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列傳第二十五吉翰劉道產杜驥申恬
Biography 25 — Ji Han, Liu Daochan, Du Ji, and Shen Tian
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吉翰，字休文，馮翊池陽人也。 初為龍驤將軍道憐參軍，隨府轉征虜左軍參軍，員外散騎侍郎。 隨道憐北征廣固，賜爵建城縣五等男。 轉道憐驃騎中兵參軍，從事中郎。 為將佐十餘年，清謹剛正，甚為高祖所知賞。 永初三年，轉道憐太尉司馬。
Ji Han, whose courtesy name was Xiuwen, came from Chiyang in Fengyi. He began as an aide on the staff of General of the Soaring Dragon Liu Daolian, then moved with the command to aide of the Left Army of the Vanquisher of Barbarians and finally to external attendant gentleman of the Scattered Cavalry. He followed Daolian north to campaign at Guanggu and was granted the fifth-rank barony of Jiancheng County. He was promoted to central army aide on Daolian's Flying Cavalry staff and then to attending gentleman. For over a decade he served as a military officer, noted for his integrity and strict probity, and won high esteem from the Founding Emperor. In the third year of Yongchu (422) he became chief of staff to Daolian in his capacity as Grand Marshal.
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時太祖經略河南，以翰為持節、監司、雍、并三州諸軍事、司州刺史，將軍如故。 會前鋒諸軍到彥之等敗退，明年，復為司徒司馬，將軍如故。 其年，又假節、監徐、兗二州、豫州之梁郡諸軍事、徐州刺史，將軍如故。 時有死罪囚，典籤意欲活之，因翰入關齎呈其事。 翰省訖，語「今且去，明可便呈」。 明旦，典籤不敢復入，呼之乃來。 取昨所呈事視訖，謂之曰：「卿意當欲宥此囚死命。 昨於齋坐見其事，亦有心活之。 但此囚罪重，不可全貸，既欲加恩，卿便當代任其罪。」 因命左右收典籤付獄殺之，原此囚生命。 其刑政如此，其下畏服，莫敢犯禁。 明年卒官，時年六十。 追贈征虜將軍，持節、監、刺史如故。
While Emperor Wen was laying plans for Henan, Han was appointed bearer of the staff, supervisor of military affairs in Si, Yong, and Bing, and inspector of Si Province, retaining his existing general's rank. After the vanguard under Dao Yanzhi and others was routed and pulled back, the next year he was again made chief of staff to the Grand Tutor, with his general's rank unchanged. That same year he received provisional staff authority as supervisor of military affairs in Xu and Yan and in Liang commandery of Yu, and was made inspector of Xu Province, while keeping his general's rank. There was then a prisoner under sentence of death whom a registry clerk hoped to spare; when Han entered the pass, the clerk had the case brought before him. After reviewing the petition, Han told him, "Leave for now—you may submit it tomorrow." The next morning the clerk did not dare come in again; he appeared only when called. Han took up yesterday's petition, read it through, and said, "You mean to spare this man from execution. Yesterday, when I saw the case in my fasting hall, I too was inclined to let him live. But his crime is too grave for a full pardon; if you wish to show him mercy, you must bear the penalty in his place." He then had his attendants seize the clerk, send him to prison, and put him to death, while sparing the condemned prisoner. Such was the sternness of his justice: his subordinates feared him and none dared break his rules. The next year he died in office, at the age of sixty. He was posthumously honored as General Who Punishes the Barbarians, with his staff, supervisory, and inspector titles recorded as before.
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劉道產，彭城呂人，太尉諮議參軍簡之子也。 簡之事在弟子康祖傳。 道產初為輔國參軍，無錫令，在縣有能名。 高祖版為中軍行參軍，又為道憐驃騎參軍，襲父爵晉安縣五等侯。 廣州群盜因刺史謝道欣死為寇，攻沒州城，道憐加道產振武將軍南討，會始興謙之已平廣州，道產未至而反。
Liu Daochan, a native of Lu in Pengcheng, was the son of Jian, consulting aide to the Grand Marshal. Jian's career is told in the biography of his younger brother Kangzu. Daochan first served as aide to the State-Supporting General, then as magistrate of Wuxi, where he earned a name for capable administration. The Founding Emperor made him acting aide on the central army staff and then aide on Daolian's Flying Cavalry staff; he inherited his father's fifth-rank marquisate of Jin'an County. When bandits in Guangzhou seized the prefectural city after Inspector Xie Daoxin's death, Daolian promoted Daochan to General Who Quells Martial Disorders and sent him south; but Qianzhi of Shixing had already pacified Guangzhou before Daochan arrived, and he turned back.
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元年，除寧遠將軍、巴西、梓潼二郡太守。 郡人黃公生、任肅之、張石之等竝譙縱餘燼，與姻親侯攬、羅奧等招引白水氐，規欲為亂。 道產誅公生等二十一家，宥其餘黨。 還為彭城王義康驃騎中兵參軍。 元嘉三年，督梁、南秦二州諸軍事、寧遠將軍、西戎校尉、梁、南秦二州刺史。 在州有惠化，關中流民，前後出漢川歸之者甚多。 六年，道產表置隴西、宋康二郡以領之。 七年，徵為後軍將軍。 明年，遷竟陵王義宣左將軍諮議參軍，仍為持節、督雍、梁、南秦三州、荊州之南陽、竟陵、順陽、襄陽、新野、隨六郡諸軍事、寧遠將軍、寧蠻校尉、雍州刺史、襄陽太守。 善於臨民，在雍部政績尤著，蠻夷前後叛戾不受化者，竝皆順服，悉出緣沔為居。 百姓樂業，民戶豐贍，由此有《襄陽樂歌》，自道產始也。
In the first year of Yuanjia (424) he was appointed General of Distant Pacification and concurrent administrator of Baxi and Zitong. Huang Gongsheng, Ren Suzhi, Zhang Shizhi, and others in the commandery were remnants of Qiao Zong's revolt; with relatives Hou Lan and Luo Ao they stirred up the Baishui Di and plotted rebellion. Daochan put Gongsheng and twenty other households to death and pardoned the remaining conspirators. He then returned as central army aide on the Flying Cavalry staff of Prince of Pengcheng Liu Yikang. In the third year of Yuanjia (426) he was put in charge of military affairs in Liang and Nanqin, with the titles General of Distant Pacification, Colonel of the Western Rong, and inspector of both provinces. His benevolent rule in the province drew many refugees from Guanzhong, who came through the Han valley to submit in large numbers. In the sixth year (429) Daochan petitioned to establish Longxi and Songkang commanderies to govern these settlers. In the seventh year (430) he was recalled to the capital as General of the Rear Guard. The next year he became consulting aide to the Left General on Prince of Jingling Liu Yixuan's staff, while also receiving the staff, supervision over Yong, Liang, and Nanqin and six Jing commanderies, the titles General of Distant Pacification and Colonel Who Pacifies the Man, the inspectorship of Yong, and the administration of Xiangyang. Skilled at governing the people, he achieved his greatest record in Yong: tribes that had long defied assimilation all submitted and settled along the Han River. The people prospered and households grew wealthy; from this came the "Xiangyang Songs of Joy," a tradition that began with Daochan.
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十三年，進號輔國將軍。 十九年卒，追贈征虜將軍，諡曰襄侯。 道產惠澤被於西土，及喪還，諸蠻皆備衰絰，號哭追送，至於沔口。 荊州刺史衡陽王義季啟太祖曰：「故輔國將軍劉道產患背癰，疾遂不救。 道產自鎮漢南，境接凶寇，政績既著，威懷兼舉。 年時猶可，方宣其用，奄至殞沒，傷怨特深。 伏惟聖懷，愍惜兼至。」 長子延孫，別有傳。 延孫弟延熙，因延孫之廕，大明中，為司徒右長史，黃門郎，臨海、義興太守。 泰始初，與四方同反，伏誅。
In the thirteenth year (436) he was promoted to General Who Supports the State. He died in the nineteenth year (442) and was posthumously honored as General Who Punishes the Barbarians, with the posthumous title Marquis of Xiang. Daochan's kindness had spread through the west; when his funeral procession returned, the tribes all donned mourning, wailed, and escorted him to the mouth of the Han. Jing Inspector Prince of Hengyang Liu Yiji reported to the Emperor: "The late General Who Supports the State Liu Daochan developed a carbuncle on his back and could not be saved. From his post south of the Han, on a frontier facing fierce enemies, he achieved outstanding administration, combining firm authority with humane governance. He was still in his prime and ready for greater service when he died so suddenly; the grief at his loss is especially deep. I trust Your Majesty's heart feels the fullest pity and regret." His eldest son Yansun is treated in a separate biography. Yansun's younger brother Yanxi, benefiting from Yansun's privilege, served in the Daming era as right chief clerk to the Grand Tutor, gentleman at the Yellow Gate, and administrator of Linhai and Yixing. At the start of Taishi (465) he joined the widespread rebellions and was put to death.
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道產弟道錫，巴西、梓潼二郡太守。 元嘉十八年，為氐寇所攻，道錫保城退敵，太祖嘉之。 下詔曰：「前者兵寇攻逼，邊情波駭，廣威將軍、巴西、梓潼二郡太守劉道錫，將率文武，盡心固守，保全之績，厥效可書。 可冠軍。 諮議參軍、前建威將軍、晉壽太守申坦，孤城弱眾，厲志致果，死傷參半，壯氣不衰，雖力屈陷沒，在誠宜甄。 可建威將軍、巴西、梓潼二郡太守。」 初，氐寇至，城內眾寡，道錫募吏民守城，復租布二十年。 及賊退，朝議：「賊雖攻城，一戰便走，聽依本要，於事為優。」 右衛將軍沈演之、丹陽尹羊玄保、後軍長史范曄竝謂：「宜隨功勞裁量，不可全用本誓，多者不得過十年。」 從之。 二十一年，遷揚烈將軍、廣州刺史。 二十七年，坐貪縱過度，自杖治中荀齊文垂死，乘輿出城行，與阿尼同載，為有司所糾。 值赦，明年散徵。 又以赦後餘贓，收下廷尉，被宥病卒。
Daochan's younger brother Daoxi served as administrator of Baxi and Zitong. In the eighteenth year of Yuanjia (441) Di raiders attacked him; Daoxi held the city and drove them off, winning the Emperor's praise. An edict declared: "When raiders pressed the frontier and the border was in turmoil, General of Broad Prestige Liu Daoxi, administrator of Baxi and Zitong, led his officials in a resolute defense; his success in holding the city deserves to be recorded. Let him be promoted to Champion General. Consulting aide Shen Tian, former General Who Establishes Prestige and administrator of Jinshou, held a lone city with few troops, yet fought with fierce resolve; though half his men fell and the city was lost, his steadfast loyalty deserves reward. Let him be made General Who Establishes Prestige and administrator of Baxi and Zitong." When the Di raiders first came and the garrison was weak, Daoxi recruited officials and commoners to defend the walls and promised a twenty-year remission of rent and cloth taxes. After the raiders withdrew, the court debated whether, since the enemy had fled after a single engagement, the original promise should stand in full. Right Guard General Shen Yanzhi, governor of Danyang Yang Xuanbao, and chief clerk of the rear guard Fan Ye all argued that the remission should match actual merit and could not exceed ten years. The court accepted their view. In the twenty-first year (444) he was transferred to General Who Raises the Host and inspector of Guangzhou. In the twenty-seventh year (450) he was impeached for gross corruption and license: he had personally beaten chief clerk Xun Qiwen nearly to death, rode out in the official carriage, and shared it with a Buddhist nun. An amnesty spared him; the next year he was dismissed from office. He was again tried for offenses remaining after the amnesty, handed to the Court of Justice, pardoned, and died of illness.
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杜驥，字度世，京兆杜陵人也。 高祖預，晉征南將軍。 曾祖耽，避難河西，因仕張氏。 苻堅平涼州，父祖始還關中。 兄坦，頗涉史傳。 高祖征長安，席捲隨從南還。 太祖元嘉中，任遇甚厚，歷後軍將軍，龍驤將軍，青、冀二州刺史，南平王鑠右將軍司馬。 晚度北人，朝廷常以傖荒遇之，雖復人才可施，每為清塗所隔，坦以此慨然。 嘗與太祖言及史籍，上曰：「金日磾忠孝淳深，漢朝莫及，恨今世無復如此輩人。」 坦曰：「日磾之美，誠如聖詔。 假使生乎今世，養馬不暇，豈辦見知。」 上變色曰：「卿何量朝廷之薄也。」 坦曰：「請以臣言之。 臣本中華高族，亡曾祖晉氏喪亂，播遷涼土，世葉相承，不殞其舊。 直以南度不早，便以荒傖賜隔。 日磾胡人，身為牧圉，便超入內侍，齒列名賢。 聖朝雖復拔才，臣恐未必能也。」 上默然。
Du Ji, whose courtesy name was Dushi, came from Duling in Jingzhao. His ancestor Yu served Jin as General of the South. His great-grandfather Dan took refuge in Hexi and entered the service of the Zhang regime. When Fu Jian pacified Liang Province, his father and grandfather returned to Guanzhong. His elder brother Tan was well read in history. When the Founding Emperor campaigned against Chang'an, he joined the southward march and returned with the army. Under Emperor Wen in the Yuanjia era Tan enjoyed exceptional favor, serving as rear guard general, soaring dragon general, inspector of Qing and Ji, and chief of staff to Prince of Nanping Liu Shuo's right general. As a northerner who had crossed south late, the court treated him as an outsider; though his talent was usable, the established elite kept him out, and Tan brooded bitterly over this. Once, discussing history with the Emperor, the Emperor said, "Jin Midi's loyalty and filial devotion were profound beyond anything in Han times—I regret that men like him no longer exist today." Tan replied, "Midi's excellence is indeed as Your Majesty says. Had he lived in our age, he would have had no time beyond tending horses—how could he ever have been noticed?" The Emperor's face darkened. "Why do you think so little of the court?" Tan said, "Let me speak from my own case. I come from a distinguished Chinese house; my great-grandfather was driven to Liang in Jin's collapse, yet our line preserved its standing generation after generation. Simply because we crossed south too late, we are dismissed as crude outsiders. Midi was a foreigner who tended horses, yet he rose straight into the inner court and stood among the great men of his age. Though our sage dynasty may promote talent, I doubt it could do the same today." The Emperor said nothing.
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北土舊法，問疾必遣子弟。 驥年十三，父使候同郡韋華。 華子玄有高名，見而異之，以女妻焉。 桂陽公義真鎮長安，辟為州主簿，後為義真車騎行參軍，員外散騎侍郎，江夏王義恭撫軍刑獄參軍，尚書都官郎，長沙王義欣後軍錄事參軍。
In the north it was customary to send one's sons when inquiring after the sick. When Ji was thirteen, his father sent him to inquire after Wei Hua of the same commandery. Hua's son Xuan was highly regarded; struck by Ji at their meeting, he gave him his daughter in marriage. When Duke of Guiyang Liu Yizhen held Chang'an, Ji was recruited as provincial chief clerk; he later served as acting aide on Yizhen's chariots and cavalry staff, external attendant gentleman, punishments aide on Prince of Jiangxia Liu Yigong's pacification army staff, director in the Ministry of Justice, and recording aide on Prince of Changsha Liu Yixin's rear guard staff.
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元嘉七年，隨到彥之入河南，加建武將軍。 索虜撤河南戍悉歸河北，彥之使驥守洛陽。 洛陽城不治既久，又無糧食，及彥之敗退，驥欲棄城走，慮為太祖所誅。 初，高祖平關洛，致鐘虡舊器南還，一大鐘墜洛水。 至是太祖遣將姚聳夫領千五百人迎致之。 時聳夫政率所領牽鐘于洛水，驥乃誑之曰：「虜既南渡，洛城勢弱，今修理城池，竝已堅固，軍糧又足，所乏者人耳。 君率眾見就，共守此城，大功既立，取鐘無晚。」 聳夫信之，率所領就驥。 既至，見城不可守，又無糧食，於是引眾去。 驥亦委城南奔，白太祖曰：「本欲以死固守，姚聳夫及城便走，人情沮敗，不可復禁。」 上大怒，使建威將軍鄭順之殺聳夫於壽陽。 聳夫，吳興武康人。 勇果有氣力，宋世偏裨小將莫及。 始隨到彥之北伐，與虜遇，聳夫手斬托跋燾叔父英文特勒首，燾以馬百匹贖之。
In the seventh year of Yuanjia (430) he followed Dao Yanzhi into Henan and was made General Who Establishes Martial Prestige. The Northern Wei pulled all Henan garrisons back north of the river, and Yanzhi left Ji to hold Luoyang. Luoyang had long been neglected and had no grain; when Yanzhi was routed, Ji wanted to abandon the city and flee but feared the Emperor would have him executed. When the Founding Emperor had pacified Guan and Luo, he sent the ancient bells and vessels south; one great bell had fallen into the Luo River. The Emperor now sent General Yao Songfu with fifteen hundred men to recover it. Songfu was then hauling the bell at the Luo when Ji deceived him: "The enemy has crossed south and Luoyang looks weak—but we have repaired the walls, provisions are ample, and we only lack men. Bring your men and help hold the city; once we have done that, there will be time enough to fetch the bell." Songfu believed him and led his men to Ji. Once there, they saw the city could not be held and there was no food, and they led their men away. Ji too abandoned the city and fled south, reporting to the Emperor: "I had meant to die defending it, but when Yao Songfu arrived he fled at once; morale collapsed and could not be held." The Emperor was furious and sent General Who Establishes Prestige Zheng Shunzhi to execute Songfu at Shouyang. Songfu was a native of Wukang in Wuxing. Brave, fierce, and immensely strong, no subordinate general of the Song could match him. He had first followed Dao Yanzhi north; in battle he personally beheaded Tuoba Tao's uncle Yingwen Tele, and Tao ransomed the head with a hundred horses.
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以驥為通直郎，射聲校尉，世祖征虜諮議參軍。 十七年，出督青、冀二州、徐州之東莞、東安二郡諸軍事、寧遠將軍、青、冀二州刺史。 在任八年，惠化著於齊土。 自義熙至於宋末，刺史唯羊穆之及驥，為吏民所稱詠。 二十四年，徵左軍將軍，兄坦代為刺史，北土以為榮焉。 坦長子琬為員外散騎侍郎，太祖嘗有函詔敕坦，琬輒開視。 信未發又追取之，敕函已發，大相推檢。 丞都答云：「諸郎開視。」 上遣主書詰責，驥答曰：「開函是臣第四子季文，伏待刑坐。」 上特原不問。 二十七年，卒，時年六十四。
Ji was made direct attendant, colonel of the archers who shoot at sound, and consulting aide on the heir's vanquisher-of-barbarians staff. In the seventeenth year (440) he was sent out to supervise military affairs in Qing and Ji and in Dongguan and Dong'an of Xu, as General of Distant Pacification and inspector of Qing and Ji. In eight years in office his benevolent rule became renowned throughout Qi. From Yixi to the end of Song, only Yang Muzhi and Ji among provincial inspectors won lasting praise from officials and people alike. In the twenty-fourth year (447) he was recalled as General of the Left Army; his elder brother Tan took over as inspector, which northerners regarded as a great honor. Tan's eldest son Wan served as external attendant gentleman; once the Emperor sent Tan a sealed edict, and Wan opened and read it. Before the messenger departed the letter was recalled; because the seal had been broken, a major investigation ensued. The prefectural chief clerk replied, "The young gentlemen opened it." The Emperor sent a chief clerk to investigate; Ji answered, "My fourth son Jiwen opened the seal; I await punishment." The Emperor specially pardoned him and dropped the matter. He died in the twenty-seventh year (450), at the age of sixty-four.
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長子長文，早卒。 第五子幼文，薄於行。 太宗初，以軍功為驍騎將軍，封邵陽縣男，食邑三百戶。 尋坐巧佞奪爵。 後以發太尉廬江王禕謀反事，拜黃門侍郎。 出為輔國將軍、梁、南秦二州刺史。 廢帝元徽中，為散騎常侍。 幼文所蒞貪橫，家累千金，女伎數十人，絲竹晝夜不絕，與沈勃、孫超之居止接近，常相從，又竝與阮佃夫厚善。 佃夫死，廢帝深疾之。 帝微行夜出，輒在幼文門牆之間，聽其弦管，積久轉不能平，於是自率宿衛兵誅幼文、勃、超之等。 幼文兄叔文為長水校尉，及諸子侄在京邑方鎮者竝誅。 唯幼文兄季文、弟希文等數人，逃亡得免。
His eldest son Changwen died young. His fifth son Youwen was morally deficient. At the start of Emperor Ming's reign he was made General of Valiant Cavalry for military merit and enfeoffed as Baron of Shaoyang with a fief of three hundred households. Soon he lost his title for crafty sycophancy. Later, for exposing Grand Marshal Prince of Lujiang Liu Yi's rebellion, he was made gentleman at the Yellow Gate. He was sent out as General Who Supports the State and inspector of Liang and Nanqin. Under the Deposed Emperor in the Yuanhui era he served as regular attendant of the scattered cavalry. In every office Youwen was greedy and domineering; his household amassed great wealth; he kept dozens of female performers and music never ceased day or night; he lived near Shen Bo and Sun Chaozhi and kept their company constantly; he was also intimate with Ruan Dianfu. After Dianfu's death, the Deposed Emperor came to hate them deeply. The emperor would slip out at night and linger by Youwen's gate listening to his music; as his resentment mounted he personally led the palace guard to execute Youwen, Bo, Chaozhi, and the others. Youwen's elder brother Shuwen was colonel of the Long River; all his sons and nephews in the capital or in the provinces were executed as well. Only Youwen's elder brother Jiwen, younger brother Xiwen, and a few others escaped by fleeing.
13
申恬，字公休，魏郡魏人也。 曾祖鍾，為石虎司徒。 高祖平廣固，恬父宣、宣從父兄永皆得歸國，竝以幹用見知。 永歷青、兗二州刺史。 高祖踐祚，拜太中大夫。 宣，太祖元嘉初，亦歷兗、青二州刺史。 恬兄謨，與朱脩之守滑臺，為虜所沒，後得叛還。 元嘉中，為竟陵太守。
Shen Tian, whose courtesy name was Gongxiu, came from Wei in Wei commandery. His great-grandfather Zhong served Shi Hu as Grand Tutor. When the Founding Emperor pacified Guanggu, Tian's father Xuan and Xuan's cousin Yong both returned to Song and were valued for their practical ability. Yong served as inspector of Qing and Yan. When the Founding Emperor took the throne, Yong was made grand master of palace counsel. Xuan, at the start of Yuanjia under Emperor Wen, also served as inspector of Yan and Qing. Tian's elder brother Mo held Huatai with Zhu Xiuzhi, was captured by the enemy, and later defected back. In the Yuanjia era he served as administrator of Jingling.
14
恬初為驃騎道憐長兼行參軍。 高祖踐祚，拜東宮殿中將軍，度還臺。 直省十載，不請休息。 轉員外散騎侍郎，出為綏遠將軍、下邳太守。 轉在北海，加寧遠將軍。 所至皆有政績。 又為北譙、梁二郡太守，將軍如故。 郡境邊接任榛，屢被寇抄。 恬到，密知賊來，仍伏兵要害，出其不意，悉皆禽殄。 元嘉十二年，遷督魯、東平、濟北三郡軍事、泰山太守，將軍如故。 惠威兼著，吏民便之。 臨川王義慶鎮江陵，為平西中兵參軍、河東太守。 衡陽王義季代義慶，又度安西府，加寧朔將軍。 召拜太子屯騎校尉，母憂去職。
Tian first served as senior acting aide on Liu Daolian's Flying Cavalry staff. When the Founding Emperor took the throne, Tian was made palace general of the Eastern Palace and then returned to the capital. For ten years on palace duty he never asked for a rest. He was transferred to external attendant gentleman, then sent out as General Who Pacifies the Distance and administrator of Xiapi. He was transferred to Beihai and given the additional title General of Distant Pacification. Wherever he served he left a record of good administration. He also served as administrator of Beiqiao and Liang, retaining his general's rank. The commandery bordered Renzhen and suffered repeated raids. When Tian arrived he learned secretly that raiders were coming, laid ambush at a choke point, surprised them, and captured or killed them all. In the twelfth year of Yuanjia (435) he was put in charge of military affairs in Lu, Dongping, and Jibei and made administrator of Taishan, retaining his general's rank. His kindness and authority were both evident, and officials and people prospered under him. When Prince of Linchuan Liu Yiqing held Jiangling, Tian served as central army aide on the pacify-the-west staff and administrator of Hedong. When Prince of Hengyang Liu Yiji replaced Yiqing, Tian was transferred to the pacify-the-west headquarters and made General Who Pacifies the North. He was summoned as colonel of the heir's garrison cavalry, then left office to mourn his mother.
15
二十一年，冀州移鎮歷下，以恬督冀州、青州之濟南、樂安、太原三郡諸軍事、揚烈將軍、冀州刺史，明年，加濟南太守。 時又遷換諸郡守，恬上表曰：「伏聞朝恩當加臣濟南太守，仰惟優旨，荒心散越。 臣殃咎之餘，遭蒙逾忝，寵私罔己，復兼今授，豈其愚迷，所能上答。 臣近至止，即履行所統，究其形宜。 河、濟之間，應置戍捍，其中四處，急須修立，甕口故城，又是要所，宜移太原，委以邊事。 緣山諸邏，並得除省，防衛綏懷，利便非一。 呂綽誠效益著，深同臣意，百姓聞者，咸皆附說，急有同異，二三未宜。 但房紹之蒞郡經年，軍民粗狎，改以帶臣，有乖永事。 遠牽太原，於民為苦。 而甕口之計，復成交互，人情非樂，容有不安。 疆場威刑，患不開廣，若得依先處分，公私允緝。」 上從之。 詔有司曰：「恬所陳當是事宜，近諸除授可悉停。」
In the twenty-first year (444) Jizhou's seat moved to Lixia; Tian was put in charge of military affairs in Jizhou and in Jinan, Le'an, and Taiyuan of Qing, as General Who Raises the Host and inspector of Jizhou; the next year he was also made administrator of Jinan. As commandery administrators were being rotated, Tian memorialized: "I humbly hear that the court intends to add Jinan to my charge; at this gracious decree my bewildered heart is overwhelmed with gratitude. I am one who survives disgrace and fault, yet have received favor beyond my deserts; your private grace knows no limit, and now this added appointment—how could my dull wits ever repay it? Since my recent arrival I have toured my jurisdiction and studied its terrain and conditions. Between the Yellow and Ji rivers garrisons are needed; four sites urgently require rebuilding; the old city at Wengkou is again critical—Taiyuan should be moved there and entrusted with frontier defense. The mountain guard posts could all be abolished, yielding many advantages in defense and pacification. Lu Chuo's loyal service is evident and fully accords with my view; the people who hear of it all endorse the plan—only two or three urgent points still seem ill-advised. But Fang Shaozhi has governed the commandery for years and the army and people are already accustomed to him; replacing him with me in an added post would harm long-term stability. Moving Taiyuan far away would burden the people. Moreover the Wengkou plan would again shuffle assignments; the people would not welcome it and unrest might follow. On the frontier we fear authority will not reach far enough; if the prior arrangement can stand, public and private interests will both be secure." The Emperor accepted his advice. An edict to the authorities said, "Tian's memorial fits the circumstances; halt all recent appointments."
16
北虜入寇，恬摧擊之，為虜所破，被徴還都。 二十七年，起為通直常侍。 是歲，索虜南寇，其武昌王向青州。 遣恬援東陽，因與輔國司馬、齊郡太守龐秀之保城固守。 蕭斌遣青州別駕解榮之率垣護之還援恬等，仍傍南山得入。 賊朝來脅城，日晚輒退。 城內乃出車北門外，環塹為營，欲挑戰，賊不敢逼。 停五日，東過抄略清河郡及驛道南數千家，從東安、東莞出下邳。 下邳太守垣閬閉城距守，保全二千餘家。 虜退，以恬為寧朔將軍、山陽太守。 善於治民，所蒞有績。 世祖踐阼，遷青州刺史，將軍如故。 尋加督徐州之東莞、東安二郡諸軍事。 明年，又督冀州。 齊地連歲興兵，百姓凋弊，恬初防衛邊境，勸課農桑，二三年間，遂皆優實。 性清約，頻處州郡，妻子不免饑寒，世以此稱之。 進號輔國將軍。
When the northern barbarians invaded, Tian struck at them but was defeated and recalled to the capital. In the twenty-seventh year (450) he was recalled as regular attendant for direct communication. That year the Northern Wei invaded south; their Prince of Wuchang advanced on Qing Province. Tian was sent to relieve Dongyang and, with chief of staff Pang Xiuzhi of the state-supporting army and administrator of Qi commandery, held the city in a resolute defense. Xiao Bin sent Qing provincial attendant Xie Rongzhi with Yuan Huzhi to relieve Tian and the others; they entered along the southern hills. The enemy came each morning to threaten the city and withdrew each evening. The defenders then sent chariots out the north gate, ringed the moat with camps, and offered battle; the enemy did not dare close in. After five days they moved east, raiding Qinghe commandery and thousands of households south of the post road, then passed through Dong'an and Dongguan toward Xiapi. Xiapi administrator Yuan Lang shut the city and held out, saving more than two thousand households. When the invaders withdrew, Tian was made General Who Pacifies the North and administrator of Shanyang. Skilled at governing the people, he achieved results in every office he held. When Emperor Xiaowu took the throne, Tian was transferred to inspector of Qing Province, retaining his general's rank. Soon he was also put in charge of military affairs in Dongguan and Dong'an of Xu Province. The next year he was also put in charge of Jizhou. Qi had suffered years of war and the people were exhausted; when Tian first took up frontier defense he promoted farming and sericulture, and within two or three years the region prospered again. By nature he was austere; though he often held high provincial office, his wife and children still knew hunger and cold—and the age praised him for it. He was promoted to General Who Supports the State.
17
孝建二年，遷督豫州軍事、寧朔將軍、豫州刺史。 明年，疾病徵還，於道卒，時年六十九。 死之日，家無遺財。 子實，南譙郡太守，早卒。
In the second year of Xiaojian (455) he was put in charge of military affairs in Yuzhou as General Who Pacifies the North and inspector of Yuzhou. The next year, recalled while ill, he died on the road at the age of sixty-nine. On the day he died his household had no property left. His son Shi, administrator of Nanqiao commandery, died young.
18
謨子元嗣，海陵、廣陵太守。 元嗣弟謙，太始初，以軍功歷軍校，官至輔國將軍、臨川內史。 永子坦，自巴西、梓潼遷梁、南秦二州刺史。 元嘉二十六年，為世祖鎮軍諮議參軍，與王玄謨圍滑臺不克，免官。 青州刺史蕭斌板行建威將軍、濟南、平原二郡太守，復攻確磝，敗退，下歷城。 蕭思話起義討元兇，假坦輔國將軍，為前鋒。 世祖至新亭，坦亦進克京城。 孝建初，為太子右衛率，寧朔將軍、徐州刺史。 大明元年，虜寇兗州，世祖遣太子衛率薛安都、新除東陽太守沈法系北討，至兗州，虜已去。 坦建議：「任榛亡命，屢犯邊民，軍出無功，宜因此翦撲。」 上從之。 亡命先已聞知，舉村逃走，安都與法系坐白衣領職，坦棄市。 群臣為之請，莫能得。 將行刑，始興公沈慶之入市抱坦慟哭曰：「卿無罪，為朝廷所枉誅，我入市亦當不久。」 市官以白上，乃原生命，繫尚方。 尋被宥，復為驍騎將軍，病卒。
Mo's son Yuansi served as administrator of Hailing and Guangling. Yuansi's younger brother Qian, at the start of Taishi, rose through military ranks for merit to General Who Supports the State and interior administrator of Linchuan. Yong's son Tan was transferred from Baxi and Zitong to inspector of Liang and Nanqin. In the twenty-sixth year of Yuanjia (449) he was consulting aide on the heir's pacification army staff; he joined Wang Xuanmo in besieging Huatai without success and was dismissed. Qing inspector Xiao Bin appointed him acting General Who Establishes Prestige and administrator of Jinan and Pingyuan; he attacked Que'ao again, was routed, and withdrew to Licheng. When Xiao Sihua rose to punish the usurper, Tan was provisionally made General Who Supports the State and led the vanguard. When the heir reached Xinting, Tan also advanced and captured the capital. At the start of Xiaojian he was right commandant of the heir's guard, General Who Pacifies the North, and inspector of Xuzhou. In the first year of Daming (457) the barbarians raided Yanzhou; Emperor Xiaowu sent commandant of the guard Xue Andu and the newly appointed Dongyang administrator Shen Faxing north; by the time they reached Yanzhou the enemy was gone. Tan proposed: "The Renzhen outlaws have repeatedly raided the border; the campaign achieved nothing—we should use this chance to wipe them out." The Emperor agreed. The outlaws had already heard and whole villages fled; Andu and Faxing were demoted to commoners while retaining office, and Tan was executed in the marketplace. Ministers pleaded for him in vain. As execution neared, Duke of Shixing Shen Qingzhi entered the market, embraced Tan, and wept: "You are innocent, wrongly killed by the court—I too shall soon enter this market." The market official reported this to the emperor, who spared Tan's life and imprisoned him in the Imperial Workshops. Soon pardoned, he was restored as General of Valiant Cavalry and died of illness.
19
子令孫，前廢帝景和中，為永嘉王子仁左軍司馬、廣陵太守。 太宗以為寧朔將軍、徐州刺史，討薛安都。 行至淮陽，即與安都合。 弟闡，時為濟陰太守，戍睢陵城，奉順不同安都，安都攻圍不能克。 會令孫至，遣往睢陵令說闡降，闡既降，殺之，令孫亦見殺。 先是，清河崔諲亦以將吏見知高祖，永初末，為振威將軍、東萊太守。 少帝初，亡命司馬靈期、司馬順之千餘人圍東萊，諲擊之，斬靈期等三十級。 太祖元嘉中，至青州刺史。
His son Lingsun, in the Jinghe era under the Former Deposed Emperor, was chief of staff to the left army under Prince of Yongjia Liu Ziren and administrator of Guangling. Emperor Ming made him General Who Pacifies the North and inspector of Xuzhou to campaign against Xue Andu. When he reached Huaiyang he immediately joined Andu. His younger brother Chan, then administrator of Jiyin, held Suiling city, remained loyal and refused to join Andu, and Andu could not take him by siege. When Lingsun arrived he sent envoys to persuade Chan to surrender; once Chan surrendered he killed him, and Lingsun was killed as well. Earlier, Cui Yin of Qinghe had also been known to the Founding Emperor as a military officer; at the end of Yongchu he was General Who Quells Martial Prestige and administrator of Donglai. At the start of Emperor Shao's reign, over a thousand outlaws under Sima Lingqi and Sima Shunzhi besieged Donglai; Yin attacked them and beheaded Lingqi and thirty others. Under Emperor Wen in the Yuanjia era he rose to inspector of Qing Province.
20
史臣曰：漢之良吏，居官者或長子孫，孫、曹之世，善職者亦二三十載，皆敷政以盡民和，興讓以存簡久。 及晚代風烈漸衰，非才有起伏，蓋所遭之時異也。 劉道產之在漢南，歷年逾十，惠化流於樊沔，頗有前世遺風，故能樹績垂名，斯為美矣！
The historian writes: Among Han's good officials, some held office long enough to see sons and grandsons grow up; in the Sun and Cao eras capable men also served twenty or thirty years, spreading good governance to harmonize the people and promoting modesty to preserve lasting simplicity. By later ages moral stature had gradually waned; it was not that talent waxed and waned, but that the times men lived in were different. Liu Daochan's tenure south of the Han lasted more than ten years; his kindness spread through Fan and Mian, preserving much of an earlier age's spirit—so he could build lasting achievement and renown. This is truly admirable!