Volume 52 Biographies 12: Yu Yue, Wang Dan, Xie Jingren, Yuan Zhan, Chu Shudu

庾悅，字仲豫，潁川𨻳陵人也。曾祖亮，晉太尉。祖羲，吳國內史。父准，西中郎將、豫州刺史。悅少為衛將軍琅邪王行參軍、司馬，徙主簿，轉右長史。桓玄輔政，領豫州，以悅為別駕從事史，遷驍騎將軍。玄篡位，徙中書侍郎。高祖定京邑，武陵王遵承制，以悅為寧遠將軍、安遠護軍、武陵內史。以病去職。鎮軍府版諮議參軍，轉車騎從事中郎。劉毅請為撫軍司馬，不就。遷車騎中軍司馬。從征廣固，竭其誠力。

Yu Yue, styled Zhongyu, came from Yancheng in Yingchuan Commandery. His great-grandfather Liang had served as Jin Grand Commandant. His grandfather Xi had been Interior Minister of Wu. His father Zhun held the posts of General of the Right in the Center and Inspector of Yu Province. In his youth Yue served the Prince of Langye as acting retainer and major under the General of the Guard, then became chief clerk and was promoted to right chief clerk. When Huan Xuan held the regency and took charge of Yu Province, he made Yue his administrative aide and attending clerk, later promoting him to General of Valiant Cavalry. After Xuan seized the throne, Yue was transferred to Gentleman Attendant of the Secretariat. After the High Ancestor took the capital, Prince Zun of Wuling, acting with imperial authority, made Yue General of Pacification at a Distance, Protector of the Army at a Distance, and Interior Minister of Wuling. He resigned because of illness. The Pacifying Army headquarters commissioned him as advising retainer, after which he became attendant gentleman of the Chariots and Cavalry. Liu Yi asked him to serve as major of the Pacifying Army, but he declined. He was promoted to major of the center army under the Chariots and Cavalry. He took part in the campaign against Guanggu and gave the effort everything he had.

盧循逼京都，以為督江州、豫州之西陽、新蔡、汝南、潁川、司州之弘農、揚州之松滋六郡諸軍事、建威將軍、江州刺史，從東道出鄱陽。循遣將英糾千餘人斷五畝嶠，悅破之，進據豫章，絕循糧援。

When Lu Xun threatened the capital, Yue was appointed to oversee military affairs in Jiang Province and six commanderies—Xiyang, Xincai, Runan, and Yingchuan in Yu, Hongnong in Si, and Songzi in Yang—and made General Who Establishes Might and Inspector of Jiang Province, marching east through Poyang. Xun sent General Ying Jiu with over a thousand men to hold Wumu Pass; Yue routed them, seized Yuzhang, and severed Xun's supply lines.

初，毅家在京口，貧約過常，嘗與鄉曲士大夫往東堂共射。時悅為司徒右長史，暫至京，要府州僚佐共出東堂。毅已先至，遣與悅相聞，曰：「身久躓頓，營一遊集甚難。君如意人，無處不可為適，豈能以此堂見讓。」悅素豪，徑前，不答毅語。眾人並避之，唯毅留射如故。悅廚饌甚盛，不以及毅。毅既不去，悅甚不歡，俄頃亦退。毅又相聞曰：「身今年未得子鵝，豈能以殘炙見惠。」悅又不答。

Earlier, when Yi's household was at Jingkou and living more meagerly than most, he had sometimes gone with local gentlemen to shoot at the Eastern Hall. At the time Yue was right chief clerk to the Minister of Works and was briefly in the capital; he invited colleagues from the prefectural and provincial staffs to join him at the Eastern Hall. Yi had arrived first and sent word to Yue: "I have been mired in hardship for so long that it is no small thing to arrange even one outing. You are a man who always has his way; you can make yourself comfortable anywhere—surely you would not yield this hall to me?" Yue, who was naturally imperious, walked straight in without answering Yi. Everyone else drew aside; only Yi went on shooting as before. Yue's table was lavish, yet nothing was sent to Yi. When Yi still would not leave, Yue grew thoroughly displeased and withdrew himself a little later. Yi sent another message: "I have not even had a young goose this year—why should I accept your leftovers as a kindness?" Again Yue did not answer.

盧循平後，毅求都督江州，以江州內地，治民為職，不宜置軍府，上表陳之曰：「臣聞天以盈虛為道，治以損益為義。時否而政不革，民凋而事不損，則無以救急病於已危，拯塗炭於將絕。自頃戎車屢駕，干戈溢境，江州以一隅之地，當逆順之衝，力弱民慢，而器運所繼。自桓玄以來，驅蹙殘毀，至乃男不被養，女無對匹，逃亡去就，不避幽深，自非財單力竭，無以至此。若不曲心矜理，有所改移，則靡遺之歎，奄焉必及。臣謬荷增統，傷慨兼懷。夫設官分職，軍國殊用，牧民以息務為大，武略以濟事為先。今兼而領之，蓋出於權事，因藉既久，遂為常則。江州在腹心之中，憑接揚、豫，藩屏所倚，實為重複。昔胡寇縱逸，朔馬臨江，抗禦之宜，蓋出權計。以溫嶠明達，事由一己，猶覺其弊，論之備悉。今江右區區，戶不盈數十萬，地不逾數千里，而統司鱗次，未獲減息，大而言之，足為國恥。況乃地在無軍，而軍府猶置，文武將佐，資費非一，豈所謂經國大情，揚湯去火者哉？其州郡邊江，民戶遼落，加以郵亭嶮闊，畏阻風波，轉輸往還，常有淹廢；又非所謂因其所利，以濟其弊者也。愚謂宜解軍府，移治豫章，處十郡之中，厲簡惠之政，比及數年，可有生氣。且屬縣凋散，亦有所存，而役調送迎，不得休止，亦謂應隨宜並減，以簡眾費。刺史庾悅，自臨州部，甚有恤民之誠，但綱維不革，自非綱目所理。尋陽接蠻，宜有防遏，可即州府千兵，以助郡戍。」於是解悅都督、將軍官，以刺史移鎮豫章。毅以親將趙恢領千兵守尋陽，建威府文武三千悉入毅府，符攝嚴峻，數相挫辱。悅不得志，疽發背，到豫章少日卒，進年三十八。追贈征虜將軍。以廣固之功，追封新陽縣五等男。

After Lu Xun was defeated, Liu Yi sought to be made military overseer of Jiang Province. He argued that Jiang lay in the interior and that its proper task was civil administration, not the maintenance of a military headquarters, and submitted a memorial: "I have heard that Heaven itself works through waxing and waning, and that sound government works through cutting back and building up. When times are adverse yet policy stays unchanged, when the people are ruined yet burdens are not lifted, there is no saving a crisis already acute or a people already at the edge of ruin. Lately campaigns have followed one after another and arms have flooded the borders. Jiang Province is only one corner of the realm, yet it has lain in the path of every clash between rebel and loyalist; weak in force and slack in its people, it has nonetheless borne the full weight of these upheavals. Since Huan Xuan's day the region has been harried and laid waste until men could not be raised and women found no husbands; people fled or returned without regard to how deep into the hills they went. Only when households were stripped bare and strength spent could ruin go so far. Unless the court bends its heart to merciful rule and makes real changes, the lament that none are left will come upon us before long. I have undeservedly been given added authority, and grief and indignation weigh on me together. Offices exist for different purposes in civil and military affairs: governing the people means above all easing their burdens, while military strategy means above all accomplishing the mission. Combining both roles was at first only an expedient; because the arrangement has lasted so long, it has hardened into custom. Jiang Province lies in the heartland, adjoining Yang and Yu—the very screen on which the realm relies—so that the present arrangement is truly redundant. When barbarian raiders once ran wild and northern horses reached the Yangzi, the measures taken for defense were only expedients of the moment. Even Wen Jiao, clear-sighted as he was, saw the harm when one man held both roles, and discussed the problem at length. Today the lands south of the Yangzi are a narrow strip: fewer than a few hundred thousand households, territory no more than a few thousand li, yet supervisory offices crowd in rank upon rank without relief. Broadly speaking, this is a national disgrace. Moreover, the region no longer needs an army, yet the military headquarters remains, with all its civil and military staff and their many expenses. Is this the great principle of governing a state—skimming the broth while the fire still burns beneath? Its prefectures and counties line the river; households are sparse and scattered, and the postal stations lie far apart across dangerous waters, so that men fear wind and wave and transport is constantly delayed or lost; nor is this using advantage to remedy harm. I believe the military headquarters should be abolished and the seat moved to Yuzhang, placed among ten commanderies, with a policy of simplicity and kindness enforced; within a few years the region could breathe again. The outlying counties are ruined, yet escorts and levies never stop; jurisdictions should be merged where possible to cut the waste. Inspector Yu Yue has meant well for the people since he arrived, but without structural reform even his zeal cannot reach every problem. Xunyang fronts tribal country and needs a visible guard: detach a thousand men from the prefectural army to stiffen the county posts." Yue was therefore stripped of his supervisory and general titles and, retaining only his inspectorship, was moved to garrison Yuzhang. Yi sent his confidant Zhao Hui with a thousand men to garrison Xunyang, absorbed all three thousand civil and military staff of Yue's former headquarters into his own command, and issued harsh orders that repeatedly humiliated him. Frustrated in his aims, Yue developed a carbuncle on his back and died within a few days of reaching Yuzhang, aged thirty-eight. He was posthumously made General Who Campaigns Against Barbarians. For his service at Guanggu he was posthumously enfeoffed as fifth-rank baron of Xinyang County.

王誕，字茂世，琅邪臨沂人，太保弘從兄也。祖恬，中軍將軍。父混，太常。誕少有才藻，晉孝武帝崩，從叔尚書令珣為哀策文，久而未就，謂誕曰：「猶少序節物一句。」因出本示誕。誕攬筆便益之，接其「秋冬代變」後云：「霜繁廣除，風回高殿。」珣嗟歎清拔，因而用之。襲爵雉鄉侯，拜秘書郎，琅邪王文學，中軍功曹。

Wang Dan, styled Maoshi, came from Linyi in Langye Commandery and was a paternal cousin of Grand Guardian Wang Hong. His grandfather Tian had been General of the Center Army. His father Hun had served as Grand Master of Ceremonies. Dan showed literary talent early. When Emperor Xiaowu of Jin died, his father's cousin Xun, then Minister of Works, was drafting the lamentation but could not finish it; he told Dan, "I still lack a line on the seasonal turn." He showed Dan the draft. Dan took the brush and at once added a line after "autumn and winter give way to one another": "Frost thickens in the broad courts; wind circles the lofty halls." Xun marveled at its clarity and kept the line. He inherited the marquisate of Zhixiang, became gentleman of the Secretariat, literary scholar to the Prince of Langye, and merit officer of the center army.

隆安四年，會稽王世子元顯開後軍府，又以誕補功曹。尋除尚書吏部郎，仍為後軍長史，領廬江太守，加鎮蠻護軍。轉龍驤將軍、琅邪內史，長史如故。誕結事元顯嬖人張法順，故為元顯所寵。元顯納妾，誕為之親迎。隨府轉驃騎長史，將軍、內史如故。元顯討桓玄，欲悉誅桓氏，誕固陳脩等與玄志趣不同，由此得免。脩，誕甥也。及玄得志，誕將見誅，脩為之陳請；又言脩等得免之由，乃徙誕廣州。

In the fourth year of Long'an, when Kuaiji heir Yuanxian opened a rear army headquarters, Dan was again made merit officer. He was soon made gentleman of the Ministry of Personnel, while continuing as chief clerk of the rear army, concurrently administering Lujiang and serving as protector of the army who pacifies the barbarians. He was promoted to General of the Dragon Cavalry and Interior Minister of Langye, retaining his post as chief clerk. Dan cultivated Zhang Fashun, Yuanxian's favorite, and thereby won Yuanxian's favor. When Yuanxian took a concubine, Dan went in person to fetch her for him. When the headquarters shifted he became chief clerk of the Rapid Cavalry, keeping his general's rank and interior ministership. When Yuanxian marched against Huan Xuan he meant to execute the entire Huan clan; Dan argued firmly that Xiu and others did not share Xuan's aims, and they were spared. Xiu was Dan's nephew. When Xuan seized power, Dan was to be executed; Xiu pleaded for him; and, citing the reason Xiu and the others had been spared, had Dan banished to Guangzhou instead.

盧循據廣州。以誕為其平南府長史，甚賓禮之。誕久客思歸，乃說循曰：「下官流遠在此，被蒙殊眷，士感知己，實思報答。本非戎旅，在此無用。素為劉鎮軍所識，情味不淺，若得北歸，必蒙任寄，公私際會，思報厚恩，愈於停此，空移歲月。」循甚然之。時廣州刺史吳隱之亦為循所拘留，誕又曰：「將軍今留吳公，公私非計。孫伯符豈不欲留華子魚，但以一境不容二君耳。」於是誕及隱之並得還。

Lu Xun seized Guangzhou. He made Dan chief clerk of his Pacify-the-South headquarters and honored him as a distinguished guest. Longing to go home after years as a guest, Dan urged Xun: "I have been cast far from home yet have received extraordinary favor from you; a gentleman who knows his benefactor longs to repay him. I am no soldier and am of no use here. Liu the Pacifier has known me for years and thinks well of me; if I return north he will surely employ me, and at the right moment I could repay your kindness far better than by sitting here while the months slip away." Xun agreed wholeheartedly. Inspector Wu Yin of Guangzhou was also being held; Dan added, "General, keeping Lord Wu is poor policy for you both. Sun Ce wanted to keep Hua Ziyu too, but one province cannot hold two masters." Both Dan and Yin were allowed to return.

除員外散騎常侍，未拜，高祖請為太尉諮議參軍，轉長史。盡心歸奉，日夜不懈，高祖甚委仗之。北伐廣固，領齊郡太守。盧循自蔡洲南走，劉毅固求追討，高祖持疑未決，誕密白曰：「公既平廣固，復滅盧循，則功蓋終古，勳無與二，如此大威，豈可餘人分之。毅與公同起布衣，一時相推耳。今既已喪敗，不宜復使立功。」高祖從其說。七年，以誕為吳國內史。母憂去職。高祖征劉毅，起為輔國將軍，誕固辭軍號，墨絰從行。時諸葛長民行太尉留府事，心不自安，高祖甚慮之。毅既平，誕求先下，高祖曰：「長民似有自疑心，卿詎宜便去。」誕曰：「長民知我蒙公垂眄，今輕身單下，必當以為無虞，乃可以少安其意。」高祖笑曰：「卿勇過賁、育矣。」於是先還。九年，卒，時年三十九。以南北從征，追封作唐縣五等侯。子詡，宋世子舍人，早卒。

He was appointed extraordinary attendant cavalier-in-ordinary but had not yet taken up the post when the High Ancestor made him advising retainer to the Grand Commandant, then chief clerk. He served with tireless devotion day and night, and the High Ancestor came to rely on him heavily. On the northern campaign against Guanggu he concurrently administered Qi Commandery. When Lu Xun fled south from Caizhou, Liu Yi pressed hard for permission to pursue; the High Ancestor hesitated, and Dan privately urged him: "You have already taken Guanggu; if you also destroy Lu Xun, your achievement will surpass all antiquity and your merit will stand alone. Such authority cannot be shared. Yi rose with you from common cloth and was your peer for a time—that is all. Now that he has been defeated, he should not be allowed to win glory again." The High Ancestor took his advice. In the seventh year he made Dan interior minister of Wu. He resigned to observe mourning for his mother. When the High Ancestor marched against Liu Yi, Dan was recalled as general who assists the state but firmly declined the military title and followed in unbleached mourning dress. Zhuge Changmin was then acting as Grand Commandant in the capital and was ill at ease; the High Ancestor was deeply worried about him. After Yi was defeated, Dan asked to return to the capital ahead of the army; the High Ancestor said, "Changmin seems uneasy in his mind—surely you should not leave yet." Dan replied, "Changmin knows I enjoy your favor; if I return alone and unarmed, he will think there is nothing to fear and his mind will be eased." The High Ancestor laughed and said, "Your courage surpasses the heroes Ben and Yu." He was therefore allowed to return first. In the ninth year he died, aged thirty-nine. For his service on the northern and southern campaigns he was posthumously enfeoffed as fifth-rank marquis of Zuotang County. His son Xu served as attendant to the heir of Song and died young.

謝景仁

Xie Jingren

謝景仁，陳郡陽夏人，衛將軍晦從叔父也。名與高祖同諱，故稱字。祖據，太傅安第二弟。父允，宣城內史。景仁幼時與安相及，為安所知。始為前軍行參軍、輔國參軍事。會稽王世子元顯嬖人張法順，權傾一時，內外無不造門者，唯景仁不至。年三十，方為著作佐郎。桓玄誅元顯，見景仁，甚知之，謂四坐曰：「司馬庶人父子云何不敗，遂令謝景仁三十方作著作佐郎。」玄為太尉，以補行參軍，府轉大將軍，仍參軍事。玄建楚臺，以補黃門侍郎。及篡位，領驍騎將軍。景仁博聞強識，善敘前言往行，玄每與之言，不倦也。玄出行，殷仲文、卞範之之徒，皆騎馬散從，而使景仁陪輦。

Xie Jingren came from Yangxia in Chen Commandery and was a paternal cousin of General of the Guard Xie Hui. His personal name tabooed that of the High Ancestor, so the text uses his courtesy name. His grandfather Ju was the second younger brother of Grand Tutor Xie An. His father Yun had been interior minister of Xuancheng. As a boy Jingren was close in age to Xie An and won his notice. He first served as acting retainer of the Forward Army and staff officer of the Army Who Supports the State. Zhang Fashun, favorite of Kuaiji heir Yuan Xian, wielded power that dominated the court; everyone high and low came to his door—everyone but Jingren. He was thirty before he was finally made assistant gentleman of the Directorate of Writing. After Huan Xuan killed Yuan Xian, he met Jingren and was much impressed; addressing the assembly he said, "How did the Sima upstarts, father and son, fail to ruin the realm—only to leave Xie Jingren no better than assistant gentleman of the Directorate of Writing at thirty?" After Xuan became Grand Commandant he made Jingren acting retainer; when the office became a great general's headquarters Jingren remained on staff. When Xuan established the Chu Tower he made Jingren Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gate. After the usurpation Jingren served as General of Valiant Cavalry. Jingren was widely learned with a formidable memory and a gift for recounting earlier sayings and past deeds; Xuan could talk with him endlessly without tiring. When Xuan went abroad, Yin Zhongwen, Bian Fanzhi, and their circle rode as a loose mounted escort while Jingren alone rode beside the imperial carriage.

高祖為桓脩撫軍中兵參軍，嘗詣景仁諮事，景仁與語悅之，因留高祖共食。食未辦，而景仁為玄所召。玄性促急，俄頃之間，騎詔續至。高祖屢求去，景仁不許，曰：「主上見待，要應有方。我欲與客共食，豈當不得待。」竟安坐飽食，然後應召。高祖甚感之，常謂景仁是太傅安孫。及平京邑，入鎮石頭，景仁與百僚同見高祖，高祖目之曰：「此名公孫也。」謂景仁曰：「承制府須記室參軍，今當相屈。」以為大將軍武陵王遵記室參軍，仍為從事中郎，遷司徒左長史。出為高祖鎮軍司馬，領晉陵太守，復為車騎司馬。

When the High Ancestor was major of the center army under Huan Xiu's Pacifying Army, he once visited Jingren on business; Jingren enjoyed their talk and kept him to share a meal. Before the meal was ready Jingren was summoned by Xuan. Xuan was impatient by nature; within moments mounted messengers arrived one after another with summons. The High Ancestor asked repeatedly to go; Jingren refused and said, "When one's lord receives a guest, there ought to be a proper way to do it. I mean to dine with my guest—surely I can wait." He sat calmly, ate his fill, and only then answered the summons. The High Ancestor was deeply touched and often remarked that Jingren was the grandson of Grand Tutor Xie An. After the capital was secured and he entered Stone City, Jingren came with the officials to see the High Ancestor, who looked him over and said, "There is the grandson of a great house." He told Jingren, "The provisional headquarters needs a record-office retainer—I must ask you to take the post." Jingren was made record-office retainer to Great General Prince Zun of Wuling, continued as attendant gentleman, and was promoted to left chief clerk of the Minister of Education. He served as the High Ancestor's Pacifying Army major and concurrently as administrator of Jinling, then again as major of the Chariots and Cavalry.

義熙五年，高祖以內難既寧，思弘外略，將伐鮮卑；朝議皆謂不可。劉毅時鎮姑孰，固止高祖，以為：「苻堅侵境，謝太傅猶不自行。宰相遠出，傾動根本。」景仁獨曰：「公建桓、文之烈，應天人之心，匡復皇祚，芟夷奸逆，雖業高振古，而德刑未孚，宜推亡固存，廣樹威略。鮮卑密邇疆甸，屢犯邊垂，伐罪弔民，於是乎在。平定之後，養銳息徒，然後觀兵洛汭，修復園寢，豈有坐長寇虜，縱敵貽患者哉！」高祖納之。及北伐，大司馬琅邪王，天子母弟，屬當儲副，高祖深以根本為憂，轉景仁為大司馬左司馬，專總府任，右衛將軍，加給事中，又遷吏部尚書。時從兄混為左僕射，依制不得相臨，高祖啟依僕射王彪之、尚書王劭前例，不解職。坐選吏部令史邢安泰為都令史、平原太守，二官共除，安泰以令史職拜謁陵廟，為御史中丞鄭鮮之所糾，白衣領職。八年，遷領軍將軍。十一年，轉右僕射，仍轉左僕射。

In the fifth year of Yixi, with internal troubles settled, the High Ancestor planned an outward offensive and intended to campaign against the Xianbei; The court unanimously opposed the idea. Liu Yi, then stationed at Gucheng, firmly opposed the High Ancestor, arguing, "When Fu Jian invaded the realm, Grand Tutor Xie did not take the field himself. For the chief minister to march far afield would upset the foundations of power." Jingren alone spoke up: "You have raised achievements like those of Duke Huan and Duke Wen, answered Heaven and the people, restored the throne, and uprooted treachery; though your feats surpass antiquity, your moral sway is not yet secure—you should press the doomed and strengthen the loyal and extend your authority far and wide. The Xianbei press close upon our borders and raid again and again; here is where we punish the guilty and succor the people. Once they are subdued, we can rest our troops and then parade forces at the Luo ford and restore the imperial tombs—how can we sit by while the enemy grows strong and leave trouble to fester!" The High Ancestor accepted his counsel. When the northern campaign began, the Heir Apparent's younger brother, Prince of Langye, held the great minister of state post, and the High Ancestor, deeply worried for the capital, made Jingren left major of that office with full authority over headquarters affairs, Right Guard General, and attendant at court, then Minister of the Civil Service. His cousin Hun was then left vice director; regulations barred mutual oversight, but the High Ancestor petitioned to follow the precedents of Wang Biaozhi and Wang Shao and leave both in office. He was censured for appointing Ministry of Personnel clerk Xing Antai concurrently as chief clerk and administrator of Pingyuan; Antai, acting in his clerk's capacity, performed rites at the imperial tombs, and Censor-in-Chief Zheng Xianzhi impeached him—Jingren was stripped of court dress but kept his post. In the eighth year he became General of the Palace Guard. In the eleventh year he was made right vice director, then left vice director.

景仁性矜嚴整潔，居宇靜麗，每唾，轉唾左右人衣；事畢，即聽一日浣濯。每欲唾，左右爭來受。高祖雅相重，申以婚姻，廬陵王義真妃，景仁女也。十二年，卒，時年四十七。追贈金紫光祿大夫，加散騎常侍。葬日，高祖親臨，哭之甚慟。與驃騎將軍道憐書曰：「謝景仁殞逝，悲痛摧割，不能自勝。汝聞問惋愕，亦不可堪。其器體淹中，情寄實重，方欲與之共康時務，一旦至此，痛惜兼深。往矣柰何！當復柰何！」

Jingren was fastidious, austere, and immaculate; his rooms were quiet and elegant, and whenever he needed to spit he would turn and expect an attendant's sleeve to receive it; After which the attendant was given a day off to wash the garment. Whenever he was about to spit, attendants vied to catch it. The High Ancestor held him in high regard and bound their houses by marriage: Prince Yizhen of Luling's consort was Jingren's daughter. In the twelfth year he died, aged forty-seven. He was posthumously made Grand Master of the Gold Seal and Purple Ribbon with the added title Regular Attendant at the Palace Writing. On the day of the funeral the High Ancestor came in person and wept with deep grief. He wrote to Rapid Cavalry General Daolian: "Xie Jingren is dead; grief cuts me to the quick and I cannot bear it. When you hear of it you will be stricken and overwhelmed as well. He was balanced in talent and bearing and I relied on him deeply; I had meant to set the age right with him, and now this—my grief and regret are boundless. He is gone—what can I do! What is left for me now!"

子恂，鄱陽太守。恂子稚，善吹笙。官至西陽太守。

His son Xun was administrator of Poyang. Xun's son Zhi was an accomplished sheng player. He rose to administrator of Xiyang.

景仁弟純，字景懋，初為劉毅豫州別駕。毅鎮江陵，以為衛軍長史、南平相。王鎮惡率軍襲毅，已至城下，時毅疾病，佐吏皆入參承。純參承畢，已出，聞兵至，馳還入府。左右引車欲還外解，純叱之曰：「我人吏也，逃欲何之！」乃入。及毅兵敗眾散，時已暗夜，司馬毛脩之謂純曰：「君但隨僕。」純不從，扶兩人出，火光中為人所殺。純孫沈，太宗泰始初，為巴陵王休若衛軍錄事參軍、山陰令，坐事誅。

Jingren's younger brother Chun, styled Jingmao, first served as Liu Yi's administrative aide for Yu Province. When Liu Yi held Jiangling he made Chun chief clerk of the Guard Army and chancellor of Nanping. Wang Zhen'e led a surprise attack on Liu Yi and reached the city walls; Yi was ill and his staff were all inside attending him. Chun had finished his duties and left the hall; hearing that troops had arrived he raced back into headquarters. His attendants tried to turn the carriage toward the outer offices; Chun shouted, "I am Lord Liu's officer—where do you mean to run!" Then he went in. When Liu Yi's forces were routed and scattered, night had fallen; Major Mao Xiuzhi told Chun, "Come with me." Chun refused; supporting the two men he went out and was cut down in the firelight. Chun's grandson Shen, early in Taishi under Emperor Taizong, was recording retainer under Prince Xiuruo of Baling's Guard Army and magistrate of Shanyin; he was executed for an offense.

純弟述

Chun's younger brother Shu

述字景先，少有志行，隨兄純在江陵。純遇害，述奉純喪還都。行至西塞，值暴風，純喪舫流漂，不知所在，述乘小船尋求之。經純妻庾舫過，庾遣人謂述曰：「喪舫存沒，已應有在，風波如此，豈可小船所冒？小郎去必無及，寧可存亡俱盡邪？」述號泣答曰：「若安全至岸，當須營理。如其已致意外，述亦無心獨存。」因冒浪而進，見純喪幾沒，述號叫呼天，幸而獲免，咸以為精誠所致也。高祖聞而嘉之，及臨豫州，諷中正以述為主簿，甚被知器。景仁愛其第三弟甝而憎述，嘗設饌請高祖，希命甝豫坐，而高祖召述。述知非景仁夙意，又慮高祖命之，請急不從。高祖馳遣呼述，須至乃歡。及景仁有疾，述盡心營視，湯藥飲食，必嘗而後進，不解帶、不盥櫛者累旬，景仁深懷感愧。

Shu, styled Jingxian, showed purpose and integrity from youth and followed his brother Chun at Jiangling. After Chun was killed Shu escorted his coffin back to the capital. At Xisai a violent storm struck; the boat carrying Chun's coffin broke loose and vanished; Shu took a small boat to search for it. Passing the boat of Chun's widow Yu, she sent word to Shu: "Whether the coffin boat survives or is lost is already fated; in such a storm how can a small boat risk it? Young master, you cannot reach it in time—you would not throw your life away with his, would you?" Shu wept and replied, "If it reaches shore safely I must see to the burial. If it is already lost I have no wish to live on alone." He pushed through the waves, found the coffin nearly sunk, and cried to Heaven; by fortune both were saved, and all took it as the work of his devotion. The High Ancestor heard of this and praised him; when he took charge of Yu Province he urged the local standard-grader to appoint Shu chief clerk, and Shu won his trust and esteem. Jingren favored his third brother Ping and disliked Shu; once when he invited the High Ancestor to dine he hoped Ping would sit with them, but the High Ancestor sent for Shu instead. Shu knew this was not Jingren's wish and feared going against the High Ancestor's summons; he pleaded urgently but was not allowed to refuse. The High Ancestor sent riders to fetch Shu and would not be merry until he arrived. When Jingren fell ill Shu nursed him devotedly, tasting every medicine and meal before serving it; for weeks he did not undress or wash, and Jingren was deeply moved and ashamed.

轉太尉參軍，從征司馬休之，封吉陽縣五等侯。世子征虜參軍，轉主簿，宋臺尚書祠部郎，世子中軍主簿，轉太子中舍人，出補長沙內史，有惠政。元嘉二年，徵拜中書侍郎。明年，出為武陵太守，彭城王義康驃騎長史，領南郡太守。先是，述從兄曜為義康長史，喪官，述代之。太祖與義康書曰：「今以謝述代曜。其才應詳練，著於歷職，故以佐汝。汝始親庶務，而任重事殷，宜寄懷群賢，以盡弼諧之美，想自得之，不俟吾言也。」義康入相，述又為司徒左長史，轉左衛將軍。蒞官清約，私無宅舍。義康遇之甚厚。尚書僕射殷景仁、領軍將軍劉湛並與述為異常之交。美風姿，善舉止，湛每謂人曰：「我見謝道兒，未嘗足。」道兒，述小字也。

He became retainer to the Grand Commandant, joined the campaign against Sima Xiuzhi, and was enfeoffed as fifth-rank marquis of Jiyang County. He served as retainer in the heir's campaign-against-captives office, then chief clerk, gentleman's post in the Ministry of Rites on the Song Tower staff, chief clerk of the heir's center army, then attendant in the heir's palace; as administrator of Changsha he governed with kindness. In the second year of Yuanjia he was summoned to be Gentleman Attendant of the Secretariat. The following year he became administrator of Wuling, chief clerk of Rapid Cavalry to Prince Yikang of Pengcheng, and concurrently administrator of Nanjun. Shu's cousin Yao had previously been Yikang's chief clerk; when Yao left office Shu replaced him. Emperor Taizu wrote Yikang: "I am replacing Yao with Xie Shu. His abilities are proven and thorough, demonstrated in every post he has held—that is why I send him to assist you. You are new to daily governance and the burden is heavy; rely on men of talent to govern well—I expect you will understand this without my saying more." When Yikang became chief minister Shu again served as left chief clerk of the Minister of Education, then left guard general. In office he was austere and frugal and owned no private residence. Yikang treated him with great favor. Vice Director Yin Jingren and General of the Palace Guard Liu Zhan were both unusually close to him. Handsome in bearing and graceful in manner, Zhan often said, "I never tire of looking at Xie Daor'er." Daor'er was Shu's childhood name.

雍州刺史張邵以黷貨下廷尉，將致大辟，述上表陳邵先朝舊勳，宜蒙優貸，太祖手詔酬納焉。述語子綜曰：「主上矜邵夙誠，將加曲恕，吾所啟謬會，故特見酬納耳。若此疏跡宣佈，則為侵奪主恩，不可之大者也。」使綜對前焚之。太祖後謂邵曰：「卿之獲免，謝述有力焉」。

Zhang Shao, inspector of Yong Province, was sent to the court commandant for corruption and faced execution; Shu memorialized that Shao's service to the former dynasty merited clemency, and Emperor Taizu personally approved his petition. Shu told his son Zong, "The emperor meant to pardon Shao out of regard for his long service; my memorial merely happened to coincide, which is why he answered it so graciously. If word of this memorial spread it would look as if I had stolen the emperor's favor—a thing that must never be done." He had Zong burn it before him. Later Emperor Taizu told Shao, "You owe your pardon in large part to Xie Shu."

述有心虛疾，性理時或乖謬。除吳郡太守，以疾不之官。病差，補吳興太守。在郡清省，為吏民所懷。十二年，卒，時年四十六。喪還京師，未至數十里，殷景仁、劉湛同乘迎赴，望船流涕。十七年，劉湛誅，義康外鎮，將行，歎曰：「謝述唯勸吾退，劉湛唯勸吾進，今述亡而湛存，吾所以得罪也。」太祖亦曰：「謝述若存，義康必不至此。」

Shu suffered from a weak heart, and his temper and judgment sometimes failed him. He was appointed administrator of Wu Commandery but did not take up the post because of illness. When he recovered he was appointed administrator of Wuxing. In office he was frugal and upright and won the affection of officials and people alike. In the twelfth year he died, aged forty-six. As the funeral procession neared the capital, still several tens of li away, Yin Jingren and Liu Zhan rode out together to meet it and wept at the sight of the boat. In the seventeenth year, after Liu Zhan was executed, Yikang was posted to the provinces; as he was leaving he sighed, "Shu alone urged me to step back and Zhan alone urged me forward—now Shu is dead and Zhan alive; that is how I came to ruin." Emperor Taizu also said, "Had Shu lived, Yikang would never have come to this pass."

三子：綜、約、緯。綜有才藝，善隸書，為太子中舍人，與舅范曄謀反，伏誅。約亦坐死。緯尚太祖第五女長城公主，素為約所憎，免死，徙廣州。孝建中，還京師。方雅有父風。太宗泰始中，至正員郎中。

He had three sons: Zong, Yue, and Wei. Zong was talented in the arts and skilled in clerical script; he served as attendant in the heir's palace, conspired with his uncle Fan Ye to rebel, and was executed. Yue was also executed on account of the crime. Wei had married Emperor Taizu's fifth daughter, Princess Changcheng; long hated by Yue, he was spared execution and banished to Guangzhou. During the Xiaojian era he returned to the capital. Fang was refined and bore his father's manner. Under Emperor Taizong in the Taishi era he rose to regular attendant gentleman.

袁湛，字士深，陳郡陽夏人也。祖耽，晉歷陽太守。父質，琅邪內史，並知名。湛少為從外祖謝安所知，以其兄子玄之女妻之。初為衛軍行參軍，員外散騎，通直正員郎，中軍功曹，桓玄太尉參軍事。入為中書黃門侍郎，出補桓脩撫軍長史。

Yuan Zhan, styled Shishen, came from Yangxia in Chen Commandery. His grandfather Dan had been administrator of Liyang under Jin. His father Zhi was interior minister of Langye; both were well known. As a youth Zhan won Xie An's notice; An gave him the daughter of his nephew Xuan in marriage. He first served as acting retainer of the Guard Army, extraordinary attendant cavalier-in-ordinary, regular attendant of direct communication, merit officer of the center army, and staff officer to Huan Xuan as Grand Commandant. He entered the Secretariat as attendant gentleman of the yellow gate, then went out as chief clerk to Huan Xiu's Pacifying Army.

義旗建，高祖以為鎮軍諮議參軍。明年，轉尚書吏部郎，司徒左長史，侍中。以從征功，封晉寧縣五等男。出為高祖太尉長史，遷左民尚書，徙掌吏部。出為吳興太守，秩中二千石，蒞政和理，為吏民所稱。入補中書令，又出為吳國內史，秩中二千石。義熙十二年，轉尚書右僕射、本州大中正。時高祖北伐，湛兼太尉，與兼司空、散騎常侍、尚書范泰奉九命禮物，拜授高祖。高祖沖讓，湛等隨軍至洛陽，住柏谷塢。泰議受使未畢，不拜晉帝陵，湛獨至五陵致敬，時人美之。

When the righteous banner was raised, the High Ancestor made him advising staff officer of the Pacification Army. The next year he became director of the Ministry of the Civil Service, left chief clerk to the Minister of Education, and attendant at court. For his service on campaign he was enfeoffed as fifth-rank baron of Jinning County. He went out as chief clerk to the High Ancestor's Grand Commandant, was promoted director of the Left House, and was put in charge of the Ministry of the Civil Service. As administrator of Wuxing, rank middle two-thousand-dan, he governed harmoniously and won praise from officials and people alike. He was recalled as director of the Secretariat, then sent out again as interior minister of Wu with rank middle two-thousand-dan. In the twelfth year of Yixi he became vice director of the right in the Secretariat and rectifier of standards for his native province. While the High Ancestor was on his northern campaign, Zhan served concurrently as Grand Commandant and, with Fan Tai, acting Minister of Works, regular attendant cavalier-in-ordinary, and director of the Secretariat, presented the nine accoutrements of investiture to the High Ancestor. The High Ancestor modestly declined; Zhan and the others followed the army to Luoyang and stayed at Baigu Stockade. Fan Tai held that his mission was incomplete and refused to visit the Jin imperial tombs; Zhan alone went to the Five Imperial Tombs to pay respects, and contemporaries praised him.

子淳，淳子桓卒。

His son was Chun; Chun's son Huan died young.

湛弟豹，字士蔚，亦為謝安所知，好學博聞，多覽典籍。初為著作佐郎，衛軍桓謙記室參軍。大將軍武陵王遵承制，復為記室參軍。其年，丹陽尹孟昶以為建威司馬。歲餘，轉司徒左西屬，遷劉毅撫軍諮議參軍，領記室。毅時建議大田，豹上議曰：

Zhan's younger brother Bao, styled Shiwei, also won Xie An's notice; he loved learning, was widely read, and pored over the classics. He first served as assistant gentleman of the Directorate of Writing and recording staff officer to Huan Qian's Guard Army. When Grand General Prince Zun of Wuling assumed imperial authority, Bao again became recording staff officer. That year the governor of Danyang Meng Chang made him major of the army that establishes might. After more than a year he became left western attendant under the Minister of Education, then advising staff officer to Liu Yi's Pacifying Army, concurrently heading the secretariat. When Liu Yi proposed large-scale state farming, Bao submitted a memorial saying:

國因民以為本，民資食以為天，修其業則教興，崇其本則末理，實為治之要道，致化之所階也。不敦其本，則末業滋章；饑寒交湊，則廉恥不立。當今接篡偽之末，值凶荒之餘，爭源既開，雕薄彌啟，榮利蕩其正性，賦斂罄其所資，良疇無側趾之耦，比屋有困餧之患，中間多故，日不暇給。自卷甲卻馬，甫一二年，積弊之黎，難用克振，實仁懷之所矜恤，明教之所爰發也。

The state rests on the people; the people live by grain. Nurture their livelihood and teaching flourishes; strengthen the root and the branches fall into order. This is the essential path of governance and the ladder to transformation. Neglect the root and secondary pursuits multiply; when hunger and cold press in together, honor and shame collapse. We stand at the end of usurpation and false rule, in the wake of famine and disaster. Contention is already abroad and frivolity ever more rampant; profit and rank shake men's upright nature, and taxes drain what little they have. Good fields lack hands to work them; house after house knows hunger. Troubles have piled up for years, and there has been no respite. Since arms were laid aside only a year or two ago, a people long crushed by accumulated abuses cannot quickly be restored. This is precisely what humane rule should pity and enlightened policy should address.

然斯業不修，有自來矣。司牧之官，莫或為務，俗吏庸近，猶秉常科，依勸督之故典，迷民情之屢變。譬猶修堤以防川，忘淵丘之改易；膠柱於昔弦，忽宮商之乖調。徒有考課之條，而無毫分之益。不悟清流在於澄源，止輪由乎高閎，患生於本，治之於末故也。夫設位以崇賢，疏爵以命士，上量能以審官，不取人於浮譽，則比周道息，游者言歸；游子既歸，則南畝闢矣。分職以任務，置吏以周役，職不以無任立，吏必以非用省，冗散者廢，則萊荒墾矣。器以應用，商以通財，剿靡麗之巧，棄難得之貨，則雕偽者賤，穀稼重矣。耕耨勤悴，力殷收寡，工商逸豫，用淺利深，增賈販之稅，薄疇畝之賦，則末技抑而田畯喜矣。居位無義從之徒，在野靡兼併之黨，給賜非可恩致，力役不入私門，則游食者反本，肆勤自勸；游食省而肆勤眾，則東作繁矣。密勿者甄異，怠慢者顯罰，明勸課之令，峻糾違之官，則懶惰無所容，力田有所望；力者欣而惰者懼，則穡人勸矣。凡此數事，亦務田之端趣也。蒞之以清心，鎮之以無欲，勖之以無倦，翼之以廉謹，舍日計之小成，期遠致於莫歲，則澆薄自淳，心化有漸矣。

Yet this work has long gone neglected. Local officials attend to almost nothing else; shallow petty clerks still cling to the old statutes, enforcing ancient rules of exhortation and supervision while blind to how conditions among the people have changed again and again. It is like repairing dikes against a flood while forgetting that the riverbed itself has shifted; or fixing the peg to an old string and ignoring that the pitch has gone wrong. Examination rules abound, yet not the slightest benefit follows. They do not see that clear water comes from purifying the source and that a wheel is stopped at the sluice gate; the trouble begins at the root, yet they treat only the branches. Establish posts to honor the worthy, distribute ranks to appoint gentlemen, measure capacity when appointing officials, and refuse empty reputation—then factional collusion dies away and wanderers speak of going home; when the wanderers return, the southern fields are opened. Divide duties by task and appoint clerks to complete service. Let no office stand without real responsibility and cut clerks wherever they serve no use; abolish the redundant, and fallow land is reclaimed. Let tools serve use and trade circulate wealth; cut away ornate refinements and discard rare luxuries—then the gaudy and counterfeit grow cheap and grain is prized. Farmers toil in plowing and hoeing yet harvest little, while craftsmen and merchants live at ease with shallow outlay and deep profit. Raise taxes on trade and lighten field levies—then secondary crafts are checked and field overseers rejoice. Let officeholders have no hangers-on without cause, and in the countryside let there be no land-grabbing factions; grants must not come through favor, and corvée must not enter private gates—then idlers return to their roots and the diligent encourage themselves; when idlers are reduced and the diligent grow numerous, spring planting flourishes. Reward the diligent and visibly punish the slack, make clear the orders for exhortation and assessment, and tighten the officials who correct violations—then laziness has no refuge and those who work the fields have hope; when the strong rejoice and the lazy fear, farmers are encouraged. All these measures are the first steps toward making agriculture the priority. Approach it with a pure heart, steady it with lack of desire, encourage it with tirelessness, and support it with integrity and caution. Set aside small daily gains and look to achievement years hence—then frivolity of itself grows sincere and moral transformation advances by degrees.

豹善言雅俗，每商較古今，兼以誦詠，聽者忘疲。

Bao was a gifted talker on matters high and low; when he compared past and present and added recitation and song, listeners forgot their fatigue.

尋轉撫軍司馬，遷御史中丞。鄱陽縣侯孟懷玉上母檀氏拜國太夫人，有司奏許。豹以為婦人從夫之爵，懷玉父大司農綽見居列卿，妻不宜從子，奏免尚書右僕射劉柳、左丞徐羨之、郎何邵之官，詔並贖論。孟昶卒，豹代為丹陽尹。義熙七年，坐使徙上錢，降為太尉諮議參軍，仍轉長史。從討劉毅。高祖遣益州刺史朱齡石伐蜀，使豹為檄文，曰：

Soon he became major of the Pacifying Army and was promoted censor-in-chief. Meng Huaiyu, marquis of Poyang County, petitioned that his mother Lady Tan be granted the title Grand Lady of the State; the relevant offices memorialized approval. Bao held that a woman's rank follows her husband's; Huaiyu's father Chuo, Grand Minister of Agriculture, already stood among the chief ministers, so his wife ought not follow her son. He memorialized the dismissal of Vice Director Liu Liu, Left Assistant Director Xu Xianzhi, and Gentleman He Shao; an edict restored all by commutation. When Meng Chang died, Bao succeeded him as governor of Danyang. In the seventh year of Yixi he was demoted for misusing relocation funds, reduced to advising staff officer to the Grand Commandant, then chief clerk. He joined the campaign against Liu Yi. The High Ancestor sent Zhu Ling, inspector of Yi Province, to campaign against Shu and had Bao draft the proclamation, which read:

夫順德者昌，逆德者亡，失仁與義，難以求安，馮阻負釁，鮮克有成。詳觀自古，隆替有數，故成都不世祀，華陽無興國。日者王室多故，夷羿遘紛，波振塵駭，覃及遐裔。蕞爾譙縱，編戶黔首，同惡相求，是崇是長，肆反噬於州相，播毒害於民黎，俾我西服，隔閡皇澤。自義風電靡，天光反輝，昭晢舊物，煙煴區宇。以庶務草創，未遑九伐，自爾以來，奄延十載。而野心不革，伺隙乘間，招聚逋叛，共相封殖，侵擾我蠻獠，搖盪我疆垂。我是以有治洲之役，醜類盡殪，匹馬無遺，桓謙折首，譙福鳥逝，奔伏窠穴，引頸待戮。

Those who follow virtue flourish; those who oppose it perish. Without benevolence and righteousness peace is impossible; those who rely on barriers and bear guilt seldom succeed. Look closely through history: rise and fall follow a pattern. Chengdu has never known lasting rule, and Huayang has never produced a state that endured. Recently the royal house suffered many troubles; rebellion brought chaos, shock spread far and wide, and the tremor reached distant lands. The petty Qiao Zong, a mere registered commoner, gathered fellow evildoers, exalted and nurtured them, turned on provincial governors, spread poison among the people, and cut off our western provinces from imperial grace. Since the wind of righteousness swept like lightning and heaven's light returned, old institutions were restored and the realm glowed with renewal. Because myriad affairs were still being founded, there was no leisure for full-scale punishment; from then until now nearly ten years have passed. Yet his wild heart did not change; watching for openings and seizing intervals, he gathered deserters and rebels, entrenched themselves together, harassed our frontier tribes, and shook our borders. Hence the Zhizhou campaign: the wicked were destroyed to the last horse, Huan Qian was beheaded, Qiao Fu fled like a bird, and the rest crouched in their lairs with necks outstretched awaiting execution.

當今北狄露晞，南寇埃掃，朝風載韙，庶績其凝，康哉之歌日熙，比屋之隆可詠。孤職是經略，思一九有，眷彼禹跡，願言載懷，奉命西行，途戾荊、郢，瞻望巴、漢，憤慨交深。清江源於濫觴，澄氛祲於井絡，誅叛柔遠，今也其時。即命河間太守蒯恩、下邳太守劉鐘，精勇二萬，直指成都。龍驤將軍臧熹，戎卒二萬，進自墊江。益州刺史朱齡石，舟師三萬，電曜外水。分遣輔國將軍索懇，率漢中之眾，濟自劍道。振威將軍朱客子，提寧州之銳，渡瀘而入。神兵四臨，天綱宏掩，衡翼千里，金鼓萬張，組甲貝胄，景煥波屬，華夷百濮，雲會霧臻，以此攻戰，誰與為敵！況又奉義而行，以順而動者哉！

Today the northern barbarians are dissolving like dew, southern rebels are swept away like dust, the court's wind carries goodness, achievements are gathering, songs of peace grow daily brighter, and prosperity in every house is fit to praise. I am charged with the grand strategy, thinking to unify the realm; cherishing the land traced by Yu, my longing fills my breast. Ordered to march west, our route touches Jing and Ying; gazing toward Ba and Han, indignation and resolve deepen together. The clear river begins at a tiny spring; purify the baleful vapors at Jingluo—punish rebels and soothe the distant. Now is the time. I therefore order Kuai En, administrator of Hejian, and Liu Zhong, administrator of Xiapi, with twenty thousand picked warriors to strike straight at Chengdu. Dragon Courser General Zang Xi, with twenty thousand troops, advances from Dianjiang. Zhu Ling, inspector of Yi Province, with thirty thousand naval forces, flashes like lightning on the outer waterways. I separately dispatch Pacifying-the-State General Suo Ken, leading the forces of Hanzhong, to cross by the Sword Road. Quelling-Might General Zhu Kezi, taking the elite of Ning Province, crosses the Lu and enters. Divine armies press from four sides, heaven's net spreads wide, banners span a thousand li, ten thousand drums sound, linked armor and shell helmets gleam in waves upon waves, Chinese and barbarians and the hundred Pu gather like clouds and mist—with such an assault, who could stand as our enemy! All the more when we act in the name of righteousness and move in accord with the Way!

今三陝之隘，在我境內，非有岑彭荊門之險。彌入其阻，平衢四達，實無鄧艾綿竹之艱。山川之形，抑非曩日，攻守難易，居然百倍。當全蜀之強，士民之富，子陽不能自安於庸、僰，劉禪不敢竄命於南中，荊邯折謀，伯約挫銳。故知成敗有數，非可智延，此皆益土前事，當今元龜也。盛如盧循，強如容超，陵威南海，跨制北岱，樓船萬艘，掩江蓋汜，鐵馬千群，充原塞隰。然廣固之攻，陸無完雉；左裏之戰，水靡全舟。或顯戮京畿，或傳首萬里。故知逆順有勢，難以力抗，斯又目前殷鑒，深切著明者也。

Today the passes of the Three Gorges lie within our territory; there is none of the peril Cen Peng faced at Jingmen. Press deeper into the barriers and level highways run in all directions; there is truly none of the hardship Deng Ai met at Mianzhu. The lay of mountains and rivers is not what it was in former days; the ease or difficulty of attack and defense differs by a hundredfold. When all Shu was strong and its people and gentry rich, Gongyang could not secure himself in Yong and Bo, Liu Shan dared not flee for his life to the south, Jing Han's plans were broken, and Jiang Wei's edge was blunted. Thus one knows success and failure follow a fixed pattern and cannot be prolonged by cunning; these are all earlier events in Yi Province and are today's great mirror. As mighty as Lu Xun, as strong as Murong Chao, towering over the southern sea and spanning the northern peaks, ten thousand tower ships covered the river and overflowed the marshes, and a thousand iron cavalry filled the plains and choked the lowlands. Yet at the assault on Guanggu not a whole battlement remained on land; at the battle of Zuoli, not a whole boat survived on the water. Some were publicly executed in the capital region, others had their heads sent a myriad li. Thus one knows that rebellion and compliance follow their own momentum and cannot be resisted by force alone; this too is a recent mirror, clear and unmistakable.

梁益人士，咸明王化，雖驅迫一時，本非奧主。從之淫虐，日月增播，刑殺非罪，死以澤量。而待命寇仇之戮，㩻䧢豺狼之吻，豈不溯誠南凱，延首東雲，普天有來蘇之幸，而一方懷後予之怨。王者之師，以仁為本，舍逆取順，爰自三驅，齊斧所加，縱身而已。其有衿甲反接，自投軍門者，一無所問。士子百姓，列肆安堵，審擇吉凶，自求多祐。大信之明，皦若朝日，如其迷複奸邪，守愚不改，火燎孟諸，芝艾同爛，河決金堤，淵丘同體，雖欲悔之，亦將何及！

The gentry and people of Liang and Yi all understand royal transformation; though driven for a time, they were never truly loyal to a hidden lord. Zong's tyranny grows day by day; punishments and killings fall on the innocent, and the dead are measured by the marsh. Yet they await execution at the enemy's hand and crouch before the wolf's maw—how could they not turn in sincerity toward the southern triumph and stretch their necks toward the eastern clouds? All under heaven would know the joy of renewal, while this one region alone harbors resentment at being left last. The army of a true king takes benevolence as its foundation: reject the rebellious and take the compliant, beginning with the three-sided hunt; where the executioner's axe falls, only the person himself is struck. Those who come with hands bound, surrendering at the camp gate, will be questioned about nothing. Gentry and common people, keep your shops in peace and security; weigh fortune and misfortune and seek your own blessing. Great faith shines bright as the morning sun. But if you persist in delusion, wickedness, and stubborn folly, then when fire sweeps Mengzhu, mugwort and artemisia burn together; when the river breaks the golden dike, deep pools and mounds share one fate—though you wish to repent, how could it not be too late!

九年，卒官。時年四十一。次年，以參伐蜀之謀，追封南昌縣五等子。

In the ninth year he died in office. He was forty-one. The next year, for his counsel in the plan to campaign against Shu, he was posthumously enfeoffed as fifth-rank viscount of Nanchang County.

豹子洵

Bao's son Xun

子洵，元嘉中，歷顯官，廬陵王紹為南中郎將、江州刺史，年少未親政，洵為長史、尋陽太守，行府州事。元嘉末，為吳郡太守。元兇弑立，加洵建威將軍，置佐史。會安東將軍隨王誕起義，檄洵為前鋒，加輔國將軍。事平，頃之卒，追贈征虜將軍，諡曰貞子。長子顗，別有傳。少子覬，好學善屬文，有清譽於世。官至司徒從事中郎、武陵內史，蚤卒。洵弟濯，揚州秀才，蚤卒。濯弟淑，濯子粲，並有別傳。

His son Xun, during Yuanjia, held successive high offices. When Prince Shao of Luling served as General of the Southern Gentlemen and inspector of Jiang Province, being young and not yet administering affairs himself, Xun served as chief clerk and administrator of Xunyang, handling headquarters and provincial affairs. At the end of Yuanjia he became administrator of Wu Commandery. When the Traitor Prince seized the throne by regicide, Xun was promoted Establishing-Might General and given a full staff of assistants and clerks. When General Who Pacifies the East Prince Dan of Sui raised a righteous army, he summoned Xun by proclamation to serve as vanguard and made him general who assists the state. When the affair was settled, he soon died; he was posthumously made general who campaigns against barbarians, with the posthumous title Lord Zhen. His eldest son Yi has a separate biography. His younger son Ji loved learning and wrote well; he enjoyed a spotless reputation in his day. He rose to attendant gentleman on the Minister of Education's staff and interior minister of Wuling, and died young. Xun's younger brother Zhuo was a Yang Province outstanding youth and died young. Zhuo's younger brother Shu and Zhuo's son Can both have separate biographies.

褚叔度

Chu Shudu

秀之弟淡之，字仲源，亦歷顯官，為高祖車騎從事中郎，尚書吏部郎，廷尉卿，左衛將軍。高祖受命，為侍中。淡之兄弟並盡忠事高祖，恭帝每生男，輒令方便殺焉，或誘賂內人，或密加毒害，前後非一。及恭帝遜位，居秣陵宮，常懼見禍，與褚后共止一室，慮有鴆毒，自煮食於床前。高祖將殺之，不欲遣人入內，令淡之兄弟視褚后，褚后出別室相見，兵人乃踰垣而入，進藥於恭帝。帝不肯飲，曰：「佛教自殺者，不得復人身。」乃以被掩殺之。後會稽郡缺，朝議欲用蔡廓，高祖曰：「彼自是蔡家佳兒，何關人事，可用佛。」佛，淡之小字也。乃以淡之為會稽太守。

Xiuzhi's younger brother Danzhi, styled Zhongyuan, also held successive high offices: attendant-in-ordinary on the High Ancestor's chariots and cavalry staff, director of the Ministry of the Civil Service, commandant of punishments, and left guard general. When the High Ancestor received the Mandate, Danzhi became attendant at court. Danzhi and his brothers all loyally served the High Ancestor; whenever Emperor Gong fathered a son, they were ordered to find a way to kill him—by seducing or bribing palace women, or by secret poison—and this happened again and again. After Emperor Gong abdicated and lived in Moling Palace, he lived in constant fear; he and Empress Chu shared one room, dreading poisoned wine, and cooked his own food beside his bed. When the High Ancestor meant to kill him but did not wish to send men inside, he had Danzhi and his brothers visit Empress Chu; when the empress stepped into another room to receive them, soldiers climbed the wall, entered, and presented poison to Emperor Gong. The emperor refused to drink and said, "In Buddhism, one who takes his own life cannot be reborn in human form." They then smothered him with a quilt. Later, when the post of Kuaiji Commandery fell vacant, court deliberation favored Cai Kuo; the High Ancestor said, "He is simply a fine son of the Cai family—what has that to do with public affairs? Fo will do." Fo was Danzhi's childhood name. Danzhi was then made administrator of Kuaiji.

景平二年，富陽縣孫氏聚合門宗，謀為逆亂，其支黨在永興縣，潛相影響。永興令羊恂覺其姦謀，以告淡之；淡之不信，乃以誣人之罪，收縣職局。於是孫法亮號冠軍大將軍，與孫道慶等攻沒縣邑，即用富陽令顧粲為令，加輔國將軍。遣偽建威將軍孫道仲、孫公喜、法殺攻永興。永興民灟恭期初與賊同，後反善就羊恂，率吏民拒戰，力少退敗。賊用縣人許祖為令，恂逃伏江唐山中，尋復為賊所得，使還行縣事。賊遂磐據，更相樹立，遙以鄮令司馬文寅為征西大將軍，孫道仲為征西長史，孫道覆為左司馬，與公喜、法殺等建旗鳴鼓，直攻山陰。

In the second year of Jingping, the Sun clan of Fuyang County gathered their kinsmen and plotted rebellion; their partisans in Yongxing County secretly acted in concert. The magistrate of Yongxing, Yang Xun, detected the plot and reported it to Danzhi; Danzhi did not believe him and, charging false accusation, arrested the county clerks. Thereupon Sun Faliang styled himself grand general of the champion army; with Sun Daoqing and others he overran the county seat, installed the former magistrate of Fuyang, Gu Can, as magistrate, and made him general who assists the state. He sent the false Establishing-Might General Sun Daozhong, Sun Gongxi, and Fa Sha against Yongxing. The Yongxing commoner Zhu Gongqi had first sided with the rebels, then turned loyal and joined Yang Xun, leading officials and people to resist; outnumbered, they were driven back. The rebels installed the local man Xu Zu as magistrate; Xun fled and hid in the Jiang-Tang mountains, but was soon captured again and forced to resume county administration. The rebels then dug in, installing one another in office; from afar they made the magistrate of Mao, Sima Wenyin, grand general who campaigns west; Sun Daozhong, chief clerk who campaigns west; Sun Daofu, left major; and with Gongxi, Fa Sha, and others raised banners and drums and marched straight on Shanyin.

淡之自假凌江將軍，以山陰令陸邵領司馬，加振武將軍，前員外散騎常侍王茂之為長史，前國子博士孔欣、前員外散騎常侍謝芩之並參軍事，召行參軍七十餘人。前鎮西諮議參軍孔甯子、左光祿大夫孔季恭子山士在艱中，皆起為將軍。遣隊主陳願、郡議曹掾虞道納二軍過浦陽江。願等戰敗，賊遂摧鋒而前，去城二十餘里。淡之遣陸邵督帶戟公石綝、廣武將軍陸允以水軍拒之，又別遣行參軍灟恭期率步軍與邵合力。淡之率所領出次近郊。恭期等與賊戰於柯亭，大破之，賊走還永興。遣偽寧朔將軍孫倫領五百人攻錢唐，與縣戍軍建武將軍戰於琦，倫敗走還富陽。倫因反善，殺法步帥等十餘人，送首京都。詔遣殿中員外將軍徐卓領千人，右將軍彭城王義康遣龍驤將軍丘顯率眾五百東討，司空徐羨之版揚州主簿沈嗣之為富陽令領五百人，於吳興道東出，竝未至而賊平。吳郡太守江夷輕行之職，停吳一宿，進至富陽，分別善惡，執送願徙賊餘黨數百家於彭城、壽陽、青州諸處。二年，淡之卒，時年四十五。諡曰質子。

Danzhi took the acting title crossing-the-river general; he had the magistrate of Shanyin, Lu Shao, serve as major with the additional rank of general who establishes martiality; former extraordinary attendant cavalier-in-ordinary Wang Maozhi as chief clerk; former doctor of the imperial academy Kong Xin and former extraordinary attendant cavalier-in-ordinary Xie Qin-zhi as military advisers; and summoned more than seventy acting retainers. Former advising staff officer of the Pacify-the-West Army Kong Ningzi and Kong Jigong's son Shan-shi, a Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness still in mourning, were both recalled and made generals. He sent squad leader Chen Yuan and commandery deliberation bureau clerk Yu Daona with two armies across the Puyang River. Yuan and the others were defeated, and the rebels drove forward to within twenty-odd li of the city. Danzhi sent Lu Shao to command Gong Shi-chun of the halberd-bearers and General of Broad Martial Lu Yun with the water army to resist them, and separately sent the acting retainer Zhu Gongqi with infantry to join Shao. Danzhi led his forces out and encamped in the near suburbs. Gongqi and the others fought the rebels at Keting and routed them; the rebels fled back to Yongxing. The false general who pacifies the dawn, Sun Lun, led five hundred men against Qiantang; he fought the county garrison's general who establishes martial prowess at Qi, was defeated, and fled back to Fuyang. Lun then turned loyal, killed Fa, Bu-shuai, and more than ten others, and sent their heads to the capital. An edict sent Palace Attendant Outside General Xu Zhuo with a thousand men; Right General Prince Yikang of Pengcheng sent Dragon Soaring General Qiu Xian with five hundred men east to suppress the rebels; Minister of Works Xu Xianzhi commissioned Yang Province chief clerk Shen Sizhi as administrator of Fuyang with five hundred men, marching east from the Wuxing route—all had not yet arrived when the rebels were pacified. Wu Commandery administrator Jiang Yi, while on lighter official business, stopped one night at Wu, advanced to Fuyang, sorted the guilty from the innocent, arrested and sent Chen Yuan, and relocated several hundred rebel remnant families to Pengcheng, Shouyang, Qing Province, and elsewhere. In the second year Danzhi died, aged forty-five. His posthumous title was Lord Zhi.

叔度名與高祖同，故以字行。初為太宰琅邪王參軍，高祖車騎參軍事，司徒左西屬，中軍諮議參軍，署中兵，加建威將軍。從伐鮮卑，盡其誠力。盧循攻查浦，叔度力戰有功。循南走，高祖版行廣州刺史，仍除都督交、廣二州諸軍事、建威將軍、領平越中郎將、廣州刺史。桓玄族人開山聚眾，謀掩廣州，事覺，叔度悉平之。義熙八年，盧循餘黨劉敬道窘迫，詣交州歸降。交州刺史杜慧度以事言統府，叔度以敬道等路窮請命，事非款誠，報使誅之。慧度不加防錄，敬道招集亡命，攻破九真，殺太守杜章民，慧度討平之。叔度輒貶慧度號為奮揚將軍，惡不先上，為有司所糾，詔原之。

Shudu's personal name was tabooed because it matched the High Ancestor's, so he was known by his courtesy name. At first he was retainer to the Grand Tutor, Prince of Langye; staff officer on the High Ancestor's chariots and cavalry headquarters; left western aide to the Minister of Education; advising staff officer of the center army; acting head of the center-army section; and made Establishing-Might General. He joined the campaign against the Xianbei and gave his utmost loyal effort. When Lu Xun attacked Chabu, Shudu fought hard and distinguished himself. When Xun fled south, the High Ancestor commissioned Shudu acting administrator of Guang Province and then formally appointed him overseer of military affairs for Jiao and Guang provinces, Establishing-Might General, concurrent commander of the pacify-the-Yue gentlemen-of-the-center, and administrator of Guang Province. Kaishan, a clansman of Huan Xuan, gathered a host and plotted to seize Guangzhou by surprise; when the plot was discovered, Shudu suppressed them entirely. In the eighth year of Yixi, Liu Jingdao, a remnant partisan of Lu Xun, was hard pressed and came to Jiao Province to surrender. Jiao Province inspector Du Huidu reported the matter to headquarters; Shudu judged that Jingdao and the others, their road exhausted, were begging for their lives rather than submitting in good faith, and replied ordering their execution. Huidu did not place them under guard; Jingdao gathered fugitives, broke into Jiuzhen, killed administrator Du Zhangmin, and Huidu suppressed the rising. Shudu on his own demoted Huidu to general who exerts yang; the offense was acting without prior report—he was impeached by the relevant offices, but an edict pardoned him.

高祖征劉毅，叔度遣三千人過嶠，荊州平乃還。在任四年，廣營賄貨，家財豐積，坐免官，禁錮終身。還至都，凡諸舊及有一面之款，無不厚加贈遺。尋除太尉諮議參軍、相國右司馬。高祖受命，為右衛將軍。高祖以其名家，而能竭盡心力，甚嘉之。乃下詔曰：「夫賞不遺勤，則勞臣增勸；爵必疇庸，故在功咸達。叔度南北征討，常管戎要，西夏不虔，誠著嶺表，可封番禺縣男，食邑四百戶。」尋加散騎常侍。永初三年，出為使持節、監雍、梁、南、北秦四州，荊州之南陽、竟陵、順陽、義陽、新野、隨六郡諸軍事，征虜將軍，雍州刺史，領寧蠻校尉，襄陽、義成太守。在任每以清簡致稱。景平二年，卒，時年四十四。

When the High Ancestor marched against Liu Yi, Shudu sent three thousand men across the passes; when Jing Province was pacified they returned. During four years in office he widely pursued bribes and goods until his household wealth was great; for this he was dismissed and imprisoned for life. When he returned to the capital, every old acquaintance and anyone with even one meeting's familiarity received generous gifts. Soon he was made advising staff officer to the Grand Commandant and right major of the chancellor of state. When the High Ancestor received the Mandate, Shudu became right guard general. The High Ancestor greatly commended him, for though he came from a famous house he had exhausted heart and strength in service. He then issued an edict: "When rewards do not overlook diligence, toiling ministers are further encouraged; enfeoffments must match merit, so those with achievement all attain reward. Shudu campaigned north and south and constantly managed military essentials; the western barbarians were insincere, and his loyalty was manifest beyond the ranges—let him be enfeoffed as baron of Panyu County with a fief of four hundred households." Soon he was additionally made regular attendant cavalier-in-ordinary. In the third year of Yongchu he went out as bearer of the staff of authority, supervisor of Yong, Liang, southern Qin, and northern Qin and military affairs for Nanyang, Jingling, Shunyang, Yiyang, Xinye, and Sui in Jing Province; general who campaigns against barbarians; inspector of Yong Province; concurrent commandant who pacifies the barbarians; and administrator of Xiangyang and Yicheng. In office he was repeatedly praised for purity and simplicity. In the second year of Jingping he died, aged forty-four.

子恬之嗣，官至南琅邪太守。恬之卒，子昭嗣。昭卒，子瑄嗣。齊受禪，國除。叔度第二子寂之，著作佐郎，早卒。子授，尚太祖第六女琅邪貞長公主，太宰參軍，亦早卒。

His son Tianzhi succeeded and rose to administrator of Southern Langye. When Tianzhi died, his son Zhao succeeded. When Zhao died, his son Xuan succeeded. When Qi received the abdication, the fief was abolished. Shudu's second son Jizhi was associate gentleman of the composition office and died young. His son Shou married the Grand Founder's sixth daughter, Princess Zhen the Long of Langye, served as retainer to the Grand Tutor, and also died young.

子淵庶生，宣公主以淵有才，表為嫡嗣。淵，昇明末為司空。

His son Yuan was born of a concubine; Princess Xuan, finding Yuan talented, petitioned to make him legitimate heir. Yuan served as Minister of Works at the end of the Shengming era.

史臣曰：高祖雖累葉江南，楚言未變，雅道風流，無聞焉爾。凡此諸子，並前代名家，莫不望塵請職，負羈先路，將由庇民之道邪。

The historian says: Although the High Ancestor's house had dwelt in Jiangnan for generations and Chu speech was unchanged, no word reached there of the refined Way and its elegant flow. All these men were scions of famous houses of former ages; none failed to seek office trailing in his dust, bearing saddles on the road ahead—was it because of the Way of sheltering the people?

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