Volume 50 Biographies 10: Hu Fan, Liu Kangzu, Yuan Hongzhi, Zhang Xingshi

列傳第十胡藩劉康祖垣護之張興世

Biography 10: Hu Fan, Liu Kangzu, Huan Huzhi, and Zhang Xingshi

胡藩，字道序，豫章南昌人也。祖隨，散騎常侍。父仲任，治書侍御史。藩少孤，居喪以毀稱。太守韓伯見之，謂藩叔尚書少廣曰：「卿此姪當以義烈成名。」州府辟召，不就。須二弟冠婚畢，乃參郗恢征虜軍事。時殷仲堪為荊州刺史，藩外兄羅企生為仲堪參軍，藩請假還，過江陵省企生。仲堪要藩相見，接待甚厚。藩因說仲堪曰：「桓玄意趣不常，每怏怏於失職。節下崇待太過，非將來之計也。」仲堪色不悅。藩退而謂企生曰：「倒戈授人，必至之禍。若不早規去就，後悔無及。」玄自夏口襲仲堪，藩參玄後軍軍事。仲堪敗，企生果以附從及禍。藩轉參太尉、大將軍、相國軍事。

Hu Fan, styled Daoxu, was from Nanchang in Yuzhang commandery. His grandfather Sui had served as Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. His father Zhongren had been an imperial secretary charged with investigating documents. Fan was orphaned young and won renown for the extreme grief he showed in mourning. When the prefect Han Bo met him, he told Fan's uncle, Minister of Works Shaoguang, "This nephew of yours is destined to win fame through loyal courage." Provincial and prefectural offices summoned him, but he declined. Only after his two younger brothers had been capped and married did he take a post on Chi Hui's staff in the Pacification Campaign headquarters. Yin Zhongkan was then governor of Jingzhou, and Fan's cousin-in-law Luo Qisheng served on his staff. Fan obtained leave to go home and stopped at Jiangling to see Qisheng. Zhongkan insisted on meeting Fan and entertained him with exceptional courtesy. Fan then urged Zhongkan, "Huan Xuan is changeable in purpose and bitter over his loss of power. You are honoring him far too generously — that is no policy for the long term." Zhongkan's face darkened. When Fan withdrew, he told Qisheng, "Handing your sword to another man is a calamity waiting to happen. Unless you decide soon whether to stay or go, you will have no chance to repent." Xuan struck Zhongkan from Xiakou, and Fan served on his rear-army staff. Zhongkan was ruined, and Qisheng, as Fan had warned, perished for siding with him. Fan was then assigned to the staffs of the Grand Commandant, the Grand General, and the Chancellor of State.

義旗起，玄戰敗將出奔，藩於南掖門捉玄馬控，曰：「今羽林射手猶有八百，皆是義故西人，一旦捨此，欲歸可復得乎？」玄直以馬鞭指天而已，於是奔散相失。追及玄於蕪湖，玄見藩，喜謂張須無曰：「卿州故為多士，今乃復見王叔治。」桑落之戰，藩艦被燒，全鎧入水潛行三十許步，方得登岸。義軍既迫，不復得西，乃還家。

When the loyalist uprising began, Xuan was beaten and ready to flee. At the Southern Flank Gate Fan caught his horse by the bridle and said, "You still have eight hundred guardsmen, all veterans from the west. If you abandon them now, how will you ever rally them again?" Xuan merely lifted his whip toward the sky and rode off; in the rout they lost one another. They caught up with Xuan at Wuhu. Delighted to see Fan, he told Zhang Xuwu, "Your province has always bred able men — and here is Wang Shuzhi once more." At the battle of Sangluo his ship was set ablaze. Clad in full armor he slipped into the water and swam underwater for some thirty paces before he could climb ashore. With the loyalist forces pressing in, he could not continue west and went home.

高祖素聞藩直言於殷氏，又為玄盡節，召為員外散騎侍郎，參軍軍事。從征鮮卑，賊屯聚臨朐，藩言於高祖曰：「賊屯軍城外，留守必寡，今往取其城，而斬其旗幟，此韓信所以克趙也。」高祖乃遣檀韶與藩等潛往，既至，即克其城。賊見城陷，一時奔走，還保廣固累月。將拔之夜，佐史並集，忽有鳥大如鵝，蒼黑色，飛入高祖帳裏，眾皆駭愕，以為不祥。藩起賀曰：「蒼黑者，胡虜之色，胡虜歸我，大吉之祥也。」明旦，攻城，陷之。從討盧循於左里，頻戰有功，封吳平縣五等子，除正員郎。尋轉寧遠將軍、鄱陽太守。

The Founding Emperor had heard of Fan's frank counsel to the Yin family and of his loyal service to Xuan; he appointed him Extraordinary Gentleman of the Scattered Cavalry and an army staff officer. On the campaign against the Xianbei, when the enemy gathered at Linqu, Fan told the Founding Emperor, "Their main force is camped outside the walls, so the garrison must be thin. Strike the city now and strike down their standards — that is how Han Xin took Zhao." The emperor sent Tan Shao, Fan, and others by a secret route; they reached the place and captured the city at once. When the rebels saw the city fall, they broke and ran, then held Guanggu for many months. On the eve of the assault the staff gathered, and suddenly a goose-sized bird of dark blue-black plumage flew into the emperor's tent. All were alarmed and took it for a bad sign. Fan rose and congratulated him: "Blue-black is the color of the northern barbarians — their color has come to us. That is a splendid omen." At dawn they stormed the city and captured it. He fought Lu Xun at Zuoli, distinguished himself in repeated engagements, was enfeoffed as fifth-rank Viscount of Wuping, and made a full regular attendant. He was soon made General Who Pacifies the Distance and prefect of Poyang.

從伐劉毅。毅初當之荊州，表求東道還京辭墓，去都數十里，不過拜闕。高祖出倪塘會之。藩勸於坐殺毅，高祖不從。至是謂藩曰：「昔從卿倪塘之謀，無今舉也。」又從征司馬休之。復為參軍，加建武將軍，領游軍於江津。徐逵之敗沒，高祖怒甚，即日於馬頭岸渡江，而江津岸峭，壁立數丈，休之臨岸置陣，無由可登。高祖呼藩令上，藩有疑色，高祖奮怒，命左右錄來，欲斬之。藩不受命，顧曰：「藩寧前死耳！」以刀頭穿岸，劣容腳指，於是徑上，隨之者稍多。既得登岸，殊死戰，賊不能當，引退。因而乘之，一時奔散。

He took part in the campaign against Liu Yi. When Yi was first appointed to Jingzhou, he asked leave to return east to the capital to sweep the family graves; he left the capital by several tens of li but never came to bow at the palace. The Founding Emperor went out to Nitang to meet him. At the meeting Fan urged that Yi be killed on the spot, but the emperor refused. Now he told Fan, "If I had taken your advice at Nitang, I would not need this campaign." He also joined the campaign against Sima Xiuzhi. He again served on the staff, was made General Who Establishes Martiality, and commanded mobile troops at Jiangjin. When Xu Daizhi was wiped out, the emperor was furious and crossed at Matou Bank the same day. The Jiangjin shore rose in cliffs many zhang high; Xiuzhi lined his troops along the bank, and there seemed no way up. The emperor ordered Fan to lead the ascent. Fan hesitated, and the emperor, enraged, told his guards to seize him for execution. Fan ignored the order and cried over his shoulder, "Fan would rather die advancing!" He wedged his blade into the cliff until it would barely hold his toes, climbed straight up, and others began to follow. Once ashore they fought with desperate fury; the enemy could not hold and fell back. The loyalists pressed the advantage and the enemy broke and fled at once.

高祖伐羌，假藩寧朔將軍，參太尉軍事，統別軍。至河東，暴風漂藩重艦渡北岸，索虜牽得此艦，取其器物。藩氣厲心憤，率左右十二人，乘小船逕往河北。賊騎五六百見藩來，竝笑之。藩素善射，登岸射，賊應弦而倒者十許人，賊皆奔退，悉收所失而反。又遣藩及朱超石等追索虜於半城，虜騎數重，藩及超石所領皆割配新軍，不盈五千，率厲力戰，大破之。又與超石等擊姚業於蒲坂，超石失利退還，藩收超石所捨資實，徐行而反，業不敢追。高祖還彭城，參相國軍事。時盧循餘黨與蘇淫賊大相聚結，以為始興相。論平司馬休之及廣固功，封陽山縣男，食邑五百戶。

On the Qiang campaign the emperor gave Fan the acting rank of General Who Pacifies the North, a post on the Grand Commandant's staff, and command of a detached force. At Hedong a storm drove his heavy transport across to the north bank; northern Di troops captured the vessel and stripped its stores. Burning with shame and rage, Fan took twelve followers in a small boat straight across to the north bank. Five or six hundred enemy horsemen saw him coming and laughed. A fine archer, he landed and shot; more than ten men fell at once, the rest fled, and he recovered everything that had been taken. He sent Fan and Zhu Chao-shi to pursue the enemy at Bancheng. Though the barbarian cavalry formed several lines, Fan and Zhu led fewer than five thousand newly drafted troops, fought with fierce discipline, and won a crushing victory. With Zhu and others he attacked Yao Ye at Puban. When Zhu's force was beaten back, Fan gathered the stores Zhu had abandoned, withdrew in good order, and Ye did not dare pursue. After the emperor returned to Pengcheng, Fan served on the chancellor's staff. Lu Xun's remnants and Su Yin's bandits were rallying in force, and Fan was appointed administrator of Shixing. For pacifying Sima Xiuzhi and the capture of Guanggu he was enfeoffed as Baron of Yangshan with five hundred households.

子隆世嗣，官至西陽太守。隆世卒，子乾秀嗣。藩庶子六十人，多不遵法度。藩第十四子遵世，為臧質寧遠參軍，去職還家，與孔熙先同逆謀，高祖以藩功臣，不欲顯其事，使江州以他事收殺之。二十四年，藩第十六子誕世、第十七子茂世率群從二百餘人攻破郡縣，殺太守桓隆之、令諸葛和之，欲奉庶人義康。值交州刺史檀和之至豫章，討平之。誕世兄車騎參軍新興太守景世、景世弟寶世，詣廷尉歸罪，竝徙遠州。乾秀奪國。世祖初，徙者竝得還。

His son Longshi inherited the fief and rose to prefect of Xiyang. When Longshi died, his son Qianxiu succeeded. Fan had sixty sons by concubines, most of them lawless. Fan's fourteenth son Zunshi had served on Zang Zhi's staff as General Who Pacifies the Distance; he left office, went home, and plotted with Kong Xixian. Because of Fan's service, the emperor would not expose the affair and had Jiangzhou arrest and execute Zunshi on a pretext. In year twenty-four Danshi, Fan's sixteenth son, and Maoshi, his seventeenth, led more than two hundred kinsmen in seizing the local seats, killed Administrator Huan Longzhi and Magistrate Zhuge Hezhi, and tried to set up the deposed Prince Yikang. Inspector of Jiaozhou Tan Hezhi happened to reach Yuzhang and put the rising down. Danshi's elder brother Jingshi, a staff officer of the Chariots and Cavalry and administrator of Xinxing, and Jingshi's younger brother Baoshi surrendered at court and were banished to remote provinces. Qianxiu lost the enfeoffment. Early in Emperor Shizu's reign the exiles were all permitted to return.

劉康祖，彭城呂人，世居京口。伯父簡之，有志幹，為高祖所知。高祖將謀興復，收集才力之士，嘗再造簡之，值有賓客。簡之悟其意，謂弟虔之曰：「劉下邳頻再來，必當有意。既不得共語，汝可試往見之。」既至，高祖已克京城，虔之即便投義。簡之聞之，殺耕牛，會聚徒眾，率以赴高祖。簡之歷官至通直常侍，少府，太尉諮議參軍。簡之弟謙之，好學，撰《晉紀》二十卷；義熙末，為始興相。東海人徐道期流寓廣州，無士行，為僑舊所陵侮。因刺史謝欣死，合率群不逞之徒作亂，攻沒州城，殺士庶素憾者百餘，傾府庫、招集亡命，出攻始興。謙之破走之，進平廣州，誅其黨與，仍行州事。即以為振威將軍、廣州刺史。後為太中大夫。虔之誕節，不營產業，輕財好施。高祖西征司馬休之、魯宗之等，遣參軍檀道濟、朱超石步騎出襄陽，虔之時為江夏相，率府郡兵力出溳城，屯三連，立橋聚糧以待。道濟等積日不至，為宗之子軌所襲，眾寡不敵。參軍孫長庸流涕勸還軍，虔之厲色曰：「我仗順伐辠，理無不克。如其不幸，命也。」戰敗見殺，追贈梁、秦二州刺史，封新康縣男，食邑五百戶。

Liu Kangzu came from Lü in Pengcheng, though his family had long resided at Jingkou. His uncle Jianzhi was a man of resolve and ability whom the Founding Emperor had marked. As the emperor prepared to restore the dynasty, he sought able men and called twice on Jianzhi, but guests were present both times. Jianzhi guessed his purpose and told his brother Qianzhi, "Liu of Xiapi has come twice — he must mean something. Since he could not speak with me, you should go see him yourself." When Qianzhi arrived, the emperor had already taken the capital, and he pledged himself at once. Jianzhi heard, slaughtered an ox for a feast, rallied his followers, and led them to the emperor. Jianzhi rose to Palace Attendant Direct in Communication, Minister of the Privy Purse, and adviser on the Grand Commandant's staff. Jianzhi's younger brother Qianzhi was a scholar who compiled twenty juan of Annals of Jin; and at the end of the Yixi era became administrator of Shixing. Xu Daoqi of Donghai, an exile in Guangzhou, lacked gentlemanly conduct and was bullied by the established migrant clans. When Inspector Xie Xin died, he rallied malcontents, seized the provincial capital, killed more than a hundred people he had long hated, emptied the treasury, recruited fugitives, and marched on Shixing. Qianzhi routed him, pacified Guangzhou, executed his followers, and continued to govern the province. He was then appointed General Who Shakes Might and inspector of Guangzhou. Later he became Grand Master of the Palace. Qianzhi was high-spirited, cared nothing for property, and gave his money away freely. On the western campaign against Sima Xiuzhi and Lu Zongzhi, the emperor sent Tan Daoji and Zhu Chao-shi with infantry and cavalry from Xiangyang. Qianzhi, then administrator of Jiangxia, marched from Yucheng, encamped at Sanlian, bridged the river, and stockpiled grain for the relief force. Tan Daoji's column was long delayed, and Lu Zongzhi's son Gui attacked him before help arrived; he was hopelessly outnumbered. His aide Sun Changyong wept and begged him to retreat. Qianzhi said sharply, "I fight in the name of justice — how can I fail? If fortune turns against me, that is fate." He was defeated and killed. Posthumously he was made inspector of Liang and Qin, enfeoffed as Baron of Xinkang with five hundred households.

康祖，虔之子也，襲封，為長沙王義欣鎮軍參軍，轉員外散騎侍郎。便弓馬，膂力絕人，在閭里不治士業，以浮蕩蒱酒為事。每犯法，為郡縣所錄，輒越屋踰牆，莫之能禽。夜入人家，為有司所圍守，康祖突圍而去，竝莫敢追。因夜還京口，半夕便至。明旦，守門詣府州要職。俄而建康移書錄之，府州執事者竝證康祖其夕在京口，遂見無恙。前後屢被糾劾，太祖以勳臣子，每原貸之。為員外郎十年，再坐摴蒱戲免。

Kangzu, Qianzhi's son, inherited the title, served on Prince Yixin of Changsha's pacification army staff, and became Extraordinary Gentleman of the Scattered Cavalry. He was expert with bow and horse and possessed extraordinary strength, but in his neighborhood he neglected learning for gambling, wine, and dissolute wandering. Whenever the local authorities came for him, he leaped over roofs and walls and none could catch him. Once, after breaking into a house at night, he was surrounded by officials; he burst through the cordon and no one dared follow. He fled by night to Jingkou and arrived before midnight. At dawn he was at his post as gatekeeper at the local government offices. Soon Jiankang sent orders for his arrest, but the local officials all swore he had been in Jingkou that night, and he went free. Impeached again and again, Emperor Taizu pardoned him each time as the son of a meritorious servant. He spent ten years as an extraordinary attendant and twice lost his post for gambling.

轉太子左積弩將軍，隨射聲校尉裴方明西征仇池，與方明同下廷尉，康祖免官。頃之，世祖為豫州刺史，鎮歷陽，以康祖為征虜中兵參軍，既被委任，折節自脩。轉太子翊軍校尉。久之，遷南平王鑠安蠻府司馬。元嘉二十七年春，索虜托拔燾親率大眾攻圍汝南，太祖遣諸軍救援，康祖緫統為前驅。軍次新蔡，與虜戰，俱前百餘里，濟融水。虜眾大至，奮擊破之，斬偽殿中尚書任城公乞地真，去縣瓠四十里，燾燒營退走。轉左軍將軍。

He became Left Strong Crossbow General of the Heir Apparent and joined Pei Fangming's western campaign against Chouchi. When Fangming was sent to the Minister of Justice, Kangzu was dismissed as well. Soon afterward, when Emperor Shizu was inspector of Yuzhou at Liyang, he appointed Kangzu a middle army aide on his staff. Once entrusted with real duties, Kangzu disciplined himself. He was made assistant commander of the heir apparent's supporting army. After some years he became chief administrator on Prince Shuo of Nanping's Pacify the Barbarians staff. In spring of the twenty-seventh year of Yuanjia the Rouran ruler Tuoba Tao led a great army against Runan. Emperor Taizu sent relief forces, with Kangzu in overall command of the vanguard. The army encamped at Xincai, engaged the enemy, and both sides pushed forward more than a hundred li before crossing the Rong River. When the enemy host arrived in force, he attacked with fury, broke them, and beheaded the Rouran minister Qidizhen. Forty li from Hu county, Tuoba Tao burned his camp and fled. He was made General of the Left Army.

太祖欲大舉北伐，康祖以歲月已晚，請待明年。上以河北義徒並起，若頓兵一周，沮向義之志，不許。其年秋，蕭斌、王玄謨、沈慶之等入河，康祖率豫州軍出許、洛。玄謨等敗歸，虜引大眾南度。南平王鑠在壽陽，上慮為所圍，召康祖速反。康祖回軍，未至壽陽數十里，會虜永昌王庫仁真以長安之眾八萬騎，與康祖相及於尉武。康祖凡有八千人，軍副胡盛之欲附山依險，間行取至。康祖怒曰：「吾受命本朝，清蕩河洛。寇今自送，不復遠勞王師，犬羊雖多，實易摧滅。吾兵精器練，去壽陽裁數十里，援軍尋至，亦何患乎！」乃結車營而進。虜四面來攻，大戰一日一夜，殺虜填積。虜分眾為三，且休且戰，以騎負草燒車營。康祖率厲將士，無不一當百，虜死者太半。會矢中頸死，於是大敗，舉營淪覆，為虜所殺盡，自免者裁數十人。虜傳康祖首示彭城，面如生。

When Emperor Taizu planned a major northern campaign, Kangzu urged delay until the next year because the season was already late. The emperor refused, fearing that a week's delay would cool the ardor of the loyalist partisans rising across Hebei. That autumn Xiao Bin, Wang Xuemo, and Shen Qingzhi crossed the Yellow River while Kangzu led the Yuzhou army toward Xu and Luoyang. Xuemo's force was beaten back, and the barbarians drove a great army south across the river. Prince Shuo of Nanping was at Shouyang; fearing he would be encircled, the emperor ordered Kangzu to hurry back. Kangzu was still several tens of li from Shouyang when the Rouran Prince of Yongchang, Kurenzhen, overtook him at Yuwu with eighty thousand cavalry from Chang'an. Kangzu had only eight thousand men. His deputy Hu Shengzhi wanted to slip through the hills by a hidden route to Shouyang. Kangzu snapped, "I was sent by the dynasty to clear the He and Luo country. The foe has delivered himself — no need to trouble the imperial army from afar. However many these sheep and dogs may be, they are easily destroyed. Our men are seasoned and our arms sharp; Shouyang is only a few tens of li away, and relief will come soon. What is there to fear!" He formed a wagon laager and marched forward. The enemy attacked from every side. For a day and a night they fought until the dead barbarians lay in heaps. The enemy split into three bands, fighting and resting in relays, and sent horsemen with bundles of grass to set the laager ablaze. Kangzu drove his men until each fought like a hundred; more than half the enemy perished. Then an arrow struck his neck and killed him. The army collapsed; the camp was overrun and nearly all were slaughtered. Only a few dozen escaped. The enemy displayed Kangzu's head before Pengcheng; his face still looked alive.

胡盛之為虜生禽，托跋燾寵之，常在左右。盛之有勇力，初為長沙王義欣鎮軍參軍督護，討劫譙郡，縣西劫有馬步七十，逃隱深榛，盛之挺身獨進，手斬五十八級。

Hu Shengzhi was taken alive. Tuoba Tao favored him and kept him constantly at his side. Shengzhi was famed for strength. As an aide on Prince Yixin of Changsha's staff, he hunted bandits in Qiao. Seventy raiders fled into deep brush; he went in alone and killed fifty-eight with his own hand.

二十八年，詔曰：「康祖班師尉武，戎律靡忒。對眾以寡，殲殄太半。猛氣雲騰，志申力屈，沒世徇節，良可嘉悼。宜加甄寵，以旌忠烈。可贈益州刺史，諡曰壯男。」傳國至齊受禪，國除。

In year twenty-eight an edict declared, "At Yuwu Kangzu withdrew his army without breach of military law. Though outnumbered, he destroyed more than half the foe. His fury rose like storm clouds; his will was fulfilled though his strength failed; he died loyal to his post — a death worthy of honor and grief. Let honors be added to proclaim his loyal courage. Let him be posthumously made inspector of Yizhou with the posthumous title Strong Baron." The title passed down until Qi took the throne, when the fief was abolished.

垣護之，字彥宗，略陽桓道人也。祖敞，仕苻氏，為長樂國郎中令。慕容德入青州，以敞為車騎長史。德兄子超襲偽位，伯父遵、父苗復見委任。遵為尚書，苗京兆太守。高祖圍廣固，遵、苗踰城歸降，竝以為太尉行參軍。太祖元嘉中，遵為員外散騎常侍，苗屯騎校尉。

Yuan Huzhi, styled Yanzong, came from Huandao in Lueyang commandery. His grandfather Chang had served the Former Qin and become director of gentlemen for the Principality of Changle. When Murong De took Qingzhou, he made Chang chief clerk on his chariots and cavalry staff. When Murong Chao seized the throne, Huzhi's uncle Zun and father Miao were again given high posts. Zun became a minister of writing; Miao became prefect of Jingzhao. When the Founding Emperor besieged Guanggu, Zun and Miao climbed the wall to surrender and both became acting aides on the Grand Commandant's staff. Under Emperor Taizu in the Yuanjia era, Zun was an extraordinary attendant of the scattered cavalry and Miao was colonel of the garrison cavalry.

護之少倜儻，不拘小節，形狀短陋，而氣榦彊果。從高祖征司馬休之，為世子中軍府長史，兼行參軍。永初中，補奉朝請。元嘉初，為殿中將軍。隨到彥之北伐，彥之將回師，護之為書諫曰：「外聞節下欲回師反斾，竊所不同。何者？殘虜畏威，望風奔迸，八載侵地，不戰克復。方當長驅朔漠，窮掃遺醜，況乃自送，無假遠勞。宜使竺靈秀速進滑臺助朱脩之固守，節下大軍進擬河北，則牢、洛游魂，自然奔退。且昔人有連年攻戰，失眾乏糧者，猶張膽爭前，莫肯輕退。況今青州豐穰，濟漕流通，士馬飽逸，威力無損。若空棄滑臺，坐喪成業，豈是朝廷受任之旨。」彥之不納，散敗而歸。太祖聞而善之，以補江夏王義恭征北行參軍、北高平太守。以載禁物繫尚方，久之蒙宥。又補衡陽王義季征北長流參軍，遷宣威將軍、鍾離太守。

Huzhi was bold and careless of convention in youth; though short and plain in appearance, his spirit was fierce and resolute. He joined the campaign against Sima Xiuzhi as chief clerk on the heir apparent's central army staff and acting aide. Early in the Yongchu era he became an attendant at court. At the start of Yuanjia he was made a palace general. On Dao Yanzhi's northern campaign, when Yanzhi prepared to withdraw, Huzhi wrote in protest, "I hear that you mean to turn the army homeward — I cannot agree. Why? The broken enemy fears our might and flees at our banners; territory they held for eight years has been recovered almost without a fight. We should drive deep into the northern wastes and wipe out the remnant foe — especially now that they are delivering themselves without need of a long campaign. Send Zhu Lingxiu quickly to Huatai to reinforce Zhu Xiuzhi, while your main force presses toward Hebei; the garrisons at Hulao and Luoyang will then collapse of themselves. Men of old fought for years even after losing troops and grain, yet still pressed forward and would not lightly retreat. How much more now, when Qingzhou is abundant, the Ji canal open, men and horses rested, and our strength unbroken. To abandon Huatai and throw away what we have won — is that the charge the court gave you?" Yanzhi ignored him and returned in rout. Emperor Taizu approved and made him acting aide on Prince Yigong of Jiangxia's northern campaign staff and prefect of northern Gaoping. He was imprisoned in the imperial workshops for carrying contraband, but was pardoned after a long interval. He then served on Prince Yiji of Hengyang's northern staff, became General Who Proclaims Might, and was made prefect of Zhongli.

隨王玄謨入河，玄謨攻滑臺，護之百舸為前鋒，進據石濟；石濟在滑臺西南百二十里。及虜救至，又馳書勸玄謨急攻，曰：「昔武皇攻廣固，死沒者亦眾。況事殊曩日，豈得計士眾傷疲，願以屠城為急。」不從。玄謨敗退，不暇報護之。護之聞知，而虜悉已牽玄謨水軍大艚，連以鐵鏁三重斷河，欲以絕護之還路。河水迅急，護之中流而下，每至鐵鏁，以長柯斧斷之，虜不能禁。唯失一舸，餘舸竝全。留戍靡溝城。還為江夏王義恭驃騎戶曹參軍，戍淮陰。加建武將軍，領濟北太守。率二千人復隨張永攻碻磝，先據委粟津。虜杜道俊與偽尚書伏連來援碻磝，護之拒之，賊因引軍東去。蕭思話遣護之迎軍至梁山，偽尚書韓元興率精騎卒至，護之依險拒戰，斬其都軍長史，甲首數十，賊乃退。思話將引還，誑護之云：「沈慶之救軍垂至，可急於濟口立橋。」護之揣知其意，即分遣白丁。思話復令度河戍乞活堡，以防追軍。

He followed Wang Xuemo across the Yellow River. When Xuemo besieged Huatai, Huzhi led a hundred boats as vanguard and seized Shiji; Shiji lay a hundred and twenty li southwest of Huatai. When enemy relief arrived, he urged Xuemo by urgent letter to press the assault: "When the Martial Emperor took Guanggu, many men died as well. Today's situation is far better — you cannot weigh casualties against victory. Take the city at once." Xuemo refused. Xuemo was beaten and fled without warning Huzhi. When Huzhi learned of it, the enemy had already seized Xuemo's great ships and stretched three lines of iron chains across the river to block his retreat. The current was fierce. Huzhi ran downstream and, at each chain, chopped it apart with a long-handled axe; the enemy could not stop him. He lost only one boat; the rest escaped intact. He left a garrison at Migou. He returned to serve on Prince Yigong of Jiangxia's staff and garrisoned Huaiyin. He was made General Who Establishes Martiality and acting prefect of Jibei. With two thousand men he again joined Zhang Yong against Que'ao and seized Weisu Ford first. Du Daojun and the Rouran minister Fulian came to relieve Que'ao; Huzhi drove them off and the enemy marched east. Xiao Sihua sent Huzhi to meet the army at Liangshan. Han Yuanxing arrived with elite cavalry; Huzhi fought from rough ground, killed their army commander's chief clerk, took dozens of heads, and the enemy withdrew. Sihua planned to withdraw and tricked Huzhi, saying, "Shen Qingzhi's relief is nearly here — build a bridge quickly at the Ji crossing." Huzhi saw through the ruse and sent out labor parties at once. Sihua then ordered him across the river to hold Qihuo Fort against pursuit.

三十年春，太祖崩，遷屯歷下。聞世祖入討，率所領馳赴，上嘉之，以為督冀州、青州之濟南、樂安、太原三郡諸軍事、寧遠將軍、冀州刺史。孝建元年，南郡王義宣反，兗州刺史徐遺寶，護之妻弟也。遠相連結，與護之書，勸使同逆。護之馳使以聞。遺寶時戍湖陸，護之留子恭祖守歷城，自率步騎襲遺寶。道經鄒山，破其別戍。未至湖陸六十里，遺寶焚城西走。兗土既定，徵為游擊將軍。

In spring of year thirty Emperor Taizu died, and Huzhi moved his camp to Lixia. When Emperor Shizu marched to suppress the rebels, Huzhi raced to join him. The emperor praised his loyalty and made him commander over Ji and Qing, General Who Pacifies the Distance, and inspector of Ji. In Xiaojian 1 Prince Yixuan of Nanjun rebelled. Xu Yibao, inspector of Yanzhou, was Huzhi's brother-in-law. They were in contact from afar, and Yibao wrote urging Huzhi to rebel with them. Huzhi sent an urgent report to court. Yibao was at Hulu. Huzhi left his son Gongzu at Licheng and led infantry and cavalry against him. Marching past Zou Mountain, he destroyed a detached garrison. Sixty li from Hulu, Yibao burned the city and fled west. Once Yan was pacified, he was recalled as General of Mobile Strikes.

隨沈慶之等擊魯爽，加輔國將軍。義宣率大眾至梁山，與王玄謨相持。柳元景率護之及護之弟詢之、柳叔仁、鄭琨等諸軍，出鎮新亭。玄謨見賊強盛，遣司馬管法濟求救甚急。上遣元景等進據南州，護之水軍先發。賊遣將龐法起率眾襲姑孰，適值護之、鄭琨等至，奮擊，大破之，斬獲及投水死略盡。玄謨馳信告元景曰：「西城不守，唯餘東城，眾寡相懸，請退還姑孰，更議進取。」元景不許，將悉眾赴救，護之勸分軍援之。元景然其計，乃以精兵配護之赴梁山。及戰，護之見賊舟艦累遝，謂玄謨曰：「今當以火平之。」即使隊主張談等燒賊艦，風猛水急，賊軍以此奔散。梁山平，護之率軍追討，會朱脩之以平江陵，至尋陽而還。遷督徐、兗二州、豫州之梁郡諸軍事、寧朔將軍、徐州刺史，封益陽縣侯。食邑千戶。

He joined Shen Qingzhi against Lu Shuang and was made General Who Assists the State. Yixuan brought a great army to Liangshan and locked in stalemate with Wang Xuemo. Liu Yuanjing led Huzhi, his brother Xunzhi, Liu Shuren, Zheng Kun, and other forces to garrison Xinting. Seeing the rebels' strength, Xuemo sent his major Guan Faji with an urgent plea for help. The emperor sent Yuanjing south; Huzhi's fleet sailed first. The rebels sent Pang Faqi against Gudu just as Huzhi and Zheng Kun arrived. They attacked fiercely and nearly annihilated the enemy by blade and drowning. Xuemo wrote urgently to Yuanjing, "The west bank is lost and only the east holds. We are badly outnumbered. Withdraw to Gudu and plan again." Yuanjing refused and prepared to march in full force; Huzhi urged sending only part of the army. Yuanjing agreed and gave Huzhi picked troops for Liangshan. In the battle Huzhi saw the enemy ships massed thick and told Xuemo, "We must settle this with fire." He had Zhang Tan and others set the enemy fleet ablaze. Wind and current did the rest, and the rebel fleet scattered. After Liangshan fell, Huzhi pursued the enemy until Zhu Xiuzhi pacified Jiangling; he went as far as Xunyang and returned. He was made commander over Xu and Yan, General Who Pacifies the North, inspector of Xuzhou, and Marquis of Yiyang. His fief was one thousand households.

弟詢之，驍敢有氣力，元兇夙聞其名，以副輔國將軍張柬。時張超首行大逆，亦領軍隸柬。詢之規殺之，慮柬不同，柬宿有此志，又未測詢之同否，互相觀察。會超來論事，柬色動，詢之覺之，即共定謀，遣信召超。超疑之，不至，改宿他所。詢之不知其移，逕斫之，殺其僕於牀，因與柬南奔。柬溺淮死，詢之得至。時世祖已即位，以為積弩將軍。梁山之役力戰，為流矢所中。死，追贈冀州刺史。

His younger brother Xunzhi was fierce and powerful. The usurper had long heard of him and made him deputy to Zhang Dong, General Who Assists the State. Zhang Chao, who had led the great treason, also commanded troops under Dong. Xunzhi planned to kill Chao but feared Dong would not agree. Dong had long wanted the same yet could not tell if Xunzhi would join him; each watched the other. When Chao came to discuss business, Dong's face changed. Xunzhi noticed, they sealed their plot, and sent for Chao. Chao grew suspicious, stayed away, and lodged elsewhere. Not knowing Chao had moved, Xunzhi struck at the bed and killed a servant; he and Dong fled south. Dong drowned in the Huai; Xunzhi escaped. By then Emperor Shizu had ascended the throne and made him Strong Crossbow General. He fought fiercely at Liangshan and was struck by a stray arrow. He died and was posthumously made inspector of Ji.

二年，護之坐論功挾私，免官。復為游擊將軍。俄遷大司馬，輔國將軍，領南東海太守。未拜，復督青、冀二州諸軍事、寧遠將軍、青、冀二州刺史，鎮歷城。明年，進號寧朔將軍。進督徐州之東莞、東安二郡軍事。世祖以歷下要害，欲移青州并鎮歷城。議者多異。護之曰：「青州北有河、濟，又多陂澤，非虜所向。每來寇掠，必由歷城，二州并鎮，此經遠之略也。北又近河，歸順者易，近息民患，遠申王威，安邊之上計也。」由是遂定。

In year two he was dismissed for letting private favor sway his judgment of merit. He was restored as General of Mobile Strikes. Soon he was made Grand Marshal and General Who Assists the State, and acting prefect of southern Donghai. Before he assumed the post he was made commander over Qing and Ji, General Who Pacifies the Distance, inspector of both provinces, and garrison commander at Licheng. The following year he was promoted to General Who Pacifies the North. He was also given command over Dongguan and Dong'an in Xuzhou. Because Lixia was strategically vital, Emperor Shizu wanted to move the Qingzhou headquarters to Licheng. Many at court disagreed. Huzhi argued, "North of Qingzhou lie the Yellow and Ji rivers and many marshes — not where barbarians strike. Every raid passes through Licheng. Garrisoning both provinces there is the sound long-term strategy. It is close to the northern rivers, so defectors come easily; nearby it eases the people's burdens, afar it displays royal power — the best plan for securing the border." The plan was adopted.

子承祖嗣。承祖卒，子顯宗嗣。齊受禪，國除。護之次子恭祖，勇果有父風。太宗泰始初，以軍功為梁、南秦二州刺史。

His son Chengzu inherited the title. When Chengzu died, his son Xianzong succeeded. When Qi took the throne, the fief was abolished. Huzhi's second son Gongzu was bold and resolute in his father's mold. Early in Emperor Taizong's Taishi era he became inspector of Liang and southern Qin for his military service.

遵子閬，元嘉中，為員外散騎侍郎。母墓為東阿寺道人曇洛等所發，閬與弟殿中將軍閎共殺曇洛等五人，詣官歸罪，見原。閬，大明三年，自義興太守為寧朔將軍、兗州刺史，為竟陵王誕所殺。追贈征虜將軍，刺史如故。閎，順帝昇明末，右衛將軍。

Zun's son Lang served as extraordinary attendant of the scattered cavalry in the Yuanjia era. When monks from Dong'a Temple robbed his mother's tomb, Lang and his brother Hong, a palace general, killed five of them, surrendered at court, and were pardoned. In the third year of Daming Lang rose from administrator of Yixing to General Who Pacifies the North and inspector of Yanzhou, and was killed by Prince Dan of Jingling. Posthumously he was made General Who Campaigns Against the Barbarians, retaining his inspector's rank. Hong became General of the Right Guard late in Emperor Shun's Shengming era.

張興世，字文德，竟陵竟陵人也。本單名世，太宗益為興世。少時家貧，南郡宗珍之為竟陵郡，興世依之為客。竟陵舊置軍府，以補參軍督護，不就。白衣隨王玄謨伐蠻，每戰，輒有禽獲，玄謨舊部曲諸將不及也，甚奇之。興世還都，白太祖，稱其膽力。後隨世祖鎮尋陽，以補南中參軍督護。入討元兇，隸柳元景為前鋒。事定，轉員外將軍，領從隊。南郡王義宣反，又隨玄謨出梁山，有戰功。除建平王宏中軍行參軍，領長刀。又隸西平王子尚為直衛。坐從子尚入臺，棄仗游走，下獄，免官。復以白衣充直衛。

Zhang Xingshi, styled Wende, came from Jingling in Jingling commandery. His original given name was Shi; Emperor Taizong expanded it to Xingshi. His family was poor in youth. When Zong Zhenzhi of Nanjun became prefect of Jingling, Xingshi joined him as a retainer. When offered a staff post at the old Jingling military headquarters, he declined. As a common soldier he followed Wang Xuemo against the Man tribes and took captives in every fight, outdoing Xuemo's veteran officers. Xuemo was astonished. Back in the capital, he praised Xingshi's courage to Emperor Taizu. Later he followed Emperor Shizu to Xunyang as an aide and guard commander. On the campaign against the usurper he served under Liu Yuanjing as vanguard. After the revolt was crushed he became extraordinary general and led the escort detachment. When Prince Yixuan of Nanjun rebelled, he again followed Xuemo to Liangshan and distinguished himself. He became acting aide on Prince Hong of Jianping's central army staff and commanded the long-blade troops. He then served as a direct guard to Prince Zishang of Xiping. For following Zishang into the palace, casting aside his weapons, and roaming the halls, he was jailed and dismissed. He again served as a guard, this time in commoner's dress.

大明末，除員外散騎侍郎，仍除宣威將軍、隨郡太守。未行，太宗即位，四方反叛。進興世號龍驤將軍，領水軍，距南賊於赭圻。築二城於湖口，偽龍驤將軍陳慶領舸於前為游軍。興世率龍驤將軍佼長生、董凱之攻克二城，因擊慶，慶戰大敗，投水死者數千人。時臺軍據赭圻，南賊屯鵲尾，相持久不決。興世建議曰：「賊據上流，兵強地勝。我今雖相持有餘，而制敵不足。今若以兵數千，潛出其上，因險自固，隨宜斷截，使其首尾周遑，進退疑沮，中流一梗，糧運自艱。制賊之奇，莫過於此。」沈攸之、吳喜並贊其計。時豫州刺史殷琰之據壽陽同逆，為劉勔所攻，南賊遣龐孟虯率軍助琰，劉勔遣信求援甚急。建安王休仁欲遣興世救之，問沈攸之。攸之曰：「孟虯蟻寇，必無能為。遣別將馬步數千，足以相制。若有意外，且以江西餌之。上流若捷，不憂不殄。興世之行，是安危大機，必不可輟。」乃遣段佛榮等援勔。

Late in Daming he was made extraordinary gentleman of the scattered cavalry, General Who Proclaims Might, and prefect of Suijun. Before he could take up his post, Emperor Taizong ascended the throne and rebellions erupted everywhere. He was promoted to General of the Soaring Dragon, given command of the fleet, and posted against the southern rebels at Zheqi. The rebels built two forts at Hukou; their General of the Soaring Dragon Chen Qing led a mobile fleet ahead. Xingshi, Jiao Changsheng, and Dong Kaizhi took both forts, then routed Chen Qing; thousands drowned trying to escape. The imperial army held Zheqi while the rebels camped at Quewei, and the stalemate dragged on. Xingshi proposed, "The rebels hold the upper river, with strong troops and favorable ground. We can hold our own in stalemate, but we cannot master them. Send several thousand men secretly upstream, fortify a strong position, and cut their communications at will. Their front and rear will fall into confusion, their movements uncertain; block midstream and their grain convoys will fail. No stratagem could be stranger or more effective." Shen Youzhi and Wu Xi both endorsed the plan. Yin Yan of Yuzhou held Shouyang for the rebels and was besieged by Liu Yu. The rebels sent Pang Mengjiao to relieve him, and Liu Yu begged urgently for help. Prince Xiuren of Jian'an wanted to send Xingshi to relieve Liu Yu and consulted Shen Youzhi. Youzhi said, "Mengjiao is a mere ant — he can do nothing. A few thousand horse and foot under another commander will be enough. If something goes wrong, let Jiangxi serve as bait for now. Win upstream and they will be destroyed without fail. Xingshi's mission is the pivot of victory or defeat — it must not be stopped." He sent Duan Furong and others to aid Liu Yu instead.

興世欲率所領直取大雷，而軍旅未集，不足分張。會薛索兒平定，太宗使張永以步騎五千留戍盱眙，餘眾二萬人悉遣南討。山陽又尋平。徵阮佃夫所領諸軍，悉還南伐，眾軍大集。乃分戰士七千配興世，興世乃令輕舸泝流而上，旋復回還，一二日中，輒復如此，使賊不為之備。劉胡聞興世欲上，笑之曰：「我尚不敢越彼下取揚州，張興世何物人，欲輕據我上！」興世謂攸之等曰：「上流唯有錢谿可據，地既險要，江又甚狹，去大眾不遠，應赴無難。江有洄洑，船下必來泊，岸有橫浦，可以藏船舸，二三為宜。」乃夜渡湖口，至鵲頭，因復回下疑之。其夜四更，值風，仍舉颿直前。賊亦遣胡靈秀諸軍，於東岸相翼而上。興世夕住景江浦宿，賊亦不進。夜潛遣黃道摽領七十舸，徑據錢谿，營立城柴。明旦，興世與軍齊集。停一宿，劉胡自領水步二十六軍平旦來攻。將士欲迎擊之，興世禁曰：「賊來尚遠，而氣盛矢驟，驟既力盡，盛亦易衰，此曹劌之所以破齊也。」令將士不得妄動，治城如故。俄而賊來轉近，舫入洄洑，興世乃命壽寂之、任農夫率壯士數百擊之，眾軍相繼進，胡於是敗走。斬級數百，投水者甚眾，胡收軍而下。

Xingshi wanted to strike straight at Dalei, but the armies were not yet assembled and he lacked troops to divide. When Xue Suo'er was pacified, the emperor left Zhang Yong with five thousand men at Xuyi and sent the remaining twenty thousand south. Shanyang was pacified soon after. Ruan Tianfu's armies were recalled for the southern campaign, and the hosts assembled in force. Seven thousand fighters were assigned to Xingshi. He sent light boats upstream, then back again, repeating the feint every day or two until the rebels ceased to guard against him. When Liu Hu heard Xingshi meant to move upstream, he laughed and said, "I would not dare cross below them to take Yangzhou — who is Zhang Xingshi to seize the ground above me!" Xingshi told Youzhi and the others, "Only Qianxi upstream can be held — the ground is vital and the river narrow, close enough to the main army for easy support. The river has eddies where downstream boats must moor; cross channels along the bank can hide two or three squadrons." That night he crossed Hukou to Quetou, then turned downstream again to keep them guessing. At the fourth watch wind rose, and he set sail straight upstream. The rebels sent Hu Lingxiu's force up the eastern bank in support. Xingshi anchored at Jingjiang Ford that evening; the enemy also halted. By night he secretly sent Huang Daobiao with seventy boats to seize Qianxi and build a stockade. At dawn Xingshi joined him with the main force. After one night Liu Hu led twenty-six combined armies against them at dawn. His men wanted to sally out, but Xingshi forbade it: "The enemy is still far, but their fury is at its peak. Let them spend it — that is how Cao Gui beat Qi." He ordered his men to hold their positions and keep building the fortifications. As the enemy drew near and their boats entered the eddies, Xingshi sent Shou Jizhi and Ren Nongfu with hundreds of picked men to strike; the rest followed, and Liu Hu fled. Hundreds were beheaded and many drowned; Hu gathered what remained and withdrew downstream.

時興世城壘未固，司徒建安王休仁慮賊并力更攻錢谿，欲分其形勢，命沈攸之、吳喜、佼長生、劉靈遺等以皮艦二十，攻賊濃湖，苦戰連日，斬獲千數。是日，劉胡果率眾軍，欲更攻興世。未至錢谿數十里，袁顗以濃湖之急遽追之，錢谿城柴由此得立。賊連戰轉敗，興世又遏其糧道，尋陽遣運至南陵，不敢下，賊眾漸饑。劉胡乃遣顗安北府司馬、偽右軍沈仲玉領千人步取南陵，迎接糧運。仲玉至南陵，領米三十萬斛，錢布數十舫，豎榜為城，規欲突過。行至貴口，不敢進，遣間信報胡，令遣重軍援接。興世、壽寂之、任農夫、李安民等三千人至貴口擊之，與仲玉相值。交戰盡日，仲玉走還顗營，悉虜其資實；賊眾大敗，胡棄軍遁走，顗仍亦奔散。興世率軍追討，與吳喜共平江陵。遷左軍將軍，尋為督豫、司二州、南豫州之梁郡諸軍事，封作唐縣侯，食邑千戶。徵為游擊將軍。

While Xingshi's fort was still unfinished, Prince Xiuren of Jian'an feared a combined assault on Qianxi and ordered Shen Youzhi, Wu Xi, and others with twenty warships to attack Nonghu, fighting bitterly for days and taking thousands of heads. That day Liu Hu did lead his armies to attack Xingshi again. When he was still tens of li from Qianxi, Yuan Yi recalled him urgently because of the crisis at Nonghu, and the Qianxi stockade was completed. The rebels lost battle after battle. Xingshi blocked their grain route; convoys from Xunyang reached Nanling but dared not land, and hunger spread through the rebel ranks. Liu Hu sent Yuan Yi's staff officer Shen Zhongyu with a thousand foot soldiers to seize Nanling and escort the grain convoy. At Nanling Zhongyu took charge of three hundred thousand hu of grain and dozens of boats of cash and cloth, raised barricades like a wall, and prepared to force a passage downstream. At Guikou he halted, too afraid to advance, and sent a secret messenger asking Liu Hu for a strong escort. Xingshi, Shou Jizhi, Ren Nongfu, and Li Anmin with three thousand men struck at Guikou and met Zhongyu. They fought all day. Zhongyu fled to Yuan Yi's camp and left all his stores behind; the rebel army was shattered. Liu Hu abandoned his troops and fled; Yuan Yi broke and scattered as well. Xingshi pursued the enemy and, with Wu Xi, pacified Jiangling. He became General of the Left Army, then commander over Yu and Si and Liang in southern Yu, and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Zuotang with one thousand households. He was recalled as General of Mobile Strikes.

興世居臨沔水，沔水自襄陽以下，至於九江，二千里中，先無洲嶼。興世初生，當其門前水中，一旦忽生洲，年年漸大，及至興世為方伯，而洲上遂十餘頃。父仲子，由興世致位給事中。興世欲將往襄陽，愛戀鄉里，不肯去。嘗謂興世：「我雖田舍老公，樂聞鼓角，可送一部，行田時吹之。」興世素恭謹畏法憲，譬之曰：「此是天子鼓角，非田舍老公所吹。」興世欲拜墓，仲子謂曰：「汝衛從太多，先人必當驚怖。」興世減撤而後行。

Xingshi lived on the Mian River. From Xiangyang to Jiujiang — two thousand li of water — there had never been an islet. When he was born, an islet suddenly rose in the water before his gate. It grew year by year until, when he became a regional commander, it covered more than ten qing. His father Zhongzi rose to palace attendant through Xingshi's success. When Xingshi wanted to take him to Xiangyang, he refused to leave his home village. He once told Xingshi, "I may be a rustic old man, but I love the sound of drums and horns. Send me a set to play when I walk the fields." Xingshi, ever respectful of law, replied, "Those are the Son of Heaven's drums and horns — not for a rustic old man to blow." When Xingshi planned to visit the family graves, Zhongzi said, "Your escort is too large — our ancestors would be terrified." Xingshi reduced his escort before he went.

興世子欣業，當嗣封，會齊受禪，國除。

Xingshi's son Xinye was to inherit the title, but when Qi took the throne the fief was abolished.

史臣曰：兵固詭道，勝在用奇。當二帝爭雄，天人之分未決，南北連兵，相阨而不得進者，半歲矣。蓋乃趙壁拔幟之機，官渡熸師之日，至於鵲浦投戈，實興世用奇之力也。建斾垂組，豈徒然哉！

The historian writes: War is deception, and victory belongs to the unexpected. When two emperors contended and the mandate of Heaven hung in the balance, the armies of north and south faced each other without moving for half a year. It was a moment like pulling the Zhao banners from the wall, like the annihilation at Guandu — and the casting down of arms at Quepu was truly the work of Xingshi's stratagem. His banners and ribbons were not won in vain!

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