Volume 30 Treatises 25: Geography 2

1

豫州河南郡。河南郡舊置洛州。大業元年移都，改曰豫州。東面三門，北曰上春，中曰建陽，南曰永通。南面二門，東曰長夏，正南曰建國。裡一百三，市三。三年改為郡，置尹。統縣十八，戶二十萬二千二百三十。

Yu Province, Henan Commandery. Henan Commandery formerly had Luozhou established there. In Daye year one, when the capital was moved, it was renamed Yu Province. On the east face were three gates: the north called Shangchun, the middle Jianyang, and the south Yongtong. On the south face were two gates: the east called Changxia, and due south Jianguo. There were one hundred and three wards and three markets. In the third year it was changed to a commandery and a Prefect was appointed. It governed 18 counties with 202,230 households.

2

河南帶郡。有關官。有郟山。有瀍水。洛陽有漢已來舊都。後魏置司州，東魏改曰洛州。後周置東京六府、洛州總管。開皇元年改六府，置東京尚書省。其年廢東京尚書省。二年廢總管，置河南道行台省。三年廢行台，以洛州刺史領總監。十四年于金墉城別置總監。煬帝即位，廢省。置河南縣，東魏遷鄴，改為宜遷縣。後周複曰河南。大業元年徙入新都。又東魏置洛陽郡、河陰縣。開皇初郡並廢，又析置伊川縣。大業初河陰、伊川二縣併入焉。閿鄉舊曰湖城，開皇十六年改焉。有王澗、全鳩澗、秦山。桃林開皇十六年置。有上陽宮。有淄水。陝後魏置，及置陝州、恆農郡。後周又置崤郡。開皇初郡並廢。大業初州廢，置弘農宮。有常平倉、溫湯。有砥柱。熊耳後周置，有同軌郡。開皇初郡廢。又有後魏崤縣，大業初廢入。有二崤。有天柱山、大頭山、硤石山、谷水。澠池後周置河南郡，大象中廢。新安後周置中州及東垣縣，州尋廢。開皇十六年置穀州，仁壽四年州廢，又廢新安入東垣。大業初改名新安。有冶官。有騩山、強山、缺門山、孝水、澗水、金谷水。偃師舊廢，開皇十六年置。有關官。有河陽倉。有都尉府。有首陽山、酈山、乾脯山。鞏後齊廢，開皇十六年複。有興洛倉。有九山，有天陵山、緱山、東首陽山。宜陽後魏置宜陽郡，東魏置陽州，後周改曰熊州。又複後魏置南澠池縣。後周改曰昌洛。開皇初郡廢。十八年改昌洛曰洛水。大業初廢熊州，省洛水入宜陽。又東魏置金門郡，後周廢。有福昌宮、金門山、女幾山、太陰山、嶕嶢山。壽安後魏置縣曰甘棠，仁壽四年改焉。有顯仁宮。有慈澗。陸渾東魏置伊川郡，領南陸渾縣。開皇初廢郡，改縣曰伏流。大業初改曰陸渾。又有東魏北荊州，後周改曰和州。開皇初又改曰伊州。大業初州廢。又有東魏東亭縣，尋廢。有方山、三塗山、孤山、陽山、王母澗。伊闕舊曰新城，東魏置新城郡。開皇初郡廢。十八年縣改名焉。有伊闕山。興泰大業初置。有鹿歸山、石墨山、鐘山。緱氏舊廢，東魏置。開皇十六年廢，大業初又置。有緱氏山、轘轅山、景山。崇陽後魏置，曰潁陽。東魏分置堙陽，後周廢潁陽入。開皇六年改曰武林。十八年改曰輪氏，大業元年改曰嵩陽。又有東魏中川郡，後周廢。有嵩高山、少室山、潁水。陽城後魏置陽城郡，開皇初廢。十六年置嵩州，仁壽四年廢。又後魏置康城縣，仁壽四年廢入焉。有箕山、偃月山、荊山、禹山、崤山。滎陽郡舊鄭州。

Henan carried a commandery. There were barrier offices. It had Jia Mountain and the Chan River. Luoyang had been an old capital since Han. Later Wei established Sizhou; Eastern Wei changed it to Luozhou. Later Zhou established the six offices of the Eastern Capital and the area commandant of Luozhou. In Kaihuang year one, the six offices were changed and the Department of State Affairs of the Eastern Capital was established. That year the Department of State Affairs of the Eastern Capital was abolished. In year two the area commandant was abolished and the Henan Circuit Branch Secretariat was established. In year three the branch secretariat was abolished, and the inspector of Luozhou was made to supervise the chief inspector. In year fourteen a separate chief inspector was established at Jinyong City. When Emperor Yang ascended the throne, the office was abolished. Henan County was established; when Eastern Wei moved to Ye, it was changed to Yiqian County. Later Zhou again called it Henan. In Daye year one it was moved into the new capital. Eastern Wei also established Luoyang Commandery and Heyin County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were all abolished, and Yichuan County was separately established. At the beginning of Daye, Heyin and Yichuan counties were merged into it. Wenxiang was formerly called Hucheng and was changed in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Wang Ravine, Quanjiu Ravine, and Qin Mountain. Taolin was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Shangyang Palace and the Zi River. Shan was established by Later Wei, together with Shanzhou and Hengnong Commandery. Later Zhou also established Xiao Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were all abolished. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished and Hongnong Palace was established. It had a constant-level granary, warm springs, and Dizhu. Xiong'er was established by Later Zhou and had Tonggui Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It also had Later Wei's Xiao County, which at the beginning of Daye was abolished into it. It had the two Xiao passes, Tianzhu Mountain, Datou Mountain, Xiashi Mountain, and the Gu River. Mianchi had Henan Commandery established by Later Zhou, which was abolished during Daxiang. Xin'an had Zhongzhou and Dongyuan County established by Later Zhou; the province was soon abolished. In Kaihuang year sixteen Guzhou was established; in Renshou year four the province was abolished, and Xin'an was also abolished into Dongyuan. At the beginning of Daye the name was changed to Xin'an. It had smelting offices, Wei Mountain, Qiang Mountain, Quemen Mountain, the Xiao River, the Jian River, and Jingu River. Yanshi had long been abolished and was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had barrier offices, Heyang Granary, a commandant's office, Shouyang Mountain, Li Mountain, and Ganfu Mountain. Gong was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Xingluo Granary. It had Nine Mountains, Tianling Mountain, Gou Mountain, and Eastern Shouyang Mountain. Yiyang had Yiyang Commandery established by Later Wei; Eastern Wei established Yangzhou; Later Zhou changed it to Xiongzhou. Later Wei's Nanmianchi County was also restored. Later Zhou changed it to Changluo. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen Changluo was changed to Luoshui. At the beginning of Daye, Xiongzhou was abolished and Luoshui was merged into Yiyang. Eastern Wei also established Jinmen Commandery, which Later Zhou abolished. It had Fuchang Palace, Jinmen Mountain, Nuji Mountain, Taiyin Mountain, and Jiaoyao Mountain. Shou'an was established by Later Wei as Gantang County; in Renshou year four it was changed. It had Xianren Palace and Ci Ravine. Luhun had Yichuan Commandery established by Eastern Wei, governing Nanluhun County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Fuliu. At the beginning of Daye it was changed to Luhun. It also had Northern Jingzhou, established by Eastern Wei; Later Zhou changed it to Hezhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang it was again changed to Yizhou. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It also had Dongting County, established by Eastern Wei and soon abolished. It had Fang Mountain, Santu Mountain, Gu Mountain, Yang Mountain, and Wangmu Ravine. Yique was formerly called Xincheng; Eastern Wei established Xincheng Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen the county's name was changed. It had Yique Mountain. Xingtai was established at the beginning of Daye. It had Lugui Mountain, Shimo Mountain, and Zhong Mountain. Goushi had long been abolished and was established by Eastern Wei. In Kaihuang year sixteen it was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was established again. It had Goushi Mountain, Huanyuan Mountain, and Jing Mountain. Chongyang was established by Later Wei and called Yingyang. Eastern Wei separately established Yinyang, and Later Zhou abolished Yingyang into it. In Kaihuang year six it was changed to Wulin; in year eighteen it was changed to Lunshi; in Daye year one it was changed to Songyang. It also had Zhongchuan Commandery of Eastern Wei, which Later Zhou abolished. It had Songgao Mountain, Shaoshi Mountain, and the Ying River. Yangcheng had Yangcheng Commandery established by Later Wei, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. In year sixteen Songzhou was established; in Renshou year four it was abolished. Later Wei had also established Kangcheng County, which in Renshou year four was abolished into it. It had Ji Mountain, Yanyue Mountain, Jing Mountain, Yu Mountain, and Xiao Mountain. Xingyang Commandery was formerly Zhengzhou.

3

河南

Henan

4

洛陽

Luoyang

5

閿鄉

Wenxiang

6

桃林

Taolin

7

熊耳

Xiong'er

8

澠池

Mianchi

9

新安

Xin'an

10

偃師

Yanshi

11

鞏

Gong

12

宜陽

Yiyang

13

壽安

Shou'an

14

陸渾

Luhun

15

伊闕

Yique

16

興泰

Xingtai

17

緱氏

Goushi

18

崇陽

Chongyang

19

陽城滎陽郡滎陽郡舊鄭州。開皇十六年置管州。大業初複曰鄭州。統縣十一，戶十六萬九百六十四。

Yangcheng. Xingyang Commandery: Xingyang Commandery was formerly Zhengzhou. In the sixteenth year of Kaihuang, Guanzhou was established. At the beginning of Daye it was again called Zhengzhou. It governed 11 counties with 160,964 households.

20

管城舊曰中牟，東魏置廣武郡。開皇初郡廢，改中牟曰內牟。十六年析置管城。十八年改內牟曰圃田入焉。後魏置曲梁縣，後齊廢，有鄭水。汜水舊曰成皋，即武牢也。後魏置東中府，東魏置北豫州，後周置滎州。開皇初曰鄭州，十八年改成皋曰汜水。大業初置武牢都尉府。有周山、天陵山。滎澤開皇四年置，曰廣武。仁壽元年改名焉。原武開皇十六年置。陽武圃田開皇十六年置，曰郟城。大業初改焉。浚儀東魏置梁州、陳留郡，後齊廢開封郡入，後周改曰汴州。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢。有關官。有通濟渠、蔡水。酸棗後齊廢，開皇六年複。有關官。新鄭後魏廢，開皇十六年複，大業初並宛陵縣入焉。有關官。有大騩山。滎陽舊置滎陽郡。後齊省卷、京二縣入，改曰成皋郡。開皇初郡廢。有京索水、梧桐澗。開封東魏置郡，後齊廢。梁郡開皇十六年置宋州。

Guancheng was formerly called Zhongmou. Eastern Wei established Guangwu Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and Zhongmou was changed to Neimou. In year sixteen Guancheng was separately established. In year eighteen Neimou was changed to Putian and merged into it. Later Wei established Quliang County, which Later Qi abolished. It had the Zheng River. Sishui was formerly called Chenggao, which was Wulao. Later Wei established the Eastern Central Office; Eastern Wei established Northern Yuzhou; Later Zhou established Xingzhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang it was called Zhengzhou. In year eighteen Chenggao was changed to Sishui. At the beginning of Daye, the Wulao commandant's office was established. It had Zhou Mountain and Tianling Mountain. Xingze was established in Kaihuang year four and called Guangwu. In Renshou year one its name was changed. Yuanwu was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Yangwu and Putian were established in Kaihuang year sixteen; Putian was called Jiacheng, and at the beginning of Daye its name was changed. Junyi had Liangzhou and Chenliu Commandery established by Eastern Wei; Later Qi abolished Kaifeng Commandery into it; Later Zhou changed it to Bianzhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had barrier offices, the Tongji Canal, and the Cai River. Suanzao was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year six. It had barrier offices. Xinzheng was abolished by Later Wei and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen; at the beginning of Daye Wanling County was merged into it. It had barrier offices and Dawei Mountain. Xingyang formerly had Xingyang Commandery. Later Qi abolished Juan and Jing counties into it and changed it to Chenggao Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Jingsuo River and Wutong Ravine. Kaifeng had a commandery established by Eastern Wei, which Later Qi abolished. Liang Commandery had Songzhou established in Kaihuang year sixteen.

21

管城

Guancheng

22

汜水

Sishui

23

滎澤

Xingze

24

原武

Yuanwu

25

陽武

Yangwu

26

圃田

Putian

27

浚儀

Junyi

28

酸棗

Suanzao

29

新鄭

Xinzheng

30

滎陽

Xingyang

31

開封梁郡梁郡開皇十六年置宋州。統縣十三，戶十五萬五千四百七十七。

Kaifeng. Liang Commandery: Liang Commandery—in the sixteenth year of Kaihuang, Songzhou was established. It governed 13 counties with 155,477 households.

32

宋城舊曰睢陽，置梁郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改名焉。大業初又置郡。又梁置北新安郡，尋廢。雍丘後魏置陽夏郡。開皇初郡廢，十六年置杞州。大業初州廢。襄邑後齊廢，開皇十六年複。甯陵後齊廢，開皇六年複。虞城後魏曰蕭，後齊廢。開皇十六年置，改名焉。又後魏置沛郡，後齊廢。谷熟後魏廢，開皇十六年複。陳留後魏廢，開皇六年複。十六年析置新裡縣，大業初廢入焉。又有小黃縣，後齊廢入。有睢水、渙水。下邑後齊廢巳吾縣入焉。考城後魏曰考陽，置北梁郡。後齊郡縣並廢，為城安縣。開皇十八年以重名，改曰考城。楚丘後魏曰巳氏，置北譙郡。後齊郡縣並廢。開皇四年又置巳氏，六年改曰楚丘。碭山后魏置，曰安陽。開皇十八年改名焉。有碭山、魚山。圉城舊曰圉，後齊廢，開皇六年複置，曰圉城。有谷水。柘城舊曰柘，久廢。開皇十六年置，曰柘城。譙郡後魏置南充州。

Songcheng was formerly called Suiyang, where Liang Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county name was changed. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was again established. Liang also established Northern Xin'an Commandery, which was soon abolished. Yongqiu had Yangxia Commandery established by Later Wei. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year sixteen Qizhou was established. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Xiangyi was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. Ningling was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year six. Yucheng was called Xiao under Later Wei and was abolished by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year sixteen it was established and its name was changed. Later Wei had also established Pei Commandery, which Later Qi abolished. Gushu was abolished by Later Wei and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. Chenliu was abolished by Later Wei and restored in Kaihuang year six. In year sixteen Xinli County was separately established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Chenliu. It also had Xiaohuang County, which Later Qi abolished into it. It had the Sui River and Huan River. Xiayi had Siwu County abolished into it by Later Qi. Kaocheng was called Kaoyang under Later Wei, and Northern Liang Commandery was established there. Later Qi abolished both the commandery and county and made it Cheng'an County. In Kaihuang year eighteen, because the name was duplicated, it was changed to Kaocheng. Chuqiu was called Sishi under Later Wei, and Northern Qiao Commandery was established there. Later Qi abolished both commandery and county. In Kaihuang year four Sishi was again established, and in year six it was changed to Chuqiu. Dangshan was established by Later Wei and called Anyang. In Kaihuang year eighteen its name was changed. It had Dang Mountain and Yu Mountain. Yucheng was formerly called Yu; Later Qi abolished it, and in Kaihuang year six it was restored as Yucheng. It had the Gu River. Zhecheng was formerly called Zhe and had long been abolished. In Kaihuang year sixteen it was established as Zhecheng. Qiao Commandery had Southern Chongzhou established by Later Wei.

33

宋城

Songcheng

34

雍丘

Yongqiu

35

襄邑

Xiangyi

36

甯陵

Ningling

37

虞城

Yucheng

38

谷熟

Gushu

39

陳留

Chenliu

40

下邑

Xiayi

41

考城

Kaocheng

42

楚丘

Chuqiu

43

碭山

Dangshan

44

圉城

Yucheng

45

柘城譙郡譙郡後魏置南充州。後周置總管府，後改曰亳州。開皇元年府廢。統縣六，戶七萬四千八百一十七。

Zhecheng. Qiao Commandery: Qiao Commandery—in Later Wei, Southern Yanzhou was established. Later Zhou established a grand administrative office; afterward it was renamed Bozhou. In the first year of Kaihuang the office was abolished. It governed 6 counties with 74,817 households.

46

譙舊曰小黃，置陳留郡。開皇初郡廢，十六年分置梅城縣。大業三年，改小黃為譙縣，並梅城入焉。酂舊廢，開皇十六年複。舊有馬頭郡，後魏又置下邑縣，後齊並廢。城父宋置，曰浚儀。開皇十八年改焉。谷陽後齊省，開皇六年複。山桑後魏置渦州、渦陽縣，又置譙郡。梁改渦州曰西徐州。東魏改曰譙州。開皇初郡廢，十六年改渦陽為肥水。大業初州廢，改縣曰山桑。又梁置北新安郡，東魏改置蒙郡。後齊廢郡，置蒙縣，後又置郡。開皇初郡廢。又梁置陽夏郡，東魏廢。臨渙後魏置臨渙郡，又別置丹城縣。東魏析置白椫縣，後齊郡廢。開皇元年丹城省，大業初白椫又省，併入焉。有嵇山、龍岡。濟陰郡後魏置西兗州，後周改曰曹州。

Qiao was formerly called Xiaohuang, where Chenliu Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year sixteen Meicheng County was separately established. In Daye year three Xiaohuang was changed to Qiao County, and Meicheng was merged into it. Zan had long been abolished and was restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. It formerly had Matou Commandery; Later Wei also established Xiayi County; Later Qi abolished both. Chengfu was established by Song and called Junyi. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed. Guyang was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year six. Shansang had Guozhou and Guoyang County established by Later Wei, and Qiao Commandery was also established there. Liang changed Guozhou to Western Xuzhou. Eastern Wei changed it to Qiaozhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year sixteen Guoyang was changed to Feishui. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished and the county was changed to Shansang. Liang also established Northern Xin'an Commandery; Eastern Wei changed it to Meng Commandery. Later Qi abolished the commandery and established Meng County, and later again established the commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Liang also established Yangxia Commandery, which Eastern Wei abolished. Linhuan had Linhuan Commandery established by Later Wei, and Dancheng County was separately established. Eastern Wei divided off and established Baishan County; Later Qi abolished the commandery. In Kaihuang year one Dancheng was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Baishan was also abolished and merged into it. It had Ji Mountain and Long Ridge. Jiyin Commandery had Western Yanzhou established by Later Wei; Later Zhou changed it to Caozhou.

47

譙

Qiao

48

酂

Zan

49

城父

Chengfu

50

谷陽

Guyang

51

山桑

Shansang

52

臨渙濟陰郡濟陰郡後魏置西兗州，後周改曰曹州。統縣九，戶十四萬九百四十八。

Linhuan. Jiyin Commandery: Jiyin Commandery—in Later Wei, Western Yanzhou was established; Later Zhou renamed it Caozhou. It governed 9 counties with 140,948 households.

53

濟陰後魏置沛郡，後齊廢。又開皇六年分置黃縣，十八年改為蒙澤，大業初廢入焉。外黃後齊廢成安縣入。又開皇十八年置首城縣，大業初廢入焉。濟陽成武后齊置永昌郡。開皇初郡廢，十六年置戴州。大業初州廢。冤句乘氏定陶單父後魏曰離狐，置北濟陰郡。後齊郡縣並廢。開皇六年更置，名單父。金鄉開皇十六年分置昌邑縣，大業初併入。襄城郡東魏置北荊州，後周改曰和州。

Jiyin had Pei Commandery established by Later Wei, which Later Qi abolished. In Kaihuang year six Huang County was separately established; in year eighteen it was changed to Mengze, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Jiyin. Waihuang had Cheng'an County abolished into it by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year eighteen Shoucheng County was also established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Waihuang. Jiyang and Chengwu had Yongchang Commandery established by Later Qi. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year sixteen Daizhou was established. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Yuanju, Chengshi, Dingtao, and Shanfu: Shanfu was called Lihu under Later Wei, and Northern Jiyin Commandery was established there. Later Qi abolished both commandery and county. In Kaihuang year six it was established again and named Shanfu. Jinxiang had Changyi County separately established in Kaihuang year sixteen; at the beginning of Daye it was merged into Jinxiang. Xiangcheng Commandery had Northern Jingzhou established by Eastern Wei; Later Zhou changed it to Hezhou.

54

濟陰

Jiyin

55

外黃

Waihuang

56

濟陽

Jiyang

57

成武

Chengwu

58

冤句

Yuanqu

59

乘氏

Chengshi

60

定陶

Dingtao

61

單父

Danfu

62

金鄉襄城郡襄城郡東魏置北荊州，後周改曰和州。開皇初改為伊州，大業初改曰汝州。統縣八，戶十萬五千九百一十七。

Jinxiang. Xiangcheng Commandery: Xiangcheng Commandery—in Eastern Wei, Northern Jingzhou was established; Later Zhou renamed it Hezhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang it was changed to Yizhou; at the beginning of Daye it was renamed Ruzhou. It governed 8 counties with 105,917 households.

63

承休舊曰汝原，置汝北郡，後改曰汝陰郡。後周郡廢。大業初改縣曰承休，置襄城郡。有黃水。梁舊置汝北郡，後齊廢。有濫泉。郟城舊曰龍山。東魏置順陽郡及南陽郡、南陽縣。開皇初改龍山曰汝南，三年二郡並廢。十八年改汝南曰輔城，南陽曰期城。大業初改輔城曰郟城，廢期城入焉。有關官，有大留山。陽翟東魏置陽翟郡，開皇初郡廢。有釣台。有九山祠。汝源汝南有後魏汝南郡及符壘縣，並後齊廢。魯後魏置荊州，尋廢，立魯陽郡，後置魯州。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢。有關官。有和山、大義山。犨城舊曰雉陽。開皇十八年改曰湛水，大業初改名焉。又有後周置武山郡，開皇初廢。後魏置南陽縣、河山縣，大業初並廢入焉。有應山。潁川郡舊置潁州，東魏改曰鄭州，後周改曰許州。

Chengxiu was formerly called Ruyuan; Rubei Commandery was established there and later changed to Ruyin Commandery. Later Zhou abolished the commandery. At the beginning of Daye the county was changed to Chengxiu, and Xiangcheng Commandery was established. It had the Huang River. Liang formerly had Rubei Commandery, which Later Qi abolished. It had Lan Spring. Jiacheng was formerly called Longshan. Eastern Wei established Shunyang Commandery, Nanyang Commandery, and Nanyang County. At the beginning of Kaihuang, Longshan was changed to Runan; in year three both commanderies were abolished. In year eighteen Runan was changed to Fucheng and Nanyang to Qicheng. At the beginning of Daye Fucheng was changed to Jiacheng, and Qicheng was abolished into it. It had barrier offices and Daliu Mountain. Yangdi had Yangdi Commandery established by Eastern Wei, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had Diaotai and the Shrine of Nine Mountains. Ruyuan and Runan had Later Wei's Runan Commandery and Fulei County, both abolished by Later Qi. Lu had Jingzhou established by Later Wei; it was soon abolished, and Luyang Commandery was set up, after which Luzhou was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had barrier offices. It had He Mountain and Dayi Mountain. Choucheng was formerly called Zhiyang. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed to Zhanshui, and at the beginning of Daye its name was changed. It also had Wushan Commandery established by Later Zhou, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Later Wei established Nanyang County and Heshan County, and at the beginning of Daye both were abolished into it. It had Ying Mountain. Yingchuan Commandery formerly had Yingzhou established there; Eastern Wei changed it to Zhengzhou, and Later Zhou changed it to Xuzhou.

64

承休

Chengxiu

65

梁

Liang

66

郟城

Jiacheng

67

陽翟

Yangdi

68

汝源

Ruyuan

69

汝南

Runan

70

魯

Lu

71

犨城潁川郡潁川郡舊置潁州，東魏改曰鄭州，後周改曰許州。統縣十四，戶十九萬五千六百四十。

Biaocheng. Yingchuan Commandery: Yingchuan Commandery formerly had Yingzhou established; Eastern Wei renamed it Zhengzhou; Later Zhou renamed it Xuzhou. It governed 14 counties with 195,640 households.

72

潁川舊曰長社，置穎川郡，後齊廢潁陰縣入，開皇初廢郡改縣焉。又東魏置黃台縣，大業初廢入焉，置郡。襄城舊置襄城郡，後周置汝州。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢。有溵水。汝墳後齊置漢廣郡，尋廢，有首山。葉後齊置襄州。後周廢襄州，置南襄城郡。開皇初郡廢。又東魏置定南郡，後周廢為定南縣。大業初省入。北舞舊置定陵郡，開皇初廢。有百尺溝。郾城開皇初置，十六年置道州，大業初州廢。又後魏置潁川郡，後齊改為臨潁郡，開皇初郡廢。又有邵陵縣，大業初廢。有溵水。繁昌臨潁尉氏後齊廢，開皇六年複。長葛開皇六年置。許昌㶏強開皇十六年置，曰陶城，大業初改焉。扶溝鄢陵東魏置許昌郡，後齊廢縣。開皇初郡廢，七年複鄢陵縣。十六年置洧州，大業初州廢。又開皇十六年置蔡陂縣，至是省入焉。汝南郡後魏置豫州，東魏置行台。

Yingchuan was formerly called Changshe, where Yingchuan Commandery was established. Later Qi abolished Yingyin County into it; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and changed to a county. Eastern Wei also established Huangtai County, which at the beginning of Daye was abolished into it, and the commandery was established. Xiangcheng formerly had Xiangcheng Commandery; Later Zhou established Ruzhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had the Yin River. Rufen had Hanguang Commandery established by Later Qi, which was soon abolished. It had Shou Mountain. Ye had Xiangzhou established by Later Qi. Later Zhou abolished Xiangzhou and established Southern Xiangcheng Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Eastern Wei also established Dingnan Commandery; Later Zhou abolished it and made it Dingnan County. At the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Ye. Beiwu formerly had Dingling Commandery, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had Baichi Ditch. Yancheng was established at the beginning of Kaihuang; in year sixteen Daozhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Later Wei also established Yingchuan Commandery; Later Qi changed it to Linying Commandery, and at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It also had Shaoling County, which was abolished at the beginning of Daye. It had the Yin River. Fanchang, Linying, and Weishi were abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year six. Changge was established in Kaihuang year six. Xuchang and Zhuoqiang were established in Kaihuang year sixteen; Zhuoqiang was called Taocheng, and at the beginning of Daye its name was changed. Fugou and Yanling: Eastern Wei established Xuchang Commandery, and Later Qi abolished the county. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year seven Yanling County was restored. In year sixteen Weizhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Also in Kaihuang year sixteen Caipi County was established, and by this time it was abolished into Yanling. Runan Commandery had Yuzhou established by Later Wei, and Eastern Wei established a branch secretariat there.

73

潁川

Yingchuan

74

襄城

Xiangcheng

75

汝墳

Rufen

76

葉

Ye

77

北舞

Beiwu

78

郾城

Yancheng

79

繁昌

Fanchang

80

臨潁

Linying

81

尉氏

Weishi

82

長葛

Changge

83

許昌

Xuchang

84

㶏強

Yinqiang

85

扶溝

Fugou

86

鄢陵汝南郡汝南郡後魏置豫州，東魏置行台。後周置總管府，後改曰舒州，尋複曰豫州，及改洛州為豫州，此為溱州，又改曰蔡州。統縣十一，戶十五萬二千七百八十五。

Yanling. Runan Commandery: Runan Commandery—in Later Wei, Yuzhou was established; Eastern Wei established a field headquarters. Later Zhou established a grand administrative office, afterward renamed Shuzhou; soon it was again called Yuzhou; when Luozhou was changed to Yuzhou, this became Qinzhou, and was again renamed Caizhou. It governed 11 counties with 152,785 households.

87

汝陽舊曰上蔡，置汝南郡。開皇初郡廢。大業初置郡，改縣曰汝陽，並廢保城縣入焉。有鴻郤陂。城陽舊廢，梁置，又有義興縣。後魏置城陽郡，梁置楚州，東魏置西楚州，後齊曰永州。開皇九年，廢入純州。十八年改義興為純義。大業初州縣並廢入焉。又梁置伍城郡，後齊廢。有十丈山、大木山。真陽舊置郢州。東魏廢州，置義陽郡。後齊廢郡入保城縣。開皇十一年廢縣。十六年置縣，曰真丘。大業初改曰真陽。又有白狗縣，梁置淮州。後齊廢州，以置齊興郡，郡尋廢。開皇初，改縣曰淮川，至是亦省入焉。又有後魏安陽縣，後廢。有汶水。新息後魏置東豫州。梁改曰西豫州。又改曰淮州。東魏複曰東豫州，後周改曰息州，大業初州廢。又後魏置汝南郡，開皇初郡廢。又梁置滇州，尋廢。又梁置北光城郡，東魏廢，又有北新息縣，後齊廢。褒信宋改曰包信。大業初改復舊焉。又梁置梁安郡，開皇初廢。又有長陵郡，後齊廢為縣。大業初又省縣焉。上蔡後魏置，曰臨汝。後齊廢。開皇中置，曰武津。大業初改名焉。平輿舊廢，大業初改新蔡置焉。有葛陂。新蔡齊置北新蔡郡，魏曰新蔡郡，東魏置蔡州。後齊廢州置廣寧郡。開皇初郡廢。十六年置舒州及舒縣、廣寧縣。仁壽元年改廣寧曰汝北。大業初州廢，改汝北曰新蔡。又後齊置永康縣，後改名曰澺水，至是及舒縣並廢入焉。朗山舊曰安昌，置初安郡。廢，十八年縣改名焉。又梁置除州，後魏廢，又齊置荊州，尋廢。後周又置威州，後又廢。吳房故曰遂甯，後齊省綏義縣入焉。大業初改曰吳房。西平後魏置襄城郡，後齊改郡曰文城，開皇初郡廢。又有故武陽縣，十八年改曰吳房，大業初省。又有故洧州、灊州，並後齊置，開皇初皆廢。淮陽郡開皇十六年置陳州。

Ruyang was formerly called Shangcai, where Runan Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was established, the county was changed to Ruyang, and Baocheng County was abolished into it. It had Hongxi Dyke. Chengyang had long been abolished; Liang established it, and it also had Yixing County. Later Wei established Chengyang Commandery; Liang established Chuzhou; Eastern Wei established Western Chuzhou; Later Qi called it Yongzhou. In Kaihuang year nine it was abolished into Chunzhou. In year eighteen Yixing was changed to Chunyi. At the beginning of Daye both province and county were abolished into Ruyang. Liang also established Wucheng Commandery, which Later Qi abolished. It had Shizhang Mountain and Damu Mountain. Zhenyang formerly had Yingzhou established. Eastern Wei abolished the province and established Yiyang Commandery. Later Qi abolished the commandery into Baocheng County. In Kaihuang year eleven the county was abolished. In year sixteen the county was established and called Zhenqiu. At the beginning of Daye it was changed to Zhenyang. It also had Baigou County; Liang established Huaizhou there. Later Qi abolished the province and used it to establish Qixing Commandery, which was soon abolished. At the beginning of Kaihuang the county was changed to Huaichuan, and by this time it too was abolished into Zhenyang. It also had Anyang County of Later Wei, later abolished. It had the Wen River. Xinxí had Eastern Yuzhou established by Later Wei. Liang changed it to Western Yuzhou and again changed it to Huaizhou. Eastern Wei restored the name Eastern Yuzhou; Later Zhou changed it to Xizhou; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Later Wei also established Runan Commandery, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Liang also established Dianzhou, soon abolished. Liang also established Northern Guangcheng Commandery, which Eastern Wei abolished; it also had Northern Xinxí County, which Later Qi abolished. Baoxin was changed by Song to Baoxin with the alternate spelling, and at the beginning of Daye it was restored to the old name. Liang also established Liang'an Commandery, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It also had Changling Commandery, which Later Qi abolished and made a county. At the beginning of Daye that county too was abolished. Shangcai was established by Later Wei and called Linru. Later Qi abolished it. During Kaihuang it was established and called Wujin. At the beginning of Daye its name was changed. Pingyu had long been abolished; at the beginning of Daye Xincai was changed and established there. It had Ge Dyke. Xincai had Northern Xincai Commandery established by Qi; Wei called it Xincai Commandery; Eastern Wei established Caizhou. Later Qi abolished the province and established Guangning Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year sixteen Shuzhou, Shu County, and Guangning County were established. In Renshou year one Guangning was changed to Rubei. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Rubei was changed to Xincai. Later Qi also established Yongkang County, later renamed Yishui; by this time it and Shu County were both abolished into Xincai. Langshan was formerly called Anchang, where Chu'an Commandery was established. It was abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. Liang also established Chuzhou, which Later Wei abolished; Qi also established Jingzhou, soon abolished. Later Zhou again established Weizhou, which was later also abolished. Wufang was formerly called Suining; Later Qi abolished Suiyi County into it. At the beginning of Daye it was changed to Wufang. Xiping had Xiangcheng Commandery established by Later Wei; Later Qi changed the commandery to Wencheng, and at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It also had former Wuyang County, which in year eighteen was changed to Wufang and at the beginning of Daye was abolished. It also had the former Weizhou and Qianzhou, both established by Later Qi and both abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Huaiyang Commandery had Chenzhou established in Kaihuang year sixteen.

88

汝陽

Ruyang

89

城陽

Chengyang

90

真陽

Zhenyang

91

新息

Xinxi

92

褒信

Baoxin

93

上蔡

Shangcai

94

平輿

Pingyu

95

新蔡

Xincai

96

朗山

Langshan

97

吳房

Wufang

98

西平淮陽郡淮陽郡開皇十六年置陳州。統縣十，戶十二萬七千一百四。

Xiping. Huaiyang Commandery. Huaiyang Commandery. in the sixteenth year of Kaihuang, Chenzhou was established. The commandery governed 10 counties with a registered population of 127,104 households.

99

宛丘後魏曰項，置陳郡。開皇初縣改名宛丘，尋廢郡，後析置臨蔡縣。大業初置淮陽郡，並臨蔡縣入焉。又後魏置南陽郡，東魏廢。西華舊曰長平，開皇十八年改曰鴻溝。大業初改焉。有舊長平縣，後齊廢。溵水開皇十六年置，又有後魏汝陽郡及縣，後齊郡廢，大業初縣廢。撫樂開皇十六年置。有渦水。太康舊曰陽夏，並置淮陽郡。開皇初郡廢，七年更名太康。有窪水。鹿邑舊曰武平，開皇十八年改名焉。項城東魏置揚州及丹陽郡、秣陵縣，梁改曰殷州，東魏又改曰北揚州，後齊改曰信州，後周改曰陳州。開皇初改秣陵為項縣。十六年分置沈州，大業初州廢，又有項城郡，開皇初分立陳郡，三年並廢。南頓舊置南頓郡。後齊廢郡及平鄉縣入，改曰和城。大業初又改為南頓。鄲開皇六年置。鮦陽後齊廢，開皇十一年複。又東魏置財州，後齊廢，以置包信縣。開皇初廢。汝陰郡舊置潁州。

Wanqiu was called Xiang under Later Wei, and Chen Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the county was renamed Wanqiu, and soon the commandery was abolished; afterward Lincai County was divided off and established. At the beginning of Daye, Huaiyang Commandery was established and Lincai County was merged into it. Later Wei also established Nanyang Commandery, which Eastern Wei abolished. Xihua was formerly called Changping. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed to Honggou, and at the beginning of Daye it was changed again. It had the former Changping County, which Later Qi abolished. Yinshui was established in Kaihuang year sixteen; it also had Later Wei's Ruyang Commandery and county. Later Qi abolished the commandery, and at the beginning of Daye the county was abolished. Fule was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had the Guo River. Taikang was formerly called Yangxia, where Huaiyang Commandery was also established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year seven the name was changed to Taikang. It had Wa River. Luyi was formerly called Wuping; in Kaihuang year eighteen its name was changed. Xiangcheng had Yangzhou, Danyang Commandery, and Moling County established by Eastern Wei. Liang changed it to Yinzhou; Eastern Wei again changed it to Northern Yangzhou; Later Qi changed it to Xinzhou; Later Zhou changed it to Chenzhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang, Moling was changed to Xiang County. In year sixteen Shenzhou was separately established; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It also had Xiangcheng Commandery; at the beginning of Kaihuang Chen Commandery was divided off and established, and in year three both were abolished. Nandun formerly had Nandun Commandery. Later Qi abolished the commandery and Pingxiang County into it and changed it to Hecheng. At the beginning of Daye it was again changed to Nandun. Dan was established in Kaihuang year six. Tongyang was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year eleven. Eastern Wei also established Caizhou, which Later Qi abolished and used to establish Baoxin County. At the beginning of Kaihuang it was abolished. Ruyin Commandery formerly had Yingzhou established there.

100

宛丘

Wanqiu

101

西華

Xihua

102

溵水

Yinshui

103

撫樂

Fule

104

太康

Taikang

105

鹿邑

Luyi

106

項城

Xiangcheng

107

南頓

Nandun

108

鄲汝陰郡汝陰郡舊置潁州。統縣五，戶六萬五千九百二十六。

Under Dan. Ruyin Commandery, Ruyin Commandery had formerly had Yingzhou established. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 65,926 households.

109

汝陰舊置汝陰郡，開皇初郡廢。大業初複置。潁陽梁曰陳留，並置陳留郡及陳州。東魏廢州。開皇初廢郡，十八年縣改名焉。有鄭縣，後齊廢。清丘梁曰許昌，及置潁川郡。開皇初廢郡，十八年縣改名焉。潁上樑置下蔡郡，後齊廢郡。大業初縣改名焉。下蔡梁置汴郡，後齊郡廢。大業初縣改名焉。又梁置淮陽郡，後齊改曰潁川郡。開皇初郡廢。上洛郡。

Ruyin formerly had Ruyin Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye it was restored. Yingyang was called Chenliu under Liang, and Chenliu Commandery and Chenzhou were also established there. Eastern Wei abolished the province. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. It had Zheng County, which Later Qi abolished. Qingqiu was called Xuchang under Liang, and Yingchuan Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. Yingshang had Xiacai Commandery established by Liang; Later Qi abolished the commandery. At the beginning of Daye the county's name was changed. Xiacai had Bian Commandery established by Liang; Later Qi abolished the commandery. At the beginning of Daye the county's name was changed. Liang also established Huaiyang Commandery; Later Qi changed it to Yingchuan Commandery, and at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Shangluo Commandery.

110

汝陰

Ruyin

111

潁陽

Yingyang

112

清丘

Qingqiu

113

潁上

Yingshang

114

下蔡上洛郡上洛郡。舊置洛州，後周改為商州。統縣五，戶一萬五百一十六。

Xiakai. In Shangluo Commandery, Shangluo Commandery. Formerly Luozhou was established; Later Zhou changed it to Shangzhou, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 10,516 households.

115

上洛舊置上洛郡，開皇初郡廢，大業初複置。有秦嶺山、熊耳山、洛水、丹水。商洛有關官。洛南舊曰拒陽，置拒陽郡。開皇初郡廢，縣改名焉。有玄扈山、陽虛山。豐陽後周置，開皇初並南陽縣入。有洵水、甲水。上津舊置北上洛郡，梁改為南洛州，西魏又改為上州，後周並漫川、開化二縣入，大業初廢州。有天柱山、詔及山、女思山。弘農郡大業三年置。

Shangluo formerly had Shangluo Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was restored. It had Qinling Mountain, Xiong'er Mountain, the Luo River, and the Dan River. Shangluo had barrier offices. Luonan was formerly called Juyang, where Juyang Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county's name was changed. It had Xuanhu Mountain and Yangxu Mountain. Fengyang was established by Later Zhou; at the beginning of Kaihuang Nanyang County was merged into it. It had the Xun River and Jia River. Shangjin formerly had Northern Shangluo Commandery established; Liang changed it to Southern Luozhou, Western Wei again changed it to Shangzhou, and Later Zhou merged Manchuan and Kaihua counties into it. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Tianzhu Mountain, Zhaoji Mountain, and Nusi Mountain. Hongnong Commandery was established in Daye year three.

116

上洛

Shangluo

117

商洛

Shangluo

118

洛南

Luonan

119

豐陽

Fengyang

120

上津弘農郡弘農郡大業三年置。統縣四，戶二萬七千四百六十六。

Shangjin. Hongnong Commandery. Hongnong Commandery was established in the third year of Daye. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 27,466 households.

121

弘農舊置西恆農郡，後周廢。大業初置弘農郡。又有石城郡、玉城縣，西魏並廢。有石堤山。盧氏後魏置漢安郡，西魏置義川郡。開皇初郡廢，州改為虢州。大業初州廢。有關官。有石扇山。長泉後魏曰南陝，西魏改焉。有松楊山、檀山。硃陽舊置硃陽郡，後周郡廢。有邑陽縣，開皇末改為邑川，大業初併入。有肺山，有湖水。淅陽郡西魏置淅州。

Hongnong formerly had Western Hengnong Commandery established, which Later Zhou abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Hongnong Commandery was established. It also had Shicheng Commandery and Yucheng County, both abolished by Western Wei. It had Shidi Mountain. Lushi had Han'an Commandery established by Later Wei, and Western Wei established Yichuan Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and the province was changed to Guozhou. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had barrier offices and Shishan Mountain. Changquan was called Nanshan under Later Wei, and Western Wei changed it. It had Songyang Mountain and Tan Mountain. Zhuyang formerly had Zhuyang Commandery established; Later Zhou abolished the commandery. It had Yiyang County, which at the end of Kaihuang was changed to Yichuan and at the beginning of Daye was merged into Zhuyang. It had Fei Mountain and Hu Lake. Xiyang Commandery had Xizhou established by Western Wei.

122

弘農

Hongnong

123

盧氏

Lushi

124

長泉

Changquan

125

硃陽淅陽郡淅陽郡西魏置淅州。統縣七，戶三萬七千二百五十。

Zhuyang. Xiyang Commandery. Xiyang Commandery. in Western Wei, Xizhou was established. The commandery governed 7 counties with a registered population of 37,250 households.

126

南鄉舊置南鄉郡，後周並龍泉、湖裡、白亭三縣入。又有左南鄉縣，並置左鄉郡。西魏改郡為秀山，改縣為安山。後周秀山郡廢。開皇初南鄉郡廢。大業初置淅陽郡，並安山縣入焉。有石墨山。內鄉舊曰西淅陽郡，西魏改為內鄉。後周廢，並淅川、石人二縣入焉。有淅水。丹水舊置丹川郡。後周郡廢，並茅城、倉陵、許昌三縣入。有胡保山。武當舊置武當郡。又僑置始平郡，後改為齊興郡。梁置興州，後周改為豐州。開皇初二郡並廢，改為均州。大業初州廢。有石階山、武當山。均陽梁置。安福梁置，曰廣福，並為郡。開皇初郡廢，仁壽初改焉。鄖鄉有防山。南陽郡舊置荊州。

Nanxiang formerly had Nanxiang Commandery established; Later Zhou merged Longquan, Huli, and Baiting counties into it. It also had Zuo Nanxiang County, and Zuoxiang Commandery was established there. Western Wei changed the commandery to Xiushan and the county to Anshan. Later Zhou abolished Xiushan Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang, Nanxiang Commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Xiyang Commandery was established, and Anshan County was merged into it. It had Shimo Mountain. Neixiang was formerly called Western Xiyang Commandery; Western Wei changed it to Neixiang. Later Zhou abolished it and merged Xichuan and Shiren counties into it. It had the Xi River. Danshui formerly had Danchuan Commandery established. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and merged Maocheng, Cangling, and Xuchang counties into it. It had Hubao Mountain. Wudang formerly had Wudang Commandery established. Shaping Commandery was also established there in exile and later changed to Qixing Commandery. Liang established Xingzhou, and Later Zhou changed it to Fengzhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the two commanderies were both abolished and changed to Junzhou. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Shijie Mountain and Wudang Mountain. Junyang was established by Liang. Anfu was established by Liang and called Guangfu, and a commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Renshou the name was changed. Yunxiang had Fang Mountain. Nanyang Commandery formerly had Jingzhou established there.

127

南鄉

Nanxiang

128

內鄉

Neixiang

129

丹水

Danshui

130

武當

Wudang

131

均陽

Junyang

132

安福

Anfu

133

鄖鄉南陽郡南陽郡舊置荊州。開皇初，改為鄧州。統縣八，戶七萬七千五百二十。

Under Yunxiang. Nanyang Commandery, Nanyang Commandery had formerly had Jingzhou established. Early in the Kaihuang era, it was changed to Dengzhou The commandery governed 8 counties with a registered population of 77,520 households.

134

穰帶郡。有白水。新野舊曰棘陽，置新野郡。又有漢廣郡，西魏改為黃岡郡。又有南棘陽縣，改為百寧縣。後周二郡並廢，並南棘縣入焉。開皇初更名新野。南陽舊曰上陌，置南陽郡。後周並宛縣入，更名上宛。開皇初郡廢，又改為南陽。課陽舊曰涅陽，開皇初改焉。有課水、涅水。順陽舊置順陽郡。西魏析置鄭縣，尋改為清鄉。後周又並順陽入清鄉。開皇初又改為順陽。冠軍菊潭舊曰酈，開皇初改焉。有東弘農郡，西魏改為武關，至是廢入。有梅溪、湍水。新城西魏改為臨湍，開皇初複名焉。有朝水。淯陽郡西魏置蒙州。

Rang carried a commandery. It had Baishui. Xinye was formerly called Jiyang, where Xinye Commandery was established. It also had Hanguang Commandery, which Western Wei changed to Huanggang Commandery. It also had Southern Jiyang County, changed to Baining County. Later Zhou abolished both commanderies and merged Southern Jiyang County into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang it was renamed Xinye. Nanyang was formerly called Shangmo, where Nanyang Commandery was established. Later Zhou merged Wan County into it and renamed it Shangwan. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and it was again changed to Nanyang. Keyang was formerly called Nieyang; at the beginning of Kaihuang it was changed. It had the Ke River and Nie River. Shunyang formerly had Shunyang Commandery established. Western Wei divided off and established Zheng County, soon changing it to Qingxiang. Later Zhou also merged Shunyang into Qingxiang. At the beginning of Kaihuang it was again changed to Shunyang. Guanjun and Jutan: Jutan was formerly called Li; at the beginning of Kaihuang it was changed. It had Eastern Hongnong Commandery, which Western Wei changed to Wuguan; by this time it was abolished into Jutan. It had Mei Creek and the Tuan River. Xincheng was changed by Western Wei to Lintuan; at the beginning of Kaihuang its old name was restored. It had the Chao River. Yuyang Commandery had Mengzhou established by Western Wei.

135

穰

Rang

136

新野

Xinye

137

南陽

Nanyang

138

課陽

Keyang

139

順陽

Shunyang

140

冠軍

Guanjun

141

菊潭

Jutan

142

新城淯陽郡淯陽郡西魏置蒙州。仁壽中，改曰淯州。統縣三，戶一萬七千九百。

Xincheng. Yuyang Commandery. Yuyang Commandery. in Western Wei, Mengzhou was established. During Renshou it was renamed Yuzhou, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 3 counties with a registered population of 17,900 households.

143

武川帶郡。有雉衡山。有淯水、紵水、灃水。向城西魏置，又立雉陽郡。開皇初郡廢。方城西魏置，及置襄邑郡。開皇初廢。東魏又置建城郡及建城縣，後齊郡縣並廢。又有業縣，開皇末改為灃水，大業併入。有西唐山。淮安郡後魏置東荊州，西魏改為淮州。

Wuchuan carried a commandery. It had Zhiheng Mountain. It had the Yu River, Zhu River, and Feng River. Xiangcheng was established by Western Wei, which also set up Zhiyang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Fangcheng was established by Western Wei, which also established Xiangyi Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang it was abolished. Eastern Wei also established Jiancheng Commandery and Jiancheng County; Later Qi abolished both commandery and county. It also had Ye County, which at the end of Kaihuang was changed to Fengshui and in Daye was merged into it. It had Xitang Mountain. Huai'an Commandery had Eastern Jingzhou established by Later Wei; Western Wei changed it to Huaizhou.

144

武川

Wuchuan

145

向城

Xiangcheng

146

方城淮安郡淮安郡後魏置東荊州，西魏改為淮州。開皇五年又改為顯州。統縣七，戶四萬六千八百四十。

Fangcheng. Huai'an Commandery. Huai'an Commandery. in Later Wei, Eastern Jingzhou was established; Western Wei changed it to Huaizhou. During Kaihuang year fifth, it was again changed to Xianzhou The commandery governed 7 counties with a registered population of 46,840 households.

147

比陽帶郡。後魏曰陽平，開皇七年改為饒良，大業初又改焉。又有後魏城陽縣，置殷州、城陽郡。開皇初郡並廢，其縣尋省。又有昭越縣，大業初改為同光，尋廢。又有東南陽郡，西魏改為南郭郡，後周廢。又有比陽故縣，置西郢州。西魏改為鴻州，後周廢為真昌郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初縣廢。平氏舊置漢廣郡，開皇初郡廢。有淮水。真昌舊曰北平，開皇九年改焉。顯岡舊置舞陰郡，開皇初郡廢。臨舞東魏置，及置期城郡。開皇初郡廢。又有東舞陽縣，開皇十八年改為昆水，大業初廢。慈丘後魏曰江夏，並置江夏郡。開皇初郡廢，更置慈丘於其北境。後魏有鄭州、潘州、溱州及襄城、周康二郡，上蔡、青山、震山三縣，並開皇初廢。有比水。桐柏梁置，曰淮安，並立華州，又立上川郡。西魏改州為淮州，後改為純州，尋廢。開皇初郡廢，更名縣曰桐柏。又梁置西義陽郡，西魏置淮陽郡及輔州，後周州郡並廢，又置淮南縣。開皇末改為油水，大業初廢。又有大義郡，後周置，開皇初廢。有桐柏山。

Biyang carried a commandery. Under Later Wei it was called Yangping; in Kaihuang year seven it was changed to Raoliang, and at the beginning of Daye it was changed again. It also had Chengyang County of Later Wei, where Yinzhou and Chengyang Commandery were established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were all abolished, and the county was soon abolished. It also had Zhaoyue County, which at the beginning of Daye was changed to Tongguang and soon abolished. It also had Eastern Nanyang Commandery, which Western Wei changed to Nanguo Commandery and Later Zhou abolished. It also had old Biyang County, where Western Yingzhou was established. Western Wei changed it to Hongzhou, and Later Zhou abolished it and made it Zhenchang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the county was abolished. Pingshi formerly had Hanguang Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had the Huai River. Zhenchang was formerly called Beiping; in Kaihuang year nine it was changed. Xiangang formerly had Wuyin Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Linwu was established by Eastern Wei, which also established Qicheng Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It also had Eastern Wuyang County, which in Kaihuang year eighteen was changed to Kunshui and at the beginning of Daye was abolished. Ciqiu was called Jiangxia under Later Wei, and Jiangxia Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Ciqiu was newly established on its northern border. Later Wei had Zhengzhou, Panzhou, Qinzhou, Xiangcheng and Zhoukang commanderies, and Shangcai, Qingshan, and Zhenshan counties; all were abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had the Bi River. Tongbai was established by Liang and called Huai'an; Huazhou was also set up, and Shangchuan Commandery was established. Western Wei changed the province to Huaizhou, and later changed it to Chunzhou, which was soon abolished. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and the county was renamed Tongbai. Liang also established Western Yiyang Commandery; Western Wei established Huaiyang Commandery and Fuzhou; Later Zhou abolished both province and commandery and also established Huainan County. At the end of Kaihuang it was changed to Youshui, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished. It also had Dayi Commandery, established by Later Zhou and abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had Tongbai Mountain.

148

比陽

Biyang

149

平氏

Pingshi

150

真昌

Zhenchang

151

顯岡

Xiangang

152

臨舞

Linwu

153

慈丘

Ciqiu

154

桐柏

Tongbai

155

豫州于《禹貢》為荊州之地。其在天官，自氐五度至尾九度，為大火，於辰在卯，宋之分野，屬豫州。自柳九度至張十六度，為鶉火，於辰在午，周之分野，屬三河，則河南。准之星次，亦豫州之域。豫之言舒也，言稟平和之氣，性理安舒也。洛陽得土之中，賦貢所均，故周公作洛，此焉攸在。其俗尚商賈，機巧成俗。故《漢志》雲「周人之失，巧偽趨利，賤義貴財」，此亦自古然矣。滎陽古之鄭地，梁郡梁孝故都，邪僻傲蕩，舊傳其俗。今則好尚稼穡，重于禮文，其風皆變于古。譙郡、濟陰、襄城、潁川、汝南、淮陽、汝陰，其風頗同。南陽古帝鄉，搢紳所出，自三方鼎立，地處邊疆，戎馬所萃，失其舊俗。上洛、弘農，本與三輔同俗。自漢高發巴蜀之人，定三秦，遷巴之渠率七姓，居於商洛之地，由是風俗不改其壤。其人自巴來者，風俗猶同巴郡。淅陽、淯陽、亦頗同其俗雲。兗州東郡。東郡開皇九年置杞州，十六年改為滑州，大業二年為兗州。統縣九，戶十二萬一千九百五。

According to the "Tribute of Yu", Yu Province corresponded to the lands of Jing Province. By the celestial divisions, from five degrees of Di to nine degrees of Wei marks the Great Fire; in the earthly branches it corresponds to mao; this was the Song allotment, part of Yu Province. From nine degrees of Liu to sixteen degrees of Zhang is the Quail Fire asterism; in the earthly branches it corresponds to wu; it is the allotted region of Zhou, belonging to the Three Rivers—that is, Henan, as noted in the geography treatise. The Huai star station likewise fell within Yu Province. Yu means "ease"; it signifies receiving the spirit of balance and harmony, with a disposition and nature that are calm and at ease, as noted in the geography treatise. Luoyang occupies the center of the land; tribute and levies were apportioned from it—thus when the Duke of Zhou built Luo, it was established here, as noted in the geography treatise. Local custom esteem merchants and trade; cleverness and artifice have become the norm. For this reason, the Han Treatise says, "The fault of the people of Zhou was clever deceit and pursuit of profit, holding righteousness cheap and wealth dear"—this has been so from antiquity. Xingyang was the ancient land of Zheng; Liang Commandery was the former capital of King Xiao of Liang—wayward, arrogant, and dissolute; such were its customs by old report, as noted in the geography treatise. By the present day, they prefer farming and hold ritual and learning in high regard; their ways have all changed from antiquity. Qiao, Jiyin, Xiangcheng, Yingchuan, Runan, Huaiyang, and Ruyin commanderies share much the same customs, as noted in the geography treatise. Nanyang was the ancient homeland of emperors and the source of gentry officials; since the tripartite division of the realm it stood on the frontier, where war-horses gathered, and lost its old customs, as noted in the geography treatise. Shangluo and Hongnong originally shared the customs of the Three Adjuncts, as noted in the geography treatise. Since Emperor Gaozu of Han dispatched the people of Ba and Shu to settle the Three Qin, relocating seven clan leaders of Ba to dwell in the Shangluo region, the customs there have not changed from their original soil, as noted in the geography treatise. Those among the people who came from Ba still have customs much like Ba Commandery, as noted in the geography treatise. Xiyang and Yuyang also largely share those customs, as noted in the geography treatise. Yan Province, Dong Commandery. In Kaihuang year nine, Qizhou was established in Dong Commandery; in year sixteen it was changed to Huazhou, and in Daye year two it became Yanzhou. The commandery governed 9 counties with a registered population of 121,905 households.

156

白馬舊置東郡，後齊並涼城縣入焉。大業初複置郡。靈昌開皇十六年置。衛南開皇十六年置，大業初廢西濮陽入焉。又有後魏平昌、長樂二縣，後齊並廢。濮陽開皇十六年分置昆吾縣，大業初入焉。封丘後齊廢，開皇十六年複。匡城後齊曰長垣，開皇十六年改焉。胙城舊曰東燕，開皇十八年改焉。韋城開皇六年置，十六年分置長垣縣，大業初省入焉。離狐東平郡後周置魯州，尋廢。開皇十年置鄆州。

Baima formerly had Eastern Commandery established; Later Qi merged Liangcheng County into it. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was restored. Lingchang was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Weinan was established in Kaihuang year sixteen; at the beginning of Daye Western Puyang was abolished into it. It also had Later Wei's Pingchang and Changle counties, both abolished by Later Qi. Puyang had Kunwu County divided off and established in Kaihuang year sixteen; at the beginning of Daye it was merged into Puyang. Fengqiu was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. Kuangcheng was called Changyuan by Later Qi; in Kaihuang year sixteen it was changed. Zuocheng was formerly called Eastern Yan; in Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed. Weicheng was established in Kaihuang year six; in year sixteen Changyuan County was divided off and established; at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Weicheng. Lihu and Dongping Commandery: Later Zhou established Luzhou, which was soon abolished. In Kaihuang year ten Yunzhou was established.

157

白馬

Baima

158

靈昌

Lingchang

159

衛南

Weinan

160

濮陽

Puyang

161

封丘

Fengqiu

162

匡城

Kuangcheng

163

胙城

Zuocheng

164

韋城

Weicheng

165

離狐東平郡東平郡後周置魯州，尋廢。置鄆州。統縣六，戶八萬六千九十。

Lihu. Dongping Commandery. Dongping Commandery. Later Zhou established Luzhou, which was soon abolished. Yunzhou was established. The commandery governed 6 counties with a registered population of 86,090 households.

166

鄆城後周置，曰清澤，又置高平郡。開皇初郡廢，改縣曰萬安。十八年改曰鄆城。大業初置郡，並廩丘入焉。鄄城舊置濮陽郡，開皇初郡廢，十六年置濮州，大業初州廢。有關官。須昌開皇十六年置。有梁山。宿城後齊曰須昌，開皇十六年改焉。舊置東平郡，後齊並廢。雷澤舊曰城陽，後齊廢。開皇十六年置，曰雷澤，又分置臨濮縣。大業初併入焉。有曆山、雷澤。钜野舊廢，開皇十六年複，又置乘丘縣，大業初廢入焉。濟北郡舊置濟州。

Yuncheng was established by Later Zhou and called Qingze; Gaoping Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Wan'an. In year eighteen it was changed to Yuncheng. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was established, and Linqiu was merged into it. Juancheng formerly had Puyang Commandery established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year sixteen Puzhou was established; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had barrier offices. Xuchang was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Liang Mountain. Sucheng was called Xuchang by Later Qi; in Kaihuang year sixteen it was changed. It formerly had Dongping Commandery established; Later Qi abolished both. Leize was formerly called Chengyang and was abolished by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year sixteen it was established and called Leize, and Linpu County was also divided off and established. At the beginning of Daye it was merged into Leize. It had Li Mountain and Leize Marsh. Juye had long been abolished and was restored in Kaihuang year sixteen; Chengqiu County was also established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Juye. Jibei Commandery formerly had Jizhou established there.

167

鄆城

Yuncheng

168

鄄城

Juancheng

169

須昌

Xuchang

170

宿城

Sucheng

171

雷澤

Leize

172

钜野濟北郡濟北郡舊置濟州。統縣九，戶十萬五千六百六十。

Under Juye. Jibei Commandery, Jibei Commandery had formerly had Jizhou established. The commandery governed 9 counties with a registered population of 105,660 households.

173

盧舊置郡，開皇初廢。六年分置濟北縣，大業初省入焉，尋置郡。有關官。有成回倉，有魚山、遊仙山。范後齊廢，開皇十六年置。陽穀開皇十六年置。東阿有浮山、𡽳山、狼水。平陰開皇十四年置，曰榆山，大業初改焉。長清開皇十四年置。又有東太原郡，後齊廢。濟北開皇十四年置，曰時平，大業初改焉。壽張肥城宋置濟北郡，後齊廢。後周置肥城郡，尋廢，又複。開皇初又廢。武陽郡後周魏置魏州。

Lu formerly had a commandery established, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. In year six Jibei County was divided off and established; at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Lu, and soon a commandery was established. It had barrier offices. It had Chenghui Granary, Yu Mountain, and Youxian Mountain. Fan was abolished by Later Qi and established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Yanggu was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Dong'e had Fu Mountain, Xian Mountain, and the Lang River. Pingyin was established in Kaihuang year fourteen and called Yushan; at the beginning of Daye it was changed. Changqing was established in Kaihuang year fourteen. It also had Eastern Taiyuan Commandery, abolished by Later Qi. Jibei was established in Kaihuang year fourteen and called Shiping; at the beginning of Daye it was changed. Shouzhang and Feicheng: Song established Jibei Commandery, which Later Qi abolished. Later Zhou established Feicheng Commandery, soon abolished it, and later restored it. At the beginning of Kaihuang it was again abolished. Wuyang Commandery: Later Zhou and Wei established Weizhou.

174

盧舊

Lujiu

175

范

Fan

176

陽穀

Yanggu

177

東阿

Dong'e

178

平陰

Pingyin

179

長清

Changqing

180

濟北

Jibei

181

壽張

Shouzhang

182

肥城武陽郡武陽郡後周魏置魏州。統縣十四，戶二十一萬三千三十五。

Feicheng. Wuyang Commandery. Wuyang Commandery. Later Zhou and Wei established Weizhou. The commandery governed 14 counties with a registered population of 213,035 households.

183

貴鄉東魏置。又有平邑縣，後齊廢，開皇十六年又置。大業初置武陽郡，並省平邑縣入焉。有愜山。元城後齊廢。開皇六年複，又置馬陵縣，大業初廢入焉。有沙麓山。繁水舊曰昌樂，置昌樂郡。東魏郡廢，後周又置。舊有魏城縣，後齊廢。開皇初廢郡，六年置縣，曰繁水。大業初廢昌樂縣入焉。魏後齊廢，開皇六年複。十六年析置漳陰縣，大業初省入焉。莘舊曰陽平，後齊改曰樂平。開皇六年複曰陽平，八年改曰清邑，十六年置莘州。大業初州廢，改縣名莘，又廢莘亭縣入焉。後周置武陽郡焉，開皇初廢。頓丘後齊省，開皇六年置。又有舊陰安縣，後齊廢。觀城舊曰衛國，開皇六年改。臨黃後魏置，後齊省，開皇六年複，十六年分置河上縣，大業初省入焉。武陽後齊省，後周置。武水開皇十六年置。館陶舊置毛州，大業初州廢。又有舊陽平郡，開皇初廢。堂邑開皇六年置。冠氏開皇六年置。聊城舊置南冀州及平原郡，未幾，州廢。開皇初郡廢。十六年置博州，大業初州廢。渤海郡開皇六年置棣州，大業二年為滄州。

Guixiang was established by Eastern Wei. It also had Pingyi County, abolished by Later Qi and again established in Kaihuang year sixteen. At the beginning of Daye, Wuyang Commandery was established and Pingyi County was abolished into it. It had Qie Mountain. Yuancheng was abolished by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year six it was restored, and Maling County was also established; at the beginning of Daye Maling was abolished into it. It had Shalu Mountain. Fanshui was formerly called Changle, where Changle Commandery was established. Eastern Wei abolished the commandery, and Later Zhou established it again. It formerly had Weicheng County, abolished by Later Qi. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year six the county was established and called Fanshui. At the beginning of Daye, Changle County was abolished into it. Wei was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year six. In year sixteen Zhangyin County was divided off and established; at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Wei. Shen was formerly called Yangping; Later Qi changed it to Leping. In Kaihuang year six it was again called Yangping, in year eight changed to Qingyi, and in year sixteen Shenzhou was established. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, the county was renamed Shen, and Shenting County was also abolished into it. Later Zhou established Wuyang Commandery there, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Dunqiu was abolished by Later Qi and established in Kaihuang year six. It also had old Yin'an County, abolished by Later Qi. Guancheng was formerly called Weiguo; in Kaihuang year six it was changed. Linhuang was established by Later Wei and abolished by Later Qi; in Kaihuang year six it was restored, and in year sixteen Heshang County was divided off and established; at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Linhuang. Wuyang was abolished by Later Qi and established by Later Zhou. Wushui was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Guantao formerly had Maozhou established; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It also had old Yangping Commandery, abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Tangyi was established in Kaihuang year six. Guanshi was established in Kaihuang year six. Liaocheng formerly had Southern Jizhou and Pingyuan Commandery established; before long the province was abolished. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year sixteen Bozhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Bohai Commandery had Dizhou established in Kaihuang year six, which in Daye year two became Cangzhou.

184

貴鄉

Guixiang

185

元城

Yuancheng

186

繁水

Fanshui

187

魏

Wei

188

莘

Shen

189

頓丘

Dunqiu

190

觀城

Guancheng

191

臨黃

Linhuang

192

武陽

Wuyang

193

武水

Wushui

194

館陶

Guantao

195

堂邑

Tangyi

196

冠氏

Guanshi

197

聊城渤海郡渤海郡開皇六年置棣州，大業二年為滄州。統縣十，戶十二萬二千九百九。

Liaocheng. Bohai Commandery. Bohai Commandery. in the sixth year of Kaihuang, Dizhou was established; in the second year of Daye it became Cangzhou. The commandery governed 10 counties with a registered population of 122,299 households.

198

陽信帶郡。樂陵舊置樂陵郡，開皇初郡廢。十六年分置鬲津縣，大業初廢入焉。滳河開皇十六置。又有後魏濕沃縣，後齊廢。有關官。厭次後齊廢，開皇十六年複。蒲台開皇十六年置。饒安舊置滄州、浮陽郡，開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢。無棣開皇六年置。鹽山舊曰高成。開皇十六年又置浮水縣。十八年改高成曰鹽山。大業初省浮水入焉。有鹽山、峽山。南皮清池舊曰浮陽，開皇十八年改。平原郡開皇九年置德州。

Yangxin carried a commandery. Leling formerly had Leling Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year sixteen Gejin County was divided off and established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Leling. Shanghe was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It also had Shiwo County of Later Wei, abolished by Later Qi. It had barrier offices. Yanci was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. Putai was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Rao'an formerly had Cangzhou and Fuyang Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Wudi was established in Kaihuang year six. Yanshan was formerly called Gaocheng. In Kaihuang year sixteen Fushui County was also established. In year eighteen Gaocheng was changed to Yanshan. At the beginning of Daye, Fushui was abolished into it. It had Yan Mountain and Xia Mountain. Nanpi and Qingchi: Qingchi was formerly called Fuyang, and in Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed. Pingyuan Commandery had Dezhou established in Kaihuang year nine.

199

陽信

Yangxin

200

樂陵

Leling

201

滳河

Qinghe

202

厭次

Yanci

203

蒲台

Putai

204

饒安

Rao'an

205

無棣

Wudi

206

鹽山

Yanshan

207

南皮

Nanpi

208

清池平原郡平原郡開皇九年置德州。統縣九，戶十三萬五千八百二十二。

Qingchi. Pingyuan Commandery. Pingyuan Commandery. in the ninth year of Kaihuang, Dezhou was established. The commandery governed 9 counties with a registered population of 135,822 households.

209

安樂舊置平原郡，開皇初郡廢，大業初複，又開官皇十六年置繹幕縣，至是廢入焉。又有後魏鬲縣，後齊廢，有關官。平原後齊並鄃縣入焉。有關官。又後魏置東青州，置未久而為。將陵開皇十六年置。平昌後魏置東安郡，後齊廢，並以重平縣入焉。般後齊省，開皇十六年複。長河舊曰廣川。後齊省，開皇六年複置，仁壽初改名焉。弓高舊廢，開皇十六年置。東光舊置渤海郡，開皇初郡廢。九年置觀州，大業初州廢，又並安陵入焉。有天胎山。胡蘇舊廢，開皇十六年置。

Anle formerly had Pingyuan Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was restored. Also, in Kaihuang year sixteen Yimu County was established, and by this time it was abolished into Anle. It also had Ge County of Later Wei, abolished by Later Qi, and had barrier offices. Pingyuan had Shu County merged into it by Later Qi. It had barrier offices. Later Wei also established Eastern Qingzhou, which before long was abolished. Jiangling was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Pingchang had Dong'an Commandery established by Later Wei; Later Qi abolished it and also merged Chongping County into it. Ban was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. Changhe was formerly called Guangchuan. Later Qi abolished it; in Kaihuang year six it was restored, and at the beginning of Renshou its name was changed. Gonggao had long been abolished and was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Dongguang formerly had Bohai Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year nine Guanzhou was established; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Anling was also merged into it. It had Tiantai Mountain. Husu had long been abolished and was established in Kaihuang year sixteen.

210

安樂

An'le

211

平原

Pingyuan

212

將陵

Jiangling

213

平昌

Pingchang

214

般

Pan

215

長河

Changhe

216

弓高

Gonggao

217

東光

Dongguang

218

胡蘇

Husu

219

兗州于《禹貢》為濟、河之地。其於天官，自軫十二度至氐四度，為壽星，于辰在辰，鄭之分野。兗州蓋取沇水為名，亦曰兗，兗之為言端也，言陽精端端，故其氣纖殺也。東郡、東平、濟北、武陽、平原等郡，得其地焉。兼得鄒、魯、齊、衛之交。舊傳太公唐叔之教，亦有周孔遺風。今此數郡，其人尚多好儒學，性質直懷義，有古之風烈矣。冀州信都郡信都郡舊置冀州。統縣十二，戶十六萬八千七百一十八。

According to the "Tribute of Yu", Yan Province corresponded to the lands of Ji and He. In the celestial offices, from twelve degrees of Zhen to four degrees of Di is the Longevity Star asterism; in the earthly branches it corresponds to chen; it is the allotted region of Zheng, as noted in the geography treatise. Yan Province takes its name from the Yan River; it is also called Yan—yan meaning "upright"; it signifies the yang essence standing upright, hence its qi is fine and cutting, as noted in the geography treatise. Dong, Dongping, Jibei, Wuyang, Pingyuan, and other commanderies obtained this territory, as noted in the geography treatise. It also combined the junction of Zou, Lu, Qi, and Wei, as noted in the geography treatise. By old report the teachings of Grand Duke and Duke of Tang survived, and traces of the Zhou and Confucian legacy remained, as noted in the geography treatise. By the present day, among these several commanderies, the people largely still love Confucian learning; their nature is straightforward and they cherish righteousness—there remain the heroic manners of antiquity. Under Ji Province, Xindu Commandery, Xindu Commandery had formerly had Jizhou established. The commandery governed 12 counties with a registered population of 168,718 households.

220

長樂舊曰信都，帶長樂郡，後齊廢扶柳縣入焉。開皇初郡廢，分信都置長樂縣。十六年又分長樂置澤城縣。大業初廢信都及澤城入焉，置信都郡。堂陽舊縣，後齊廢，開皇十六年複。衡水開皇十六年置。棗強舊縣，後齊廢索蘆、廣川二縣入焉。武邑舊縣，後齊廢。開皇六年置，並得後齊觀津縣地。十六年分武強置昌亭縣，大業初廢入焉。武強舊置武邑郡，後齊郡廢，又廢武遂縣入焉。南宮舊縣，後齊廢，開皇六年複。斌強鹿城舊曰鄡，後齊改曰安國。開皇六年改為安定，十八年改。開皇十六年又置晏城，大業初廢入。下博蓚舊曰脩，開皇五年改。十六年分置觀津縣，大業初廢。阜城清河郡後周置貝州。

Changle was formerly called Xindu and carried Changle Commandery; Later Qi abolished Fuliu County into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Changle County was divided off from Xindu and established. In year sixteen Zecheng County was also divided off from Changle and established. At the beginning of Daye, Xindu and Zecheng were abolished into it, and Xindu Commandery was established. Tangyang was an old county; Later Qi abolished it, and in Kaihuang year sixteen it was restored. Hengshui was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Zaoqiang was an old county; Later Qi abolished Suolu and Guangchuan counties into it. Wuyi was an old county and was abolished by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year six it was established and also received the territory of Later Qi's Guanjin County. In year sixteen Changting County was divided off from Wuqiang and established; at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Wuyi. Wuqiang formerly had Wuyi Commandery established; Later Qi abolished the commandery and also abolished Wusui County into it. Nangong was an old county, abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year six. Binqiang and Lucheng: Lucheng was formerly called Xiao; Later Qi changed it to Anguo. In Kaihuang year six it was changed to Anding, and in year eighteen changed again. In Kaihuang year sixteen Yancheng was also established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Lucheng. Xiabo and Tiao: Tiao was formerly called Xiu; in Kaihuang year five it was changed. In year sixteen Guanjin County was divided off and established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished. Fucheng and Qinghe Commandery: Later Zhou established Beizhou.

221

長樂

Changle

222

堂陽

Tangyang

223

衡水

Hengshui

224

棗強

Zaoqiang

225

武邑

Wuyi

226

武強

Wuqiang

227

南宮

Nangong

228

斌強

Binqiang

229

鹿城

Lucheng

230

下博

Xiabo

231

蓚

Tiao

232

阜城清河郡清河郡後周置貝州。統縣十四，戶三十萬千六五百四十四。

Fucheng. Qinghe Commandery. Qinghe Commandery. Later Zhou established Beizhou. The commandery governed 14 counties with a registered population of 306,544 households.

233

清河舊曰武城，置清河郡。開皇初郡廢，改名焉，仍別置武城縣。十六年置夏津縣，大業初廢入，置清河郡。清陽舊曰清河縣，後齊省貝丘入焉，改為貝丘，開皇六年改為清陽。又有後魏候城縣，後齊省以入武城，亦入焉。武城舊曰上城。開皇初改武城為清河縣，于此置武城。曆亭開皇十六年分武城置焉。漳南開皇六年置，曰東陽，十八年改為漳南。有後魏故索盧城，後齊以入棗強，至是入。鄃舊廢，開皇十六年置。臨清後齊廢，開皇六年年複。又十六年置沙丘縣，大業初廢入焉。清泉後齊廢千童縣入。開皇十六年置貝丘縣，大業二年廢入。清平開皇六年置，曰貝丘，十六年改曰清平。高唐後魏置南清河郡，後齊郡廢。經城後齊廢，開皇六年置，十六年分置府城縣，大業初省入焉。宗城舊曰廣宗，仁壽元年改。博平開皇六年置靈縣，大業初省入。茌平後齊廢，開皇初複。魏郡後魏置相州，東魏改曰司州牧。

Qinghe was formerly called Wucheng, where Qinghe Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the name was changed, while Wucheng County was separately established. In year sixteen Xiajin County was established; at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Qinghe, and Qinghe Commandery was established. Qingyang was formerly called Qinghe County; Later Qi abolished Beiqiu into it and changed it to Beiqiu, and in Kaihuang year six it was changed to Qingyang. It also had Houcheng County of Later Wei, which Later Qi abolished into Wucheng, and it too was merged into Qingyang. Wucheng was formerly called Shangcheng. At the beginning of Kaihuang, Wucheng was changed to Qinghe County, and Wucheng was established here. Liting was divided off from Wucheng and established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Zhangnan was established in Kaihuang year six and called Dongyang; in year eighteen it was changed to Zhangnan. It had old Suolu City of Later Wei, which Later Qi merged into Zaoqiang and by this time was merged into Zhangnan. Shu had long been abolished and was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Linqing was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year six. In year sixteen Shaqiu County was also established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Linqing. Qingquan had Qiantong County abolished into it by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year sixteen Beiqiu County was established, and in Daye year two it was abolished into Qingquan. Qingping was established in Kaihuang year six and called Beiqiu; in year sixteen it was changed to Qingping. Gaotang had Southern Qinghe Commandery established by Later Wei, and Later Qi abolished the commandery. Jingcheng was abolished by Later Qi and established in Kaihuang year six; in year sixteen Fucheng County was divided off and established; at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Jingcheng. Zongcheng was formerly called Guangzong; in Renshou year one the name was changed. Boping was established in Kaihuang year six as Ling County, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Boping. Chiping was abolished by Later Qi and restored at the beginning of Kaihuang. Wei Commandery had Xiangzhou established by Later Wei; Eastern Wei changed it to Sizhou Governorate.

234

清河

Qinghe

235

清陽

Qingyang

236

武城

Wucheng

237

曆亭

Liting

238

漳南

Zhangnan

239

鄃

Shu

240

臨清

Linqing

241

清泉

Qingquan

242

清平

Qingping

243

高唐

Gaotang

244

經城

Jingcheng

245

宗城

Zongcheng

246

博平

Boping

247

茌平魏郡魏郡後魏置相州，東魏改曰司州牧。後周又改曰相州，置六府。宣政初府移洛，以置總管府，未幾，府廢。統縣十一，戶十二萬二百二十七。

Chiping. Wei Commandery. Wei Commandery. Later Wei established Xiangzhou; Eastern Wei changed it to Sizhou Inspectorate. Later Zhou again changed it to Xiangzhou and established six offices, as noted in the geography treatise. At the beginning of Xuanzheng the offices moved to Luo; a grand administrative office was established, but before long the office was abolished, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 11 counties with a registered population of 120,227 households.

248

安陽周大象初，置相州及魏郡，因改名鄴，開皇初郡廢，十年複，名安陽，分置相縣，鄴還復舊。大業初廢相入焉，置魏郡有韓陵山。鄴東魏都。後周平齊，置相州。大象初縣隨州徙安陽，此改為靈芝縣。開皇十年又改焉。臨漳東魏置。成安後齊置。靈泉後周置。有龍山。堯城開皇十年置，名長樂，十八年改焉。洹水後周置。滏陽後周置。開皇十年置慈州，大業初州廢。臨水有慈石山、鼓山、滏山。林慮後魏置林慮郡，後齊郡廢，後又置。開皇初郡廢，又分置淇陽縣。十六年置岩州。大業初州廢，又廢淇陽入焉。有林慮谼、仙人台、洹水。臨淇東魏置，尋廢，開皇十六年複。有淇水。汲郡東魏置義州，後周為衛州。

Anyang: at the beginning of Zhou's Daxiang, Xiangzhou and Wei Commandery were established, and because of this the name was changed to Ye. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year ten it was restored and named Anyang, Xiang County was divided off and established, and Ye returned to its old name. At the beginning of Daye, Xiang was abolished into Anyang, and Wei Commandery was established. It had Hanling Mountain. Ye was the capital of Eastern Wei. After Later Zhou pacified Qi, it established Xiangzhou. At the beginning of Daxiang the county moved with the province to Anyang, and this place was changed to Lingzhi County. In Kaihuang year ten it was changed again. Linzhang was established by Eastern Wei. Cheng'an was established by Later Qi. Lingquan was established by Later Zhou. It had Long Mountain. Yaocheng was established in Kaihuang year ten and named Changle; in year eighteen it was changed. Huanshui was established by Later Zhou. Fuyang was established by Later Zhou. In Kaihuang year ten Cizhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Linshui had Cishi Mountain, Gu Mountain, and Fu Mountain. Linlü had Linlü Commandery established by Later Wei; Later Qi abolished the commandery and later established it again. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Qiyang County was separately established. In year sixteen Yanzhou was established. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Qiyang was also abolished into Linlü. It had Linlü Valley, Immortal Terrace, and the Huan River. Linqi was established by Eastern Wei and soon abolished; in Kaihuang year sixteen it was restored. It had the Qi River. Ji Commandery had Yizhou established by Eastern Wei; Later Zhou made it Weizhou.

249

安陽

Anyang

250

鄴

Ye

251

大象

Daxiang

252

臨漳

Linzhang

253

成安

Cheng'an

254

靈泉

Lingquan

255

堯城

Yaocheng

256

洹水

Huanshui

257

滏陽

Fuyang

258

臨水

Linshui

259

林慮

Linlu

260

臨淇汲郡汲郡東魏置義州，後周為衛州。統縣八，戶十一萬一千七百二十一。

Linqi. Ji Commandery. Ji Commandery. Eastern Wei established Yizhou; Later Zhou made it Weizhou. The commandery governed 8 counties with a registered population of 111,721 households.

261

衛舊曰朝歌，置汲郡。後周又分置修武郡。開皇初郡並廢，十六年又置清淇縣。大業初置汲郡，改朝歌縣曰衛，廢清淇入焉。有朝陽山、同山。有紂朝歌城、比干墓。汲東魏僑置七郡十八縣。後齊省，以置伍城郡，後周廢為伍城縣，開皇六年改焉。隋興開皇六年置。後析置陽源縣，大業初併入焉。有倉岩山。黎陽後魏置黎陽郡，後置黎州。開皇初州郡並廢。十六年又置黎州，大業初，罷。有倉。有關官。有大伾山、枉人山。內黃舊廢，開皇六年置。十六年分置繁陽縣，大業初廢入。湯陰舊廢，開皇六年又置。有博望岡。臨河開皇六年置。澶水開皇十六年置。河內郡舊置懷州。

Wei was formerly called Chaoge, where Ji Commandery was established. Later Zhou also divided off and established Xiuwu Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang both commanderies were abolished, and in year sixteen Qingqi County was again established. At the beginning of Daye, Ji Commandery was established, Chaoge County was changed to Wei, and Qingqi was abolished into it. It had Chaoyang Mountain and Tong Mountain. It had King Zhou's Chaoge City and Bi Gan's tomb. Ji had seven commanderies and eighteen counties established there in exile by Eastern Wei. Later Qi abolished them and used the territory to establish Wucheng Commandery; Later Zhou abolished it and made it Wucheng County, and in Kaihuang year six the name was changed. Suixing was established in Kaihuang year six. Later Yangyuan County was divided off and established, and at the beginning of Daye it was merged into Suixing. It had Cangyan Mountain. Liyang had Liyang Commandery established by Later Wei, and later Lizhou was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang both province and commandery were abolished. In year sixteen Lizhou was again established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished. It had granaries and barrier offices. It had Dapi Mountain and Wangren Mountain. Neihuang had long been abolished and was established in Kaihuang year six. In year sixteen Fanyang County was divided off and established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Neihuang. Tangyin had long been abolished and was again established in Kaihuang year six. It had Bowang Ridge. Linhe was established in Kaihuang year six. Chanshui was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Henei Commandery formerly had Huaizhou established there.

262

衛

Wei

263

汲

Ji

264

隋

Sui

265

黎

Li

266

內黃

Neihuang

267

湯陰

Tangyin

268

臨河

Linhe

269

澶水河內郡河內郡舊置懷州。統縣十，戶十三萬三千六百六。

Under Chanshui. Henei Commandery, Henei Commandery had formerly had Huaizhou established. The commandery governed 10 counties with a registered population of 133,606 households.

270

河內舊曰野王，置河內郡。開皇初郡廢，十六年縣改焉。有軹縣，大業初廢入，尋置郡。有大行，有丹水。有絺城。溫舊廢，開皇十六年置。古溫城。濟源開皇十六年置。舊有沁水縣，後齊廢入。有孔山、母山。有濟水、濝水、古原城。河陽，舊廢，開皇十六年置。有盟津。有古河陽城治。安昌舊曰州縣，置武德郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改為邢丘。大業初改名安昌，又廢懷縣入焉。舊有平高縣，後齊廢。王屋舊曰長平，後周改焉，後又置懷州。及平齊，廢州置王屋郡。開皇初郡廢。有王屋山、齊子嶺。有軹關。獲嘉後周置修武郡，開皇初郡廢。十六年置殷州，大業初州廢。新鄉開皇初年置。有關官。舊有獲嘉縣，後齊廢。修武后魏置修武，後齊併入焉。開皇十六年析置武陟，大業初併入焉。又有東魏廣寧郡，後周廢。共城舊曰共，後齊廢。開皇六年複署，曰共城。有共山、白鹿山。長平郡舊曰建州。

Henei was formerly called Yewang, where Henei Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year sixteen the county was changed. It had Zhi County, which at the beginning of Daye was abolished into Henei; soon the commandery was established. It had Daxing, the Dan River, and Zhi City. Wen had long been abolished and was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had old Wen City. Jiyuan was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It formerly had Qinshui County, which Later Qi abolished into it. It had Kong Mountain, Mu Mountain, the Ji River, the Qi River, and old Yuan City. Heyang had long been abolished and was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Meng Ford and the seat of old Heyang City. Anchang was formerly called Zhou County, where Wude Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year eighteen the county was changed to Xingqiu. At the beginning of Daye the name was changed to Anchang, and Huai County was also abolished into it. It formerly had Pinggao County, abolished by Later Qi. Wangwu was formerly called Changping; Later Zhou changed it, and later also established Huaizhou. When Qi was pacified, the province was abolished and Wangwu Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Wangwu Mountain, Qizi Ridge, and Zhi Pass. Huojia had Xiuwu Commandery established by Later Zhou; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year sixteen Yinzhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Xinxiang was established at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had barrier offices. It formerly had Huojia County, abolished by Later Qi. Xiuwu was established by Later Wei, and Later Qi merged it into Huojia. In Kaihuang year sixteen Wuzhi was divided off and established, and at the beginning of Daye it was merged into Xiuwu. It also had Guangning Commandery of Eastern Wei, abolished by Later Zhou. Gongcheng was formerly called Gong and was abolished by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year six it was restored and called Gongcheng. It had Gong Mountain and Bailu Mountain. Changping Commandery was formerly called Jianzhou.

271

河內

Henei

272

溫

Wen

273

濟源

Jiyuan

274

安昌

Anchang

275

王屋

Wangwu

276

獲嘉

Huojia

277

新鄉

Xinxiang

278

修武

Xiuwu

279

共城長平郡長平郡舊曰建州。開皇初改為澤州。統縣六，戶五萬四千九百一十三。

Gongcheng. Changping Commandery. Changping Commandery was formerly called Jianzhou. Early in the Kaihuang era, it was changed to Zezhou The commandery governed 6 counties with a registered population of 54,913 households.

280

丹川舊曰高都。後齊置長平、高都二郡，後周並為高平郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年改為丹川，大業初置長平郡。有太行山。沁水舊置廣寧郡。後齊郡廢，縣改為永寧。開皇十八年改焉。有輔山。端氏後魏置安平郡，開皇初郡廢。有巨峻山、秦川水。濩澤有嶕嶢山，濩澤山。高平舊曰平高，齊末改焉，又並玄氏縣入焉。有關官。陵川開皇十六年置。上黨郡後周置潞州。

Danchuan was formerly called Gaodu. Later Qi established Changping and Gaodu commanderies, and Later Zhou combined them as Gaoping Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year eighteen the county was changed to Danchuan, and at the beginning of Daye Changping Commandery was established. It had Taihang Mountain. Qinshui formerly had Guangning Commandery established. Later Qi abolished the commandery, and the county was changed to Yongning. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed. It had Fu Mountain. Duanshi had Anping Commandery established by Later Wei, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had Jujun Mountain and the Qinchuan River. Huozhe had Jiaoyao Mountain and Huozhe Mountain. Gaoping was formerly called Pinggao; at the end of Qi it was changed, and Xuanshi County was also merged into it. It had barrier offices. Lingchuan was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Shangdang Commandery had Luzhou established by Later Zhou.

281

丹川

Danchuan

282

沁水

Qinshui

283

端氏

Duanshi

284

濩澤

Huze

285

高平

Gaoping

286

陵川上黨郡上黨郡後周置潞州。統縣十，戶十二萬五千五十七。

Lingchuan. Shangdang Commandery. Shangdang Commandery. Later Zhou established Luzhou. The commandery governed 10 counties with a registered population of 125,057 households.

287

上黨舊置上黨郡，開皇初郡廢。有壺關縣。大業初複置郡，廢壺關入焉。有羊頭山、抱犢山。長子後齊廢。開皇九年置，曰寄氏縣。十八年改為長子。舊有屯留、樂陽二縣，後齊廢。有濁漳水、堯水。潞城開皇十六年置。有黃阜山。屯留後齊廢，開皇十六年複。襄垣舊置襄垣郡，後齊郡廢。後周置韓州，大業初州廢。有鹿臺山。黎城後魏以潞縣被誅遺人置，十八年改名黎城。有積布山、松門嶺。涉後魏廢，開皇十八年複。有崇山。鄉石勒置武鄉郡，後魏去武字。開皇初郡廢，十六年分置榆社縣，大業初廢。又有後魏南垣州，尋改豐州，後周廢。銅鞮有舊涅縣，後魏改為陽城。開皇十八年改為甲水，大業初省入。有銅鞮水。沁源後魏置縣及義寧郡，開皇初廢。十六年置沁州。又義寧縣十八年改為和川。大業初州廢，又廢和川縣入。河東郡後魏曰秦州，後周改曰蒲州。

Shangdang formerly had Shangdang Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Huguan County. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was restored, and Huguan was abolished into it. It had Yangtou Mountain and Baodu Mountain. Zhangzi was abolished by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year nine it was established and called Jishi County; in year eighteen it was changed to Zhangzi. It formerly had Tunliu and Leyang counties, abolished by Later Qi. It had the Zhuozhang River and Yao River. Lucheng was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Huangfu Mountain. Tunliu was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. Xiangyuan formerly had Xiangyuan Commandery established; Later Qi abolished the commandery. Later Zhou established Hanzhou, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Lutai Mountain. Licheng was established by Later Wei using the surviving people of Lu County after its punishment; in year eighteen its name was changed to Licheng. It had Jibu Mountain and Songmen Ridge. She was abolished by Later Wei and restored in Kaihuang year eighteen. It had Chong Mountain. Xiang had Wuxiang Commandery established by Shi Le; Later Wei removed the character wu. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year sixteen Yushe County was divided off and established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished. It also had Southern Yuanzhou of Later Wei, soon changed to Fengzhou and abolished by Later Zhou. Tongdi had old Nie County, which Later Wei changed to Yangcheng. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed to Jiashui, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Tongdi. It had the Tongdi River. Qinyuan had a county and Yining Commandery established by Later Wei, both abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. In year sixteen Qinzhou was established. Also, Yining County was changed to Hechuan in year eighteen. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Hechuan County was also abolished into Qinyuan. Hedong Commandery was called Qinzhou by Later Wei, and Later Zhou changed it to Puzhou.

288

上黨

Shangdang

289

長子

Changzi

290

潞城

Lucheng

291

屯留

Tunliu

292

襄垣

Xiangyuan

293

黎城

Licheng

294

涉

She

295

鄉

Xiang

296

銅鞮

Tongdi

297

沁源河東郡河東郡後魏曰秦州，後周改曰蒲州。統縣十，戶十五萬七千七十八。

Tongdi. Hedong Commandery. Hedong Commandery. Later Wei called it Qinzhou; Later Zhou changed it to Puzhou. The commandery governed 10 counties with a registered population of 157,078 households.

298

河東舊曰蒲阪縣，置河東郡。開皇初郡廢，十六年析置河東縣。大業初置河東郡，並蒲阪入。有酒官。有首山。有媯、汭水。桑泉開皇十六年置。有三疑山。汾陰舊置汾陰郡，開皇初郡廢。有龍門山。龍門後魏置，並置龍門郡。開皇初郡廢。芮城舊置，曰安戎。後周改焉，又置永樂郡，後省入焉。有關官。安邑開皇十六年置虞州，大業初州廢。有鹽池、銀冶。夏舊置安邑郡，開皇初郡廢。有巫鹹山、稷山、虞阪。河北舊置河北郡，開皇初郡廢。有關官。有砥柱山。有傅岩。猗氏西魏改曰桑泉，後周複焉。虞鄉後魏曰安定，西魏改曰南解，又改曰綏化，又曰虞鄉。有石錐山、百梯山、百徑山。絳郡後魏置東雍州，後周改曰絳州。

Hedong was formerly called Puban County, where Hedong Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year sixteen Hedong County was divided off and established. At the beginning of Daye, Hedong Commandery was established and Puban was merged into it. It had wine offices. It had Shou Mountain and the Gui and Rui rivers. Sangquan was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Sanyi Mountain. Fenyin formerly had Fenyin Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Longmen Mountain. Longmen was established by Later Wei, and Longmen Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Ruicheng was formerly established and called Anrong. Later Zhou changed it, and also established Yongle Commandery, later abolishing it into Ruicheng. It had barrier offices. Anyi had Yuzhou established in Kaihuang year sixteen; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had salt ponds and silver smelteries. Xia formerly had Anyi Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Wuxian Mountain, Ji Mountain, and Yu Slope. Hebei formerly had Hebei Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had barrier offices. It had Dizhu Mountain and Fu Cliff. Yishi was changed by Western Wei to Sangquan, and Later Zhou restored the old name. Yuxiang was called Anding by Later Wei; Western Wei changed it to Nanjie, then changed it to Suihua, and again called it Yuxiang. It had Shizhui Mountain, Baiti Mountain, and Baijing Mountain. Jiang Commandery had Eastern Yongzhou established by Later Wei; Later Zhou changed it to Jiangzhou.

299

河東

Hedong

300

桑泉

Sangquan

301

汾陰

Fenyin

302

龍門

Longmen

303

芮城

Ruicheng

304

安邑

Anyi

305

夏

Xia

306

河北

Hebei

307

猗氏

Yishi

308

虞鄉絳郡絳郡後魏置東雍州，後周改曰絳州。統縣八，戶七萬一千八百七十六。

Yishi. Jiang Commandery. Jiang Commandery. Later Wei established Eastern Yongzhou; Later Zhou changed it to Jiangzhou. The commandery governed 8 counties with a registered population of 71,876 households.

309

正平舊曰臨汾，置正平郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改名焉。大業初置絳郡。又有後魏南絳郡，後周廢郡，又並南絳縣入小鄉縣。開皇十八年改曰汾東，大業初省入焉。翼城後魏置，曰北絳縣，並置北絳郡。後齊廢新安縣，並南絳郡入焉。開皇初郡廢，十八年改為翼城。有烏嶺山、東涇山。有澮水。絳舊置絳郡，開皇初郡廢。後周置晉州，建德五年廢。曲沃後周置，建德六年廢。有絳山、橋山。稷山后魏曰高涼，開皇十八年改焉。有後魏龍門郡，開皇初廢。又有後周勳州，置總管，後改曰絳州，開皇初移。聞喜有景山。有董澤陂。垣後魏置邵郡及白水縣。後周置邵州，改白水為亳城。開皇初郡廢。大業初州廢，縣改為垣縣，又省後魏所置清廉縣及後周所置蒲原縣入焉。有黑山。太平後魏置，後齊省臨汾縣入焉。有關官。文城郡東魏置南汾州，後周改為汾州，後齊為西汾州。

Zhengping was formerly called Linfen, where Zhengping Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. At the beginning of Daye, Jiang Commandery was established. It also had Southern Jiang Commandery of Later Wei; Later Zhou abolished the commandery and also merged Southern Jiang County into Xiaoxiang County. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed to Fendong, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Zhengping. Yicheng was established by Later Wei and called Northern Jiang County, and Northern Jiang Commandery was also established. Later Qi abolished Xin'an County and merged Southern Jiang Commandery into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen it was changed to Yicheng. It had Wuling Mountain and Dongjing Mountain. It had the Hui River. Jiang formerly had Jiang Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Later Zhou established Jinzhou, which was abolished in Jiande year five. Quwo was established by Later Zhou and abolished in Jiande year six. It had Jiang Mountain and Qiao Mountain. Jishan was called Gaoliang by Later Wei; in Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed. It had Later Wei's Longmen Commandery, abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It also had Xunzhou of Later Zhou, where an area commandant was established; later it was changed to Jiangzhou, and at the beginning of Kaihuang it was moved. Wenxi had Jing Mountain and Dongze Marsh. Yuan had Shao Commandery and Baishui County established by Later Wei. Later Zhou established Shaozhou and changed Baishui to Bocheng. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, the county was changed to Yuan County, and Qinglian County established by Later Wei and Puyuan County established by Later Zhou were also abolished into it. It had Hei Mountain. Taiping was established by Later Wei, and Later Qi abolished Linfen County into it. It had barrier offices. Wencheng Commandery had Southern Fenzhou established by Eastern Wei; Later Zhou changed it to Fenzhou, and Later Qi made it Western Fenzhou.

310

正平

Zhengping

311

翼城

Yicheng

312

絳

Jiang

313

曲沃

Quwo

314

稷山

Jishan

315

聞喜

Wenxi

316

垣後

Yuanhou

317

太平文城郡文城郡東魏置南汾州，後周改為汾州，後齊為西汾州。後周平齊，置總管府。開皇四年府廢，十六年改為耿州，後複為汾州。統縣四，戶二萬二千三百。

Yuanhou. Wencheng Commandery. Wencheng Commandery. Eastern Wei established Southern Fenzhou; Later Zhou changed it to Fenzhou; Northern Qi made it Western Fenzhou. When Later Zhou pacified Qi, a grand administrative office was established, as noted in the geography treatise. In the fourth year of Kaihuang, the office was abolished; in the sixteenth year it was changed to Gengzhou, afterward again restored as Fenzhou, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 22,300 households.

318

吉昌後魏曰定陽縣，並置定陽郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改名焉。大業初，置文城郡。有風山。文城後魏置。有石門山。伍城後魏置，曰刑軍縣，後改為伍城，後又置伍城郡。開皇初郡廢，又廢後魏平昌縣入焉。大業初又廢大寧縣入焉。昌甯後魏置，並內陽郡。開皇初郡廢。有壺口山，崿山。臨汾郡後魏置唐州，改曰晉州。

Jichang was called Dingyang County by Later Wei, and Dingyang Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. At the beginning of Daye, Wencheng Commandery was established. It had Feng Mountain. Wencheng was established by Later Wei. It had Shimen Mountain. Wucheng was established by Later Wei and called Xingjun County; later it was changed to Wucheng, and later still Wucheng Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Pingchang County of Later Wei was also abolished into it. At the beginning of Daye, Daning County was also abolished into it. Changning was established by Later Wei, together with Neiyang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Hukou Mountain and E Mountain. Linfen Commandery had Tangzhou established by Later Wei, later changed to Jinzhou.

319

吉昌

Jichang

320

文城

Wencheng

321

伍城

Wucheng

322

昌甯臨汾郡臨汾郡後魏置唐州，改曰晉州。後周置總管府，開皇初府廢。統縣七，戶七萬一千八百七十四。

Changning. Linfen Commandery. Linfen Commandery. Later Wei established Tangzhou, changed to Jinzhou. Later Zhou established a grand administrative office; at the beginning of Kaihuang the office was abolished, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 7 counties with a registered population of 71,874 households.

323

臨汾後魏曰平陽，並置平陽郡。開皇初改郡為平河，改縣為臨汾，尋郡廢。又有東魏西河、敷城、伍城、北伍城、定陽等五郡，後周廢為西河、定陽二郡。開皇初郡並廢。又有後魏永安縣，開皇初改為西河，大業初省。又有舊襄城縣，後齊省。有姑射山。襄陵後魏太武禽赫連昌，乃分置禽昌縣。齊並襄陵入禽昌縣。大業初又改為襄陵。冀氏後魏置冀氏郡，領冀氏、合陽二縣。後齊郡廢，又廢合陽入焉。楊霍邑後魏曰永安，並置永安郡。開皇初郡廢。十六年置汾州，十八年改為呂州，縣曰霍邑。大業初州廢。有霍山。有彘水。汾西後魏曰臨汾，並置汾西郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改為汾西。又有後周新城縣，開皇十年省入。岳陽後魏置，曰安澤。大業初改焉。龍泉郡後周置汾州。

Linfen was called Pingyang by Later Wei, and Pingyang Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was changed to Pinghe and the county to Linfen, and soon the commandery was abolished. It also had five commanderies of Eastern Wei: Xihe, Fucheng, Wucheng, Northern Wucheng, and Dingyang. Later Zhou abolished them and made Xihe and Dingyang commanderies. At the beginning of Kaihuang both commanderies were abolished. It also had Yong'an County of Later Wei, changed to Xihe at the beginning of Kaihuang and abolished at the beginning of Daye. It also had old Xiangcheng County, abolished by Later Qi. It had Gushe Mountain. Xiangling: after Emperor Taiwu of Later Wei captured Helian Chang, Qinchang County was divided off and established. Qi merged Xiangling into Qinchang County. At the beginning of Daye it was again changed to Xiangling. Jishi had Jishi Commandery established by Later Wei, governing Jishi and Heyang counties. Later Qi abolished the commandery and also abolished Heyang into it. Yang and Huoyi: Huoyi was called Yong'an by Later Wei, and Yong'an Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year sixteen Fenzhou was established; in year eighteen it was changed to Lüzhou, and the county was called Huoyi. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Huo Mountain and the Zhi River. Fenxi was called Linfen by Later Wei, and Fenxi Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year eighteen the county was changed to Fenxi. It also had Xincheng County of Later Zhou, which in Kaihuang year ten was abolished into it. Yueyang was established by Later Wei and called Anze. At the beginning of Daye it was changed. Longquan Commandery had Fenzhou established by Later Zhou.

324

臨汾

Linfen

325

襄陵

Xiangling

326

冀氏

Jishi

327

楊

Yang

328

霍邑

Huoyi

329

汾西

Fenxi

330

岳陽龍泉郡龍泉郡後周置汾州。開皇四年置西汾州總管，五年改為隰州總管。大業初府廢。統縣五，戶二萬五千八百三十。

Yueyang. Longquan Commandery. Longquan Commandery. Later Zhou established Fenzhou. During Kaihuang year fourth, the Western Fenzhou grand administrative office was established; in the fifth year it was changed to the Xizhou grand administrative office Early in the Daye era, the office was abolished The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 25,830 households.

331

隰川後周置縣，初曰長壽，又置龍泉郡。開皇初郡廢，縣改曰隰川。大業初置郡。永和後周置，曰臨河縣及臨河郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改名焉。有關官。樓山後周置，曰歸化。開皇十八年改名焉。有北石樓山，有孔山。石樓舊置吐京郡及吐京縣，開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改名。蒲後周置，有伍城郡及石城郡及石城縣，週末並廢。又有後魏平昌縣，開皇中改曰蒲川，大業初廢入焉。西河郡後魏置汾州，後齊置南朔州，後周改曰介州。

Xichuan had a county established by Later Zhou, first called Changshou, and Longquan Commandery was also established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Xichuan. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was established. Yonghe was established by Later Zhou as Linhe County and Linhe Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. It had barrier offices. Loushan was established by Later Zhou and called Guihua; in Kaihuang year eighteen its name was changed. It had Northern Shilou Mountain and Kong Mountain. Shilou formerly had Tujing Commandery and Tujing County established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. Pu was established by Later Zhou; it had Wucheng Commandery, Shicheng Commandery, and Shicheng County, all abolished at the end of Zhou. It also had Pingchang County of Later Wei, changed during Kaihuang to Puchuan and abolished into Pu at the beginning of Daye. Xihe Commandery had Fenzhou established by Later Wei; Later Qi established Southern Shuozhou; Later Zhou changed it to Jiezhou.

332

隰川

Xichuan

333

永和

Yonghe

334

樓山

Loushan

335

石樓

Shilou

336

蒲西河郡西河郡後魏置汾州，後齊置南朔州，後周改曰介州。統縣六，戶六萬七千三百五十一。

Puxi. Xihe Commandery. Xihe Commandery. Later Wei established Fenzhou; Northern Qi established Southern Shuozhou; Later Zhou changed it to Jiezhou. The commandery governed 6 counties with a registered population of 67,351 households.

337

隰城舊置西河郡，開皇初郡廢，大業初複。有隱泉山。介休後魏置定陽郡、平昌縣。後周改郡曰介休，以介休縣入焉。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改曰介休。永安有雀鼠穀。平遙開皇十六年析置清世縣，大業初廢入焉。又後魏置蔚州，後周廢。有鹿臺山。靈石開皇十年置。有介山，有靖岩山。綿上開皇十六年置。有沁水。離石郡後齊置西汾州，後周改為石州。

Xicheng formerly had Xihe Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was restored. It had Yinquan Mountain. Jiexiu had Dingyang Commandery and Pingchang County established by Later Wei. Later Zhou changed the commandery to Jiexiu and merged Jiexiu County into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county was changed to Jiexiu. Yong'an had Queshu Valley. Pingyao had Qingshi County divided off and established in Kaihuang year sixteen; at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Pingyao. Later Wei also established Weizhou, which Later Zhou abolished. It had Lutai Mountain. Lingshi was established in Kaihuang year ten. It had Jie Mountain and Jingyan Mountain. Mianshang was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had the Qin River. Lishi Commandery had Western Fenzhou established by Later Qi; Later Zhou changed it to Shizhou.

338

隰城

Xicheng

339

介休

Jiexiu

340

永安

Yong'an

341

平遙

Pingyao

342

靈石

Lingshi

343

綿上離石郡離石郡後齊置西汾州，後周改為石州。統縣五，戶二萬四千八十一。

Mianshang. Lishi Commandery. Lishi Commandery. Northern Qi established Western Fenzhou; Later Zhou changed it to Shizhou. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 24,081 households.

344

離石後齊曰昌化縣，置懷政郡。後周改曰離石郡及縣，又置寧鄉縣。開皇初郡廢。大業初置郡，並寧鄉入焉。修化後周置，曰窟胡，並置窟胡郡。開皇初郡廢，後縣改為修化。又後周置盧山縣，大業初併入焉。有伏盧山。定胡後周置，及置定胡郡。開皇初郡廢。有關官。平夷後周置。太和後周置，曰烏突，及置烏突郡。開皇初郡廢，縣尋改焉。有湫水。雁門郡後周置肆州。開皇五年改為代州，置總管府。

Lishi was called Changhua County by Later Qi, and Huaizheng Commandery was established there. Later Zhou changed it to Lishi Commandery and Lishi County, and also established Ningxiang County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was established, and Ningxiang was merged into it. Xiuhua was established by Later Zhou and called Kuhu, and Kuhu Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and later the county was changed to Xiuhua. Later Zhou also established Lushan County, which at the beginning of Daye was merged into Xiuhua. It had Fulu Mountain. Dinghu was established by Later Zhou, and Dinghu Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had barrier offices. Pingyi was established by Later Zhou. Taihe was established by Later Zhou, called Wutu, and Wutu Commandery was established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and the county was soon changed. It had Qiu River. Yanmen Commandery had Sizhou established by Later Zhou. In Kaihuang year five it was changed to Daizhou, and an area commandant's office was established.

345

離石

Lishi

346

修化

Xiuhua

347

定胡

Dinghu

348

平夷

Pingyi

349

太和雁門郡雁門郡後周置肆州。改為代州，置總管府。大業初府廢。統縣五，戶四萬二千五百二。

Taihe. Yanmen Commandery. Yanmen Commandery. Later Zhou established Sizhou. It was changed to Daizhou and a grand administrative office was established, as noted in the geography treatise. Early in the Daye era, the office was abolished The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 42,502 households.

350

雁門舊曰廣武，置雁門郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年改曰雁門。大業初置雁門郡。有關官。有長城。有摐頭山，有夏屋山。繁畤後魏置，並置繁畤郡。後周郡縣並廢。開皇十八年復置縣。有東魏武州及吐京、齊、新安三郡，寄在城中。後齊改為北靈州，尋廢。有長城、滹沱水、泒水、唐山。崞後魏置，曰石城縣。東魏置廓州。有廣安、永定、建安三郡，寄山城。後齊廢郡。改為北顯州。後周廢。開皇十年改縣曰平寇。大業初改為崞縣。又有雲中城，東魏僑置恆州，尋廢。有無京山、崞山。有土城。五台舊曰慮虒，久廢。後魏置，曰驢夷。大業初改焉。有五臺山。靈丘後魏置靈丘郡，後齊省莎泉縣入焉。後周置蔚州，又立大昌縣。開皇初郡廢，縣併入焉。大業初州廢。馬邑郡舊置朔州。

Yanmen was formerly called Guangwu, where Yanmen Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen it was changed to Yanmen. At the beginning of Daye, Yanmen Commandery was established. It had barrier offices and the Great Wall. It had Congtou Mountain and Xiawu Mountain. Fanshi was established by Later Wei, and Fanshi Commandery was also established. Later Zhou abolished both commandery and county. In Kaihuang year eighteen the county was restored. It had Eastern Wei's Wuzhou and Tujing, Qi, and Xin'an commanderies, lodged in the city. Later Qi changed it to Northern Lingzhou, soon abolished. It had the Great Wall, the Hutuo River, the Gu River, and Tang Mountain. Guo was established by Later Wei and called Shicheng County. Eastern Wei established Kuozhou. Guang'an, Yongding, and Jian'an commanderies were lodged at the mountain city. Later Qi abolished the commanderies and changed it to Northern Xianzhou. Later Zhou abolished it. In Kaihuang year ten the county was changed to Pingkou. At the beginning of Daye it was changed to Guo County. It also had Yunzhong City, where Eastern Wei established Hengzhou in exile, soon abolished. It had Wujing Mountain and Guo Mountain. It had Tucheng. Wutai was formerly called Luyi and had long been abolished. Later Wei established it and called it Luyi. At the beginning of Daye it was changed. It had Wutai Mountain. Lingqiu had Lingqiu Commandery established by Later Wei; Later Qi abolished Shaquan County into it. Later Zhou established Weizhou and also set up Dachang County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was merged into Lingqiu. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Mayi Commandery formerly had Shuozhou established.

351

雁門

Yanmen

352

繁畤

Fanzhi

353

崞

Guo

354

五台

Wutai

355

靈丘馬邑郡馬邑郡舊置朔州。開皇初置總管府，大業初府廢。統縣四，戶四千六百七十四。

Under Lingqiu. Mayi Commandery, Mayi Commandery had formerly had Shuozhou established. Early in the Kaihuang era, a grand administrative office was established; at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 4,674 households.

356

善陽後齊置，縣曰招遠，郡曰廣安。開皇初郡廢。大業初縣改曰善陽，置代郡，尋曰馬邑。又有後魏桑乾郡，後齊以置朔州及廣寧郡。後周郡廢，大業初州廢。神武後魏置神武郡，後齊改曰太平，後周罷郡。有桑乾水。雲內後魏立平齊郡，尋廢。後齊改曰太平縣，後周改曰雲中，開皇初改曰雲內。有後魏都，置司州，又有後齊安遠、臨塞、威遠、臨陽等郡屬北恆州，後周並廢。有純真山、白登山、武周山。有濕水。開陽舊曰長寧，後齊置齊德、長寧二郡。後周廢齊德郡。開皇初郡廢，十九年縣改曰開陽。定襄郡開皇五年置雲州總管府，大業元年府廢。

Shanyang was established by Later Qi; the county was called Zhaoyuan and the commandery Guang'an. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the county was changed to Shanyang, Dai Commandery was established, and soon it was called Mayi. It also had Sanggan Commandery of Later Wei; Later Qi used it to establish Shuozhou and Guangning Commandery. Later Zhou abolished the commandery, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Shenwu had Shenwu Commandery established by Later Wei; Later Qi changed it to Taiping, and Later Zhou abolished the commandery. It had the Sanggan River. Yunnei had Pingqi Commandery established by Later Wei, soon abolished. Later Qi changed it to Taiping County; Later Zhou changed it to Yunzhong; at the beginning of Kaihuang it was changed to Yunnei. It had the capital of Later Wei, where Sizhou was established, and also had Anyuan, Linsai, Weiyuan, and Linyang commanderies of Later Qi belonging to Northern Hengzhou; Later Zhou abolished all of them. It had Chunzhen Mountain, Baideng Mountain, and Wuzhou Mountain. It had the Shi River. Kaiyang was formerly called Changning. Later Qi established Qide and Changning commanderies. Later Zhou abolished Qide Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year nineteen the county was changed to Kaiyang. Dingxiang Commandery had the Yunzhou area commandant's office established in Kaihuang year five; in Daye year one the office was abolished.

357

善陽

Shanyang

358

神武

Shenwu

359

雲內

Yunnei

360

開陽定襄郡定襄郡開皇五年置雲州總管府，大業元年府廢。統縣一，戶三百七十四。

Kaiyang. Dingxiang Commandery. Dingxiang Commandery. in the fifth year of Kaihuang the Yunzhou grand administrative office was established; in the first year of Daye the office was abolished. It had jurisdiction over one county with 374 households.

361

大利大業初置，帶郡。有長城。有陰山。有紫河。樓煩郡大業四年置。統縣三，戶二萬四千四百二十七。

Dali was established at the beginning of Daye and carried the commandery. It had the Great Wall, Yin Mountain, and the Zi River. Loufan Commandery was established in Daye year four. The commandery governed 3 counties with a registered population of 24,427 households.

362

靜樂舊曰岢嵐。開皇十八年改為汾源，大業四年改焉。有長城。有汾陽宮。有關官。有管涔山、天池、汾水。臨泉後齊置，曰蔚汾。大業四年改焉。秀容舊置肆州，後齊又置平寇縣。後周州徙雁門。開皇初置新興郡、銅川縣。郡尋廢。十年廢平寇縣。十八年置忻州，大業初州廢，又廢銅川。有程侯山、系舟山。有嵐水。太原郡後齊并州，置省，立別宮。

Jingle was formerly called Kelan. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed to Fenyuan, and in Daye year four it was changed again. It had the Great Wall, Fenyang Palace, and barrier offices. It had Guancen Mountain, Heaven Pool, and the Fen River. Linquan was established by Later Qi and called Weifen. In Daye year four it was changed. Xiurong formerly had Sizhou established; Later Qi also established Pingkou County. Later Zhou moved the province to Yanmen. At the beginning of Kaihuang, Xinxing Commandery and Tongchuan County were established. The commandery was soon abolished. In year ten Pingkou County was abolished. In year eighteen Xinzhou was established; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Tongchuan was also abolished. It had Chenghou Mountain and Xizhou Mountain. It had the Lan River. Taiyuan Commandery: Later Qi had Bingzhou there, established a bureau, and set up a detached palace.

363

靜樂

Jingle

364

臨泉

Linquan

365

秀容太原郡太原郡後齊并州，置省，立別宮。後周置并州六府，後置總管，廢六府。開皇二年置河北道行台，九年改為總管府，大業初府廢。統縣十五，戶十七萬五千三。

Xiurong. Taiyuan Commandery. Taiyuan Commandery. Northern Qi made it Bingzhou, established a provincial office, and built a separate palace. Later Zhou established the six offices of Bingzhou, afterward established a grand administrator and abolished the six offices, as noted in the geography treatise. In the second year of Kaihuang, the Hebei Circuit field headquarters was established; in the ninth year it was changed to a grand administrative office; at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 15 counties with a registered population of 175,003 households.

366

晉陽後齊置，曰龍山。帶太原郡。開皇初郡廢，十年改縣曰晉陽，十六年又置清源縣，大業初省入焉。有龍山、蒙山。太原舊曰晉陽，帶郡。開皇十年分置陽真縣，大業初省入焉。有晉陽宮。有晉水。交城開皇十六年置。汾陽舊曰陽曲。開皇六年改為陽直，十六年又改名焉，復分置孟縣，大業初廢。有摩笄山。文水舊曰受陽，開皇十年改焉。有文水、泌水。祁後齊廢，開皇中復。壽陽開皇十年改州南受陽縣為文水，分州東故壽陽置壽陽。有甗岩。榆次後齊曰中都，開皇中改焉。太谷舊曰陽邑，開皇十八年改焉。樂平舊置樂平郡，開皇初廢郡。十六年分置遼州及東山縣，大業初廢州及東山縣。有皋洛山。有清漳水。和順舊曰梁榆，開皇十年改。有九京山。遼山後魏曰遼陽，後齊省。開皇十年置，改名焉。十六年屬遼州，並置交漳縣。大業初廢州，並罷交漳入焉。有萁轑水。平城開皇十六年置。有塗水。石艾有蒙山。孟開皇十六年置，曰原仇，大業初改焉。有白鹿山。襄國郡開皇十六年置邢州。

Jinyang was established by Later Qi and called Longshan. It carried Taiyuan Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year ten the county was changed to Jinyang, and in year sixteen Qingyuan County was also established; at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Jinyang. It had Long Mountain and Meng Mountain. Taiyuan was formerly called Jinyang and carried a commandery. In Kaihuang year ten Yangzhen County was divided off and established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Taiyuan. It had Jinyang Palace and the Jin River. Jiaocheng was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Fenyang was formerly called Yangqu. In Kaihuang year six it was changed to Yangzhi, and in year sixteen its name was changed again; Meng County was again divided off and established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished. It had Moji Mountain. Wenshui was formerly called Shouyang; in Kaihuang year ten it was changed. It had the Wenshui and Bi rivers. Qi was abolished by Later Qi and restored during Kaihuang. Shouyang: in Kaihuang year ten, Shouyang County south of the province was changed to Wenshui, and old Shouyang east of the province was divided off to establish Shouyang. It had Yan Cliff. Yuci was called Zhongdu by Later Qi, and during Kaihuang it was changed. Taigu was formerly called Yangyi; in Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed. Leping formerly had Leping Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year sixteen Liaozhou and Dongshan County were divided off and established; at the beginning of Daye the province and Dongshan County were abolished. It had Gaoluo Mountain and the Qingzhang River. Heshun was formerly called Liangyu; in Kaihuang year ten it was changed. It had Jiujing Mountain. Liaoshan was called Liaoyang by Later Wei and was abolished by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year ten it was established and its name was changed. In year sixteen it belonged to Liaozhou, and Jiaozhang County was also established. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Jiaozhang was also discontinued and merged into it. It had the Qiliao River. Pingcheng was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had the Tu River. Shi'ai had Meng Mountain. Meng was established in Kaihuang year sixteen and called Yuanqiu; at the beginning of Daye it was changed. It had Bailu Mountain. Xiangguo Commandery had Xingzhou established in Kaihuang year sixteen.

367

晉陽

Jinyang

368

太原

Taiyuan

369

交城

Jiaocheng

370

汾陽

Fenyang

371

文水

Wenshui

372

祁

Qi

373

壽陽

Shouyang

374

榆次

Yuci

375

太谷

Taigu

376

樂平

Leping

377

和順

Heshun

378

遼山

Liaoshan

379

平城

Pingcheng

380

孟襄國郡襄國郡開皇十六年置邢州。統縣七，戶十萬五千八百七十三。

Meng. Xiangguo Commandery. Xiangguo Commandery. in the sixteenth year of Kaihuang, Xingzhou was established. The commandery governed 7 counties with a registered population of 105,873 households.

381

龍岡舊曰襄國，開皇九年改名焉。十六年又置青山縣，大業初省入焉。有黑山。有干水。南和舊置北廣平郡，後齊省入廣平郡，後周分置南和郡。開皇初郡廢，十六年置任縣，大業初廢入。平鄉沙河開皇十六置。有罄山。钜鹿後齊廢，開皇六年置南䜌縣，後廢入焉。內丘有干言山。柏仁有鵲山。武安郡後周置洛州。

Longgang was formerly called Xiangguo; in Kaihuang year nine its name was changed. In year sixteen Qingshan County was also established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Longgang. It had Hei Mountain and the Gan River. Nanhe formerly had Northern Guangping Commandery established; Later Qi abolished it into Guangping Commandery, and Later Zhou divided off and established Nanhe Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year sixteen Ren County was established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Nanhe. Pingxiang and Shahe: Shahe was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Qing Mountain. Julu was abolished by Later Qi; in Kaihuang year six Nanluan County was established, and later it was abolished into Julu. Neiqiu had Ganyan Mountain. Bairen had Que Mountain. Wu'an Commandery had Luozhou established by Later Zhou.

382

龍岡

Longgang

383

南和

Nanhe

384

平鄉

Pingxiang

385

沙河

Shahe

386

钜鹿

Julu

387

內丘

Neiqiu

388

柏仁武安郡武安郡後周置洛州。統縣八，戶十一萬八千五百九十五。

Baoren. Wu'an Commandery. Wu'an Commandery. Later Zhou established Luozhou. The commandery governed 8 counties with a registered population of 118,595 households.

389

永年舊曰廣平，置廣平郡，後齊廢北廣平郡及曲梁、廣平二縣入。開皇初郡廢，復置廣平，後改曰雞澤。仁壽元年改廣平為永年。大業初置武安郡，又並雞澤縣入。肥鄉東魏省，開皇十年復。清漳開皇十六年置。平恩洺水舊曰斥漳，後齊省入平恩。開皇六年分置曲周，大業初廢入焉。武安開皇十年分置陽邑縣，大業初廢入焉。有榆溪，有閼與山，有浸水。邯鄲東魏廢。開皇十六年復置陟鄉，大業初省入焉。臨洺舊曰易陽。後齊廢入襄國縣，置襄國郡。後周改為易陽縣，別置襄國縣。開皇六年改易陽為邯鄲，十年改邯鄲為臨洺。開皇初郡廢。有紫山、狗山、塔山。趙郡開皇十六年置欒州，大業三年改為趙州。

Yongnian was formerly called Guangping, where Guangping Commandery was established; Later Qi abolished Northern Guangping Commandery and Quliang and Guangping counties into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and Guangping was restored; later it was changed to Jize. In Renshou year one Guangping was changed to Yongnian. At the beginning of Daye, Wu'an Commandery was established, and Jize County was also merged into it. Feixiang was abolished by Eastern Wei and restored in Kaihuang year ten. Qingzhang was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Ping'en and Mingshui: Mingshui was formerly called Chizhang, and Later Qi abolished it into Ping'en. In Kaihuang year six Quzhou was divided off and established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Ping'en. Wu'an had Yangyi County divided off and established in Kaihuang year ten; at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Wu'an. It had Yu Creek, Eyu Mountain, and Qin River. Handan was abolished by Eastern Wei. In Kaihuang year sixteen Zhixiang was restored, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Handan. Linming was formerly called Yiyang. Later Qi abolished it into Xiangguo County and established Xiangguo Commandery. Later Zhou changed it to Yiyang County and separately established Xiangguo County. In Kaihuang year six Yiyang was changed to Handan; in year ten Handan was changed to Linming. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Zi Mountain, Gou Mountain, and Ta Mountain. Zhao Commandery had Luanzhou established in Kaihuang year sixteen; in Daye year three it was changed to Zhaozhou.

390

永年

Yongnian

391

肥鄉

Feixiang

392

清漳

Qingzhang

393

平恩

Ping'en

394

洺水

Mingshui

395

武安

Wu'an

396

邯鄲

Handan

397

臨洺趙郡趙郡開皇十六年置欒州，改為趙州。統縣十一，戶十四萬八千一百五十六。

Linming. Zhao Commandery. Zhao Commandery. in the sixteenth year of Kaihuang, Luanzhou was established and changed to Zhaozhou. The commandery governed 11 counties with a registered population of 148,156 households.

398

平棘舊置趙郡，開皇初省。有宋子縣，後齊廢。大業初置趙郡，廢宋子縣入焉。高邑贊皇開皇十六年置。有孔子嶺，有白溝。元氏舊縣，後齊廢，開皇六年置。大業初置趙郡，廢宋子縣入焉。癭陶舊曰癭遙，開皇六年改為「陶」。欒城舊縣，後齊廢，開皇十六年復。大陸舊曰廣阿，置殷州及南鉅鹿郡。後改為南趙郡，改州為趙州。開皇十六年分置欒州，仁壽元年改為象城。大業初州廢，縣改為大陸。又開皇十六年所置大陸縣，亦廢入焉。栢鄉開皇十六年置。有𡺟𡺱山。房子舊縣，後齊省，開皇六年復。有贊皇山。有彭水。稾城後齊廢下曲陽入焉。改為高城縣，置鉅鹿郡。開皇初郡廢。十年置廉州，十八年改為稾城縣，大業初州廢。又開皇十六年置栢鄉縣，亦廢入焉。鼓城舊曰曲陽，後齊廢。開皇十六年分置昔陽縣，十八年改為鼓城。十六年又置廉平縣，大業初併入。恆山郡後周置恆州。

Pingji formerly had Zhao Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang it was abolished. It had Songzi County, abolished by Later Qi. At the beginning of Daye, Zhao Commandery was established, and Songzi County was abolished into it. Gaoyi and Zanhuang: Zanhuang was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Kongzi Ridge and Bai Ditch. Yuanshi was an old county, abolished by Later Qi and established in Kaihuang year six. At the beginning of Daye, Zhao Commandery was established, and Songzi County was abolished into it. Yingtao was formerly called Yingyao; in Kaihuang year six it was changed to "Tao". Luancheng was an old county, abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. Dalu was formerly called Guang'e, where Yinzhou and Southern Julu Commandery were established. Later it was changed to Southern Zhao Commandery, and the province was changed to Zhaozhou. In Kaihuang year sixteen Luanzhou was divided off and established; in Renshou year one it was changed to Xiangcheng. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and the county was changed to Dalu. Dalu County, established in Kaihuang year sixteen, was also abolished into it. Baixiang was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Miao'ao Mountain. Fangzi was an old county, abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year six. It had Zanhuang Mountain and the Peng River. Gaocheng had Xiaquyang abolished into it by Later Qi. It was changed to Gaocheng County, and Julu Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year ten Lianzhou was established; in year eighteen it was changed to Gaocheng County, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Baixiang County, established in Kaihuang year sixteen, was also abolished into it. Gucheng was formerly called Quyang and was abolished by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year sixteen Xiyang County was divided off and established; in year eighteen it was changed to Gucheng. In year sixteen Lianping County was also established, and at the beginning of Daye it was merged into Gucheng. Hengshan Commandery had Hengzhou established by Later Zhou.

399

平棘

Pingji

400

高邑

Gaoyi

401

贊皇

Zhuanghuang

402

元氏

Yuanshi

403

癭陶

Yingtao

404

欒城

Luancheng

405

大陸

Dalu

406

栢鄉

Baixiang

407

房子

Fangzi

408

稾城

Gaocheng

409

鼓城恆山郡恆山郡後周置恆州。統縣八，戶十七萬七千五百七十一。

Gucheng. Hengshan Commandery. Hengshan Commandery. Later Zhou established Hengzhou. The commandery governed 8 counties with a registered population of 177,571 households.

410

真定舊置常山郡，開皇初郡廢。十六年分置常山縣。大業初置恆山郡，省常山入焉。滋陽開皇六年置。十六年又置玉亭縣，大業初省入焉。有大茂山、歲山。行唐石邑舊縣，後齊改曰井陘，開皇六年改焉。十六年析置鹿泉縣，大業初併入。有封龍山、抱犢山。九門後齊廢，開皇六年復。大業初，又並新市縣入焉。有許春壘。井陘後齊廢石邑，以置井陘。開皇六年復石邑縣，分置井陘。十六年于井陘置井州，及置葦澤縣。大業初廢州，並廢葦澤縣及蒲吾縣入焉。房山開皇十六年置。靈壽後周置蒲吾郡，開皇初郡廢。博陵郡舊置定州。

Zhending formerly had Changshan Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year sixteen Changshan County was divided off and established. At the beginning of Daye, Hengshan Commandery was established, and Changshan was abolished into it. Ziyang was established in Kaihuang year six. In year sixteen Yuting County was also established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Ziyang. It had Damao Mountain and Sui Mountain. Xingtang and Shiyi: Shiyi was an old county; Later Qi changed it to Jingxing, and in Kaihuang year six it was changed. In year sixteen Luquan County was divided off and established, and at the beginning of Daye it was merged into Shiyi. It had Fenglong Mountain and Baodu Mountain. Jiumen was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year six. At the beginning of Daye, Xinshi County was also merged into it. It had Xuchun Fort. Jingxing: Later Qi abolished Shiyi and used it to establish Jingxing. In Kaihuang year six Shiyi County was restored and Jingxing was divided off and established. In year sixteen Jingzhou was established at Jingxing, and Weize County was established. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Weize County and Puwu County were also abolished into it. Fangshan was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Lingshou had Puwu Commandery established by Later Zhou; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Boling Commandery formerly had Dingzhou established there.

411

真定

Zhengding

412

滋陽

Ziyang

413

行唐

Xingtang

414

石邑

Shiyi

415

九門

Jiumen

416

井陘

Jingxing

417

房山

Fangshan

418

靈壽博陵郡博陵郡舊置定州。後周置總管府，尋罷。統縣十，戶十萬二千八百一十七。

Under Lingshou. Boling Commandery, Boling Commandery had formerly had Dingzhou established. Later Zhou established a grand administrative office, which was soon abolished, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 10 counties with a registered population of 102,817 households.

419

鮮虞舊曰盧奴，置鮮虞郡。後齊廢盧奴入安喜。開皇初廢郡，以置鮮虞縣。大業初置博陵郡，又廢安喜入焉。有盧水。北平舊置北平郡。後齊郡廢，又並望都、蒲陰二縣來入。開皇六年又置望都，大業初又廢。有都山、伊祁山。有濡水。唐舊縣，後齊廢，開皇十六年復。有堯山、郎山、中山。恆陽舊曰上曲陽，後齊去上字。開皇六年改為石邑，七年改曰恆陽。有恆山，有恆陽溪，有范水。新樂開皇十六年置。有黃山。隋昌後魏曰魏昌，後齊廢。開皇十六年復，仍改焉。毋極義豐開皇六年置。舊有安國縣，後齊廢。深澤後齊廢，開皇六年復。安平後齊置博陵郡，開皇初廢。十六年置深州，大業初州廢。河間郡舊置瀛州。

Xianyu was formerly called Lunu, where Xianyu Commandery was established. Later Qi abolished Lunu into Anxi. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Xianyu County was established from it. At the beginning of Daye, Boling Commandery was established, and Anxi was also abolished into it. It had the Lu River. Beiping formerly had Beiping Commandery established. Later Qi abolished the commandery and also merged Wangdu and Puyin counties into it. In Kaihuang year six Wangdu was again established, and at the beginning of Daye it was again abolished. It had Du Mountain and Yiqi Mountain. It had the Ru River. Tang was an old county, abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Yao Mountain, Lang Mountain, and Zhong Mountain. Hengyang was formerly called Shangquyang; Later Qi removed the shang character. In Kaihuang year six it was changed to Shiyi, and in year seven it was changed to Hengyang. It had Heng Mountain, Hengyang Creek, and Fan River. Xinle was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Huang Mountain. Suichang was called Weichang by Later Wei and was abolished by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year sixteen it was restored and renamed. Wuji and Yifeng: Yifeng was established in Kaihuang year six. It formerly had Anguo County, abolished by Later Qi. Shenze was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year six. Anping had Boling Commandery established by Later Qi, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. In year sixteen Shenzhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Hejian Commandery formerly had Yingzhou established there.

420

鮮虞

Xianyu

421

北平

Beiping

422

唐

Tang

423

恆陽

Hengyang

424

新樂

Xinle

425

隋昌

Suichang

426

毋極

Wuji

427

義豐

Yifeng

428

深澤

Shenze

429

安平河間郡河間郡舊置瀛州。統縣十三，戶十七萬三千八百八十三。

Under Shenze. Hejian Commandery, Hejian Commandery had formerly had Yingzhou established. The commandery governed 13 counties with a registered population of 173,883 households.

430

河間舊置河間郡，開皇初郡廢。大業初復置郡，並武垣縣入焉。文安有狐狸澱。樂壽舊曰樂城，開皇十八年改為廣城，仁壽初改焉。束城舊曰束州，後齊廢。開皇十六年置，後改名焉。景城舊曰成平，開皇十八年改焉。高陽舊置高陽郡，開皇初郡廢。十六年置蒲州，大業初州廢，並任丘縣入焉。鄚有易城縣，後齊廢。開皇中置永寧縣，大業初廢入焉。博野舊曰博陸，後魏改為博野，後齊廢蠡吾縣入焉。有君子澱。清苑舊曰樂鄉。後齊省樊興、北新城、清苑、樂鄉入永寧，改名焉。開皇十八年改為清苑。長蘆開皇初置，並立漳河郡，郡尋廢。十六年置景州，大業初州廢。平舒舊置章武郡，開皇初廢。魯城開皇十六年置。饒陽開皇十六年分置安平、蕪蔞二縣，大業初省入焉。涿郡舊置幽州，後齊置東北道行台。

Hejian formerly had Hejian Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was restored, and Wuyuan County was merged into it. Wen'an had Huli Marsh. Leshou was formerly called Lecheng; in Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed to Guangcheng, and at the beginning of Renshou it was changed. Shucheng was formerly called Shuzhou and was abolished by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year sixteen it was established, and later its name was changed. Jingcheng was formerly called Chengping; in Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed. Gaoyang formerly had Gaoyang Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year sixteen Puzhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished and Renqiu County was merged into it. Mo had Yicheng County, abolished by Later Qi. During Kaihuang Yongning County was established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Mo. Boye was formerly called Bolu; Later Wei changed it to Boye, and Later Qi abolished Liwu County into it. It had Junzi Marsh. Qingyuan was formerly called Lexiang. Later Qi abolished Fanxing, Northern Xincheng, Qingyuan, and Lexiang into Yongning and changed the name. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed to Qingyuan. Changlu was established at the beginning of Kaihuang, and Zhanghe Commandery was established there; the commandery was soon abolished. In year sixteen Jingzhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Pingshu formerly had Zhangwu Commandery established, abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Lucheng was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. Raoyang had Anping and Wulou counties divided off and established in Kaihuang year sixteen; at the beginning of Daye they were abolished into it. Zhuo Commandery formerly had Youzhou established; Later Qi established the Northeast Circuit Branch Secretariat.

431

河間

Hejian

432

文安

Wen'an

433

樂壽

Leshou

434

束城

Shucheng

435

景城

Jingcheng

436

高陽

Gaoyang

437

鄚

Mao

438

博野

Boye

439

清苑

Qingyuan

440

長蘆

Changlu

441

平舒

Pingshu

442

魯城

Lucheng

443

饒陽涿郡涿郡舊置幽州，後齊置東北道行台。後周平齊，改置總管府。大業初府廢。統縣九，戶八萬四千五十九。

Under Raoyang. Zhuo Commandery, Zhuo Commandery had formerly had Youzhou established; Northern Qi established the Northeast Circuit field headquarters. When Later Zhou pacified Qi, a grand administrative office was established, as noted in the geography treatise. Early in the Daye era, the office was abolished The commandery governed 9 counties with a registered population of 84,059 households.

444

薊舊置燕郡，開皇初廢，大業初置涿郡。良鄉安次涿舊置范陽郡，開皇初郡廢。固安舊曰故安，開皇六年改焉。雍奴昌平舊置東燕州及平昌郡。後周州郡並廢，後又置平昌郡。開皇初郡廢，又省萬年縣入焉。有關官。有長城。懷戎後齊置北燕州，領長寧、永豐二郡。後周去北字。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢。有喬山，歷陽山，大、小翮山。有漷水、鳷水、涿水、阪泉水。潞舊置漁陽郡，開皇初廢。上谷郡開皇元年置易州。

Ji formerly had Yan Commandery established, abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang; at the beginning of Daye, Zhuo Commandery was established. Liangxiang, Anci, and Zhuo: Zhuo formerly had Fanyang Commandery established, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Gu'an was formerly called Gu'an with the alternate spelling; in Kaihuang year six it was changed. Yongnu and Changping: Changping formerly had Eastern Yanzhou and Pingchang Commandery established. Later Zhou abolished both province and commandery, and later again established Pingchang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Wannian County was also abolished into it. It had barrier offices and the Great Wall. Huairong had Northern Yanzhou established by Later Qi, governing Changning and Yongfeng commanderies. Later Zhou removed the word Northern. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Qiao Mountain, Liyang Mountain, and the Great and Lesser He mountains. It had the Guo River, Zhi River, Zhuo River, and Banquan River. Lu formerly had Yuyang Commandery established, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Shanggu Commandery had Yizhou established in Kaihuang year one.

445

薊

Ji

446

良鄉

Liangxiang

447

安次

Anci

448

涿

Zhuo

449

固安

Gu'an

450

雍奴

Yongnu

451

昌平

Changping

452

懷戎

Huairou

453

潞上谷郡上谷郡置易州。統縣六，戶三萬八千七百。

Lu. Shanggu Commandery. Shanggu Commandery had Yizhou established. The commandery governed 6 counties with a registered population of 38,700 households.

454

易開皇初置黎郡，尋廢。十六年置縣。大業初置上谷郡。舊有故安縣，後齊廢。有駁牛山、五回嶺。有易水、徐水。淶水舊曰遒縣，後周廢。開皇元年，以范陽為遒，更置范陽於此。六年改為固安，八年廢。十年又置，為永陽。十八年改為淶水。遒舊范陽居此，俗號小范陽。開皇初改為遒。遂城舊曰武遂。後魏置南營州，准營州置五郡十一縣：龍城、廣興、定荒屬昌黎郡；石城、廣都屬建德郡；襄平、新昌屬遼東郡；永樂屬樂浪郡；富平、帶方、永安屬營丘郡。後齊唯留昌黎一郡，領永樂、新昌二縣，餘並省。開皇元年州移，三年郡廢，十八年改為遂城。有龍山。永樂舊曰北平，後周改名焉。有郎山。飛狐後周置，曰廣昌。仁壽初改焉。有栗山。有巨馬河。漁陽郡開皇六年徙玄州于此，並立總管府。

Yi had Li Commandery established at the beginning of Kaihuang, soon abolished. In year sixteen the county was established. At the beginning of Daye, Shanggu Commandery was established. It formerly had Gu'an County, abolished by Later Qi. It had Boniu Mountain and Wuhui Ridge. It had the Yi River and Xu River. Laishui was formerly called Qiu County and was abolished by Later Zhou. In Kaihuang year one, Fanyang was made Qiu, and Fanyang was newly established here. In year six it was changed to Gu'an, in year eight abolished, in year ten established again as Yongyang, and in year eighteen changed to Laishui. Qiu: old Fanyang was located here and was commonly called Lesser Fanyang. At the beginning of Kaihuang it was changed to Qiu. Suicheng was formerly called Wusui. Later Wei established Southern Yingzhou; following Yingzhou, it established five commanderies and eleven counties: Longcheng, Guangxing, and Dinghuang belonged to Changli Commandery; Shicheng and Guangdu belonged to Jiande Commandery; Xiangping and Xinchang belonged to Liaodong Commandery; Yongle belonged to Lelang Commandery; and Fuping, Daifang, and Yong'an belonged to Yingqiu Commandery. Later Qi left only Changli Commandery, governing Yongle and Xinchang counties, and abolished the rest. In Kaihuang year one the province was moved; in year three the commandery was abolished; in year eighteen it was changed to Suicheng. It had Long Mountain. Yongle was formerly called Beiping, and Later Zhou changed its name. It had Lang Mountain. Feihu was established by Later Zhou and called Guangchang. At the beginning of Renshou it was changed. It had Li Mountain and the Juma River. Yuyang Commandery had Xuanzhou moved here in Kaihuang year six, and an area commandant's office was also established.

455

易

Yi

456

淶水

Laishui

457

遒

Qiu

458

遂城

Suicheng

459

永樂

Yongle

460

飛狐漁陽郡漁陽郡開皇六年徙玄州于此，並立總管府。大業初府廢。統縣一，戶三千九百二十五。

Feihu. Yuyang Commandery. Yuyang Commandery. in the sixth year of Kaihuang, Xuanzhou was moved here and a grand administrative office was jointly established. Early in the Daye era, the office was abolished The commandery governed 1 counties with a registered population of 3,925 households.

461

無終後齊置，後周又廢徐無縣入焉。大業初置漁陽郡。有長城。有燕山、無終山。有泃河、如河、庚水、灅水、濫水。有海。北平郡舊置平州。統縣一，戶二千二百六十九。

Wuzhong was established by Later Qi, and Later Zhou also abolished Xuwu County into it. At the beginning of Daye, Yuyang Commandery was established. It had the Great Wall, Yan Mountain, Wuzhong Mountain, the Ju River, Ru River, Geng River, Leishui, Lanshui, and the sea. Beiping Commandery formerly had Pingzhou established. It had jurisdiction over one county with 2,269 households.

462

盧龍舊置北平郡，領新昌、朝鮮二縣。後齊省朝鮮入新昌，又省遼西郡並所領海陽縣入肥如。開皇六年又省肥如入新昌，十八年改名盧龍。大業初置北平郡。有長城。有關官。有臨渝宮。有覆舟山。有碣石。有玄水、盧水、溫水、閏水、龍鮮水、巨梁水。有海。安樂郡舊置安州，後周改為玄州。

Lulong formerly had Beiping Commandery established, governing Xinchang and Chaoxian counties. Later Qi abolished Chaoxian into Xinchang, and also abolished Liaoxi Commandery and its Haiyang County into Feiru. In Kaihuang year six Feiru was again abolished into Xinchang, and in year eighteen the name was changed to Lulong. At the beginning of Daye, Beiping Commandery was established. It had the Great Wall and barrier offices. It had Linyu Palace, Fuzhou Mountain, and Jieshi. It had the Xuan River, Lu River, Wen River, Run River, Longxian River, and Juliang River. It had the sea. Anle Commandery formerly had Anzhou established; Later Zhou changed it to Xuanzhou.

463

盧龍安樂郡安樂郡舊置安州，後周改為玄州。開皇十六年州徙，尋置檀州。統縣二，戶七千五百九十九。

Under Lulong. Anle Commandery, Anle Commandery had formerly had Anzhou established; Later Zhou changed it to Xuanzhou. During Kaihuang year sixteenth, the province was moved; Tanzhou was soon established The commandery governed 2 counties with a registered population of 7,599 households.

464

燕樂後魏置廣陽郡，領大興、方城、燕樂三縣。後齊廢郡，以大興、方城入焉。大業初置安樂郡。有長城。有沽河。密雲後魏置密雲郡，領白檀、要陽、密雲三縣。後齊廢郡及二縣入密雲。又有舊安樂郡，領安市、土垠二縣，後齊廢土垠入安市，後周廢安市入密雲縣。開皇初郡廢。有長城。有桃花山、螺山。有漁水。遼西郡舊置營州，開皇初置總管府，大業初府廢。

Yanle had Guangyang Commandery established by Later Wei, governing Daxing, Fangcheng, and Yanle counties. Later Qi abolished the commandery and merged Daxing and Fangcheng into Yanle. At the beginning of Daye, Anle Commandery was established. It had the Great Wall and the Gu River. Miyun had Miyun Commandery established by Later Wei, governing Baitan, Yaoyang, and Miyun counties. Later Qi abolished the commandery and two counties into Miyun. It also had old Anle Commandery, governing Anshi and Tuyin counties; Later Qi abolished Tuyin into Anshi, and Later Zhou abolished Anshi into Miyun County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had the Great Wall. It had Taohua Mountain and Luo Mountain. It had the Yu River. Liaoxi Commandery formerly had Yingzhou established; at the beginning of Kaihuang an area commandant's office was established, and at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished.

465

燕樂

Yanle

466

密雲遼西郡遼西郡舊置營州，開皇初置總管府，大業初府廢。統縣一，戶七百五十一。

Under Miyun. Liaoxi Commandery, Liaoxi Commandery had formerly had Yingzhou established; at the beginning of Kaihuang a grand administrative office was established; at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished. It had jurisdiction over one county with 751 households.

467

柳城後魏置營州于和龍城，領建德、冀陽、昌黎、遼東、樂浪、營丘等郡，龍城、大興、永樂、帶方、定荒、石城、廣都、陽武、襄平、新昌、平剛、柳城、富平等縣。後齊唯留建德、冀陽二郡，永樂、帶方、龍城、大興等縣，其餘並廢。開皇元年唯留建德一郡，龍城一縣，其餘並廢。尋又廢郡，改縣為龍山，十八年改為柳城。大業初，置遼西郡。有帶方山、禿黎山、雞鳴山、松山。有渝水、白狼水。

Liu City: Later Wei established Yingzhou at Helong City, governing Jiande, Jiyang, Changli, Liaodong, Lelang, Yingqiu, and other commanderies, and Longcheng, Daxing, Yongle, Daifang, Dinghuang, Shicheng, Guangdu, Yangwu, Xiangping, Xinchang, Pinggang, Liucheng, Fuping, and other counties. Later Qi left only Jiande and Jiyang commanderies and Yongle, Daifang, Longcheng, Daxing, and other counties; the rest were all abolished. In Kaihuang year one, only Jiande Commandery and Longcheng County were left, and the rest were all abolished. Soon the commandery was also abolished, and the county was changed to Longshan; in year eighteen it was changed to Liucheng. At the beginning of Daye, Liaoxi Commandery was established. It had Daifang Mountain, Tuli Mountain, Jiming Mountain, and Song Mountain. It had the Yu River and Bailang River.

468

柳城

Liucheng

469

冀州于古，堯之都也。舜分州為十二，冀州析置幽、并。其于天文，自胃七度至畢十一度，為大樑，屬冀州。自尾十度至南斗十一度，為析木，屬幽州。自危十六度至奎四度，為娵訾，屬并州。自柳九度至張十六度，為鶉火，屬三河，則河內、河東也。准之星次，本皆冀州之域，帝居所在，故其界尤大。至夏廢幽、併入焉，得唐之舊矣。信都、清河、河間、博陵、恆山、趙郡、武安、襄國，其俗頗同。人性多敦厚，務在農桑，好尚儒學，而傷于遲重。前代稱冀、幽之士鈍如椎，蓋取此焉。俗重氣俠，好結朋黨，其相赴死生，亦出於仁義。故《班志》述其土風，悲歌慷慨，椎剽掘塚，亦自古之所患焉。前諺雲「仕官不偶遇冀部」，實弊此也。魏郡，鄴都所在，浮巧成俗，雕刻之工，特雲精妙，士女被服，鹹以奢麗相高，其性所尚習，得京、洛之風矣。語曰：「魏郡、清河，天公無奈何！」斯皆輕狡所致。汲郡、河內，得殷之故壤，考之舊說，有紂之餘教。汲又衛地，習仲由之勇，故漢之官人，得以便宜從事，其多行殺戮，本以此焉。今風俗頗移，皆向於禮矣。長平、上黨，人多重農桑，性尤樸直，蓋少輕詐。河東、絳郡、文城、臨汾、龍泉、西河，土地沃少瘠多，是以傷於儉嗇。其俗剛強，亦風氣然乎？太原山川重複，實一都之會，本雖後齊別都，人物殷阜，然不甚機巧。俗與上黨頗同，人性勁悍，習於戎馬。離石、雁門、馬邑、定襄、樓煩、涿郡、上谷、漁陽、北平、安樂、遼西，皆連接邊郡，習尚與太原同俗，故自古言勇俠者，皆推幽、并雲。然涿郡、太原，自前代已來，皆多文雅之士，雖俱曰邊郡，然風教不為比也。青州北海郡北海郡舊置青州，後周置總管府，開皇十四年府廢。統縣十，戶十四萬七千八百四十五。

In antiquity, Ji Province was the capital region of Yao, as noted in the geography treatise. When Shun divided the provinces into twelve, Ji Province was subdivided to establish You and Bing, as noted in the geography treatise. In astronomy, from seven degrees of Wei to eleven degrees of Bi is the Great Bridge asterism, belonging to Ji Province, as noted in the geography treatise. From ten degrees of Wei to eleven degrees of Nandou is the Suggesting Wood asterism, belonging to You Province, as noted in the geography treatise. From sixteen degrees of Wei to four degrees of Kui is the Ju Zi asterism, belonging to Bing Province, as noted in the geography treatise. From nine degrees of Liu to sixteen degrees of Zhang is the Quail Fire asterism, belonging to the Three Rivers—that is, Henei and Hedong, as noted in the geography treatise. The star stations of Huai were originally all within the domain of Ji Province; the imperial seat lay here, hence its bounds were especially great, as noted in the geography treatise. When Xia abolished You and Bing and merged them in, it recovered the old territory of Tang, as noted in the geography treatise. Xindu, Qinghe, Hejian, Boling, Hengshan, Zhao, Wu'an, and Xiangguo commanderies share much the same customs, as noted in the geography treatise. The people's nature is largely sincere and generous; they devote themselves to farming and sericulture and esteem Confucian learning, yet they suffer from sluggish heaviness, as noted in the geography treatise. Former ages said the gentlemen of Ji and You were blunt as mallets—this is what was meant, as noted in the geography treatise. The custom values spirited chivalry and loves forming cliques; their mutual devotion in life and death also springs from benevolence and righteousness, as noted in the geography treatise. For this reason, the "Ban Treatise" describes their local character: impassioned songs, generous laments, club robberies and grave robbing—these have been afflictions since antiquity. Tradition held that "In taking office, do not happen to meet the Ji region"—the harm truly lies here. Wei Commandery, where the capital of Ye stood, made floating cleverness the custom; the craft of carving was especially said to be exquisite and subtle; men and women in dress all vied in luxury and splendor—the inclinations they cultivated had acquired the air of the capitals, as noted in the geography treatise. People said: "Wei Commandery and Qinghe: Heaven can do nothing about them!" All these come from frivolity and cunning, as noted in the geography treatise. Ji and Henei commanderies obtained the old soil of Yin; examining old accounts, remnants of Zhou's teaching remained, as noted in the geography treatise. Ji was also the land of Wei, accustomed to Zhong You's valor; hence Han officials could act at discretion, and their frequent resort to killing sprang from this, as noted in the geography treatise. By the present day, the customs have shifted considerably, all turning toward ritual. In Changping and Shangdang, people greatly value farming and sericulture; their nature is especially plain and straight, with little of light deceit, as noted in the geography treatise. Hedong, Jiang, Wencheng, Linfen, Longquan, and Xihe—land fertile but with more barren than rich soil—hence they suffer from stinginess, as noted in the geography treatise. Their customs are hard and strong—is this not also the effect of climate and air? Taiyuan lies amid overlapping mountains and rivers and is truly the meeting place of a great capital; though originally the secondary capital of Later Qi, its population is abundant, yet it is not very artful, as noted in the geography treatise. Local custom resemble Shangdang considerably; the people's nature is fierce and bold, practiced in horses and arms. Lishi, Yanmen, Mayi, Dingxiang, Loufan, Zhuo, Shanggu, Yuyang, Beiping, Anle, and Liaoxi—all connect with frontier commanderies and share customs much like Taiyuan; hence from antiquity those who speak of brave knights-errant all point to You and Bing, as noted in the geography treatise. Yet Zhuo and Taiyuan, from former ages onward, have produced many refined literary gentlemen; though both are called frontier commanderies, their culture and teaching are not to be compared alike, as noted in the geography treatise. Under Qing Province, Beihai Commandery, Beihai Commandery had formerly had Qingzhou established; Later Zhou established a grand administrative office; in the fourteenth year of Kaihuang the office was abolished. The commandery governed 10 counties with a registered population of 147,845 households.

470

益都舊置齊郡，開皇初廢，大業初置北海郡。有堯山、鋋山。臨淄及東安平、西安，並後齊廢。開皇十六年又置臨淄及時水縣。大業初廢高陽、時水二縣入焉。有社山、葵丘、牛山、稷山。千乘舊置樂安郡，開皇初郡廢。博昌舊曰樂安，開皇十六年改焉。又十八年析置新河縣，大業初廢入焉。壽光開皇十六年置閭丘縣，大業初廢入焉。臨朐舊曰昌國。開皇六年改為逢山，又置般陽縣。大業初改曰臨朐，並廢般陽入焉。有逢山、沂山、穆陵山、大峴山。有汶水、浯水。都昌有箕山、阜山、白狼山。北海舊曰下密，置北海郡。後齊改郡曰高陽，開皇初郡廢。十六年分置濰州，大業初州廢，縣改名焉。營丘後齊廢，開皇十六年複。有叢角山、女節山。下密後魏曰膠東，後齊廢。開皇六年複，改為濰水。大業初改名焉。有鐵山。有溉水。齊郡舊曰齊州。

Yidu formerly had Qi Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang it was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Beihai Commandery was established. It had Yao Mountain and Chan Mountain. Linzi, Eastern Anping, and Xi'an were all abolished by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year sixteen Linzi and Shishui County were again established. At the beginning of Daye, Gaoyang and Shishui counties were abolished into Linzi. It had She Mountain, Kuiqiu, Niu Mountain, and Ji Mountain. Qiansheng formerly had Le'an Commandery established; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Bochang was formerly called Le'an; in Kaihuang year sixteen it was changed. In year eighteen Xinhe County was also divided off and established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Bochang. Shouguang had Lüqiu County established in Kaihuang year sixteen; at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Shouguang. Linqu was formerly called Changguo. In Kaihuang year six it was changed to Fengshan, and Banyang County was also established. At the beginning of Daye it was changed to Linqu, and Banyang was abolished into it. It had Feng Mountain, Yi Mountain, Muling Mountain, and Daxian Mountain. It had the Wen River and Wu River. Duchang had Ji Mountain, Fu Mountain, and Bailang Mountain. Beihai was formerly called Xiami, where Beihai Commandery was established. Later Qi changed the commandery to Gaoyang; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year sixteen Weizhou was divided off and established; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and the county's name was changed. Yingqiu was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Congjiao Mountain and Nujie Mountain. Xiami was called Jiaodong by Later Wei and was abolished by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year six it was restored and changed to Weishui. At the beginning of Daye its name was changed. It had Tie Mountain and Gai River. Qi Commandery was formerly called Qizhou.

471

益都

Yidu

472

千乘

Qiancheng

473

博昌

Bochang

474

壽光

Shouguang

475

臨朐

Linqu

476

都昌

Duchang

477

北海

Beihai

478

營丘

Yingqiu

479

下密齊郡齊郡舊曰齊州。統縣十，戶十五萬二千三百二十三。

Xiami. Qi Commandery. Qi Commandery was formerly called Qizhou. The commandery governed 10 counties with a registered population of 152,323 households.

480

曆城舊置濟南郡，開皇初廢。大業初置齊郡，廢山茌縣入焉。有舜山、雞山、盧山、鵲山、華山、鮑山。祝阿臨邑臨濟開皇六年置，曰朝陽。十六年改曰臨濟，別置朝陽。大業初廢入焉。鄒平舊曰平原，開皇十八年改名焉。章丘舊曰高唐，開皇十六年改焉，又置營城縣。大業初廢入焉。又宋置東魏郡，後齊廢。有東陵山、長白山、龍盤山。長山舊曰武強，置廣川郡，並東清河、平原二郡入，改曰東平原郡。開皇初郡廢。又十六年置濟南縣，十八年改武強曰長山。大業初省濟南縣入焉。高苑後齊曰長樂。開皇十八年改為會城。大業初改焉。亭山舊曰衛國，後齊並土鼓，肥鄉入焉。開皇六年改名亭山。有龍舟山、儒山。淄川舊曰貝丘，置東清河郡。後齊郡廢。開皇十六年置淄州，十八年縣改名焉。大業初州廢。東萊郡舊置光州，開皇五年改曰萊州。

Licheng formerly had Jinan Commandery established, abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. At the beginning of Daye, Qi Commandery was established, and Shanchi County was abolished into it. It had Shun Mountain, Ji Mountain, Lu Mountain, Que Mountain, Hua Mountain, and Bao Mountain. Zhu'a, Linyi, and Linji: Linji was established in Kaihuang year six and called Chaoyang. In year sixteen it was changed to Linji, and Chaoyang was separately established. At the beginning of Daye, Chaoyang was abolished into it. Zouping was formerly called Pingyuan; in Kaihuang year eighteen its name was changed. Zhangqiu was formerly called Gaotang; in Kaihuang year sixteen it was changed, and Yingcheng County was also established. At the beginning of Daye Yingcheng was abolished into it. Song had also established Eastern Wei Commandery, which Later Qi abolished. It had Dongling Mountain, Changbai Mountain, and Longpan Mountain. Changshan was formerly called Wuqiang, where Guangchuan Commandery was established; Eastern Qinghe and Pingyuan commanderies were merged into it, and it was changed to Eastern Pingyuan Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year sixteen Jinan County was also established, and in year eighteen Wuqiang was changed to Changshan. At the beginning of Daye Jinan County was abolished into it. Gaoyuan was called Changle by Later Qi. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed to Huicheng. At the beginning of Daye it was changed. Tingshan was formerly called Weiguo; Later Qi merged Tugu and Feixiang into it. In Kaihuang year six the name was changed to Tingshan. It had Longzhou Mountain and Ru Mountain. Zichuan was formerly called Beiqiu, where Eastern Qinghe Commandery was established. Later Qi abolished the commandery. In Kaihuang year sixteen Zizhou was established, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Donglai Commandery formerly had Guangzhou established, and in Kaihuang year five it was changed to Laizhou.

481

曆城

Licheng

482

祝阿

Zhu'e

483

臨邑

Linnyi

484

臨濟

Linji

485

鄒平

Zouping

486

章丘

Zhangqiu

487

長山

Changshan

488

高苑

Gaoyuan

489

亭山

Tingshan

490

淄川東萊郡東萊郡舊置光州，改曰萊州。統縣九，戶九萬三百五十一。

Under Zichuan. Donglai Commandery, Donglai Commandery had formerly had Guangzhou established, changed to Laizhou. The commandery governed 9 counties with a registered population of 90,351 households.

491

掖舊置東萊郡，後齊並曲城，當利二縣入焉。開皇初廢郡，大業初複置郡。有缶山。有掖水、光水。膠水舊曰長廣，仁壽元年改名焉。有明堂山。盧鄉後齊盧鄉及挺城並廢。開皇十六年複置盧鄉，並廢挺城入焉。即墨後齊及不其縣並廢。開皇十六年複，並廢不其入焉。有大勞山、馬山。有田橫島。觀陽後周廢。開皇十六年複，又分置牟州。大業初州廢。昌陽有巨神山。黃舊置東牟，長廣二郡，後齊廢東牟郡入長廣郡，開皇初郡廢。牟平有牟山、龍山、金山、九目山。文登後齊置。有石橋。有文登山、斥山、之罘山。高密郡舊置膠州，開皇五年改為密州。

Ye formerly had Donglai Commandery established; Later Qi merged Qucheng and Dangli counties into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was restored. It had Fou Mountain. It had the Ye River and Guang River. Jiaoshui was formerly called Changguang; in Renshou year one its name was changed. It had Mingtang Mountain. Luxiang: Later Qi abolished both Luxiang and Tingcheng. In Kaihuang year sixteen Luxiang was restored, and Tingcheng was abolished into it. Jimo: Later Qi abolished both Jimo and Buqi County. In Kaihuang year sixteen Jimo was restored, and Buqi was abolished into it. It had Dalao Mountain and Ma Mountain. It had Tian Heng Island. Guanyang was abolished by Later Zhou. In Kaihuang year sixteen it was restored, and Mouzhou was also divided off and established. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Changyang had Jushen Mountain. Huang formerly had Dongmou and Changguang commanderies established; Later Qi abolished Dongmou Commandery into Changguang Commandery, and at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Muping had Mou Mountain, Long Mountain, Jin Mountain, and Jiumu Mountain. Wendeng was established by Later Qi. It had Stone Bridge. It had Wendeng Mountain, Chi Mountain, and Zhifu Mountain. Gaomi Commandery formerly had Jiaozhou established, and in Kaihuang year five it was changed to Mizhou.

492

掖舊

Yeyu

493

膠水

Jiaoshui

494

盧鄉

Luxiang

495

即墨

Jimo

496

觀陽

Guanyang

497

昌陽

Changyang

498

黃

Huang

499

牟平

Mouping

500

文登高密郡高密郡舊置膠州，開皇五年改為密州。統縣七，戶七萬一千九百二十。

Under Wendeng. Gaomi Commandery, Gaomi Commandery had formerly had Jiaozhou established; in the fifth year of Kaihuang it was changed to Mizhou. The commandery governed 7 counties with a registered population of 71,920 households.

501

諸城舊曰東武，置高密郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改名焉。大業初複置郡。有烽火山。東莞後齊並姑幕縣入焉。有箕山、濰水。郚城舊置平昌郡。後齊廢郡，置琅邪縣，廢硃虛入焉。大業初改名郚城。安丘開皇十六年置，曰牟山。大業初改名，並省安昌入焉。高密後齊廢淳於縣入焉。膠西舊曰黔陬，置平昌郡。開皇初郡廢。十六年置縣，曰膠西。大業初又以黔陬入焉。琅邪開皇十六年置，曰豐泉。大業初改焉。有徐山、盧山、鄣日山、膠水。

Zhucheng was formerly called Dongwu, where Gaomi Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was restored. It had Fenghuo Mountain. Dongguan had Gumu County merged into it by Later Qi. It had Ji Mountain and the Wei River. Wucheng formerly had Pingchang Commandery established. Later Qi abolished the commandery, established Langye County, and abolished Zhuxu into it. At the beginning of Daye the name was changed to Wucheng. Anqiu was established in Kaihuang year sixteen and called Moushan. At the beginning of Daye its name was changed, and Anchang was also abolished into it. Gaomi had Chunyu County abolished into it by Later Qi. Jiaoxi was formerly called Qianzu, where Pingchang Commandery was established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year sixteen the county was established and called Jiaoxi. At the beginning of Daye Qianzu was again merged into it. Langye was established in Kaihuang year sixteen and called Fengquan. At the beginning of Daye it was changed. It had Xu Mountain, Lu Mountain, Zhangri Mountain, and Jiao River.

502

諸城

Zhucheng

503

東莞

Dongguan

504

郚城

Wucheng

505

安丘

Anqiu

506

高密

Gaomi

507

膠西

Jiaoxi

508

琅邪

Langya

509

《周禮·職方氏》：「正東曰青州。」其在天官，自須女八度至危十五度，為玄枵，於辰在子，齊之分野。吳劄觀樂，聞齊之歌曰：「泱泱乎大風也哉，國未可量也。」在漢之時，俗彌侈泰，織作冰紈綺繡純麗之物，號為冠帶衣履天下。始太公以尊賢尚智為教，故士庶傳習其風，莫不矜於功名，依於經術，闊達多智，志度舒緩。其為失也，誇奢朋黨，言與行謬。齊郡舊曰濟南，其俗好教飾子女淫哇之音，能使骨騰肉飛，傾詭人目。俗雲「齊倡」，本出此也。祝阿縣俗，賓婚大會，肴饌雖豐，至於蒸膾，嘗之而已，多則謂之不敬，共相誚責，此其異也。大抵數郡風俗，與古不殊，男子多務農桑，崇尚學業，其歸於儉約，則頗變舊風。東萊人尤朴魯，故特少文義。

The Rites of Zhou, "Officers of the Regions": "Due east is called Qing Province." In the celestial offices, from eight degrees of Xu to fifteen degrees of Wei is the Dark Emptiness asterism; in the earthly branches it corresponds to zi; it is the allotted region of Qi, as noted in the geography treatise. When Wu Zha observed music and heard the song of Qi, he said: "How vast and grand the wind! The state cannot be measured." In Han times the custom grew ever more extravagant; woven gauze, silk damask, fine embroidery, and pure brocade were called the crown and girdle, clothing and shoes for all under Heaven, as noted in the geography treatise. At first Grand Duke Taigong made honoring the worthy and esteeming wisdom his teaching; hence gentry and commoners handed down the custom, all taking pride in merit and fame, relying on the classics, broad-minded and resourceful, with a relaxed and easy bearing, as noted in the geography treatise. Their failing was boastfulness and cliquishness; words and deeds diverged, as noted in the geography treatise. Qi Commandery was formerly called Jinan; its custom loves teaching adornment to sons and daughters and decadent melodies that can make bones leap and flesh fly, overturning and bewitching men's eyes, as noted in the geography treatise. The popular term "Qi singers" originally came from this, as noted in the geography treatise. The custom of Zhu'e County. At guest feasts and wedding gatherings, though the dishes are abundant, they merely taste the steamed and minced meats; if there is too much, it is called disrespect, and they mock one another—this is their difference. On the whole, the customs of these several commanderies differ little from antiquity; men mostly devote themselves to farming and sericulture and esteem learning; in returning to thrift and moderation, they have changed the old ways considerably. The people of Donglai are especially plain and rustic, hence they are particularly lacking in literary refinement, as noted in the geography treatise.

Cite this Chapter