1
列傳第十九殷淳子孚弟沖淡張暢何偃江智淵
Biography 19: Yin Chun, Yin Fu, Yin Chong, Yin Dan, Zhang Chang, He Yan, and Jiang Zhiyuan
2
淳少好學，有美名。 少帝景平初，為秘書郎，衡陽王文學，秘書丞，中書黃門侍郎。 淳居黃門為清切，下直應留下省，以父老特聽還家。 高簡寡欲，早有清尚，愛好文義，未嘗違舍。 在秘書閣撰《四部書目》凡四十卷，行於世。 元嘉十一年卒，時年三十二，朝廷痛惜之。
Yin Chun was studious from childhood and enjoyed an excellent reputation. Early in the Jingping era under Emperor Shao, he held the posts of Secretariat Gentleman, literary attendant to the Prince of Hengyang, Secretariat aide, and Secretariat Palace Attendant. Yin Chun's palace posting was demanding; after his shift he was normally required to stay at the Secretariat compound, but because his father was elderly he received special permission to go home. Aloof and abstemious, he had cultivated refined tastes from early on and pursued literary and scholarly interests without ever setting them aside. While at the Secretariat archives he compiled the forty-juan Catalogue of Works in Four Categories, which was published and widely circulated. He died in the eleventh year of Yuanjia (434), at the age of thirty-two; the court grieved deeply for his loss.
3
子孚，有父風。 世祖大明末，為始興相。 官至尚書吏部郎，順帝撫軍長史。
His son Yin Fu inherited his father's character. In the late Daming era under Emperor Xiaowu, he served as prefect of Shixing. He rose to Director of the Ministry of Personnel and served as chief secretary on the crown prince's staff under Emperor Shun.
4
淳弟沖，字希遠，歷中書黃門郎，坐議事不當免。 復為太子中庶子，尚書吏部郎，御史中丞，有司直之稱。 出為吳興太守，入為度支尚書。 元兇妃即淳女，而沖在東宮為劭所知遇； 劭弑立，以為侍中、護軍，遷司隸校尉。 沖有學義文辭，劭使為尚書符，罪狀世祖，亦為劭盡力。 世祖克京邑，賜死。
Yin Chun's younger brother Yin Chong, styled Xiyuan, served as a Central Secretariat palace attendant but was dismissed when his advice at council proved unsound. He was restored as a household companion to the crown prince, then Director of Personnel and Imperial Censor, earning a reputation as an upright and uncompromising official. He was posted out as governor of Wuxing and recalled to serve as Minister of Revenue. The crown prince Liu Shao's consort was Yin Chun's daughter, and Yin Chong won favor with Shao while serving in the Eastern Palace; after Shao seized the throne by murdering his father, he appointed Chong Palace Attendant and Protector-General of the Army, then promoted him to metropolitan commandant. Yin Chong was learned and a skilled writer; Shao had him draft the formal indictment of Emperor Xiaowu for the Secretariat records, and Chong served Shao's cause with all his ability. When Emperor Xiaowu recaptured the capital, Chong was ordered to take his own life.
5
沖弟淡，字夷遠，亦歷黃門吏部郎，太子中庶子，領步兵校尉。 大明世，以文章見知，為當時才士。
Yin Chong's younger brother Yin Dan, styled Yiyuan, likewise held posts as palace attendant and director in the Ministry of Personnel, crown prince's household companion, and commanding colonel of the footsoldiers. During the Daming reign he gained recognition for his literary work and was counted among the leading writers of the age.
6
張暢，字少微，吳郡吳人，吳興太守邵兄子也。 父禕，少有孝行，歷宦州府，為琅邪王國郎中令。 從琅邪王至洛。 還京都，高祖封藥酒一罌付禕，使密加鴆毒。 禕受命，既還，於道自飲而卒。
Zhang Chang, styled Shaowei, was a native of Wu in Wu Commandery and the nephew of Shao, governor of Wuxing, on his father's side. His father Zhang Yi was known for filial devotion from youth and served in regional government until he was appointed chief of gentlemen in the principality of Langye. He accompanied the Prince of Langye to Luoyang. On the return journey to the capital, Emperor Gaozu gave Yi a sealed jar of medicinal wine with orders to lace it secretly with lethal poison. Yi accepted the charge, and on the way home he drank the wine himself and died.
7
暢少與從兄敷、演、敬齊名，為後進之秀。 起家為太守徐佩之主簿，佩之被誅，暢馳出奔赴，制服盡哀，為論者所美。 弟牧嘗為猘犬所傷，醫云宜食蝦蟆膾，牧甚難之，暢含笑先嘗，牧因此乃食，創亦即愈。 州辟從事，衡陽王義季征虜行參軍，彭城王義康平北主簿，司徒祭酒，尚書主客郎。 未拜，又除度支左民郎，江夏王義恭征北記室參軍、晉安太守。 又為義季安西記室參軍、南義陽太守，臨川王義慶衛軍從事中郎，揚州治中別駕從事史，太子中庶子。
Zhang Chang in his youth was ranked with his cousins Zhang Fu, Zhang Yan, and Zhang Jing among the most promising younger scholars. He began his career as chief clerk to Governor Xu Peizhi; when Xu was executed, Chang raced to the scene, put on mourning dress, and grieved wholeheartedly — conduct that critics praised. When his brother Zhang Mu was bitten by a rabid dog, the physician prescribed minced toad; Mu recoiled at the idea, but Chang smilingly tasted it first, whereupon Mu ate as well and the wound soon healed. The provincial authorities appointed him as an aide; he served as campaign staff officer to Prince Yiji of Hengyang and chief clerk on Prince Yikang of Pengcheng's northern staff, then as libationer to the Ministry of Education and master of foreign receptions at the Secretariat. Before he could take up one of these posts, he was appointed revenue officer in the left bureau, staff secretary on Prince Yigong of Jiangxia's northern command, and governor of Jin'an. He later served as staff secretary on Prince Yiji's western command and as governor of southern Yiyang, then as attendant on Prince Yiqing of Linchuan's military staff, Yangzhou secretariat director, and crown prince's household companion.
8
世祖鎮彭城，暢為安北長史、沛郡太守。 元嘉二十七年，索虜托跋燾南侵，太尉江夏王義恭揔統諸軍，出鎮彭、泗。 時燾親率大眾，已至蕭城，去彭城十數里。 彭城眾力雖多，而軍食不足，義恭欲棄彭城南歸，計議彌日不定。 時歷城眾少食多，安北中兵參軍沈慶之建議，欲以車營為函箱陣，精兵為外翼。 奉二王及妃媛直趨歷城； 分兵配護軍蕭思話留守。 太尉長史何勖不同，欲席捲奔鬱洲，自海道還京都。 義恭去意已判，唯二議未決，更集群僚謀之。 眾咸惶擾，莫有異議。 暢曰：「若歷城、鬱洲有可致之理，下官敢不高贊。 今城內乏食，百姓咸有走情，但以關扃嚴固，欲去莫從耳。 若一旦動腳，則各自散走，欲至所在，何由可得。 今軍食雖寡，朝夕猶未窘罄，量其欲盡，臨時更為諸宜，豈有舍萬安之術，而就危亡之道。 若此計必用，下官請以頸血汙公馬蹄！」 世祖既聞暢議，謂義恭曰：「阿父既為揔統，去留非所敢干。 道民忝為城主，而損威延寇，其為愧恧，亦已深矣。 委鎮奔逃，實無顏復奉朝廷，期與此城共其存沒，張長史言不可異也。」 暢言既堅，世祖又贊成其議，義恭乃止。
When the future Emperor Xiaowu was stationed at Pengcheng, Zhang Chang served as his chief secretary and as governor of Pei. In the twenty-seventh year of Yuanjia (450), the Northern Wei ruler Tuoba Tao invaded the south; Grand Marshal Prince Yigong of Jiangxia took overall command of the armies and moved to defend Peng and Si. Tao himself was leading a massive army and had already reached Xiaocheng, only some ten-odd li from Pengcheng. Pengcheng had ample troops but meager supplies; Yigong wanted to abandon the city and retreat south, yet the council debated for days without reaching a decision. Licheng had a small garrison but abundant grain; Shen Qingzhi, army staff officer on the northern command, proposed forming wagons into a boxed formation with picked troops as an outer shield, escorting the two princes and their consorts directly to Licheng, while detaching troops for Protector-General Xiao Sihua to hold Pengcheng. Grand Marshal's chief secretary He Xu disagreed, preferring a swift withdrawal to Yuzhou and a sea voyage back to the capital. Yigong's mind was set on withdrawal, but with two routes still in dispute, he summoned the staff once more for counsel. Everyone was gripped by panic, and no one voiced opposition to flight. Zhang Chang said, "If Licheng or Yuzhou were genuinely within reach, I would not hesitate to endorse the plan wholeheartedly. The city is short of food, and the people are desperate to flee — but the gates are locked tight, so they cannot scatter even if they wish to. Once the army stirs, everyone will break and run in every direction — who could then expect to arrive anywhere together? Our rations are thin, but we are not yet at the brink from day to day; when supplies do run low, we can adjust then. Why abandon a sound position for a gamble on disaster? If you insist on this course, I ask leave to stain your horse's hoofs with my blood!" Hearing Zhang Chang's argument, the future Emperor Xiaowu told Yigong, "Father, you command the army — whether we stay or go is not for me to decide. As lord of this city I have already shamed us by letting the enemy advance — my guilt runs deep enough. To abandon Pengcheng would leave me no honor to face the court again. I mean to live or die with this fortress, and I cannot dissent from Chief Secretary Zhang." Zhang Chang held firm, the prince backed him, and Yigong abandoned the retreat.
9
時太祖遣員外散騎侍郎徐爰乘驛至彭城取米穀定最，爰既去，城內遣騎送之。 燾聞知，即遣數百騎急追，爰已過淮，僅得免。 初爰去，城內聞虜遣追，慮爰見禽，失米最，慮知城內食少，義恭憂懼無計，猶欲奔走。 爰既免，其日虜大眾亦至彭城。
Emperor Wen had dispatched Xu Ai on the courier route to audit Pengcheng's grain stores; after he left, the garrison sent escorts after him. Tao learned of this and immediately sent several hundred horsemen in hot pursuit; Xu had already crossed the Huai and barely escaped. When Xu left, word spread that the Wei were pursuing him; fearing his capture would reveal both the audit and the city's hunger, Yigong again panicked and nearly fled. Xu escaped that day — and the main Northern Wei army reached Pengcheng the same day.
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燾始至，仍登城南亞父塚，於戲馬台立氈屋。 先是，燾未至，世祖遣將馬文恭向蕭城，為虜所破，文恭走得免，隊主蒯應見執。 至小市門曰：「魏主致意安北，遠來疲乏，若有甘蔗及酒，可見分。」 時防城隊主梁法念答曰：「當為啟聞。」 應乃自陳蕭城之敗。 又問應：「虜主自來不？」 曰：「來。」 問：「今何在？」 應舉手指西南。 又曰：「士馬多少？」 答云：「四十餘萬。」 法念以燾語白世祖，世祖遣人答曰：「知行路多乏，今付酒二器，甘蔗百挺。 聞彼有駱駝，可遣送。」
Tao arrived and at once climbed Yafu's mound south of the city, where he pitched a felt pavilion on the Horse-Playing Terrace. Earlier, before Tao arrived, the prince had sent Ma Wengong toward Xiaocheng; the Wei routed him — Ma fled, but squad leader Kuai Ying was captured. At the Small Market Gate he said, "The Wei ruler sends his regards to the Pacifier of the North: we are weary from the long march — if you have sugarcane and wine, might we have a share? The garrison squad leader Liang Fanian replied, "I shall report this to my superiors. Kuai then volunteered an account of the defeat at Xiaocheng. They asked Kuai further, "Has the Wei ruler come in person? He answered, "He has. They asked, "Where is he now? Kuai raised his hand and pointed southwest. They asked again, "How many men and horses? He replied, "More than four hundred thousand. Fanian reported Tao's message to the prince, who sent a reply: "Knowing how taxing the march has been, we send two jars of wine and a hundred stalks of sugarcane. We hear you have camels — kindly send some over."
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明旦，燾又自上戲馬台，復遣使至小市門曰：「魏主致意安北，安北可暫出門，欲與安北相見。 我亦不攻此城，安北何勞苦將士在城上。 又騾、驢、駱駝，是北國所出，今遣送，並致雜物。」 又語小市門隊主曰：「既有餉物，君可移度南門受之。」 燾送駱駝、騾、馬及貂裘、雜飲食，既至南門，門先閉，請龠未出。 暢於城上視之，虜使問：「是張長史邪？」 暢曰：「君何得見識？」 虜使答云：「君聲名遠聞，足使我知。」 暢因問虜使姓，答云：「我是鮮卑，無姓。 且道亦不可。」 暢又問：「君居何任？」 答云：「鮮卑官位不同，不可輒道，然亦足與君相敵耳。」 虜使復問：「何為匆匆杜門絕橋？」 暢答曰：「二王以魏主營壘未立，將士疲勞，此精甲十萬，人思致命，恐輕相淩踐，故且閉城耳。 待彼休息士馬，然後共治戰場，克日交戲。」 虜使曰：「君當以法令裁物，何用發橋，復何足以十萬誇人。 我亦有良馬逸足，若雲騎四集，亦可以相拒。」 暢曰：「侯王設嶮，何但法令而已邪？ 我若誇君，當言百萬。 所以言十萬者，政二王左右素所畜養者耳。 此城內有數州士庶，二徒營伍，猶所未論。 我本鬥智，不鬥馬足。 且冀之北土，馬之所生，君復何以逸足見誇邪！」 虜使曰：「不爾。 城守，君之所長； 野戰，我之所長。 我之恃馬，猶如君之恃城耳。」 城內有具思者，嘗在北國，義恭遣視之，思識是虜尚書李孝伯。 思因問：「李尚書，若行途有勞。」 孝伯曰：「此事應相與共知。」 思答：「緣共知，所以有勞。」 孝伯曰：「感君至意。」
The next morning Tao again mounted the Horse-Playing Terrace and sent another envoy to the Small Market Gate: "The Wei ruler greets the Pacifier of the North and asks that he step briefly outside the gate for a meeting. I do not mean to assault this city — why should the Pacifier of the North weary his men on the ramparts? Mules, donkeys, and camels are native to our north — we now send them, along with other gifts. He also told the squad leader at the Small Market Gate, "Since gifts are coming, you may move to the South Gate to receive them. Tao sent camels, mules, horses, sable furs, and assorted food and drink; when they reached the South Gate it was already shut, and the order to open it had not yet been issued. Zhang Chang watched from the wall; the Wei envoy asked, "Is that Chief Secretary Zhang? Chang said, "How do you know who I am? The envoy replied, "Your reputation travels far — that is enough for me to know. Chang then asked the envoy's surname; he answered, "I am Xianbei — we have no surnames. And I may not speak of the Way either. Chang asked again, "What is your office? He answered, "Xianbei ranks do not correspond to yours, so I cannot name mine readily — but they are sufficient to match yours. The envoy asked again, "Why have you so hastily shut the gates and cut the bridges? Chang answered, "The two princes note that the Wei ruler's camp is not yet set and your troops are weary. We have a hundred thousand men in fine armor, each ready to die — we feared a rash clash, so the gates stay closed for now. When your men and horses have rested, we shall fix the field and set a day for battle. The envoy said, "You should govern by law — why raise bridges? And what makes a mere hundred thousand worth boasting about? We too have fine horses and swift mounts — if horsemen gather from every quarter, they can hold their own. Chang said, "When princes fortify a place, do they rely on law alone? If I wished to boast to you, I would say a million. I said a hundred thousand only because that is the force the two princes have long kept at their side. The civilians of several provinces within these walls, and the two divisions of camp troops, I have not even counted. I contend in wits, not in horsemanship. Besides, the lands north of Ji are where horses are bred — with what swift mounts do you boast to me! The envoy said, "Not so. Holding cities is your strength; field battle is mine. My reliance on horses is like your reliance on walls. Inside the city was Ju Si, who had once served in the north; Yigong sent him to look and Si recognized the Wei minister Li Xiaobo. Si then asked, "Minister Li, you must be weary from the road. Xiaobo said, "That is something we should both know. Si answered, "Because we both know it, that is why you are weary. Xiaobo said, "I am touched by your kindness."
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既開門，暢屏卻人仗，出對孝伯，並進餉物。 虜使云：「貂裘與太尉，駱駝、騾與安北，蒲陶酒雜飲，叔侄共嘗。」 燾又乞酒並甘橘。 暢宣世祖問：「致意魏主，知欲相見，常遲面寫。 但受命本朝，過蒙藩任，人臣無境外之交，恨不暫悉。 且城守備防，邊鎮之常，但悅以使之，故勞而無怨耳。 太尉、鎮軍得所送物，魏主意，知復須甘橘，今並付如別。 太尉以北土寒鄉，皮絝褶脫是所須，今致魏主。 螺杯、雜粽，南土所珍，鎮軍今以相致。」 此信未去，燾復遣使令孝伯傳語曰：「魏主有詔語太尉、安北，近以騎至，車兩在後，今端坐無為，有博具可見借。」 暢曰：「博具當為申啟。 但向語二王，已非遜辭，且有詔之言，政可施於彼國，何得稱之於此。」 孝伯曰：「詔之與語，朕之與我，竝有何異。」 暢曰：「若辭以通，可如來談； 既言有所施，則貴賤有等。 向所稱詔，非所敢聞。」 孝伯又曰：「太尉、安北是人臣與非？」 暢曰：「是也。」 孝伯曰：「鄰國之君，何為不稱詔於鄰國之臣？」 暢曰：「君之此稱，尚不可聞於中華，況在諸王之貴，而猶曰鄰國之君邪。」 孝伯曰：「魏主言太尉、鎮軍並皆年少，分闊南信，殊當憂邑。 若欲遣信者，當為護送； 脫須騎者，亦當以馬送之。」 暢曰：「此方間路甚多，使命日夕往來，不復以此勞魏主。」 孝伯曰：「亦知有水路，似為白賊所斷。」 暢曰：「君著白衣，故稱白賊邪？」 孝伯大笑曰：「今之白賊，亦不異黃巾、赤眉。」 暢曰：「黃巾、赤眉，似不在江南。」 孝伯曰：「雖不在江南，亦不在青、徐也。」 暢曰：「今者青、徐，實為有賊，但非白賊耳。」 虜使云：「向借博具，何故不出？」 暢曰：「二王貴遠，啟聞難徹。」 孝伯曰：「周公握髮吐哺，二王何獨貴遠？」 暢曰：「握髮吐飡，本施中國耳。」 孝伯曰：「賓有禮，主則擇之。」 暢曰：「昨見眾賓至門，未為有禮。」 俄頃送博具出，因以與之。
When the gate opened, Chang sent away armed escorts and went out to meet Xiaobo, and they brought in the gifts together. The envoy said, "The sable coat is for the Grand Marshal, the camels and mules for the Pacifier of the North, and the grape wine and assorted drinks are for uncle and nephew to share." Tao also asked for wine and sweet oranges. Chang relayed Emperor Xiaowu's message: "Please tell the Wei ruler that, knowing he wishes to meet, I have long looked forward to a face-to-face audience. But I hold my commission from this court and have been entrusted with a frontier post beyond my merits; a subject may not maintain ties across the border — I regret we cannot meet even briefly. Besides, holding a city and standing on guard are the routine duties of a frontier command; it is only because our men take pride in their task that they toil without complaint. The Grand Marshal and the Field Marshal have received your gifts. Learning that the Wei ruler also wants sweet oranges, we are sending them as listed separately. The Grand Marshal notes that the north is a cold land and sends leather breeches and coats, which you should find useful, as a gift to the Wei ruler. Spiral-shell cups and assorted zongzi, delicacies of the south — the Field Marshal sends them now as gifts. Before this message had even gone out, Tao sent another envoy through Xiaobo with a message: "The Wei ruler has an edict for the Grand Marshal and the Pacifier of the North: my cavalry has just arrived and the wagons are behind; rest easy and stay put — if you have gaming pieces, lend us some. Chang said, "I shall report your request for gaming pieces. But what you just said to the two princes was hardly deferential, and language of imperial edicts belongs in your realm — how can you use it here? Xiaobo said, "What difference is there between an edict and ordinary speech, or between 'We' and 'I'? Chang said, "If terms were interchangeable, you might have a point; but once you say a term applies only in certain cases, rank and station matter. The 'edict' you just used is not something I may hear in this place. Xiaobo pressed on: "Are the Grand Marshal and the Pacifier of the North not subjects? Chang said, "They are. Xiaobo said, "Why should the ruler of a neighboring state not speak of an edict to ministers of a neighboring state? Chang said, "That word would not even be permissible in the Central Realm; how much less when addressing princes of the blood — and you still say 'ruler of a neighboring state'? Xiaobo said, "The Wei ruler observes that the Grand Marshal and the Field Marshal are both young, cut off from news of the south, and must be anxious indeed. If you wish to send envoys, he will see them safely through; if you need couriers, he will supply horses as well. Chang said, "There are many byways here, and messengers pass day and night — we need not trouble the Wei ruler for that. Xiaobo said, "We know there is also a water route — but it seems blocked by the White Bandits. Chang said, "You wear white — is that why you say 'White Bandits'? Xiaobo laughed and said, "Today's White Bandits are no different from the Yellow Turbans and Red Eyebrows. Chang said, "The Yellow Turbans and Red Eyebrows were hardly in Jiangnan. Xiaobo said, "They were not in Jiangnan — but they were not in Qing and Xu either. Chang said, "As for Qing and Xu today, there are indeed bandits — just not White Bandits. The envoy said, "We asked to borrow gaming pieces — why haven't they appeared? Chang said, "The two princes are far above us; it is hard to get their answer in time. Xiaobo said, "The Duke of Zhou would break off his toilet to receive guests — why should the two princes alone be 'too high to reach'? Chang said, "That custom of breaking off a meal to receive guests belongs to the Central Realm alone. Xiaobo said, "When the guest observes propriety, the host may choose how to respond. Chang said, "Yesterday I saw your horde arrive at the gate — that was hardly courteous. Before long the gaming pieces were brought out and handed over.
13
燾又遣人云：「魏主致意安北，程天祚一介常人，誠知非宋朝之美，近於汝陽身被九創，落在殿外，我手牽而出之。 凡人骨肉分張，並思集聚，輒已語之，但其弟苦辭。 今令與來使相見。」 程天福謂使人曰：「兄受命汝陽，不能死節，各在一國，何煩相見。」 燾又送氈各一領，鹽各九種，并胡豉：「凡此諸鹽，各有所宜。 白鹽是魏主自所食。 黑鹽治腹脹氣懣，細刮取六銖，以酒服之。 胡鹽治目痛。 柔鹽不食，治馬脊創。 赤鹽、駁鹽、臭鹽、馬齒鹽四種，並不中食。 胡豉亦中啖。 黃甘幸彼所豐，可更見分。」 又云：「魏主致意太尉、安北，何不遣人來至我間。 彼此之情，雖不可盡，要須見我小大，知我老少，觀我為人。 若諸佐不可遣，亦可使僮幹來。」 暢又宣旨答曰：「魏主形狀才力，久為來往所見。 李尚書親自銜命，不患彼此不盡，故不復遺使信。」 又云：「魏主恨向所送馬，殊不稱意。 安北若須大馬，當更送之，脫須蜀馬，亦有佳者。」 暢曰：「安北不乏良駟，送自彼意，非此所求。」 義恭餉燾炬燭十挺，世祖亦致錦一匹，曰：「知更須黃甘，誠非所吝。 但送不足周彼一軍，向給魏主，未應便乏，故不復重付。」 燾復求甘蔗、安石榴，暢曰：「石榴出自鄴下，亦當非彼所乏。」 孝伯又曰：「君南土膏粱，何為著屩。 君而著此，使將士云何？」 暢曰：「膏粱之言，誠為多愧。 但以不武，受命統軍，戎陣之間，不容緩服。」 孝伯又曰：「長史，我是中州人，久處北國，自隔華風，相去步武，不得致盡，邊皆是北人聽我語者，長史當深得我。」 孝伯又曰：「永昌王，魏主從弟，自復常鎮長安，今領精騎八萬，直造淮南，壽春久閉門自固，不敢相禦。 向送劉康祖頭，彼之所見。 王玄謨甚是所悉，亦是常才耳。 南國何意作如此任使，以致奔敗。 自入此境七百餘里，主人竟不能一相拒逆。 鄒山之險，君家所憑，前鋒始得接手，崔邪利便藏入穴，我間諸將倒曳腳而出之，魏主賜其生命，今從在此。 復何以輕脫遣馬文恭至蕭縣，使望風退撓邪。 君家民人甚相忿怨，云清平之時，賦我租帛，至有急難，不能相拯。」 暢曰：「知永昌已過淮南，康祖為其所破，比有信使，無此消息。 王玄謨南土偏將，不謂為才，但以人為前驅引導耳。 大軍未至而河冰向合，玄謨量宜反旆，未為失機，但因夜回師，致戎馬小亂耳。 我家玄謨斗城，陳憲小將，魏主傾國，累旬不克。 胡盛之偏裨小帥，眾無一旅，始濟融水，魏國君臣奔迸，僅得免脫，滑臺之師，無所多愧。 鄒山小戍，雖有微險，河畔之民，多是新附，始慕聖化，奸盜未息，亦使崔邪利撫之而已，今沒虜手，何損於國。 魏主自以十萬師而制一崔邪利，方復足言邪？ 聞蕭、相百姓，並依山險，聊遣馬文恭以十隊示之耳。 文恭謂前以三隊出，還走後，大營嵇玄敬以百騎至留城，魏軍奔敗。 輕敵致此，亦非所衄。 王境人民，列居河畔，二國交兵，當互加撫養，而魏師入境，肆行殘虐，事生意外，由彼無道。 官不負民，民何怨人。 知入境土，百無相拒，此自上由太尉神算，次在鎮軍聖略。 經國之要，雖不豫聞，然用兵有機，間亦不容相語。」 孝伯曰：「魏主當不圍此城，自率眾軍，直造瓜步。 南事若辦，彭城不待圍； 若不捷，彭城亦非所須也。 我今當南飲江湖，以療渴耳。」 暢曰：「去留之事，自適彼懷。 若虜馬遂得飲江，便為無復天道。 各應反命，遲復更悉。」 暢便回還，孝伯追曰：「長史深自愛敬，相去步武，恨不執手。」 暢因復謂曰：「善將愛，冀蕩定有期，相見無遠。 君若得還宋朝，今為相識之始。」 孝伯曰：「待此未期。」 燾又遣就二王借箜篌、琵琶、箏、笛等器及棊子，義恭答曰：「受任戎行，不齎樂具。 在此燕會，政使鎮府命妓，有弦百條，是江南之美，今以相致。」 世祖曰：「任居方岳，初不此經慮，且樂人常器，又觀前來諸王贈別，有此琵琶，今以相與。 棊子亦付。」 孝伯言辭辯贍，亦北土之美也。 暢隨宜應答，吐屬如流，音韻詳雅，風儀華潤，孝伯及左右人並相視歎息。
Tao sent another message: "The Wei ruler sends his regards to the Pacifier of the North. Cheng Tianzuo is an ordinary man who knows he is no ornament to the Song court. At Ruyang he took nine wounds and fell outside the hall; I pulled him out with my own hand. When kin are torn apart, any man longs to be reunited — I have told him so, but his brother steadfastly refused. I have now arranged for him to meet your envoy. Cheng Tianfu told the envoy, "My brother took his post at Ruyang and failed to die in its defense. We serve different realms — why should we meet? Tao also sent a blanket apiece, nine varieties of salt each, and fermented bean paste, saying, "Each of these salts has its proper use. White salt is what the Wei ruler eats himself. Black salt treats bloating and inner distress; scrape off six zhu finely and take it with wine. Hu salt relieves eye pain. Soft salt is not for eating; it treats sores on a horse's back. Red salt, speckled salt, foul salt, and horseshoe salt — these four are not edible. The fermented bean paste is good to eat as well. You are rich in sweet oranges — might we have another share? He also said, "The Wei ruler asks the Grand Marshal and the Pacifier of the North: why not send someone to visit our camp? Our feelings cannot be fully conveyed in words, but you should at least see my stature, know whether I am young or old, and judge what sort of man I am. If your chief advisers cannot come, send clerks or attendants. Chang relayed the reply: "The Wei ruler's stature and prowess have long been known through our exchanges. Minister Li carries the message in person — we need not fear anything will be left unsaid, so there is no need to send anyone else. He also said, "The Wei ruler was displeased with the horses you sent earlier. If the Pacifier of the North wants larger horses, we can send more; if you prefer horses from Shu, we have good ones. Chang said, "The Pacifier of the North has no lack of fine horses — your gift was your own courtesy, not something we requested. Yigong sent Tao ten bundles of torches and candles; Emperor Xiaowu also sent a bolt of brocade, saying, "Knowing you want more sweet oranges — we do not begrudge them. But what we can send would not feed your whole army, and what we gave the Wei ruler earlier should not be gone already — so we will not send more. Tao asked again for sugarcane and pomegranates. Chang said, "Pomegranates grow around Ye — you should not be short of them on your side. Xiaobo added, "You are a refined man of the south — why wear straw sandals? If you dress like this, what are your officers and men to do? Chang said, "Your compliment is more than I deserve. But I am no warrior, and having been put in command, I cannot wear soft clothes in the face of the enemy. Xiaobo said again, "Chief Secretary, I am a man of the Central Plains who has lived long in the north and lost touch with civilized ways — a few steps apart, we cannot say all we mean. Everyone here who hears me is a northerner; you should understand me better than they do. Xiaobo said, "Prince Yongchang, the Wei ruler's cousin, has long held Chang'an; he now leads eighty thousand elite horsemen straight for Huainan. Shouchun has shut its gates for ages and dares not meet him. We sent you Liu Kangzu's head — you have seen that. We know Wang Xuemo well enough — he is nothing extraordinary. Why did the south appoint such men and bring on rout and ruin? Since we crossed your border seven hundred li, your side has not once stood in our way. Zou Mountain is your stronghold — yet when our vanguard barely engaged, Cui Xieli hid in a cave. Our generals hauled him out by the legs; the Wei ruler spared him, and he is here with us now. And why send Ma Wengong to Xiaoxian so rashly, only to have him break and run at the first alarm? Your people are full of grievance, saying that in peaceful times you took their grain and cloth in taxes, but when trouble came you could not protect them. Chang said, "We know Prince Yongchang has crossed into Huainan and that Kangzu was defeated — but our latest messengers brought no such report. Wang Xuemo is a secondary southern commander — we never counted him a genius, only used him as a pathfinder. The main force had not yet arrived and the river was freezing — Xuemo judged it wise to withdraw, not a missed chance; only the night march caused a little confusion among the troops. Our Xuemo held a city no bigger than a measure; Chen Xian is a minor commander — yet the Wei ruler threw the whole kingdom at them and could not win for weeks. Hu Shengzhi was a petty officer with less than a brigade — yet when he crossed the Rong River, Wei ministers and ruler fled in panic and barely escaped. As for the army at Huatai, we have little to be ashamed of. The garrison at Zou Mountain offered some slight defense, but the riverside folk are mostly new subjects still settling under our rule, with banditry not yet suppressed — Cui Xieli was there merely to keep order. If he has fallen into your hands, what harm is that to the state? Is it worth boasting that the Wei ruler needed a hundred thousand men to catch one Cui Xieli? We heard the people of Xiao and Xiang had taken to the hills — we sent Ma Wengong with ten squads merely to show them our flag. Wengong says his three squads withdrew as planned — whereupon Ji Xuanjing of the main camp reached Liucheng with a hundred riders and routed your army. A rash underestimation brought that about — hardly a defeat to speak of. Our people stand along the river — when two realms make war, each side should protect the other. Your army entered and ravaged at will; whatever uproar followed came from your own want of decency. The court has not wronged the people — why should they hold grievances against us? Your army has marched seven hundred li without meeting resistance — that is first the Grand Marshal's master strategy, and second the Field Marshal's wise plans. I am not privy to every detail of statecraft, and the art of war has its secrets — some things cannot be shared even in talk like this. Xiaobo said, "The Wei ruler will probably not bother with this city — he will lead his host straight to Guabu. If the southern campaign succeeds, Pengcheng will fall without a siege; if it fails, Pengcheng will not matter anyway. I am going south to drink from the Yangtze — to slake my thirst. Chang said, "Whether you stay or go is entirely your affair. If your horses truly reach the Yangtze, Heaven itself will have forsaken us. We each have our reports to deliver — we shall speak again in due time. Chang turned to go. Xiaobo called after him, "Chief Secretary, I think highly of you — we stand so close, yet I regret we cannot shake hands. Chang turned back once more and said, "Take care of yourself. May peace come soon, and may we meet again before long. If you ever return to the Song court, let today be the day our friendship began. Xiaobo said, "That day is not one I expect to see. Tao sent again to borrow konghou, pipa, zheng, flutes, and other instruments plus go stones. Yigong replied, "On campaign we brought no musical gear. For our feasts here we had the headquarters send entertainers — a hundred strings, the finest of Jiangnan — and offer them to you now. Emperor Xiaowu said, "In my border command I did not think to bring such things. These are our musicians' everyday instruments; noting what visiting princes gave in parting, I also have this pipa — take it. The go stones are included as well. Xiaobo's speech was fluent and rich — another fine specimen of the northern school. Chang matched him point for point, words pouring forth without pause, voice measured and graceful, presence radiant — Xiaobo and his attendants exchanged glances and murmured in wonder.
14
虜尋攻彭城南門，並放火，暢躬自前戰，身先士卒。 及燾自瓜步北走，經彭城下過，遣人語城內：「食盡且去，須麥熟更來。」 義恭大懼，閉門不敢追。 虜期又至，議欲芟麥剪苗，移民堡聚，眾論並不同，復更會議。 鎮軍錄事參軍王孝孫獨曰：「虜不能復來，既自可保，如其更至，此議亦不可立。 百姓閉在內城，饑饉日久，方春之月，野采自資，一入堡聚，餓死立至。 民知必死，何可制邪？ 虜若必來，芟麥無晚。」 四坐默然，莫之敢對。 暢曰：「孝孫之議，實有可尋。」 鎮軍府典籤董元嗣侍世祖側，進曰：「王錄事議不可奪，實如來論。」 別駕王子夏因曰：「此論誠然。」 暢斂板白世祖曰：「下官欲命孝孫彈子夏。」 世祖曰：「王別駕有何事邪？」 暢曰：「芟麥移民，可謂大議，一方安危，事繫於此。 子夏親為州端，曾無同異，及聞元嗣之言，則歡笑酬答，阿意左右，何以事君。」 子夏大慚，元嗣亦有慚色。 義恭之議遂寢。 太祖聞暢屢有正議，甚嘉之。 世祖猶停彭城，召暢先反，並使履行盱眙城，欲立大鎮。 時虜聲云當出襄陽，故以暢為南譙王義宣司空長史、南郡太守。 又欲暢代劉興祖為青州及彭城都督，竝不果。
The enemy soon assailed Pengcheng's south gate and torched the approaches. Chang fought in the front rank himself, leading the men from the van. When Tao withdrew north from Guabu and marched past Pengcheng, he sent word into the city: "Our grain is spent and we are leaving — but when the wheat is ripe, we shall be back. Yigong was terrified. He shut the gates and would not give chase. As the enemy's promised return drew near, officials debated reaping the wheat, uprooting the young crops, and herding the populace into fortified settlements. Opinion was divided, and they convened again. Wang Xiaosun, staff recorder of the Pacification Army, spoke alone: "If the barbarians are not coming back, we can hold the city as we are. And if they do come, this plan still will not work. The people, penned in the inner city, had been hungry for months. In early spring they survived by foraging in the fields — force them into stockades and they will starve at once. Once people know they are being sent to their deaths, how can you restrain them? If the enemy truly comes, there will still be time to cut the wheat. The hall went silent. No one dared answer. Chang said, "Xiaosun's argument has real merit. Dong Yuansi, headquarters chief clerk, standing at Emperor Xiaowu's side, stepped forward: "Recorder Wang's view cannot be overturned — it is precisely as stated. Vice-Prefect Wang Zixia added, "That is certainly true. Chang straightened his tablet and addressed Emperor Xiaowu: "I wish to have Xiaosun bring charges against Zixia. Emperor Xiaowu asked, "What has the vice-prefect done? Chang said, "Reaping the wheat and relocating the people is a matter of grave consequence — the region's fate depends on it. Zixia is the province's leading officer, yet he offered no view of his own; the moment Yuansi spoke, he laughed and agreed, currying favor with those around him. How does such a man serve his prince? Zixia flushed with shame; Yuansi looked abashed as well. Yigong's plan was dropped. Emperor Wen heard that Chang had spoken rightly again and again, and commended him warmly. Emperor Xiaowu remained at Pengcheng. He recalled Chang ahead of the main force and sent him to survey Xuyi, planning to make it a major stronghold. Rumors then held that the enemy would strike from Xiangyang, so Chang was appointed Chief Secretary to Yixuan, Prince of Nan Qiao, in his capacity as Minister of Works, and made Administrator of Nan Commandery. There was also talk of appointing Chang in Liu Xingzu's place as regional commander of Qing and Pengcheng — none of it materialized.
15
三十年，元兇弑逆，義宣發哀之日，即便舉兵，暢為元佐，居僚首，哀容俯仰，廕映當時。 舉哀畢，改服，著黃韋絝褶，出射堂簡人，音姿容止，莫不矚目，見之者皆願為盡命。 事平，徵為吏部尚書，夷道縣侯，食邑千戶。 義宣既有異圖，蔡超等以暢民望，勸義宣留之，乃解南蠻校尉以授暢，加冠軍將軍，領丞相長史。 暢遣門生荀僧寶下都，因顏竣陳義宣釁狀。 僧寶有私貨停巴陵，不時下，會義宣起兵，津徑斷絕，僧寶遂不得去。 義宣將為逆，遣嬖人翟靈寶謂暢：「朝廷簡練舟甲，意在西討，今欲發兵自衛。」 暢曰：「必無此理，請以死保之。」 靈寶知暢不回，勸義宣殺以徇眾。 即遣召暢，止於東齋，彌日不與相見，賴司馬竺超民保持，故獲全免。 既而進號撫軍，別立軍部，以收民望。 暢雖署文檄，而飲酒常醉，不省文書。 隨義宣東下，梁山戰敗，義宣奔走，暢於兵亂自歸，為軍人所掠，衣服都盡。 值右將軍王玄謨乘輿出營，暢已得敗衣，排玄謨上輿，玄謨意甚不悅，諸將欲殺之，隊主張世營救得免。 送京師，下廷尉，削爵土，配左右尚方。 尋見原。 復起為都官尚書，轉侍中，代子淹領太子右衛率。
In the thirtieth year, after the Depraved One's regicide, Yixuan took up arms the very day he declared mourning. Chang was his chief lieutenant and head of the staff; in every bow and gesture of grief he outshone all around him. When the mourning rites ended, he changed clothes, donned yellow leather campaign dress, and went to the archery ground to review the troops. Voice, face, and bearing held every eye; men who saw him were ready to die in his service. After the rebellion was crushed, he was recalled as Minister of Personnel and enfeoffed as Marquis of Yidao, with a fief of one thousand households. When Yixuan's treasonous intent became clear, Cai Chao and others, citing Chang's public prestige, urged Yixuan to retain him. Yixuan relinquished the post of Colonel of the Southern Man to Chang, promoted him to General Who Establishes Might, and made him Chief Secretary to the Chancellor. Chang dispatched his protégé Xun Sengbao to the capital to lay Yixuan's rebellious designs before Yan Jun. Sengbao had private merchandise held up at Baling and did not reach the capital in time. Yixuan then rose in arms, the routes were severed, and Sengbao could not get away. On the eve of rebellion, Yixuan sent his favorite Zhai Lingbao to Chang: "The court is fitting out ships and armor for a campaign westward. We mean to raise troops in self-defense. Chang replied, "That cannot be true. I stake my life on it. Seeing that Chang would not be moved, Lingbao urged Yixuan to execute him as an example to the troops. Yixuan summoned Chang and kept him in the east wing, refusing to see him all day. Only Marshal Zhu Chaomin's protection saved his life. He was then promoted to Pacification General and given a separate military staff, all to win back public favor. Chang still put his name to manifestos, but he drank himself insensible and ignored the paperwork. He followed Yixuan east. At Liangshan they were routed; Yixuan fled in disarray. In the chaos Chang gave himself up, was stripped by soldiers, and left with nothing to wear. Right General Wang Xuanmo was leaving camp in his carriage. Chang, clad in rags he had scrounged, shoved Xuanmo aside and climbed aboard. Xuanmo was furious; the officers wanted him dead, but squad leader Zhang Shi intervened and saved him. He was sent to the capital, tried by the Court of Justice, stripped of title and lands, and consigned to penal service in the imperial workshops. He was soon forgiven. He was restored as Minister of Justice, then made Palace Attendant and, in place of Zi Yan, Leader of the Crown Prince's Right Guard.
16
孝建二年，出為會稽太守。 大明元年，卒官，時年五十。 顏竣表世祖：「張暢遂不救疾。 東南之秀，蚤樹風範，聞問悽愴，深切常懷。」 諡曰宣子。 暢愛弟子輯，臨終遺命與輯合墳。
In the second year of Xiaojian he was posted as Administrator of Kuaiji. In the first year of Daming he died in office, at the age of fifty. Yan Jun wrote to Emperor Xiaowu: "Zhang Chang's illness proved beyond cure. A leading light of the southeast, he set his example early. The news fills me with sorrow that will not leave me. He was given the posthumous name Xuanzi. Chang doted on his protégé Ji and on his deathbed ordered that they be buried together.
17
暢弟悅，亦有美稱。 歷中書吏部郎，侍中，臨海王子頊前軍長史、南郡太守。 晉安王子勛建偽號於尋陽，召為吏部尚書，與鄧琬共輔偽政。 事敗，殺琬歸降，事在《琬傳》。 復為太子庶子，仍除巴陵王休若衛軍長史、襄陽太守。 四年，即代休若為雍州刺史、寧遠將軍。 復為休若征西長史、南郡太守。 六年，太宗於巴郡置三巴校尉，以悅補之，加持節、輔師將軍，領巴郡太守。 未拜，卒。
Chang's younger brother Yue was likewise well regarded. He served as Secretariat Director in the Ministry of Personnel, Palace Attendant, Chief Secretary to the Vanguard Army under Prince Zixiang of Linhai, and Administrator of Nan Commandery. When Prince Zixun of Jin'an proclaimed a rival throne at Xunyang, Yue was called to serve as Minister of Personnel and, with Deng Wan, upheld the pretender's regime. When the cause collapsed, he killed Wan and submitted to the throne; the account is in Deng Wan's biography. He was restored as Crown Prince Household Companion, then made Chief Secretary to Prince Xiuruo of Baling's Guard Army and Administrator of Xiangyang. In the fourth year he succeeded Xiuruo as Inspector of Yong Province and General of Pacifying the Distance. He again became Chief Secretary to Xiuruo's West-Pacifying Army and Administrator of Nan Commandery. In the sixth year Emperor Xiaowu created the post of Colonel of the Three Ba in Ba Commandery and appointed Yue to it, granting the Staff of Authority and the title General Who Assists the Army, with concurrent duty as Administrator of Ba Commandery. He died before he could take up the post.
18
何偃，字仲弘，廬江灊人，司空尚之中子也。 州辟議曹從事，舉秀才，除中軍參軍，臨川王義慶平西府主簿。 召為太子洗馬，不拜。 元嘉十九年，為丹陽丞，除廬陵王友，太子中舍人，中書郎，太子中庶子。 時義陽王昶任東官，使偃行義陽國事。
He Yan, styled Zhonghong, was a native of Qian in Lujiang and the middle son of Minister of Works He Shangzhi. The province engaged him as a deliberation clerk; he was nominated as a Filial and Incorrupt candidate, made Army Adjutant of the Central Army, and Master of Records on the Prince of Linchuan Yiqing's West-Pacifying staff. He was called to serve as Crown Prince Groom but declined the appointment. In the nineteenth year of Yuanjia he became Assistant Administrator of Danyang, then Companion to the Prince of Luling, Crown Prince Household Middle Attendant, Secretariat Gentleman, and Crown Prince Household Vice-Director. At that time Prince Chang of Yiyang served in the Eastern Palace, and Yan was entrusted with the administration of the Yiyang fief.
19
二十九年，太祖欲更北伐，訪之群臣，偃議曰：「內幹胡法宗宣詔，逮問北伐。 伏計賊審有殘禍，犬羊易亂，殲殄非難，誠如天旨。 今雖廟算無遺，而士未精習。 緣邊鎮戍，充實者寡，邊民流散，多未附業。 控引所資，取給根本。 虧根本以殉邊患，宜動必萬克。 無慮往歲挫傷，續以內釁，侮亡取亂，誠為沛然。 然淮、泗數州，實亦雕耗，流傭未歸，創痍未起。 且攻守不等，客主形異，薄之則勢艱，圍之則曠日，進退之間，奸虞互起。 竊謂當今之弊易衄，方來之寇不深，宜含垢藏疾，以齊天道。」 遷始興王濬征北長史、南東海太守。
In the twenty-ninth year, as Emperor Wen prepared another northern campaign, he sought his ministers' counsel. Yan argued: "When Internal Attendant Hu Fazong read the edict, he pressed us at once on the northern expedition. It is true, as Your Majesty holds, that the foe is already half-ruined — a herd easily scattered — and that crushing them should not be hard. Yet though the court's plans leave nothing out, the troops are not yet well drilled. Border garrisons are mostly understrength; frontier folk remain displaced, and many have not resumed their livelihoods. The resources on which any campaign must draw come from the heartland. If we weaken the heartland to answer a frontier crisis, every move must be certain of total victory. No one doubts that last year's defeats and their ensuing internal troubles give us ample occasion to strike a weakened foe. Yet the Huai and Si region itself is exhausted: refugees have not come home, and its wounds are still fresh. Attack and defense are not the same contest, nor are invader and defender matched in strength. Press too hard and the odds turn against us; lay siege and time runs out; in every advance or retreat, betrayal and doubt will multiply. I believe our present weakness makes us easy to break, while the enemy's coming blow is not yet mortal. We should swallow our shame, nurse our injuries, and wait until we move with Heaven. He was transferred to Chief Secretary to Prince Jun of Shixing's North-Pacifying Army and made Administrator of South Donghai.
20
元兇弑立，以偃為侍中，掌詔誥。 時尚之為司空、尚書令，偃居門下，父子並處權要，時為寒心； 而尚之及偃善攝機宜，曲得時譽。 會世祖即位，任遇無改，除大司馬長史，遷侍中，領太子中庶子。 時責百官讜言，偃以為：「宜重農恤本，並官省事，考課以知能否，增俸以除吏奸。 責成良守，久於其職。 都督刺史，宜別其任。」
After the Depraved One's regicide and usurpation, Yan was appointed Palace Attendant and put in charge of imperial edicts. Shangzhi was then Minister of Works and Director of the Imperial Secretariat, while Yan served at court — father and son together at the seat of power — and many feared for the realm; yet Shangzhi and Yan handled affairs with tact and, by measured steps, kept public esteem. When Emperor Xiaowu ascended the throne, their standing did not change. Yan was made Chief Secretary to the Grand Marshal, then Palace Attendant and concurrent Crown Prince Household Vice-Director. When the court called on every official for frank counsel, Yan argued that the state should "put agriculture first and tend the roots of the realm, merge redundant offices and lighten the burden of administration, test performance to separate the capable from the useless, and raise salaries to curb official corruption. Hold good magistrates to their duties and leave them in office long enough to govern. Separate the roles of area commander and provincial inspector."
21
改領驍騎將軍，親遇隆密，有加舊臣。 轉吏部尚書。 尚之去選未五載，偃復襲其跡，世以為榮。 侍中顏竣至是始貴，與偃俱在門下，以文義賞會，相得甚歡。 竣自謂任遇隆密，宜居重大，而位次與偃等未殊，意稍不悅。 及偃代竣領選，竣愈憤懣，與偃遂有隙。 竣時勢傾朝野，偃不自安，遂發心悸病，意慮乖僻，上表解職，告醫不仕。 世祖遇偃既深，備加治療，名醫上藥，隨所宜須，乃得瘥。 時上長女山陰公主愛傾一時，配偃子戢。 素好談玄，注《莊子•消搖篇》傳於世。
He was given concurrent rank as General of Valiant Cavalry and enjoyed imperial favor deeper than that accorded even veteran ministers. He was made Minister of Personnel. Shangzhi had left the Ministry of Personnel fewer than five years earlier; when Yan succeeded to the same post, the court counted it an honor. Palace Attendant Yan Jun had only lately come into power. He and Yan served together at court, meeting over texts and ideas, and they were on excellent terms. Jun believed his favor with the throne entitled him to greater standing, yet his rank was no higher than Yan's, and he grew quietly resentful. When Yan succeeded Jun as head of personnel appointments, Jun's resentment deepened, and a breach opened between them. Jun's influence then dominated court and country. Yan, ill at ease, developed a racing heart and a troubled mind. He memorialized to resign and pleaded illness, refusing office. Emperor Xiaowu, who favored Yan deeply, saw that he received every care — the best physicians and medicines, whatever he required — until he recovered. The emperor's eldest daughter, the Princess of Shanyin, was then the most favored woman at court; she was betrothed to Yan's son Ji. He had always loved metaphysical discourse and wrote a commentary on the "Free and Easy Wandering" chapter of the Zhuangzi that circulated widely.
22
大明二年，卒官，時年四十六。 世祖與顏竣詔曰：「何偃遂成異世，美志長往。 與之周旋，重以姻媾，臨哭傷怨，良不能已。 往矣如何！ 宜贈散騎常侍、金紫光祿大夫，本官如故。」 諡曰靖子。 子戢，升明末，為相國左長史。
In the second year of Daming he died in office, at the age of forty-six. Emperor Xiaowu wrote to Yan Jun: "He Yan has left this world, his noble aims gone with him. I moved in his company for years, and we were joined by marriage besides. At his passing my grief is more than I can bear. He is gone — what is there to say! Let him be posthumously granted Regular Attendant of the Dispersed Cavalry and Grand Master of the Gold Seal and Purple Ribbon, with his former offices recorded unchanged. He was given the posthumous name Jingzi. His son Ji, at the end of the Shengming era, served as Left Chief Secretary to the Chancellor of State.
23
江智淵，濟陽考城人，湘州刺史夷弟子。 父僧安，太子中庶子。 智淵初為著作郎，江夏王義恭太尉行參軍，太子太傅主簿，隨王誕後軍參軍。 世父夷有盛名，夷子湛又有清譽，父子竝貴達，智淵父少無名問，湛禮敬甚簡，智淵常以為恨，自非節歲，不入湛門。 及為隨王誕佐，在襄陽，誕待之甚厚。 時諮議參軍謝莊、府主簿沈懷文並與智淵友善。 懷文每稱之曰：「人所應有盡有，人所應無盡無者，其江智淵乎！」 元嘉末，除尚書庫部郎。 時高流官序，不為臺郎，智淵門孤援寡，獨有此選，意甚不說，固辭不肯拜。 竟陵王誕復版為驃騎參軍，轉主簿，隨府轉司空主簿、記室參軍，領南濮陽太守，遷從事中郎。 誕將為逆，智淵悟其機，請假先反。 誕事發，即除中書侍郎。
Jiang Zhiyuan was a native of Kaocheng in Jiyang and a nephew of Jiang Yi, Inspector of Xiang Province. His father Seng'an had served as Crown Prince Household Vice-Director. Zhiyuan began as Editorial Director, then served as Acting Army Adjutant on Prince Yigong of Jiangxia's Grand Marshal staff, Master of Records to the Crown Prince's Grand Tutor, and Rear-Army Adjutant under Prince Dan of Sui. His uncle Jiang Yi enjoyed great renown, and Yi's son Jiang Zhan a spotless reputation — father and son both rose high. Zhiyuan's own father had won little fame, and Zhan's courtesy toward the branch was cold. Zhiyuan resented this deeply and, save on feast days, would not cross Zhan's threshold. When he served as an aide to Prince Dan of Sui at Xiangyang, Dan treated him with exceptional kindness. At the time Advisory Staff Officer Xie Zhuang and headquarters recorder Shen Huaiwen were both close friends of Zhiyuan. Huaiwen often said of him, "Whatever a man should possess, he has; whatever a man should lack, he lacks — who else could that be but Jiang Zhiyuan!" Late in the Yuanjia era he was appointed director in the Secretariat's storehouse bureau. Men of eminent standing at the time did not take Secretariat gentleman posts; Zhiyuan's family was isolated and poorly connected, and this lone appointment displeased him so deeply that he firmly refused to accept it. Prince Dan of Jingling recalled him as adjutant to the Rapid-Cavalry command, then chief clerk; he followed the prince's staff as chief clerk to the Ministry of Works and army staff recorder, served concurrently as governor of southern Puyang, and was promoted to staff attendant. When Dan was plotting rebellion, Zhiyuan sensed it and asked leave to return to the capital first. When Dan's plot was exposed, Zhiyuan was immediately appointed vice-director of the Secretariat.
24
智淵愛好文雅，詞采清贍，世祖深相知待，恩禮冠朝。 上燕私甚數，多命群臣五三人游集，智淵常為其首。 同侶未及前，輒獨蒙引進，智淵每以越眾為慚，未嘗有喜色。 每從遊幸，與群僚相隨，見傳詔馳來，知當呼己，聳動愧恧，形於容貌，論者以此多之。
Zhiyuan loved refined learning and wrote in a lucid, ample style; Emperor Xiaowu knew him well and favored him above all others at court. The emperor held private banquets often and would summon three or five ministers at a time for outings — Zhiyuan was usually foremost among them. Before his companions could approach, he alone would be summoned in — Zhiyuan was always ashamed to outshine the others and never looked pleased by it. On imperial outings he walked among the officials; when he saw a courier gallop up with an edict and knew he would be called, he would start and flush with embarrassment — something critics admired in him.
25
遷驍騎將軍，尚書吏部郎。 上每酣宴，輒詬辱群臣，並使自相嘲訐，以為歡笑。 智淵素方退，漸不會旨。 嘗使以王僧朗嘲戲其子景文，智淵正色曰：「恐不宜有此戲。」 上怒曰：「江僧安癡人，癡人自相惜。」 智淵伏席流涕，由此恩寵大衰，出為新安王子鸞北中郎長史、南東海太守，加拜寧朔將軍，行南徐州事。 初，上寵姬宣貴妃殷氏卒，使群臣議諡，智淵上議曰「懷」。 上以不盡嘉號，甚銜之。 後車駕幸南山，乘馬至殷氏墓，群臣皆騎從，上以馬鞭指墓石柱謂智淵曰：「此上不容有懷字！」 智淵益惶懼。 大明七年，以憂卒，時年四十六。
He was promoted to General of Valiant Cavalry and Director of the Ministry of Personnel. When the emperor drank deeply at banquets, he would insult the ministers and set them to mocking one another for sport. Zhiyuan was upright and reserved by nature, and gradually fell out of step with the emperor's mood. Once the emperor had Wang Senglang jest at his son Jingwen; Zhiyuan said gravely, "I fear such jesting is not appropriate." The emperor snapped, "Jiang Seng'an was a fool — and fools stick up for each other." Zhiyuan bowed low at his place and wept. From then on imperial favor fell away sharply; he was posted out as chief secretary to Prince Luan of Xin'an's northern command and governor of South Donghai, with the additional rank of Pacifying-the-North General and charge of South Xuzhou. Earlier, when the emperor's favorite, Honored Consort Yin of the Xuan rank, died, the court was asked to propose a posthumous title; Zhiyuan submitted "Cherishing." The emperor felt the title was insufficiently flattering and bore a deep grudge. Later, on an outing to South Mountain, the emperor rode to Lady Yin's tomb with the ministers following on horseback; he pointed his riding crop at the stone pillar on the grave and told Zhiyuan, "That character 'cherish' must not appear here!" Zhiyuan grew only more fearful. In the seventh year of Daming (463) he died of anxiety and grief at the age of forty-six.
26
子季筠，太子洗馬，早卒。 後廢帝即位，以後父，追贈金紫光祿大夫。 季筠妻王，平望鄉君。
His son Jijun served as groom of the stable to the crown prince and died young. When Emperor Houfei ascended the throne, Jijun was posthumously granted Grand Master of the Gold Seal and Purple Ribbon as the empress's father. Jijun's wife, née Wang, held the title Lady of Pingwang.
27
智淵兄子概，早孤，養之如子。 概歷黃門吏部郎，侍中，武陵王北中郎長史、南東海太守，行南徐州事。 後廢帝元徽中，卒。
Zhiyuan's nephew Kai was orphaned young; Zhiyuan raised him as his own son. Kai served as palace attendant and director in the Ministry of Personnel, then as chief secretary to the Prince of Wuling's northern command and governor of South Donghai, with charge of South Xuzhou. He died during the Yuanhui era under Emperor Houfei.
28
史臣曰：夫將帥者，御眾之名； 士卒者，一夫之用。 坐談兵機，制勝千里，安在乎蒙楯前驅，履腸涉血而已哉！ 山濤之稱羊祜曰：「大將雖不須筋力，軍中猶宜強健。」 以此為言，則叔子之幹力弱矣。 杜預文士儒生，身不能穿札，射未嘗跨馬，一朝統大眾二十餘萬，為平吳都督。 王戎把臂入林，亦受專征之寄。 何必山西猛士，六郡良家，然後可受脤於朝堂，荷推轂之重。 及虜兵深入，徐服恇震，非張暢正言，則彭、汴危矣。 豈其身捍飛鏑，手折雲衝，方足使窮揲假命，危城載安乎？ 仁者之有勇，非為臆說。
The historian remarks: The term "commander" denotes one who governs troops; soldiers are the instrument of a single man. To sit and discuss strategy and prevail a thousand li away — what need is there merely to bear a shield in the van and tread through blood and entrails! Shan Tao said of Yang Hu, "A great general need not rely on brute strength, yet in the army robust health is still desirable." By that standard, Shuzi's physical vigor was slight. Du Yu was a literati and Confucian scholar who could not pierce a target with an arrow and had never mounted a horse for archery — yet one morning he took command of more than two hundred thousand men as director-general for the conquest of Wu. Wang Rong, the man who linked arms with Ruan Ji in the bamboo grove, likewise received an independent military command. Why must one be a fierce warrior of Shanxi or a son of a good family from the six commanderies before receiving investiture at court and bearing the weight of supreme command? When the barbarian armies drove deep inland and Xu Province trembled with fear, had it not been for Zhang Chang's forthright counsel, Pengcheng and Bian would have been lost. Was it only by catching flying bolts with his body or snapping siege engines with his hands that he saved a doomed city and a desperate garrison? That the benevolent can also be brave is no idle speculation.