Volume 74 Biographies 34: Zang Zhi, Lu Shuang, Shen Youzhi

列傳第三十四臧質魯爽沈攸之

Biographies 34: Zang Zhi, Lu Shuang, and Shen Youzhi

臧質，字含文，東莞莒人。父熹，字義和，武敬皇后弟也。與兄燾並好經籍。隆安初，兵革屢起，熹乃習騎射，志在立功。嘗至溧陽，溧陽令阮崇與熹共獵，值虎突圍，獵徒並奔散，熹直前射之，應弦而倒。高祖入京城，熹族子穆斬桓脩。進至京邑，桓玄奔走，高祖使熹入宮收圖書器物，封閉府庫。有金飾樂器，高祖問熹：「卿得無欲此乎？」熹正色曰：「皇上幽逼，播越非所。將軍首建大義，劬勞王家。雖復不肖，無情於樂。」高祖笑曰：「聊以戲卿爾。」行參高祖鎮軍事，員外散騎侍郎，重參鎮軍軍事，領東海太守。以建義功封始興縣五等侯。又參高祖車騎、中軍軍事。高祖將征廣固，議者多不同。熹從容言曰：「公若淩威北境，拯其塗炭，寧一六合，未為無期。」高祖曰：「卿言是也。」及行，熹求從，不許，以為建威將軍、臨海太守。郡經兵寇，百不存一，熹綏緝綱紀，招聚流散，歸之者千餘家。孫季高海道襲廣州，路由臨海，熹資給發遣，得以無乏。徵拜散騎常侍，母憂去職。頃之，討劉毅，起為寧朔將軍，從征。事平，高祖遣朱齡石統大眾伐蜀，命熹奇兵出中水，以本號領建平、巴東二郡太守。蜀主譙縱遣大將譙撫之萬餘人屯牛脾，又遣譙小苟重兵塞打鼻。熹至牛脾，撫之戰敗退走，追斬之。小苟聞撫之死，即便奔散。成都既平，熹遇疾。義熙九年，卒於蜀郡牛脾縣，時年三十九。追贈光祿勳。

Zang Zhi, whose style name was Hanwen, came from Ju in Dongguan commandery. His father Zang Xi, style name Yihe, was a younger brother of Empress Wujing. He and his elder brother Tao were both devoted students of the classics. When the Long'an era opened and warfare erupted again and again, Xi took up horsemanship and archery, determined to win distinction on campaign. Once, on a visit to Liyang, he went hunting with the county magistrate Ruan Chong when a tiger broke through the beaters' ring. The party scattered in terror, but Xi rode straight at the beast and brought it down with a single shot. When the High Ancestor marched into the capital, Xi's kinsman Zang Mu slew Huan Xiu. As the army pressed on to the capital and Huan Xuan fled, the High Ancestor sent Xi into the palace to gather books, ritual objects, and furnishings and to seal the imperial storehouses. Among the goods were musical instruments inlaid with gold. The High Ancestor asked Xi, "Surely you would not want these for yourself?" Xi answered gravely, "Our sovereign is held captive and driven from his throne. You, General, were the first to raise the righteous cause and labor for the house of Liu. Unworthy though I am, I have no heart for music." The High Ancestor laughed and said, "I was only joking with you." He was appointed a staff officer on the Pacification Army, made Supernumerary Gentleman Attendant at Court, served a second tour on that staff, and was given concurrent charge as Administrator of Donghai commandery. For his service in founding the restoration he was enfeoffed as fifth-rank Marquis of Shixing county. He also held staff posts on the High Ancestor's Chariots-and-Cavalry and Central Army headquarters. When the High Ancestor prepared to campaign against Guanggu, many at court opposed the plan. Xi spoke calmly: "If you carry your authority to the northern marches and deliver the people from their suffering, to unite the realm need not lie far off." The High Ancestor said, "You are right." When the army set out, Xi asked to go along but was refused; instead he was appointed General Who Establishes Might and Administrator of Linhai. The commandery had been ravaged by war until scarcely one household in a hundred survived. Xi restored law and order, gathered the displaced, and brought back more than a thousand families. When Sun Jigao struck Guangzhou by sea, his fleet passed through Linhai; Xi provisioned and sent him on so that the expedition never lacked supplies. He was recalled to court as Regular Palace Attendant but resigned when his mother died. Soon afterward, when Liu Yi was attacked, he was recalled from mourning as General Who Pacifies the North and joined the campaign. After the victory the High Ancestor sent Zhu Lingshi at the head of a great army against Shu and ordered Xi to take an elite column down the Zhong River, retaining his rank while serving concurrently as Administrator of Jianping and Badong. Qiao Zong of Shu sent his general Qiao Fuzhi with more than ten thousand men to hold Niupi and dispatched Qiao Xiaogou with a strong force to block the Dani pass. Xi reached Niupi, routed Fuzhi in battle, pursued him, and cut off his head. When Xiaogou learned that Fuzhi was dead, his army broke and fled at once. After Chengdu had fallen, Xi fell gravely ill. In the ninth year of Yixi he died at Niupi in Shu commandery, aged thirty-nine. He was posthumously honored as Grand Master for Splendid Happiness.

質年始出三十，屢居名郡，涉獵史籍，尺牘便敏，既有氣幹，好言兵權。太祖謂可大任，欲以為益州事，未行，徵為使持節、都督徐、兗二州諸軍事、寧遠將軍、徐、兗二州刺史。在鎮奢費，爵命無章，為有司所糾，遇赦。與范曄、徐湛之等厚善，曄謀反，量質必與之同，會事發，復為建威將軍、義興太守。元嘉二十六年，太祖謁京陵，質朝丹徒，與何勗、檀和之竝功臣子，時共上禮。太祖設燕盡歡，賜布千匹。

Zhi had only just turned thirty, yet he had already held several prestigious prefectures, read widely in history, and wrote dispatches with ease. Bold in temperament, he delighted in talk of strategy and command. Emperor Wen considered him fit for great trust and intended to place him in charge of Yi Province, but before that appointment took effect he was recalled as Bearer of the Staff of Authority, supreme commander of Xu and Yan, General of Distant Peace, and Inspector of both provinces. In his provincial post he spent lavishly and handed out titles without proper warrant. The censorate impeached him, but he received an amnesty. He was intimate with Fan Ye, Xu Chengzhi, and their circle. When Ye conspired to rebel, the court assumed Zhi would side with him, but the plot was uncovered in time and Zhi was merely restored to his post as General Who Establishes Might and Administrator of Yixing. In the twenty-sixth year of Yuanjia, when Emperor Wen paid homage at the imperial tombs near the capital, Zhi came to Dantu to attend court. He and He Qian, Tan Hezhi, and other sons of founding ministers together presented tribute. The emperor gave a feast at which all rejoiced freely and granted them a thousand bolts of cloth.

二十七年春，遷南譙王義宣司馬、寧朔將軍、南平內史。未之職，會索虜大帥拓跋燾圍汝南，汝南戍主陳憲固守告急。太祖遣質輕往壽陽，即統彼軍，與安蠻司馬劉康祖等救憲。虜退走，因使質伐汝南西境刀壁等山蠻，大破之，獲萬餘口，遷太子左衛率。坐前伐蠻，枉殺隊主嚴祖，又納面首生口，不以送臺，免官。是時上大舉北討，質白衣與驃騎司馬王方回等率軍出許、洛，安北司馬王玄謨攻滑臺，不拔，質請乘驛代將，太祖不許。

In the spring of the twenty-seventh year he was promoted to Chief Administrator on the staff of Prince Yi of Nanqiao, made General Who Pacifies the North, and appointed Interior Secretary of Nanping. Before he could take up the new post, the northern enemy's paramount leader Tuoba Tao besieged Runan. The garrison commander Chen Xian held the city and sent desperate appeals for relief. Emperor Wen dispatched Zhi posthaste to Shouyang to assume immediate command of the forces there and, together with Liu Kangzu, staff officer of the Pacification of the Barbarians command, to relieve Xian. The enemy withdrew, and Zhi was then ordered to campaign against the mountain tribes at Daobi and elsewhere on Runan's western marches. He routed them utterly, taking more than ten thousand captives, and was promoted to Left Commandant of the Crown Prince's Guard. He was stripped of office because, during the tribal campaign, he had unjustly executed the platoon chief Yan Zu and kept handsome captives for himself instead of forwarding them to the capital. The court then mounted a major northern offensive. Though out of office, Zhi served in commoner's dress alongside Wang Fanghui, staff officer to the Rapid Cavalry general, leading troops toward Xu and Luoyang, while Wang Xuemo attacked Huatai without success. Zhi asked to ride post-horses and replace the failing commander, but Emperor Wen refused.

虜侵徐、豫，拓跋燾率大眾數十萬遂向彭城，以質為輔國將軍、假節、置佐，率萬人北救。始至盱眙，燾已過淮，冗從僕射胡崇之領質府司馬，崇之副太子積弩將軍毛熙祚亦受統於質。盱眙城東有高山，質慮虜據之，使崇之、澄之二軍營於山上，質營城南。虜攻崇之、澄之二營，崇之等力戰不敵，眾散，並為虜所殺。虜又攻熙祚，熙祚所領悉北府精兵，幢主李灌率厲將士，殺賊甚多。隊主周胤之、外監楊方生又率射賊，賊垂退，會熙祚被創死，軍遂散亂。其日質案兵不敢救，故二營一時覆沒。

When the enemy overran Xu and Yu, Tuoba Tao marched several hundred thousand men directly on Pengcheng. Zhi was appointed General Who Supports the State with provisional insignia and a full staff, and led ten thousand men north to relieve the city. Zhi had only just reached Xuyi when Tao was already south of the Huai. Hu Chongzhi, Supernumerary Attendant and chief of Zhi's staff, served under him, as did Mao Xizuo, General of Accumulated Crossbows to the Crown Prince, who was Chongzhi's deputy. A high hill lay east of Xuyi, and fearing the enemy would occupy it, Zhi posted the divisions of Chongzhi and Chengzhi on the summit while he made his own camp south of the walls. The enemy assaulted the camps on the hill. Chongzhi and his men fought hard but were overwhelmed; their troops broke, and all were slain. The enemy then turned on Xizuo, whose command consisted entirely of crack Northern Headquarters troops. The banner chief Li Guan exhorted his men and killed a great many of the attackers. Platoon chief Zhou Yinzhi and outer inspector Yang Fangsheng led bowmen against the foe as well, and the enemy was nearly driven off—until Xizuo was struck down and killed, whereupon that wing collapsed in disorder. That same day Zhi held his main force back and would not commit it to the rescue, so both outlying camps were lost together.

初，仇池之平也，以崇之為龍驤將軍、北秦州刺史，宋百頃，行至濁水，為索虜所克，舉軍敗散；崇之及將佐以下，皆為虜所執，後得叛還，至是又為虜所敗焉。熙祚，司州刺史脩之兄子也。崇之、熙祚並贈正員郎；澄之事在祖父燾傳。

Earlier, after the pacification of Chouchi, Chongzhi had been made Dragon-Soaring General and Inspector of Northern Qin, with a fief of a hundred qing within Song territory. Marching as far as Zhuoshui, he was crushed by the northern enemy and his entire force scattered; Chongzhi and all his officers and men were taken prisoner, though he later escaped and made his way back—only to be defeated by the enemy once more on this occasion. Xizuo was the nephew of Mao Xiu, Inspector of Si province. Chongzhi and Xizuo were both posthumously granted the rank of Regular Gentleman of the Palace; The account of Chengzhi appears in the biography of his kinsman Zang Tao.

三營既敗，其夕質軍亦奔散，棄輜重器甲，單七百人投盱眙。盱眙太守沈璞完為守戰之備，城內有實力三千，質大喜，因共守。虜初南出，後無資糧，唯以百姓為命。及過淮，食平越、石鱉二屯穀，至是抄掠無所，人馬饑困，聞盱眙有積粟，欲以為歸路之資。既破崇之等，一攻城不拔，便引眾南向。城內增修守備，莫不完嚴。二十八年正月初，燾自廣陵北返，便悉力攻盱眙，就質求酒，質封溲便與之。燾怒甚，築長圍，一夜便合，開攻道，趣城東北，運東山土石填之。虜又恐城內水路遁走，乃引大船，欲於君山作浮橋，以絕淮道。城內乘艦逆戰，大破之。明旦，賊更方舫為桁，桁上各嚴兵自衛。城內更擊不能禁，遂於軍山立桁，水陸路竝斷。

Once all three camps had fallen, Zhi's own army broke that same night. He abandoned wagons, heavy gear, and armor and fled into Xuyi with only seven hundred men. Shen Pu, Administrator of Xuyi, had made thorough preparations for a siege. Three thousand seasoned troops stood within the walls, and Zhi was overjoyed to join him in the defense. When the invaders first marched south they had brought no stores with them and lived entirely off the countryside. South of the Huai they consumed the grain of the Pingyue and Shibie stockades, but now there was nothing left to seize and men and horses were starving. Learning that Xuyi held great stores of grain, they meant to seize it to sustain their retreat. After defeating Chongzhi's force they assaulted the city once, failed to take it, and marched their main body southward. Inside the walls the defenders redoubled every preparation until the fortifications were impregnable. On the first day of the first month of the twenty-eighth year Tao turned back north from Guangling and threw his full strength against Xuyi. He asked Zhi for wine; Zhi sent him a jar sealed full of urine instead. Tao flew into a rage, threw up a continuous siege line overnight, opened assault trenches against the northeast wall, and hauled in earth and stone from East Hill to fill them. Fearing that the garrison might slip away by water, the enemy brought up large ships and tried to span the Huai with a pontoon bridge at Jun Hill. The defenders sortied in war junks and routed them completely. At dawn the next day the enemy lashed their boats into square platforms, each manned by a dense guard. Another sortie from the city could not break them, and the enemy finally anchored their platforms at Jun Hill, severing the garrison's routes by both land and water.

燾與質書曰：「吾今所遣鬥兵，盡非我國人，城東北是丁零與胡，南是三秦氐、羌。設使丁零死者，正可減常山、趙郡賊；胡死，正減并州賊；氐、羌死，正減關中賊。卿若殺丁零、胡，無不利。」質答書曰：「省示，具悉姦懷。爾自恃四腳，屢犯國疆，諸如此事，不可具說。王玄謨退于東，梁坦散於西，爾謂何以？不聞童謠言邪：『虜馬飲江水，佛狸死卯年。』此期未至，以二軍開飲江之徑爾，冥期使然，非復人事。寡人受命相滅，期之白登，師行未遠，爾自送死，豈容復令生全，饗有桑乾哉！但爾往攻此城，假令寡人不能殺爾，爾由我而死。爾若有幸，得為亂兵所殺。爾若不幸，則生相剿縛，載以一驢，直送都市。我本不圖全，若天地無靈，力屈於爾，齏之粉之，屠之裂之，如此未足謝本朝。爾識智及眾力，豈能勝苻堅邪！頃年展爾陸梁者，是爾未飲江，太歲未卯年故爾。斛蘭昔深入彭城，值少日雨，隻馬不返，爾豈憶邪？即時春雨已降，四方大眾，始就雲集，爾但安意攻城莫走。糧食闕乏者告之，當出廩相飴。得所送劍刀，欲令我揮之爾身邪！甚苦，人附反，各自努力，無煩多云。」是時虜中童謠曰：「軺車北來如穿雉，不意虜馬飲江水。虜主北歸石濟死，虜欲渡江天不徙。」故質答引之。燾大怒，乃作鐵床，於其上施鐵鑱，云破城得質，當坐之此上。質又與虜眾書曰：「示詔虜中諸士庶：狸伐見與書如別，等正朔之民，何為力自取如此。大丈夫豈可不知轉禍為福邪！今寫臺格如別書，自思之。」時購斬燾封開國縣侯，食邑一萬戶，賜布絹各萬匹。

Tao wrote to Zhi: "The assault troops I am sending now are none of them my own countrymen. Northeast of your city are Dingling and Hu; to the south are Di and Qiang from the Three Qin. If the Dingling die, you will only have cut down the brigands of Changshan and Zhao; if the Hu die, you will only have cut down the brigands of Bing province; if the Di and Qiang die, you will only have cut down the brigands of the Guanzhong. If you slaughter the Dingling and the Hu, you lose nothing by it." Zhi wrote back: "I have read your letter and understand your treacherous mind perfectly. You trust in your four-legged mounts and have violated our borders again and again—there is no end to such offenses. Wang Xuemo was driven back in the east and Liang Tan routed in the west—what do you make of that? Have you never heard the children's rhyme? 'The barbarians' horses will drink the Yangzi; Foli will die in a mao year. That hour has not yet come; your two armies have merely opened the way for the horses to drink the river. Fate decrees it—this is no longer in human hands. I have received Heaven's mandate to destroy you. I have marked Baideng as the place and the hour. Your army has scarcely marched, yet you rush to your deaths—how could I let you live to feast again on the Sanggan! Go on and assault this city. Even if I cannot kill you myself, you will die by my doing. If you are lucky, you will be cut down in the confusion of battle. If you are unlucky, you will be taken alive, trussed up, loaded on a donkey, and hauled straight to the execution ground at the capital. I never expected to return unscathed. If Heaven and Earth have lost their power and I am broken before you, then to grind you to dust, mince you fine, slaughter and rend you—even that would not be enough to answer to my dynasty. With all your wit and all your troops, do you imagine you surpass Fu Jian! The only reason you have strutted about these past years is that your horses had not yet drunk the river and the Year Star had not yet reached a mao year. Remember Hulan's deep raid on Pengcheng? A few days of rain, and not one horse came back—have you forgotten? The spring rains are already falling, and great armies from every quarter are gathering like clouds. Set your mind at ease, keep assaulting the city, and do not run. If you run short of grain, say so—I will open the granaries and feed you myself. You sent me swords and blades—do you want me to use them on you in person? Enough of this. Your own men are already deserting. Do your best—no need for more words." At that time a children's rhyme circulating in the enemy camp ran: "Light carriages come from the north like bolts through a pheasant—who dreamed the barbarians' horses would drink the Yangzi? When the barbarian lord turns north, Shiji will die; when the barbarians try to cross the river, Heaven itself will not move." This was the prophecy Zhi quoted in his reply. Tao was beside himself with rage. He had an iron bed built and fitted with iron spikes, vowing that if the city fell and Zhi was taken alive, he would be impaled upon it. Zhi also addressed the enemy host: "To all officers and commoners among you: 'Liba' has written as attached. You are people of the true calendar—why struggle so hard to destroy yourselves? Surely a true man knows how to turn disaster into good fortune! I enclose the court's price list as in the attached notice—think it over for yourselves." At that time the court offered a reward for Tao's head: enfeoffment as Marquis of a founding county with a fief of ten thousand households, plus ten thousand bolts each of cloth and silk.

虜以鉤車鉤垣樓，城內繋以驅絙，數百人叫喚引之，車不能退。既夜，以木桶盛人，懸出城外，截其鉤獲之。明日，又以衝車攻城，城土堅密，每至，頹落不過數升。虜乃肉薄登城，分番相代，墜而復升，莫有退者，殺傷萬計，虜死者與城平。又射殺高梁王。如此三旬，死者過半。燾聞彭城斷其歸路，京邑遣水軍自海入淮，且疾疫死者甚眾。二月二日，乃解圍遁走。上嘉質功，以為使持節、監雍、梁、南、北秦四州諸軍事、冠軍將軍、寧蠻校尉、雍州刺史，封開國子，食邑五百戶。明年，太祖又北伐，使質率所統見力向潼關，質頓兵近郊，不肯時發，獨遣司馬柳元景屯兵境上，不時進軍。質又顧戀嬖妾，棄營單馬還城，散用臺庫見錢六七百萬，為有司所糾，上不問也。

The enemy sent up hook-carts to seize the parapet towers. The defenders lashed on heavy ropes, and several hundred men hauled and shouted together until the enemy's machines could not be withdrawn. That night men were lowered outside the walls in wooden tubs, cut off the hooks, and brought them back into the city. The next day the enemy brought up battering rams again. The ramparts were so solid that each blow loosened no more than a few handfuls of earth. The enemy then pressed in close under the walls and climbed up in relay shifts. Men who fell climbed again; none fell back. Casualties ran into the tens of thousands, and the enemy dead piled as high as the ramparts. The defenders also shot and killed the Prince of Gaoliang. After thirty days of this, more than half the attackers were dead. Tao learned that Pengcheng had severed his retreat, that the capital had dispatched a fleet from the sea into the Huai River, and that plague was killing men in great numbers. On the second day of the second month he raised the siege and fled. The emperor praised Zhi's achievement and appointed him Bearer of the Staff of Authority, supervisor of military affairs for Yong, Liang, Southern Qin, and Northern Qin, Champion General, Colonel Quieting the Barbarians, and Governor of Yong Province, enfeoffing him as Viscount of a Founding State with a fief of five hundred households. The next year Emperor Wen marched north again and ordered Zhi to lead his available troops toward Tong Pass. Zhi halted in the suburbs and would not move on time, sending only his chief of staff Liu Yuanjing to camp on the frontier without pressing the advance. Zhi also clung to a favorite concubine, abandoned camp, and rode back to the city alone, squandering six or seven million cash from the imperial treasury. The supervisory offices censured him, but the emperor did not pursue the matter.

元兇弑立，以質為丹陽尹，加征虜將軍。質家遣門生師顗報質，具太祖崩問。質疏顗所言，馳告司空義宣，又遣州祭酒從事田穎起銜命報世祖，率眾五千，馳下討逆，自陽口進江陵義宣。質諸子在都邑，聞質舉義，並逃亡。劭欲相慰悅，乃下書曰：「臧敦等無因自駭，急便竄逸，迷昧過甚，良可怪歎。質國戚勳臣，忠誠篤亮，方當顯位，贊翼京輦，而子弟波迸，傷其乃懷。可遣宣譬令還，咸復本位。」劭尋錄得敦，使大將軍義恭行訓杖三十，厚給賜之。義宣得質報，即日舉兵，馳信報世祖，板進質號征北將軍。質逕赴尋陽，與世祖同下。

After the usurper Shao murdered his way to the throne, he appointed Zhi Governor of Danyang and added the title General Who Subdues the Barbarians. Zhi's household sent his retainer Shi Yan to inform him with full particulars of Emperor Wen's death. Zhi treated Shi Yan's report with reserve, galloped to inform Prince Yi of Nanqiao, Minister of Works Yi Xuan, and also sent the provincial libationer-attendant Tian Ying with sealed orders to report to Emperor Xiaowu. Leading five thousand men, he raced south to punish the usurper and advanced from Yangkou toward Jiangling to join Yi Xuan. Zhi's sons in the capital, hearing that their father had taken up arms in the righteous cause, all fled. Liu Shao tried to soothe and win Zhi over and issued a letter saying, "Zang Dun and the others, without cause, panicked and bolted—their confusion is extreme and truly deplorable. Zhi is a royal kinsman and meritorious minister, loyal and upright, soon to hold high office and assist the capital, yet his sons have scattered—I am grieved at heart. Send messengers to explain and call them back; all shall return to their former posts." Shao soon tracked down Dun, had Grand General Liu Yigong, Prince of Jiangxia, administer thirty strokes of disciplinary punishment, and richly rewarded him. When Yi Xuan received Zhi's report, he raised troops that same day, sent urgent word to Emperor Xiaowu, and by provisional commission promoted Zhi to General Who Campaigns North. Zhi went straight to Xunyang and marched downstream together with Emperor Xiaowu.

世祖至新亭即位，以質為都督江州諸軍事、車騎將軍、開府儀同三司、江州刺史，加散騎常侍，持節如故。使質率所領自白下步上，直至廣莫門，門者不守。薛安都、程天祚等亦自南掖門入，與質同會太極殿，生禽元兇。仍使質留守朝堂，甲仗百人自防。封始興郡公，食邑三千戶。之鎮，舫千餘乘，部伍前後百餘里，六平乘竝施龍子幡。

When Emperor Xiaowu reached Xinting and took the throne, he appointed Zhi commander of military affairs for Jiang Province, Chariots-and-Cavalry General, Grand Master with honors equal to the Three Excellencies, and Governor of Jiang Province, adding Senior Adjunct in the Palace Secretariat and retaining Bearer of the Staff of Authority. He ordered Zhi to lead his troops on foot from Baixia straight to the Gate of Broad Darkness; the gate guards offered no resistance. Xue Andu, Cheng Tianzuo, and others also entered through the Southern Flank Gate, joined Zhi at the Hall of Supreme Ultimate, and captured the usurper Shao alive. Zhi was then left to guard the audience hall, with a hundred armored men as his personal guard. He was enfeoffed as Duke of Shixing commandery with a fief of three thousand households. When he went to his post, his fleet numbered more than a thousand vessels and his column stretched more than a hundred li from van to rear; on each of six ordinary four-horse carriages dragon banners were displayed together.

時世祖自攬威柄，而質以少主遇之，是事專行，多所求欲。及至尋陽，刑政慶賞，不復諮稟朝廷。盆口、鉤圻米，輒散用之，臺符屢加檢詰，質漸猜懼。自謂人才足為一世英傑，始聞國禍，便有異圖，以義宣凡闇，易可制勒，欲外相推奉，以成其志。及至江陵，便致拜稱名。質於義宣雖為兄弟，而年大近十歲，義宣驚曰：「君何意拜弟？」質曰：「事中宜然。」時義宣已推崇世祖，故其計不行。質每慮事泄，及至新亭，又拜江夏王義恭，義恭愕然，問質所以。質曰：「天下屯危，禮異常日，前在荊州，亦拜司空。」會義宣有憾於世祖，事在義宣傳。質因此密信說誘，陳朝廷得失。又謂：「震主之威，不可持久，主相勢均，事不兩立。今專據閫外，地勝兵強，持疑不決，則後機致禍。」質女為義宣子采妻，謂質無復異同，納其說。且義宣腹心將佐蔡超民之徒，咸有富貴之情，願義宣得，欲倚質威名，以成其業，又勸獎義宣。義宣時未受丞相，質子敦為黃門侍郎，奉詔敦勸，道經尋陽，質令敦具更譬說，并言世祖短長，義宣乃意定。馳報豫州刺史魯爽，期孝建元年秋同舉。爽失旨，即便起兵。遣人至京邑報弟瑜，瑜席捲奔叛。瑜弟弘為質府佐，世祖遣報質，質於是執臺使，狼狽舉兵。上表曰：

At that time Emperor Xiaowu was personally wielding authority, but Zhi treated him as a young sovereign; on every matter he acted on his own and made many demands. Once he reached Xunyang, punishments, administration, rewards, and grants were no longer referred to the court for approval. He freely distributed the grain stored at Pankou and Gouqi; repeated imperial orders demanded audits, and Zhi grew suspicious and afraid. He considered himself talent enough to be the hero of the age; as soon as he heard of the national calamity he already harbored a separate design, thinking Yi Xuan dull and easily controlled, intending to elevate him outwardly to achieve his own aim. When he reached Jiangling, he bowed to Yi Xuan and addressed him by personal name. Though Zhi and Yi Xuan were sworn brothers, Zhi was nearly ten years older. Yi Xuan was startled and said, "Why do you bow to your younger brother?" Zhi said, "Under the circumstances this is fitting." Yi Xuan had already pledged loyalty to Emperor Xiaowu, so the scheme did not succeed. Zhi always feared the plot would leak out; when he reached Xinting he again bowed to Liu Yigong, Prince of Jiangxia. Yigong was astonished and asked Zhi why. Zhi said, "The realm is in dire peril and ritual differs from ordinary days; previously in Jing Province I also bowed to the Minister of Works." Just then Yi Xuan had grievances against Emperor Xiaowu—the matter is related in Yi Xuan's biography. Zhi therefore sent secret letters to persuade him, setting forth the court's strengths and failings. He also said, "A power that shakes the ruler cannot endure; when sovereign and chief minister are evenly matched, the two cannot stand together. Now you hold exclusive command beyond the passes, with superior terrain and strong troops; if you hesitate and fail to decide, missing your chance will bring disaster." Zhi's daughter was married to Yi Xuan's son Liu Cai; believing Zhi would not again dissent, Yi Xuan accepted his advice. Moreover Yi Xuan's trusted generals and aides, such as Cai Chaomin, all burned with ambition for wealth and rank; they wished Yi Xuan to prevail and wanted to lean on Zhi's renown to accomplish their enterprise, and they also urged and encouraged Yi Xuan. Yi Xuan had not yet accepted the title of chancellor; Zhi's son Dun, as Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, was sent by imperial order to urge him onward. Passing through Xunyang, Zhi had Dun deliver a fuller persuasion and speak of Emperor Xiaowu's strengths and flaws, and Yi Xuan's mind was made up. He sent urgent word to Lu Shuang, Governor of Yu Province, fixing the autumn of the first year of Xiaojian for a joint rising. Lu Shuang had fallen from favor and immediately raised troops. He sent men to the capital to inform his brother Yu; Yu packed up and fled in rebellion. Yu's brother Hong served as an aide on Zhi's staff; Emperor Xiaowu sent a messenger to report to Zhi, whereupon Zhi seized the imperial envoy and raised troops in haste. He submitted a memorial stating:

臣聞執藥隨親，非情謬於甘苦；揮斤斬毒，豈忘痛於肌膚。蓋以先疑後順，忠焉必往；忍小存大，雖愛必從。丞相臣義宣，育哲台鉉，拊聲聯服，定主勤王之業，勳越乎齊、晉；宗戚懿親之寄，望崇於魯、衛。而惡直醜正，實繁有黨，或染凶作偽，疾害元功；或藉勞挾寵，乘威縱戾。自知愆深釁重，必貽剿戮，乃成紫毀朱，交間忠輔。崇樹私徒，招聚群惡，念舊愛老，無一而存，豈不由凶醜相扇，志肆讒惑。陛下垂慈狎達，不稍惟疑，遂令負扆席圖，蔽於流議，投杼市虎，成於十夫。鑒古揆今，實懷危逼，故投袂樊、葉，立節於本朝；揮戈晉陽，務清於君側。臣誠庸懦，奉教前朝，雖恧《緇衣》好賢之美，敢希《巷伯》惡惡之情，固已藉風聽而宵憤，撫短策而馳念。況乃宏命爰格，誠係宗社，今奉旨前邁，星言啟行。

I have heard that one who administers medicine at a parent's side does not misjudge bitterness and sweetness through mere sentiment; one who swings the axe to cut away poison does not forget the pain to flesh and skin. This is because, after initial doubt, loyalty must be pursued; enduring the small to preserve the great—though love is involved, one must comply. Chancellor Yi Xuan has nurtured wisdom from the platform of state, united the realm in harmonious obedience, settled the great enterprise of restoring the ruler, his merit surpassing Qi and Jin; entrusted as a kinsman of imperial grace, his standing exceeds that of the states of Lu and Wei. Yet those who hate the upright and loathe integrity are indeed numerous and faction-ridden; some stain virtue with wicked falsity and harm the foremost meritorious men; some lean on past labor and grasp favor, wielding power with reckless arrogance. Knowing their guilt is deep and their offenses grave, sure to bring extermination, they turned black into red and sowed discord among loyal ministers. They elevated private followers and gathered bands of evil; of those the emperor once cherished, not one remains—is this not because the wicked incite one another, their will set on spreading slander and delusion? Your Majesty, benevolent and intimate with all, withheld even slight suspicion, so that seated at the screen with the map, you were shrouded by popular talk—like dropping the shuttle at the tale of the tiger in the market, truth ruined by ten men's words. Reflecting on antiquity and measuring the present, I truly feel peril pressing upon us; therefore I have thrown up my sleeves as at Fan and Ye and established my integrity for this dynasty; I have raised my spear at Jinyang, striving to purge evil at the ruler's side. I am indeed mediocre and timid, instructed by the former court; though I blush before the praise of "Dark Robes" for loving worthies, I dare aspire to the hatred of evil in "Lane Steward," and have already rested on rumor for nightly indignation, stroking my brief tally as my thoughts race. Moreover the great mandate has descended, truly binding the altars of state; now receiving orders I advance, setting out at dawn's first word.

臣本凡瑣，少無遠概，因緣際會，遂班槐鼎，素望既盈，愜心實足，豈應徼功非冀，更希異寵，直以蔓草難除，去惡宜速，是以無顧夷險，慮不及身。仰恃天眷，察亮丹款，苟血誠不照，甘心罪戮。

I am by nature petty, with little far-reaching ambition; by chance I came to rank among the highest ministers, my modest hopes already fulfilled and my heart content—how should I grasp for unwarranted merit or further seek extraordinary favor? Only because invasive weeds are hard to uproot and evil must be removed swiftly, I disregard hardship and safety without thought for myself. Trusting in Heaven's favor, I ask Your Majesty to discern my sincere devotion; if my blood loyalty is not recognized, I accept punishment and death willingly.

伏願陛下先鑒元輔匪躬茂節，末錄庸瑣奉國微誠，不遂淟涊之情，以失四海之望，昭戮馬劍，顯肆市朝，則結旌向國，全鋒凱歸，九流凝序，三光並耀，斯則仰說宗廟，俯愜兆民。裁表感慨，涕言無已。

I humbly pray Your Majesty will first recognize the selfless excellence of the chief minister, and last record this petty man's slight loyalty to the state; deny not the honest impulse lest you disappoint the hope of all within the four seas. Let the saber of justice blaze in public execution, then banners may turn homeward and full blades return in triumph, the nine currents settle into order, sun, moon, and stars shine together—thus satisfying the ancestral temple above and the myriad people below. This memorial, constrained with emotion, ends my tearful words.

加魯弘輔國將軍，下戍大雷。馳報義宣，義宣遣諮議參軍劉諶之萬人就弘。世祖遣撫軍將軍柳元景統豫州刺史王玄謨等水軍，屯梁山洲內，兩岸築偃月壘，水陸待之。殿中將軍沈靈賜領百舸，破其前軍於南陵，生禽軍主徐慶安、軍副王僧，質至梁山，亦夾陣兩岸。元景檄書宣告曰：

Lu Hong was promoted to General Who Assists the State and sent down to garrison Dalei. Zhi sent urgent word to Yi Xuan; Yi Xuan dispatched Senior Adviser-attendant Liu Chenzhi with ten thousand men to join Hong. Emperor Xiaowu sent Pacifying Army General Liu Yuanjing to command the naval forces of Wang Xuamo, Governor of Yu Province, and others; they encamped within Liangshan Isle, building crescent fortifications on both banks, awaiting the rebels by land and water. Palace General Shen Lingci led a hundred warships, defeated their vanguard at Nanling, and captured alive the army commander Xu Qing'an and deputy Wang Seng. When Zhi reached Liangshan, he also deployed battle lines on both banks. Liu Yuanjing's proclamation declared as follows:

夫革道應運，基命之洪符；嗣業興邦，紹歷之明筭。自非瑞積神衷，德充民極，孰能升臨寶位，景屬天居。大宋啟期，理高中世，皇根帝葉，永流無疆。夷陂遞來，遘茲凶難，國禍冤深，人綱鬱滅。主上聖略聰武，孝感通神，義變草木，哀動精緯，躬幸南郢，親掃大逆，道援橫流，德模靈造，三光重照，七廟載興。

When the Way shifts to meet the age, that is the great sign of a founding mandate; to carry on the work and raise the state is the clear design of continuing the dynastic line. Only when omens gather in the sacred breast and virtue fills the people's utmost need can one ascend the throne and take up Heaven's seat. Great Song has opened its age, its principle towering in mid-antiquity; imperial root and dynastic branch shall flow on without end. Disaster has rolled in wave after wave until we met this deadly trial; national grief runs deep, and the bonds of human order are smothered. Our lord's sacred wisdom and martial keenness move Heaven through filial piety; his righteousness transforms even plants, his grief stirs the constellations. He went in person to Southern Yong and swept away the great rebel; the Way rescued the drowning tide, virtue shaped creation anew—sun, moon, and stars shine again, and the seven temples are raised once more.

臧質少負疵釁，衣冠不齒，昧利誣天，著於觸事。受任述職，不以宣效為心；專方蒞民，惟以侵剝為務。官自賄至，族以貨傾。是以康周陀覆命屠宗，冤達蒼昊；郭伯、西門遺出自皁隸，寵越州朝。往蒞東守，鬻爵三千。率卒西討，竊俘取黜。荷恩彭、泗，貪虐以逞，坑戮邊氓，忽若草芥，傾渴倉庾，割沒軍糧。作牧漢南，公盜府蓄，矯易文簿，專行欺妄。及受命北伐，憚役緩期，師出有辰，顧懷私愛，匹馬棄眾，宵行獨返，遂復攜嬪擁姬，淫宴軍幕。孔、范之變，顯於逆辭。凡此諸釁，皆彰著於憲簡，振曝於觀聽。

From youth Zang Zhi carried a tainted name; the gentry would not rank him among themselves. He deceived Heaven for gain, and it shows in everything he does. When given office and charged with duty, he did not set his heart on serving the realm; holding sole power in his province, he made squeezing the people his only task. Offices came through bribery; his clan was ruined by greed for goods. Thus Kang Zhoutuo was killed and his clan wiped out, grievance reaching to Heaven itself; Guo Bo and Ximen Yi rose from menial status, yet favors in the province exceeded those at court. When he previously held the eastern post, he sold three thousand offices. Leading troops west on campaign, he secretly kept captives and avoided dismissal. Favored at Peng and Si, he indulged greed and cruelty, slaughtering border folk as casually as grass, draining granaries dry and seizing army rations. As governor of Han South he openly plundered treasury stores, falsified registers, and practiced deception on his own authority. When ordered on the northern campaign, he feared labor and delayed; though the army had its set day, he clung to private loves, abandoned his troops on a single horse and returned alone by night, then again brought concubines into camp for debauched feasting in the command tent. The affair of Kong and Fan was manifest in his rebellious words. All these offenses are clearly recorded in the law tablets and broadcast to all who hear.

去歲義舉，雖豫誠款，而淹留西楚，私相崇戴，奉書致命，形於心跡。新亭之捷，大難已夷，凶命假存，懸在晷刻，廣莫之軍，曾無遺矢，重關自開，偽眾已潰，質猶復盤桓衢巷，後騎陳師。勞不足甄，定於朝議，而虛張功伐，扇動怨辭，自謂斯舉，勳莫己若。初踐殿守，忘犬馬之情，奔趣帑藏，頓傾天府。山海弘量，苞荒藏疾，錄其一介之心，掩其不逞之釁。遂爵首元等，職班盛級，優榮溢寵，莫與為疇。自恣醜薄，罔知涯涘，干謁陳聞，曾無紀極，請樂窮太子之英，求器盡官府之選。徐司空匪躬王室，遭罹凶禍，質與之少長，親交兼常，曾無撫孤之仁，惟聞陵侮之酷，尺田寸寶，靡有孑遺。及受命南徂，臨路滋甚，逼奪妻嬪，略市金帛，怨動京邑，醜聞都鄙。棄逐舊故，委蔑忠勤，魯尚期、尹周之徒，心腹所倚，泣訴於御筵；袁同、連子敬之疇，爪牙所杖，一逝而不反。雖上旨頻煩，屢求勞牒，質但稱伐在己，不逮僚隸，託咎朝廷，歸罪有司，國士解心，有識莫附。何文敬趨走廝養，天性愚狡，質迷其奸諂，寘懷委仗，遂外擅威刑，內遊房室。質生與釁俱，不可詳究，擢發數罪，曾何足言！

Last year's righteous rising, though he shared in sincerity, he lingered in Western Chu, privately elevating another, sending letters pledging loyalty—the evidence lies in his heart and conduct. At Xinting's victory the great peril was already cleared; the usurper's life hung by a thread on the sundial's shadow; at the Gate of Broad Darkness not an arrow was wasted, the heavy passes opened themselves, the false host already routed—yet Zhi still loitered in the streets and lanes, his rear guard displaying battle order. His service did not merit reward, as court deliberation decided; yet he inflated his exploits and stirred resentful talk, claiming that in this act no merit matched his own. When first entrusted to guard the hall, he forgot his duty as loyal hound and steed, rushing to the treasuries and emptying the imperial vault at a stroke. The mountain-and-sea breadth of magnanimity embraced his faults and recorded his slightest loyalty, covering his unruly offenses. Thereupon he received a peerage foremost among the realm, offices of the highest rank, honors overflowing—none could compare. He indulged himself shamelessly without limit, petition after petition without end, requesting music to exhaust the crown prince's finest performers and seeking instruments to deplete the government's entire selection. Minister of Works Xu gave himself wholly to the royal house and met violent calamity; Zhi had been close to him from youth, their intimacy ordinary—yet he showed no kindness in nurturing the orphans, only cruel oppression; not an inch of land or scrap of treasure was left untouched. When ordered south on campaign, his conduct on the road grew worse still—seizing wives and concubines, plundering markets for gold and silk; outrage shook the capital, scandal spread through town and countryside. He cast off old associates and treated loyal service with contempt; Lu Shangqi, Yin Zhou, and others whom he had trusted as his inner circle wept their grievances before the imperial throne; Yuan Tong, Lian Zijing, and their kind, the claws and fangs he relied on, departed once and never returned. Though imperial orders came again and again demanding accounts of his service, Zhi kept every victory for himself, gave no credit to his colleagues or staff, blamed the court for failures, and pinned guilt on the bureaucracy. The realm's best men lost faith in him, and no one of discernment would stand with him. He Wenjing had been nothing but a running servant, stupid by nature yet sly; Zhi was taken in by his flattery and treachery and gave him his full trust. Outwardly the man wielded punishments at will; inwardly he wandered through the inner chambers. Zhi was born steeped in guilt; no full accounting is even possible. To count his crimes strand by strand would still fall far short of the truth!

丞相威重位尊，任居分陝，宗國倚賴，實兼恆情，而不及謙沖之塗，弗見逆順之訓，蔽同郤至，理乖范燮。遂乃遠忽世祀，近受欺構，杖納奸疏，還謀社稷。日者宴安上流，坐觀成敗，示遣疲卒，眾裁三千，戎馬不供，軍糧靡獻。皇朝直以親秩之重，酬寵兼極，近漸別子，禮越常均，苟識無所守，功弗由己，必為義不全，終於敗德。今茲放命，恨心於本，推諸昔歲，跡是誠非矣。且家國夷險，情事異常，豫是臣子，孰不星赴，而玩寇忘哀，曾無奔拽。面蕃十稔，惠政蔑聞，重贓深掠，縱欲已甚，姬妾百房，尼僧千計，敗道傷俗，悖亂人神，民怨盈塗，國謗彌歲。又賊劭未禽，凶威猶強，將毀其私墳，戮其諸子，圖成駭機，垂賴義舉，捷期雲速，不日告平，釋怨毒之心，解倒懸之急，論恩敘德，造育為重。援人自助，棄人快讒，怙亂疑功，未聞其比。

The Chancellor's authority is great and his rank exalted; he holds power at the divide of the realm, and the dynasty depends on him—such trust is only natural. Yet he has not walked the road of humility, has not learned the lesson of loyalty and treason, is as blind as Xi Zhi was, and his judgment runs counter to the example of Fan Xie. He cast off ancestral duty from afar, embraced deceit close at hand, leaned on traitors' advice, and turned to plotting against the throne itself. Of late he has feasted in comfort upstream, watching from the sidelines as fortunes turned. He made a show of dispatching troops, yet sent only three thousand worn-out men, with neither horses for battle nor grain for the army. The court had showered him with honors purely because of blood ties, lavishing rank and favor beyond all precedent. If a man holds no principle of his own and wins no merit by his own deeds, his righteousness cannot be whole—and in the end his virtue will collapse. Today's defiance springs from resentment deep in the heart; traced back through the years, the course was wrong from the start. When throne and realm stand in common peril and the crisis is beyond the ordinary, what subject would not fly to the rescue like a shooting star? Yet he dallied with the enemy and forgot his grief, never once rushing to aid the cause. For ten years on the frontier he governed without a trace of benevolent rule. Corruption ran deep and plunder was relentless; his appetites knew no limit. He kept concubines by the hundred and nuns and monks by the thousand, debasing the Way, wounding custom, and turning human and divine order upside down. The people's anger filled every road, and slander against the state went on for years. When the usurper Shao had not yet been taken and his brutal power still held sway, the dynasty itself stood on the brink—family tombs about to be destroyed, sons about to be slaughtered. Only the righteous rising could avert catastrophe; victory was expected as swiftly as clouds racing across the sky, peace within days. Hearts full of poison would be eased, the realm rescued from peril. In weighing grace and virtue, the nurture of life itself should count above all. To use others for one's own rescue, then cast them aside to gratify slanderers; to lean on rebellion yet distrust those who serve—such conduct has no parallel.

僕以不肖，過蒙榮私，荷佩升越，光絕倫伍。家本北邊，志存慷慨，常甘投生，以殉艱棘，惟恩思難，激氣衝襟，故以眺三湘而永慨，望九江而遐憤。若使身死國康，誓在殞命，況仰稟聖略，俯鞠義徒，萬全之形，愚夫所照。夫薛竟陵控率突騎，陸道步馳。檀右衛、申右率、垣游擊整勒銳師，飛輪構路。王豫州方舟繕甲，久已前驅。僕訓卒利兵，淩波電進。沈鎮軍、蕭安南接舳連旌，首尾風合。驃騎竟陵王懿親令譽，問望攸歸，大司馬江夏王道略明遠，徽猷茂世，並旄鉞臨塗，雲驅齊引。群兵競邁，秘駕徐啟。八鑾搖響，五牛舒斾。千乘雷動，萬舳雲回。騰威發號，星流漢轉。以上臨下，易於轉圓。加以三謀協從，七緯告慶，幽顯同心，昭然易睹。

Unworthy though I am, I have received private honors beyond my desert, bearing rank and favor that set me apart from all my peers. My family comes from the northern marches, and my heart burns with generous resolve. I have always been ready to give my life in the hardest trials, moved by gratitude and by the nation's peril until indignation fills my breast. Gazing toward the Three Xiang I sigh without end; looking toward the Nine Rivers my anger knows no bounds. If my death alone could restore the realm, I would gladly give my life. How much more now, under the emperor's sacred strategy above and the righteous host below—complete victory is plain even to the dullest eye. Xue of Jingling leads crack cavalry, thundering overland at a forced march. Tan of the Right Guard, Shen of the Right Commandant, and Yuan the Strike General have drawn up elite forces, their chariots wheeling forward to block every road. Wang of Yuzhou has long since fitted out his fleet and already sails in the vanguard. I have drilled my soldiers and honed their arms, and we advance across the waves swift as lightning. Shen the Garrison General and Xiao of Annan have linked their ships stem to stern, their banners meeting in the wind from van to rear. The Honorable Jingling Prince of Cavalry Command, famed for his personal leadership and the reputation all eyes turn to; the Grand Marshal Prince of Jiangxia, of far-reaching wisdom and splendid virtue in this age—both now advance with banners and battle-axes on the road, driving forward together like clouds on the wind. The armies press forward in rivalry, while the imperial carriage moves slowly in their wake. Eight tinkling bells sway on the carriage, five oxen pull banners unfurled. A thousand chariots roll like thunder, ten thousand ships wheel and turn like clouds. Majesty rises as orders go forth, and the host moves like stars wheeling across the sky. To strike from above against those below is as easy as turning a wheel. Add to this counsels in accord on every side, heavenly omens proclaiming victory, the seen and unseen worlds of one mind—the outcome is plain for all to see.

諸君或世荷恩幸，或身聞教義，當知君臣大節，誓不可犯，冠屨至誨，難用倒設。履安奉順，聲泰事全，孰與附逆居危，身害名醜，慈親垂白受戮，弱子嬰孩就誅。所以有詔遲回，未震雷霆者，正為諸君身拘寇手，或懷乃心。吉凶由人，無謂為遠，今而不變，後悔何及。授檄之日，心馳賊庭。

Some of you have received grace for generations; some have heard the teaching of righteousness with your own ears. You must know the great bond between lord and subject, an oath that must never be broken—the lesson of cap and shoes cannot be worn upside down. To live in peace under loyal obedience, with reputation secure and affairs whole—who would choose rebellion and peril instead, body ruined and name disgraced, white-haired parents slaughtered, infant children put to the sword? That is why the imperial edict has held back and thunder has not yet fallen—because you are still in the rebels' hands, or because loyal hearts may yet remain among you. Fortune and ruin rest in your own hands; do not think the choice distant. If you do not turn now, regret will come too late. From the day this proclamation reaches you, my heart flies toward the rebel stronghold.

義宣亦相次係至。江夏王與義宣書曰：「昔桓玄借兵於仲堪，有似今日。」義宣由此與質相疑。質進計曰：「今以萬人取南州，則梁山中絕，萬人綴玄謨，必不敢動。質浮舟外江，直向石頭，此上略也。」義宣將從之，腹心劉諶之曰：「質求前馳，此志難測。不如盡銳攻梁山，事克然後長驅，萬安之計也。」質遣將尹周之攻胡子反、柳叔政於西壘，時子反渡東岸就玄謨計事，聞賊至，馳歸。周之攻壘甚急，劉季之水軍殊死戰，賊勢盛，求救於玄謨。玄謨不遣，崔勳之固爭，乃遣勳之救之。比至，城已陷，勳之戰死，季之收眾而退。子反、叔政奔還東岸，玄謨斬子反軍副李文仲。

Prince Yi of Nanqiao was also captured in turn. The Prince of Jiangxia wrote to Prince Yi of Nanqiao: "Long ago Huan Xuan borrowed troops from Yin Zhongkan—a situation much like today's." From that moment Prince Yi of Nanqiao and Zang Zhi grew suspicious of each other. Zang Zhi proposed a plan: "Send ten thousand men to seize Southern Province and Liangshan will be cut off; pin ten thousand against Xuanmo and he will not dare stir. I will sail the outer river straight for Stone City—that is the supreme strategy." Prince Yi of Nanqiao was about to accept when his trusted adviser Liu Chenzhi said: "Zhi wants to race ahead—his intentions cannot be trusted. Better to throw every elite soldier against Liangshan; once that falls, advance at full strength—that is the plan of perfect safety." Zang Zhi sent his general Yin Zhouzhi to attack Hu Zifan and Liu Shuzheng at the western rampart. Zifan had crossed to the eastern bank to consult with Xuanmo; when he heard the enemy had come, he galloped back. Yin Zhouzhi pressed the assault on the rampart; Liu Jizhi's fleet fought to the death. The rebels' strength was overwhelming, and they sent to Xuanmo for help. Xuanmo refused to send help. Cui Xunzhi argued fiercely until at last Xunzhi was dispatched to their aid. By the time he arrived the fortress had already fallen. Xunzhi died fighting, and Jizhi gathered what men he could and withdrew. Zifan and Shuzheng fled back to the eastern bank. Xuanmo executed Zifan's deputy Li Wenzhong.

質欲仍攻東城，義宣黨顏樂之說義宣曰：「質若復拔東城，則大功盡歸之矣。宜遣麾下自行。」義宣遣劉諶之就質，陳軍城南。玄謨留羸弱守城，悉精兵出戰，薛安都騎軍前出，垣護之督諸將繼之。戰良久，賊陣小拔，騎得入。劉季之、宗越又陷其西北，眾軍乘之，乃大潰。因風放火，船艦悉見焚燒，延及西岸。質求義宣欲一計事，密已出走矣。質不知所為，亦走，眾悉降散。質至尋陽，焚燒府舍，載妓妾西奔。使所寵何文敬領兵居前，至西陽。西陽太守魯方平，質之黨也，至是懷貳，誑文敬曰：「傳詔宣敕，唯捕元惡一人，餘並無所問。」文敬棄眾而走。

Zang Zhi wanted to press the attack on the eastern city. Yan Lezhi, a partisan of Prince Yi of Nanqiao, said to the prince: "If Zhi takes the eastern city again, all the glory will be his. You should send your own men to do it instead." Prince Yi of Nanqiao sent Liu Chenzhi to Zang Zhi, and they drew up their army south of the city. Xuanmo left the weak to hold the city and marched out with every elite soldier. Xue Andu's cavalry led the way, with Yuan Huzhi directing the other generals behind him. The fighting went on for a long time until the rebel line gave way slightly and the cavalry broke through. Liu Jizhi and Zong Yue broke through the northwest as well. The imperial armies pressed the advantage and the rebels collapsed in a great rout. They set fires with the wind at their backs; every ship was consumed, and the flames spread to the western bank. Zang Zhi went to Prince Yi of Nanqiao to discuss strategy, only to find the prince had already slipped away in secret. Zang Zhi, at a loss, fled as well. The army surrendered and broke apart. Zang Zhi reached Xunyang, burned the government compound, loaded his courtesans and concubines aboard, and fled west. He sent his favorite He Wenjing ahead with the vanguard as far as Xiyang. Lu Fangping, prefect of Xiyang and once Zang Zhi's ally, had by now turned doubtful. He deceived Wenjing, saying: "An edict has been issued: only the chief culprit is to be taken; all others will go unpunished." Wenjing abandoned his men and fled.

質先以妹夫羊沖為武昌郡，質往投之。既至，沖已為郡丞胡庇之所殺。無所歸，乃入南湖逃竄，無食，摘蓮噉之。追兵至，窘急，以荷覆頭，自沈於水，出鼻。軍主鄭俱兒望見，射之中心，兵刃亂至，腸胃纏縈水草，隊主裘應斬質首，傳京都，時年五十五。錄尚書江夏王臣義恭、左僕射臣宏等奏曰：「臧質底棄下才，而藉遇深重，窮愚悖常，構煽凶逆，變至滔天，志圖泯夏，違恩叛德，罪過恆科。梟首之憲，有國通典，懲戾思永，去惡宜深。臣等參議，須辜日限意，使依漢王莽事例，漆其頭首，藏於武庫。庶為鑒戒，昭示將來。」詔可。

Zang Zhi had earlier made his brother-in-law Yang Chong prefect of Wuchang, and now fled to him for refuge. When he arrived, Yang Chong had already been killed by the assistant prefect Hu Bizhi. With nowhere left to turn, he hid in South Lake. Starving, he picked lotus pods and ate them raw. When pursuers closed in, desperate, he covered his head with lotus leaves and sank beneath the water, leaving only his nose above the surface. The garrison commander Zheng Ju'er spotted him and shot him through the heart. Troops piled in with blades; his entrails tangled in the weeds. Squad leader Qiu Ying severed Zhi's head and sent it to the capital. He was fifty-five years old. The Recorder of the Master of Writing, Prince of Jiangxia Chen Yigong, Left Vice Director Chen Hong, and others memorialized: "Zang Zhi was a man of base and worthless talent, yet he received extraordinary favor. Utterly stupid and perverse beyond all measure, he stirred up violent rebellion until calamity reached the heavens, plotted to destroy the dynasty, and betrayed every debt of grace—crimes under the standing code of punishments. The law of exposing the severed head is the common practice of every state. Punishment of the wicked must look to lasting warning; evil must be uprooted to the depths. We your ministers have deliberated and propose that on the day of execution, following the Han precedent applied to Wang Mang, his head be lacquered and kept in the imperial armory. Thus it may serve as a warning to all and a lesson for generations to come." The edict granted approval.

質初下，義宣以質子敦為征虜將軍、雝州刺史。質留子敞為監軍，將敦自隨，至是竝為武昌郡所執送。敦官至黃門郎。敦弟敷，司徒屬。敷弟敞，太子洗馬。敞弟斁，敦子仲璋，質之二子二孫未有名，同誅。

When Zang Zhi first marched out, Prince Yi of Nanqiao appointed Zhi's son Dun General Who Subdues Barbarians and Governor of Yong Province. Zang Zhi left his son Chang behind as army supervisor and took Dun with him. Now both were captured by Wuchang commandery and sent under guard. Dun had risen to the post of Gentleman of the Yellow Gate. Dun's younger brother Fu served as an aide in the Chancellor's office. Fu's younger brother Chang was Groom in Attendance to the Crown Prince. Yi, Chang's younger brother; Zhongzhang, Dun's son; and Zhi's two sons and two still-nameless grandsons—all were put to death together.

質之起兵也，豫章太守任薈之、臨川內史劉懷之、鄱陽太守杜仲儒竝為盡力，發遣郡丁，并送糧運，伏誅。任薈之，字處茂，樂安人也。歷世祖、南平王鑠撫軍右軍司馬、長史行事。太祖稱之曰：「望雖不足，才能有餘。」杜仲儒，杜驥兄子也。豫章望蔡子相孫沖之起義拒質，質遣將郭會膚、史山夫討之，為沖之所破。世祖發詔，以為尚書都官曹郎中。沖之，太原中都人，晉秘書監盛曾孫也。官至右軍將軍，巴東太守。後事在劉琬傳。沈靈賜以破質前軍於南陵功，封南平縣男，食邑三百戶。贈崔勳之通直郎。大司馬參軍劉天賜亦梁山戰亡，追贈給事中。

When Zang Zhi rose in arms, the prefect of Yuzhang Ren Huizhi, the Administrator of Linchuan Liu Huaizhi, and the prefect of Poyang Du Zhongru all gave him their full support, dispatching district militia and sending grain convoys. All were put to death. Ren Huizhi, style name Chumao, came from Le'an. He served under Emperor Xiaowu and held the posts of Right Army Major and acting Chief of Staff on the Pacification Army staff of Prince Shao of Nanping. Emperor Wen said of him: "His reputation may fall short, but his talent more than makes up for it." Du Zhongru was Du Ji's nephew. Sun Chongzhi, grandson of the Wangcai Marquis of Yuzhang, raised the righteous banner against Zang Zhi. Zhi sent generals Guo Huifu and Shi Shanfu against him and was defeated. Emperor Xiaowu issued an edict appointing him Attendant in the Department of Punishments of the Secretariat. Chongzhi came from Zhongdu in Taiyuan and was a great-grandson of the Jin Master of Writing Sheng. He rose to General of the Right Army and Prefect of Badong. His later career is recounted in the biography of Liu Wan. For defeating Zang Zhi's vanguard at Nanling, Shen Lingci was enfeoffed as Baron of Nanping county with a fief of three hundred households. Cui Xunzhi was posthumously awarded the title Gentleman for Direct Remonstrance. Liu Tianci, a staff officer of the Grand Marshal, also died at the battle of Liangshan and was posthumously granted Gentleman Attendant at the Palace Gates.

魯爽，小名女生，扶風郿人也。祖宗之，字彥仁，晉孝武太元末，自鄉里出襄陽，歷官至南郡太守。義熙元年起義，襲偽雝州刺史桓蔚，進向江陵。以功為輔國將軍、雝州刺史，封霄城縣侯，食邑千五百戶。桓謙、荀林逼江陵，宗之率眾馳赴，事在臨川烈武王道規傳。進號平北將軍。高祖討劉毅，與宗之同會江陵，進號鎮北將軍，封南陽郡公，食邑二千五百戶。子軌，一名象齒，爽之父也。便弓馬，筋力絕人，為竟陵太守。宗之自以非高祖舊隸，屢建大功，有自疑之心。會司馬休之見討，猜懼，遂與休之北奔。善於撫御，士民皆為盡力，衛送出境，盡室入羌，頃之病卒。高祖定長安，軌為寧南將軍、荊州刺史、襄陽公，鎮長社。世祖鎮襄陽，軌遣親人程整奉書，規欲歸順，自拔致誠，以昔殺劉康祖、徐湛之父，故不歸。太祖累遣招納，許以為司州刺史。

Lu Shuang, whose childhood name was Nüsheng, came from Mei in Fufeng commandery. His ancestor Zongzhi, style name Yanren, left his home district for Xiangyang in the closing years of the Taiyuan era under Jin Emperor Xiaowu and rose through the ranks to Prefect of Nan Commandery. In the first year of Yixi he joined the righteous uprising, struck at the rebel Governor of Yong Huan Wei, and marched on Jiangling. For his service he was made General Who Supports the State and Governor of Yong Province, enfeoffed as Marquis of Xiaocheng county with a fief of fifteen hundred households. When Huan Qian and Xun Lin pressed Jiangling, Zongzhi raced to the city's aid—the account is given in the biography of Prince Daowu of Linchuan. He was promoted to the title General Who Pacifies the North. When the High Ancestor marched against Liu Yi, he joined Zongzhi at Jiangling, was promoted to General Who Guards the North, and enfeoffed as Duke of Nanyang commandery with a fief of twenty-five hundred households. His son Gui, also called Xiangchi, was Lu Shuang's father. A master of bow and horse with strength beyond ordinary men, he served as Prefect of Jingling. Zongzhi knew he was not one of the High Ancestor's old companions, yet he had won great merit again and again, and this bred doubt in his own heart. When Sima Xiuzhi came under attack, Zongzhi, fearful and suspicious, fled north with him. Skilled at winning men to his side, he drew the full loyalty of gentry and commoners alike, who escorted him beyond the frontier. The whole household entered Di territory, and before long he died of illness. After the High Ancestor secured Chang'an, Gui was appointed General Who Pacifies the South, Governor of Jing Province, and Duke of Xiangyang, with his seat at Changshe. When Emperor Xiaowu was stationed at Xiangyang, Gui sent his kinsman Cheng Zheng with a letter offering to surrender and prove his loyalty. But because he had once killed Liu Kangzu and the father of Xu Dan, his offer was refused. Emperor Wen sent envoy after envoy to win him over, promising him the post of Governor of Si Province.

爽少有武藝，虜主拓跋燾知之，常置左右。元嘉二十六年，軌死，爽為寧南將軍、荊州刺史、襄陽公，鎮長社。幼染殊俗，無復華風。粗中使酒，數有過失，燾將誅之。爽有七弟秀，小字天念，頗有意略，才力過爽。燾以充宿衛，甚知待之。偽高梁王阿叔泥為芮芮所圍甚急，使秀往救，燾自率大眾繼其後。燾未及至，秀已擊破之，拔阿叔泥而反。燾壯其功，以為中書郎，封廣陵侯。或告燾，鄴民欲據城反，復遣檢察，并燒石虎殘宮殿。秀常乘驛往反，是時病還遲，為燾所詰讓，秀復恐懼。燾尋南寇，因從渡河。

Lu Shuang showed martial talent from an early age, and the Northern Wei ruler Tuoba Tao, knowing of it, kept him constantly at his side. In the twenty-sixth year of Yuanjia, Gui died, and Lu Shuang succeeded him as General Who Pacifies the South, Governor of Jing Province, and Duke of Xiangyang, with his seat at Changshe. Raised among foreign customs from childhood, he had long lost any trace of Chinese refinement. He was coarse and quick to drink, and repeatedly gave offense; Tuoba Tao was on the point of putting him to death. Lu Shuang had a younger brother, the seventh-born Xiu—childhood name Tiannian—who was quite astute in counsel and surpassed his brother in both talent and prowess. Tuoba Tao assigned him to the palace guard and showed him extraordinary favor. The rebel Prince of Gaoliang, Ashuni, was hard pressed in a Rouran siege; Xiu was dispatched to relieve him while Tuoba Tao personally led a great army to follow. Before Tuoba Tao could arrive, Xiu had already routed the enemy, rescued Ashuni, and marched back. Tuoba Tao commended his exploit, making him a Secretariat Gentleman and enfeoffing him as Marquis of Guangling. Someone informed Tuoba Tao that the Ye populace meant to hold the city in rebellion; Xiu was again dispatched to investigate, and burned as well the ruined palaces of Shi Hu. Xiu often traveled these missions by post relay; this time illness delayed his return, and Tuoba Tao's rebuke left him once more in fear. When Tuoba Tao soon after launched a southern campaign, Xiu went with him across the Yangtze.

先是，程天祚為虜所沒，燾引置左右，與秀囗寬，勸令歸降，秀納之。天祚，廣平人，為殿中將軍，有武力。元嘉二十七年，助戍彭城，會世祖遣府劉泰之輕軍襲虜於汝陽，天祚督戰，戰敗被創，為虜所獲。天祚妙善針術，燾深加愛賞，或與同輿，常不離於側，封為南安公。燾北還蕃，天祚因其沈醉，偽若受使督切後軍者，所至輕罰。天祚為燾所愛，群虜並畏之，莫敢問，因得逃歸，後為山陽太守。太宗初，與四方同反，事在薛安都傳。

Earlier, Cheng Tianzuo had fallen into enemy hands; Tuoba Tao kept him at court, where he met Xiu and grew close to him, urging defection to the south—a counsel Xiu took to heart. Tianzuo came from Guangping and held the post of Palace Gate General; he was a man of proven fighting strength. In the twenty-seventh year of Yuanjia, while helping hold Pengcheng, Cheng Tianzuo found himself in the path of a light column under Liu Taizhi, dispatched by Emperor Xiaowu to strike the enemy at Ruyang. He led the defense, was defeated and wounded, and taken captive. Tianzuo was an expert with the needle; Tuoba Tao prized him highly, sometimes rode with him in the same carriage, kept him always at hand, and enfeoffed him as Duke of Nan'an. As Tuoba Tao marched north toward Fan, Tianzuo waited until he was drunk, then posed as an envoy charged with disciplining the rear guard, handing out only light punishments as he went. Because Tuoba Tao favored Tianzuo, the tribesmen feared him too and dared not challenge his authority; he thus made his escape home and later served as Prefect of Shanyang. In the early reign of Emperor Ming he rebelled along with others across the realm; the account is given in the biography of Xue Andu.

燾始南行，遣爽隨永昌王庫仁真向壽陽，與弟瑜共破劉祖於尉武，仍至瓜步，始得與秀定歸南之謀。燾還至湖陸，爽等請曰：「奴與南有仇，每兵來，常慮禍及墳墓，乞共迎喪，還葬國都。」虜群下於其主稱奴，猶中國稱臣也。燾許之。長社戍虜有六七百人，爽譎之曰：「南更有軍，可遣三百騎往界上參聽。」騎去，爽率腹心夜擊餘虜，盡殺之，馳入虎牢。

At the opening of Tuoba Tao's southern march, he sent Lu Shuang with Prince Yongchang Kurzhen toward Shouyang. Shuang and his brother Yu together defeated Liu Zu at Yuwu and pressed on to Guabu, where he at last conspired with Xiu to defect south. When Tuoba Tao withdrew to Hulu, Shuang and his party pleaded: "Your servant bears a blood feud with the south; with every campaign we dread for our family graves. We beg permission to fetch our forebears' remains and rebury them in the capital." Among the northern tribes, retainers addressed their lord as "your servant"—the equivalent of "your minister" at the Liu Song court. Tuoba Tao consented. At Changshe the enemy garrison numbered six or seven hundred men. Shuang tricked them: "Southern reinforcements are near—send three hundred riders to the border to scout." When the riders had left, Shuang led his trusted men in a night assault, slaughtered the remaining garrison, and raced into Hulao.

爽唯第三弟在北，餘家屬悉自隨，率部曲及願從合千餘家奔汝南。遣秀從許昌還壽陽，奉辭於南平王鑠曰：「爽、秀得罪晉朝，負釁三世，生長絕域，遠身胡虜，兄弟闔門，淪點偽授，殞命不可，還國無因。近係南雲，傾屬東日，蓋猶痿人思步，盲者願明。嵩、霍咫尺，江、河匪遠，夷庚壅塞，隔同天地，痛心疾首，書慨宵悲。虜主倡狂，豺豕其志，虐遍華、戎，怨結幽顯。自盱眙旋軍，亡殪過半，昏酣沈湎，恣性肆身。爽、秀等因民之憤，藉將旅之願，齊契義奮，梟馘醜徒，馮恃皇威，肅清逋穢，牢、洛諸城，指期克定。規以涓塵，微雪夙負，方當束骸北闕，待戮司寇，懦節未申，伏心邊表。明大王殿下以叡茂居蕃，文武兼姿，遠邇欽傾，承風聞德，願垂援拯，以慰虔望。老弱百口，先遣歸庇。逼逼丹心，仰希懷遠。謹遣同義潁川聶元初奉詞陳聞。」鑠馳驛以聞，上大說，下詔曰：「偽寧南將軍魯爽、中書郎魯秀，志幹列到，忠誠久著，撫茲福先，闔門效款，招集義銳，梟剪獯醜，肅定邊城，獻馘象魏。雖宣孟之去翟歸晉，頹當之出胡入漢，方之此日，曾何足云。朕實嘉之，宜即授任，逞其忠略。爽可督司州、陳留、東郡、濟陰、濮陽五郡諸軍事、征虜將軍、司州刺史。秀可輔國將軍、滎陽、潁川二郡太守。其諸子弟及同契士庶，委征虜府以時申言，詳加酬敘。」爽至汝南，加督豫州之義陽、宋安二郡軍事，領義陽內史，將軍、刺史如故。秀參右將軍南平王鑠軍事、汝陰內史，將軍如故。餘弟姪竝授官爵，賞賜資給甚厚。爽北鎮義陽。北來部曲凡六千八百八十三人，是歲二十八年也。虜毀其墳墓。

Only Lu Shuang's third brother stayed behind in the north; the rest of the clan accompanied him, and he led his retainers and volunteers—more than a thousand households in all—to flee toward Runan. He dispatched Xiu from Xuchang to Shouyang with a formal address to Prince Shuo of Nanping: "Lu Shuang and Lu Xiu have sinned against the dynasty across three generations. Reared in the wild borderlands among the northern tribes, our entire house sank into foreign service. Death seemed our only prospect; return home, a hopeless dream. Long tied to southern clouds, we now turn to the eastern sun—in the manner of a cripple who aches to walk, or a blind man who craves light. Mount Song and Mount Huo stand within a stone's throw; the great rivers are not far away—yet the Yi Geng road is choked, and we are sundered as if by heaven and earth. Our hearts ache; we write in anguish and weep through the night. The northern ruler runs wild, his heart that of wolf and boar; his tyranny reaches Han and alien alike, and resentment fills both the seen and unseen worlds. Since the retreat from Xuyi, more than half his army has perished, yet he plunges deeper into drink and debauchery. Lu Shuang and Lu Xiu, riding the people's rage and the army's will to fight, vow to march in righteous fury and cut down the enemy. Trusting in the emperor's might, they will purge the border of its scourge and take Hulao and Luoyang in short order. We offer this small service to lighten debts owed since birth; we meant to present ourselves at the northern gate for judgment by the law—our fealty still unproved, our hearts bowed at the border. Your Highness, luminous in wisdom and virtue in your princely domain, master of both pen and sword—the world looks to you. Having heard of your renown, we beg your protection to satisfy our earnest hope. We have already sent ahead our hundred dependents—the aged and frail—to seek your protection. Our hearts burn with longing; we look to your mercy for those far from home. We humbly dispatch Nie Yuanchu of Yingchuan, who shares our cause, to deliver this petition." Shuo forwarded the memorial by express courier. The emperor was delighted and decreed: "The former Northern Wei General Who Pacifies the South, Lu Shuang, and Secretariat Gentleman Lu Xiu have long shown steadfast loyalty and martial resolve. Their whole house has proved its good faith; rallying righteous fighters, they cut down the northern foe, secured the frontier, and sent captured heads to the capital. Even Xu Meng's departure from the Di to serve Jin, or Tui Dang's crossing from the steppe into the Han world—placed beside this day, what are they worth? I am deeply pleased and would have them appointed forthwith to put their loyalty and strategic gifts to use. Lu Shuang is appointed Commander over the five commanderies of Si Province—Chenliu, Dong, Jiyin, and Puyang—General Who Punishes the Barbarians, and Governor of Si Province. Lu Xiu is appointed General Who Supports the State and Prefect of Yingyang and Yingchuan. Their brothers, nephews, and all who joined their cause should be reported to Shuang's headquarters in turn for proper reward." On reaching Runan, Lu Shuang was additionally charged with military affairs in Yiyang and Song'an of Yu Province and named Administrator of Yiyang, while retaining his existing titles as general and governor. Lu Xiu was made military adviser to Prince Shuo of Nanping, Right General, and Administrator of Ruyin, retaining his rank as general. His other brothers and nephews received official posts and titles as well, with lavish gifts and supplies. Lu Shuang took up a northern garrison at Yiyang. Those who had followed him from the north numbered 6,883 in all—the year was the twenty-eighth year of Yuanjia. The northern enemy razed their family graves.

明年四月入朝，時燾已死，上更謀經略。五月，遣爽、秀、程天祚等率步騎並荊州軍甲士四萬，出許、洛。八月，虜長社戍主永平公禿髮幡乃同棄城走。進向大索戍，戍主偽豫州刺史跋僕蘭曰：「爽勇而無防，我今出城，必輕來據之，設伏檀山，必可禽也。」爽果夜進，秀諫不止，馳往繼之。比曉，虜騎夾發，賴秀縱兵力戰，虜乃退還虎牢。爽因進攻之，本期舟師入河，斷其水門。王玄謨攻碻磝不拔，敗退，水軍不至，爽亦收眾南還。轉鬬數百里，至曲彊，虜候其饑疲，盡銳來攻，爽身自奮擊，虜乃退走。

The following year, in the fourth month, he appeared at court. Tuoba Tao was dead by then, and the emperor turned once more to plans of northern conquest. In the fifth month the court sent Lu Shuang, Lu Xiu, Cheng Tianzuo, and others with infantry and cavalry—forty thousand armored men of the Jing army—to advance through Xu and Luoyang. In the eighth month the enemy garrison chief at Changshe, Duke of Yongping Tufa Fan, fled the city together with Nai Tong. Marching on the Dasuo garrison, the rebel Governor of Yu, Ba Pulan, proposed: "Lu Shuang is bold but careless. If I quit the city, he will rush in to seize it—an ambush on Mount Tan will take him." Lu Shuang did advance by night; Lu Xiu's warnings failed to hold him back, and he raced after his brother. At daybreak enemy cavalry struck from both flanks; only Lu Xiu's desperate counterattack drove them back to Hulao. Lu Shuang pressed the assault, expecting the fleet to enter the river and block the waterworks. Wang Xuamo failed to take Que'ao and fell back in defeat; with the fleet never arriving, Lu Shuang too withdrew south. After fighting retreat over hundreds of li to Quqiang, the enemy waited until Lu Shuang's men were hungry and exhausted, then threw their best troops at them. Shuang fought in the van himself and drove them off.

爽直出歷陽，自采石濟軍，與質水陸俱下。爽遣弟瑜守蒙蘢，歷陽太守張幼緒請擊瑜，世祖配以兵力。遣左軍將薛安都步騎為前驅，別遣水軍入淵，分路竝會。安都進次大峴，爽已立營。世祖以賊強壘固，未可輕拔，使量宜進止。幼緒便引軍退還，下獄。更遣驍騎將軍垣護之代幼緒據歷陽。鎮軍將軍沈慶之係安都進軍，與爽相遇於小峴。爽親自前，將戰，而飲酒過醉，安都刺爽倒馬，左右范雙斬首，傳送京都。瑜亦為部下所斬送，進平壽陽，子弟竝伏誅。

Lu Shuang marched straight on Liyang, ferried his army at Caishi, and joined Zang Zhi in a combined land-and-water advance. Lu Shuang left his brother Yu to hold Menglong. Zhang Youxu, Prefect of Liyang, asked to strike at Yu, and Emperor Xiaowu gave him the forces he requested. Xue Andu, General of the Left Army, led infantry and cavalry as vanguard, while a separate fleet entered the Yuan—the columns to meet by separate routes. Xue Andu moved up to Daxian to find Lu Shuang already encamped. Emperor Xiaowu judged the rebel position too strong for a hasty assault and ordered his commanders to advance or hold as circumstances required. Zhang Youxu nevertheless pulled his troops back and was thrown into prison. The court replaced him with Yuan Huzhi, Valiant Cavalry General, to hold Liyang. Shen Qingzhi, General Who Guards the Army, followed Xue Andu's advance and encountered Lu Shuang at Xiaoxian. Lu Shuang rode to the front to fight but was dead drunk. Xue Andu ran him through and toppled him from his horse; Fan Shuang, an attendant, took his head and sent it to the capital. Yu was killed by his own men and his head sent in; the army took Shouyang, and Lu Shuang's brothers and sons were all put to death.

義宣初舉兵，召秀加節，進號征虜將軍，當繼諶之俱下。雝州刺史朱脩之起兵奉順，更遣秀擊脩之。王玄謨聞之，喜曰：「魯秀不來，臧質易與耳。」秀至襄陽，大敗而反。會益州刺史劉秀之遣軍襲江陵，秀擊破之。義宣還江陵，秀與共北走，眾叛且盡。秀向城，上射之，中箭，赴水死，軍人宗敬叔、康僧念斬首，傳京邑。

When Prince Yi of Nanqiao first rebelled, he called on Lu Xiu with full insignia, promoted him to General Who Punishes the Barbarians, and expected him to follow Liu Chenzhi south. When Zhu Xiuzhi, Governor of Yong, rallied to the throne, Prince Yi sent Lu Xiu against him instead. Wang Xuamo heard the news and exclaimed with delight: "Without Lu Xiu, Zang Zhi will be easy pickings." Lu Xiu reached Xiangyang and was routed. Liu Xiuzhi, Governor of Yi, sent a column against Jiangling; Lu Xiu repulsed it. Prince Yi of Nanqiao withdrew to Jiangling; Lu Xiu fled north with him as their army melted away. Lu Xiu turned toward the city walls; archers above struck him down. He threw himself into the water and drowned. Soldiers Zong Jingshu and Kang Sengnian cut off his head and sent it to the capital.

贈韋處穆、楊元駒給事中，庾騰之員外散騎侍郎。爽初南歸，秀以爽武人，不閑吏職，白太祖請處穆為長史以輔爽，太祖以補司馬，後轉長史云。

Wei Chumu and Yang Yuanju were posthumously made Gentlemen Attendant at the Palace Gates; Yu Tengzhi was posthumously made Supernumerary Gentleman Attendant of the Palace. When Lu Shuang first defected south, Lu Xiu—knowing his brother was a soldier unversed in civil office—petitioned Emperor Wen to assign Wei Chumu as chief administrator to counsel him. The emperor first named Chumu vice-marshal, later chief administrator.

沈攸之，字仲達，吳興武康人，司空慶之從父兄子也。父叔仁，為衡陽王義季征西長史，兼行參軍，領隊，又隨義季鎮彭城，度征北府。攸之少孤貧，元嘉二十七年，索虜南寇，發三吳民丁，攸之亦被發。既至京都，詣領軍將軍劉遵考，求補白丁隊主。遵考謂之曰：「君形陋，不堪隊主。」因隨慶之征討。二十九年，征西陽蠻，始補隊主。巴口建義，南中郎府板長史，兼行參軍。新亭之戰，身被重創，事寧，為太尉行參軍，封平洛縣五等侯。隨府轉大司馬行參軍。晉世京邑二岸，揚州舊置都部從事，分掌二縣非違，永初以後罷省，孝建三年，復置其職。攸之掌北岸，會稽孔璨掌南岸，後又罷。攸之遷員外散騎侍郎。又隨慶之征廣陵，屢有功，被箭破骨。世祖以其善戰，配以仇池步矟。事平，當加厚賞，為慶之所抑，遷太子旅賁中郎，攸之甚恨之。七年，遭母憂，葬畢，起為龍驤將軍、武康令。

Shen Youzhi, courtesy name Zhongda, came from Wukang in Wuxing commandery and was a cousin of the Minister of Works Shen Qingzhi. His father Shuren served as chief administrator on Prince Yiji of Hengyang's western campaign staff, concurrently as acting staff officer and company commander. He followed Yiji to Pengcheng and then crossed to the northern expedition headquarters. Shen Youzhi was orphaned and poor as a youth. In the twenty-seventh year of Yuanjia, when the northern enemy invaded the south, the Three Wu districts drafted civilians—and he was among them. Reaching the capital, he sought out Liu Zunkao, General Who Leads the Army, and asked to be made squad leader of a conscript unit. Liu Zunkao told him: "You are too homely in appearance to lead a squad." He therefore joined Shen Qingzhi on campaign instead. In year 29, on the campaign against the Xiyang tribes, he received his first appointment as squad leader. When the righteous cause was raised at Bakou, the southern adjunct's headquarters appointed him chief administrator and acting staff officer. At the battle of Xinting he took grave wounds. After peace was restored he became acting staff officer to the Grand Marshal and was enfeoffed as Marquis of the fifth rank of Pingluo county. He followed the command to the post of acting staff officer to the Grand Marshal. Under the Jin, attendants of the capital department in Yang Province had overseen law and order on both banks of the Jiankang riverfront; the post lapsed after Yongchu but was restored in Xiaojian 3. Shen Youzhi took the north bank; Kong Can of Kuaiji the south—the office was abolished again soon after. Shen Youzhi was promoted to supernumerary gentleman attendant cavalier. He again followed Shen Qingzhi to Guangling, distinguishing himself repeatedly until an arrow shattered his bone. Emperor Xiaowu, valuing his prowess in battle, armed him with a Congchi pike. When the campaign ended he deserved rich reward, but Shen Qingzhi blocked it; he was transferred to central commander of the crown prince's household guard—a slight Shen Youzhi bitterly resented. In year seven he mourned his mother; when the funeral rites were done he was recalled as General of Agile Cavalry and magistrate of Wukang.

前廢帝景和元年，除豫章王子尚車騎中兵參軍，直閣，與宗越、譚金等並為廢帝所寵，誅戮群公，攸之等皆為之用命。封東興縣侯，食邑五百戶。尋遷右軍將軍，增邑百戶。太宗即位，以例削封。宗越、譚金等謀反，攸之復召入直閣，除東海太守。未拜，會四方反叛，南賊已次近道，以攸之為寧朔將軍、尋陽太守，率軍據虎檻。時王玄謨為大統，未發。前鋒有五軍在虎檻，五軍後又絡驛繼至，每夜各立姓號，不相稟受。攸之謂軍吏曰：「今眾軍姓號不同，若有耕夫漁父，夜相呵叱，便致駭亂，取敗之道也。」乃就一軍請號，眾咸從之。殷孝祖為前鋒都督，而大失人情，攸之內撫將士，外諧群帥，眾並倚賴之。時南賊前鋒鍾沖之、薛常寶等屯據赭圻，殷孝祖率眾軍攻之，為流矢所中死，軍主范潛率五百人投賊，人情震駭，並謂攸之宜代孝祖為統。時建安王休仁屯虎檻，揔統眾軍，聞孝祖死，遣寧朔將軍江方興、龍驤將軍劉靈遺各率三千人赴赭圻。攸之以為孝祖既死，賊有乘勝之心，明日若不更攻，則示之以弱。方興名位相亞，必不為己下，軍政不一，致敗之由。乃率諸軍主詣方興，謂之曰：「四方並反，國家所保，無復百里之地。唯有殷孝祖為朝廷所委賴，鋒鏑裁交，輿尸而反，文武喪氣，朝野危心。事之濟否，唯在明旦一戰，戰若不捷，則大事去矣。詰朝之事，諸人咸謂吾應統之，自卜懦薄，幹略不辦及卿，今輒相推為統。但當相與戮力爾。」方興甚悅。攸之既出，諸軍主並尤之，攸之曰：「卿忘廉、藺、寇、賈之事邪？吾本以濟國活家，豈計彼此之升降。且我能下彼，彼必不能下我，共濟艱難，豈可自厝同異！」明旦進戰，自寅訖午，大破賊於赭圻城外，追奔至姥山，分遣水軍乘勢進討；又破其水軍，拔胡、白二城。

In Jinghe 1 under the Former Deposed Emperor he was made central army staff officer on Prince Zishang of Yuzhang's staff and palace attendant on direct duty. He and Zong Yue, Tan Jin, and others were favorites of the tyrant; when the emperor slaughtered the great nobles, Shen Youzhi and his fellows carried out his orders. The court enfeoffed him as Marquis of Dongxing county with a fief of five hundred households. He was soon promoted to General of the Right Army with a hundred added households to his fief. When Emperor Ming took the throne, Shen Youzhi's fief was reduced by precedent. When Zong Yue and Tan Jin plotted rebellion, Shen Youzhi was again called to palace duty and appointed prefect of Donghai. Before Shen Youzhi could assume office, rebellions erupted across the realm and southern rebel forces were closing on the road. He was appointed General of Pacifying the North and Prefect of Xunyang and led troops to hold Hujian. Wang Xuamo then held supreme command but had not yet marched. Five vanguard armies were at Hujian, with more arriving in relays behind them. Each night every unit used its own family name and password, with no chain of command between them. Shen Youzhi told the staff officers: "Our units all use different passwords now. If farmers or fishermen shouted at each other in the dark they would panic—and so would we. That is the road to defeat." He unified the armies under one unit's password, and all complied. Yin Xiaozu commanded the vanguard but had lost the troops' loyalty. Shen Youzhi mollified the ranks within and kept the other generals on side; everyone looked to him. Southern rebel vanguard Zhong Chongzhi and Xue Changbao held Zheqi. Yin Xiaozu attacked and was killed by a stray arrow. Army commander Fan Qian took five hundred men over to the enemy. Morale collapsed, and officers agreed Shen Youzhi should succeed Xiaozu. Prince Xiuren of Jian'an held Hujian in overall command. On hearing of Xiaozu's death he sent Jiang Fangxing, General of Pacifying the North, and Liu Lingyi, General of Agile Cavalry, each with three thousand men, to Zheqi. Shen Youzhi reasoned that with Xiaozu dead the enemy would think they had won; failing to attack again the next day would look like weakness. Fangxing's rank matched his own; he would never take orders from him. Divided command was a sure route to defeat. He took the army commanders to Fangxing and said: "The realm is in revolt; what the throne still holds is less than a hundred li of ground. Only Yin Xiaozu was the court's chosen champion—blades had barely crossed when his body came back on a cart. Officers and officials alike lost heart; court and country trembled. Success or failure hangs on tomorrow's fight alone. Lose it and all is lost. Everyone expects me to take command tomorrow. I know myself too timid and my generalship no match for yours—so I am deferring command to you. We need only fight together with all our strength. Fangxing was delighted. When Shen Youzhi left, the other commanders blamed him. He said: "Have you forgotten Lian Po and Lin Xiangru—or Kou Yun and Jia Yi? I aim to save the realm and our households—not to haggle over who ranks above whom. I can yield to him; he would never yield to me. In crisis we must pull together—not pick quarrels!" Next morning they fought from dawn till noon, routing the rebels outside Zheqi and chasing them to Laoshan, while a river column pressed the pursuit. They crushed the enemy fleet too and took the cities of Hu and Bai.

尋假攸之節，進號輔國將軍，代孝祖督前鋒諸軍事。薛常寶在赭圻食盡，南賊大帥劉胡屯濃湖，以囊盛米繫流查及船腹，陽覆船，順風流下，以餉赭圻。攸之疑其有異，遣人取船及流查，大得囊米。攸之從子懷寶，為賊將帥，在赭圻，遣親人楊公贊齎密書招誘攸之，攸之斬公贊，封懷寶書呈太宗。尋克赭圻，遷使持節、督雍、梁、南、北秦四州、郢州之竟陵諸軍事、冠軍將軍、領寧蠻校尉、雍州刺史。

He was soon given full insignia and promoted to General Who Supports the State, succeeding Xiaozu as commander of the vanguard. With Xue Changbao starving at Zheqi, rebel commander Liu Hu at Nonghu loaded rice into sacks lashed to rafts and hulls, feigning wrecks to drift supplies downwind to Zheqi. Shen Youzhi suspected a trick, seized the craft and rafts, and captured a great haul of rice. His nephew Huaibao commanded rebels at Zheqi and sent Yang Gongzan with a secret letter to win Shen Youzhi over. Shen Youzhi executed Gongzan and forwarded the sealed letter to Emperor Ming. Zheqi fell soon after. He was made Bearer of the Staff, commander of Yong, Liang, southern and northern Qin, and Ying's Jingling, General Who Championed the State, Colonel Director of Barbarian Affairs, and Governor of Yong.

袁顗復率大眾來入鵲尾，相持既久，軍主張興世越鵲尾上據錢溪，劉胡自攻之。攸之率諸將攻濃湖，顗遣人傳唱錢溪已平，眾竝懼。攸之曰：「不然。若錢溪實敗，萬人中應有逃亡得還者。必是彼戰失利，唱空聲以惑眾耳。」勒軍中不得妄動。錢溪信尋至，果大破賊。攸之悉以錢溪所送胡軍耳鼻示之，顗駭懼，急追胡還。攸之諸軍悉力進攻，多所斬獲，日暮引歸。鵲尾食盡，遣千人往南陵迎米，為臺軍所破，燒其資實，胡於是棄眾而奔，顗亦叛走。赭圻、濃湖之平也，賊軍委棄資財，珍貨殷積，諸軍各競收斂，以強弱為少多。唯攸之、張興世約勒所部，不犯秋毫，諸將以此多之。攸之進平尋陽，徙監郢州諸軍事、前將軍、郢州刺史，持節如故。不拜，遷中領軍，封貞陽縣公，食邑二千戶。

Yuan Yi returned with a great army at Quewei. After a long stalemate Zhang Xingshi slipped above Quewei to hold Qianxi, and Liu Hu attacked him in person. Shen Youzhi led the generals against Nonghu. Yuan Yi spread word that Qianxi had fallen, and panic spread through the ranks. Shen Youzhi said: "That cannot be true. If Qianxi had truly fallen, some of ten thousand men would have fled back to us. They lost a fight and are bluffing to unsettle us." He forbade any rash movement in the ranks. News from Qianxi soon arrived: Zhang Xingshi had indeed routed the enemy. Shen Youzhi paraded the severed noses and ears Liu Hu's men had sent from Qianxi. Yuan Yi panicked and recalled Liu Hu at once. Shen Youzhi's columns pressed the attack hard, taking many heads and prisoners, then withdrew at dusk. Starving at Quewei, the rebels sent a thousand men to Nanling for grain. Imperial troops destroyed them and burned their stores. Liu Hu fled with a remnant; Yuan Yi bolted too. When Zheqi and Nonghu fell the rebels left fortunes behind. Every unit scrambled for loot, each according to its strength. Only Shen Youzhi and Zhang Xingshi kept their men from touching a thing. The other generals respected them for it. Shen Youzhi took Xunyang and was appointed supervisor of Ying military affairs, General of the Vanguard, and Governor of Ying, retaining Bearer of the Staff. He declined the post and was made Central Army Commander instead, enfeoffed Duke of Zhenyang with two thousand households.

時四方皆已平定，徐州刺史薛安都據彭城請降，上雖相酬許，而辭旨簡略。攸之前將軍，置佐吏，假節，與鎮軍將軍張永以重兵徵安都。安都懼，要引索虜；索虜引大眾援之。攸之等米船在呂梁，又遣軍主王穆之上民口；穆之為虜攻覆米船，又破運車於武原，攸之等引退，為虜所乘，又值寒雪，士眾墮指十二三。留長水校尉王玄載守下邳，積射將軍沈韶守宿豫，睢陵、淮陽亦置戍，攸之還淮陰。免官，以公領職。復求進討，上不聽，入朝面陳，又不許，復歸淮陰。三年六月，自率運送米下邳，并鑿四周深塹，遣龍驤將軍垣護之領民口還淮陰。

With the realm pacified, Xue Andu holding Pengcheng as Governor of Xu offered surrender. The emperor agreed in principle but his reply was terse and cool. Shen Youzhi went as General of the Vanguard with a full staff and delegated authority, joining Zhang Yong, General Who Guards the Army, with a strong force to accept Andu's surrender. Fearing a trap, Andu called in the northern enemy; who sent a great army to his aid. Shen Youzhi's grain fleet lay at Lüliang, and he sent Wang Muzhi upriver with the civilian population; The enemy overturned the grain ships and smashed transport wagons at Wuyuan. Shen Youzhi fell back under pursuit in driving snow; ten or twenty percent of his men lost fingers to frostbite. Wang Xuanzai, Long Waters Colonel, held Xiapi; Shen Shao, General of Accumulated Archers, held Suyu; garrisons were posted at Suiling and Huaiyang; Shen Youzhi withdrew to Huaiyin. He was stripped of office but kept his title and duties as duke. He asked to resume the offensive; the emperor refused. He came to court to plead in person and was refused again, then returned to Huaiyin. In the sixth month of year three he personally convoyed grain to Xiapi, dug deep outer trenches, and sent Yuan Huzhi, General of Agile Cavalry, to escort the civilian population back to Huaiyin.

時軍主陳顯達當領千兵守下邳，攸之留待顯達至，虜遣清泗間人詐告攸之云：「安都欲降，求軍迎接。」攸之副吳喜納其說，咸謂宜遣千人參之，既而來者轉多，喜所執彌固。攸之乃集來者告之，語曰：「薛徐州早宜還朝，今能爾，深副本望。但遣子弟一人來，便當遣大軍相接。君諸人既有志心，若能與薛子弟俱來者，皆即假君以本鄉縣，唯意所欲；如其不爾，無為空勞往還。」自此一去不反。

Chen Xianda was due to take a thousand men to Xiapi; Shen Youzhi waited for him. Enemy agents from the Qing and Si region falsely told Shen Youzhi that Andu wanted to surrender and asked for an escort. His aide Wu Xi believed it, and others urged sending a thousand men. More messengers kept coming, and Wu Xi dug in. Shen Youzhi then gathered the messengers and said: "Prefect Xue of Xu should have returned to court long ago. That he is ready now is exactly what I hoped for. Send one of his younger kinsmen and I will dispatch a great force to receive you. If you are truly loyal and come with Xue's kinsmen, I will appoint each of you magistrate of your home district, as you choose; otherwise do not waste your time on empty journeys." None of those who went ever came back.

其年秋，太宗復令攸之進圍彭城。攸之以清泗既乾，糧運不繼，固執以為非宜，往反者七。上大怒，詔攸之曰：「卿春中求伐彭城，吾恐軍士疲勞，且去冬奔散，人心未宜復用，不許卿所啟。今便不肯為吾行邪？卿若不行，便可使吳喜獨去。」攸之懼，乃奉旨進軍。行至遲墟，上悔，追軍令反。攸之還至下邳，而陳顯達於睢口為虜所破，龍驤將軍姜產之、司徒參軍高遵世戰沒。虜追攸之甚急，因交戰，被矟創，會暮，引軍入顯達壘，夕眾散，八月十八日也。攸之棄眾南奔。

That autumn Emperor Ming again ordered Shen Youzhi to besiege Pengcheng. With the Qing and Si rivers dry and supplies cut off, Shen Youzhi argued hard that the campaign was ill-advised—seven exchanges back and forth. The emperor flew into a rage and wrote Shen Youzhi: "In spring you asked to attack Pengcheng. I feared your men were exhausted and, after last winter's rout, not fit to fight again—so I refused. Now you refuse to march for me? If you refuse to march, Wu Xi can go in your place." Alarmed, Shen Youzhi obeyed and marched. At Chixu the emperor changed his mind and ordered the army back. Shen Youzhi was back at Xiapi when Chen Xianda was crushed at Sui mouth; Jiang Chanzhi, General of Agile Cavalry, and Gao Zunshi, staff officer to the Minister of Works, were killed. The enemy pressed Shen Youzhi hard. He took a pike wound in the fighting, reached Chen Xianda's camp at dusk, and by nightfall his army had melted away—on the eighteenth of the eighth month. Shen Youzhi abandoned his army and fled south.

初，吳興丘幼弼、丘隆先、沈誕、沈榮守、吳陸道量，並以文記之才隨攸之，及張永北討，永一奔，攸之再敗，幼弼等並皆陷沒。攸之之還淮陰，以為持節、假冠軍將軍、行南兗州刺史。追贈姜產之左軍將軍，高遵世屯騎校尉。

Wuxing men Qiu Youbi, Qiu Longxian, Shen Dan, Shen Rongshou, and Wu Ludao had joined Shen Youzhi for their clerical and literary skills. Zhang Yong fled once in the northern campaign; Shen Youzhi lost twice—and all of them perished. On returning to Huaiyin he was made Bearer of the Staff, acting General Who Champions the State, and acting Governor of South Yan. Jiang Chanzhi was posthumously made General of the Left Army; Gao Zunshi Colonel of Garrison Cavalry.

四年，徵攸之為吳興太守，辭不拜。乃除左衛將軍，領太子中庶子。五年，出為持節、監郢州諸軍、郢州刺史。為政刻暴，或鞭士大夫，上佐以下有忤意，輒面加詈辱。將吏一人亡叛，同籍符伍充代者十餘人。而曉達吏事，自強不息，士民畏憚，人莫敢欺。聞有虎，輒自圍捕，往無不得，一日或得兩三。若逼暮不獲禽，則宿昔圍守，須曉自出。賦斂嚴苦，徵發無度，繕治船舸，營造器甲。自至夏口，便有異圖。六年，進監豫州之西陽、司州之義陽二郡軍事，進號鎮軍將軍。

In year four the court summoned him as Prefect of Wuxing; he refused. He was made General of the Left Guard and grand supervisor of the crown prince's household instead. In year five he was posted as Bearer of the Staff, supervisor of Ying military affairs, and Governor of Ying. His rule was brutal: he whipped gentry officials and publicly abused any subordinate who crossed him, chief aides on down. One deserter meant more than ten men from his register and mutual-responsibility group were conscripted to replace him. Yet he knew administration inside out, drove himself relentlessly, and was so feared that no one dared cheat him. At word of a tiger he hunted it in person and never missed—sometimes two or three in a day. If dusk found him empty-handed he camped on the ring and waited till morning to bring the beast out. He taxed harshly, conscripted without limit, and built ships and arms. From the moment he reached Xiakou he was already plotting. In year six he was made supervisor of Xiyang in Yu and Yiyang in Si and promoted to General Who Guards the Army.

江州刺史桂陽王休範密有異志，以微旨動攸之，使道士陳公昭作天公書一函，題云「沈丞相」，送付攸之門者；攸之不開書，推得公昭，送之朝廷。後廢帝元徽二年，休範舉兵襲京邑，攸之謂僚佐曰：「桂陽今反朝廷，必聲云與攸之同。若不顛沛勤王，必增朝野之惑。」於是遣軍主孫同、沈懷奧興軍馳下，受郢州刺史晉熙王燮節度。同等始過夏口，會休範平，還。進攸之號征西大將軍、開府儀同三司，固讓開府。

Prince Xiufan of Guiyang, Governor of Jiang, nursed secret ambitions and sounded Shen Youzhi out, having the Daoist Chen Gongzhao write a "heavenly decree" addressed to "Minister Shen" and deliver it to Shen Youzhi's gate; Shen Youzhi never opened the letter, traced the messenger to Chen Gongzhao, and sent him to court. In Yuanhui year two under Emperor Houfei, Xiufan rebelled and struck the capital. Shen Youzhi told his staff: "Xiufan will surely claim I am in league with him. Unless we march at once to defend the throne, court and country will only grow more confused." He sent army commanders Sun Tong and Shen Huai'ao south at speed under the command of Prince Xie of Jinxi, Governor of Ying. Sun Tong's column had barely passed Xiakou when Xiufan was crushed, and they turned back. Shen Youzhi was promoted to General on Campaign West with Grand Master honors equal to the Three Excellencies, but firmly declined the grand establishment.

攸之自擅閫外，朝廷疑憚之，累欲徵入，慮不受命，乃止。群公稱皇太后令，遣中使問攸之曰：「久勞於外，宜還京輦，然任寄之重，換代殊為未易，還止之宜，一以相委。」欲以觀察其意。攸之答曰：「荷國重恩，名器至此，自惟凡陋，本無廊廟之姿。至如戍防一蕃，撲討蠻蜓，可強充斯任。雖自上如此，豈敢厝心去留，歸還之事，伏聽朝旨。」朝廷逾懾憚，徵議遂息。四年，建平王景素據京城反，攸之復應朝廷；景素尋平。

Holding power on the frontier, Shen Youzhi alarmed the court, which repeatedly tried to recall him but desisted for fear he would refuse. Senior officials cited an empress-dowager order and sent a palace envoy to ask Shen Youzhi: "You have long served on the frontier and ought to return to the capital; yet your post is too weighty to replace easily. Whether to come back or stay—we leave the decision to you. They meant to read his intentions. Shen Youzhi replied: "The throne has heaped honor on me, yet I know my own mediocrity—I was never cut out for court. Guarding a frontier and fighting barbarians is work I can just manage. Whatever Your Majesty prefers, I dare not choose for myself. If I am to return, I await your order." The court grew only more alarmed, and talk of recall died away. In Yuanhui year four Prince Jing Su of Jianping rebelled in the capital; Shen Youzhi again rallied to the throne; Jing Su was soon crushed.

初元嘉中，巴東、建平二郡，軍府富實，與江夏、竟陵、武陵並為名郡。世祖于江夏置郢州，郡罷軍府，竟陵、武陵亦並殘壞，巴東、建平為峽中蠻所破，至是民人流散，存者無幾。其年春，攸之遣軍入峽討蠻帥田五郡等。及景素反，攸之急追峽中軍，巴東太守劉攘兵、建平太守劉道欣並疑攸之自有異志，阻兵斷峽，不聽軍下。時攘兵元子天賜為荊州西曹，攸之遣天賜譬說之，令其解甲，一無所問。攘兵見天賜，知景素實反，乃釋甲謝愆，攸之待之如故，後以攘兵為府司馬。劉道欣堅守建平，攘兵譬說不回，乃與伐蠻軍攻之，破建平，斬道欣。

In early Yuanjia, Badong and Jianping—with their military headquarters—ranked with Jiangxia, Jingling, and Wuling among the empire's richest commanderies. Emperor Xiaowu created Ying Province at Jiangxia, abolishing those headquarters. Jingling and Wuling fell to ruin too; gorge tribes ravaged Badong and Jianping until almost no one remained. That spring Shen Youzhi sent troops into the gorges against the tribal chief Tian Wujun and others. When Prince Jing Su rebelled, Shen Youzhi pressed hard after the gorge army. Liu Rangbing, Prefect of Badong, and Liu Daoxin, Prefect of Jianping, both suspected Shen Youzhi of his own designs; they blocked the passes with troops and would not let his army come down. Rangbing's eldest son Tianci was then Western Assistant of Jing Province. Shen Youzhi sent Tianci to persuade his father, promising that if he disarmed, no account would be taken of the offense. When Rangbing saw Tianci, he learned that Jing Su had indeed rebelled. He laid down his arms and apologized for his fault. Shen Youzhi treated him as before and later appointed him chief of staff of his headquarters. Liu Daoxin held fast at Jianping and would not be swayed even by Rangbing's pleading. Shen Youzhi then joined the barbarian-suppression force in the attack, took Jianping, and executed Daoxin.

臺直閣高道慶家在江陵，攸之初至州，道慶時在家，牒其親戚十餘人，求州從事西曹，攸之為用三人。道慶大怒，自入州取教，毀之而去。及還都，不詣攸之別。道慶至都，云：「攸之聚眾繕甲，姦逆不久。」楊運長等常相疑畏，乃與道慶密遣刺客，齎廢帝手詔，以金餅賜攸之州府佐吏，進其階級。時有象三頭至江陵城北數里，攸之自出格殺之，忽有流矢集攸之馬障泥，其後刺客事發。

Gao Daoqing of the palace direct retinue had his family in Jiangling. When Shen Youzhi first arrived in the province, Daoqing was at home and petitioned on behalf of more than ten relatives for posts as provincial attendants or western assistants. Shen Youzhi took on three of them. Daoqing was furious. He entered the provincial office himself, seized the appointment order, tore it up, and walked out. When he returned to the capital, he did not call on Shen Youzhi to take his leave. Arriving at the capital, Daoqing said: "Shen Youzhi is gathering troops and repairing armor; treason will come soon." Yang Yunchang and his circle lived in mutual fear and suspicion. Together with Daoqing they secretly sent assassins bearing the Deposed Emperor's handwritten edict, rewarding Shen Youzhi's provincial and headquarters staff with gold cakes and promoting their ranks. Three elephants appeared several li north of Jiangling. Shen Youzhi went out himself and killed them. Suddenly a stray arrow struck the mudguard of his horse; afterward the assassination plot came to light.

廢帝既殞，順帝即位，進攸之號車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，加班劍二十人。遣攸之長子司徒左長史元琰齎廢帝刳斮之具以示攸之。元琰既至江陵，攸之便有異志，腹心議有不同，故其事不果。其年十一月，乃發兵反叛。攸之素蓄士馬，資用豐積，至是戰士十萬，鐵馬二千。遣使要雝州刺史張敬兒、梁州刺史范伯年、司州刺史姚道和、湘州行事庾佩玉、巴陵內史王文和等。敬兒、文和斬其使，馳表以聞；伯年、道和、佩玉懷兩端，密相應和。

After the Deposed Emperor died and Emperor Shun took the throne, Shen Youzhi was promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry, Grand Master with Establishment Honors Equal to the Three Excellencies, with twenty added swords of office. They sent Shen Youzhi's eldest son Yuan Yan, left chief administrator of the Minister of Education, bearing the instruments with which the Deposed Emperor had been dismembered to show his father. When Yuan Yan reached Jiangling, Shen Youzhi already harbored rebellious intent. His closest advisers were divided, and the plot came to nothing. In the eleventh month of that year he finally raised troops in rebellion. Shen Youzhi had long stocked troops and horses and amassed rich supplies. By then he had a hundred thousand fighting men and two thousand armored cavalry. He sent envoys to summon Zhang Jinger, Inspector of Yong; Fan Bonian, Inspector of Liang; Yao Daodao, Inspector of Si; Yu Peiyu, acting Inspector of Xiang; Wang Wenhe, Administrator of Baling; and others. Jinger and Wenhe beheaded his envoys and sent urgent reports to the throne; Bonian, Daodao, and Peiyu hedged on both sides and secretly answered in agreement.

十二月十二日，攸之遣其輔國將軍、中兵參軍、督前鋒軍事孫同，率寧朔將軍中兵參軍武寶、龍驤將軍騎兵參軍朱君拔、寧朔將軍沈慧真、龍驤將軍中兵參軍王道起；又遣司馬、冠軍將軍劉攘兵，率寧朔將軍外兵參軍公孫方平、龍驤將軍騎兵參軍朱靈寶、龍驤將軍騎兵參軍沈僧敬、龍驤將軍高茂；又遣輔國將軍中兵參軍王靈秀、輔國將軍中兵參軍丁珍東，率寧朔將軍中兵參軍王珍之、寧朔將軍外兵參軍楊景穆，相繼俱下。攸之自率輔國將軍錄事參軍兼司馬武茂宗、輔國將軍中兵參軍沈韶、寧朔將軍中兵參軍皇甫賢、寧朔將軍中兵參軍胡欽之、龍驤將軍中兵參軍東門道順，閏十二月四日至夏口。攸之將發江陵，使沙門釋僧桀筮之，曰：「不至京邑，當自郢州回還。」意甚不悅。初，江津有雲氣，狀如塵霧，從西北來，正蓋軍上。至沌口，云：「當問訊安西，暫泊黃金浦。」既登岸，郢城出軍擊之。攸之聞齊王世子據盆口，震懾不敢下，因攻郢城。時齊王輔政，遣眾軍西討。尚書符征西府曰：

On the twelfth day of the twelfth month Shen Youzhi dispatched Sun Tong, General Who Assists the State, central army staff officer, and supervisor of vanguard operations, leading Wu Bao, central army staff officer and General Who Pacifies the North; Zhu Junba, cavalry staff officer and General of Dragon Cavalry; Shen Huizhen, General Who Pacifies the North; and Wang Daoqi, central army staff officer and General of Dragon Cavalry; He also sent Chief of Staff and General of Champions Liu Rangbing, leading Gongsun Fangping, external army staff officer and General Who Pacifies the North; Zhu Lingbao, cavalry staff officer and General of Dragon Cavalry; Shen Sengjing, cavalry staff officer and General of Dragon Cavalry; and Gao Mao, General of Dragon Cavalry; He also sent Wang Lingxiu and Ding Zhendong, central army staff officers and Generals Who Assist the State, leading Wang Zhenzhi, central army staff officer and General Who Pacifies the North, and Yang Jingmu, external army staff officer and General Who Pacifies the North, all marching down in succession. Shen Youzhi himself led Wu Maozong, recording staff officer, concurrent chief of staff, and General Who Assists the State; Shen Shao and Huangfu Xian, central army staff officers and Generals Who Assist the State; Hu Qinzhi, central army staff officer and General Who Pacifies the North; and Dongmen Daoshun, central army staff officer and General of Dragon Cavalry. They reached Xiakou on the fourth day of the intercalary twelfth month. Before leaving Jiangling, Shen Youzhi had the monk Shi Jiejie perform divination. The answer came: "You will not reach the capital; you will turn back from Ying Province." He was deeply displeased. Earlier, at the river crossing a cloud of vapor like dust and mist rolled in from the northwest and settled directly over the army. At Zhunkou he said: "We shall go to inquire after the Guarding-West army and moor briefly at Huangjin Ford." Once ashore, Ying city sent out troops to attack them. Shen Youzhi heard that the Prince of Qi's heir held Pankou and, shaken with fear, dared not press on. He therefore turned to attack Ying city. At the time the Prince of Qi was regent and dispatched the armies west to punish the rebel. An order from the Secretariat to the Western Campaign headquarters said:

尊冠賤屨，君臣之位，奉順忌逆，成敗斯兆，未有憑陵我郊圻，侵軼我河縣，而不焚師殪甲，靡旗亂轍者也。沈攸之少長庸賤，擢自閻伍，邀百戰之運，乘一捷之功，鐫山裂地，腰金扡紫，窮貴於國，極富於家。擁旄蕃伯，便無北面之禮；受督志屏，即有專征之釁。橘柚不薦，璆{王替}罕入，箕賦深斂，毒被南郢，枉繩矯墨，害著西荊，饕餮其心，谿壑其性，從始至終，沿壯得老。今遂驅迫妖黨，繕集尪卒，結釁外城，送死中甸，是而可忍，孰不可懷！

The lofty cap and lowly shoes mark the station of lord and subject; to obey what is right and dread rebellion is to read success and failure in advance. Never yet has anyone who overran our outskirts and trampled our river counties escaped with his army burned, his armor destroyed, his banners scattered, and his chariot tracks in chaos. Shen Youzhi was lowborn from youth to age, plucked from common ranks. He rode the fortune of a hundred battles and the wind of one quick victory—carving mountains and splitting earth, girding gold and grasping purple—until he stood at the summit of state rank and wealth in his house. Wielding a commander's banner as a frontier lord, he no longer observed the rites of facing north toward the throne; Once entrusted with supervision over a border province, he already bore the taint of independent command. He offered no tribute of oranges and pomelos; precious jade seldom reached court; he taxed heavily with winnowing-basket levies and spread poison through southern Ying; he bent the plumb line and falsified the law, and harm showed plainly in western Jing. Gluttony filled his heart and ravines and gullies his nature—from beginning to end he grew old in the very fullness of his violence. Now he drives demonic factions, gathers weakened soldiers, strikes provocation beyond the walls, and sends them to die in the central plains. If this can be borne, what outrage cannot stir the heart!

今遣新除使持節、督郢州之義陽諸軍事、平西將軍、郢州刺史、聞喜縣開國侯黃回、員外散騎常侍、冠軍、驍騎將軍、南臨淮太守、重安縣開國子、軍主王敬則、輔國將軍、屯騎校尉、長壽縣開國男王宜與、輔國將軍、南高平太守、軍主陳承叔、輔國將軍、左軍將軍、南濮陽太守、葛陽縣開國男、軍主彭文之、龍驤將軍、驃騎行參軍、軍主召宰，精甲二萬，前鋒雲騰。又遣散騎常侍、領游擊將軍、湘南縣開國男、新除使持節、督湘州諸軍事、征虜將軍、湘州刺史、軍主呂安國、屯騎校尉、寧朔將軍崔慧景、輔國將軍、軍主任候伯、輔國將軍、驍騎將軍、軍主蕭順之、輔國將軍、游擊將軍、軍主垣崇祖、寧朔將軍、虎賁中郎將、軍主尹略、屯騎校尉、南城令曹虎頭，舳艫二萬，駱驛繼邁。又遣輔國將軍、後軍將軍、右軍中兵參軍事、軍主苟元賓、寧朔將軍、撫軍中兵參軍事、軍主郭文孝、龍驤將軍、撫軍中兵參軍事、軍主程隱雋，輕艓一萬，截其津要。新除持節督廣、交、越、寧、湘州之廣興諸軍事、領平越中郎將、征虜將軍、廣州刺史、統馬軍主、沌陽縣開國子周盤龍、輔國將軍、後軍統馬軍主張文憘、龍驤將軍、軍主薛道淵、冠軍將軍、游擊將軍、并州刺史、南清河太守、太原公、軍主王敕勤、龍驤將軍、射聲校尉王洪軌、龍驤將軍、冗從僕射、軍主成置等，鐵馬五千，龍驤後陳。凡此諸帥，莫不勇力動天，勁志駕日，接衝拔距，鷹瞵鶚視，顧盼則前後風生，喑嗚則左右電起，以此攻城，何城不克，以此赴敵，何陳能堅。然後鑾戎薄臨，龍虎百萬，六軍齊軌，五輅舒斾，丹檻發照，素甲生波，樓煩白羽，投鞍成岳，漁陽墨騎，浴鐵為群，芝艾同焚，悔將何及。

We now dispatch Huang Hui, newly appointed Bearer of the Staff, commander of military affairs for Yiyang and related regions of Ying Province, General Who Pacifies the West, Governor of Ying, and Marquis of Wenxi county; Wang Jingze, supernumerary senior adjunct in the palace secretariat, General of Champions and General of Valiant Cavalry, Prefect of Nanlinhuai, Viscount of Chong'an county, and army commander; Wang Yiyu, General Who Assists the State, Commandant of Escort Cavalry, and Baron of Changshou county; Chen Chengshu, General Who Assists the State, Prefect of Nan Gaoping, and army commander; Peng Wenzhi, General Who Assists the State, General of the Left Army, Prefect of Nan Puyang, Baron of Geyang county, and army commander; and Shao Zai, General of Dragon Cavalry, acting staff officer of the Rapid Cavalry General, and army commander—with twenty thousand elite armored troops, the vanguard rising like clouds. We also dispatch Lu Anguo, senior adjunct in the palace secretariat, General of Mobile Attack, Baron of Xiangnan county, newly appointed Bearer of the Staff, commander of military affairs for Xiang Province, General Who Campaigns against Barbarians, Governor of Xiang, and army commander; Cui Huijing, Commandant of Escort Cavalry and General Who Pacifies the North; Ren Houbo, General Who Assists the State and army commander; Xiao Shunzhi, General Who Assists the State, General of Valiant Cavalry, and army commander; Yuan Chongzu, General Who Assists the State, General of Mobile Attack, and army commander; Yin Lue, General Who Pacifies the North, Central Commander of the Tiger Guard, and army commander; and Cao Hutou, Commandant of Escort Cavalry and Magistrate of Nancheng—with twenty thousand warships advancing in relay without pause. We also dispatch Gou Yuanbin, General Who Assists the State, General of the Rear Army, right army central army staff officer, and army commander; Guo Wenxiao, General Who Pacifies the North, pacification army central army staff officer, and army commander; and Cheng Yinjun, General of Dragon Cavalry, pacification army central army staff officer, and army commander—with ten thousand light boats to cut off the strategic crossings. We also dispatch Zhou Panlong, newly appointed Bearer of the Staff, commander of military affairs for Guangxing and related regions of Guang, Jiao, Yue, Ning, and Xiang Provinces, concurrent Central Commander of Pacifying the Yue, General Who Campaigns against Barbarians, Governor of Guang, commander of cavalry forces, and Viscount of Zhunyang county; Zhang Wenxi, General Who Assists the State and rear army commander of cavalry forces; Xue Daoyuan, General of Dragon Cavalry and army commander; Wang Chiqin, General of Champions, General of Mobile Attack, Inspector of Bing, Prefect of Nan Qinghe, Duke of Taiyuan, and army commander; Wang Honggui, General of Dragon Cavalry and Commandant of Archers; and Cheng Zhi, General of Dragon Cavalry, supernumerary master of attendants, and army commander—with five thousand armored cavalry as the dragon-cavalry rear guard. None of these commanders lacks courage that moves heaven or resolve that outrides the sun. They meet the charge and pull up the stakes; like hawks and eagles they stare. A glance fore or aft and the wind rises; a battle cry left or right and lightning flashes. With such men to storm a city, what city would not fall? With such men to meet the foe, what formation could hold? Then the imperial army draws near—dragon and tiger hosts in the millions; the six armies march in unison and the five chariots unfurl their banners. Red rails blaze with light, white armor ripples like waves; Loufan's white-feathered arrows heap saddles like hills; Yuyang's black cavalry bathe iron into a horde. Wormwood and mugwort burn together—what remorse will there be time for?

符到之日，幸加三省。其鋒陳營壁之主，驅逼寇手之人，若有投命軍門，一無所問。或能因罪立績，終不爾欺，斬裾射玦，唯功是與。能斬送攸之首，封三千戶縣公，賜布、絹各五千匹。信如河海，皎然無貳。飛火軍攝文書，千里驛行。齊王出頓新亭，馳檄數攸之罪惡，曰：

When this order arrives, may you reflect thrice upon it. Commanders of vanguard formations and camp walls, men driven by the rebel's hand—if any surrender at the army gate, no question will be asked. Some may turn crime into merit and prove at last no deceit; whether one cuts a sleeve or shoots a jade ring, merit alone shall be rewarded. Whoever can behead Shen Youzhi and deliver his head shall be enfeoffed Marquis of a three-thousand-household county and granted five thousand bolts each of cloth and silk. The pledge is as sure as river and sea, bright and without duplicity. The Flying Fire Army conveys the document; a thousand li by post relay. The Prince of Qi went out and encamped at Xinting, sending proclamations at speed enumerating Shen Youzhi's crimes. He said:

夫彎弓射天，未見能至；揮戈擊地，多力安施。何則？逆順之勢定殊，禍福之驗易原也。是以違乎天者，鬼神不能使其成；會乎人者，聖哲不能令其毀。故劉濞賴七國連兵之勢，隗囂恃跨河據隴之資，毋丘儉伐其逾海越島之功，諸葛誕矜其待士愛民之德，彼四子者，皆當世雄傑，以犯順取禍，覆窟傾巢，為豎子笑。況乎行陳凡才，斗筲小器，而懷問鼎之志，敢構無君之逆哉！

To bend a bow and shoot at heaven—no one has ever seen it reach; To brandish a halberd and strike the earth—what use is mere strength? Why? Because the momentum of rebellion and obedience is utterly different, and the signs of disaster and fortune are easy to trace. Therefore one who goes against Heaven—neither ghosts nor spirits can make him succeed; One who goes with the people—neither sages nor worthies can cause his ruin. Liu Pi relied on the power of the Seven States massed in arms; Wei Xiao trusted his hold on the Yellow River and Long; Guanqiu Jian boasted of crossing the sea to distant islands; Zhuge Dan prided himself on treating scholars and loving the people. Those four were heroes of their age—yet by rebellion they brought disaster, their nests overturned and their dens destroyed, made the laughingstock of children. How much more for a common talent in the ranks, a dipper-and-measure small vessel, to cherish ambition to seize the tripod and dare to contrive rebellion without a lord!

逆賊沈攸之，出自萊畝，寂寥累世，故司空沈公以從父宗蔭，愛之若子，卵翼吹噓，得升官秩。廢帝昏悖，猜畏柱臣，攸之貪競乘機，凶忍趨利，躬行反噬，請銜誅旨。又攸之與譚金、童太壹等並受寵任，朝為牙爪，同功共體，世號三侯，當時親昵，情過管、鮑。遭仰革運，凶黨懼戮，攸之狡猾用數，圖全賣禍，既殺從父，又害良朋。雖呂布販君，酈寄賣友，方之斯人，未足為酷。此其不信不義，言詐翻覆，諸夏之所未有，夷狄之所不為也。泰始開闢，網漏吞舟，略其兇險，取其搏噬，故得階亂獲全，因禍保福。攸之空淺，躁而無謀，濃湖崩挫，本非己力；及北伐彭、泗，望賊宵奔；重討下邳，一鼓而遁；再鄙王師，又應肆法。先帝英聖，量深河海，宥其回谿之敗，冀收曲崤之捷，故得推遷幸會，頓升崇顯，內端戎禁，外臨方牧。聖靈鼎湖，遠頒顧命，託寄崇深，義感金石。而攸之始奉國諱，喜見於容，普天同哀，己以為慶。此其樂禍幸災，大逆之罪一也。

The rebel Shen Youzhi came from the fields; for generations his house was obscure. Former Minister of Works Shen Gong, through clan relation on the father's side, loved him as a son—sheltered and nurtured him until he rose in office and rank. The Deposed Emperor was muddled and perverse, fearful and suspicious of his pillar ministers. Shen Youzhi, greedy and contentious, seized the moment; cruel and ruthless, he rushed after profit—personally carrying out a counter-bite and requesting to bear the execution orders. Moreover Shen Youzhi, together with Tan Jin and Tong Taiyi and others, all received favor and trust—court fangs and claws in the morning, sharing merit and sharing body. Their age called them the Three Marquises; the intimacy of the time exceeded even Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya. When the upward turn of fate came, the wicked faction feared punishment. Shen Youzhi, sly and scheming, sought to save himself by selling disaster—he killed his father's-cousin and also destroyed a good friend. Though Lü Bu sold out his lord and Li Ji sold out his friend, compared with this man they hardly count as cruel. This faithlessness and unrighteousness, deceitful words and reversed pledges—what the civilized lands have never seen, what even the barbarians would not do. At the Taishi founding the net leaked, swallowing even great fish; his viciousness and danger were overlooked, his devouring bite taken in—so he survived the age of chaos whole and turned disaster into blessing. Shen Youzhi was shallow and empty, rash and without strategy; the collapse at Nong Lake was never his own strength; When the northern campaign reached Peng and Si, he fled at the sight of the enemy by night; At the second siege of Xiapi, one drumbeat and he fled; Twice he disgraced the royal army—he should again have been put to the law. Emperor Ming was sage and brilliant, his magnanimity deep as rivers and seas; he pardoned Shen Youzhi's defeat at the winding ravine and hoped to reap victory at the crooked pass—so Shen Youzhi was promoted by accumulated fortune to sudden eminence, inwardly guarding the army, outwardly facing frontier command. When the Sacred Spirit ascended to Ding Lake, a final charge was issued from afar—the entrustment was profound, the righteousness moving as metal and stone. Yet when Shen Youzhi first observed the state mourning, joy showed on his face; when all under heaven mourned alike, he took it for celebration. This rejoicing in disaster and good fortune at others' misfortune—the first of his great-rebellion crimes.

又攸之累登蕃兵，自郢遷荊，晉熙殿下以皇弟代鎮，地尊望重，攸之肆情陵侮，斷割候迎，料擇士馬，簡筭器甲，精器銳士，竝取自隨，郢城所留，十不遺一，專擅略虜，罔顧國典。此其苞藏禍志，不恭不虔，大逆之罪二也。

Also Shen Youzhi repeatedly held frontier command, moving from Ying to Jing. Prince Jinxi, the emperor's younger brother, replaced him in the garrison—high in station and heavy in prestige. Shen Youzhi indulged his passions in insult, cut off reception escorts, counted out soldiers and horses, sorted weapons and armor, and took the finest arms and sharpest troops all for himself; of what Ying city retained, not one in ten remained. He usurped and pillaged at will, heedless of state law. This harboring of evil intent, lacking respect and devotion—the second great-rebellion crime.

又攸之踐荊以來，恆用姦數，既欲發兵，宜有因假，遂乃蹙迫群蠻，騷擾山谷，揚聲討伐，盡戶發上，蟻聚郭邑，伺國盛衰，從來積年，永不解甲。遂使四野百縣，路無男人；耕田載租，皆驅女弱。自古酷虐，未聞有此。其侮蔑朝廷，大逆之罪三也。

Also since taking Jing, Shen Youzhi constantly used deceit; when he wished to raise troops he needed a pretext. He pressurized the tribal groups, harassed the valleys, raised the cry of punitive campaign, and conscripted every household; they swarmed like ants at city walls, watching whether the state flourished or declined. Year after year they never put off armor. Thus in the four wilds and hundred counties there were no men on the roads; Plowing fields and carrying rent—all were driven by women and the weak. Since antiquity, in cruel oppression nothing like this has been heard. This contempt for the court—the third great-rebellion crime.

去昔桂陽奇兵□起，京師內{畾大}，宗廟阽危。攸之任居上流，兵強地廣，救援顛沛，實宜悉力。國家倒懸，方思身慮，威遣弱卒三千，竝皆羸老，使就郢州，稟受節度，欲令判否之日，委罪晉熙。何其平日輈張，實輕周、邵，爾時恭謹，虛重皇戚。此其伏慝藏詐，持疑兩端，大逆之罪四也。

In years past the surprise army of Guiyang suddenly rose; the capital was thrown into internal turmoil; the ancestral temples stood on the brink of peril. Shen Youzhi held the upper reach with strong troops and broad territory; when the throne tottered in distress, he should truly have exerted all his strength. The state hung inverted; while others pondered their own bodies, he dispatched only three thousand weak troops, all old and enfeebled, ordering them to Ying Province to receive command—intending on the day of judgment to cast blame on Prince Jinxi. How in daily life he was arrogant and overbearing, truly belittling the Duke of Zhou and Duke of Shao; how in that hour he was merely feigning reverence, hollowly honoring the imperial kin. This hiding of malice and hoarding of deceit, holding doubt on both sides—the fourth great-rebellion crime.

又攸之累據方州，跋扈滋甚，招誘輕狡，往者咸納；羈絆行侶，過境必留。仕子窮困，不得歸其鄉；商人畢命，無由還其土。叛亡入境，輒加擁護；逋逃出界，必遣窮追。此其大逆之罪五也。

Also Shen Youzhi repeatedly held provincial command; his arrogance grew ever worse. He recruited the frivolous and cunning; whoever came, all were taken in; Travelers passing through were detained and never allowed to go on. Scholars in poverty could not return to their home districts; Merchants gave up their lives, with no way to return to their native soil. Deserters entering his borders were at once sheltered; Fugitives leaving his borders were surely pursued to the end. This is the fifth great-rebellion crime.

又攸之自任專恣，恃行慘酷，視吏若仇，遇民如草。峻太半之賦，暴參夷之刑。鞭捶國士，全用虜法；一人逃亡，闔宗補代。毒遍嬰孩，虐加斑白。獄囚恆滿，市血常流。男不得耕，女不得織。奔馳道路，號哭動天。皇朝赦令，初不遵奉，欲殺欲擊，故曠蕩之澤，長隔彼州。此其無君陵上，大逆之罪六也。

Also Shen Youzhi entrusted himself with arbitrary power, relying on cruel conduct; he looked on officials as enemies and treated the people like grass. He imposed taxes taking more than half; he inflicted punishment by execution of whole clans. Flogging state officers—all by barbarian law; When one man fled, the whole clan was seized to replace him. Poison spread even to infants; cruelty extended even to the gray-haired. Prisons were always full; the marketplace ran with blood. Men could not plow; women could not weave. They raced along the roads, wailing that shook heaven. The dynastic amnesties he at first never obeyed; whether to kill or strike lay entirely in his hands—so the broad forgiving mercy of the throne forever stayed beyond that province. This is his crime of disloyalty to his sovereign and contempt for superiors—the sixth capital offense of treason.

蒼梧狂凶，釁深桀、紂，猜貳外蕃，鴞目西顧。留其長息元琰，以為交質；父子分張，彌積年稔。賴社稷靈長，獨夫遄戮，攸之豫稟心靈，宜同歡幸。遂迷惑顛倒，深相嗟惜。舉言哀桀，揚聲吠堯。此其不辨是非，罔識善惡，違情背理，大逆之罪七也。

The Prince of Cangwu was wildly brutal, his wickedness surpassing even Jie and Zhou; he was doubly suspicious of the frontier provinces and cast predatory eyes toward the west. He kept his eldest son Yuan Yan as a hostage to guarantee their dealings; Father and son were torn apart, and the years of separation only deepened. By the enduring fortune of the state, the tyrant was swiftly put to death; Youzhi had long known this in his heart and ought to have rejoiced with all others. Yet he turned confused and perverse, deeply mourning and pitying the fallen tyrant. He spoke in grief for the tyrant and barked invective against the sage ruler. This is his failure to tell right from wrong, his blindness to good and evil, his defiance of human feeling and betrayal of reason—the seventh capital offense of treason.

廢昏立明，先代盛典，交、廣先到，梁、秦蚤及，而攸之密邇內畿，川塗弗遠，驛書至止，晏若不聞，未遣章表，奄積旬朔。防風後至，夏典所誅，此其大逆之罪八也。

Deposing the unworthy and enthroning the worthy was a classic rite of former dynasties; Jiao and Guang submitted first, Liang and Qin soon followed. Yet Youzhi lay close to the inner capital, with rivers and roads not far away—when imperial dispatches arrived he was serene as if he had not heard, sent no memorial of allegiance, and let weeks and months slip by. Fangfeng arrived late and was punished under the code of Xia—this is his eighth capital offense of treason.

昇明肇曆，恩深澤遠，申其父子之情，矜其骨肉之恩，馳遣元琰，銜使西歸，竝加崇授，寵貴重疊。元琰達西，便應反命，攸之得此集聚，蒙誰之恩？不荷盛德，反生仇釁，此其大逆之罪九也。

When the Shengming reign began, imperial grace ran deep and favor reached far; the bond between father and son was honored and family ties cherished. Yuan Yan was hastily sent home to the west with envoys bearing orders, and both father and son received elevated appointments, honors heaped upon honors. When Yuan Yan reached the west he should at once have reported back his mission—yet with this army Youzhi assembled, whose grace was he repaying? He did not accept this great kindness but instead stirred up enmity and rebellion—this is his ninth capital offense of treason.

攸之以谿壑之性，含梟鴆之腸，直置天壤，已稱醜穢。況乃舉兵內侮，逞肆奸回，斯實惡熟罪成之辰，決癰潰疽之日。幕府過荷朝寄，義百常憤，董司元戎，龔行天罰。今皇上聖明，將相仁厚，約法三章，輕刑緩賦，年登歲阜，家給人足，上有惠和之澤，下無樂亂之心。攸之不識天時，妄圖奸逆，舉無名之師，驅怨仇之黨。是以朝野審其易取，含識判其成禽。熊羆厲爪，蓄攫裂之心；虎豹摩牙，起吞噬之憤。鼓怒則冰原激電，奮發則霜野奔靁，以此定亂，豈移晷刻。雖復眾徒梗陸，舉郡阻川，何足以抗沸海之濤，當燒山之焰。

Youzhi, with the greed of a bottomless gorge and the heart of a bird of prey—even standing alone under heaven and earth he would already be called foul and vile. How much more now that he raises troops to strike at the heart of the realm and gives free rein to treachery—this is truly the hour when evil has ripened and guilt is complete, the day when the abscess must be lanced. The command has long borne the court's heavy trust, and righteous anger burns daily within it; it now directs the main army and marches to carry out heaven's punishment. The emperor is sage and enlightened, his generals and ministers humane and generous; the law has been simplified, punishments lightened and taxes eased; harvests are abundant and years prosperous, every household provided for and every person content; grace and harmony flow from above, and below there is no heart that delights in rebellion. Youzhi does not read the signs of heaven, vainly plots treason, raises an army without just cause, and drives a host of embittered malcontents. Therefore court and country alike see him as easy prey; all who understand the times judge that he is already as good as captured. Bears and grizzlies sharpen their claws, hearts full of tearing fury; tigers and leopards grind their teeth, roused to devouring rage. When wrath is roused, ice fields crack with lightning; when they strike, frostbound plains thunder—by such force rebellion will be quelled, and not a sundial's turn need pass. Even if his followers choke the roads and whole commanderies bar the rivers, how could they withstand the surge of a boiling sea or the blaze of mountains set afire?

彼土士民，罹毒日久，逃竄無路，常所憫然。今復相逼，起接鋒刃，交戰之日，蘭艾難分。土崩倒戈，宜為蚤計，無使一人迷昧，而九族就禍也。弘宥之典，有如皎日。

The gentry and common people of that region have long suffered under his cruelty, fleeing with nowhere to go—a plight we have always pitied. Now they are pressed again into the path of swords; on the day battle is joined, the innocent and the guilty will be hard to tell apart. When the earth splits and swords turn inward, you should act early; do not let one man's folly bring destruction upon nine generations of kin. The promise of broad pardon shines bright as the noonday sun.

攸之盡銳攻郢州，行事柳世隆隨宜距應，屢摧破之。攸之與武陵王贊箋曰：「江陵一緫八州，地居形勝，鎮撫之重，宜以上歸。本欲仰移節蓋，改臨荊部，所以未具上聞者，欲待至止，面自咨申。不圖重關擊柝，覲接莫由。若使匡朝之誠，終蔽於聖察，襲遠之舉，近擁於郢都，則無以謝烈士之心，何用塞義夫之志，便不犯關陵漢，期一接奉。若夫斬蛟陷石之卒，裂骼卷鐵之將，煙騰飆迅，容或驚動左右，苟不獲已，敢不先布下情。」又曰：「下官位重分陝，富兼金穴，子弟勝衣，爵命已及，親黨辨菽，抽序便加，耳倦弦歌，口厭粱肉，布衣若此，復欲何求？豈不知俛眉苟安，保養餘齒，何為不計百口，甘冒危難。誠感歷朝之遇，欲報之於皇家爾。昧理之徒，謂下官懷無厭之願，既貫誠於白日，不復明心於殿下。若使天必喪道，忠節不立，政復闔門碎滅，百死無恨。但高祖王業艱難，太祖劬勞日昃，卜世不盡七百之期，宗社已成他人之有。家國之事，未審於聖心何如？」

Youzhi threw his full strength against Ying Province; the acting governor Liu Shilong adapted his defense as needed and repeatedly routed him. Youzhi wrote to Prince Liu Zan of Wuling, saying: "Jiangling commands eight provinces at once and occupies commanding terrain—the weight of garrison and pacification ought properly to rest with the throne above. I originally meant to transfer my seal of authority and turn to oversee Jing; the reason I have not yet made a full report to the throne is that I wished to wait until I arrived and could speak face to face. I did not expect the passes to be barred and watch drums sounded—I have no way to gain audience. If loyalty to restore the dynasty should remain hidden from imperial sight, if a march meant to strike far is stalled before Ying—there is no way to answer the hearts of loyal dead, no way to satisfy men of honor—I shall not force the passes or cross the Han, but expect only one audience. As for soldiers who cut dragons and shatter stone, generals hardened as iron—as smoke rises and storms rush, they may perhaps alarm those nearby; if it cannot be helped, I dare not fail first to declare my intent." He also wrote: "Your servant's rank is as weighty as the Zhou domains divided between Duke Zhou and the Duke of Shao, his wealth rivals the vaults of gold; sons and brothers crowd his halls, titles and honors already granted; kin and allies receive promotion at a word; his ears are weary of music, his mouth sated with fine grain and meat—a man already so favored, what more could he desire? Do I not know how to bow my head, live at ease, and preserve my remaining years? Why then would I ignore the lives of a hundred kin and willingly court disaster? Moved by kindness shown across successive reigns, I wish only to repay the imperial house. Men blind to reason say your servant harbors boundless ambition—but having pledged my loyalty in the open light of day, I need no longer lay bare my heart before Your Highness. If heaven has truly abandoned the Way and loyalty can no longer stand, then even the destruction of my whole house and a hundred deaths would bring no regret. Yet the Founding Emperor's royal enterprise was won through hardship, and the Grand Ancestor toiled until the sun stood in the west—the dynasty's allotted span did not reach the full seven hundred years, and altar and state have already passed into another's hands. As for the affairs of house and state—I do not know what Your Majesty's sacred heart thinks of them?"

攸之遣中兵參軍公孫方平馬步三千向武昌，太守臧渙棄郡投西陽太守王毓，奔於盆口，方平因據西陽。建寧太守張謨率二守千人攻之，方平破走。攸之攻郢城久不決，眾心離沮。昇明二年正月十九日夜，劉攘兵燒營入降郢城，眾於是離散，不可復制。將曉，攸之斬劉天賜，率大眾過江，至魯山，諸軍因此散走。還向江陵，未百餘里，聞城已為雍州刺史張敬兒所據，無所歸，乃與第三子中書侍郎文和至華容界，為封人所斬送。

Youzhi sent Central Army Attendant Gongsun Fangping with three thousand horse and foot toward Wuchang. Prefect Zang Huan abandoned his commandery, joined Xiyang Prefect Wang Yu, and fled to Pankou; Fangping then occupied Xiyang. Jianning Prefect Zhang Mo led two guard units, a thousand men in all, to attack him; Fangping was defeated and fled. Youzhi's assault on Ying city dragged on without decision, and morale in the army collapsed. On the night of the nineteenth day of the first month in the second year of Shengming, Liu Rangbing burned his camp and surrendered to Ying city; the army then scattered beyond all control. Near dawn, Youzhi executed Liu Tianci, led the main force across the river to Lushan, and the armies thereupon broke and fled. Turning back toward Jiangling, he had gone less than a hundred li when he learned the city had already been taken by Yong Governor Zhang Jing'er. With nowhere to go, he went with his third son Wenhe, Attendant of the Secretariat, to the border of Huarong, where a frontier man cut off his head and sent it in.

攸之晚好讀書，手不釋卷，《史》、《漢》事多所諳憶，常歎曰：「早知窮達有命，恨不十年讀書。」及攻郢城，夜遇風浪，米船沉沒，倉曹參軍崔靈鳳女幼適柳世隆子，攸之正色謂曰：「當今軍糧要急，而卿不以在意，將由與城內婚姻邪？」靈鳳答曰：「樂廣有言，下官豈以五男易一女。」攸之歡然意解。

In his later years Youzhi loved reading and never let a scroll leave his hand; he knew many events from the Records and the Book of Han by heart and often sighed: "Had I known sooner that fortune and failure are fated, I would regret not having read for ten years." During the siege of Ying city, one night wind and waves struck and grain boats sank. Storehouse Attendant Cui Lingfeng's young daughter had married Liu Shilong's son. Youzhi said sternly: "Army grain is urgently needed, yet you show no concern—is this because of your marriage ties with the city?" Lingfeng replied: "As Yue Guang once said—would I trade five sons for one daughter?" Youzhi was pleased, and his suspicion vanished.

初，攸之招集才力之士，隨郡人雙泰真有幹力，召不肯來。後泰真至江陵賣買，有以告攸之者，攸之因留之，補隊副，厚加料理。泰真無停志，少日叛走，攸之遣二十人被甲追之，逐討甚急。泰真殺數人，餘者不敢近。欲過家將母去，事迫不獲，單身走入蠻；追者既失之，錄其母而去。泰真既失母，乃出自歸，攸之不罪，曰：「此孝子也。」賜錢一萬，轉補隊主，其矯情任笇皆如此。

At first Youzhi gathered men of talent and strength. Shuang Taizhen of Suiping was capable, but when summoned he refused to come. Later Taizhen came to Jiangling on business; someone informed Youzhi, who detained him, appointed him deputy squad chief, and treated him generously. Taizhen never wavered in his resolve; within days he fled. Youzhi sent twenty armored men in hot pursuit. Taizhen killed several of them, and the rest dared not come near. He wanted to stop at home and take his mother with him, but events pressed and he could not; alone he fled into the barbarian lands; the pursuers, having lost him, seized his mother and withdrew. After losing his mother, Taizhen came out and surrendered. Youzhi did not punish him, saying: "This is a filial son." He gave him ten thousand cash and promoted him to squad chief—all his feigned virtue and calculated showmanship were like this.

初，攸之賤時，與吳郡孫超之、全景文共乘小船出京都，三人共上引埭，有一人止而相之曰：「君三人皆當至方伯。」攸之曰：「豈有三人俱有此相？」相者曰：「骨法如此，若有不驗，便是相書誤耳。」其後攸之為郢、荊二州，超之廣州，景文豫州刺史。攸之初至郢州，有順流之志。府主簿宗儼之勸攻郢城，功曹臧寅以為：「攻守勢異，非旬日所拔，若不時舉，挫銳損威。今順流長驅，計日可捷，既傾根本，則郢城豈能自固。」攸之不從，既敗，諸將帥皆奔散，惟寅曰：「我委質事人，豈可苟免。我之不負公，猶公之不負朝廷也。」乃投水死。寅，字士若，東莞莒人也。

In his early days, when Youzhi was still obscure, he shared a small boat leaving the capital with Sun Chaozhi of Wu and Quan Jingwen. As the three climbed Yin Embankment together, a man stopped them and read their features, saying: "All three of you will rise to regional lord." Youzhi said: "Can all three of us share such a destiny?" The reader said: "Your bone structure says so—if it fails to come true, then the books of physiognomy are wrong." Afterward Youzhi became governor of Ying and Jing, Chaozhi governor of Guangzhou, and Jingwen governor of Yuzhou. When Youzhi first reached Ying Province, he intended to sail downstream toward the capital. Registrar Zong Yanzhi urged an attack on Ying city, but Personnel Officer Zang Yin argued: "The balance of attack and defense differs; the city cannot be taken in ten days. If you do not move at the right moment, your edge will dull and your prestige suffer. Now sweep downstream in a long drive—victory may come in counted days. Once the root is overturned, how can Ying city hold out on its own?" Youzhi did not listen. After defeat, all the commanders fled—only Yin said: "I pledged myself to serve a lord; how could I seek an easy escape? My loyalty to my lord is like my lord's loyalty to the court." He threw himself into the water and drowned. Yin, styled Shiruo, was a native of Ju in Dongguan.

先是，攸之在郢州，州從事輒與府錄事鞭，攸之免從事官，而更鞭錄事五十。謂人曰：「州官鞭府職，誠非體要，由小人凌侮士大夫。」倉曹參軍事邊榮為府錄事所辱，攸之自為榮鞭殺錄事。攸之自江陵下，以榮為留府司馬，守城。張敬兒將至，人或說之使詣敬兒降，榮曰：「受沈公厚恩，共如此大事，一朝緩急，便改易本心，不能行也。」城敗，見敬兒，敬兒問曰：「邊公何不早來？」榮曰：「沈公見留守城，而委城求活，所不忍也。本不蘄生，何須見問。」敬兒曰：「死何難得。」命斬之，歡笑而去，容無異色。泰山程邕之者，素依隨榮，至是抱持榮曰：「與邊公周遊，不忍見邊公前死，乞見殺。」兵不得行戮，以告敬兒，敬兒曰：「求死甚易，何為不許。」先殺邕之，然後及榮。三軍莫不垂泣，曰：「奈何一日殺二義士。」比之臧洪及陳容。榮，金城人也。

Earlier, while Youzhi was in Ying Province, a provincial aide repeatedly flogged the headquarters recorder. Youzhi removed the aide from office and instead gave the recorder fifty strokes. He told others: "For a provincial officer to flog a headquarters official is truly improper—but it happens because petty men bully their betters." Storehouse Attendant Bian Rong was insulted by the headquarters recorder, and Youzhi personally flogged the recorder to death on Rong's behalf. When Youzhi marched down from Jiangling, he left Rong behind as garrison marshal to hold the city. When Zhang Jing'er was about to arrive, some urged Rong to go over to him in surrender. Rong said: "I received Lord Shen's deep kindness and shared in this great undertaking; at the first turn of crisis to change my heart—I cannot do that." When the city fell, he was brought before Jing'er, who asked: "Lord Bian, why did you not come sooner?" Rong said: "Lord Shen entrusted me to hold the city, yet I would abandon the city to save my life—that I cannot bear. I never hoped to live—why ask me that?" Jing'er said: "Death—how hard is that to obtain?" He ordered him beheaded. Rong went to his death laughing, his expression unchanged. Cheng Yinzhi of Taishan had long followed Rong. Now he embraced Rong and said: "I have traveled with Lord Bian; I cannot bear to see him die before me—I beg to be killed as well." The soldiers hesitated to kill him and reported to Jing'er, who said: "If he seeks death, that is easily granted—why refuse?" Yinzhi was killed first, then Rong. The whole army wept and said: "How can two righteous men be killed in a single day?" People compared them to Zang Hong and Chen Rong. Rong was a native of Jincheng.

廢帝之殞也，攸之欲起兵，問其知星人葛珂之。珂之曰：「自古起兵，皆候太白。太白見則成，伏則敗。昔桂陽以太白伏時舉兵，一戰授首，此近世明驗。今蕭公廢昏立明，政值太白伏時，此與天合也。且太白尋出東方，東方利用兵，西方不利。」故攸之止不反。及後舉兵，珂之又曰：「今歲星守南斗，其國不可伐。」攸之不從。凡同逆丁珍東、孫同、裴茂仲、武茂宗、宗儼之竝伏誅。攸之表檄文疏，皆儼之詞也。臧渙詣盆城自歸，今皇帝命斬之。餘同惡或為亂軍所殺，或遇赦得原。

When the deposed emperor died, Youzhi wished to raise troops and consulted the astrologer Ge Kezhi. Kezhi said: "Since antiquity, all who raise troops watch the planet Venus. When Venus is visible, campaigns succeed; when it is hidden, they fail. Formerly the Prince of Guiyang raised troops while Venus was hidden; after one battle his head was taken—this is a clear recent proof. Now Lord Xiao has deposed the unworthy and enthroned the worthy—just as Venus is hidden. This accords with heaven. Moreover Venus will soon appear in the east; the east favors military action, the west is unlucky." Therefore Youzhi held back and did not rebel. When he later raised troops, Kezhi again said: "Jupiter now guards the Southern Dipper; that state cannot be attacked." Youzhi did not listen. All fellow conspirators Ding Zhendong, Sun Tong, Pei Maozhong, Wu Maozong, and Zong Yanzhi were executed together. Youzhi's memorials, proclamations, essays, and dispatches were all written by Yanzhi. Zang Huan went to Pancheng and surrendered; the present emperor ordered him executed. The remaining conspirators were either killed in the chaos or pardoned by amnesty.

史臣曰：臧質雖貪虐夙樹，問望多闕，奉義治流，本無吞噬之志也。徒欲以幼君弱政，期之於世祖，據有中流，嗣桓、庾之業。既主異穆、哀，臣皆代黨，雖禮秩外厚，而疑防內深，功高位重，終非自安之地，至於陵天犯順，其出於此乎！攸之伺隙西郢，年逾十載，擅命專威，無君已積。及天厭宋道，鼎運將離，不識代德之紀，獨迷樂推之數，公休既覆其族，攸之亦屠厥身。夫以釁亂自終，固異代如一也。

The historian writes: Although Zang Zhi had long been known for greed and cruelty and lacked much in public esteem, in governing Fengyi he originally had no ambition to swallow the realm. He merely hoped that under a young ruler and weak government he might look to Emperor Shizu, hold the middle Yangzi, and inherit the legacy of Huan Wen and Yu Liang. The throne had passed to a different line from Mu and Ai, while the ministers remained men of the founding generation. Outwardly honors were lavish, yet inwardly suspicion ran deep. With merit so great and rank so high, there was no lasting security—and to climb against Heaven and violate the right, did not that rebellion spring from this very soil? For more than ten years Shen Youzhi watched for his chance in Western Yong, issuing orders on his own authority and hoarding power, his defiance of the throne long since ingrained. When Heaven turned against the house of Song and the imperial mandate was about to shift, he failed to read the turning of dynastic virtue and clung alone to the fantasy that the people would thrust greatness upon him. Gong Xiu had already destroyed his house, and Youzhi in turn brought ruin on himself. To perish by treason and rebellion is, in every age, much the same.

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