Volume 67 Biographies 27: Xie Lingyun

1

列傳第二十七謝靈運

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謝靈運，陳郡陽夏人也。祖玄，晉車騎將軍。父瑍，生而不慧，為秘書郎，蚤亡。靈運幼便穎悟，玄甚異之，謂親知曰：「我乃生瑍，瑍那得生靈運！」

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3

靈運少好學，博覽群書，文章之美，江左莫逮。從叔混特知愛之，襲封康樂公，食邑三千戶。以國公例，除員外散騎侍郎，不就。為琅邪王大司馬行參軍。性奢豪，車服鮮麗，衣裳器物，多改舊制，世共宗之，咸稱謝康樂也。撫軍將軍劉毅鎮姑孰，以為記室參軍。毅鎮江陵，又以為衛軍從事中郎。毅伏誅，高祖版為太尉參軍，入為秘書丞，坐事免。

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4

高祖伐長安，驃騎將軍道憐居守，版為諮議參軍，轉中書侍郎，又為世子中軍諮議，黃門侍郎。奉使慰勞高祖於彭城，作《撰征賦》。其序曰：

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5

蓋聞昏明殊位，貞晦異道，雖景度回革，亂多治寡，是故升平難於恆運，剝喪易以橫流。皇晉□□河汾，來遷吳楚，數歷九世，年逾十紀，西秦無一援之望，東周有三辱之憤，可謂積禍纏釁，固以久矣。況乃陵塋幽翳，情敬莫遂，日月推薄，帝心彌遠。慶靈將升，時來不爽，相國宋公，得一居貞，回乾運軸，內匡寰表，外清遐陬。每以區宇未統，側席盈慮。值天祚攸興，昧弱授機，龜筮元謀，符瑞景徵。於是仰祗俯協，順天從兆，興止戈之師，躬暫勞之討。以義熙十有二年五月丁酉，敬戒九伐，申命六軍，治兵于京畿，次師于汳上。靈檣千艘，靁輜萬乘，羽騎盈途，飛旍蔽日。別命群帥，誨謨惠策，法奇於《三略》，義秘於《六韜》。所以鉤棘未曜，殞前禽於金墉，威弧始彀，走鈒隼於滑臺。曾不踰月，二方獻捷。宏功懋德，獨絕古今。天子感《東山》之劬勞，慶格天之光大，明發興於鑒寐，使臣遵于原隰。余攝官承乏，謬充殊役，《皇華》愧於先《雅》，靡盬顇於征人。以仲冬就行，分春反命。塗經九守，路踰千里。沿江亂淮，溯薄泗、汳，詳觀城邑，周覽丘墳，眷言古跡，其懷已多。昔皇祖作藩，受命淮、徐，道固苞桑，勳由仁積。年月多歷，市朝已改，永為洪業，纏懷清曆。於是釆訪故老，尋履往跡，而遠感深慨，痛心殞涕。遂寫集聞見，作賦《撰征》，俾事運遷謝，託此不朽。其詞曰：

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6

系烈山之洪緒，承火正之明光。立熙載於唐后，申譖事於周王。疇庸命而順位，錫寶珪以徹疆。歷尚代而平顯，降中葉以繁昌。業服道而德徽，風行世而化揚。投前蹤以永冀，省輶質以遠傷。睽謀始於蓍蔡，違用舍於行藏。

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7

庇常善之罔棄，憑曲成之不遺。昭在幽而偕煦，賞彌久而愈私。顧晚草之薄弱，仰青春之葳蕤。引蔓穎於松上，擢纖枝於蘭逵。施隆貸而有渥，報涓塵而無期。歡太階之休明，穆皇道之緝熙。

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8

惟王建國，辨方定隅，內外既正，華夷有殊。惟昔《小雅》，逮于班書，戎蠻孔熾，是殛是誅。所以宣王用棘於獫狁，高帝方事於匈奴。然侵鎬至涇，自塞及平。闚郊伺鄙，□□□□。慕攜王之矯處，階喪亂之未寧。竊彊秦之三輔，陷隆周之兩京。雄崤、澠以制險，據繞霤而作扃。家永懷於故壤，國願言於先塋。俟太平之曠期，屬應運之聖明。坤寄通於四瀆，乾假照於三辰。水潤土以顯比，火炎天而同人。惟上相之叡哲，當草昧而經綸。總九流以貞觀，協五才而平分。時來之機，悟先於介石，納隍之誡，一援於生民。龜筮允臧，人鬼同情。順天行誅，司典詳刑。樹牙選徒，秉鉞抗旍。弧矢罄楚孝之心智，戈棘單吳子之精靈。

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9

迅三翼以魚麗，襄兩服以雁逝。陣未列於都甸，威已振於秦、薊。灑嚴霜於渭城，被和風於洛汭。就終古以比猷，考墳冊而莫契。昔西怨於東徂，今北伐而南悲。豈朝野之恆情，動萬乘之幽思。歌零雨於《豳風》，興《采薇》於周詩。慶金墉之凱定，眷戎車之遷時。佇千里而感遠，涉弦望而懷期。詔微臣以勞問，奉王命於河湄。夕飲餞以俶裝，旦出宿而言辭。歲既晏而繁慮，日將邁而戀乖。闕敬恭於桑梓，謝履長於庭階。冒沈雲之晻藹，迎素雪之紛霏。淩結湍而凝清，風矜籟以揚哀。情在本而易阜，物雖末而難懷。眷余勤以就路，苦憂來其城頹。

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10

爾乃經雉門，啟浮梁，眺鍾巖，越查塘。覽永嘉之紊維，尋建武之緝綱。于時內慢神器，外侮戎狄。君子橫流，庶萌分析。主晉有祀，福祿來格。明兩降覽，三七辭厄。元誕德以膺緯，肇回光於陽宅。明思服於下武，興繼代以消逆。簡文因心以秉道，故沖用而刑廢。孝武捨己以杖賢，亦寧外而治內。觀日化而就損，庶雍熙之可對。閔隆安之致寇，傷龜玉之毀碎。漏妖凶於滄洲，纏釁難而盈紀。時焉依於晉、鄭，國有蹙於百里。賴英謨之經營，弘兼濟以忘己。主寰內而緩虞，澄海外以漬滓。至如昏祲蔽景，鼎祚傾基。《黍離》有歎，《鴻雁》無期。瞻天命之貞符，秉順動而履機。率駿民之思效，普邦國而同歸。蕩積霾之穢氛，啟披陰之光暉。反平陵之杳藹，復七廟之依俙。務役簡而農勸，每勞賞而忠甄。燮時雍於祖宗，□□□□□□。掃逋醜於漢渚，滌僭逆於岷山。羈巢處於西木，引鼻飲於源淵。惠要襋而思韙，援冠弁而來處。

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視冶城而北屬，懷文獻之收揚。匪元首之康哉，孰股肱之惟良。譬觀曲而識節，似綴組以成章。業彌纏而彌微，事愈有而莫傷。次石頭之雙岸，究孫氏之初基。幸漢庶之漏網，憑江介以抗維。初鵲起於富春，果鯨躍於川湄。匝三世而國盛，歷五偽而宗夷。察成敗之相仍，猶脣亡而齒寒。載十二而謂紀，豈蜀滅而吳安。眾咸昧於謀兆，羊獨悟於理端。請廣武以誨情，樹襄陽以作藩。拾建業其如遺，沿萬里而誰難。疾魯荒之詖辭，惡京陵之譖言。責當朝之憚貶，對曩籍而興歎。

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12

敦怙寵而判違，敵既勍而國圮。彼問鼎而何階，必先賊於君子。原性分之異託，雖殊塗而歸美。或卷舒以愚智，或治亂其如矢。謝昧跡而託規，卒安身以全里。周顯節而犯逆，抱正情而喪己。

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13

薄四望而尤眄，歎王路之中鯁。蠢干越之妖燼，敢淩蹈於五嶺。崩雙嶽於中流，擬凶威於荊郢。隱雷霆於帝坐，飛芒鏃於宮省。于時朝有遷都之議，人無守死之志。師旅痛於久勤，城墉闕於素備。安危勢在不侔，眾寡形於見事。於赫淵謀，研其神策。緩轡待機，追奔躡跡。遇雷池而振曜，次彭蠡而殲滌。穆京甸以清晏，撤多壘而寧役。

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14

造白石之祠壇，懟二豎之無君。踐掖庭以幽辱，凌祧社而火焚。愍文康之罪己，嘉忠武之立勳。道有屈於災蝕，功無謝於如仁。訊落星之饗旅，索舊棲於吳餘。跡階戺而不見，橫榛卉以荒除。彼生成之樂辰，亦猶今之在余。慨齊吟於爽鳩，悲唐歌於《山樞》。

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15

弔偽孫於徐首，率君臣以奉疆。時運師以伐罪，偏投書於武王。迄西北之落紐，乏東南以振綱。誠鉅平之先覺，實中興之後祥。據左史之攸徵，胡影跡之可量。過江乘而責始，知遇雄之無謀。厭紫微之宏凱，甘陵波而遠遊。越雲夢而南泝，臨浙河而東浮。彀連弩於川上，候蛟龍於中流。

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16

爰薄方與，迺屆歐陽。入夫江都之域，次乎廣陵之鄉。易千里之曼曼，泝江流之湯湯。洊赤圻以經復，越二門而起漲。眷北路以興思，看東山而怡目。林叢薄，路逶迤，石參差，山盤曲。水激瀨而駿奔，日映石而知旭。審兼照之無偏，怨歸流之難濯。羨輕魵之涵泳，觀翔鷗之落啄。在飛沈其順從，顧微躬而緬邈。

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17

於是抑懷蕩慮，揚搉易難。利涉以吉，天險以艱。于敵伊阻，在國斯便。勾踐行霸於琅邪，夫差爭長於黃川。葛相發歎而思正，曹后愧心於千魂。登高堞以詳覽，知吳濞之衰盛。戒東南之逆氣，成劉后之駴聖。藉鹽鐵之殷阜，臨淮楚之剽輕。盛几杖而弭心，怒抵局而遂爭。忿爰盎之扶禍，惜徒傷於家令。匪條侯之忠毅，將七國之陵正。褒漢藩之治民，竝訪賢以招明。侯文辨其誰在，曰鄒陽與枚生。據忠辭於吳朝，執義說於梁庭。敷高才於兔園，雖正言而免刑。闕里既已千載，深儒流於末學。欽仲舒之睟容，遵縫掖於前躅。對園囿而不闚，下帷幕而論屬。相端、非之兩驕，遭弘、偃之雙慝。恨有道之無時，步險塗以側足。

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18

聞宣武之大閱，反師旅於此廛。自皇運之都東，始昌業以濟難。抗素旄於秦嶺，揚朱旗於巴川。懼帝系之墜緒，故黜昏而崇賢。嘉收功以垂世，嗟在嗣而覆旃。德非陟而繼宰，釁踰禹其必顛。

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19

造步丘而長想，欽太傅之遺武。思嘉遁之餘風，紹素履之落緒。民志應而願稅，國屯難而思撫。譬乘舟之待楫，象提釣之假縷。揔出入於和就，兼仁用於默語。弘九流以拮四維，復先陵而清舊宇。卻西州之成功，指東山之歸予。惜圖南之啟運，恨鵬翼之未舉。

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發津潭而迥邁，逗白馬以憩舲。貫射陽而望邗溝，濟通淮而薄甬城。城坡陁兮淮驚波，平原遠兮路交過。面艽野兮悲橋梓，遡急流兮苦磧沙。夐千里而無山，緬百谷而有居。被宿莽以迷徑，睹生煙而知墟。 □□□□□□，謂信美其可娛。身少長於樂土，實長歎於荒餘。 □□□□具瘁，值歲寒之窮節。視層雲之崔巍，聆悲飆之掩屑。彌晝夜以滯淫，怨凝陰之方結。望新晴於落日，起明光於躋月。眷轉蓬之辭根，悼朔雁之赴越。披微物而疚情，此思心其可說。問傜役其幾時，駭閱景於興沒。感曰歸於《采薇》，子來思於雨雪。豈初征之懼對，冀鸛鳴之在垤。

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□□□□踰宿，騖吾楫於邳鄉。奚車正以事夏，虺左相以輔湯。綿三代而享邑，廁踐土之一匡。嗟仲幾之寵侮，遂捨存以徵亡。喜薛宰之善對，美士彌之能綱。升曲垣之逶迤，訪淮陰之所都。原入跨之達恥，俟遭時以遠圖。捨西楚以擇木，迨南漢以定謨。亂孟津而魏滅，攀井陘而趙徂。播靈威於齊橫，振餘猛於龍且。觀讓通而告豨，曷始智而終愚。

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迄沂上而停枻，登高圯而不進。石幽期而知賢，張揣景而示信。本文成之素心，要王子於雲仞。豈無累於清霄，直有槩於貞吝。始熙績於武關，卒敷功於皇胤。處夷險以解挫，弘憂虞以時順。矜、華之翳晷，哀飛驂之落駿。傷粒食而興念，眷逸翮而思振。

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23

戾臣山而東顧，美相公之前代。嗟殘虜之將糜，熾餘猋於海濟。驅鮐稚於淮曲，暴鰥孤於泗澨。託未命□□雲，冀靈武之北閱。惟授首之在晨，當盛暑而選徒。肅嚴威以振響，漸溫澤而沾腴。既雲撤於朐城，遂席捲於齊都。曩四關其奚阻，道一變而是孚。

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24

傷炎季之崩弛，長逆布以滔天。假父子以詐愛，借兄弟以偽恩。相魏武以譎狂，宄謨奮於東藩。桴未譟於東郭，身已馘於樓門。審貢牧於前說，證所作於舊徐。聆泗川之浮磬，翫夷水之蠙珠。草漸苞於熾壤，桐孤幹於嶧隅。慨禹跡於尚世，惠遺文於《夏書》。

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紛征邁之淹留，彌懷古於舊章。商伯文於故服，咸徵名於彭、殤。眺靈壁之曾峰，投呂縣之迅梁。想蹈水之行歌，雖齊汩其何傷。啟仲尼之嘉問，告性命以依方。豈苟然於迂論，聆寓言於達莊。

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26

於是濫石橋，登戲臺。策馬釣渚，息轡城隅。永感四山，零淚雙渠。怨物華之推驛，慨舟壑之遞遷。謂徂歲之悠闊，結幽思之方根。感皇祖之徽德，爰識沖而量淵。降俊明以鏡鑒，回風猷以昭宣。道既底於國難，惠有覃於黎元。士頌歌於政教，民謠詠於渥恩。兼《采芑》之致美，協《漢廣》之發言。彊虎氐之搏翼，灟雲網於所禁。驅黔萌以蘊崇，取園陵而湮沈。錫殘落於河西，序淪胥於漢陰。攻方城而折扃，擾譙潁其誰任。世闕才而貽亂，時得賢而興治。救祖考之邦壤，在幽人而枉志。體飛書之遠情，悟犒師之通識。迨明達之高覽，契古今而同事。拔淵謨於潛機，騁神鋒於雲斾。驅斥澤而風靡，蹙坑谷而鳥竄。中華免夫左衽，江表此焉緩帶。既克黜於肥六，又作鎮於彭沛。晏皇塗於國內，震天威於河外。掃東齊而已寧，指西崤而將泰。值秉均而代謝，實大業之興廢。心無忝於樂生，事有像於燕惠。抱明哲之不伐，奉宏勳而是稅。捐七州以爰來，歸五湖以投袂。屈盛績於平生，申遠期於暮歲。

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27

訪曩載於宋鄙，採《陽秋》於魯經。晉申好於東吳，鄭憑威於南荊。故反師於曹門，將以塞於夷庚。納五叛以長寇，伐三邑以侵彭。美西鋤之忠辭，快韓厥之奇兵。追項王之故臺，跡霸楚之遺端。挺宏志於總角，奮英勢於弱冠。氣蓋天而倒日，力拔山而傾湍。始飆起於勾越，中電激於衡關。興偏慮於攸吝，忘即易於所難。忌陳錦而莫照，思反鄉而有歎。且夫殺義害嬰，而[忄戛]豐疑，緤賢不策，失位誰持。迨理屈而愈閉，方怨天而懷悲。對駿騅以發憤，傷虞姝於末詞。陟亞父之故營，諒謀始之非託。遭衰嬴之崩綱，值威炎之結絡。迄皓首於阜陵，猶謬覺於然諾。視一人於三傑，豈在己之庸弱。置豐沛而不舉，故自同於俎鑊。

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28

發卞口而遊歷，迄西山而弭轡。觀終古之幽憤，懷元王之沖粹。丁戰國之權爭，方恬心於道肆。學浮丘以就德，友三儒以成類。潔流始於初源，累仁基於前美。撥楚族之休烈，傳芳素於來祀。彊見譽於清虛，德致稱於千里。或避寵以辭姻，或遺榮而不仕。政直言以安身，駿絕才以喪己。驅通道之成終，表昧世之虧始。悟介焉之已差，則不俟於終日。既防萌於未著，雖念德其何益。

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29

爾乃孟陬發節，雷隱蟄驚。散葉荑柯，芳蘤飾萌。麥萋萋於旄丘，柳依依於高城。相雎鳩之集河，觀鳴鹿之食苹。沂泗遠兮清川急，秋冬近兮緒風襲。風流蕙兮水增瀾，訴愁衿兮鑒戚顏。愁盈根而蕰際，戚發條而成端。嗟我行之彌日，待征邁而言旋。荷慶雲之優渥，周雙七於此年。陶逸豫於京甸，違險難於行川。轉歸弦而眷戀，望脩檣而流漣。願關鄴之遄清，遲華鑾之凱旋。穆淳風於六合，溥洪澤於八埏。頒賢愚於大小，順規矩於方圓。固四民之獲所，宜稅稷於萊田。苦邯鄲之難步，庶行迷之易痊。長守樸以終稔，亦拙者之政焉。

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靈運父祖竝葬始寧縣，并有故宅及墅，遂移籍會稽，脩營別業，傍山帶江，盡幽居之美。與隱士王弘之、孔淳之等縱放為娛，有終焉之志。每有一詩至都邑，貴賤莫不競寫，宿昔之間，士庶皆徧，遠近欽慕，名動京師。作《山居賦》并自注，以言其事。曰：

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31

古巢居穴處曰岩棲，棟宇居山曰山居，在林野曰丘園，在郊郭曰城傍，四者不同，可以理推。言心也，黃屋實不殊於汾陽；即事也，山居良有異乎市廛。抱疾就閑，順從性情，敢率所樂，而以作賦。揚子雲云：「詩人之賦麗以則。」文體宜兼，以成其美。今所賦既非京都宮觀、遊獵聲色之盛，而敘山野草木、水石穀稼之事，才乏昔人，心放俗外，詠於文則可勉而就之，求麗邈以遠矣。覽者廢張、左之豔辭，尋臺、皓之深意，去飾取素，儻值其心耳。意實言表，而書不盡，遺跡索意，託之有賞。其辭曰：

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32

謝子臥疾山頂，覽古人遺書，與其意合，悠然而笑曰：夫道可重，故物為輕；理宜存，故事斯忘。古今不能革，質文咸其常。合宮非縉雲之館，衢室豈放勳之堂。邁深心於鼎湖，送高情於汾陽。嗟文成之卻粒，願追松以遠遊。嘉陶朱之鼓棹，乃語種以免憂。判身名之有辨，權榮素其無留。孰如牽犬之路既寡，聽鶴之途何由哉！〈理以相得為適，古人遺書，與其意合，所以為笑。孫權亦謂周瑜「公瑾與孤意合」。夫能重道則輕物，存理則忘事，古今質文可謂不同，而此處不異。縉雲、放勳不以天居為所樂，故合宮、衢室，皆非淹留，鼎湖、汾陽，乃是所居。文成，張良。卻粒棄人間事，從赤松子遊。陶朱，范蠡。臨去之際，亦語文種云云。謂二賢既權榮素，故身名有判也。牽犬，李斯之歎；聽鶴，陸機領成都眾大敗後，云「思聞華亭鶴唳，不可復得」。〉

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若夫巢穴以風露貽患，則《大壯》以棟宇袪弊；宮室以瑤琁致美，則白賁以丘園殊世。惟上□於岩壑，幸兼善而罔滯。雖非市朝而寒暑均和，雖是築構而餝朴兩逝。〈《易》云，上古穴居野處，後世聖人易之以宮室，上棟下宇，以蔽風雨，蓋取諸《大壯》。琁堂自是素，故曰白賁最是上爻也。此堂世異矣。謂岩壑道深於丘園，而不為巢穴，斯免□□得寒暑之適，雖是築構，無妨非朝市云云。〉

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昔仲長願言，流水高山；應璩作書，邙阜洛川。勢有偏側，地闕周員。銅陵之奧，卓氏充釽摫之端；金谷之麗，石子致音徽之觀。徒形域之薈蔚，惜事異於棲盤。至若鳳、叢二臺，雲夢、青丘，漳渠、淇園，橘林、長洲，雖千乘之珍苑，孰嘉遁之所遊。且山川之未備，亦何議於兼求。〈仲長子云：「欲使居有良田廣宅，在高山流川之畔。溝池自環，竹木周布，場囿在前，果園在後。」應璩與程文信書云：「故求道田，在關之西，南臨洛水，北據邙山，託崇岫以為宅，因茂林以為廕。」謂二家山居，不得周員之美。揚雄《蜀都賦》云：「銅陵衍。」卓王孫採山鑄銅，故《漢書•貨殖傳》云：「卓氏之臨邛，公擅山川。」揚雄《方言》：「梁、益之間裁木為器曰釽，裂帛為衣曰摫。」金谷，石季倫之別廬，在河南界，有山川林木池沼水碓。其鎮下邳時，過遊賦詩，一代盛集。謂二地雖珍麗，然制作非棲盤之意也。鳳臺，秦穆公時秦女所居，以致簫史。叢臺，趙之崇館。張衡謂趙築叢臺於前，楚建章華於後。楚之雲夢，大中□居《長飲賦》：楚靈王遊雲夢之中，息於荊臺之上。前方淮之水，左洞庭之波，右顧彭蠡之濤，南望巫山之阿，遂造章華之台。亦見諸史。淮南青丘，齊之海外，皆獵所。司馬相如云：「秋田乎青丘，彷徨乎海外。」漳渠，史起為魏文侯所起，溉水之所。淇園，衛之竹園，在淇水之澳，詩人所載。橘林，蜀之園林，揚子雲《蜀都賦》亦云橘林。左太沖謂戶有橘柚之園。長洲，吳之苑囿，左亦謂長洲之茂苑，因江海洲渚以為苑囿□。 □□□□□□□□故□表此園之珍靜。千乘宴嬉之所，非□□憩止之□，且山川亦不能兼茂，隨地勢所遇耳。〉

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覽明達之撫運，乘機緘而理默。指歲暮而歸休，詠宏徽於刊勒。狹三閭之喪江，矜望諸之去國。選自然之神麗，盡高棲之意得。〈余祖車騎建大功淮、肥，江左得免橫流之禍。後及太傅既薨，建圖已輟，於是便求解駕東歸，以避君側之亂。廢興隱顯，當是賢達之心，故選神麗之所，以申高棲之意。經始山川，實基於此。〉

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仰前哲之遺訓，俯性情之所便。奉微軀以宴息，保自事以乘閑。愧班生之夙悟，慚尚子之晚研。年與疾而偕來，志乘拙而俱旋。謝平生於知遊，棲清曠於山川。〈謂經始此山，遺訓於後也。性情各有所便，山居是其宜也。《易》云：「向晦入宴息。」莊周云：「自事其心。」此二是其所處。班嗣本不染世，故曰夙悟；尚平未能去累，故曰晚研。想遲二人，更以年衰疾至。志寡求拙曰乘，並可山居。曰與知遊別，故曰謝平生；就山川，故曰棲清曠。〉

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其居也，左湖右江，往渚還汀。面山背阜，東阻西傾。抱含吸吐，款跨紆縈。綿聯邪亙，側直齊平。〈枚乘曰：「左江右湖，其樂無有。」此吳客說楚公子之詞。當謂江都之野，彼雖有江湖而乏山巖，此憶江湖左右與之同，而山嶽形勢，池城所無也。往渚還汀，謂四面有水；面山背阜，亦謂東西有山，便是四水之裏也。抱含吐吸，謂中央復有川。款跨紆縈，謂邊背相連帶。迂回處謂之邪亙，平正處謂之側直。〉

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38

近東則上田、下湖，西豁、南谷，石堟、石滂，閔硎、黃竹。決飛泉於百仞，森高薄於千麓。寫長源於遠江，泒深毖於近瀆。〈上田在下湖之水口，名為田口。下湖在田之下下處，並有名山川。西谿、南谷分流，谷鄣水畎入田口。西谿水出始寧縣西谷鄣，是近山之最高峰者，西谿便是□之背。入西谿之裏，得石堟，以石為阻，故謂為堟。石滂在西谿之東，從縣南入九里，兩面峻峭數十丈，水自上飛下。比至外谿，封墱十數里，皆飛流迅激，左右岩壁綠竹。閔硎，在石滂之東谿，逶迤下注良田。黃竹與其連，南界莆中也。〉

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近南則會以雙流，縈以三洲。表裏回游，離合山川。崿崩飛於東峭，槃傍薄於西阡。拂青林而激波，揮白沙而生漣。〈雙流，謂剡江及小江，此二水同會于山南，便合流注下。三洲在二水之口，排沙積岸，成此洲漲。表裏合，是其貌狀也。崿者，謂回江岑，在其山居之南界，有石跳出，將崩江中，行者莫不駭慄。槃者，是縣故治之所，在江之□□用槃石竟渚，並帶青林而連白沙也。〉

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40

近西則楊、賓接峰，唐皇連縱。室、壁帶谿，曾、孤臨江。竹緣浦以被綠，石照澗而映紅。月隱山而成陰，木鳴柯以起風。〈楊中、元賓，並小江之近處，與山相接也。唐皇便從北出。室，石室，在小江口南岸。壁，小江北岸。並在楊中之下。壁高四十丈，色赤，故曰照澗而映紅。曾山之西，孤山之南，王子所經始，並臨江，皆被以綠竹。山高月隱，便謂為陰；鳥集柯嗚，便謂為風也。〉

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近北則二巫結湖，兩軿通沼。橫、石判盡，休、周分表。引脩堤之逶迤，吐泉流之浩溔。山磯下而回澤，瀨石上而開道。〈大小巫湖，中隔一山。外軿周回，在圻西北。邊浦出江，竝是美處。義熙中，王穆之居大巫湖，經始處所猶在。兩軿皆長溪，外軿出山之後四五里許，裏軿亦隔一山，出新堟。橫山，野舍之北面。常石，野舍之西北。巫湖舊唐，故曰脩堤。長谿甚遠，故曰泉流。常石磯□□□□故曰下磯而回澤。裏軿漫石數里，水從上過，故曰瀨石上而開道。休山東北，周里山在休之南，竝是北邊。〉

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42

遠東則天台、桐柏，方石、太平，二韭、四明，五奧、三菁。表神異於緯牒，驗感應于於靈。淩石橋之莓苔，越楢谿之紆縈。〈天台、桐柏，七縣餘地，南帶海。二韭、四明、五奧，皆相連接，奇地所無，高於五嶽，便是海中三山之流。韭以菜為名。四明、方石，四面自然開窗也。五奧者，曇濟道人、蔡氏、郗氏、謝氏、陳氏各有一奧，皆相掎角，並是奇地。三菁，太平之北。太平，天台之始。方石，直上萬丈，下有長谿，亦是縉雲之流云。此諸山並見圖緯，神仙所居。往來要徑石橋，過楢谿，人跡之艱，不復過此也。〉

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43

遠南則松箴、棲雞，唐嵫、漫石。崪、嵊對嶺，釐、孟分隔。入極浦而邅回，迷不知其所適。上嶔崎而蒙籠，下深沉而澆激。〈棲雞，在保口之上，別浦入其中，周回甚深，四山之裏。松箴在棲雞之上，緣江。唐嵫入太平水路，上有瀑布數百丈。漫石在唐嵫下，郗景興經始精舍，亦是名山之流。崪、嵊與分界，去山八十里，故曰遠南。前嶺鳥道，正當五十里高，左右所無，就下地形高，乃當不稱。遠望釐山甚奇，謂白爍尖者最高，下有良田，王敬弘經始精舍。曇濟道人住孟山，名曰孟埭，羊署之疁田。清溪秀竹，回開巨石，有趣之極。此中多諸浦澗，傍依茂林，迷不知所通，嶔崎深沉，處處皆然，不但一處。〉

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44

遠西則〈下闕〉。遠北則長江永歸，巨海延納。崐漲緬曠，島嶼綢沓。山縱橫以布護，水回沉而縈浥。信荒極之綿眇，究風波之睽合。〈江從山北流，窮上虞界，謂之三江口，便是大海。老子謂海為百谷王，以其善處下也。海人謂孤山為崐。薄洲有山，謂之島嶼，即洲也。漲者，沙始起將欲成嶼，縱橫無常，於一處回沉相縈擾也。大荒東極，故為荒極。風波不恆，為睽合也。〉

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45

徒觀其南術之□，□□生磯，□□成衍。 □岸測深，相渚知淺。洪濤滿則曾石沒，清瀾減則沉沙顯。及風興濤作，水勢奔壯。于歲春秋，在月朔望。湯湯驚波，滔滔駭浪。電激雷崩，飛流灑漾。淩絕壁而起岑，橫中流而連薄。始迅轉而騰天，終倒底而見壑。此楚貳心醉於吳客，河靈懷慚於海若。〈南術是其臨江舊宅，門前對江，三轉曾山，路窮四江，對岸西面常石。此二山之間，西南角岸孤山，此二山皆是狹處，故曰生磯。勇門以南上便大閬，故曰成衍。岸高測深，渚下知淺也。江中有孤石沉沙，隨水增減，春秋朔望，是其盛時。故枚乘云，楚太子有疾，吳客問之，舉秋濤之美，得以瘳病。太子，國之儲貳，故曰楚貳。河靈，河伯居河，所謂河靈。懼於海若，事見莊周《秋水篇》。〉

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46

爾其舊居，曩宅今園，枌□□槿尚援，基井具存。曲術周乎前後，直陌矗其東西。豈伊臨谿而傍沼，迺抱阜而帶山。考封域之靈異，實茲境之最然。葺駢梁於巖麓，棲孤棟於江源。敞南戶以對遠嶺，闢東窗以矚近田。田連岡而盈疇，嶺枕水而通阡。〈葺室在宅裏山之東麓。東窗矚田，兼見江山之美。三間故謂之駢梁。門前一棟，枕磯上，存江之嶺，南對江上遠嶺。此二館屬望，殆無優劣也。〉

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47

阡陌縱橫，塍埒交經。導渠引流，脈散溝并。蔚蔚豐秫，苾苾香秔。送夏蚤秀，迎秋晚成。兼有陵陸，麻麥粟菽。候時覘節，遞藝遞孰。供粒食與漿飲，謝工商與衡牧。生何待於多資，理取足於滿腹。〈許由云：「偃鼠飲河，不過滿腹。」謂人生食足，則歡有餘，何待多須邪？工商衡牧，似多須者，若少私寡欲，充命則足。但非田無以立耳。〉

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48

自園之田，自田之湖。氾濫川上，緬邈水區。濬潭澗而窈窕，除菰洲之紆餘。毖溫泉於春流，馳寒波而秋徂。風生浪於蘭渚，日倒景於椒塗。飛漸榭於中沚，取水月之歡娛。旦延陰而物清，夕棲芬而氣敷。顧情交之永絕，覬雲客之暫如。〈此皆湖中之美，但患言不盡意，萬不寫一耳。諸澗出源入湖，故曰濬潭澗。澗長是以窈窕。除菰以作洲，言所以紆餘也。〉

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49

水草則萍藻蕰菼，雚蒲芹蓀，蒹菰蘋蘩，蕝荇菱蓮。雖備物之偕美，獨扶渠之華鮮。播綠葉之鬱茂，含紅敷之繽翻。怨清香之難留，矜盛容之易闌。必充給而後搴，豈蕙草之空殘。卷《敂弦》之逸曲，感《江南》之哀歎。秦箏倡而溯游往，《唐上》奏而舊愛還。〈搴出《離騷》。《叩弦》是《采菱歌》。《江南》是《相和曲》，云江南採蓮。秦箏倡《蒹茄篇》，《唐上》奏《蒲生》詩，皆感物致賦。魚藻蘋繁荇亦有詩人之詠，不復具敘。〉

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50

《本草》所載，山澤不一。靁、桐是別，和、緩是悉。參核六根，五華九實。二冬竝稱而殊性，三建異形而同出。水香送秋而擢蒨，林蘭近雪而揚猗。卷柏萬代而不殞，伏苓千歲而方知。映紅葩於綠蔕，茂素蕤於紫枝。既住年而增靈，亦驅妖而斥疵。〈《本草》所出藥處，於今不復依，隨土所生耳。此境出藥甚多，靁公、桐君，古之採藥。醫緩，古之良工，故曰別悉。參核者，雙核桃杏仁也。六根者，苟七根、五茄根、葛根、野葛根、□□根也。五華者，堇華、芫華、檖華、菊華、旋覆華也。九實者，連前實、槐實、柏實、兔絲實、女貞實、蛇床實、蔓荊實、蓼實、□□也。二冬者，天門、麥門冬。三建者，附子、天雄、烏頭。水香，蘭草。林蘭，支子。卷柏、伏苓，並皆仙物。凡此眾藥，事悉見於《神農》。〉

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51

其竹則二箭殊葉，四苦齊味。水石別谷，巨細各匯。既脩竦而便娟，亦蕭森而蓊蔚。露夕沾而悽陰，風朝振而清氣。捎玄雲以拂杪，臨碧潭而挺翠。蔑上林與淇澳，驗東南之所遺。企山陽之游踐，遲鸞鷖之棲託。憶昆園之悲調，慨伶倫之哀籥。衛女行而思歸詠，楚客放而防露作。〈二箭，一者苦箭，大葉；一者笄箭，細葉。四苦，青苦、白苦、紫苦、黃苦。水竹，依水生，甚細密，吳中以為宅援。石竹，本科叢大，以充屋榱，巨者竿挺之屬，細者無箐之流也。脩竦、便娟、蕭森、蓊蔚，皆竹貌也。上林，關中之禁苑，淇澳，衛地之竹園，方此皆不如。東南會稽之竹箭，唯此地最富焉。山陽，竹林之游；鸞鷖，棲食之所。昆山之竹任為笛，黃帝時，伶倫斬其厚均者吹之，為黃鐘之宮。衛女思歸，作《竹竿》之詩，楚人放逐，東方朔感江潭而作《七諫》。〉

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其木則松柏檀櫟，□□桐榆。檿柘穀棟，楸梓檉樗。剛柔性異，貞脆質殊。卑高沃塉，各隨所如。幹合抱以隱岑，杪千仞而排虛。夌岡上而喬竦，蔭澗下而扶疏。沿長谷以傾柯，攢積石以插衢。華映水而增光，氣結風而回敷。當嚴勁而蔥倩，承和煦而芬腴。送墜葉於秋晏，遲含萼於春初。〈皆木之類，選其美者載之。山脊曰岡。岡之間下，長谷積石，各隨其方。《離騷》云：「青春受謝。白日昭只。」《詩》云：「萼不韡韡」也。〉

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植物既載，動類亦繁。飛泳騁透，胡可根源。觀皃相音，備列山川。寒燠順節，隨宜匪敦。〈草、木、竹，植物。魚、鳥、獸、動物。獸有數種，有騰者，有走者。走者騁，騰者透。謂種類既繁，不可根源，但觀其貌狀，相其音聲，則知山川之好。興節隨宜，自然之數，非可敦戒也。〉

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54

魚則[魚憂]鱧鮒鱮，鱒鯇鰱鯿，魴鮪魦鱖，鱨鯉鯔鱣。輯采雜色，錦爛雲鮮。唼藻戲浪，汎苻流淵。或皷鰓而湍躍，或掉尾而波旋。鱸鮆乘時以入浦，鱤[魚迅]沿瀨以出泉。〈[魚憂]音優。鱧音禮。鮒音附。鱮音敘。鱒音寸袞反。鯇音皖。鰱音連。鯿音毖仙反。魴音房。鮪音痏。魦音沙。鱖音居綴反。鱨音上羊反。鯔音比之反。鱣音竹屳反。皆《說文》、《字林》音。《詩》云：「錦衾有爛。」故云錦爛。鱸鮆一時魚。鱤音感。 [魚迅]音迅。皆出谿中石上，恆以為翫。〉

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鳥則鵾鴻鶂鵠，鶖鷺鴇[相鳥]。雞鵲繡質，鶷鸐綬章。晨鳧朝集，時鷮山梁。海鳥違風，朔禽避涼。荑生歸北，霜降客南。接響雲漢，侶宿江潭。聆清哇以下聽，載王子而上參。薄回涉以弁翰，映明壑而自耽。〈鵾音昆。鴻音洪。鶂音溢。《左傳》云：「六鶂退飛」，字如此。鵠音下竺反。鶖音秋。鷺音路。鴇音保。 [相鳥]音相。唐公之馬，與此鳥色同，故謂為[相鳥]，音相。雞鵲鶷鸐，見張茂先《博物志》。鸐音翟，亦雉之美者，此四鳥竝美采質。鳧音符，野鴨也，常待晨而飛。鷮音已消反，長尾雉也。《論語》云：「山梁雌雉，時哉時哉！」海鳥爰居，臧文仲不知其鳥，以為神也。事見《左傳》。朔禽，雁也，寒月轉往衡陽。《禮記》，霜始降，雁來賓。歲莫云，雁北向。政是陽初生時，荑生歸北，霜降客南。山雞映水自玩其羽儀者。〉

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山上則猨[犭軍]貍貛，犴獌猰[犭盈]。山下則熊羆豺虎，羱鹿麕麖。擲飛枝於窮崖，踔空絕於深硎。蹲谷底而長嘯，攀木杪而哀鳴。〈猨音袁。 [犭軍]音魂。貍音力之反。貛音火丸反。犴音五懸反。獌音曼，似貛而長，狼之屬，一曰貙。猰音安黠反。 [犭盈]音弋生反，貍之黃黑者，一曰似[犭分]。豺音在皆反。羱音元，野羊大角。麕音鬼珉反。麖音京，能踔擲。虎長嘯，猿哀鳴，鳴聲可翫。〉

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緡綸不投，置羅不披。磻弋靡用，蹄筌誰施。鑒虎狼之有仁，傷遂欲之無崖。顧弱齡而涉道，悟好生之咸宜。率所由以及物，諒不遠之在斯。撫鷗[魚攸]而悅豫，杜機心於林池。〈八種皆是魚獵之具。自少不殺，至乎白首，故在山中，而此歡永廢。莊周云，虎狼仁獸，豈不父子相親。世云虎狼暴虐者，政以其如禽獸，而人物不自悟其毒害，而言虎狼可疾之甚，苟其遂欲，豈復崖限。自弱齡奉法，故得免殺生之事。苟此悟萬物好生之理。《易》云：「不遠復，無祇悔。」庶乘此得以入道。莊周云，海人有機心，鷗鳥舞而不下。今無害彼之心，各說豫於林池也。〉

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敬承聖誥，恭窺前經。山野昭曠，聚落羶腥。故大慈之弘誓，拯群物之淪傾。豈寓地而空言，必有貸以善成。欽鹿野之華苑，羨靈鷲之名山。企堅固之貞林，希菴羅之芳園。雖綷容之緬邈，謂哀音之恆存。建招提於幽峰，冀振錫之息肩。庶鐙王之贈席，想香積之惠餐。事在微而思通，理匪絕而可溫。〈賈誼《弔屈》云：「恭承嘉惠。」敬承，亦此之流。聚落是墟邑，謂歌哭諍訟，有諸諠譁，不及山野為僧居止也。經教欲令在山中，皆有成文。老子云：「善貸且善成。」此道惠物也。鹿苑，說《四真諦》處。靈鷲山，說《般若法華》處。堅固林，說泥洹處。菴羅園，說不思議處。今旁林藝園制苑，仿佛在昔，依然託想，雖綷容緬邈，哀音若存也。招提，謂僧不能常住者，可持作坐處也。所謂息肩。鐙王、香積，事出《維摩經》。《論語》云：「溫故知新。」理既不絕，更宜復溫，則可待為己之日用也。〉

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59

爰初經略，杖策孤征。入澗水涉，登嶺山行。陵頂不息，窮泉不停。櫛風沐雨，犯露乘星。研其淺思，罄其短規。非龜非筮，擇良選奇。翦榛開徑，尋石覓崖。四山周回，雙流逶迤。面南嶺，建經臺；倚北阜，築講堂。傍危峰，立禪室；臨浚流，列僧房。對百年之高木，納萬代之芬芳。抱終古之泉源，美膏液之清長。謝麗塔於郊郭，殊世間於城傍。欣見素以抱樸，果甘露於道場。〈云初經略，躬自履行，備諸苦辛也。罄其淺短，無假於龜筮，貧者既不以麗為美，所以即安茅茨而已。是以謝郊郭而殊城傍。然清虛寂寞，實是得道之所也。〉

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60

苦節之僧，明發懷抱。事紹人徒，心通世表。是遊是憩，倚石構草。寒暑有移，至業莫矯。觀三世以其夢，撫六度以取道。乘恬知以寂泊，含和理之窈窕。指東山以冥期，實西方之潛兆。雖一日以千載，猶恨相遇之不早。〈謂曇隆、法流二法師也。二公辭恩愛，棄妻子，輕舉入山，外緣都絕，魚肉不入口，糞掃必在體，物見之絕歎，而法師處之夷然。詩人西發不勝造道者，其亦如此。往石門瀑布中路高棲之游，昔告離之始。期生東山，沒存西方。相遇之欣，實以一日為千載，猶慨恨不早。〉

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61

賤物重己，棄世希靈。駭彼促年，愛是長生。冀浮丘之誘接，望安期之招迎。甘松桂之苦味，夷皮褐以頹形。羨蟬蛻之匪日，撫雲蜺其若驚。陵名山而屢憩，過巖室而披情。雖未階於至道，且緬絕於世纓。指松菌而興言，良未齊於殤彭。〈此一章敘仙學者雖未及佛道之高，然出於世表矣。浮丘公是王子喬師，安期先生是馬明生師，二事出《列仙傳》。《洞直經》云：「今學仙者亦明師以自發悟，故不辭苦味頹形也。」莊周云：「和以天兒。」兒者，崖也。數經歷名山，遇余巖室，披露其情性，且獲長生。方之松菌殤彭，邈然有間也。〉

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62

山作水役，不以一牧。資待各徒，隨節競逐。陟嶺刊木，除榛伐竹。抽筍自篁，擿篛于谷。揚勝所拮，秋冬[艹片畐]獲。野有蔓草，獵涉蘡薁。亦醖山清，介爾景福。苦以朮成，甘以[扌審]熟。慕椹高林，剝芨巖椒。掘蒨陽崖，擿[扌鮮]陰摽。晝見搴茅，宵見索綯。芟菰翦蒲，以薦以茭。既坭既埏，品收不一。其灰其炭，咸各有律。六月采蜜，八月樸栗。備物為繁，略載靡悉。〈此一章謂山水採拾諸事也。然漁獵之事皆不載。楊，楊桃也。山間謂之木子。 [艹片畐]音覆，字出《字林》。詩人云：「六月食鬱及薁。」獵涉字出《爾雅》。術，術酒，味苦。 [扌審]，[扌審]酒，味甘，竝至美，兼以療病。 [扌審]治癰核，術治痰冷。椹音甚，味似菰菜而勝，刊木而作之，謂之慕。芨音及，採以為紙。蒨音倩，採以為渫。 [扌鮮]音鮮，採以為飲。采蜜樸栗，各隨其月也。〉

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63

若乃南北兩居，水通陸阻。觀風瞻雲，方知厥所。〈兩居謂南北兩處，各有居止。峰崿阻絕，水道通耳。觀風瞻雲，然後方知其處所。〉南山則夾渠二田，周嶺三苑。九泉別澗，五谷異巘。群峰參差出其間，連岫椱陸成其阪。眾流溉灌以環近，諸堤擁抑以接遠。遠堤兼陌，近流開湍。淩阜泛波，水往步還。還回往匝，枉渚員巒。呈美表趣，胡可勝單。杭北頂以葺館，殷南峰以啟軒。羅曾崖於戶裏，列鏡瀾於窗前。因丹霞以赬楣，附碧雲以翠椽。視奔星之俯馳，顧□□之未牽。鵾鴻翻翥而莫及，何但燕雀之翩翾。氿泉傍出，潺湲於東簷；桀壁對歭，硿礲於西霤。脩竹葳蕤以翳薈，灌木森沉以蒙茂。蘿曼延以攀援，花芬薰而媚秀。日月投光於柯間，風露披清於隈岫。夏涼寒燠，隨時取適。階基回互，橑櫺乘隔。此焉卜寢，翫水弄石。邇即回眺，終歲罔斁。傷美物之遂化，怨浮齡之如借。眇遯逸於人群，長寄心於雲霓。〈南山是開創卜居之處也。從江樓步路，跨越山嶺，綿亙田野，或升或降，當三里許。塗路所經見也，則喬木茂竹，緣畛彌阜，橫波疏石，側道飛流，以為寓目之美觀。及至所居之處，自西山開道，迄於東山，二里有餘。南悉連嶺疊鄣，青翠相接，雲煙霄路，殆無倪際。從逕入谷，凡有三口。方壁西南石門世□南□池東南，皆別載其事。緣路初入，行於竹逕，半路闊，以竹渠澗。既入東南傍山渠，輾轉幽奇，異處同美。路北東西路，因山為鄣。正北狹處，踐湖為池。南山相對，皆有崖岩。東北枕壑，下則清川如鏡，傾柯盤石，被隩映渚。西巖帶林，去潭可二十丈許，葺基構宇，在岩林之中，水衛石階，開窗對山，仰眺曾峰，俯鏡濬壑。去巖半嶺，復有一樓。回望周眺，既得遠趣，還顧西館，望對窗戶。緣崖下者，密竹蒙逕，從北直南，悉是竹園。東西百丈，南北百五十五丈。北倚近峰，南眺遠嶺，四山周回，溪澗交過，水石林竹之美，岩岫隈曲之好，備盡之矣。刊翦開築，此焉居處，細趣密翫，非可具記，故較言大勢耳。越山列其表側傍緬□□為異觀也。〉

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因以小湖，鄰於其隈。眾流所湊，萬泉所回。氿濫異形，首毖終肥。別有山水，路邈緬歸。〈氿濫、肥毖，皆是泉名，事見於《詩》。云此萬泉所湊，各有形勢。〉

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求歸其路，迺界北山。棧道傾虧，蹬閣連卷。復有水逕，繚繞回圓。瀰瀰平湖，泓泓澄淵。孤岸竦秀，長洲芊綿。既瞻既眺，曠矣悠然。及其二川合流，異源同口。赴隘入險，俱會山首。瀨排沙以積丘，峰倚渚以起阜。石傾瀾而梢巖，木映波而結藪。逕南漘以橫前，轉北崖而掩後。隱叢灌故悉晨暮，託星宿以知左右。往反經過，〈自非岩澗，便是水逕，洲島相對，皆有趣也。〉

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山川澗石，州岸草木。既摽異於前章，亦列同於後牘。山匪砠而是岵，川有清而無濁。石傍林而插巖，泉協澗而下谷。淵轉渚而散芳，岸靡沙而映竹。草迎冬而結葩，樹凌霜而振綠。向陽則在寒而納煦，面陰則當暑而含雪。連岡則積嶺以隱嶙，舉峰則群竦以[山截][山薛]。浮泉飛流以寫空，沈波潛溢於洞穴。凡此皆異所而咸善，殊節而俱悅。〈土山載石曰砠，山有林曰岵。此章謂山川眾美，亦不必有，故總敘其最。居山之後事，亦皆有尋求也。〉

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春秋有待，朝夕須資。既耕以飯，亦桑貿衣。藝菜當肴，採藥救頹。自外何事，順性靡違。法音晨聽，放生夕歸。研書賞理，敷文奏懷。凡厥意謂，揚較以揮。且列于言，誡特此推。〈謂寒待綿纊，暑待絺綌，朝夕餐飲，設此諸業以待之。藥以療疾，又在其外，事之相推，自不得不然。至於聽講放生，研書敷文，皆其所好。韓非有《揚較》，班固亦云「揚較古今」，其義一也。左思曰：「為左右揚較而陳之。」〉

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北山二園，南山三苑。百果備列，乍近乍遠。羅行布株，迎早候晚。猗蔚溪澗，森疏崖巘。杏壇[木奈]園，橘林、栗圃。桃李多品，梨棗殊所。枇杷林檎，帶谷映渚。椹梅流芬於回巒，椑柿被實於長浦。〈莊周云：「漁父見孔子杏壇之上。」《維摩詰經》[木奈]樹園。揚雄《蜀都賦》云橘林。左太沖亦云：「戶有橘柚之園。」桃李所殖甚多，棗梨事出北河、濟之間，淮、潁諸處，故云殊所也。〉

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畦町所藝，含蕊藉芳，蓼蕺葼薺，葑菲蘇薑。綠葵眷節以懷露，白薤感時而負霜。寒蔥摽倩以陵陰，春藿吐苕以近陽。〈葑菲見《詩•柏舟》中。管子曰：「北伐山戎，得寒蔥。」庾闡云，寒蔥挺園。灌蔬自供，不待外求者也。〉

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70

弱質難恆，頹齡易喪。撫鬢生悲，視顏自傷。承清府之有術，冀在衰之可壯。尋名山之奇藥，越靈波而憩轅。採石上之地黃，摘竹下之天門。摭曾嶺之細辛，拔幽澗之溪蓀。訪鐘乳於洞穴，訊丹陽於紅泉。〈此皆駐年之藥，即近山之所出，有采拾，欲以消病也。〉

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71

安居二時，冬夏三月。遠僧有來，近眾無闕。法鼓朗響，頌偈清發。散華霏蕤，流香飛越。析曠劫之微言，說像法之遺旨。乘此心之一豪，濟彼生之萬理。啟善趣於南倡，歸清暢於北機。非獨愜於予情，諒僉感於君子。山中兮清寂，群紛兮自絕。周聽兮匪多，得理兮俱悅。寒風兮搔屑，面陽兮常熱。炎光兮隆熾，對陰兮霜雪。愒曾臺兮陟雲根，坐澗下兮越風穴。在茲城而諧賞，傳古今之不滅。〈眾僧冬夏二時坐，謂之安居，輒九十日。眾遠近聚萃，法鼓、頌偈、華、香四種，是齋講之事。析說是齋講之議。乘此之心，可濟彼之生。南倡者都講，北機者法師。山中靜寂，實是講說之處。兼有林木，可隨寒暑，恆得清和，以為適也。〉

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好生之篤，以我而觀。懼命之盡，吝景之歡。分一往之仁心，拔萬族之險難。招驚魂於殆化，收危形於將闌。漾水性於江流，吸雲物於天端。睹騰翰之頏頡，視皷鰓之往還。馳騁者儻能狂愈，猜害者或可理攀。〈云物皆好生，但以我而觀，便可知彼之情。吝景懼命，是好生事也。能放生者，但有一往之仁心，便可拔萬族之險難。水性雲物，各尋其生。老子云，馳騁田獵，令人心發狂。猜害者恆以忍害為心，見放生之理，或可得悟也。〉

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哲人不存，懷抱誰質。糟粕猶在，啟縢剖帙。見柱下之經二，睹濠上之篇七。承未散之全樸，救已頹於道術。嗟夫！六藝以宣聖教，九流以判賢徒。國史以載前紀，家傳以申世模。篇章以陳美刺，論難以覈有無。兵技醫日，龜莢筮夢之法，風角冢宅，筭數律曆之書。或平生之所流覽，竝於今而棄諸。驗前識之喪道，抱一德而不渝。〈莊周云「輪扁語齊桓公，公之所讀書，聖人之糟粕。」縢者，《金縢》之流也。柱下，老子。濠上，莊子。二、七，是篇數也。云此二書，最有理，過此以往，皆是聖人之教，獨往者所棄。〉

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伊昔齠齔，實愛斯文。援紙握管，會性通神。詩以言志，賦以敷陳。箴銘誄頌，咸各有倫。爰暨山棲，彌歷年紀。幸多暇日，自求諸己。研精靜慮，貞觀厥美。懷秋成章，含笑奏理。〈謂少好文章，及山棲以來，別緣既闌，尋慮文詠，以盡暇日之適。便可得通神會性，以永終朝。〉

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75

若乃乘攝持之告，評養達之篇。畏絕跡之不遠，懼行地之多艱。均上皇之自昔，忌下衰之在旃。投吾心於高人，落賓名於聖賢。廣滅景於崆峒，許遁音於箕山。愚假駒以表谷，涓隱巖以搴芳。 □□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□萊庇蒙以織畚。皓棲商而頤志，卿寢茂而敷詞。 □□□□□□，鄭別谷而永逝。梁去霸而之會，□□□□□□。高居唐而胥宇，臺依崖而穴墀。咸自得以窮年，眇貞思於所遺。〈老子云：「善攝生者。」莊子云，謂之不善持生。又云，養生有無崖，達生者不務生之所無，奈何。絕跡，上皇，下衰，賓名，義亦皆出莊周。廣成子在崆峒之上，黃帝之師也。許由隱於箕山，堯以天下讓而不取。愚公居於駒阜，齊桓公逐鹿入山，見之。涓子隱於宕山，好餌術，告伯陽《琴心》三篇。庚桑楚得老子之道，居隈礨之山。楚狂接輿，楚王聞其賢，使使者聘之，於是遂游諸名山，在蜀峨眉山上。徐無鬼巖棲，魏侯勞之，問：「先生苦山林矣，乃肯見寡人。」無鬼問：「君絀嗜欲，屏好惡，則耳目察矣。」常采茅栗。老萊子耕於蒙山之陽，著書十五篇，言道家之事，織畚為業。四皓避秦亂，入商洛深山，漢祖召不能出。司馬長卿高才，而處世不樂預公卿大事，□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□遂與弟子別於山阿，終身不反。梁伯鸞隱霸陵山中，耕織以自娛，後復入會稽山。臺孝威居武安山下，依崖為土室，采藥自給。高文通居西唐山，從容自娛也。〉

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76

暨其窈窕幽深，寂漠虛遠。事與情乖，理與形反。既耳目之靡端，豈足跡之所踐。蘊終古於三季，俟通明於五眼。權近慮以停筆，抑淺知而絕簡。〈謂此既非人跡所求，更待三明五通，然後可踐履耳。故停筆絕簡，不復多云，冀夫賞音悟夫此旨也。〉

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77

太祖登祚，誅徐羨之等，徵為秘書監，再召不起，上使光祿大夫范泰與靈運書敦獎之，乃出就職。使整理秘閣書，補足闕文。以晉氏一代，自始至終，竟無一家之史，令靈運撰《晉書》，粗立條流；書竟不就。尋遷侍中，日夕引見，賞遇甚厚。靈運詩書皆兼獨絕，每文竟，手自寫之，文帝稱為二寶。既自以名輩，才能應參時政，初被召，便以此自許；既至，文帝唯以文義見接，每侍上宴，談賞而已。王曇首、王華、殷景仁等，名位素不踰之，並見任遇，靈運意不平，多稱疾不朝直。穿池植援，種竹樹堇，驅課公役，無復期度。出郭游行或一日百六七十里，經旬不歸，既無表聞，又不請急。上不欲傷大臣，諷旨令自解。靈運乃上表陳疾，上賜假東歸。將行，上書勸伐河北，曰：

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自中原喪亂，百有餘年，流離寇戎，湮沒殊類。先帝聰明神武，哀濟群生，將欲蕩定趙魏，大同文軌，使久凋反於正化，偏俗歸於華風。運謝事乖，理違願絕，仰德抱悲，恨存生盡。況陵塋未幾，凶虜伺隙，預在有識，誰不憤歎。而景平執事，並非其才，且遘紛京師，豈慮託付。遂使孤城窮陷，莫肯極。忠烈囚朔漠，綿河三千，翻為寇有。晚遣鎮戍，皆先朝之所開拓，一旦淪亡，此國恥宜雪，被於近事者也。又北境自染逆虜，窮苦備罹，徵調賦斂，靡有止已，所求不獲，輒致誅殞，身禍家破，闔門比屋，此亦仁者所為傷心者也。

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79

咸云西虜舍末，遠師隴外，東虜乘虛，呼可掩襲。西軍既反，得據關中，長圍咸陽，還路已絕，雖遣救援，停住河東，遂乃遠討大城，欲為首尾。而西寇深山重阻，根本自固，徒棄巢窟，未足相拯。師老於外，國虛永內，時來之會，莫復過此。觀兵耀威，實在茲日。若相持未已，或生事變，忽值新起之眾，則異於今，苟乖其時，難為經略，雖兵食倍多，則萬全無必矣。又歷觀前代，類以兼弱為本，古今聖德，未之或殊。豈不以天時人事，理數相得，興亡之度，定期居然。故古人云：「既見天殃，又見人災，乃可以謀。」昔魏氏之強，平定荊、冀，乃乘袁、劉之弱；晉世之盛，拓開吳、蜀，亦因葛、陸之衰。此皆前世成事，著於史策者也。自羌平之後，天下亦謂虜當俱滅，長驅滑臺，席捲下城，奪氣喪魄，指日就盡。

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但長安違律，潼關失守，用緩天誅，假延歲月，日來至今，十有二載，是謂一紀，曩有前言。況五胡代數齊世，虜期餘命，盡於來年。自相攻伐，兩取其困，卞莊之形，驗之今役。仰望聖澤，有若渴饑，注心南雲，為日已久。來蘇之冀，實歸聖明，此而弗乘，後則未兆。即日府藏，誠無兼儲，然凡造大事，待國富兵強，不必乘會，於我為易，貴在得時。器械既充，眾力粗足，方於前後，乃當有優。常議損益，久證冀州口數，百萬有餘，田賦之沃，著自《貢》典，先才經創，基趾猶存，澄流引源，桑麻蔽野，強富之實，昭然可知。為國長久之計，孰若一往之費邪！

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或懲關西之敗，而謂河北難守。二境形勢，表裏不同，關西雜居，種類不一，昔在前漢，屯軍霸上，通火甘泉。況乃遠戍之軍，值新故交代之際者乎！河北悉是舊戶，差無雜人，連嶺判阻，三關作隘。若遊騎長驅，則沙漠風靡；若嚴兵守塞，則冀方山固。昔隴西傷破，鼂錯興言；匈奴慢侮，賈誼憤歎。方於今日，皆為賒矣。

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晉武中主耳，值孫晧虐亂，天祚其德，亦由鉅平奉策，荀、賈折謀，故能業崇當年，區宇一統。況今陛下聰明聖哲，天下歸仁，文德與武功竝震，霜威共素風俱舉，協以宰輔賢明，諸王美令，岳牧宣烈，虎臣盈朝，而天或遠命，亦何敵不滅，矧伊頑虜，假日而已哉！伏惟深機志務，久定神謨。臣卑賤側陋，竄景巖穴，實仰希太平之道，傾睹岱宗之封，雖乏相如之筆，庶免史談之憤，以此謝病京師，萬無恨矣。久欲上陳，懼在觸置，蒙賜恩假，暫違禁省，消渴十年，常慮朝露，抱此愚志，昧死以聞。

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靈運以疾東歸，而遊娛宴集，以夜續晝，復為御史中丞傅隆所奏，坐以免官。是歲，元嘉五年。靈運既東還，與族弟惠連、東海何長瑜、潁川荀雍、泰山羊璿之，以文章賞會，共為山澤之游，時人謂之四友。惠連幼有才悟，而輕薄不為父方明所知。靈運去永嘉還始寧，時方明為會稽郡。靈運嘗自始寧至會稽造方明，過視惠連，大相知賞。時長瑜教惠連讀書，亦在郡內，靈運又以為絕倫，謂方明曰：「阿連才悟如此，而尊作常兒遇之。何長瑜當今仲宣，而飴以下客之食。尊既不能禮賢，宜以長瑜還靈運。」靈運載之而去。

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荀雍，字道雍，官至員外散騎郎。璿之，字曜璠，臨川內史，為司空竟陵王誕所遇，誕敗坐誅。長瑜文才之美，亞於惠連，雍、璿之不及也。臨川王義慶招集文士，長瑜自國侍郎至平西記室參軍。嘗於江陵寄書與宗人何勗，以韻語序義慶州府僚佐云：「陸展染鬢髮，欲以媚側室。青青不解久，星星行復出。」如此者五六句，而輕薄少年遂演而廣之，凡厥人士，竝為題目，皆加劇言苦句，其文流行。義慶大怒，白太祖除為廣州所統曾城令。及義慶薨，朝士詣第敘哀，何勗謂袁淑曰：「長瑜便可還也。」淑曰：「國新喪宗英，未宜便以流人為念。」廬陵王紹鎮尋陽，以長瑜為南中郎行參軍，掌書記之任。行至板橋，遇暴風溺死。

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靈運因父祖之資，生業甚厚。奴僮既眾，義故門生數百，鑿山浚湖，功役無已。尋山陟嶺，必造幽峻，巖嶂千重，莫不備盡。登躡常著木履，上山則去前齒，下山去其後齒。嘗自始寧南山伐木開逕，直至臨海，從者數百人。臨海太守王琇驚駭，謂為山賊，徐知是靈運乃安。又要琇更進，琇不肯，靈運贈琇詩曰：「邦君難地險，旅客易山行。」在會稽亦多徒眾，驚動縣邑。太守孟顗事佛精懇，而為靈運所輕，嘗謂顗曰：「得道應須慧業，丈人生天當在靈運前，成佛必在靈運後。」顗深恨此言。

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會稽東郭有回踵湖，靈運求決以為田，太祖令州郡履行。此湖去郭近，水物所出，百姓惜之，顗堅執不與。靈運既不得回踵，又求始寧岯崲湖為田，顗又固執。靈運謂顗非存利民，正慮決湖多害生命，言論毀傷之，與顗遂構仇隙。因靈運橫恣，百姓驚擾，乃表其異志，發兵自防，露板上言。靈運馳出京都，詣闕上表曰：「臣自抱疾歸山，於今三載，居非郊郭，事乖人間，幽棲窮巖，外緣兩絕，守分養命，庶畢餘年。忽以去月二十八日得會稽太守臣顗二十七日疏云：『比日異論噂嚃，此雖相了，百姓不許寂默，今微為其防。』披疏駭惋，不解所由，便星言奔馳，歸骨陛下。及經山陰，防衛彰赫，彭排馬槍，斷截衢巷，偵邏縱橫，戈甲竟道。不知微臣罪為何事。及見顗，雖曰見亮，而裝防如此，唯有罔懼。臣昔忝近侍，豫蒙天恩，若其罪跡炳明，文字有證，非但顯戮司敗，以正國典，普天之下，自無容身之地。今虛聲為罪，何酷如之。夫自古讒謗，聖賢不免，然致謗之來，要有由趣。或輕死重氣，結黨聚群，或勇冠鄉邦，劍客馳逐。未聞俎豆之學，欲為逆節之罪；山棲之士，而構陵上之釁。今影跡無端，假謗空設，終古之酷，未之或有。匪吝其生，實悲其痛。誠復內省不疚，而抱理莫申。是以牽曳疾病，束骸歸款。仰憑陛下天鑒曲臨，則死之日，猶生之年也。臣憂怖彌日，羸疾發動，尸存恍惚，不知所陳。」

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太祖知其見誣，不罪也。不欲使東歸，以為臨川內史，賜秩中二千石。在郡遊放，不異永嘉，為有司所糾。司徒遣使隨州從事鄭望生收靈運，靈運執錄望生，興兵叛逸，遂有逆志。為詩曰：「韓亡子房奮，秦帝魯連恥。本自江海人，忠義感君子。」追討禽之，送廷尉治罪。廷尉奏靈運率部眾反叛，論正斬刑。上愛其才，欲免官而已。彭城王義康堅執謂不宜恕，乃詔曰：「靈運罪釁累仍，誠合盡法。但謝玄勳參微管，宜宥及後嗣，可降死一等，徙付廣州。」

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其後，秦郡府將宗齊受至塗口，行達桃墟村，見有七人下路亂語，疑非常人，還告郡縣，遣兵隨齊受掩討，遂共格戰，悉禽付獄。其一人姓趙名欽，山陽縣人，云：「同村薛道雙先與謝康樂共事，以去九月初，道雙因同村成國報欽云：『先作臨川郡、犯事徙送廣州謝，給錢令買弓箭刀楯等物，使道雙要合鄉里健兒，於三江口篡取謝。若得志，如意之後，功勞是同。』遂合部黨要謝，不及。既還饑饉，緣路為劫盜。」有司又奏依法收治，太祖詔於廣州行棄市刑。臨死作詩曰：「龔勝無餘生，李業有終盡。嵇公理既迫，霍生命亦殞。淒淒凌霜葉，網網沖風菌。邂逅竟幾何，脩短非所愍。送心自覺前，斯痛久已忍。恨我君子志，不獲巖上泯。」詩所稱龔勝、李業，猶前詩子房、魯連之意也。時元嘉十年，年四十九。所著文章傳於世。子鳳，蚤卒。

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史臣曰：民稟天地之靈，含五常之德，剛柔迭用，喜慍分情。夫志動於中，則歌詠外發。六義所因，四始攸繫，升降謳謠，紛披風什。雖虞夏以前，遺文不睹，稟氣懷靈，理無或異。然則歌詠所興，宜自生民始也。周室既衰，風流彌著，屈平、宋玉，導清源於前，賈誼、相如，振芳塵於後，英辭潤金石，高義薄雲天。自茲以降，情志愈廣。王褒、劉向、揚、班、崔、蔡之徒，異軌同奔，遞相師祖。雖清辭麗曲，時發乎篇，而蕪音累氣，固亦多矣。若夫平子豔發，文以情變，絕唱高蹤，久無嗣響。至於建安，曹氏基命，二祖、陳王，咸蓄盛藻，甫乃以情緯文，以文被質。自漢至魏，四百餘年，辭人才子，文體三變。相如巧為形似之言，班固長於情理之說，子建、仲宣以氣質為體，竝摽能擅美，獨映當時。是以一世之士，各相慕習，原其飆流所始，莫不同祖《風》、《騷》。徒以賞好異情，故意制相詭。降及元康，潘、陸特秀，律異班、賈，體變曹、王，縟旨星稠，繁文綺合。綴平臺之逸響，采南皮之高韻，遺風餘烈，事極江右。有晉中興，玄風獨振，為學窮於柱下，博物止乎七篇，馳騁文辭，義單乎此。自建武暨乎義熙，歷載將百，雖綴響聯辭，波屬雲委，莫不寄言上德，託意玄珠，遒麗之辭，無聞焉爾。仲文始革孫、許之風，叔源大變太元之氣。爰逮宋氏，顏、謝騰聲。靈運之興會摽舉，延年之體裁明密，並方軌前秀，垂範後昆。若夫敷衽論心，商榷前藻，工拙之數，如有可言。夫五色相宣，八音協暢，由乎玄黃律呂，各適物宜。欲使宮羽相變，低昂互節，若前有浮聲，則後須切響。一簡之內，音韻盡殊；兩句之中，輕重悉異。妙達此旨，始可言文。至於先士茂制，諷高歷賞，子建函京之作，仲宣霸岸之篇，子荊零雨之章，正長朔風之句，並直舉胸情，非傍詩史，正以音律調韻，取高前式。自《騷》人以來，而此秘未睹。至於高言妙句，音韻天成，皆闇與理合，匪由思至。張、蔡、曹、王，曾無先覺，潘、陸、謝、顏，去之彌遠。世之知音者，有以得之，知此言之非謬。如曰不然，請待來哲。

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