Volume 29 Treatises 24: Geography 1

1

序自古聖王之受命也，莫不體國經野，以為人極。上應躔次，下裂山河，分疆畫界，建都錫社。是以放勳禦曆，修職貢者九州；文命會同，執玉帛者萬國。洎乎殷遷夏鼎，周黜殷命，雖質文之用不同，損益之途或革，而封建之制，率由舊章。於是分土惟三，列爵惟五，千里以制畿甸，九服以別要荒。十國為連，連有帥，倍連為卒，卒有正。皆所以式固鴻基，蕃屏王室，興邦致化，康俗庇人者歟！周德既衰，諸侯力政，干戈日用，戎馬生郊。強陵弱，眾暴寡，魯滅于楚，鄭滅于韓，田氏篡齊，六卿分晉。其餘弑君亡國，不得守其社稷者，不可勝數。逮於七雄競逐，二帝爭強，疆埸之事，一彼一此。秦始皇據百二之岩險，奮六世之餘烈，力爭天下，蠶食諸侯，在位二十餘年，遂乃削平宇內。懲周氏之微弱，恃狙詐以為強，蔑棄經典，罷侯置守。子弟無立錐之地，功臣無尺土之賞，身沒而區宇幅裂，及子而社稷淪胥。漢高祖挺神武之宏圖，掃清禍亂，矯秦皇之失策，封建王侯，並跨州連邑，有逾古典，而郡縣之制，無改于秦。逮于孝武，務勤遠略，南兼百越，東定三韓。通邛、笮之險途，斷匈奴之右臂，雖聲教遠洎，而人亦勞止。昭、宣之後，罷戰務農，戶口既其滋多，郡縣亦有增置。至於平帝，郡國一百有三，戶一千二百二十三萬。光武中興，承王莽之餘弊，兵戈不戢，饑疫薦臻，率土遺黎，十才一二，乃並省郡縣，四百餘所。明、章之後，漸至滋繁，郡縣之數，有加曩日。逮炎靈數盡，三國爭強，兵革屢興，戶口減半。有晉太康之後，文軌方同，大抵編戶二百六十余萬。尋而五胡逆亂，二帝播遷，東晉洎于宋、齊，僻陋江左，苻、姚之與劉、石，竊據中原，事蹟糾紛，難可具紀。

Preface: From antiquity, when sage kings received the Mandate, none failed to structure the state and regulate the countryside, establishing the standard by which people should live. Above they aligned with the celestial stations; below they divided mountains and rivers, drew borders, established capitals, and granted fief domains. Thus when Emperor Yao governed the calendar, the nine provinces maintained their tribute and duties; when Yu completed his labors and assembled the lords, ten thousand states brought jade and silk. When the Shang moved the Xia tripod and Zhou displaced the Shang Mandate, though the use of substance and ornament differed and the paths of reduction and increase sometimes changed, the feudal enfeoffment system generally followed the old statutes. Thereupon land was apportioned into three grades and ranks established in five levels; a thousand li defined the royal domain, and the nine concentric domains distinguished the inner regions from the outer and the wild marches. Ten states formed a lian, each with its leader; two lian formed a zu, each with its chief. All these were means to solidify the great foundation, shield the royal house, raise the state and bring about transformation, and comfort and shelter the people—were they not? When Zhou virtue declined, the feudal lords resorted to force; weapons were wielded daily, and war-horses were raised in the suburbs. The strong oppressed the weak and the many tyrannized the few; Lu was destroyed by Chu, Zheng by Han, the Tian clan usurped Qi, and the Six Ministers divided Jin. As for the rest who murdered their lords, lost their states, and could not preserve their altars of soil and grain, they are beyond counting. When the seven powers competed for dominance and the two emperors contended for supremacy, border affairs shifted back and forth. Qin Shihuang held the strategic mountain passes, drew upon the accumulated strength of six generations, strove for the realm, and gradually consumed the feudal lords; after more than twenty years on the throne, he finally pacified the entire realm. Taking warning from Zhou's weakness, he relied on cunning and deceit for strength, scorned and abandoned the classics, abolished feudal lords, and established commandery governors. His sons and younger brothers had not even a pin's point of land; his meritorious ministers received not a foot of territory in reward; upon his death the realm split apart, and by his son's time the altars of state were lost. Emperor Gaozu of Han raised a grand vision of divine martial prowess, swept away calamity and disorder, corrected Qin Shihuang's mistaken policies, and enfeoffed kings and marquises spanning multiple provinces and linked districts—exceeding the ancient norms—yet the commandery-and-county system remained unchanged from Qin. By the time of Emperor Wu, he diligently pursued far-reaching strategy, annexed the Hundred Yue in the south, and pacified the Three Han in the east. He opened the perilous routes to Qiong and Ze and severed the Xiongnu's right arm; though civilization's influence reached far, the people also grew weary. After the reigns of Emperors Zhao and Xuan, warfare ceased and agriculture was emphasized; the population grew ever more numerous, and commanderies and counties were also added. By the time of Emperor Ping, there were one hundred and three commanderies and kingdoms, with twelve million two hundred and thirty thousand households. When Emperor Guangwu restored the Han, inheriting the remaining evils of Wang Mang, weapons were not stilled and famine and pestilence came in succession; of the surviving people throughout the realm, only one or two in ten remained, so he merged and abolished more than four hundred commanderies and counties. After the reigns of Emperors Ming and Zhang, the population gradually increased again, and the number of commanderies and counties exceeded that of former days. When the Han line reached its end, the Three Kingdoms contended for supremacy; weapons and armor were raised repeatedly, and the population was halved. After the Taikang era of Jin, when writing and cart-tracks were unified, registered households totaled roughly two million six hundred thousand and more. Soon the Five Hu rose in rebellion and disorder, the two emperors were driven into exile, and Eastern Jin down through Song and Qi occupied the cramped Jiangzuo, while Fu and Yao together with Liu and Shi usurped the Central Plains; the events and traces were tangled and confused, and cannot be fully recorded.

2

梁武帝除暴寧亂，奄有舊吳，天監十年，有州二十三，郡三百五十，縣千二十二。其後務恢境宇，頻事經略，開拓閩、越，克復淮浦，平俚洞，破䍧柯，又以舊州遐闊，多有析置。大同年中，州一百七，郡縣亦稱於此。既而侯景構禍，台城淪陷，墳籍散逸，注記無遺，郡縣戶口，不能詳究。逮于陳氏，土宇彌蹙，西亡蜀、漢，北喪淮、肥，威力所加，不出荊、揚之域。州有四十二，郡唯一百九，縣四百三十八，戶六十萬。後齊承魏末喪亂，與周人抗衡，雖開拓淮南，而郡縣僻小。天保之末，總加並省，洎乎國滅，州九十有七，郡一百六十，縣三百六十五，戶三百三萬，周氏初有關中，百度草創，遂乃訓兵教戰，務谷勸農，南清江漢，西兼巴蜀，卒能以寡擊眾，戡定強鄰。及于東夏削平，多有省廢，大象二年，通計州二百一十一，郡五百八，縣一千一百二十四。

Emperor Wu of Liang suppressed violence and pacified disorder, took possession of old Wu territory, and in Tianjian year ten had twenty-three provinces, three hundred and fifty commanderies, and one thousand and twenty-two counties. Thereafter he strove to expand the territory and frequently undertook military campaigns, opening Min and Yue, recovering the Huai River coast, pacifying the Li caves, breaking Zangke, and because the old provinces were vast, many were subdivided. In the Datong era, there were one hundred and seven provinces, and commanderies and counties numbered accordingly. Then Hou Jing brought calamity, the capital fell, archives were scattered and lost, and no records survived; commanderies, counties, and households could not be investigated in detail. By the time of the Chen house, the territory shrank ever further: Shu and Han were lost in the west, Huai and Fei were lost in the north, and the reach of their power did not extend beyond the regions of Jing and Yang. There were forty-two provinces, only one hundred and nine commanderies, four hundred and thirty-eight counties, and six hundred thousand households. Later Qi inherited the disorders at the end of Wei and contended with the Zhou; though it opened up the region south of the Huai River, its commanderies and counties were small and remote. At the end of the Tianbao era, all were merged and reduced; by the time the state perished, there were ninety-seven provinces, one hundred and sixty commanderies, three hundred and sixty-five counties, and three million three hundred thousand households. When the Zhou house first held Guanzhong, all institutions were newly established; they trained soldiers and taught warfare, promoted grain and encouraged agriculture, cleared the Jiang and Han in the south, and annexed Ba and Shu in the west; in the end they could use the few to strike the many and subdue powerful neighbors. When the eastern regions were pacified, many were abolished and reduced. In Daxiang year two, the total count was two hundred and eleven provinces, five hundred and eight commanderies, and one thousand one hundred and twenty-four counties.

3

高祖受終，惟新朝政，開皇三年，遂廢諸郡。洎於九載，廓定江表，尋以戶口滋多，析置州縣。煬帝嗣位，又平林邑，更置三州。既而並省諸州，尋即改州為郡，乃置司隸刺史，分部巡察。五年，平定吐谷渾，更置四郡。大凡郡一百九十，縣一千二百五十五，戶八百九十萬七千五百四十六，口四千六百一萬九千九百五十六。墾田五千五百八十五萬四千四十一頃。其邑居道路，山河溝洫，沙磧鹹鹵，丘陵阡陌，皆不預焉。東西九千三百里，南北萬四千八百一十五里，東南皆至於海，西至且末，北至五原，隋氏之盛，極於此也。雍州京兆郡京兆郡開皇三年，置雍州。城東西十八裡一百一十五步，南北十五裡一百七十五步。東面通化、春明、延興三門，南面啟夏、明德、安化三門，西面延平、金光、開遠三門，北面光化一門。裡一百六，市二，大業三年，改州為郡，故名焉。置尹。統縣二十二，戶三十萬八千四百九十九。

When Emperor Gaozu received the abdication, he renewed the government, and in Kaihuang year three abolished all commanderies. By the ninth year he had pacified the lands south of the Yangzi; soon, because the population had grown, he subdivided and established provinces and counties. When Emperor Yang succeeded to the throne, he also pacified Linyi and established three additional provinces. Thereafter he merged and reduced the provinces, soon changed provinces into commanderies, and established a Director of the Capital District to inspect and tour the regions. In the fifth year, after pacifying Tuyuhun, four additional commanderies were established. In all there were one hundred and ninety commanderies, one thousand two hundred and fifty-five counties, eight million nine hundred and seven thousand five hundred and forty-six households, and forty-six million one hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and fifty-six persons. Reclaimed fields totaled fifty-five million eight hundred and fifty-four thousand forty-one qing. Settlements, roads, mountains, rivers, ditches and canals, sandy wastes, salty flats, hills, mounds, and field paths were not included. East to west it measured nine thousand three hundred li; north to south, fourteen thousand eight hundred and fifteen li; southeast reached the sea, west reached Qiemo, north reached Wuyuan—the Sui dynasty's greatness reached its peak here. Yong Province, Jingzhao Commandery: Jingzhao Commandery—in the third year of Kaihuang, Yong Province was established. The city measured eighteen li one hundred and fifteen paces east to west, and fifteen li one hundred and seventy-five paces north to south. On the east were three gates: Tonghua, Chunming, and Yanxing; on the south, three gates: Qixia, Mingde, and Anhua; on the west, three gates: Yanping, Jinguang, and Kaiyuan; on the north, one gate: Guanghua. There were one hundred and sixty wards and two markets. In the third year of Daye, Provinces were changed to commanderies, hence the name. A Prefect was established. It governed twenty-two counties, with three hundred and eight thousand four hundred and ninety-nine households.

4

大興開皇三年置。後周於舊郡置縣曰萬年。高祖龍潛，封號大興，故至是改焉。有長樂宮。有後魏杜城縣、西霸城縣、西魏山北縣，並後周廢。長安帶郡。有仙都、福陽、太平等宮。有關官。有舊長安城。始平故置扶風郡，開皇三年郡廢。武功後周置武功郡，建德中郡廢。有永豐渠、普濟渠。盩厔後周置周南郡及恆州，又有倉城、溫湯二縣，尋並廢。有司竹園，有宜壽、仙游、文山、鳳皇等宮。有關官。有太一山。有溫湯。醴泉後魏曰寧夷，西魏置寧夷郡。後周改為秦郡，後廢，又以新畤，甘泉二縣入焉。開皇十八年改縣名醴泉。有甘泉水、波水、浪水。有九抃山、溫秀嶺。上宜開皇十七年置，有舊莫西縣，十八年改名好畤，大業三年廢入焉。鄠有甘泉宮。有終南山。有澇水。藍田後周置藍田郡，尋廢郡，及白鹿、玉山二縣入焉。有關官。有滋水。新豐有溫湯。華原後魏置北雍州，西魏改為宜州，又置北地郡，尋改為通川郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢，及土門縣入焉。有沮水、頻山。宜君舊置宜郡，開皇初郡廢，有清水。同官鄭後魏置東雍州，並華山郡。西魏改曰華州。開皇初郡廢。大業初州廢。有少華山。渭南後魏置渭南郡，西魏分置靈源、中源二縣，後周郡及二縣並廢入焉。有步壽宮。萬年高陵後魏曰高陸，大業初改焉。三原後周置建忠郡，建德初郡廢。涇陽舊置咸陽縣，開皇初廢。有茂農渠。雲陽舊置，後周置雲陽郡，開皇初郡廢。有涇水、五龍水、甘水、走馬水。富平舊置北地郡，後周改曰中華郡，尋罷。有荊山。華陰有興德宮。有關宮。有京輔都尉。有白渠。有華山。馮翊郡後魏置華州，西魏改曰同州。

Daxing was established in Kaihuang year three. Later Zhou established a county on the site of the old commandery and called it Wannian. When Gaozu had not yet ascended, his enfeoffed title was Daxing, so at this point it was changed. It had Changle Palace. It had Northern Wei's Ducheng County and Xibacheng County and Western Wei's Shanbei County, all abolished by Later Zhou. Chang'an carried the commandery. It had such palaces as Xiandu, Fuyang, and Taiping. It had barrier offices and the old city of Chang'an. Shiping had formerly had Fufeng Commandery established there; in Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished. Wugong had Wugong Commandery established by Later Zhou; during Jiande the commandery was abolished. It had Yongfeng Canal and Puji Canal. Zhouzhi had Zhounan Commandery and Hengzhou established by Later Zhou; it also had Cangcheng and Wentang counties, soon both abolished. It had the Sizhu Garden and such palaces as Yishou, Xianyou, Wenshan, and Fenghuang. It had barrier offices, Taiyi Mountain, and warm springs. Liquan was called Ningyi by Northern Wei; Western Wei established Ningyi Commandery. Later Zhou changed it to Qin Commandery, then abolished it, and also merged Xinzhi and Ganquan counties into it. In Kaihuang year eighteen the county's name was changed to Liquan. It had Ganquan River, Bo River, and Lang River. It had Jiubian Mountain and Wenxiu Ridge. Shangyi was established in Kaihuang year seventeen. It had the old Moxi County, which in year eighteen was renamed Haozhi and in Daye year three was abolished into it. Hu had Ganquan Palace. It had Zhongnan Mountain and the Lao River. Lantian had Lantian Commandery established by Later Zhou; soon the commandery was abolished, and Bailu and Yushan counties were merged into it. It had barrier offices and the Zi River. Xinfeng had warm springs. Huayuan had Northern Yongzhou established by Northern Wei; Western Wei changed it to Yizhou and also established Beidi Commandery, soon changed to Tongchuan Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, with Tumen County merged into it. It had the Ju River and Pin Mountain. Yijun formerly had Yi Commandery established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Qingshui. Tongguan and Zheng had Eastern Yongzhou and Huashan Commandery established by Northern Wei. Western Wei changed it to Huazhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Shaohua Mountain. Weinan had Weinan Commandery established by Northern Wei; Western Wei separately established Lingyuan and Zhongyuan counties; Later Zhou abolished the commandery and both counties into it. It had Bushou Palace. Wannian and Gaoling: Gaoling was called Gaolu by Northern Wei and was changed at the beginning of Daye. Sanyuan had Jianzhong Commandery established by Later Zhou; at the beginning of Jiande the commandery was abolished. Jingyang formerly had Xianyang County established there, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had Maonong Canal. Yunyang had long been established; Later Zhou established Yunyang Commandery, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had the Jing River, Wulong River, Gan River, and Zouma River. Fuping formerly had Beidi Commandery established there; Later Zhou changed it to Zhonghua Commandery, which was soon abolished. It had Jing Mountain. Huayin had Xingde Palace, barrier offices, the Jingfu commandant, Bai Canal, and Hua Mountain. Fengyi Commandery had Huazhou established by Northern Wei; Western Wei changed it to Tongzhou.

5

大興

Daxing

6

長安

Chang'an

7

始平

Shiping

8

武功

Wugong

9

盩厔

Zhouzhi

10

醴泉

Liquan

11

上宜

Shangyi

12

鄠

Hu

13

藍田

Lantian

14

新豐

Xinfeng

15

華原

Huayuan

16

宜君

Yijun

17

同官

Tongguan

18

鄭

Zheng

19

渭南

Weinan

20

萬年

Wannian

21

高陵

Gaoling

22

三原

Sanyuan

23

涇陽

Jingyang

24

雲陽

Yunyang

25

富平

Fuping

26

華陰馮翊郡馮翊郡後魏置華州，西魏改曰同州。統縣八，戶九萬一千五百七十二。

Huayin, Fengyi Commandery: Fengyi Commandery—the Northern Wei established Huazhou; the Western Wei renamed it Tongzhou. It governed eight counties, with ninety-one thousand five hundred and seventy-two households.

27

馮翊後魏曰華陰。西魏改為武鄉，置武鄉郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初改名馮翊，置馮翊郡。有沙苑。韓城開皇十八年置。有關官。有梁山，有鬼谷。郃陽朝邑後魏曰南五泉，西魏改焉。有長春宮。有關官，有朝阪。澄城後魏置澄城郡，後周並五泉縣入焉。開皇初郡廢。蒲城舊置南、北二白水。西魏改為蒲城，置白水郡，開皇初郡廢。下邽舊置延壽郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初並蓮勺縣入焉。有金氏陂。白水有五龍山、馬蘭山。扶風郡舊置岐州，統縣九，戶九萬二千二百二十三。雍後魏置秦平郡，西魏改為岐山郡，開皇三年郡廢。大業初置扶風郡。有岐陽宮。岐山後周曰三龍縣，開皇十六年改名焉。又有後魏周城縣，後周廢。有岐山。陳倉後魏曰宛川，西魏改曰陳倉。後周置顯州，尋州縣俱廢。開皇十八年置，曰陳倉。有陳倉山，有關官。虢後魏置武都郡，西魏改縣曰洛邑。後周置翔州，州尋廢郡開皇初廢，大業初改縣為虢。郿舊曰平陽縣，西魏改曰郿城，後周廢入周城縣，開皇十八年改周城為渭濱，大業二年改為郿。又後周置雲州，建德中廢。有安仁宮、鳳泉宮。有太白山、五丈原。普閏大業初置。有仁壽宮。有漆水、岐水、杜水。汧源西魏置隴東郡及汧陰縣，後改縣曰杜陽。後周又曰汧陰。開皇三年郡廢，五年縣改曰汧源。又有西魏東秦州，後改為隴州，大業三年州廢。有關官。有隴山、汧山、汧水。汧陽舊置汧陽郡，後周罷。南由後魏置，西魏改為鎮，後周復置縣。又有舊長蛇縣，開皇末廢。有關官。有盤龍山。安定郡舊置涇州。

Fengyi was called Huayin by Northern Wei. Western Wei changed it to Wuxiang and established Wuxiang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; at the beginning of Daye the name was changed to Fengyi and Fengyi Commandery was established. It had Sha Garden. Hancheng was established in Kaihuang year eighteen. It had barrier offices. It had Liang Mountain and Guigu. Heyang and Chaoyi were called Southern Wuquan by Northern Wei; Western Wei changed them. It had Changchun Palace. It had barrier offices and Chaoban. Chengcheng had Chengcheng Commandery established by Northern Wei; Later Zhou merged Wuquan County into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Pucheng formerly had Southern and Northern Baishui established there. Western Wei changed it to Pucheng and established Baishui Commandery; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Xiagui formerly had Yanshou Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Lianshao County was merged into it. It had the Jinshi embankment. Baishui had Wulong Mountain and Malan Mountain. Fufeng Commandery formerly had Qizhou established, governing nine counties with ninety-two thousand two hundred and twenty-three households. Yong had Qinping Commandery established by Northern Wei; Western Wei changed it to Qishan Commandery, and in Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Fufeng Commandery was established. It had Qiyang Palace. Qishan was called Sanlong County by Later Zhou; in Kaihuang year sixteen its name was changed. It also had Northern Wei's Zhoucheng County, which Later Zhou abolished. It had Qishan Mountain. Chencang was called Wanchuan by Northern Wei; Western Wei changed it to Chencang. Later Zhou established Xianzhou, and soon both the province and county were abolished. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was established and called Chencang. It had Chencang Mountain and barrier offices. Guo had Wudu Commandery established by Northern Wei; Western Wei changed the county to Luoyi. Later Zhou established Xiangzhou; the province was soon abolished, the commandery was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang, and at the beginning of Daye the county was changed to Guo. Mei was formerly called Pingyang County; Western Wei changed it to Meicheng; Later Zhou abolished it into Zhoucheng County; in Kaihuang year eighteen Zhoucheng was changed to Weibin; in Daye year two it was changed to Mei. Later Zhou also established Yunzhou, which was abolished during Jiande. It had Anren Palace and Fengquan Palace. It had Taibai Mountain and Wuzhang Plain. Puyun was established at the beginning of Daye. It had Renshou Palace and the Qi, Qi, and Du rivers. Qianyuan had Longdong Commandery and Qianyin County established by Western Wei; later the county was changed to Duyang. Later Zhou again called it Qianyin. In Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished, and in year five the county was changed to Qianyuan. It also had Western Wei's Eastern Qinzhou, later changed to Longzhou; in Daye year three the province was abolished. It had barrier offices, Long Mountain, Qian Mountain, and the Qian River. Qianyang formerly had Qianyang Commandery established there, which Later Zhou abolished. Nanyou was established by Northern Wei; Western Wei changed it to a garrison, and Later Zhou restored the county. It also had the old Changshe County, abolished at the end of Kaihuang. It had barrier offices and Panlong Mountain. Anding Commandery formerly had Jingzhou established there.

28

馮翊

Fengyi

29

韓城

Hancheng

30

郃陽

Heyang

31

朝邑

Chaoyi

32

澄城

Chengcheng

33

蒲城

Pucheng

34

下邽

Xiagui

35

白水扶風郡扶風郡舊置岐州，統縣九，戶九萬二千二百二十三。

Baishui, Fufeng Commandery: Fufeng Commandery formerly had Qizhou established; it governed nine counties, with ninety-two thousand two hundred and twenty-three households.

36

雍後

Yonghou

37

岐山

Qishan

38

陳倉

Chencang

39

虢

Guo

40

郿

Mei

41

普閏

Puyan

42

汧源

Qianyuan

43

汧陽

Qianyang

44

南由安定郡安定郡舊置涇州。統縣七，戶七萬六千二百八十一。

Nanyou, Anding Commandery: Anding Commandery formerly had Jingzhou established. It governed seven counties, with seventy-six thousand two hundred and eighty-one households.

45

安定帶郡。鶉觚舊置趙平郡。後周廢郡。並以宜祿縣入焉。大業初分置靈台縣，二年廢。陰盤後魏置平涼郡，開皇初郡廢。有盧水。朝那西魏置安武郡，及析置安武縣。開皇三年郡縣並廢入焉。良原大業初置。臨涇大業初置，初曰湫穀，尋改焉。華亭大業初置。有隴水、芮水。北地郡後魏置豳州，西魏改為寧州。

Anding carried the commandery. Chungu formerly had Zhaoping Commandery established there. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and also merged Yilu County into it. At the beginning of Daye, Lingtai County was divided off and established; in year two it was abolished. Yinpan had Pingliang Commandery established by Northern Wei; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had the Lu River. Chaona had Anwu Commandery established by Western Wei, and Anwu County was divided off and established. In Kaihuang year three the commandery and county were both abolished into it. Liangyuan was established at the beginning of Daye. Linjing was established at the beginning of Daye, first called Qiugu and soon changed. Huating was established at the beginning of Daye. It had the Long River and Rui River. Beidi Commandery had Binzhou established by Northern Wei; Western Wei changed it to Ningzhou.

46

安定

Anding

47

鶉觚

Chuangu

48

陰盤

Yinpan

49

朝那

Chaonai

50

良原

Liangyuan

51

臨涇

Linjing

52

華亭北地郡北地郡後魏置豳州，西魏改為寧州。大業初復曰豳州。統縣六，戶七萬六百九十。

Huating, Beidi Commandery: Beidi Commandery—the Northern Wei established Binzhou; the Western Wei changed it to Ningzhou. At the beginning of the Daye era it was again called Binzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised six counties with seventy thousand six hundred and ninety registered households.

53

定安舊置趙興郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初置北地郡。羅川舊曰陽周，開皇中改焉。又西魏置顯州，後周廢。有橋山。彭原舊曰彭陽。後魏置西北地郡，有洛蟠城。西魏置蔚州，有豐城。西魏置雲州。後周二州並廢。開皇初郡廢，十八年改縣曰彭原。有珊瑚水。襄樂後魏置襄樂郡，後周廢。又西魏置燕州，後周廢。又有子午山。新平舊曰白土，西魏置豳州。開皇四年改縣為新平，大業初州廢。三水西魏置恆州，尋廢。上郡後魏置東秦州，後改為北華州。

Ding'an formerly had Zhaoxing Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Beidi Commandery was established. Luochuan was formerly called Yangzhou and was changed during Kaihuang. Western Wei also established Xianzhou, which Later Zhou abolished. It had Qiao Mountain. Pengyuan was formerly called Pengyang. Northern Wei established Western Beidi Commandery there, and it had Luopan City. Western Wei established Weizhou, with Fengcheng. Western Wei established Yunzhou. Later Zhou abolished both provinces. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county was changed to Pengyuan. It had Shanhu River. Xiangle had Xiangle Commandery established by Northern Wei, which Later Zhou abolished. Western Wei also established Yanzhou, which Later Zhou abolished. It also had Ziwu Mountain. Xinping was formerly called Baitu; Western Wei established Binzhou there. In Kaihuang year four the county was changed to Xinping, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Sanshui had Hengzhou established by Western Wei, soon abolished. Shang Commandery had Eastern Qinzhou established by Northern Wei, later changed to Northern Huazhou.

54

定安

Ding'an

55

羅川

Luochuan

56

彭原

Pengyuan

57

襄樂

Xiangle

58

新平

Xinping

59

三水上郡上郡後魏置東秦州，後改為北華州。西魏改敷州。大業二年改為鄜城郡，後改為上郡。統縣五，戶五萬三千四百八十九。

Sanshui. Shangjun Commandery: the Northern Wei had established Eastern Qinzhou here, later renamed Northern Huazhou. The Western Wei renamed it Fuzhou. In the second year of Daye it became Fucheng Commandery, then reverted to Shangjun Commandery. Its jurisdiction comprised five counties with fifty-three thousand four hundred and eighty-nine households.

60

洛交開皇三年置。大業三年置上郡。內部舊置敷州及內部郡。開皇三年郡廢，大業初州廢。三川舊名長城，西魏改焉。又有利仁縣，尋廢入焉。鄜城後魏曰敷城，大業初改焉。洛川有鄜水。雕陰郡西魏置綏州，大業初改為上州。

Luojiao was established in the third year of Kaihuang. In the third year of Daye, Shang Commandery was established. Neibu formerly had Fuzhou and Neibu Commandery established there. In the third year of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Sanchuan was formerly named Changcheng; Western Wei changed it. It also had Liren County, which was soon abolished and merged into it. Fucheng was called Fucheng under Later Wei; at the beginning of Daye the name was changed. Luochuan had the Fu River. Diaoyin Commandery had Suizhou established by Western Wei; at the beginning of Daye it was changed to Shangzhou.

64

統縣十一，戶三萬六千一十八。

Its jurisdiction comprised eleven counties with thirty-six thousand and eighteen households.

65

上縣西魏置安寧郡，與安寧、綏德、安人三縣同置。開皇初郡廢，改安人為吉萬。大業初置雕陰郡，廢安寧、吉萬二縣入。又後周置義良縣，亦廢入焉。大斌西魏置，仍立安政郡。開皇初廢。有平水。延福西魏置，曰延陵。開皇中改焉。儒林後周置銀州，開皇三年改名焉。大業初州廢。真鄉西魏置。後周置真鄉郡，開皇初郡廢。開光舊置開光郡，開皇三年郡廢。有掞水。銀城後周置，曰石城，後改名焉。城平西魏置。開疆西魏置，有後魏撫寧郡，開皇三年郡廢。撫寧西魏置。綏德西魏置。延安郡後魏置東夏州。

Shang County had Anning Commandery established by Western Wei, together with Anning, Suide, and Anren counties. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Anren was changed to Jiwan. At the beginning of Daye, Diaoyin Commandery was established, and Anning and Jiwan counties were abolished into it. Later Zhou also established Yiliang County, which was likewise abolished into it. Dabin was established by Western Wei, which also established Anzheng Commandery. It was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had Pingshui. Yanfu was established by Western Wei as Yanling; during Kaihuang it was changed. Rulin had Yinzhou established by Later Zhou; in Kaihuang year three the name was changed. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Zhenxiang was established by Western Wei. Later Zhou established Zhenxiang Commandery, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Kaiguang formerly had Kaiguang Commandery established there; in Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished. It had the Yan River. Yincheng was established by Later Zhou as Shicheng, later renamed. Chengping was established by Western Wei. Kaijiang was established by Western Wei; it had Northern Wei's Funing Commandery, which was abolished in Kaihuang year three. Funing was established by Western Wei. Suide was established by Western Wei. Yan'an Commandery had Eastern Xiazhou established by Northern Wei.

66

上縣

Shangxian

67

大斌

Dabin

68

延福

Yanfu

69

儒林

Rulin

70

真鄉

Zhenxiang

71

開光

Kaiguang

72

銀城

Yincheng

73

城平

Chengping

74

開疆

Kaijiang

75

撫寧

Funing

76

綏德延安郡延安郡後魏置東夏州。西魏改為延州，置總管府，開皇中府廢。統縣十一，戶五萬三千九百三十九。

Suide. Yan'an Commandery: the Northern Wei had established Eastern Xiazhou here. The Western Wei renamed it Yanzhou and set up a grand protectorate, which was abolished during the Kaihuang era. Its jurisdiction comprised eleven counties with fifty-three thousand nine hundred and thirty-nine households.

77

膚施大業三年置，及置延安郡，有豐林山。豐林後魏置，曰廣武，及遍城郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年改為豐林，大業初又並沃野縣入焉。魏平後魏置，並立朔方郡。後周廢郡，並朔方、政和二縣入焉。金明有冶官。有清水。臨真有西魏神水郡、真川縣，後周郡廢，大業初廢真川入焉。延川西魏置，曰文安，及置文安郡。開皇初郡廢，改縣為延川。延安西魏置，又置義鄉縣。大業中廢義鄉入焉。因城後魏置。後周廢，尋又置。義川西魏置汾州、義川郡，後改州為丹州。後周改縣為丹陽。開皇初郡廢，改縣曰義川，又廢樂川郡入。大業初州廢，又廢雲岩縣入焉。汾川舊曰安平，後周改曰汾川。大業初廢門山縣入焉。咸寧舊曰永寧，西魏改為太平。開皇中改為咸寧。弘化郡西魏置朔州，後周廢，開皇十六年，置慶州。

Fushi was established in Daye year three, together with Yan'an Commandery. It had Fenglin Mountain. Fenglin was established by Northern Wei as Guangwu, with Piancheng Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year eighteen it was changed to Fenglin, and at the beginning of Daye Woye County was also merged into it. Weiping was established by Northern Wei, which also established Shuofang Commandery. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and merged Shuofang and Zhenghe counties into it. Jinming had smelting offices and Qingshui. Linzhen had Western Wei's Shenshui Commandery and Zhenchuan County; Later Zhou abolished the commandery, and at the beginning of Daye Zhenchuan was abolished into it. Yanchuan was established by Western Wei as Wen'an, and Wen'an Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Yanchuan. Yan'an was established by Western Wei, which also established Yixiang County. During Daye, Yixiang was abolished into it. Yincheng was established by Northern Wei. Later Zhou abolished it, then soon established it again. Yichuan had Fenzhou and Yichuan Commandery established by Western Wei; later the province was changed to Danzhou. Later Zhou changed the county to Danyang. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Yichuan, and Lechuan Commandery was also abolished into it. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Yunyan County was also abolished into it. Fenchuan was formerly called Anping; Later Zhou changed it to Fenchuan. At the beginning of Daye Menshan County was abolished into it. Xianning was formerly called Yongning; Western Wei changed it to Taiping. During Kaihuang it was changed to Xianning. Honghua Commandery had Shuozhou established by Western Wei; Later Zhou abolished it, and in Kaihuang year sixteen Qingzhou was established.

78

膚施

Fushi

79

豐林

Fenglin

80

魏平

Weiping

81

金明

Jinming

82

臨真

Linzhen

83

延川

Yanchuan

84

延安

Yan'an

85

因城

Yincheng

86

義川

Yichuan

87

汾川

Fenzhou

88

咸寧弘化郡弘化郡西魏置朔州，後周廢，開皇十六年，置慶州。統縣七，戶五萬二千四百七十三。

Xianning. Honghua Commandery: the Western Wei established Shuozhou here; Later Zhou abolished it, and in the sixteenth year of Kaihuang Qingzhou was established. Its jurisdiction comprised seven counties with fifty-two thousand four hundred and seventy-three households.

89

合水開皇十六年置，大業初置弘化郡。馬嶺大業初置。華池仁壽初置。又西魏置蔚州，後周廢。歸德西魏置恆州，後周廢。有雕水。洛源大業初置。有博水、洱水。弘化開皇十八年置弘州，大業初州廢。弘德大業初置。平涼郡舊置原州，後周置總管府，大業初府廢。

Heshui was established in Kaihuang year sixteen; at the beginning of Daye, Honghua Commandery was established. Maling was established at the beginning of Daye. Huachi was established at the beginning of Renshou. Western Wei also established Weizhou, which Later Zhou abolished. Guide had Hengzhou established by Western Wei, which Later Zhou abolished. It had the Diao River. Luoyuan was established at the beginning of Daye. It had the Bo River and Er River. Honghua had Hongzhou established in Kaihuang year eighteen, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Hongde was established at the beginning of Daye. Pingliang Commandery formerly had Yuanzhou established there; Later Zhou established a grand administrative office, and at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished.

90

合水

Heshui

91

馬嶺

Maling

92

華池

Huachi

93

歸德

Guide

94

洛源

Luoyuan

95

弘化

Honghua

96

弘德平涼郡平涼郡舊置原州，後周置總管府，大業初府廢。統縣五，戶二萬七千九百九十五。

Hongde. Pingliang Commandery: Yuanzhou had formerly been established here; Later Zhou set up a grand protectorate, abolished at the beginning of Daye. Its jurisdiction comprised five counties with twenty-seven thousand nine hundred and ninety-five households.

97

平高後魏置太平郡，後改為平高。開皇初郡廢。大業初置平涼郡。有關官。有笄頭山。百泉後魏置長城郡及黃石縣，西魏改黃石為長城。開皇初郡廢。大業初縣改為百泉。平涼後周置。有可藍山。會寧西魏置會州，後周廢，開皇十六年置縣。默亭。朔方郡後魏置夏州，後周置總管府，大業初府廢。

Pinggao had Taiping Commandery established by Northern Wei and was later changed to Pinggao. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Pingliang Commandery was established. It had barrier offices and Jitou Mountain. Baiquan had Changcheng Commandery and Huangshi County established by Northern Wei; Western Wei changed Huangshi to Changcheng. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the county was changed to Baiquan. Pingliang was established by Later Zhou. It had Kelan Mountain. Huining had Huizhou established by Western Wei; Later Zhou abolished it, and in Kaihuang year sixteen the county was established. Moting. Shuofang Commandery had Xiazhou established by Northern Wei; Later Zhou established a grand administrative office, and at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished.

98

平高

Pinggao

99

百泉

Baiquan

100

平涼

Pingliang

101

會寧朔方郡朔方郡後魏置夏州，後周置總管府，大業初府廢。統縣三，戶一萬一千六百七十三。

Huining. Shuofang Commandery: the Northern Wei established Xiazhou here; Later Zhou set up a grand protectorate, abolished at the beginning of Daye. Its jurisdiction comprised three counties with eleven thousand six hundred and seventy-three households.

102

岩綠西魏置弘化郡。開皇初廢，大業初置朔方郡。

Yanlu had Honghua Commandery established by Western Wei. It was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang, and Shuofang Commandery was established at the beginning of Daye.

103

寧朔後周置。

Ningshuo was established by Later Zhou.

104

長澤西魏置闡熙郡。又有後魏大安郡，及置長州。開皇三年郡廢，又廢山鹿、新蒨二縣入焉。大業三年州廢。鹽川郡西魏置西安州，後改為鹽州。統縣一，戶三千七百六十三。

Changze had Chanxi Commandery established by Western Wei. It also had Northern Wei's Da'an Commandery, and Changzhou was established there. In Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished, and Shanlu and Xinqian counties were also abolished into it. In Daye year three the province was abolished. Yanchuan Commandery had Xi'anzhou established by Western Wei, later changed to Yanzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised a single county with three thousand seven hundred and sixty-three households.

105

五原後魏置郡，曰大興。西魏改為五原，後又為大興。開皇初郡廢，大業初置鹽川郡。靈武郡後魏置靈州，後周置總管府，大業元年府廢。統縣六，戶一萬二千三百三十。

Wuyuan had a commandery established by Northern Wei, called Daxing. Western Wei changed it to Wuyuan, and later it again became Daxing. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Yanchuan Commandery was established. Lingwu Commandery had Lingzhou established by Northern Wei; Later Zhou set up a grand protectorate, and in Daye year one the protectorate was abolished. Its jurisdiction comprised six counties with twelve thousand three hundred and thirty households.

106

回樂後周置，帶普樂郡。又西魏置臨河郡。開皇元年改臨河郡曰新昌，三年郡並廢。大業初置靈武郡。弘靜開皇十一年置。有賀蘭山。懷遠後周置，仍立懷遠郡。開皇三年郡廢。靈武後周置，曰建安，後又置歷城郡。開皇三年郡廢，十八年改建安為廣閏，仁壽元年改名焉。鳴沙後周置會州，尋廢，開皇十九年置環州及鳴沙縣。大業三年州廢。有關官。豐安開皇十年置。榆林郡開皇二十年，置勝州。

Huile was established by Later Zhou and carried Pule Commandery. Western Wei also established Linhe Commandery. In Kaihuang year one Linhe Commandery was changed to Xinchang, and in year three the commanderies were both abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Lingwu Commandery was established. Hongjing was established in Kaihuang year eleven. It had Helan Mountain. Huaiyuan was established by Later Zhou, and Huaiyuan Commandery was still established there. In Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished. Lingwu was established by Later Zhou as Jian'an, and later Licheng Commandery was established. In Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished; in year eighteen Jian'an was changed to Guangrun, and in Renshou year one the name was changed. Mingsha had Huizhou established by Later Zhou and soon abolished; in Kaihuang year nineteen Huanzhou and Mingsha County were established. In Daye year three the province was abolished. It had barrier offices. Feng'an was established in Kaihuang year ten. Yulin Commandery had Shengzhou established in Kaihuang year twenty.

107

回樂

Huile

108

弘靜

Hongjing

109

懷遠

Huaiyuan

110

靈武

Lingwu

111

鳴沙

Mingsha

112

豐安榆林郡榆林郡，置勝州。統縣三，戶二千三百三十。

Feng'an. Yulin Commandery: Shengzhou was established here. Its jurisdiction comprised three counties with two thousand three hundred and thirty households.

113

榆林開皇七年置。大業初置郡。富昌開皇十年置。金河開皇三年置，曰陽壽，及置油雲縣，又置榆關總管。五年改置雲州總管。十八年改陽壽曰金河，二十年雲州移，二縣俱廢。仁壽二年又置金河縣，帶關。五原郡開皇五年置豐州，仁壽元年置總管府，大業元年府廢。

Yulin was established in Kaihuang year seven. At the beginning of Daye, the commandery was established. Fuchang was established in Kaihuang year ten. Jinhe was established in Kaihuang year three as Yangshou, and Youyun County was established there; the Yuguan grand administrative office was also established. In year five it was changed to the Yunzhou grand administrative office. In year eighteen Yangshou was changed to Jinhe; in year twenty Yunzhou was moved, and both counties were abolished. In Renshou year two Jinhe County was again established, carrying the barrier. Wuyuan Commandery had Fengzhou established in Kaihuang year five; in Renshou year one a grand administrative office was established, and in Daye year one the office was abolished.

114

榆林

Yulin

115

富昌

Fuchang

116

金河五原郡五原郡置豐州，仁壽元年置總管府，大業元年府廢。統縣三，戶二千三百三十。

Jinhe. Wuyuan Commandery: Fengzhou was established here; a grand protectorate was set up in the first year of Renshou and abolished in the first year of Daye. Its jurisdiction comprised three counties with two thousand three hundred and thirty households.

117

九原開皇五年置。大業初置郡。

Jiuyuan was established in Kaihuang year five. At the beginning of Daye a commandery was established there.

118

永豐開皇五年置。

Yongfeng was established in Kaihuang year five.

119

安化開皇十一年置。天水郡舊秦州。後周置總管府，大業初府廢。統縣六，戶五萬二千一百三十。

Anhua was established in Kaihuang year eleven. Tianshui Commandery was formerly Qinzhou. Later Zhou set up a grand protectorate here, abolished at the beginning of Daye. Its jurisdiction comprised six counties with fifty-two thousand one hundred and thirty households.

120

上邽故曰上邽，帶天水郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初復置郡，縣改名焉。有濛水。冀城後周曰冀城縣，廢入黃瓜縣。大業初改曰冀城。有石鼓崖。清水後魏置，及置清水郡。開皇初郡廢。有關官。有分水嶺。秦嶺後魏置，曰伯陽縣。開皇中改焉。隴城舊曰略陽，置略陽郡。開皇二年郡廢，縣改曰河陽，六年改曰隴城。成紀舊廢，後周置。有龍馬城、仙人峽。隴西郡舊渭州。

Shanggui was formerly called Shanggui and carried Tianshui Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the commandery was restored and the county's name was changed. It had the Meng River. Jicheng was called Jicheng County by Later Zhou and was abolished into Huanggua County. At the beginning of Daye it was changed to Jicheng. It had Shigu Cliff. Qingshui was established by Northern Wei, which also established Qingshui Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had barrier offices and Fenshui Ridge. Qinling was established by Northern Wei as Boyang County; during Kaihuang it was changed. Longcheng was formerly called Lüeyang and had Lüeyang Commandery established there. In Kaihuang year two the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Heyang; in year six it was changed to Longcheng. Chengji had long been abolished and was established by Later Zhou. It had Longma City and Xianren Gorge. Longxi Commandery was formerly Weizhou.

121

上邽

Shanggui

122

冀城

Jicheng

123

清水

Qingshui

124

秦嶺

Qinling

125

隴城

Longcheng

126

成紀隴西郡隴西郡舊渭州。統縣五，戶一萬九千二百四十七。

Chengji. Longxi Commandery: formerly known as Weizhou. Its jurisdiction comprised five counties with nineteen thousand two hundred and forty-seven households.

127

襄武帶郡。隴西舊城內陶，置南安郡。開皇初郡廢，改為武陽，十年改名焉。渭源有鳥鼠山。有渭水。障後魏置。西魏置廣安郡，後周郡廢。長川後魏置安陽郡，領安陽、烏水二縣。西魏改曰北秦州，後又改曰交州。開皇三年郡廢。十八年改州曰紀州，安陽曰長川。大業初州廢，又廢烏水入焉。金城郡開皇初，置蘭州總管府，大業初府廢。

Xiangwu carried the commandery. Longxi was the old city of Neitao and had Nan'an Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and it was changed to Wuyang; in year ten its name was changed. Weiyuan had Niaoshu Mountain and the Wei River. Zhang was established by Northern Wei. Western Wei established Guang'an Commandery, which Later Zhou abolished. Changchuan had Anyang Commandery established by Northern Wei, governing Anyang and Wushui counties. Western Wei changed it to Northern Qinzhou, and later again changed it to Jiaozhou. In Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen the province was changed to Jizhou and Anyang to Changchuan. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Wushui was also abolished into it. Jincheng Commandery had the Lanzhou grand administrative office established at the beginning of Kaihuang, and at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished.

128

襄武

Xiangwu

129

隴西

Longxi

130

渭源

Weiyuan

131

障

Zhang

132

長川金城郡金城郡開皇初，置蘭州總管府，大業初府廢。統縣二，戶六千八百一十八。

Changchuan. Jincheng Commandery: at the beginning of Kaihuang the Lanzhou grand protectorate was established here; it was abolished at the beginning of Daye. Its jurisdiction comprised two counties with six thousand eight hundred and eighteen households.

133

金城舊縣曰子城，帶金城郡。開皇初郡廢。大業初改縣為金城。置金城郡。有關官。

Jincheng was formerly a county called Zicheng and carried Jincheng Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the county was changed to Jincheng and Jincheng Commandery was established. It had barrier offices.

134

狄道後魏置臨洮郡、龍城縣，後周皆廢。又後魏置武始郡，開皇初廢。有白石山。枹罕郡舊置河州。統縣四，戶一萬三千一百五十七。

Didao had Lintao Commandery and Longcheng County established by Northern Wei; Later Zhou abolished both. Northern Wei also established Wushi Commandery, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had Baishi Mountain. Fuhan Commandery formerly had Hezhou established. Its jurisdiction comprised four counties with thirteen thousand one hundred and fifty-seven households.

135

枹罕舊置枹罕郡，開皇初郡廢。大業初置郡。有關官。有鳳林山。

Fuhan formerly had Fuhan Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was established again. It had barrier offices and Fenglin Mountain.

136

龍支後魏曰北金城，西魏改焉。有唐述山。

Longzhi was called Northern Jincheng by Northern Wei; Western Wei changed its name. It had Tangshu Mountain.

137

大夏有金紐山。

Daxia had Jinniu Mountain.

138

水池後魏曰蕈川，後周改焉。澆河郡後周武帝逐吐谷渾，以置廓州總管府。開皇初府廢。統縣二，戶二千二百四十。

Shuichi was called Xunchuan by Northern Wei; Later Zhou changed the name. Jiaohe Commandery was where Emperor Wu of Later Zhou, after driving out Tuyuhun, established the Kuozhou grand protectorate. The protectorate was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Its jurisdiction comprised two counties with two thousand two hundred and forty households.

139

河津後周置洮河郡，領洮河、廣威、安戎三縣。開皇初郡廢，並三縣入焉。大業初置澆河郡。有濫水。

Hejin had Taohe Commandery established by Later Zhou, governing Taohe, Guangwei, and Anrong counties. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the three counties were merged into it. At the beginning of Daye, Jiaohe Commandery was established. It had the Lan River.

140

達化後周置達化郡。開皇初郡廢，並綏遠縣入焉。有連雲山。西平郡舊置鄯州。統縣二，戶三千一百一十八。

Dahua had Dahua Commandery established by Later Zhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Suiyuan County was merged into it. It had Lianyun Mountain. Xiping Commandery formerly had Shanzhou established. Its jurisdiction comprised two counties with three thousand one hundred and eighteen households.

141

湟水舊曰西都，後周置樂都郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年改縣曰湟水。又有舊浩亹縣，又西魏置龍居、路倉二縣，並後周廢。大業初置西平郡。有土樓山。化隆舊魏曰廣威，西魏置澆河郡，後周廢郡，仁壽初改為化隆，有拔延山、湟水、盧水。武威郡舊涼州，後周置總管府，大業初府廢。

Huangshui was formerly called Xidu; Later Zhou established Ledu Commandery there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county was changed to Huangshui. It also had the old Haomen County, and Western Wei also established Longju and Lucang counties; all were abolished by Later Zhou. At the beginning of Daye, Xiping Commandery was established. It had Tulou Mountain. Hualong was called Guangwei by the old Wei; Western Wei established Jiaohe Commandery, Later Zhou abolished the commandery, and at the beginning of Renshou it was changed to Hualong. It had Bayan Mountain, the Huang River, and the Lu River. Wuwei Commandery was formerly Liangzhou; Later Zhou established a grand administrative office, and at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished.

142

湟水

Huangshui

143

化隆武威郡武威郡舊涼州，後周置總管府，大業初府廢。統縣四，戶一萬一千七百五。

Hualong. Wuwei Commandery: formerly Liangzhou; Later Zhou set up a grand protectorate here, abolished at the beginning of Daye. Its jurisdiction comprised four counties with eleven thousand seven hundred and five households.

144

姑臧舊置武威郡，開皇初郡廢。大業初複置武威郡。又後魏置武安郡、襄武縣，並西魏廢。又舊有顯美縣，後周廢。有茅五山。昌松後魏置昌松郡，後周廢郡，以榆次縣入。開皇初改縣為永世，後改曰昌松。又有後魏魏安郡，後周改置白山縣，尋廢。有白山。番和後魏置番和郡。後周郡廢，置鎮。開皇中為縣，又並力乾、安寧、廣城、障、燕支五縣之地入焉。有燕支山。允吾後魏置，曰廣武，及置廣武郡。開皇初郡廢，改縣曰邑次，尋改為廣武，後又改為邑次。大業初改為允吾。有青岩山。張掖郡西魏置西涼州，尋改曰甘州。

Guzang formerly had Wuwei Commandery established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Wuwei Commandery was restored. Northern Wei also established Wu'an Commandery and Xiangwu County, both abolished by Western Wei. It also formerly had Xianmei County, which Later Zhou abolished. It had Maowu Mountain. Changsong had Changsong Commandery established by Northern Wei; Later Zhou abolished the commandery and merged Yuci County into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the county was changed to Yongshi, and later changed to Changsong. It also had Northern Wei's Wei'an Commandery; Later Zhou changed it to establish Baishan County, which was soon abolished. It had Bai Mountain. Fanhe had Fanhe Commandery established by Northern Wei. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and established a garrison. During Kaihuang it became a county, and the lands of Liqian, Anning, Guangcheng, Zhang, and Yanzhi counties were also merged into it. It had Yanzhi Mountain. Yunwu was established by Northern Wei as Guangwu, and Guangwu Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Yici; soon it was changed to Guangwu, and later again changed to Yici. At the beginning of Daye it was changed to Yunwu. It had Qingyan Mountain. Zhangye Commandery had Western Liangzhou established by Western Wei, soon changed to Ganzhou.

145

姑臧

Guzang

146

昌松

Changsong

147

番和

Fanhe

148

允吾張掖郡張掖郡西魏置西涼州，尋改曰甘州。統縣三，戶六千一百二十六。

Yunwu. Zhangye Commandery: the Western Wei established Western Liangzhou here, soon renamed Ganzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised three counties with six thousand one hundred and twenty-six households.

149

張掖舊曰永平縣，後周置張掖郡。開皇初郡廢，十七年縣改為酒泉。大業初改為張掖，置張掖郡。又有臨松縣，後周廢。有甘峻山、臨松山、合黎山、有玉石澗、大柳谷。刪丹後魏曰山丹，又有西郡、永寧縣。西魏郡廢，縣改為弱水。後周省入山丹。大業改為刪丹。又後周置金山縣，尋廢入焉。有祀山。有鹽池。有溺水。福祿舊置酒泉郡，開皇初郡廢。仁壽中以置肅州，大業初州尋廢，又後周置樂涫縣，尋廢。有祁連山，崆峒山、昆侖山，有石渠。敦煌郡舊置瓜州。

Zhangye was formerly called Yongping County; Later Zhou established Zhangye Commandery there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year seventeen the county was changed to Jiuquan. At the beginning of Daye it was changed to Zhangye, and Zhangye Commandery was established. It also had Linsong County, which Later Zhou abolished. It had Ganjun Mountain, Linsong Mountain, Heli Mountain, Yushi Ravine, and Daliu Valley. Shandan was called Shandan by Northern Wei and also had Western Commandery and Yongning County. Western Wei abolished the commandery and changed the county to Ruoshui. Later Zhou abolished it into Shandan. Daye changed it to Shandan. Later Zhou also established Jinshan County, which was soon abolished into it. It had Si Mountain, salt ponds, and the Ni River. Fulu formerly had Jiuquan Commandery established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. During Renshou, Suzhou was established there; at the beginning of Daye the province was soon abolished. Later Zhou also established Leguan County, soon abolished. It had Qilian Mountain, Kongtong Mountain, Kunlun Mountain, and Shiqu. Dunhuang Commandery formerly had Guazhou established there.

150

張掖

Zhangye

151

刪丹

Shandan

152

福祿敦煌郡敦煌郡舊置瓜州。統縣三，戶七千七百七十九。

Fulu. Dunhuang Commandery: Guazhou had formerly been established here. Its jurisdiction comprised three counties with seven thousand seven hundred and seventy-nine households.

153

敦煌舊置敦煌郡，後周並效穀、壽皇二郡入焉。又並敦煌、鳴沙、平康、效穀、東鄉、龍勒六縣為鳴沙縣。開皇初郡廢。大業置敦煌郡，改鳴沙為敦煌。有神沙山、三危山，有流沙。常樂後魏置常樂郡。後周並涼興、大至、冥安、閏泉，合為涼興縣。開皇初郡廢，改縣為常樂。有關官。玉門後魏置會稽郡。後周廢郡，並會稽、新鄉、延興為會稽縣。開皇中改為玉門，並得後魏玉門郡地。鄯善郡大業五年平吐谷渾置，置在鄯善城，即古樓蘭城也。

Dunhuang formerly had Dunhuang Commandery established there; Later Zhou merged Xiaogu and Shouhuang commanderies into it. It also combined the six counties Dunhuang, Mingsha, Pingkang, Xiaogu, Dongxiang, and Longle to make Mingsha County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. During Daye, Dunhuang Commandery was established and Mingsha was changed to Dunhuang. It had Shensha Mountain, Sanwei Mountain, and flowing sands. Changle had Changle Commandery established by Northern Wei. Later Zhou merged Liangxing, Dazhi, Ming'an, and Runquan to make Liangxing County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Changle. It had barrier offices. Yumen had Kuaiji Commandery established by Northern Wei. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and combined Kuaiji, Xinxiang, and Yanxing as Kuaiji County. During Kaihuang it was changed to Yumen and also obtained the land of Northern Wei's Yumen Commandery. Shanshan Commandery was established in Daye year five after Tuyuhun was pacified. It was established at Shanshan City, which was the ancient city of Loulan.

154

敦煌

Dunhuang

155

常樂

Changle

156

玉門鄯善郡鄯善郡平吐谷渾置，置在鄯善城，即古樓蘭城也。並置且末、西海、河源，總四郡。有蒲昌海、鄯善水。統縣二。

Yumen. Shanshan Commandery: established after pacifying Tuyuhun, located at Shanshan city—the ancient Loulan city. Qiemo, Xihai, and Heyuan were also established, making four commanderies in all. The region includes Puchang Lake and the Shanshan River. Its jurisdiction comprised two counties.

157

顯武

Xianwu

158

濟遠且末郡且末郡置在古且末城。有且末水、薩毗澤。統縣二。

Jiyuan. Qiemo Commandery: established at the ancient Qiemo city. The region includes the Qiemo River and the Sapi Marsh. Its jurisdiction comprised two counties.

159

肅寧

Suning

160

伏戎西海郡西海郡置在古伏俟城，即吐谷渾國都。有西王母石窟、青海、鹽池。統縣二。

Furong. Xihai Commandery: established at the ancient Fuyu city, capital of the Tuyuhun kingdom. The region includes the Queen Mother of the West stone cave, Qinghai Lake, and the salt ponds. Its jurisdiction comprised two counties.

161

宣德

Xuande

162

威定河源郡河源郡置在古赤水城。有曼頭城、積石山，河所出。有七烏海。統縣二。

Weiding. Heyuan Commandery: established at the ancient Chishui city. The region includes Mantou city and Jishi Mountain, where the river rises. The region includes the Seven Crow Lake. Its jurisdiction comprised two counties.

163

遠化

Yuanhua

164

赤水

Chishui

165

《周禮·職方氏》：「正西曰雍州。」上當天文，自東井十度至柳八度，為鶉首。于辰在未，得秦之分野。考其舊俗，前史言之詳矣。化于姬德，則閒田而興讓，習於嬴敝，則相稽而反脣。斯豈土壤之殊乎？亦政教之移人也。京兆王都所在，俗具五方，人物混淆，華戎雜錯。去農從商，爭朝夕之利，遊手為事，競錐刀之末。貴者崇侈靡，賤者薄仁義，豪強者縱橫，貧窶者窘蹙。桴鼓屢驚，盜賊不禁，此乃古今之所同焉。自京城至於外郡，得馮翊、扶風，是漢之三輔。其風大抵與京師不異。安定、北地、上郡、隴西、天水、金城，于古為六郡之地，其人性猶質直。然尚儉約，習仁義，勤於稼穡，多畜牧，無複寇盜矣。雕陰、延安、弘化，連接山胡，性多木強，皆女淫而婦貞，蓋俗然也。平涼、朔方、鹽川、靈武、榆林、五原，地接邊荒，多尚武節，亦習俗然焉。河西諸郡，其風頗同，並有金方之氣矣。梁州漢川郡漢川郡舊置梁州。統縣八，戶一萬一千九百一十。

The Rites of Zhou, Director of the Regions, states: "Directly west is called Yong Province." In the heavens above it corresponds to the asterism Quen Shou, from tenth year of Dongjing degrees to eighth year of Liu degrees. In the earthly branches it falls under Wei, corresponding to Qin's territorial allotment. Examining its old customs, the former histories describe them in detail. Transformed by the virtue of the Ji house, they left fields fallow and practiced yielding; under Qin's decadence, they checked one another and turned their lips outward. Is this because the soil itself differs? It is also that government and teaching transform the people. Jingzhao is where the royal capital stands; its customs combine all five directions, people are mixed together, and Chinese and barbarians live side by side. They abandon farming for commerce, contending for profit from morning to evening; idlers make their living competing for the smallest gains. The noble pursue extravagance while the lowly slight benevolence and righteousness; the powerful are overbearing and the poor are pressed and squeezed. Drums and gongs sound the alarm repeatedly, yet bandits and thieves go unrestrained—this has been the same in ancient and modern times. From the capital to the outer commanderies, Fengyi and Fufeng formed the Three Metropolises of Han. Their customs differ little from those of the capital. Anding, Beidi, Shangjun, Longxi, Tianshui, and Jincheng—in antiquity were the lands of the Six Commanderies, and their people remain straightforward by nature. Yet they value frugality, practice benevolence and righteousness, are diligent in farming, and raise much livestock; bandits and robbers are no longer seen. Diaoyin, Yan'an, and Honghua connect with the mountain Hu; their natures are mostly obstinate; women are promiscuous yet wives remain chaste—it is simply their custom. Pingliang, Shuofang, Yanchuan, Lingwu, Yulin, and Wuyuan border on the wilderness and greatly honor martial spirit—it is also their custom. The commanderies west of the river share similar customs, and all possess the qi of the Metal Direction. Liang Province, Hanchuan Commandery: Hanchuan Commandery—Liangzhou had formerly been established here. Its jurisdiction comprised eight counties with eleven thousand nine hundred and ten households.

166

南鄭舊置漢川郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初置郡。又西魏置白雲縣，至是併入焉。有黃牛山、龍岡山。西舊曰勣塚，大業初改焉。有關官，有定軍山、百牢山、街亭山、嶓塚山。有漢水。褒城開皇初曰褒內。仁壽九年因失印更給，改名焉。有關官。有女郎山。城固興勢舊置儻城郡，開皇初郡廢。西鄉舊曰豐寧，置洋州及洋川郡。開皇初廢郡，大業初廢州，改縣曰西鄉。又舊有懷昌郡，後周廢為懷昌縣，至是入焉。有洋水。黃金難江後周置集州及平桑郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢。西城郡梁置梁州，尋改曰南梁州。

Nanzheng formerly had Hanchuan Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the commandery was established. Western Wei also established Baiyun County, which by this time was merged into it. It had Huangniu Mountain and Longgang Mountain. Xi was formerly called Jizhong; at the beginning of Daye it was changed. It had barrier offices, Dingjun Mountain, Bailao Mountain, Jieting Mountain, Bozhong Mountain, and the Han River. Baocheng was called Baonei at the beginning of Kaihuang. In Renshou year nine, because its seal was lost and a replacement was issued, the name was changed. It had barrier offices and Nulang Mountain. Chenggu and Xingshi formerly had Tangcheng Commandery established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Xixiang was formerly called Fengning and had Yangzhou and Yangchuan Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished and the county was changed to Xixiang. It also formerly had Huaichang Commandery; Later Zhou abolished it to become Huaichang County, and by this time it entered Xixiang. It had the Yang River. Huangjin and Nanjiang had Jizhou and Pingsang Commandery established by Later Zhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Xicheng Commandery had Liangzhou established by Liang, soon changed to Southern Liangzhou.

167

南鄭

Nanzheng

168

褒城

Baocheng

169

城固

Chenggu

170

興勢

Xingshi

171

西鄉

Xixiang

172

黃金

Huangjin

173

難江西城郡西城郡梁置梁州，尋改曰南梁州。西魏改置東梁州，尋改為金州，置總管府。開皇初府廢。統縣六，戶一萬四千三百四十一。

Nanjiang. Xicheng Commandery: Liang established Liangzhou here, soon renamed Southern Liangzhou. The Western Wei renamed it Eastern Liangzhou, then Jinzhou, and established a grand protectorate. The protectorate was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Its jurisdiction comprised six counties with fourteen thousand three hundred and forty-one households.

174

金川梁初曰上廉，後曰吉陽。西魏改曰吉安，後周以西城入焉。舊有金城、吉安二郡，開皇初並廢。十八年改縣為吉安。大業三年改曰金川，置西城郡。又後周置洵州，尋廢。有焦陵山。石泉舊曰永樂，置晉昌郡。西魏改郡曰魏昌，尋改永樂曰石泉，析置魏寧縣。後周省魏昌郡入中城郡，又省魏甯縣入石泉縣。洵陽舊置洵陽郡，開皇初郡廢。有洵水。安康舊曰甯都，齊置安康郡，後魏置東梁州，後蕭詧改直州。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢，縣改曰安康。黃土西魏置涓陽郡。後周改郡，置縣曰長岡。後郡省入甲郡，置縣曰黃土，並赤石、甲、臨江三縣入焉。開皇初郡廢。豐利梁置南上洛郡，西魏改郡曰豐利。後周省郡入上津郡，以熊川、陽川二縣入豐利。後又廢上津郡入甲郡。有天心水。房陵郡西魏置光遷國。

Jinchuan was called Shanglian at the beginning of Liang and later Jiyang. Western Wei changed it to Ji'an, and Later Zhou merged Xicheng into it. It formerly had Jincheng and Ji'an commanderies, both abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. In year eighteen the county was changed to Ji'an. In Daye year three it was changed to Jinchuan, and Xicheng Commandery was established. Later Zhou also established Xunzhou, which was soon abolished. It had Jiaoling Mountain. Shiquan was formerly called Yongle and had Jinchang Commandery established there. Western Wei changed the commandery to Weichang, soon changed Yongle to Shiquan, and divided off and established Weining County. Later Zhou abolished Weichang Commandery into Zhongcheng Commandery and also abolished Weining County into Shiquan County. Xunyang formerly had Xunyang Commandery established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had the Xun River. Ankang was formerly called Ningdu; Qi established Ankang Commandery; Later Wei established Eastern Liangzhou; later Xiao Cha changed it to Zhizhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and the county was changed to Ankang. Huangtu had Juanyang Commandery established by Western Wei. Later Zhou changed the commandery and established a county called Changgang. Later the commandery was abolished into Jia Commandery, and a county called Huangtu was established; Chishi, Jia, and Linjiang counties were merged into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Fengli had Southern Shangluo Commandery established by Liang; Western Wei changed the commandery to Fengli. Later Zhou abolished the commandery into Shangjin Commandery and merged Xiongchuan and Yangchuan counties into Fengli. Later it also abolished Shangjin Commandery into Jia Commandery. It had Tianxin River. Fangling Commandery had the Guangqian kingdom established by Western Wei.

175

金川

Jinchuan

176

石泉

Shiquan

177

洵陽

Xunyang

178

安康

Ankang

179

黃土

Huangtu

180

豐利房陵郡房陵郡西魏置光遷國。後周國廢，置遷州。大業初改名房州。統縣四，戶七千一百六。

Fengli. Fangling Commandery: the Western Wei established the Guangqian Principality here. Later Zhou abolished the principality and established Qianzhou. At the beginning of Daye it was renamed Fangzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised four counties with seven thousand one hundred and six households.

181

光遷舊曰房陵，置新城郡。梁末置岐州，後周郡縣並改為光遷，又有舊綏州，開皇初，與郡並廢。大業初置房陵郡。有房山、霍水。永清舊曰大洪，後周改焉。有照珠山、百武山、沮水、泛水。竹山梁曰安城，西魏改焉。置羅州。開皇十八年改曰房州，大業初州廢。有花林山、懸鼓山。上庸梁曰新豐，西魏改焉。後周改曰孔陽。開皇十八年複曰上庸。清化郡置巴州。

Guangqian was formerly called Fangling and had Xincheng Commandery established there. At the end of Liang, Qizhou was established; Later Zhou changed both commandery and county to Guangqian. It also had old Suizhou, which at the beginning of Kaihuang was abolished together with the commandery. At the beginning of Daye, Fangling Commandery was established. It had Fang Mountain and the Huo River. Yongqing was formerly called Dahong; Later Zhou changed it. It had Zhaozhu Mountain, Baiwu Mountain, the Ju River, and the Fan River. Zhushan was called Ancheng by Liang; Western Wei changed it and established Luozhou. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed to Fangzhou, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Hualin Mountain and Xuangu Mountain. Shangyong was called Xinfeng by Liang; Western Wei changed it. Later Zhou changed it to Kongyang. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was again called Shangyong. Qinghua Commandery had Bazhou established.

182

光遷

Guangqian

183

永清

Yongqing

184

竹山

Zhushan

185

上庸清化郡清化郡置巴州。統縣十四，戶一萬六千五百三十九。

Shangyong. Qinghua Commandery: Bazhou was established here. Its jurisdiction comprised fourteen counties with sixteen thousand five hundred and thirty-nine households.

186

化成梁曰梁廣，仍置歸化郡。後周改縣曰化成。開皇初郡廢。大業初置清化郡。曾口梁置。清化梁置，曰伏強，有木門郡。開皇三年郡廢，七年縣改曰清化。有伏強山。清水盤道梁置，曰難江。西魏改焉。有龍腹山。永穆梁置，曰永康，又有萬榮郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改名焉。歸仁梁置，曰平州縣。後周改曰同昌，開皇中改名焉。始甯梁置，並置遂寧郡。開皇初郡廢。有始寧山。其章梁置。恩陽梁置，曰義陽。開皇末改。長池後周置，曰曲細。開皇末改焉。符陽舊置其章郡，開皇初廢。白石有文山。安固梁置。後周置蓬州，大業初州廢。有大蓬山。伏虞梁置，曰宣漢，及置伏虞郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年改焉。通川郡梁置萬州，西魏曰通州。

Huacheng was called Liangguang by Liang, which still established Guihua Commandery there. Later Zhou changed the county to Huacheng. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Qinghua Commandery was established. Zengkou was established by Liang. Qinghua was established by Liang as Fuqiang, and had Mumen Commandery. In Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished, and in year seven the county was changed to Qinghua. It had Fuqiang Mountain. Qingshui and Pandao were established by Liang as Nanjiang. Western Wei changed them. It had Longfu Mountain. Yongmu was established by Liang as Yongkang, and it also had Wanrong Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. Guiren was established by Liang as Pingzhou County. Later Zhou changed it to Tongchang, and during Kaihuang its name was changed. Shining was established by Liang, which also established Suining Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Shining Mountain. Qizhang was established by Liang. Enyang was established by Liang as Yiyang; at the end of Kaihuang it was changed. Changchi was established by Later Zhou as Quxi; at the end of Kaihuang it was changed. Fuyang formerly had Qizhang Commandery established there, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Baishi had Wen Mountain. Angu was established by Liang. Later Zhou established Pengzhou, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Dapeng Mountain. Fuyu was established by Liang as Xuanhan, and Fuyu Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen it was changed. Tongchuan Commandery had Wanzhou established by Liang; Western Wei called it Tongzhou.

187

化成

Huacheng

188

曾口

Zengkou

189

清化

Qinghua

190

清水

Qingshui

191

盤道

Pandao

192

永穆

Yongmu

193

歸仁

Guiren

194

始甯

Shining

195

其章

Qizhang

196

長池

Changchi

197

符陽

Fuyang

198

白石

Baishi

199

安固

Angu

200

伏虞通川郡通川郡梁置萬州，西魏曰通州。統縣七，戶一萬二千六百二十四。

Fuyu. Tongchuan Commandery: Liang established Wanzhou here; the Western Wei renamed it Tongzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised seven counties with twelve thousand six hundred and twenty-four households.

201

通川梁曰石城，置東關郡。開皇初郡廢。大業初置通川郡。三岡梁置，屬新安郡。西魏改郡曰新寧。開皇初郡廢。石鼓西魏置遷州。後周廢州，置臨清郡。開皇初廢郡。東鄉西魏置石州，後周廢州，置三巴郡。開皇初郡廢。宣漢西魏置并州及永昌郡。開皇三年郡廢，五年州廢。西流後魏曰漢興。西魏改焉，又置開州，及周安、萬安、江會三郡。後周省江會入周安。開皇初郡並廢，大業初州廢。萬世後周置，及置萬世郡。開皇初郡廢。宕渠郡梁置渠州。

Tongchuan was called Shicheng by Liang, which established Dongguan Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Tongchuan Commandery was established. Sangang was established by Liang and belonged to Xin'an Commandery. Western Wei changed the commandery to Xinning. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Shigu had Qianzhou established by Western Wei. Later Zhou abolished the province and established Linqing Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Dongxiang had Shizhou established by Western Wei; Later Zhou abolished the province and established Sanba Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Xuanhan had Bingzhou and Yongchang Commandery established by Western Wei. In Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished, and in year five the province was abolished. Xiliu was called Hanxing by Northern Wei. Western Wei changed it, and also established Kaizhou and the three commanderies Zhou'an, Wan'an, and Jianghui. Later Zhou abolished Jianghui into Zhou'an. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were all abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Wanshi was established by Later Zhou, and Wanshi Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Dangqu Commandery had Quzhou established by Liang.

202

通川

Tongchuan

203

三岡

Sangang

204

石鼓

Shigu

205

東鄉

Dongxiang

206

宣漢

Xuanhan

207

西流

Xiliu

208

萬世宕渠郡宕渠郡梁置渠州。統縣六，戶一萬四千三十五。

Wanshi. Dangqu Commandery: Liang established Quzhou here. Its jurisdiction comprised six counties with fourteen thousand and thirty-five households.

209

流江後魏置縣，及置流江郡，開皇初郡廢，大業初置宕渠郡。賨城舊曰始安。開皇十八年改焉。鄰水梁置縣，並置鄰州，後魏改鄰山郡，開皇初郡廢。宕渠梁置，並置境陽郡。開皇初郡廢。咸安梁置，曰綏安。開皇末改名焉。墊江西魏置縣及容川、容山郡。後周改為魏安縣。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改名焉。漢陽郡後魏曰南秦州，西魏曰成州。

Liujiang had a county established by Northern Wei, which also established Liujiang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Dangqu Commandery was established. Zongcheng was formerly called Shi'an; in Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed. Linshui had a county established by Liang, together with Linzhou; Later Wei changed it to Linshan Commandery, and at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Dangqu was established by Liang, which also established Jingyang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Xian'an was established by Liang as Sui'an; at the end of Kaihuang its name was changed. Dianjiang had a county and Rongchuan and Rongshan commanderies established by Western Wei. Later Zhou changed it to Wei'an County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. Hanyang Commandery was called Southern Qinzhou by Later Wei and Chengzhou by Western Wei.

210

流江

Liujiang

211

賨城

Congcheng

212

鄰水

Linshui

213

宕渠

Dangqu

214

咸安

Xi'an

215

墊江漢陽郡漢陽郡後魏曰南秦州，西魏曰成州。統縣三，戶一萬九百八十五。

Dianjiang. Hanyang Commandery: the Northern Wei called it Southern Qinzhou; the Western Wei renamed it Chengzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised three counties with ten thousand nine hundred and eighty-five households.

216

上祿舊置仇池郡，後魏置倉泉縣，後周廢階陵、豐川、建平、城階四縣入焉。開皇初郡廢，大業初置漢陽郡，改縣曰上祿。有百頃堆。潭水西魏置潭水郡。後周郡廢，並廢甘若，相山、武定三縣入焉。長道後魏置漢陽郡。後周郡廢，又省水南縣入焉。開皇初郡廢，十八年改曰長道。臨洮郡後周武帝逐吐谷渾，以置洮陽郡，尋立洮州。

Shanglu formerly had Qiuchi Commandery established there. Later Wei established Cangquan County; Later Zhou abolished Jieling, Fengchuan, Jianping, and Chengjie counties into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; at the beginning of Daye Hanyang Commandery was established and the county was changed to Shanglu. It had Baiqingdui. Tanshui had Tanshui Commandery established by Western Wei. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and also abolished Ganruo, Xiangshan, and Wuding counties into it. Changdao had Hanyang Commandery established by Later Wei. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and also abolished Shuinan County into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen it was changed to Changdao. Lintao Commandery was created when Emperor Wu of Later Zhou drove out Tuyuhun and established Taoyang Commandery; soon Taozhou was established.

217

上祿

Shanglu

218

潭水

Tanshui

219

長道臨洮郡臨洮郡後周武帝逐吐谷渾，以置洮陽郡，尋立洮州。開皇初郡廢。統縣十一，戶二萬八千九百七十一。

Changdao. Lintao Commandery: when Emperor Wu of Zhou drove out Tuyuhun, Taoyang Commandery was established here, and Taozhou was soon established. The commandery was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Its jurisdiction comprised eleven counties with twenty-eight thousand nine hundred and seventy-one households.

220

美相後周置縣，及置洮陽郡。開皇初郡廢，並洮陽縣入焉。大業初置監洮郡。疊川後周置疊州、疊川縣。開皇四年置總管府，大業元年府廢。有洮水、流水。合川後周置，仍立西疆郡。開皇初郡廢。有白嶺山。樂川後周置。歸政開皇二年置，仍立疆澤郡，三年廢，又後周立弘州及開遠、河濱二郡。開皇初州郡並廢。洮源後周置，曰金城，並立旭州，又置通義郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改為美俗。大業初州廢，縣改名焉。洮陽後周置，曰廣恩，並置廣恩郡。開皇初郡廢，仁壽元年，改縣為洮河，大業初改曰洮陽。臨潭後周曰泛潭，開皇十一年改名焉。臨洮西魏置，曰溢樂，並置岷州及同和郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢，更名縣曰臨洮。又後周置祐川郡、基城縣，尋郡縣俱廢。有岷山、崆峒山。當夷後周置。又立洪和郡，郡尋廢。又置博陵郡及博陵、寧人二縣。開皇初併入。和政後周置洮城郡，尋廢。宕昌郡後周置宕昌國，天和元年置宕州總管府。開皇四年府廢。

Meixiang had a county and Taoyang Commandery established by Later Zhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Taoyang County was merged into it. At the beginning of Daye, Jiantao Commandery was established. Diechuan had Diezhou and Diechuan County established by Later Zhou. In Kaihuang year four a grand administrative office was established, and in Daye year one the office was abolished. It had the Tao River and Liu River. Hechuan was established by Later Zhou, which still established Xijiang Commandery there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Bailing Mountain. Lechuan was established by Later Zhou. Guizheng was established in Kaihuang year two, and Jiangze Commandery was still established there; in year three it was abolished. Later Zhou also established Hongzhou and Kaiyuan and Hebin commanderies. At the beginning of Kaihuang the province and commanderies were all abolished. Taoyuan was established by Later Zhou as Jincheng; Xuzhou was also established, and Tongyi Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county was changed to Meisu. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished and the county's name was changed. Taoyang was established by Later Zhou as Guang'en, and Guang'en Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in Renshou year one the county was changed to Taohe, and at the beginning of Daye it was changed to Taoyang. Lintan was called Fantan by Later Zhou; in Kaihuang year eleven its name was changed. Lintao was established by Western Wei as Yile, with Minzhou and Tonghe Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and the county was renamed Lintao. Later Zhou also established Youchuan Commandery and Jicheng County; soon both commandery and county were abolished. It had Min Mountain and Kongtong Mountain. Dangyi was established by Later Zhou. Honghe Commandery was also established, soon abolished. Boling Commandery and Boling and Ningren counties were also established; at the beginning of Kaihuang they were merged into it. Hezheng had Taocheng Commandery established by Later Zhou, soon abolished. Dangchang Commandery had the Dangchang kingdom established by Later Zhou; in Tianhe year one the Dangzhou grand administrative office was established. In Kaihuang year four the office was abolished.

221

美相

Meixiang

222

疊川

Diechuan

223

合川

Hechuan

224

樂川

Lechuan

225

歸政

Guizheng

226

洮源

Taoyuan

227

洮陽

Taoyang

228

臨潭

Lintan

229

臨洮

Lintao

230

當夷

Dangyi

231

和政宕昌郡宕昌郡後周置宕昌國，置宕州總管府。府廢。統縣三，戶六千九百九十六。

Hezheng. Dangchang Commandery: Later Zhou established the Dangchang Principality and the Dangzhou grand protectorate here. The protectorate was later abolished. Its jurisdiction comprised three counties with six thousand nine hundred and ninety-six households.

232

良恭後周置，初曰陽宕，置宕昌郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年改名焉。大業初置宕昌郡。

Lianggong was established by Later Zhou. It was first called Yangdang, and Dangchang Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year eighteen the county name was changed. At the beginning of Daye, Dangchang Commandery was established.

233

和戎後周置。有良恭山。

Herong was established by Later Zhou. It had Lianggong Mountain.

234

懷道後周置甘松郡，開皇初郡廢。武都郡西魏置武州。統縣七，戶一萬七百八十。

Huaidao had Gansong Commandery established by Later Zhou; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Wudu Commandery had Wuzhou established by Western Wei. Its jurisdiction comprised seven counties with ten thousand seven hundred and eighty households.

235

將利舊曰石門，西魏改曰安育。後周改曰將利，置武都郡，後改曰永都郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初置武都郡。又有東平縣，後周併入焉。有河池水。建威後魏置白水郡，郡廢，改為白水縣。西魏複立郡，改為綏戎。後周郡廢，改為建威縣，並廢洪化縣入焉。又西魏有孔堤郡及縣，後周並廢。覆津後魏初曰玩當，置武階郡。西魏又置覆津縣，及置萬郡，統赤萬、接難、五部三縣。後周一郡三縣並玩當，並廢入焉。開皇初武階郡又廢。盤堤西魏置，曰南五部縣，後改名焉；並立武陽郡及茄蘆縣。後周郡廢，縣併入焉。長松西魏置，初曰建昌，置文州及盧北郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改曰長松，大業初州廢。曲水西魏置。正西西魏置。同昌郡西魏逐吐谷渾，置鄧州。開皇七年改曰扶州。

Jiangli was formerly called Shimen; Western Wei changed it to Anyu. Later Zhou changed it to Jiangli, established Wudu Commandery there, and later changed it to Yongdu Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Wudu Commandery was established. It also had Dongping County, which Later Zhou merged into it. It had the Hechi River. Jianwei had Baishui Commandery established by Later Wei; when the commandery was abolished, it was changed to Baishui County. Western Wei restored the commandery and changed it to Suirong. Later Zhou abolished the commandery, changed it to Jianwei County, and abolished Honghua County into it. Western Wei also had Kongdi Commandery and County; Later Zhou abolished both. Fujin was first called Wandang by Later Wei, which established Wujie Commandery there. Western Wei also established Fujin County and Wan Commandery, which governed Chiwan, Jienan, and Wubu counties. Later Zhou abolished the one commandery, three counties, and Wandang into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang, Wujie Commandery was also abolished. Pandi was established by Western Wei as Southern Wubu County and later renamed; Wuyang Commandery and Jialu County were also established. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and merged the county into it. Changsong was established by Western Wei, first called Jianchang, with Wenzhou and Lubei Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, in year eighteen the county was changed to Changsong, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Qushui was established by Western Wei. Zhengxi was established by Western Wei. Tongchang Commandery was created when Western Wei drove out Tuyuhun and established Dengzhou. In Kaihuang year seven it was changed to Fuzhou.

236

將利

Jiangli

237

建威

Jianwei

238

覆津

Fujin

239

盤堤

Pandi

240

長松

Changsong

241

曲水

Qushui

242

正西同昌郡同昌郡西魏逐吐谷渾，置鄧州。改曰扶州。統縣八，戶一萬二千二百四十八。

Zhengxi. Tongchang Commandery: the Western Wei drove out Tuyuhun and established Dengzhou here. It was later renamed Fuzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised eight counties with twelve thousand two hundred and forty-eight households.

243

尚安西魏置縣及鄧寧郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初置同昌郡。有黑水。鉗川西魏置。有鉗川山。有白水。貼夷西魏置，又置昌寧郡。開皇三年郡廢。同昌西魏置。有鄧至山，雲鄧艾所至，故名焉。嘉誠後周置縣並龍涸郡及扶州總管府。開皇初府廢，三年郡廢，七年州廢。有雪山。封德後魏置，又立芳州，有深泉郡，開皇初郡廢，又省理定縣入焉。大業初州廢。常芬後周置，及立恆香郡。開皇初郡廢。有弱水。金崖後周置。河池郡後魏置南岐州，後周改曰鳳州。

Shang'an had a county and Dengning Commandery established by Western Wei. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Tongchang Commandery was established. It had Blackwater. Qianchuan was established by Western Wei. It had Qianchuan Mountain and whitewater. Tieyi was established by Western Wei, which also established Changning Commandery. In Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished. Tongchang was established by Western Wei. It had Dengzhi Mountain, said to be named because Deng Ai reached it. Jiacheng had a county, Longhe Commandery, and the Fuzhou grand administrative office established by Later Zhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the office was abolished; in year three the commandery was abolished; in year seven the province was abolished. It had Snow Mountain. Fengde was established by Later Wei, which also established Fangzhou; it had Shenquan Commandery, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang, and Liding County was also abolished into it. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Changfen was established by Later Zhou, which also established Hengxiang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Ruoshui. Jinya was established by Later Zhou. Hechi Commandery had Southern Qizhou established by Later Wei; Later Zhou changed it to Fengzhou.

244

尚安

Shang'an

245

鉗川

Qianchuan

246

貼夷

Tieyi

247

同昌

Tongchang

248

嘉誠

Jiacheng

249

封德

Fengde

250

常芬

Changfen

251

金崖河池郡河池郡後魏置南岐州，後周改曰鳳州。統縣四，戶一萬一千二百二。

Jinyai. Hechi Commandery: the Northern Wei established Southern Qizhou here; Later Zhou renamed it Fengzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised four counties with eleven thousand two hundred and two households.

252

梁泉舊曰故道，後魏置郡，曰固道，縣曰涼泉，尋改曰梁泉。西魏改郡曰歸真。後周廢郡，又廢龍安、商樂二縣入。大業初置郡。兩當後魏置，及立兩當郡。開皇初郡廢。河池後魏曰廣化，並置廣化郡。開皇初郡廢，仁壽初縣改名焉。又後魏置思安縣，大業初省入。有河池水。同谷舊曰白石，置廣業郡。西魏改曰同穀，後周置康州。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢。又有泥陽縣，西魏廢。順政郡後魏置東益州，梁為武興蕃王國，西魏改為興州。

Liangquan was formerly called Gudao. Later Wei established a commandery called Gudao there, while the county was called Liangquan; soon it was changed to Liangquan. Western Wei changed the commandery to Guizhen. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and also abolished Long'an and Shangle counties into it. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was established. Liangdang was established by Later Wei, which also established Liangdang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Hechi was called Guanghua by Later Wei, which also established Guanghua Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; at the beginning of Renshou the county's name was changed. Later Wei also established Si'an County, which was abolished into it at the beginning of Daye. It had the Hechi River. Tonggu was formerly called Baishi and had Guangye Commandery established there. Western Wei changed it to Tonggu, and Later Zhou established Kangzhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It also had Niyang County, which Western Wei abolished. Shunzheng Commandery had Eastern Yizhou established by Later Wei; Liang made it the Wuxing frontier kingdom; Western Wei changed it to Xingzhou.

253

梁泉

Liangquan

254

兩當

Liangdang

255

河池

Hechi

256

同谷順政郡順政郡後魏置東益州，梁為武興蕃王國，西魏改為興州。統縣四，戶四千二百六十一。

Tonggu. Shunzheng Commandery: the Northern Wei established Eastern Yizhou here; Liang made it the Wuxing Barbarian Kingdom; the Western Wei renamed it Xingzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised four counties with four thousand two hundred and sixty-one households.

257

順政舊曰略陽。西魏置郡，曰順政，縣曰漢曲；又置仇池縣，後改曰靈道。開皇初郡廢。十八年，縣改名焉。大業初置郡，又省靈道縣併入。鳴水西魏置，曰落叢，並置落叢郡。開皇初郡廢。六年，縣改為廚北。八年，改曰鳴水。長舉西魏置，又立盤頭郡。後周廢郡，有鳳溪水。修城舊置修城郡，縣曰廣長。後周郡廢；又廢下阪縣入。仁壽初，縣改名焉。又西魏置柏樹縣，後周廢。義城郡後魏立益州，世號小益州。

Shunzheng was formerly called Lüeyang. Western Wei established a commandery called Shunzheng, while the county was called Hanqu; it also established Qiuchi County, later changed to Lingdao. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen the county's name was changed. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was established, and Lingdao County was also abolished and merged into it. Mingshui was established by Western Wei as Luocong, and Luocong Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year six the county was changed to Chubei. In year eight it was changed to Mingshui. Changju was established by Western Wei, which also established Pantou Commandery. Later Zhou abolished the commandery. It had Fengxi River. Xiucheng formerly had Xiucheng Commandery established there, while the county was called Guangchang. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and also abolished Xiaban County into it. At the beginning of Renshou the county's name was changed. Western Wei also established Baishu County, which Later Zhou abolished. Yicheng Commandery had Yizhou established by Later Wei; in its time it was called Little Yizhou.

258

順政

Shunzheng

259

鳴水

Mingshui

260

長舉

Changju

261

修城義城郡義城郡後魏立益州，世號小益州。梁曰黎州。西魏複曰益州，又改曰利州，置總管府。大業初府廢。統縣七，戶一萬五千九百五十。

Xiucheng. Yicheng Commandery: the Northern Wei established Yizhou here, known as Lesser Yizhou. Liang renamed it Lizhou. The Western Wei restored the name Yizhou, then changed it to Lizhou and established a grand protectorate. The protectorate was abolished at the beginning of Daye. Its jurisdiction comprised seven counties with fifteen thousand nine hundred and fifty households.

262

綿谷舊曰興安，置晉壽郡。開皇初郡廢。十八年，縣改名焉。大業初置郡。又有華陽郡，梁置華州，西魏並廢。有龍門山。益昌義城西魏置。葭萌後魏曰晉安，置新巴郡。開皇初郡廢。十八年，縣改名焉。大業初又並恩金縣入焉。岐坪景穀舊曰白水，置平興郡。後周省東洛郡入。開皇初郡廢，縣改名平興。十八年，改曰景穀。大業初又省魚般縣入焉。有關官。有木馬山、良珠山。有凍水。嘉川舊置宋熙郡，開皇初廢。平武郡西魏置龍州。

Miangu was formerly called Xing'an and had Jinshou Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen the county's name was changed. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was established. It also had Huayang Commandery; Liang established Huazhou, and Western Wei abolished both. It had Longmen Mountain. Yichang and Yicheng were established by Western Wei. Jiameng was called Jin'an by Later Wei, which established Xinba Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen the county's name was changed. At the beginning of Daye, Enjin County was also merged into it. Qiping and Jinggu were formerly called Baishui and had Pingxing Commandery established there. Later Zhou abolished Dongluo Commandery into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Pingxing. In year eighteen it was changed to Jinggu. At the beginning of Daye, Yuban County was also abolished into it. It had barrier offices, Muma Mountain, Liangzhu Mountain, and frozen water. Jiachuan formerly had Songxi Commandery established there, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Pingwu Commandery had Longzhou established by Western Wei.

263

綿谷

Miangu

264

益昌

Yichang

265

義城

Yicheng

266

葭萌

Jiameng

267

岐坪

Qiping

268

景穀

Jinggu

269

嘉川平武郡平武郡西魏置龍州。統縣四，戶五千四百二十。

Jiachuan. Pingwu Commandery: the Western Wei established Longzhou here. Its jurisdiction comprised four counties with five thousand four hundred and twenty households.

270

江油後魏置江油郡，開皇三年郡廢，大業初置郡。有關官。馬盤後魏置馬盤郡，開皇三年郡廢。平武梁末，李文智自立為籓王，西魏廢為縣，有涪水、潺水。方維舊曰秦興，置建陽郡。開皇初郡廢，縣改名焉。汶山郡後周置汶州。

Jiangyou had Jiangyou Commandery established by Later Wei; in Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the commandery was established. It had barrier offices. Mapan had Mapan Commandery established by Later Wei, which was abolished in Kaihuang year three. Pingwu: at the end of Liang, Li Wenzhi established himself as a frontier king; Western Wei abolished it to become a county. It had the Fu River and Chan River. Fangwei was formerly called Qinxing and had Jianyang Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county's name was changed. Wenshan Commandery had Wenzhou established by Later Zhou.

271

江油

Jiangyou

272

馬盤

Mapan

273

平武

Pingwu

274

方維汶山郡汶山郡後周置汶州。開皇初改曰蜀州，尋為會州，置總管府。大業初府廢。統縣十一，戶二萬四千一百五十九。

Fangwei. Wenshan Commandery: Later Zhou established Wenzhou here. At the beginning of Kaihuang it became Shuzhou, soon Huizhou, and a grand protectorate was established. The protectorate was abolished at the beginning of Daye. Its jurisdiction comprised eleven counties with twenty-four thousand one hundred and fifty-nine households.

275

汶山舊曰廣陽。梁改為北部都尉，置繩州、北部郡。後周改曰汶州。開皇初郡廢，仁壽元年改名焉。北川後周置。有龍泉水、鷹門山，襄陽山。汶川後周置汝山郡，開皇初郡廢。交川開皇初置。有關官。通化開皇初置，曰金川，仁壽初改名焉。左封後周置，曰廣年，及置廣年郡、左封郡。開皇初郡並廢。仁壽初縣改名焉。又周置翼州，大業初廢，有汶山。平康後周置。有羊腸山。翼水後周置，曰龍求，及置清江郡。開皇初郡廢，縣改曰清江。十八年，又改名焉。翼針後周置，及翼針郡。開皇初郡廢。有石鏡山。江源後周置。通軌後周置縣及覃州，並覃川、榮鄉二郡。開皇初郡廢，四年州廢。有甘松山。普安郡梁置南梁州，後改為安州，西魏改為始州。

Wenshan was formerly called Guangyang. Liang changed it to the Northern Section Commandant and established Shengzhou and Northern Section Commandery. Later Zhou changed it to Wenzhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in Renshou year one the name was changed. Beichuan was established by Later Zhou. It had Longquan River, Yingmen Mountain, and Xiangyang Mountain. Wenchuan had Rushan Commandery established by Later Zhou; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Jiaochuan was established at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had barrier offices. Tonghua was established at the beginning of Kaihuang as Jinchuan; at the beginning of Renshou the name was changed. Zuofeng was established by Later Zhou as Guangnian, and Guangnian Commandery and Zuofeng Commandery were established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were both abolished. At the beginning of Renshou the county's name was changed. Zhou also established Yizhou, which was abolished at the beginning of Daye. It had Wenshan. Pingkang was established by Later Zhou. It had Yangchang Mountain. Yishui was established by Later Zhou as Longqiu, and Qingjiang Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Qingjiang. In year eighteen its name was again changed. Yizhen was established by Later Zhou, along with Yizhen Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Shijing Mountain. Jiangyuan was established by Later Zhou. Tonggui had a county and Tanzhou established by Later Zhou, together with Tanchuan and Rongxiang commanderies. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year four the province was abolished. It had Gansong Mountain. Pu'an Commandery had Southern Liangzhou established by Liang; later it was changed to Anzhou, and Western Wei changed it to Shizhou.

276

汶山

Wenshan

277

汶川

Wenchuan

278

交川

Jiaochuan

279

通化

Tonghua

280

左封

Zuofeng

281

平康

Pingkang

282

翼水

Yishui

283

翼針

Yizhen

284

江源

Jiangyuan

285

通軌普安郡普安郡梁置南梁州，後改為安州，西魏改為始州。統縣七，戶三萬一千三百五十一。

Tonggui. Pu'an Commandery: Liang established Southern Liangzhou here, later renamed Anzhou; the Western Wei changed it to Shizhou. Its jurisdiction comprised seven counties with thirty-one thousand three hundred and fifty-one households.

286

普安舊曰南安。西魏改曰普安，置普安郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初置郡焉。永歸舊曰白水，西魏改焉。黃安舊曰華陽，西魏改焉，又置黃原郡。開皇初郡廢。陰平宋置北陰平郡，魏置龍州。西魏改郡為陰平，又名縣焉。後周從江油郡，改曰靜龍，縣曰陰平。開皇初郡廢。梓潼舊曰安壽，西魏置潼川郡。開皇初郡廢。大業初縣改名焉。有五婦山。武連舊曰武功，置輔劍郡。西魏改郡曰安都，縣曰武連。開皇初郡廢。臨津舊曰胡原。開皇七年改焉。金山郡西魏置潼州。

Pu'an was formerly called Nan'an. Western Wei changed it to Pu'an and established Pu'an Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the commandery was established there. Yonggui was formerly called Baishui; Western Wei changed it. Huang'an was formerly called Huayang; Western Wei changed it and also established Huangyuan Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Yinping: Song established Northern Yinping Commandery, and Wei established Longzhou. Western Wei changed the commandery to Yinping and also named the county. Later Zhou followed Jiangyou Commandery, changed it to Jinglong, and called the county Yinping. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Zitong was formerly called Anshou; Western Wei established Tongchuan Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the county's name was changed. It had Wufu Mountain. Wulian was formerly called Wugong and had Fujian Commandery established there. Western Wei changed the commandery to Andu and the county to Wulian. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Linjin was formerly called Huyuan. In Kaihuang year seven it was changed. Jinshan Commandery had Tongzhou established by Western Wei.

287

普安

Pu'an

288

永歸

Yonggui

289

黃安

Huang'an

290

陰平

Yinping

291

梓潼

Zitong

292

武連

Wulian

293

臨津金山郡金山郡西魏置潼州。開皇五年，改曰綿州。統縣七，戶三萬六千九百六十三。

Linjin. Jinshan Commandery: the Western Wei established Tongzhou here. In the fifth year of Kaihuang it was renamed Mianzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised seven counties with thirty-six thousand nine hundred and sixty-three households.

294

巴西舊曰涪，置巴西郡。西魏改縣曰巴西。開皇初郡廢。大業初置金山郡。有鹽井。昌隆有雲臺山。涪城舊置始平郡，西魏改郡為涪城，後周又改曰安城。開皇初郡廢，改縣曰安城。十六年，改為涪城。魏城西魏置。萬安舊曰孱亭，西魏改名焉，置萬安郡。開皇初郡廢。神泉舊曰西充國，開皇六年改名焉。金山舊置益昌、晉興二縣，西魏省晉興入益昌，後周別置金山。開皇四年，省益昌入金山。新城郡梁末置新州。

Baxi was formerly called Fu and had Baxi Commandery established there. Western Wei changed the county to Baxi. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Jinshan Commandery was established. It had salt wells. Changlong had Yuntai Mountain. Fucheng formerly had Shiping Commandery established there; Western Wei changed the commandery to Fucheng, and Later Zhou again changed it to Ancheng. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Ancheng. In year sixteen it was changed to Fucheng. Weicheng was established by Western Wei. Wan'an was formerly called Chanting; Western Wei changed its name and established Wan'an Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Shenquan was formerly called Xichongguo; in Kaihuang year six its name was changed. Jinshan formerly had Yichang and Jinxing counties established there; Western Wei abolished Jinxing into Yichang, and Later Zhou separately established Jinshan. In Kaihuang year four Yichang was abolished into Jinshan. Xincheng Commandery had Xinzhou established at the end of Liang.

295

巴西

Baxi

296

昌隆

Changlong

297

涪城

Fucheng

298

魏城

Weicheng

299

萬安

Wan'an

300

神泉

Shenquan

301

金山新城郡新城郡梁末置新州。開皇末改曰梓。統縣五，戶三萬七百二十七。

Jinshan. Xincheng Commandery: Liang established Xizhou here at the end of its reign. At the end of Kaihuang it was renamed Zi. Its jurisdiction comprised five counties with thirty thousand seven hundred and twenty-seven households.

302

郪舊曰伍城。西魏改曰昌城，仍置昌城郡。開皇初郡廢。大業初置新城郡，改縣名焉。射洪西魏置，曰射江，後周改名焉。鹽亭西魏置鹽亭郡。開皇初郡廢。有高渠縣。大業初併入焉。通泉舊曰通泉，置西宕渠郡。西魏改郡、縣俱曰勇泉。開皇初郡廢，縣改名，又並光漢縣入焉。飛烏開皇中置。巴西郡梁置南梁、北巴州，西魏置隆州。

Qi was formerly called Wucheng. Western Wei changed it to Changcheng and still established Changcheng Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Xincheng Commandery was established and the county's name was changed. Shehong was established by Western Wei as Shejiang; Later Zhou changed the name. Yanting had Yanting Commandery established by Western Wei. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Gaoqu County, which at the beginning of Daye was merged into it. Tongquan was formerly called Tongquan and had Western Dangqu Commandery established there. Western Wei changed both commandery and county to Yongquan. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, the county's name was changed, and Guanghan County was also merged into it. Feiwu was established during Kaihuang. Baxi Commandery had Southern Liangzhou and Northern Bazhou established by Liang; Western Wei established Longzhou.

303

郪

Qi

304

射洪

Shehong

305

鹽亭

Yanting

306

通泉

Tongquan

307

飛烏巴西郡巴西郡梁置南梁、北巴州，西魏置隆州。統縣十，戶四萬一千六十四。

Feiwu. Baxi Commandery: Liang established Southern Ba and Northern Ba provinces here; the Western Wei established Longzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised ten counties with forty-one thousand and sixty-four households.

308

閬內梁置北巴郡，後魏平蜀，置盤龍郡，開皇初郡廢。大業初置巴西郡。有盤龍山、天柱山、靈山。南部舊曰南充國，梁曰南部，西魏置新安郡，後周郡廢。蒼溪舊曰漢昌，開皇末改名焉。南充舊曰安漢，置宕渠郡。開皇初郡廢。十八年，縣改名焉。相如梁置梓潼郡，後魏郡廢。西水梁置掌天郡，西魏改曰金遷，開皇初郡廢。晉城舊曰西充國，梁置木蘭郡。西魏廢郡，改縣名焉。有閬水。奉國梁置白馬、義陽二郡，開皇初郡廢，並廢義陽縣入焉。儀隴梁置，並置隆城郡。開皇初郡廢。大寅梁置。遂寧郡後周置遂州。

Langnei had Northern Ba Commandery established by Liang. After Later Wei pacified Shu, Panlong Commandery was established, and at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Baxi Commandery was established. It had Panlong Mountain, Tianzhu Mountain, and Ling Mountain. Nanbu was formerly called Nanchongguo; Liang called it Nanbu; Western Wei established Xin'an Commandery, and Later Zhou abolished the commandery. Cangxi was formerly called Hanchang; at the end of Kaihuang its name was changed. Nanchong was formerly called Anhan and had Dangqu Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen the county's name was changed. Xiangru had Zitong Commandery established by Liang, and Later Wei abolished the commandery. Xishui had Zhangtian Commandery established by Liang; Western Wei changed it to Jinqian, and at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Jincheng was formerly called Xichongguo; Liang established Mulan Commandery there. Western Wei abolished the commandery and changed the county's name. It had the Lang River. Fengguo had Baima and Yiyang commanderies established by Liang; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were abolished, and Yiyang County was also abolished into it. Yilong was established by Liang, which also established Longcheng Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Dayin was established by Liang. Suining Commandery had Suizhou established by Later Zhou.

309

閬內

Langnei

310

南部

Nanbu

311

蒼溪

Cangxi

312

南充

Nanchong

313

相如

Xiangru

314

晉城

Jincheng

315

奉國

Fengguo

316

儀隴

Yilong

317

大寅遂寧郡遂寧郡後周置遂州。仁壽二年，置總管府。大業初府廢。統縣三，戶一萬二千六百二十二。

Dayin. Suining Commandery: Later Zhou established Suizhou here. A grand protectorate was established in the second year of Renshou. The protectorate was abolished at the beginning of Daye. Its jurisdiction comprised three counties with twelve thousand six hundred and twenty-two households.

318

方義梁曰小溪，置東遂寧郡。西魏改縣名焉。後周改郡曰石山。開皇初郡廢。大業初置遂寧郡。青石舊曰晉興，西魏改名焉，又置懷化郡。開皇初郡廢。長江舊曰巴興，西魏改名焉，又置懷化郡。開皇初郡廢。涪陵郡西魏置合州。

Fangyi was called Xiaoxi by Liang, which established Eastern Suining Commandery there. Western Wei changed the county's name. Later Zhou changed the commandery to Shishan. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Suining Commandery was established. Qingshi was formerly called Jinxing; Western Wei changed its name and also established Huaihua Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Changjiang was formerly called Baxing; Western Wei changed its name and also established Huaihua Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Fuling Commandery had Hezhou established by Western Wei.

319

方義

Fangyi

320

青石

Qingshi

321

長江涪陵郡涪陵郡西魏置合州。開皇末改曰涪州。統縣三，戶九千九百二十一。

Changjiang. Fuling Commandery: the Western Wei established Hezhou here. At the end of Kaihuang it was renamed Fuzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised three counties with nine thousand nine hundred and twenty-one households.

322

石鏡舊曰墊江，置宕渠郡。西魏改郡為墊江，縣為石鏡。開皇初郡廢。大業初置涪陵郡。

Shijing was formerly called Dianjiang, and Dangqu Commandery was established there. Western Wei changed the commandery to Dianjiang and the county to Shijing. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Fuling Commandery was established.

323

漢初梁置新興郡。西魏改郡曰清居，名縣曰漢初。開皇初郡廢。

Hanchu had Xinxing Commandery established by Liang. Western Wei changed the commandery to Qingju and named the county Hanchu. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished.

324

赤水開皇八年置。巴郡梁置楚州。開皇初改曰渝州。統縣三，戶一萬四千四百二十三。

Chishui was established in Kaihuang year eight. Ba Commandery had Chuzhou established by Liang. At the beginning of Kaihuang it was renamed Yuzhou. Its jurisdiction comprised three counties with fourteen thousand four hundred and twenty-three households.

325

巴舊置巴郡，後周廢枳、墊江二縣入焉。開皇初郡廢。大業初置巴郡。江津舊曰江州縣。西魏改為江陽，置七門郡。開皇初郡廢。十八年，縣改名焉。涪陵舊曰漢平，置涪陵郡。開皇初郡廢。十三年，縣改名焉。巴東郡梁置信州，後周置總管府，大業元年府廢。

Ba formerly had Ba Commandery established there; Later Zhou abolished Zhi and Dianjiang counties into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Ba Commandery was established. Jiangjin was formerly called Jiangzhou County. Western Wei changed it to Jiangyang and established Qimen Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen the county's name was changed. Fuling was formerly called Hanping and had Fuling Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year thirteen the county's name was changed. Badong Commandery had Xinzhou established by Liang; Later Zhou established a grand administrative office, and in Daye year one the office was abolished.

326

巴

Ba

327

江津

Jiangjin

328

涪陵巴東郡巴東郡梁置信州，後周置總管府，大業元年府廢。統縣十四，戶二萬一千三百七十。

Fuling. Badong Commandery: Liang established Xinzhou here; Later Zhou set up a grand protectorate, abolished in the first year of Daye. Its jurisdiction comprised fourteen counties with twenty-one thousand three hundred and seventy households.

329

人復舊置巴東郡，縣曰魚複，西魏改曰人複。開皇初郡廢。大業初，置巴東郡。有鹽井、白鹽山。雲安舊曰朐䏰，後周改焉。南浦後周置安鄉郡，後改縣曰安鄉，改郡曰萬川。開皇初郡廢。十八年，縣改名焉。梁山西魏置。有高梁山。有紵溪。大昌後周置永昌郡，尋廢，又廢北井縣入焉。巫山舊置建平郡，開皇初郡廢。有巫山。秭歸後周曰長寧，置秭歸郡。開皇初郡廢，改縣曰秭歸。巴東舊曰歸鄉，梁置信陵郡。後周郡廢，縣改曰樂鄉。開皇末，又改名焉。有巫峽。新浦後周置周安郡，開皇初郡廢。盛山梁曰漢豐，西魏改為永寧，開皇末，曰盛山。臨江梁置臨江郡，後周置臨州。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢。有平都山。有彭溪。武甯後周置南州、南都郡、源陽縣，後改郡曰懷德，縣曰武寧。開皇初州郡並廢入焉。石城開皇初置庸州，大業初州廢。務川開皇末置。蜀郡舊置益州，開皇初廢。

Renfu formerly had Badong Commandery established there, and the county was called Yufu; Western Wei changed it to Renfu. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Badong Commandery was established. It had salt wells and Baiyan Mountain. Yun'an was formerly called Quren; Later Zhou changed it. Nanpu had Anxiang Commandery established by Later Zhou; later the county was changed to Anxiang and the commandery to Wanchuan. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen the county's name was changed. Liangshan was established by Western Wei. It had Gaoliang Mountain and Zhu Brook. Dachang had Yongchang Commandery established by Later Zhou, soon abolished, and Beijing County was also abolished into it. Wushan formerly had Jianping Commandery established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Wu Mountain. Zigui was called Changning by Later Zhou and had Zigui Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Zigui. Badong was formerly called Guixiang; Liang established Xinling Commandery. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and changed the county to Lexiang. At the end of Kaihuang its name was again changed. It had Wu Gorge. Xinpu had Zhou'an Commandery established by Later Zhou; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Shengshan was called Hanfeng by Liang; Western Wei changed it to Yongning, and at the end of Kaihuang it was called Shengshan. Linjiang had Linjiang Commandery established by Liang; Later Zhou established Linzhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Pingdu Mountain and Peng Brook. Wuning had Nanzhou, Nandu Commandery, and Yuanyang County established by Later Zhou; later the commandery was changed to Huaide and the county to Wuning. At the beginning of Kaihuang the province and commandery were both abolished into it. Shicheng had Yongzhou established at the beginning of Kaihuang; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Wuchuan was established at the end of Kaihuang. Shu Commandery formerly had Yizhou established there, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang.

330

人復

Renfu

331

雲安

Yun'an

332

南浦

Nanpu

333

梁山

Liangshan

334

大昌

Dachang

335

巫山

Wushan

336

秭歸

Zigui

337

巴東

Badong

338

新浦

Xinpu

339

盛山

Shengshan

340

臨江

Linjiang

341

武甯

Wuning

342

石城

Shicheng

343

務川蜀郡蜀郡舊置益州，開皇初廢。後周置總管府，開皇二年，置西南道行台省，三年，複置總管府，大業元年府廢。統縣十三，戶十萬五千五百八十六。

Wuchuan. Shu Commandery: Yizhou had formerly been established here; it was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Later Zhou later established a grand protectorate. In the second year of Kaihuang, the Southwest Circuit Executive Office was established; in the third year the grand protectorate was restored, and it was abolished in the first year of Daye. Its jurisdiction comprised thirteen counties with one hundred and five thousand five hundred and eighty-six households.

344

成都舊置蜀郡，又有新都縣。梁置始康郡，西魏廢始康郡。開皇初廢蜀郡，並廢新繁入焉。十八年，改新都曰興樂。大業初置蜀郡，省興樂入焉。舊置懷甯、晉熙、宋興、宋寧四郡，至後周並廢。有武簷山。雙流舊曰廣都，置寧蜀郡，後同郡廢。仁壽元年改縣曰雙流。有女伎山。新津後周置，並置犍為郡。開皇初郡廢。大業初又廢僰道縣入焉。晉原舊曰江原，及置江原郡。後周廢郡，縣改名焉。清城舊置齊基郡，後周廢為清城縣。有鳴鵠山，清城山。九隴舊曰晉壽，梁置東益州。後周州廢，置九隴郡，並改縣曰九隴。仁壽初置濛州。開皇初郡廢，並隴泉、興固，青陽三縣入焉。大業初州廢。有太山、道場山。綿竹舊置晉熙郡及長楊、南武都二縣。後周並二縣為晉熙，後又廢晉熙入陽泉。開皇初郡廢，十八年改為孝水，大業二年改曰綿竹。有冶官。有綿水。有鹿堂山。郫西魏分置溫江縣，開皇初省入。仁壽初複置萬春縣，大業初又廢入焉。有金山、平樂山、天彭門。玄武舊曰伍城，後周置玄武郡。開皇初郡廢，改縣名焉。仁壽初置凱州，大業初廢。有三堆山、郪江。雒舊曰廣漢，又置廣漢郡。開皇初郡廢。十八年，改曰綿竹。大業初改名雒焉。又有西遂甯郡、南陰平郡。後周廢西遂寧，改為懷中，南陰平郡曰南陰平縣，尋並廢。陽安舊曰牛鞞，西魏改名焉，並置武康郡。開皇初郡廢。仁壽初置簡州，大業初州廢。有鹽井。平泉西魏置，曰婆閏。開皇十八年，改名焉金泉西魏置縣及金泉郡。後周廢郡，並廢白牟縣入焉。有昌利山、銅官山、石城山。臨邛郡舊置雅州。

Chengdu formerly had Shu Commandery established there, and also had Xindu County. Liang established Shikang Commandery, and Western Wei abolished Shikang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang, Shu Commandery was abolished, and Xinfan was also abolished into it. In year eighteen, Xindu was changed to Xingle. At the beginning of Daye, Shu Commandery was established and Xingle was abolished into it. It formerly had Huaining, Jinxi, Songxing, and Songning commanderies, all abolished by Later Zhou. It had Wuyan Mountain. Shuangliu was formerly called Guangdu and had Ningshu Commandery established there; later the commandery was also abolished. In Renshou year one the county was changed to Shuangliu. It had Nüji Mountain. Xinjin was established by Later Zhou, which also established Qianwei Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Bodao County was also abolished into it. Jinyuan was formerly called Jiangyuan and had Jiangyuan Commandery established there. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and changed the county's name. Qingcheng formerly had Qiji Commandery established there; Later Zhou abolished it to become Qingcheng County. It had Minghu Mountain and Qingcheng Mountain. Jiulong was formerly called Jinshou; Liang established Eastern Yizhou there. Later Zhou abolished the province, established Jiulong Commandery, and changed the county to Jiulong. At the beginning of Renshou, Mengzhou was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Longquan, Xinggu, and Qingyang counties were merged into it. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Tai Mountain and Daochang Mountain. Mianzhu formerly had Jinxi Commandery and Changyang and Southern Wudu counties established there. Later Zhou merged the two counties as Jinxi, and later abolished Jinxi into Yangquan. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year eighteen it was changed to Xiaoshui, and in Daye year two it was changed to Mianzhu. It had smelting offices, the Mian River, and Lutang Mountain. Pi had Wenjiang County divided off and established by Western Wei; at the beginning of Kaihuang it was abolished into Pi. At the beginning of Renshou, Wanchun County was restored, and at the beginning of Daye it was again abolished into Pi. It had Jin Mountain, Pingle Mountain, and Tianpeng Gate. Xuanwu was formerly called Wucheng; Later Zhou established Xuanwu Commandery there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county's name was changed. At the beginning of Renshou, Kaizhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished. It had Sandui Mountain and the Qi River. Luo was formerly called Guanghan, and Guanghan Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen it was changed to Mianzhu, and at the beginning of Daye its name was changed to Luo. It also had Western Suining Commandery and Southern Yinping Commandery. Later Zhou abolished Western Suining, changing it to Huaizhong, and called Southern Yinping Commandery Southern Yinping County; soon both were abolished. Yang'an was formerly called Niubi; Western Wei changed the name and also established Wukang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Renshou, Jianzhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had salt wells. Pingquan was established by Western Wei as Porun. In Kaihuang year eighteen its name was changed. Jinquan had a county and Jinquan Commandery established by Western Wei. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and also abolished Baimou County into it. It had Changli Mountain, Tongguan Mountain, and Shicheng Mountain. Linqiong Commandery formerly had Yazhou established there.

345

成都

Chengdu

346

雙流

Shuangliu

347

新津

Xinjin

348

晉原

Jinyuan

349

清城

Qingcheng

350

九隴

Jiulong

351

綿竹

Mianzhu

352

郫

Pi

353

玄武

Xuanwu

354

雒

Luo

355

陽安

Yang'an

356

平泉

Pingquan

357

金泉臨邛郡臨邛郡舊置雅州。統縣九，戶二萬三千三百四十八。

Jinquan. Linqiong Commandery: Yazhou had formerly been established here. Its jurisdiction comprised nine counties with twenty-three thousand three hundred and forty-eight households.

358

嚴道西魏置，曰始陽縣，置蒙山郡。開皇初郡廢。十三年，改曰蒙山，尋置雅州。大業置臨邛郡，縣改名焉。有邛來山。名山舊曰蒙山。開皇十三年，改始陽曰蒙山，改蒙山曰名山。盧山仁壽末置。依政西魏置，及置邛州，大業初廢。臨邛舊置臨邛郡，開皇初廢。有火井。蒱江西魏置。曰廣定，及置蒱原郡，開皇初郡廢。仁壽初縣改名焉。蒱溪西魏置。沈黎後周置黎州，尋並縣廢。開皇中置縣。仁壽末置登州，大業初州廢。漢源大業初置。眉山郡西魏曰眉州。

Yandao was established by Western Wei as Shiyang County, and Mengshan Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year thirteen it was changed to Mengshan, and soon Yazhou was established. During Daye, Linqiong Commandery was established and the county's name was changed. It had Qionglai Mountain. Mingshan was formerly called Mengshan. In Kaihuang year thirteen, Shiyang was changed to Mengshan and Mengshan was changed to Mingshan. Lushan was established at the end of Renshou. Yizheng was established by Western Wei, which also established Qiongzhou; at the beginning of Daye it was abolished. Linqiong formerly had Linqiong Commandery established there, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had fire wells. Pujiang was established by Western Wei as Guangding, and Puyuan Commandery was established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Renshou the county's name was changed. Puxi was established by Western Wei. Shenli had Lizhou established by Later Zhou; soon both the province and county were abolished. During Kaihuang, a county was established. At the end of Renshou, Dengzhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Hanyuan was established at the beginning of Daye. Meishan Commandery was called Meizhou by Western Wei.

359

嚴道

Yandao

360

名山

Mingshan

361

盧山

Lushan

362

依政

Yizheng

363

臨邛

Linqiong

364

蒱江

Pujiang

365

蒱溪

Puxi

366

沈黎

Shenli

367

漢源眉山郡眉山郡西魏曰眉州。後周曰青州，後又曰嘉州。大業二年又改曰眉州。統縣八，戶二萬三千七百九十九。

Hanyuan. Meishan Commandery: the Western Wei called it Meizhou. Later Zhou renamed it Qingzhou, then again Jiazhou. In the second year of Daye it was again renamed Meizhou. Its jurisdiction comprised eight counties with twenty-three thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine households.

368

龍遊後周置，曰峨眉，及置平羌郡。開皇初郡廢。九年改縣為青衣。平陳日，龍見水，隨軍而進，十年改名焉。大業初置眉山郡。平羌後周置，仍置平羌郡。開皇初郡廢。夾江開皇三年置。峨眉開皇十三年置。有峨眉山、綏山。通義舊置齊通郡及青州。西魏改州曰眉州。開皇初郡廢，改齊通曰廣通。仁壽元年改為通義。大業初州廢。青神後周置，並置青神郡。開皇初郡廢。丹棱後周置，曰齊樂。開皇中改名焉。洪雅開皇十三年置。隆山郡西魏置陵州。

Longyou was established by Later Zhou as Emei, and Pingqiang Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year nine the county was changed to Qingyi. On the day Chen was pacified, a dragon appeared in the water and advanced with the army; in year ten the name was changed. At the beginning of Daye, Meishan Commandery was established. Pingqiang was established by Later Zhou, and Pingqiang Commandery was still established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Jiajiang was established in Kaihuang year three. Emei was established in Kaihuang year thirteen. It had Emei Mountain and Sui Mountain. Tongyi formerly had Qitong Commandery and Qingzhou established there. Western Wei changed the province to Meizhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and Qitong was changed to Guangtong. In Renshou year one it was changed to Tongyi. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Qingshen was established by Later Zhou, which also established Qingshen Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Danling was established by Later Zhou as Qile; during Kaihuang the name was changed. Hongya was established in Kaihuang year thirteen. Longshan Commandery had Lingzhou established by Western Wei.

369

龍遊

Longyou

370

平羌

Pingqiang

371

夾江

Jiajiang

372

峨眉

Emei

373

通義

Tongyi

374

青神

Qingshen

375

丹棱

Danling

376

洪雅隆山郡隆山郡西魏置陵州。統縣五，戶一萬一千四十二。

Hongya. Longshan Commandery: the Western Wei established Lingzhou here. Its jurisdiction comprised five counties with eleven thousand and forty-two households.

377

仁壽梁置懷仁郡，西魏改縣曰普寧，開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改名焉。又西魏置蒲亭。大業初置隆山郡，蒲亭併入焉。有鹽井。貴平西魏置，又立和仁郡。後周又廢可曇、平井二縣入焉。開皇初郡廢。大業初，又廢籍縣入焉。井研始建開皇十一年置。有鐵山。隆山舊曰犍為，置江州。西魏改縣曰隆山。後周省州，置隆山郡。開皇初郡廢，又並江陽縣入焉。有冶官。有鼎鼻山。資陽郡西魏置資州。

Renshou had Huairen Commandery established by Liang; Western Wei changed the county to Puning. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. Western Wei also established Puting. At the beginning of Daye, Longshan Commandery was established and Puting was merged into it. It had salt wells. Guiping was established by Western Wei, which also established Heren Commandery. Later Zhou also abolished Ketan and Pingjing counties into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Ji County was also abolished into it. Jingyan and Shijian were established in Kaihuang year eleven. It had Iron Mountain. Longshan was formerly called Qianwei and had Jiangzhou established there. Western Wei changed the county to Longshan. Later Zhou abolished the province and established Longshan Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Jiangyang County was also merged into it. It had smelting offices and Dingbi Mountain. Ziyang Commandery had Zizhou established by Western Wei.

378

仁壽

Renshou

379

貴平

Guiping

380

井研

Jingyan

381

隆山資陽郡資陽郡西魏置資州。統縣九，戶二萬五千七百二十二。

Longshan. Ziyang Commandery: the Western Wei established Zizhou here. Its jurisdiction comprised nine counties with twenty-five thousand seven hundred and twenty-two households.

382

磐石後周置縣及資中郡，開皇初郡廢。大業初置資陽郡。內江後周置。威遠開皇初置。大牢開皇十三年置。安嶽後周置，並置普州。大業初州廢。普慈後周置郡曰普慈，縣曰多業。開皇初郡廢。十三年，縣改名焉。安居後周置，曰柔剛，及置安居郡。開皇初郡廢。十三年，縣改名焉。隆康後周置，曰永康。開皇十八年改焉。資陽後周置。瀘川郡梁置滬州。

Panshi had a county and Zizhong Commandery established by Later Zhou; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Ziyang Commandery was established. Neijiang was established by Later Zhou. Weiyuan was established at the beginning of Kaihuang. Dalao was established in Kaihuang year thirteen. Anyue was established by Later Zhou, which also established Puzhou. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Puci had a commandery established by Later Zhou called Puci, while the county was called Duoye. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year thirteen the county's name was changed. Anju was established by Later Zhou as Rougang, and Anju Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year thirteen the county's name was changed. Longkang was established by Later Zhou as Yongkang. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed. Ziyang was established by Later Zhou. Luchuan Commandery had Luzhou established by Liang.

383

磐石

Panshi

384

內江

Neijiang

385

威遠

Weiyuan

386

大牢

Dalao

387

安嶽

Anyue

388

普慈

Puci

389

安居

Anju

390

資陽瀘川郡瀘川郡梁置滬州。仁壽中置總管府，大業初府廢。統縣五，戶一千八百二。

Ziyang. Luchuan Commandery: Liang established Huzhou here. A grand protectorate was established during Renshou; it was abolished at the beginning of Daye. Its jurisdiction comprised five counties with one thousand eight hundred and two households.

391

瀘川舊曰江陽，並置江陽郡。開皇初郡廢。大業初置瀘川郡，縣改名焉。

Luchuan was formerly called Jiangyang, and Jiangyang Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Luchuan Commandery was established, and the county received this name.

392

富世後周置，及置洛源郡。開皇初郡廢。

Fushi was established by Later Zhou, which also established Luoyuan Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished.

393

江安舊曰漢安，開皇十八年改名焉。

Jiang'an was formerly called Han'an; in Kaihuang year eighteen its name was changed.

394

合江後周置。

Hejiang was established by Later Zhou.

395

綿水梁置。有綿溪。犍為郡梁置戎州。統縣四，戶四千八百五十九。

Mianshui was established by Liang. It had Mian Creek. Qianwei Commandery had Rongzhou established by Liang. Its jurisdiction comprised four counties with four thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine households.

396

僰道後周置，曰外江。大業初改曰僰道，置犍為郡。犍為後周置，曰武陽。開皇初改焉。南溪梁置，曰南廣，及置六同郡。開皇初郡廢。仁壽初縣改名焉。開邊開皇六年置，七年廢訓州入焉。大業初廢恭州、協州入焉。越巂郡後周置嚴州。

Bodao was established by Later Zhou as Waijiang. At the beginning of Daye it was changed to Bodao and Qianwei Commandery was established. Qianwei was established by Later Zhou as Wuyang. At the beginning of Kaihuang it was changed. Nanxi was established by Liang as Nanguang, and Liutong Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Renshou the county's name was changed. Kaibian was established in Kaihuang year six; in year seven Xunzhou was abolished into it. At the beginning of Daye, Gongzhou and Xiezhou were abolished into it. Yuexi Commandery had Yanzhou established by Later Zhou.

397

僰道

Bodao

398

犍為

Qianwei

399

南溪

Nanxi

400

仁壽越巂郡越巂郡後周置嚴州。開皇六年改曰西寧州，十八年又改曰巂州。統縣六，戶七千四百四十八。

Renshou. Yuexi Commandery: Later Zhou established Yanzhou here. In the sixth year of Kaihuang it became Xiningzhou; in the eighteenth year it was again renamed Xizhou. Its jurisdiction comprised six counties with seven thousand four hundred and forty-eight households.

401

越巂帶郡。

Yuexi carried the commandery.

402

邛都

Qiongdou

403

蘇祗舊置亮善郡，開皇初郡廢。有孫水。

Suzhi formerly had Liangshan Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had the Sun River.

404

可泉舊宣化郡，開皇初廢。

Kequan was formerly Xuanhua Commandery, abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang.

405

台登舊置白沙郡。開皇初郡廢。

Taideng formerly had Baisha Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished.

406

邛部舊置邛部郡，又有平樂郡。開皇初並廢。有巂山。牂柯郡開皇初，置牂。統縣二。

Qiongbu formerly had Qiongbu Commandery established, and also had Pingle Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang both were abolished. It had Xi Mountain. Zangke Commandery had Zang established at the beginning of Kaihuang. Its jurisdiction comprised two counties.

407

牂柯帶郡。

Zangke carried the commandery.

408

賓化黔安郡後周置黔州，不帶郡。統縣二，戶一千四百六十。

Binhua. Qian'an Commandery had Qianzhou established by Later Zhou and did not carry a commandery. Its jurisdiction comprised two counties with one thousand four hundred and sixty households.

409

鼓水開皇十三年置。有伏牛山。出鹽井。

Gushui was established in Kaihuang year thirteen. It had Funiu Mountain and produced salt from wells.

410

涪川開皇五年置。

Fuchuan was established in Kaihuang year five.

411

梁州于天官上應參之宿。周時梁州，以並雍部。及漢，又析置益州。在《禹貢》，自漢川以下諸郡，皆其封域。漢中之人，質樸無文，不甚趨利。性嗜口腹，多事田漁，雖蓬室柴門，食必兼肉。好祀鬼神，尤多忌諱，家人有死，輒離其故宅。崇重道教，猶有張魯之風焉。每至五月十五日，必以酒食相饋，賓旅聚會，有甚於三元。傍南山雜有獠戶，富室者頗參夏人為婚，衣服居處言語，殆與華不別。西城、房陵、清化、通川、宕渠，地皆連接，風俗頗同。漢陽、臨洮、宕昌、武都、同昌、河池，順政、義城、平武、汶山、皆連雜氐羌。人尤勁悍，性多質直。皆務于農事，工習獵射，于書計非其長矣。蜀郡、臨邛、眉山、隆山、資陽、瀘川、巴東、遂甯、巴西、新城、金山、普安、犍為、越巂、䍧柯、黔安，得蜀之舊域。其地四塞，山川重阻，水陸所湊，貨殖所萃，蓋一都之會也。昔劉備資之，以成三分之業。自金行喪亂，四海沸騰，李氏據之於前，譙氏依之於後。當梁氏將亡，武陵憑險而取敗，後周之末，王謙負固而速禍。故孟門不祀，古人所以誡焉。其風俗大抵與漢中不別。其人敏慧輕急，貌多蕞陋，頗慕文學，時有斐然，多溺于逸樂，少從宦之士，或至耆年白首，不離鄉邑。人多工巧，綾錦雕鏤之妙，殆侔于上國。貧家不務儲蓄，富室專於趨利。其處家室，則女勤作業，而士多自閑，聚會宴飲，尤足意錢之戲。小人薄于情禮，父子率多異居。其邊野富人，多規固山澤，以財物雄役夷、獠，故輕為奸藏，權傾州縣。此亦其舊俗乎？又有獽狿蠻賨，其居處風俗，衣服飲食，頗同於獠，而亦與蜀人相類。

In the celestial offices, Liang Province corresponds above to the lodge of Shen. During the Zhou dynasty, Liang Province was merged with Yong Province. Under the Han dynasty, Yizhou was again separated out. In the Tribute of Yu, all the commanderies from Hanchuan downward fall within its domain. The people of Hanzhong are plain and unadorned, with little inclination toward profit. By nature they love food and drink and are much given to farming and fishing; though they live in thatched huts with brushwood gates, their meals always include meat. They greatly honor sacrifices to spirits and are especially full of taboos; when a family member dies, they leave their old dwelling. They deeply revere the Way of the Dao and still retain the spirit of Zhang Lu. Every year on the fifteenth day of the fifth month they invariably exchange food and drink; travelers gather in assembly, more so than at the Three Primordials festival. Along the southern mountains there are mixed Liao households; the wealthy sometimes intermarry with Chinese, and in dress, dwelling, and speech they differ little from the Chinese. Xicheng, Fangling, Qinghua, Tongchuan, and Dangqu—their lands all connect, and their customs are quite similar. Hanyang, Lintao, Dangchang, Wudu, Tongchang, Hechi, Shunzheng, Yicheng, Pingwu, and Wenshan—all connect with mixed Di and Qiang peoples. Their people are especially fierce and strong, and by nature mostly straightforward. All devote themselves to farming; they are skilled in hunting and archery, but writing and reckoning are not their strength. Shu Commandery, Linqiong, Meishan, Longshan, Ziyang, Luchuan, Badong, Suining, Baxi, Xincheng, Jinshan, Pu'an, Qianwei, Yuexi, Zangke, and Qian'an comprise the old territory of Shu. Its land is enclosed on four sides, mountains and rivers form heavy barriers, water and land routes converge, and goods gather—it is truly the meeting place of a great capital. In former times Liu Bei relied on it to achieve the enterprise of the Three Kingdoms. Since the fall of the Jin metal line, the four seas boiled; the Li clan held it first, and the Qiao clan relied on it afterward. When the Liang house was near its end, the Prince of Wuling relied on its perilous terrain and met defeat; at the end of Later Zhou, Wang Qian relied on its defenses and quickly brought calamity. Thus Meng Gate goes un-sacrificed—the ancients warned of this. Its customs differ little from those of Hanzhong. Its people are quick-witted and impulsive, mostly short in stature, greatly fond of literature, and sometimes achieve brilliance; yet many drown in pleasure, and few follow official careers—even to old age with white hair, they do not leave their native districts. The people are highly skilled in craftsmanship; the fineness of their brocades and carved inlay nearly rivals that of the central domains. Poor families do not bother with savings; wealthy households devote themselves solely to chasing profit. In household affairs, women labor at production while men mostly idle themselves; at gatherings for feasting and drinking, they especially delight in gambling games. Common people are lax in ritual and affection; fathers and sons mostly live apart. Wealthy men on the frontier often seize mountains and marshes by force, using wealth to dominate the Yi and Liao peoples; thus they lightly engage in secret hoarding and their power overawes the provinces and counties. Is this also their old custom? There are also the Xian, Ran, Man, and Cong peoples; their dwellings, customs, clothing, and food are quite similar to the Liao, yet also resemble the people of Shu.

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