed quota.
23
殿中將軍、殿中司馬督。 晉武帝時，殿內宿衛，號曰三部司馬，置此二官，分隸左右二衛。 江右初，員十人。 朝會宴饗，則將軍戎服，直侍左右，夜開城諸門，則執白虎幡監之。 晉孝武太元中，改選，以門閥居之。 宋高祖永初初，增為二十人。 其後過員者，謂之殿中員外將軍、員外司馬督。 其後並無復員。
Palace Hall General and Palace Hall Master-of-Horse Supervisor. Under Emperor Wu of Jin the inner palace guards were organized as the Three Departments of Masters of Horse; these two offices were created, each reporting to one of the two guards. Early in the southern court the quota was ten. At court assemblies and banquets the general wore armor and stood at the ruler's side; at night, when the city gates were opened, he bore the white tiger banner to supervise the watch. During Emperor Xiaowu's Taixuan era the posts were reserved for men of eminent lineage. At the opening of Emperor Gaozu's Yongchu reign the quota was raised to twenty. Additional appointees beyond the quota were styled Supernumerary Palace Hall General and Supernumerary Master-of-Horse Supervisor. Later these posts too lost their fixed quotas.
24
武衛將軍，無員。 初，魏王始置武衛中郎將，文帝踐阼，改為衛將軍，主禁旅，如今二衛，非其任也。 晉氏不常置。 宋世祖大明中，複置，代殿中將軍之任，比員外散騎侍郎。
General of Martial Guard: no fixed quota. When Cao Cao was still king of Wei he created a Martial Guard General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household; after Emperor Wen's accession it became Guard General, commanding the forbidden troops much like today's two guards—a distinct office. The Jin did not keep the post in regular use. Under Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song, during the Daming era, it was restored to replace the Palace Hall General, with standing comparable to a Supernumerary Cavalier Attendant.
25
武騎常侍，無員。 漢西京官。 車駕游獵，常從射猛獸。 後漢、魏、晉不置。 宋世祖大明中，複置。 比奉朝請。
Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary of Martial Cavalry: no fixed quota. This was a Western Han capital office. On imperial hunting excursions they rode alongside the emperor to shoot wild beasts. The Later Han, Wei, and Jin did not maintain the post. Under Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song, during the Daming era, it was restored. Its standing was comparable to that of a Court Supplicant.
26
治書侍御史，掌舉劾官品第六已上。 漢宣帝齋居決事，令禦史二人治書，因謂之治書禦史。 漢東京使明法律者為之，天下讞疑事，則以法律當其是非。 魏、晉以來，則分掌侍御史所掌諸曹，若尚書二丞也。
Imperial Secretary Attendant Who Drafts Documents: he impeached officials from the sixth rank upward. When Emperor Xuan fasted in seclusion to decide state affairs, he assigned two imperial secretaries to draft documents, whence the title Imperial Secretary Who Drafts Documents. At the Eastern Han capital legal specialists held the post; for doubtful cases empire-wide they judged right and wrong by the code. From the Wei and Jin onward they divided among themselves the bureaus once overseen by the attendant imperial secretaries, much like the two assistant directors of the Secretariat.
27
侍御史，于周為柱下史。 《周官》有禦史，掌治令，亦其任也。 秦置侍御史，漢因之。 二漢員並十五人。 掌察舉非法，受公卿奏事，有違失者舉劾之。 凡有五曹，一曰令曹，掌律令； 二曰印曹，掌刻印，三曰供曹，掌齋祠； 四曰尉馬曹，掌官廄馬； 五曰乘曹，掌護駕。 魏置禦史八人，有治書曹，掌度支運，課第曹，掌考課，不知其餘曹也。 晉西朝凡有吏曹、課第曹、直事曹、印曹、中都督曹、外都督曹、媒曹、符節曹、水曹、中旂曹、營軍曹、算曹、法曹，凡十三曹，而置禦史九人。 晉江左初，省課第曹，置庫曹，掌廄牧牛馬市租。 後複分庫曹，置外左庫、內左庫二曹。 宋太祖元嘉中，省外左庫，而內左庫直雲左庫。 世祖大明中，複置。 廢帝景和元年又省。 順帝初，省營軍並水曹，省算曹並法曹，吏曹不置禦史，凡十禦史焉。 魏又有殿中侍御史二人，蓋是蘭台遣二禦史居殿內察非法也。 晉西朝四人，江左二人。 秦、漢有符節令，隸少府，領符璽郎、符節令史。 蓋《周禮》典瑞、掌節之任也。 漢至魏別為一台，位次禦史中丞，掌授節、銅虎符、竹使符。 晉武帝泰始九年，省並蘭台，置符節禦史掌其事焉。
Attendant Imperial Secretary: under the Zhou the office was called Censor Beneath the Pillars. The Offices of Zhou already listed Imperial Secretaries who managed ordinances—the same responsibility. The Qin created Attendant Imperial Secretaries, and the Han kept the institution. Under both Han dynasties the quota stood at fifteen. They investigated and impeached unlawful conduct, received memorials from ministers and grandees, and brought charges against offenders. There were five bureaus in all: first, the Bureau of Ordinances, which handled statutes and ordinances; second, the Bureau of Seals, which carved official seals; third, the Bureau of Offerings, which managed fasting sacrifices; fourth, the Bureau of Stable Horses, which oversaw the government stables; and fifth, the Bureau of Escort, which guarded the imperial carriage. The Wei appointed eight Imperial Secretaries, with a Bureau of Drafting Documents to manage expenditure and transport and a Bureau of Performance Evaluation to conduct merit reviews; the remaining bureaus are not recorded. At the Western Jin court there were thirteen bureaus in all: Personnel, Performance Evaluation, Direct Affairs, Seals, Internal Commandery Superintendent, External Commandery Superintendent, Matchmaking, Credentials, Water, Central Banners, Camp Army, Calculation, and Law—with nine Imperial Secretaries appointed. Early in the Eastern Jin the Performance Evaluation Bureau was abolished and a Storehouse Bureau was created to manage stable herds, livestock, and market taxes. Later the Storehouse Bureau was split into two offices, the External Left Storehouse and the Internal Left Storehouse. During the Liu Song Yuanjia era the External Left Storehouse was abolished, and the Internal Left Storehouse was renamed simply the Left Storehouse. Under Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song, during the Daming era, it was restored. In the first year of Jinghe under the Deposed Emperor it was abolished again. Early in Emperor Shun's reign the Camp Army and Water bureaus were abolished, the Calculation Bureau was merged into the Law Bureau, and the Personnel Bureau went without an Imperial Secretary, leaving ten Imperial Secretaries in all. The Wei also maintained two Attendant Imperial Secretaries Within the Palace, evidently two Imperial Secretaries dispatched by the Orchid Terrace to serve inside the palace and watch for violations. At the Western Jin court there were four; after the move south, two. Under the Qin and Han there was a Director of Credentials, subordinate to the Privy Treasurer, with Credential Seal Gentlemen and credential clerks under his command. This was probably the same function as the Keeper of Regalia and Bearer of Staves in the Rites of Zhou. From the Han through the Wei it became an independent bureau ranking just below the Palace Deputy Imperial Secretary, responsible for issuing staffs of authority, bronze tiger tallies, and bamboo envoy tallies. In the ninth year of Taishi under Emperor Wu of Jin the bureau was abolished and absorbed into the Orchid Terrace, and an Imperial Secretary of Credentials was appointed to handle its duties.
28
謁者僕射，一人。 掌大拜授及百官班次。 領謁者十人。 謁者掌小拜授及報章。 蓋秦官也。 謁，請也。 應氏《漢官》曰，堯以試舜，賓於四門，是其職也。 秦世謁者七十人，漢因之。 後漢《百官志》，謁者僕射掌奉引。 和帝世，陳郡何熙為謁者僕射，贊拜殿中，音動左右。 然則又掌唱贊。 有常侍謁者五人，謁者則置三十五人，半減西京也。 二漢並隸光祿勳。 魏世置謁者十人。 晉武帝省僕射，以謁者隸蘭台。 江左複置僕射，後又省。 宋世祖大明中，複置。 秩比千石。
Vice Director of Attendants Who Petition: one office. He oversaw major investiture ceremonies and the ceremonial order of the hundred officials. He commanded ten Attendants Who Petition. The Attendants Who Petition handled minor investitures and the delivery of memorials. The office probably dated from the Qin. Ye means to request or petition. Ying Shao's Han Offices states that when Yao tested Shun by receiving guests at the Four Gates, that was this same function. Under the Qin there were seventy Attendants Who Petition, and the Han kept the same arrangement. According to the Later Han Records of Officials, the Vice Director of Attendants Who Petition led escort and presentation at court. During Emperor He's reign He Xi of Chen commandery served as Vice Director of Attendants Who Petition; when he intoned the ceremonial salutation in the hall, his voice filled the chamber. Evidently the office also included leading ceremonial acclamation. There were five Regular Attendants Who Petition and thirty-five Attendants Who Petition in all—half the number at the Western Han capital. Under both Han dynasties they were subordinate to the Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. Under the Wei the quota was fixed at ten Attendants Who Petition. Emperor Wu of Jin abolished the vice directorship and placed the Attendants Who Petition under the Orchid Terrace. After the move south the vice directorship was restored, then abolished again. Under Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song, during the Daming era, it was restored. The rank was equivalent to one thousand bushels.
29
都水使者，一人。 掌舟航及運部。 秦、漢有都水長、丞，主陂池灌溉，保守河渠，屬太常。 漢東京省都水，置河堤謁者，魏因之。 漢世水衡都尉主上林苑，魏世主天下水軍舟船器械。 晉武帝省水衡，置都水使者，而河堤為都水官屬。 有參軍二人，謁者一人，令史減置無常員。 晉西朝有參軍而無謁者，謁者則江左置也。 懷帝永嘉六年，胡入洛陽，都水使者爰浚先出督運得免。 然則武帝置職，便掌運矣。 江左省河堤。
Commissioner for Waterways: one office. He oversaw river craft and the transport department. Under the Qin and Han there were Directors and Assistant Directors for Waterways who managed reservoirs and irrigation, maintained rivers and canals, and reported to the Grand Master of Splendid Rites. The Eastern Han capital abolished the Directorate for Waterways and created Attendants Who Petition for River Dikes; the Wei kept the arrangement. Under the Han the Commandant of Water Balance oversaw the Shanglin Park; under the Wei he commanded the empire's naval forces, ships, and equipment. Emperor Wu of Jin abolished the Commandant of Water Balance and created the Commissioner for Waterways, with the River Dike Attendants Who Petition placed among his subordinates. The staff included two military aides and one Attendant Who Petition; clerks were reduced and had no fixed quota. At the Western Jin court there were military aides but no Attendants Who Petition; the attendant post was created only after the move south. In the sixth year of Yongjia under Emperor Huai, when invaders entered Luoyang, Commissioner for Waterways Yuan Jun had already gone out to supervise transport and so escaped. Thus from the moment Emperor Wu created the post it already controlled transport. After the move south the River Dike office was abolished.
30
太子太傅，一人。 丞一人。 太子少傅，一人。 丞一人。 傅，古官也。 《文王世子》曰：「凡三王教世子，太傅在前，少傅在後，並以輔導為職。」 漢高帝九年，以叔孫通為太子太傅，位次太常。 二漢並無丞。 魏世無東宮，然則晉氏置丞也。 晉武帝泰始五年，詔太子拜太傅、少傅，如弟子事師之禮； 二傅不得上疏曲敬。 二傅並有功曹、主簿、五官。 太傅中二千石，少傅二千石。
Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince: one office. One assistant director. Junior Tutor of the Crown Prince: one office. One assistant director. The tutorship was an ancient office. The Records of the Heir of King Wen states: "When the Three Dynasties instructed the heir, the Grand Tutor walked ahead and the Junior Tutor behind, both charged with guidance and instruction." In the ninth year of Emperor Gaozu's reign Shusun Tong was appointed Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince, ranking just below the Grand Master of Splendid Rites. Under both Han dynasties there were no assistant directors. The Wei had no Eastern Palace establishment, so the Jin were the ones who added assistant directors. In the fifth year of Taishi under Emperor Wu of Jin an edict prescribed that the crown prince greet the Grand Tutor and Junior Tutor with the ceremony a disciple owes a teacher; and the two tutors were forbidden to address him through memorials with the oblique forms of respect. Each tutor had a merit officer, chief recorder, and five department heads on staff. The Grand Tutor held the rank of middle two thousand bushels and the Junior Tutor that of two thousand bushels.
31
家令，一人。 丞一人。 晉世置。 漢世太子食湯沐邑十縣，家令主之。 又主刑獄飲食，職比廷尉、司農、少府。 漢東京主食官令。 食官令，晉世自為官，不復屬家令。
Household Steward: one office. One assistant director. The office was created under the Jin. Under the Han the crown prince drew revenue from ten bathing-and-fief counties, which the Household Steward administered. He also oversaw punishments, prisons, and provisions, with duties comparable to those of the Commandant of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Privy Treasurer. At the Eastern Han capital the Master of Victuals held that responsibility. Under the Jin the Master of Victuals became an independent office and no longer reported to the Household Steward.
32
率更令，一人。 主宮殿門戶及賞罰事，職如光祿勳、衛尉。 漢東京掌庶子、舍人，晉世則不也。 自漢至晉，家令在率更下； 宋則居上。
Director of Chastisement: one office. He oversaw the palace halls, gates, and doors and handled rewards and punishments, with duties comparable to those of the Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and the Commandant of the Guard. At the Eastern Han capital he also commanded Attendants to the Crown Prince and household gentlemen; under the Jin he did not. From the Han through the Jin the Household Steward ranked below the Director of Chastisement; under the Liu Song he ranked above.
33
僕，一人。 漢世太子五日一朝，非入朝日，遣僕及中允旦入請問起居，主車馬、親族，職如太僕、宗正。 自家令至僕，為太子三卿。 三卿，秩千石。
Steward: one office. Under the Han the crown prince attended court every five days; on other days the Steward and the Palace Attendant Within were sent at dawn to inquire after the emperor's health. They managed horses, carriages, and the imperial clan, with duties comparable to those of the Grand Master of the Stud and the Director of the Imperial Clan. From the Household Steward through the Steward, these three offices formed the crown prince's Three Directors. The Three Directors held the rank of one thousand bushels.
34
門大夫，二人。 漢東京置，職如中郎將，分掌遠近表箋。 秩六百石。
Gate Masters: two offices. Created at the Eastern Han capital, with duties like those of a General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household, they divided responsibility for incoming memorials near and far. The rank was six hundred bushels.
35
中庶子，四人。 職如侍中。 漢東京員五人，晉減為四人。 秩六百石。
Palace Attendants to the Crown Prince: four offices. Their duties were like those of a Palace Attendant. At the Eastern Han capital the quota was five; the Jin reduced it to four. The rank was six hundred bushels.
36
中舍人，四人。 漢東京太子官屬有中允之職，在中庶子下，洗馬上，疑若今中書舍人矣。 中舍人，晉初置，職如黃門侍郎。
Attendants Within to the Crown Prince: four offices. Among the Eastern Han crown prince's staff there was a Palace Attendant Within, ranking below the Palace Attendants to the Crown Prince and above the Groom-in-Waiting—likely the predecessor of today's Secretariat Attendants Within. Attendants Within to the Crown Prince were created early in the Jin, with duties comparable to those of a Yellow Gate Attendant.
37
食官令，一人。 職如太官令。 漢東京官也。 今屬中庶子。
Master of Victuals: one office. The duties were like those of the Grand Master of Victuals. This was an Eastern Han capital office. Today it reports to the Palace Attendants to the Crown Prince.
38
庶子，四人。 職比散騎常侍、中書監令。 晉制也。 漢西京員五人，漢東京無員，職如三署中郎。 古者諸侯世子，有庶子之官，秦因其名也。 秩四百石。
Attendants to the Crown Prince: four offices. Their standing was comparable to that of a Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary or the Director and Supervisor of the Secretariat. This arrangement dated from the Jin. At the Western Han capital the quota was five; at the Eastern Han capital there was no fixed quota. Their duties were like those of the gentlemen-of-the-household in the Three Departments. In antiquity the heirs of feudal lords had Attendants to the Heir, and the Qin borrowed the title. The rank was four hundred bushels.
39
舍人，十六人。 職如散騎、中書侍郎。 晉制也。 二漢無員，掌宿衛如三署中郎。
Attendants: sixteen offices. Their duties were like those of a Cavalier Attendant or Secretariat Attendant. This arrangement dated from the Jin. Neither Han dynasty set a fixed quota; they handled palace guard duty like the gentlemen-of-the-household in the Three Departments.
40
洗馬，八人。 職如謁者、秘書郎也。 二漢員十六人。 太子出，則當直者前驅導威儀。 秩比六百石。
Grooms-in-Waiting: eight offices. Their duties were like those of a Herald or Secretariat Gentleman. Under both Han dynasties the quota was sixteen. When the crown prince went abroad, the officer on duty rode ahead as vanguard to lead the ceremonial escort. The rank was comparable to six hundred bushels.
41
太子左衛率，七人。 太子右衛率，二人。 二率職如二衛。 秦時直雲衛率，漢因之。 主門衛。 晉初曰中衛率，泰始分為左右，各領一軍。 惠帝時，湣懷太子在東宮，加置前後二率。 成都王穎為太弟，又置中衛，是為五率。 江左初，省前後二率。 孝武太元中又置。 皆有丞，晉初置。 宋世止置左右二率。 秩舊四百石。
Left Guard Commandant to the Crown Prince: seven offices. Right Guard Commandant to the Crown Prince: two offices. The two commandants had duties like those of the two guard generals. Under the Qin the post was simply called Guard Commandant, and the Han kept the title. They commanded gate security. Early in the Jin it was called Central Guard Commandant; in the Taishi era it was split into left and right, each commanding an army. During Emperor Hui's reign, while Crown Prince Minhuai occupied the Eastern Palace, front and rear commandants were added. When Prince of Chengdu Sima Ying was made Grand Heir-apparent, a central guard was added as well, for a total of five commandants. After the Jin crossed south, the front and rear commandants were abolished. Under Emperor Xiaowu, during the Taiyuan era, they were restored. Each had an assistant director, a post created early in the Jin. Under the Liu Song only the left and right commandants were retained. The former rank was four hundred bushels.
42
太子屯騎校尉。 太子步兵校尉。 太子翊軍校尉。 三校尉各七人，並宋初置。 屯騎、步兵，因台校尉； 翊軍，晉武帝太康初置，始為台校尉，而以唐彬居之，江左省。
Commandant of Cavalry to the Crown Prince. Commandant of Foot Soldiers to the Crown Prince. Commandant of the Assisting Army to the Crown Prince. Each of the three commandancies had seven officers; all were created at the founding of the Liu Song. The Cavalry and Foot Soldiers posts followed the court commandancies; The Assisting Army was created early in Emperor Wu's Taikang era as a court commandancy, first held by Tang Bin; after the move south it was abolished.
43
太子冗從僕射，七人。 宋初置。
Supernumerary Attendant Vice Director to the Crown Prince: seven offices. Created at the founding of the Liu Song.
44
太子旅賁中郎將，十人。 職如虎賁中郎將。 宋初置。 《周官》有旅賁氏。 漢制，天子有虎賁，王侯有旅賁。 旅，眾也。
General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household of the Host Guard to the Crown Prince: ten offices. The duties were like those of the General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household of the Tiger Guard. Created at the founding of the Liu Song. The Offices of Zhou already listed a Host Guard corps. Under Han practice the emperor kept Tiger Guard, while kings and marquises kept Host Guard. Host means a host of men.
45
太子左積弩將軍，十人。 太子右積弩將軍，二人。 漢東京積弩將軍，雜號也，無左右之積弩。 魏世至晉江左，左右積弩為台職，領營兵。 宋世度東宮，無複營矣。
Left General of Accumulated Crossbows to the Crown Prince: ten offices. Right General of Accumulated Crossbows to the Crown Prince: two offices. At the Eastern Han capital the General of Accumulated Crossbows was a miscellaneous title; there were no separate left and right accumulated-crossbow posts. From the Wei through the Jin, and after the move south, the left and right accumulated-crossbow generals were court posts commanding camp troops. Under the Liu Song the posts were transferred to the Eastern Palace staff, and they no longer commanded camps.
46
殿中將軍，十人。 殿中員外將軍，二十人。 宋初置。
Palace Hall General: ten offices. Supernumerary Palace Hall General: twenty offices. Created at the founding of the Liu Song.
47
平越中郎將，晉武帝置，治廣州，主南越。
General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household Who Pacifies the Yue: created by Emperor Wu of Jin, with headquarters at Guang Province to oversee the Southern Yue.
48
南蠻校尉，晉武帝置，治襄陽。 江左初省。 尋又置，治江陵。 宋世祖孝建中省。
Commandant Who Pacifies the Southern Man: created by Emperor Wu of Jin, with headquarters at Xiangyang. After the move south it was initially abolished. It was soon restored, with headquarters at Jiangling. It was abolished during Emperor Xiaowu's Xiaojian era.
49
西戎校尉，晉初置，治長安。 安帝義熙中又置，治漢中。
Commandant Who Pacifies the Western Rong: created early in the Jin, with headquarters at Chang'an. Under Emperor An, during the Yixi era, it was restored with headquarters at Hanzhong.
50
甯蠻校尉，晉武帝置，治襄陽，以授魯宗之。
Commandant Who Pacifies the Man: created by Emperor Wu of Jin, headquartered at Xiangyang, and granted to Lu Zongzhi.
51
南夷校尉，晉武帝置，治寧州。 江左改曰鎮蠻校尉。 四夷中郎校尉，皆有長史、司馬、參軍。 魏、晉有雜號護軍，如將軍，今猶有鎮蠻、安遠等護軍。 鎮蠻以加廬江、晉熙、西陽太守。 安遠以加武陵內史。
Commandant Who Pacifies the Southern Yi: created by Emperor Wu of Jin, with headquarters at Ning Province. After the move south the title was changed to Commandant Who Garrisons the Man. The generals and commandants of the four frontier directions all had chief clerks, masters of horse, and staff officers. The Wei and Jin had miscellaneous Protectors of the Army, comparable to generals; today there are still such posts as Protector Who Garrisons the Man and Protector Who Pacifies the Distant. Protector Who Garrisons the Man was conferred on the Administrators of Lujiang, Jinxi, and Xiyang. Protector Who Pacifies the Distant was conferred on the Internal Administrator of Wuling.
52
刺史，每州各一人。 黃帝立四監以治萬國，唐、虞世十二牧，是其職也。 周改曰典，秦曰監禦史，而更遣丞相史分刺諸州，謂之刺史。 刺之為言，猶參覘也。 寫書亦謂之刺。 漢制，不得刺尚書事是也。 刺史班行六條詔書，其一條曰，強宗豪右，田宅逾制，以強陵弱，以眾暴寡； 其二條曰，二千石不奉詔書，遵承典制，背公向私，旁詔守利，侵漁百姓，聚斂為奸； 其三條曰，二千石不恤疑獄，風厲殺人，怒則加罰，喜則任賞，煩擾苛暴，剝戮黎元，為百姓所疾，山崩石裂，妖詳訛言； 其四條曰，二千石選署不平，苟阿所愛，蔽賢寵頑； 其五條曰，二千石子弟恃怙榮勢，請托所監； 其六條曰，二千石違公下比，阿附豪強，通行貨賂，割損正令。 歲終則乘傳詣京師奏事。 成帝綏和元年，改為牧。 哀帝建平二年，複為刺史。 前漢世，刺史乘傳周行郡國，無適所治。 後漢世，所治始有定處，止八月行部，不復奏事京師。 晉江左猶行郡縣詔，棗據《追遠詩》曰：「先君為钜鹿太守，迄今三紀。 忝私為冀州刺史，班詔次於郡傳」是也。 靈帝世，天下漸亂，豪桀各據有州郡，而劉焉、劉虞並自九卿出為益州、幽州牧，其任漸重矣。 官屬有別駕從事史一人，從刺史行部； 治中從事史一人，主財穀簿書； 兵曹從事史一人，主兵事； 部從事史每郡各一人，主察非法； 主簿一人，錄閣下眾事，省署文書； 門亭長一人，主州正門； 功曹書佐一人，主選用； 《孝經》師一人，主試經； 月令師一人，主時節祠祀； 律令師一人，平律； 簿曹書佐一人，主簿書； 典郡書佐每郡各一人，主一郡文書：漢制也。 今有別駕從事史、治中從事史、主簿、西曹書佐、祭酒從事史、議曹從事史、部郡從事史，自主簿以下，置人多少，各隨州，舊無定制也。 晉成帝咸康中，江州又有別駕祭酒，居僚職之上，而別駕從事史如故，今則無也。 別駕、西曹主吏及選舉事，治中主眾曹文書事。 西曹，即漢之功曹書佐也。 祭酒分掌諸曹兵、賊、倉、戶、水、鎧之屬。 揚州無祭酒，而主簿治事。 荊州有從事史，在議曹從事史下，大較應是魏、晉以來置也。 今廣州、徐州有月令從事，若諸州之曹史，漢舊名也。 漢武元封四年，令諸州歲各舉秀才一人。 後漢避光武諱，改茂才。 魏複曰秀才。 晉江左揚州歲舉二人，諸州舉一人，或三歲一人，隨州大小，並對策問。 晉東海王越為豫州牧，牧置長史、參軍，庾凱為長史，謝鯤為參軍，此為牧者則無也。 牧，二千石； 刺史，六百石。
Regional Inspector: one for each province. The Yellow Emperor appointed four overseers to govern the myriad states, and under Tang and Yu there were twelve pastors—these were the antecedents of the office. The Zhou renamed the post overseer; the Qin called them supervising censors, then sent the chancellor's clerks out to inspect the provinces in turn, whence the title Regional Inspector. The word ci, to inspect, means to observe and scrutinize. Copying out documents was also called ci. This is the origin of the Han rule that regional inspectors may not interfere in Secretariat affairs. Regional inspectors circulated a six-article edict. The first article read: powerful clans and great families exceed the limits on fields and dwellings, using strength to bully the weak and numbers to overwhelm the few; the second read: two-thousand-bushel officials fail to obey edicts or follow established regulations, turn from public duty to private gain, twist edicts to hoard profit, encroach on and exploit the people, and amass wealth through wrongdoing; the third read: two-thousand-bushel officials neglect doubtful cases, execute people in harsh severity, add punishments in anger and grant rewards on whim, harass the people with cruel oppression, flay and slaughter common folk until they are loathed by all—whereupon mountains collapse, stones split, and strange portents and false rumors arise; the fourth read: two-thousand-bushel officials are unfair in selection and appointment, currying favor with those they love, hiding the worthy and indulging the obstinate; the fifth read: sons and younger brothers of two-thousand-bushel officials rely on family prestige and power, trading on connections within the inspector's jurisdiction; the sixth read: two-thousand-bushel officials abandon public duty to band together with subordinates, cling to the powerful, traffic in bribes, and undermine proper law. At year's end they traveled by relay post to the capital to report on affairs. In the first year of Emperor Cheng's Suhe reign the title was changed to governor. In the second year of Emperor Ai's Jianping reign it was restored to Regional Inspector. Under the Former Han, regional inspectors traveled by relay post on circuit through the commanderies and kingdoms, with no fixed seat of administration. Under the Later Han they gained fixed seats of administration, toured their jurisdictions only in the eighth month, and no longer traveled to the capital to report. After the Jin crossed south, edicts were still circulated through the commanderies and counties. Zao Ju's "Poem Recalling the Distant" says: "My late father was Administrator of Julu; three twelve-year cycles have passed since then. I am privately honored as Regional Inspector of Jizhou, issuing the edict in turn at the commandery relay station." This is what is meant. During Emperor Ling's reign the realm slid into disorder, and powerful men seized control of provinces and commanderies. Liu Yan and Liu Yu both left the Nine Ministers to become governors of Yizhou and Youzhou, and the office grew steadily weightier. Among the staff was one Separate-Carriage Registrar, who accompanied the regional inspector on inspection tours; one Administrative Registrar, in charge of grain, revenue, and account books; one Military Affairs Registrar, in charge of military affairs; one Department Registrar for each commandery, charged with investigating illegal conduct; one chief recorder, who recorded all business of the office and reviewed documents for issuance; one gate pavilion chief, in charge of the provincial headquarters gate; one merit officer recorder, in charge of selection and appointment; one Classic of Filial Piety master, who tested candidates on the classics; one Monthly Ordinance master, in charge of seasonal rites and sacrifices; one statutes and ordinances master, who adjudicated legal questions; one ledger bureau recorder, in charge of account books; one commandery documentation recorder for each commandery, in charge of that commandery's documents—this was Han practice. Today the staff includes a Separate-Carriage Registrar, an Administrative Registrar, a chief recorder, a Western Bureau recorder, a Libationer Registrar, a Deliberation Bureau Registrar, and Commandery Department Registrars. From the chief recorder down, the number of officers varies by province; there was never a fixed quota. During Emperor Cheng's Xiankang era, Jiang Province also had a Separate-Carriage Libationer ranking above the other staff officers, while the Separate-Carriage Registrar remained unchanged; today that post no longer exists. The Separate-Carriage Registrar and Western Bureau handled clerical staff and selection and appointment; the Administrative Registrar handled documentation for all bureaus. The Western Bureau was the Han dynasty's merit officer recorder. The libationer oversaw the bureaus for military affairs, bandit suppression, granaries, households, waterworks, armor, and the like. Yang Province had no libationer; the chief recorder handled business instead. Jing Province had an additional registrar ranking below the Deliberation Bureau registrar—likely a post created from the Wei and Jin dynasties onward. Today Guang Province and Xu Province have Monthly Ordinance registrars, comparable to the bureau clerks of other provinces—survivals of old Han titles. In the fourth year of Emperor Wu's Yuanfeng reign (107 BCE), an edict ordered each province to recommend one outstanding talent every year. In the Later Han, to avoid the taboo on Emperor Guangwu's personal name, the title was changed to Maocai (Outstanding Talent). Under Wei the old name Xiucai (Outstanding Talent) was restored. Under the Eastern Jin, Yang Province recommended two candidates each year and the other provinces one apiece—or one every three years, depending on a province's size—and all were examined by written questions. Under the Jin, when Prince of Donghai Sima Yue served as Governor of Yu Province, the governor's office established a Chief Clerk and a Military Aide—Yu Kai as Chief Clerk and Xie Kun as Military Aide. Where a province had a governor, the regional inspector's post did not exist. The governor ranked at two thousand bushels; the regional inspector at six hundred bushels.
53
郡守，秦官。 秦滅諸侯，隨以其地為郡，置守、丞、尉各一人。 守治民，丞佐之。 郡當邊戍者，丞為長史。 晉江左皆謂之丞。 尉典兵，備盜賊。 漢景帝中二年，更名守曰太守，尉為都尉。 光武省都尉，後又往往置東部、西部都尉。 有蠻夷者，又有屬國都尉。 漢末及三國，多以諸部都尉為郡。 晉成帝咸康七年，又省諸郡丞。 宋太祖元嘉四年，複置。 郡官屬略如公府，無東西曹，有功曹史，主選舉，五官掾，主諸曹事，部縣有都郵、門亭長，又有主記史，催督期會，漢制也，今略如之。 諸郡各有舊俗，諸曹名號，往往不同。 漢武帝納董仲舒之言，元光元年，始令郡國舉孝廉，制郡口二十萬以上，歲察一人； 四十萬以上，二人； 六十萬，三人； 八十萬，四人； 百萬，五人； 百二十萬，六人； 不滿二十萬，二歲一人； 不滿十萬，三歲一人。 限以四科，一曰德行高妙，志節清白； 二曰學通行修，經中博士； 三曰明習法令，足以決疑，能案章覆問，文中禦史； 四曰剛毅多略，遭事不惑，明足決斷，材任三輔縣令。 魏初，更制口十萬以上，歲一人，有秀異，不拘戶口。 江左以丹陽、吳、會稽、吳興並大郡，歲各舉二人。 漢制，歲遣上計掾史各一人，條上郡內眾事，謂之階簿，至今行之。 太守，二千石； 丞，六百石。
The Commandery Administrator was a Qin dynasty office. After Qin destroyed the feudal lords, it promptly converted their territories into commanderies, appointing one Administrator, one Assistant, and one Commandant in each. The Administrator governed the people, and the Assistant supported him. In frontier garrison commanderies, the Assistant served as Chief Clerk. Under the Eastern Jin, all were called Assistants. The Commandant commanded troops and guarded against bandits and thieves. In the second year of Emperor Jing's Middle Period reign, the Administrator was renamed Grand Administrator and the Commandant became Commandant of the Commandery. Emperor Guangwu abolished the commandery commandant, but Eastern and Western Commandants were often reinstated afterward. Where barbarian peoples lived, there was also a Commandant of Dependent States. At the end of the Han and during the Three Kingdoms, departmental commandants were often converted into commanderies. In the seventh year of Emperor Cheng's Xiankang reign, commandery assistants were abolished once more. In the fourth year of Emperor Taizu's Yuanjia reign, they were restored. Commandery staff broadly resembled a princely household: there was no Eastern or Western Bureau, but a Merit Officer Clerk handled selection and appointment and a Five-Offices Registrar oversaw the bureaus. Subordinate districts and counties had District Postal Inspectors and Gate Pavilion Chiefs, and Chief Recording Clerks who enforced deadlines for assemblies—Han practice, still broadly followed today. Each commandery kept its own old customs, and bureau titles often varied from place to place. Emperor Wu of Han took Dong Zhongshu's counsel, and in the first year of Yuanguang he first ordered commanderies and states to recommend Filially Pious and Incorrupt men, decreeing that commanderies with more than two hundred thousand registered persons should examine one candidate each year; above four hundred thousand, two; six hundred thousand, three; eight hundred thousand, four; one million, five; one million two hundred thousand, six; below two hundred thousand, one every two years; below one hundred thousand, one every three years. Candidates were confined to four categories: first, outstanding virtue and unsullied integrity of purpose; second, thorough learning and cultivated conduct, fit to serve as Erudites of the classics; third, clear mastery of law, enough to resolve doubts, able to review cases and conduct follow-up inquiries, fit for Palace Clerk or Censor; fourth, resolute and resourceful, unshaken in emergencies, clear enough to decide, with talent suited to magistracies in the three metropolitan commanderies and their counties. Early in Wei the quota was revised to one candidate a year for populations above one hundred thousand; where exceptional talent appeared, household totals did not apply. South of the Yangtze, Danyang, Wu, Kuaiji, and Wuxing counted as large commanderies and each recommended two candidates every year. Under Han practice, each year one Upper-Account Registrar and Clerk was sent up to itemize all affairs within the commandery in what was called the rank ledger—a procedure still followed today. The Grand Administrator ranked at two thousand bushels; the Assistant at six hundred bushels.
54
縣令、長，秦官也。 大者為令，小者為長，侯國為相。 漢制，置丞一人，尉大縣二人，小縣一人。 五家為伍，伍長主之； 二五為什，什長主之； 十什為裏，裏魁主之； 十裏為亭，亭長主之； 十亭為鄉，鄉有鄉佐、三老、有秩、嗇夫、遊徼各一人。 鄉佐、有秩主賦稅，三老主教化，嗇夫主爭訟，遊徼主奸非。 其餘諸曹，略同郡職。 以五官為廷掾，後則無複丞，唯建康有獄丞，其餘眾職，或此縣有而彼縣無，各有舊俗，無定制也。 晉江右洛陽縣置六部都尉，餘大縣置二人，次縣、小縣各一人。 宋太祖元嘉十五年，縣小者又省之。 諸官府至郡，各置五百者，舊說古君行師從，卿行旅從。 旅，五百人也。 今縣令以上，古之諸侯，故立四五百以象師從旅從，依古義也。 韋曜曰，五百字本為伍伯。 伍，當也； 伯，道也。 使之導引當道伯中以驅除也。 周制，五百為旅，帥皆大夫，不得卑之如此說也。 又《周禮》秋官有條狼氏，掌執鞭以趨辟，王出入則八人夾道，公則六人，侯伯則四人，子男則二人，近之矣，名之異爾。 又《漢官》中有伯使，主為諸官驅使辟路于道伯中，故言伯使，此其比也。 縣令，千石至六百石； 長，五百石。
The County Magistrate and County Chief were Qin dynasty offices. Large counties had Magistrates, smaller ones had Chiefs, and marquisates had Chancellors. Under Han practice, each county had one Assistant; large counties had two Commandants and small counties one. Five households formed a squad, headed by a squad chief; two squads formed a platoon, headed by a platoon chief; ten platoons formed a neighborhood, headed by a neighborhood chief; ten neighborhoods formed a pavilion district, headed by a pavilion chief; ten pavilion districts formed a township, which had one Township Assistant, Three Elders, Paid Official, Requisition Chief, and Patrol Inspector. The Township Assistant and Paid Official handled taxes and levies, the Three Elders moral instruction, the Requisition Chief litigation, and the Patrol Inspector crime and misconduct. The remaining bureaus broadly corresponded to commandery offices. The Five-Offices chief served as Court Registrar. Later the Assistant was abolished again—only Jiankang kept a Prison Assistant. Other posts might exist in one county but not another, each place following old custom with no fixed rule. Under the Western Jin, Luoyang County had six Department Commandants; other large counties had two, and intermediate and small counties one each. In the fifteenth year of Emperor Taizu's Yuanjia reign, small counties abolished them once more. Every government office down to the commandery level appointed a Five Hundred officer. Tradition held that ancient rulers on campaign traveled with an army retinue and high ministers with a brigade retinue. A brigade numbered five hundred men. Today's magistrates and higher officials correspond to the feudal lords of old, so they appoint four or five hundred followers to symbolize army and brigade retinues, in keeping with ancient usage. Wei Yao writes that the characters for "Five Hundred" originally meant Squad-Chief. Wu means "counter" or "match"; bo means "path" or "way." Their task was to guide the way along the middle of the road and drive off intruders. Under Zhou institutions, five hundred men formed a brigade and their commanders were grandees—so they cannot be reduced to an explanation like this. The Rites of Zhou also records a Wolf-Barrier Master in the Autumn Office who carried whips to hurry people aside and clear the road: when the king went out, eight men lined the way; a duke had six, marquises and earls four, viscounts and barons two. The practice is much the same; only the titles differ. Han Officials also mentions a Chief Emissary who drove officials to clear the middle of the road for them—hence the name Chief Emissary. This is a close parallel. The County Magistrate ranked from one thousand down to six hundred bushels; the County Chief at five hundred bushels.
55
漢初，王國置太傅，掌輔導； 內史主治民； 丞相統眾官； 中尉掌武職。 分官置職，略同京師。 至景帝懲七國之亂，更制諸王不得治國，漢為置吏，改丞相曰相，省御史大夫、廷尉、少府、宗正、博士官，其大夫、謁者、諸官長丞，皆損其員數。 後改漢內史為京兆尹，中尉為執金吾，郎中令為光祿勳，而王國如故； 又太僕為僕，司農為大農。 成帝更令相治民如郡太守，省內史。 其中尉如郡尉，太傅但曰傅。 漢東京亦置傅一人，王師事之； 相一人，主治民； 中尉一人，主盜賊； 郎中令一人，掌郎中宿衛； 僕一人，治書一人，治書本曰尚書，後更名治書； 中大夫，無員，掌奉使京師及諸國； 謁者及禮樂、衛士、醫工、永巷、祀禮長各一人； 郎中，無員。 魏氏謁者官屬，史闕不知次第。 晉武帝初置師、友、文學各一人。 師即傅也，景帝諱師，改為傅。 宋世複改曰師。 其文學，前漢已置也。 友者，因文王、仲尼四友之名也。 改太守為內史，省相及僕。 有郎中令、中尉、大農為三卿。 大國置左右常侍各三人，省郎中，置侍郎二人。 大國又置上軍、中軍、下軍三將軍； 次國上軍將軍、下軍將軍各一人； 小國上軍而已。 典書、典祠、典衛、學官令、典書令丞各一人，治書四人，中尉、司馬、世子庶子陵廟、牧長各一人，謁者四人，中大夫六人，舍人十人，典醫丞、典府丞各一人。 宋氏以來，一用晉制，雖大小國，皆有三軍。 晉制，典書令在常侍下，侍郎上； 江左則侍郎次常侍，而典書令居三軍下矣。 江左以來，公國則無中尉、常侍、三軍，侯國又無大農、侍郎，伯子男唯典書以下，又無學官令矣。 吏職皆以次損省焉。 晉江右公侯以下置官屬，隨國小大，無定制也。 晉江左諸國，並三分食一。 元帝太興元年，始制九分食一
In early Han, each kingdom appointed a Grand Tutor to guide and instruct the prince; a Grand Administrator of the Interior governed the people; a Chancellor commanded all officials; a Commandant of the Interior handled military affairs. The division of offices broadly mirrored the capital. After Emperor Jing punished the Rebellion of the Seven States, he reformed the system so princes could no longer govern their own states. The Han court appointed officials for them, shortened the title from Chancellor-in-chief (chengxiang) to Chancellor (xiang), and abolished the Censor-in-Chief, Minister of Justice, Privy Treasurer, Director of the Imperial Clan, and Erudites. The quotas for Grandees, Ushers, and the chiefs and assistants of other offices were all cut back. Later the Han court renamed the Grand Administrator of the Interior Metropolitan Commandant, the Commandant of the Interior Bearer of the Mace, and the Director of the Masters of Writing Director of the Imperial Household, while kingdoms kept their old titles; and the Grand Coachman became Coachman and the Minister of Revenue Grand Revenues. Emperor Cheng further ordered the Chancellor to govern the people like a commandery Grand Administrator and abolished the Grand Administrator of the Interior. The Commandant of the Interior corresponded to the Commandery Commandant, and the Grand Tutor was simply called Tutor. The Eastern Han capital also appointed one Tutor, whom the prince treated as his teacher; one Chancellor, chiefly governing the people; one Commandant of the Interior, in charge of bandits and thieves; one Director of Palace Gentlemen, commanding palace gentlemen on guard duty; one Coachman and one Secretary—the Secretary was originally titled Masters of Writing and later renamed Secretary; Middle Grandees, without fixed quota, handled missions to the capital and to other states; one each of Ushers and chiefs of Music, Guards, Medical Officers, Long Corridors, and Sacrificial Ritual; Gentlemen of the Palace, without fixed quota. Wei had Usher staff posts, but the records are lost and their order is unknown. At the start of Emperor Wu of Jin's reign, Teacher, Friend, and Literary Scholar were each established, one to each post. Teacher was the same office as Grand Tutor; Emperor Jing tabooed the character shi, so the title became Tutor. Under the Song dynasty the title was changed back to Teacher. The Literary Scholar had already existed in the Former Han. Friend took its name from the Four Friends of King Wen and Confucius. The Grand Administrator was renamed Grand Administrator of the Interior, and the Chancellor and Coachman were abolished. The Director of Palace Gentlemen, Commandant of the Interior, and Grand Revenues formed the three chief ministers. Large states appointed three Left and three Right Regular Attendants, abolished Gentlemen of the Palace, and established two Gentleman Attendants. Large states also appointed Upper Army, Middle Army, and Lower Army Generals; medium states one Upper Army General and one Lower Army General; small states only an Upper Army General. There were one each of the Directors of Documentation, Sacrifice, and Guard, the Literary Director, and the Documentation Director's Assistant; four Secretaries; one each of Commandant of the Interior, Master of Horse, Heir Apparent tutor, Secondary Son tutor, Mausoleum Director, and Pasture Chief; four Ushers; six Middle Grandees; ten Attendants; and one each of Medical Director Assistant and Treasury Director Assistant. Since the Liu Song dynasty, the Jin system has been used exclusively, and all states, large and small alike, have three armies. Under the Jin system, the Director of Documentation ranked below Regular Attendant and above Gentleman Attendant; South of the Yangtze, Gentleman Attendant ranked immediately after Regular Attendant, and the Director of Documentation fell below the three army generals. Since the Eastern Jin, duchies had no Commandant of the Interior, Regular Attendant, or Three Armies; marquisates also lacked Grand Revenues and Gentleman Attendant; counts, viscounts, and barons kept only the Documentation Director and lower posts, and even the Literary Director was omitted. Official posts were trimmed step by step in proportion to rank. Under the Western Jin, dukes, marquises, and lower nobles appointed staff according to the size of the fief, with no fixed rule. Under the Eastern Jin, all feudal states alike drew one-third of their fief's revenue as stipend. In the first year of Emperor Yuan's Taixing reign (318 CE), the court first decreed that feudal stipends would be one-ninth of fief revenue.
56
太傅，太保，太宰，太尉，司徒，司空，大司馬，大將軍，諸位從公。 右第一品。
Grand Tutor, Grand Protector, Grand Preceptor, Grand Commandant, Minister over the Masses, Minister of Works, Grand Marshal, Grand General, and all Bearers of the Staff with Equal Rank to the Three Dukes. First Rank (right column).
57
特進，驃騎，車騎，衛將軍，諸大將軍，諸持節都督。 右第二品。
Special Advancement; Generals of Swift Cavalry, Chariots and Cavalry, and the Guard; all Grand Generals; and all Area Commanders-in-Chief with Staff and Credentials. Second Rank (right column).
58
侍中，散騎常侍，尚書令，僕射，尚書，中書監，令，秘書監，諸征、鎮至龍驤將軍，光祿大夫，諸卿，尹，太子二傅，大長秋，太子詹事，領、護軍，縣侯。 右第三品。
Palace Attendant; Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary; Secretariat Director and Vice Director; Secretariat Attendants; Secretariat Supervisor and Director; Palace Secretariat Supervisor; Area and Garrison Generals through General of the Dragon Prancing; Imperial Household Grandee; the various ministers and metropolitan commandants; the crown prince's two tutors; Grand Director of the Long Autumn; Crown Prince Steward; Commander and Protector of the Army; and district marquises. Third Rank (right column).
59
二衛至五校尉，甯朔至五威、五武將軍，四中郎將，刺史領兵者，戎蠻校尉，禦史中丞，都水使者，鄉侯。 右第四品。
The two guard generals through the five commandants; Pacifying the North through the Five Majestic and Five Martial generals; the four Gentlemen-of-the-Household generals; regional inspectors with military command; Commandant Who Pacifies the Southern Man; Censor-in-Chief; Director of Waters; and township marquises. Fourth Rank (right column).
60
給事中，黃門、散騎、中書侍郎，謁者僕射，三將，積射、強弩將軍，太子中庶子，庶子，三卿，率，鷹揚至陵江將軍，刺史不領兵者，郡國太守，內史，相，亭侯。 右第五品。
Attendant Within; Yellow Gate, Cavalier, and Secretariat Attendants; Usher Vice Director; the three army generals; Generals of Accumulated Archery and Strong Crossbows; the crown prince's Palace Attendants, Secondary Sons, three chief ministers, and Directors of the Watch; Soaring Hawk through Crossing-the-River generals; regional inspectors without troops; commandery and state Grand Administrators, Grand Administrators of the Interior, and chancellors; and pavilion marquises. Fifth Rank (right column).
61
尚書丞，郎，治書侍御史，侍御史，三都尉，博士，撫軍以上及持節都督領護長史，司馬，公府從事中郎將，廷尉正，監，評，秘書著作丞，郎，王國公三卿，師，友，文學，諸縣署令千石者，太子門大夫，殿中將軍，司馬督，雜號護軍，闕內侯。 右第六品。
Secretariat Assistant Directors and Attendants; Imperial Secretary and Attendant Imperial Secretaries; the three commandants; Erudites; Pacifying-the-Army generals and above, and Area Commanders-in-Chief with Staff and Credentials together with their Protector chief clerks and masters of horse; Staff Officer of the Princely Household; Minister of Justice Rectifier, Supervisor, and Assessor; Palace Secretariat Authoring Assistant Directors and Attendants; the three ministers of ducal states plus Teacher, Friend, and Literary Scholar; county magistrates at one thousand bushels; crown prince Gate Grand Master; Palace Hall General and Master-of-Horse Supervisor; miscellaneous Protectors of the Army; and Marquises within the Passes. Sixth Rank (right column).
62
謁者，殿中監，諸卿尹丞，太子傅詹事率丞，諸軍長史、司馬六百石者，諸府參軍，戎蠻府長史，司馬，公府掾，屬，太子洗馬，舍人，食官令，諸縣令六百石者。 右第七品。
Ushers; Director Within the Hall; assistant directors of ministers and metropolitan commandants; assistant directors for the crown prince's tutors, steward, and Directors of the Watch; army chief clerks and masters of horse at six hundred bushels; staff officers of various offices; chief clerk and master of horse of the Southern Man headquarters; princely household clerks and aides; crown prince Groom-in-Waiting, Attendants, and Diet Director; and county magistrates at six hundred bushels. Seventh Rank (right column).
63
內台正令史，郡丞，諸縣署長，雜號宣威將軍以下。 右第八品。
Chief clerks of the inner secretariat; commandery assistants; chiefs of county offices; and miscellaneous Proclaiming Authority generals and below. Eighth Rank (right column).
64
內台書令史，外台正令史，諸縣署丞，尉。 右第九品。 凡新置不見此諸條者，隨秩位所視，蓋囗囗右所定也。
Document clerks of the inner secretariat; chief clerks of the outer secretariat; and county assistants and commandants. Ninth Rank (right column). Any newly created office not listed here takes the rank to which it is attached; this table was fixed in the Western Jin, as shown in the right-hand column.