Volume 31 Treatises 26: Geography 3

1

徐州彭城郡彭城郡舊置徐州，後齊置東南道行台，後周立總管府。開皇七年行台廢，大業四年府廢。統縣十一，戸一十三萬二百三十二。

Xuzhou, Pengcheng Commandery. Pengcheng Commandery formerly had Xuzhou established there; Later Qi established the Southeast Circuit field headquarters; Later Zhou established a grand administrative office. The field headquarters was abolished in Kaihuang 7, and the office was abolished in Daye 4. The commandery governed 11 counties with a registered population of 130,232 households.

2

彭城舊置郡，後周並沛及南陽平二郡入。開皇初郡廢，大業初複置郡。有呂梁山、徐山。蘄梁置蘄郡。後齊置仁州，又析置龍亢郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢。谷陽後齊置谷陽郡，開皇初郡廢。又有巳吾、義城二縣，後齊並以爲臨淮縣，大業初併入焉。沛留後齊廢，開皇十六年複。有微山、黃山。豐蕭舊置沛郡，後齊廢爲承高縣。開皇六年改爲龍城，十八年改爲臨沛，大業初改曰蕭。有相山。滕舊曰蕃，置蕃郡。後齊廢。開皇十六年改曰滕縣。蘭陵舊曰承，置蘭陵郡。開皇初郡廢，十六年分承置鄶州及蘭陵縣。大業初州廢，又並蘭陵、鄶城二縣入焉，尋改承爲蘭陵。有抱犢山。符離後齊置睢南郡，開皇初郡廢，有竹邑縣，梁置睢州，開皇三年州廢，又廢竹邑入焉。有女山、定陶山。方與後齊廢，開皇十六年複。魯郡舊兗州，大業二年改爲魯郡。

Pengcheng formerly had a commandery established there. Later Zhou merged Pei and Nanyangping commanderies into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was restored. It had Luliang Mountain and Xu Mountain. Qi had Qi Commandery established by Liang. Later Qi established Renzhou there and also divided off Longkang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Guyang had Guyang Commandery established by Later Qi, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It also had Siwu and Yicheng counties; Later Qi made both Linhuai County, and at the beginning of Daye they were merged into Guyang. Pei and Liu had been abolished by Later Qi and were restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. They had Wei Mountain and Huang Mountain. Feng and Xiao formerly had Pei Commandery established there; Later Qi abolished it and made it Chenggao County. In Kaihuang year six it was changed to Longcheng; in year eighteen it was changed to Linpei; at the beginning of Daye it was changed to Xiao. It had Xiang Mountain. Teng was formerly called Fan and had Fan Commandery established there. Later Qi abolished it. In Kaihuang year sixteen it was changed to Teng County. Lanling was formerly called Cheng and had Lanling Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year sixteen Cheng was divided to establish Kuaizhou and Lanling County. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Lanling and Kuaicheng counties were also merged into it; soon Cheng was changed to Lanling. It had Baodu Mountain. Fuli had Suinan Commandery established by Later Qi, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had Zhuyi County; Liang established Suizhou, and in Kaihuang year three the province was abolished and Zhuyi was also abolished into Fuli. It had Nu Mountain and Dingtao Mountain. Fangyu was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. Lu Commandery was formerly Yanzhou; in Daye year two it was changed to Lu Commandery.

3

彭城

Pengcheng

4

蘄

Qi

5

谷陽

Guyang

6

沛

Pei

7

留

Liu

8

豐

Feng

9

蕭

Xiao

10

滕

Teng

11

蘭陵

Lanling

12

符離

Fuli

13

方與魯郡魯郡舊兗州，改爲魯郡。統縣十，戸十二萬四千一十九。

Fangyu. Lu Commandery. Lu Commandery was formerly Yan Province and was changed to Lu Commandery. The commandery governed 10 counties with a registered population of 124,019 households.

14

瑕丘舊廢，開皇十三年複，帶郡。任城舊置高平郡，開皇初廢。鄒有鄒山、承匡山。曲阜舊曰魯郡，後齊改郡爲任城。開皇三年郡廢，四年改縣曰汶陽，十六年改名曲阜。泗水開皇十六年置。有陪尾山、尼丘山、防山。有洙、泗水。平陸後齊曰樂平，開皇十六年改焉。龔丘後齊曰平原縣，開皇十六年改焉。梁父有龜山。博城舊曰博，置泰山郡。後齊改郡曰東平，又並博平、牟入焉。開皇初郡廢，十六年改縣曰汶陽，尋改曰博城。有奉高縣，開皇六年改曰岱山，大業初州廢，又廢岱山縣入焉。有岱山、玉符山。嬴開皇十六年分置牟城縣，大業初併入焉。有艾山。有淄水。琅邪郡舊置北徐州，後周改曰沂州。

Xiaqiu had long been abolished and was restored in Kaihuang year thirteen, carrying the commandery. Rencheng formerly had Gaoping Commandery established there, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Zou had Zou Mountain and Chengkuang Mountain. Qufu was formerly called Lu Commandery; Later Qi changed the commandery to Rencheng. In Kaihuang year three the commandery was abolished; in year four the county was changed to Wenyang; in year sixteen its name was changed to Qufu. Sishui was established in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Peiwei Mountain, Niqiu Mountain, and Fang Mountain. It had the Zhu and Si rivers. Pinglu was called Leping under Later Qi and was changed in Kaihuang year sixteen. Gongqiu was called Pingyuan County under Later Qi and was changed in Kaihuang year sixteen. Liangfu had Gui Mountain. Bocheng was formerly called Bo and had Taishan Commandery established there. Later Qi changed the commandery to Dongping and also merged Boping and Mou into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year sixteen the county was changed to Wenyang, and soon changed to Bocheng. It had Fenggao County, which in Kaihuang year six was changed to Daishan; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Daishan County was also abolished into it. It had Dai Mountain and Yufu Mountain. Ying had Moucheng County divided off and established in Kaihuang year sixteen; at the beginning of Daye it was merged into Ying. It had Ai Mountain and the Zi River. Langya Commandery formerly had Northern Xuzhou established; Later Zhou changed it to Yizhou.

15

瑕丘

Xiaqiu

16

任城

Rencheng

17

鄒

Zou

18

曲阜

Qufu

19

泗水

Sishui

20

平陸

Pinglu

21

龔丘

Gongqiu

22

梁父

Liangfu

23

博城

Bocheng

24

嬴琅邪郡琅邪郡舊置北徐州，後周改曰沂州。統縣七，戸六萬三千四百二十三。

Ying. Langya Commandery. Langya Commandery formerly had Northern Xuzhou established; Later Zhou changed it to Yizhou. The commandery governed 7 counties with a registered population of 63,423 households.

25

臨沂舊曰即丘，帶郡。開皇初郡廢，十六年分置臨沂，大業初並即丘入焉。有大祠山。費顓臾舊曰南城武陽，開皇十八年改名焉。又有南城縣，後齊廢。有開明山。新泰後齊廢蒙陰縣入焉。沂水舊置南青州及東安郡，後周改州爲莒州。開皇初郡廢，改縣曰東安。十六年又改曰沂水。大業初州廢。東安後齊廢，開皇十六年複。有松山。莒舊置東莞郡。後齊廢，後置義唐郡。開皇初廢。東海郡梁置南、北二青州，東魏改爲海州。

Linyi was formerly called Jiqiu and carried the commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year sixteen Linyi was separately established; at the beginning of Daye, Jiqiu was merged into it. It had Daci Mountain. Fei and Zhuanyu were formerly called Nanchengwuyang; in Kaihuang year eighteen the name was changed. There was also Nancheng County, which Later Qi abolished. It had Kaiming Mountain. Xintai had Mengyin County abolished into it by Later Qi. Yishui formerly had Southern Qingzhou and Dong'an Commandery established there; Later Zhou changed the province to Juzhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Dong'an. In year sixteen it was again changed to Yishui. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Dong'an was abolished by Later Qi and restored in Kaihuang year sixteen. It had Song Mountain. Ju formerly had Dongguan Commandery established there. Later Qi abolished it; later Yitang Commandery was established. It was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Donghai Commandery had Southern and Northern Qingzhou established by Liang; Eastern Wei changed it to Haizhou.

26

臨沂

Linyi

27

費

Fei

28

顓臾

Zhuanyu

29

新泰

Xintai

30

沂水

Yishui

31

東安

Dong'an

32

莒舊東海郡東海郡梁置南、北二青州，東魏改爲海州。統縣五，戸二萬七千八百五十八。

Ju. Former Donghai Commandery. Donghai Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Southern and Northern Qing Provinces were established; Eastern Wei changed it to Haizhou. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 27,858 households.

33

朐山舊曰朐，置琅邪郡。後周改縣曰朐山，郡曰朐山。開皇初郡廢，大業初複，帶郡。有朐山、羽山。東海舊置廣饒縣及東海郡，後齊分廣饒置東海縣。開皇初廢郡及東海縣，仁壽元年，改廣饒曰東海。有謝祿山、郁林山。漣水舊曰襄賁。置東海郡。東魏改曰海安。開皇初郡廢，縣又改焉。沭陽梁置潼陽郡。東魏改曰沭陽郡，置縣曰懷文。後周改縣曰沭陽。開皇初郡廢。懷仁梁置南、北二青州。東魏廢州，立義唐郡及懷仁縣。開皇初郡廢。下邳郡後魏置南徐州，梁改爲東徐州，東魏又改曰東楚州，陳改爲安州，後周改爲泗州。

Qushan was formerly called Qu and had Langya Commandery established there. Later Zhou changed the county to Qushan and the commandery to Qushan. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; at the beginning of Daye it was restored and carried the commandery. It had Qushan and Yu Mountain. Donghai formerly had Guangrao County and Donghai Commandery established there; Later Qi divided Guangrao to establish Donghai County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery and Donghai County were abolished; in Renshou year one Guangrao was changed to Donghai. It had Xielu Mountain and Yulin Mountain. Lianshui was formerly called Xiangben and had Donghai Commandery established there. Eastern Wei changed it to Hai'an. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and the county was again changed. Shuyang had Tongyang Commandery established by Liang. Eastern Wei changed it to Shuyang Commandery and established the county as Huaiwen. Later Zhou changed the county to Shuyang. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Huairen had Southern and Northern Qingzhou established by Liang. Eastern Wei abolished the provinces and established Yitang Commandery and Huairen County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Xiapi Commandery had Southern Xuzhou established by Later Wei; Liang changed it to Eastern Xuzhou; Eastern Wei again changed it to Eastern Chuzhou; Chen changed it to Anzhou; Later Zhou changed it to Sizhou.

34

朐山

Qushan

35

東海

Donghai

36

漣水

Lianshui

37

沭陽

Shuyang

38

懷仁下邳郡下邳郡後魏置南徐州，梁改爲東徐州，東魏又改曰東楚州，陳改爲安州，後周改爲泗州。統縣七，戸五萬二千七十。

Huairen. Xiapi Commandery. Xiapi Commandery—in Later Wei, Southern Xuzhou was established; Liang changed it to Eastern Xuzhou; Eastern Wei again changed it to Eastern Chuzhou; Chen changed it to Anzhou; Later Zhou changed it to Sizhou. The commandery governed 7 counties with a registered population of 52,070 households.

39

宿豫舊置宿豫郡，開皇初郡廢。大業初置下邳郡。又梁置朝陽、臨沭二郡，後齊置晉寧郡，尋並廢。夏丘後齊置，並置夏丘郡，尋立潼州。後周改州爲宋州，縣曰晉陵。開皇初郡廢，十八年州廢，縣複曰夏丘。又東魏置臨潼郡，睢陵縣，後齊改郡爲潼郡。又梁置潼州，後齊改曰睢州，尋廢，亦入潼郡。開皇初郡縣並廢。徐城梁置高平郡。東魏又並梁東平、陽平、清河、歸義四郡爲高平縣，又並梁硃沛、循儀、安豐三郡置硃沛縣。又有安遠郡，後齊廢，後周又並硃沛入高平。開皇初郡廢，十八年更名徐城。淮陽梁置淮陽郡。東魏並綏化、呂梁二郡置綏化縣。後周改縣爲淮陽。開皇初郡廢。又有梁臨清、天水、浮陽三郡，東魏並爲甬城縣，後齊改曰文城縣，後周又改爲臨清，開皇三年省入焉。下邳梁曰歸政，置武州，下邳郡。魏改縣爲下邳，置郡不改，改州曰東徐。後周改州爲邳州。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢。有嶧山、磬石山。良城梁置武安郡，開皇初郡廢，十一年縣更名曰良城。有徐山。郯舊置郡，開皇初廢。

Suyu formerly had Suyu Commandery established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Xiapi Commandery was established. Liang also established Chaoyang and Linshu commanderies; Later Qi established Jinning Commandery; soon all were abolished. Xiaqiu was established by Later Qi, and Xiaqiu Commandery was also established; soon Tongzhou was established. Later Zhou changed the province to Songzhou and called the county Jinling. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year eighteen the province was abolished and the county was again called Xiaqiu. Eastern Wei also established Lintong Commandery and Suiling County; Later Qi changed the commandery to Tong Commandery. Liang also established Tongzhou; Later Qi changed it to Suizhou; it was soon abolished and also entered Tong Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang both commandery and county were abolished. Xucheng had Gaoping Commandery established by Liang. Eastern Wei also merged Liang's four commanderies Dongping, Yangping, Qinghe, and Guiyi to make Gaoping County, and merged Liang's three commanderies Zhupei, Xunyi, and Anfeng to establish Zhupei County. It also had Anyuan Commandery, which Later Qi abolished; Later Zhou also merged Zhupei into Gaoping. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the name was changed to Xucheng. Huaiyang had Huaiyang Commandery established by Liang. Eastern Wei merged Suihua and Luliang commanderies to establish Suihua County. Later Zhou changed the county to Huaiyang. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. There were also Liang's Linqing, Tianshui, and Fuyang commanderies; Eastern Wei merged them as Yongcheng County; Later Qi changed it to Wencheng County; Later Zhou again changed it to Linqing, and in Kaihuang year three it was abolished into Huaiyang. Xiapi was called Guizheng by Liang, which established Wuzhou and Xiapi Commandery there. Wei changed the county to Xiapi, left the commandery unchanged, and changed the province to Eastern Xu. Later Zhou changed the province to Pizhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Yi Mountain and Qingshi Mountain. Liangcheng had Wu'an Commandery established by Liang; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eleven the county's name was changed to Liangcheng. It had Xu Mountain. Tan formerly had a commandery established there, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang.

40

宿豫

Suyu

41

夏丘

Xiaqiu

42

徐城

Xucheng

43

淮陽

Huaiyang

44

下邳

Xiapi

45

良城

Liangcheng

46

郯

Tan

47

《禹貢》：「海、岱及淮惟徐州。」彭城、魯郡、琅邪、東海、下邳，得其地焉。在於天文，自奎五度至胃六度，爲降婁，於辰在戌。其在列國，則楚、宋及魯之交。考其舊俗，人頗勁悍輕剽，其士子則挾任節氣，好尚賓游，此蓋楚之風焉。大抵徐、兗同俗，故其餘諸郡，皆得齊、魯之所尚。莫不賤商賈，務稼穡，尊儒慕學，得洙泗之俗焉。揚州江都郡江都郡梁置南兗州，後齊改爲東廣州，陳複曰南兗，後周改爲吳州。開皇九年改爲揚州，置總管府，大業初府廢。統縣十六，戸十一萬五千五百二十四。

The "Tribute of Yu" says. "The sea, Mount Dai, and the Huai constitute Xuzhou." Pengcheng, Lu, Langya, Donghai, and Xiapi commanderies obtained this territory, as noted in the geography treatise. In the celestial offices, from five degrees of Kui to six degrees of Wei is the Descending Harvester asterism; in the earthly branches it corresponds to xu, as noted in the geography treatise. Among the feudal states, it was the junction of Chu, Song, and Lu, as noted in the geography treatise. Examining its old customs, the people were quite fierce, bold, and lightly martial; their gentlemen relied on chivalric honor and spirited temperament and delighted in hosting guests—this was largely the wind of Chu, as noted in the geography treatise. Broadly speaking, Xu and Yan shared the same customs; hence the other commanderies all obtained what Qi and Lu held in esteem, as noted in the geography treatise. None failed to hold merchants cheap, devote themselves to farming, honor Confucian learning, and obtain the customs of the Zhu and Si rivers, as noted in the geography treatise. Yangzhou, Jiangdu Commandery. Jiangdu Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Southern Yan Province was established; Later Qi changed it to Eastern Guang Province; Chen again called it Southern Yan; Later Zhou changed it to Wuzhou. In the ninth year of Kaihuang it was changed to Yangzhou; a grand administrative office was established; at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 16 counties with a registered population of 115,524 households.

48

江陽舊曰廣陵，後齊置廣陵、江陽二郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年改縣爲邗江，大業初。更名江陽。有江都宮、揚子宮。有陵湖。江都自梁及隋，或廢或置。海陵梁置海陵郡。開皇初郡廢，又並建陵縣入，尋析置江浦縣，大業初省入。甯海開皇初並如皋縣入。高郵梁析置竹塘、三歸二縣，及置廣業郡，尋以有嘉禾，爲神農郡。開皇初郡廢，又並竹塘、三歸、臨澤三縣入焉。安宜梁置陽平郡及東莞郡。開皇初郡廢，又廢石鱉縣入焉。有白馬湖。山陽舊置山陽郡，開皇初郡廢。十二年置楚州，大業初州廢。有後魏淮陰郡，東魏改爲淮州，後齊並魯、富陵立懷恩縣，後周改曰壽張，又僑立東平郡。開皇元年改郡爲淮陰，並立楚州，尋廢郡，更改縣曰淮陰。大業初州廢，縣併入焉。盱眙舊魏置盱眙郡。陳置北譙州，尋省。開皇初郡廢，又並考城、直瀆、陽城三縣入。有都梁山。鹽城後齊置射陽郡，陳改曰鹽城，開皇初郡廢。清流舊曰頓丘，置新昌郡及南譙州。開皇初改爲滁州，郡廢。又廢樂钜、高塘二縣入頓丘，改曰新昌。十八年又改爲清流。大業初州廢。有白禪山、曲亭山。全椒梁曰北譙，置北譙郡。後齊改郡爲臨滁，後周又曰北譙。開皇初郡廢，改縣爲滁水。大業初改名焉。有銅官山、九斗山。六合舊曰尉氏，置秦郡。後齊置秦州。後周改州曰方州，改郡曰六合。開皇初郡廢，四年改尉氏曰六合，省堂邑、方山二縣入焉。大業初州廢。又後齊置瓦梁郡，陳廢。有瓜步山、六合山。永福舊曰沛，梁置涇城、東陽二郡，陳廢州，並二郡爲梁郡。後周改梁郡爲石樑郡，改沛縣曰石樑縣，省橫山縣入焉。開皇初郡廢。大業初改縣曰永福。有香山、永福山。句容有茅山、浮山、四平山。延陵舊置南徐州、南東海郡，梁改曰蘭陵郡，陳又改爲東海。開皇九年州郡並廢，又廢丹徒縣入焉。十五年置潤州，大業初州廢。有句驪山、黃鵠山、蒜山、長塘湖。曲阿有武進縣，梁改爲蘭陵，開皇九年併入。鐘離郡後齊曰西楚州，開皇二年改曰濠州。

Jiangyang was formerly called Guangling; Later Qi established Guangling and Jiangyang commanderies there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year eighteen the county was changed to Hanjiang, and at the beginning of Daye its name was changed to Jiangyang. It had Jiangdu Palace, Yangzi Palace, and Ling Lake. Jiangdu, from Liang through Sui, was sometimes abolished and sometimes established. Hailing had Hailing Commandery established by Liang. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Jianling County was also merged into it; soon Jiangpu County was divided off and established, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Hailing. Ninghai had Rugao County merged into it at the beginning of Kaihuang. Gaoyou had Zhutang and Sangui counties divided off and established by Liang, and Guangye Commandery was also established; soon, because auspicious grain appeared, it became Shennong Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Zhutang, Sangui, and Linze counties were also merged into it. Anyi had Yangping Commandery and Dongguan Commandery established by Liang. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were abolished, and Shibie County was also abolished into it. It had Baima Lake. Shanyang formerly had Shanyang Commandery established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year twelve Chuzhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. There had been Later Wei's Huaiyin Commandery; Eastern Wei changed it to Huaizhou; Later Qi merged Lu and Fuling to establish Huai'en County; Later Zhou changed it to Shouzhang and also established Dongping Commandery as an immigrant commandery. In Kaihuang year one the commandery was changed to Huaiyin and Chuzhou was also established; soon the commandery was abolished and the county was renamed Huaiyin. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished and the county was merged into Shanyang. Xuyi formerly had Xuyi Commandery established by Wei. Chen established Northern Qiaozhou, which was soon abolished. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Kaocheng, Zhidu, and Yangcheng counties were also merged into it. It had Duliang Mountain. Yancheng had Sheyang Commandery established by Later Qi; Chen changed it to Yancheng; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Qingliu was formerly called Dunqiu and had Xinchang Commandery and Southern Qiaozhou established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang it was changed to Chuzhou and the commandery was abolished. Leju and Gaotang counties were also abolished into Dunqiu, which was changed to Xinchang. In year eighteen it was again changed to Qingliu. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Baichan Mountain and Quting Mountain. Quanjiao was called Northern Qiao by Liang, which established Northern Qiao Commandery. Later Qi changed the commandery to Linchu; Later Zhou again called it Northern Qiao. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Chushui. At the beginning of Daye its name was changed. It had Tongguan Mountain and Jiudou Mountain. Luhe was formerly called Weishi and had Qin Commandery established there. Later Qi established Qinzhou. Later Zhou changed the province to Fangzhou and the commandery to Luhe. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year four Weishi was changed to Luhe, and Tangyi and Fangshan counties were abolished into it. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Later Qi also established Waliang Commandery, which Chen abolished. It had Guabu Mountain and Luhe Mountain. Yongfu was formerly called Pei; Liang established Jingcheng and Dongyang commanderies; Chen abolished the province and combined the two commanderies as Liang Commandery. Later Zhou changed Liang Commandery to Shiliang Commandery, changed Pei County to Shiliang County, and abolished Hengshan County into it. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the county was changed to Yongfu. It had Xiang Mountain and Yongfu Mountain. Jurong had Mao Mountain, Fu Mountain, and Siping Mountain. Yanling formerly had Southern Xuzhou and Southern Donghai Commandery established there; Liang changed it to Lanling Commandery; Chen again changed it to Donghai. In Kaihuang year nine the province and commandery were both abolished, and Dantu County was also abolished into it. In year fifteen Runzhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Goulü Mountain, Huanghu Mountain, Suan Mountain, and Changtang Lake. Qu'e had Wujin County, which Liang changed to Lanling and in Kaihuang year nine merged into Qu'e. Zhongli Commandery was called Western Chuzhou by Later Qi; in Kaihuang year two it was changed to Haozhou.

49

江陽

Jiangyang

50

江都

Jiangdu

51

海陵

Hailing

52

甯海

Ninghai

53

高郵

Gaoyou

54

安宜

Anyi

55

山陽

Shanyang

56

盱眙

Xuyi

57

鹽城

Yancheng

58

清流

Qingliu

59

全椒

Quanjiao

60

六合

Luhe

61

永福

Yongfu

62

句容

Jurong

63

延陵

Yanling

64

曲阿鐘離郡鐘離郡後齊曰西楚州，改曰濠州。統縣四，戸三萬五千一十五。

Qu'e. Zhongli Commandery. Zhongli Commandery—in Later Qi it was called Western Chuzhou and was changed to Haozhou. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 35,015 households.

65

鐘離舊置郡，開皇初郡廢。大業中複置郡。定遠舊曰東城。梁改曰定遠，置臨濠郡。後齊改曰廣安。開皇初郡廢。又有舊九江郡，後齊廢爲曲陽縣，縣尋廢。又有梁置安州，侯景亂廢。化明故曰睢陵，置濟陰郡。後齊改縣曰池南，陳複曰睢陵，後周改爲昭義。開皇初郡廢，大業初縣改名焉。塗山舊曰當塗。後齊改曰馬頭，置郡曰荊山。開皇初改縣曰塗山，廢郡。有當塗山。淮南郡舊曰豫州，後魏曰揚州，梁曰南豫州，東魏曰揚州，陳又曰豫州，後周曰揚州。開皇九年曰壽州，置總管府，大業元年府廢。

Zhongli formerly had a commandery established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. During Daye the commandery was restored. Dingyuan was formerly called Dongcheng. Liang changed it to Dingyuan and established Linhao Commandery. Later Qi changed it to Guang'an. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It also had the old Jiujiang Commandery, which Later Qi abolished to become Quyang County; the county was soon abolished. It also had Anzhou established by Liang, which was abolished during Hou Jing's rebellion. Huaming was formerly called Suiling and had Jiyin Commandery established there. Later Qi changed the county to Chinan; Chen again called it Suiling; Later Zhou changed it to Zhaoyi. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the county's name was changed. Tushan was formerly called Dangtu. Later Qi changed it to Matou and established the commandery as Jingshan. At the beginning of Kaihuang the county was changed to Tushan and the commandery was abolished. It had Dangtu Mountain. Huainan Commandery was formerly called Yuzhou; Later Wei called it Yangzhou; Liang called it Southern Yuzhou; Eastern Wei called it Yangzhou; Chen again called it Yuzhou; Later Zhou called it Yangzhou. In Kaihuang year nine it was called Shouzhou, and a grand administrative office was established; in Daye year one the office was abolished.

66

鐘離

Zhongli

67

定遠

Dingyuan

68

化明

Huaming

69

塗山淮南郡淮南郡舊曰豫州，後魏曰揚州，梁曰南豫州，東魏曰揚州，陳又曰豫州，後周曰揚州。曰壽州，置總管府，府廢。統縣四，戸三萬四千二百七十八。

Tushan. Huainan Commandery. Huainan Commandery was formerly called Yuzhou; Later Wei called it Yangzhou; Liang called it Southern Yuzhou; Eastern Wei called it Yangzhou; Chen again called it Yuzhou; Later Zhou called it Yangzhou. It was called Shouzhou; a grand administrative office was established; the office was abolished, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 34,278 households.

70

壽春舊有淮南、梁郡、北譙、汝陰等郡，開皇初並廢，並廢蒙縣入焉。大業初置淮南郡。有八公山、門溪。安豐梁置陳留、安豐二郡，開皇初並廢。有芍陂。霍丘梁置安豐郡，東魏廢。開皇十九年置縣，名焉。長平梁置北陳郡，開皇初廢，又並西華縣人。弋陽郡梁置光州。

Shouchun formerly had such commanderies as Huainan, Liang, Northern Qiao, and Ruyin; at the beginning of Kaihuang they were all abolished, and Meng County was also abolished into it. At the beginning of Daye, Huainan Commandery was established. It had Bagong Mountain and Men Brook. Anfeng had Chenliu and Anfeng commanderies established by Liang, both of which were abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had Quebei. Huoqiu had Anfeng Commandery established by Liang, which Eastern Wei abolished. In Kaihuang year nineteen a county was established and named for it. Changping had Northern Chen Commandery established by Liang; it was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang, and Xihua County was also merged into it. Yiyang Commandery had Guangzhou established by Liang.

71

壽春

Shouchun

72

安豐

An'feng

73

霍丘

Huoqiu

74

長平弋陽郡弋陽郡梁置光州。統縣六，戸四萬一千四百三十三。

Changping. Yiyang Commandery. Yiyang Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Guangzhou was established. The commandery governed 6 counties with a registered population of 41,433 households.

75

光山舊置光城郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年置縣焉。大業初置光陽郡。又有舊黃川郡，梁廢。樂安梁置宋安郡，及宋安、光城二縣，又有豐安郡，開皇三年並廢入焉。有弋陽山、浮光山、金山、錫山。定城後齊置南郢州，後廢入南、北二弋陽縣，後又省北弋陽入南弋陽，改爲定遠焉。又後魏置弋陽郡，及有梁東新蔡縣。後周改爲淮南郡。又後齊置齊安、新蔡二郡，及廢舊義州，立東光城郡。至開皇初，五郡及郢州並廢。殷城舊曰包信，開皇初改名焉。梁置義城郡及建州，並所領平高、新蔡、新城三郡，開皇初並廢。有大蘇山、南松山。固始梁曰蓼縣。後齊改名焉，置北建州，尋廢州，置新蔡郡。後周改置澮州。開皇初州郡並廢入，又改縣爲固始。有安陽山。期思陳置邊城郡。開皇初郡廢，改縣名焉。有後齊光化郡，亦廢入焉。有大別山。蘄春郡後齊置雍州，後周改曰蘄州。

Guangshan formerly had Guangcheng Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen a county was established there. At the beginning of Daye, Guangyang Commandery was established. It also had the old Huangchuan Commandery, which Liang abolished. Le'an had Song'an Commandery and Song'an and Guangcheng counties established by Liang; it also had Feng'an Commandery, and in Kaihuang year three all were abolished into Le'an. It had Yiyang Mountain, Fuguang Mountain, Jin Mountain, and Xi Mountain. Dingcheng had Southern Yingzhou established by Later Qi; later it was abolished into Southern and Northern Yiyang counties, and later Northern Yiyang was abolished into Southern Yiyang, which was changed to Dingyuan. Later Wei also established Yiyang Commandery, and there was Liang's Eastern Xincai County. Later Zhou changed it to Huainan Commandery. Later Qi also established Qi'an and Xincai commanderies and, abolishing the old Yizhou, established Eastern Guangcheng Commandery. By the beginning of Kaihuang, the five commanderies and Yingzhou were all abolished. Yincheng was formerly called Baoxin and was renamed at the beginning of Kaihuang. Liang established Yicheng Commandery and Jianzhou, together with its subordinate Pinggao, Xincai, and Xincheng commanderies; at the beginning of Kaihuang all were abolished. It had Dasu Mountain and Nansong Mountain. Gushi was called Liao County by Liang. Later Qi changed the name, established Northern Jianzhou, soon abolished the province, and established Xincai Commandery. Later Zhou changed it to establish Huizhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the province and commandery were both abolished into Gushi, and the county was also changed to Gushi. It had Anyang Mountain. Qisi had Biancheng Commandery established by Chen. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county's name was changed. It had Later Qi's Guanghua Commandery, which was also abolished into it. It had Dabie Mountain. Qichun Commandery had Yongzhou established by Later Qi; Later Zhou changed it to Qizhou.

76

光山

Guangshan

77

樂安

An'le

78

定城

Dingcheng

79

殷城

Yincheng

80

固始

Gushi

81

期思蘄春郡蘄春郡後齊置雍州，後周改曰蘄州。開皇初置總管府，九年府廢。統縣五，戸三萬四千六百九十。

Qisi. Qichun Commandery. Qichun Commandery—in Later Qi, Yongzhou was established; Later Zhou changed it to Qizhou. Early in the Kaihuang era, a grand administrative office was established; in the ninth year the office was abolished. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 34,690 households.

82

蘄春舊曰蘄陽，梁改曰蘄水。後齊改曰齊昌，置齊昌郡。開皇十八年改爲蘄春。開皇初郡廢。有安山。浠水舊置永安郡，開皇初郡廢。有石鼓山。蘄水舊曰蘄春，梁改名焉。有鼓吹山。有蘄水。黃梅舊曰永興，開皇初改曰新蔡，十八年改名焉。有黃梅山。羅田梁置義州、義城郡，開皇初並廢。廬江郡梁置南豫州，又改爲合州。

Qichun was formerly called Qiyang; Liang changed it to Qishui. Later Qi changed it to Qichang and established Qichang Commandery. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed to Qichun. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had An Mountain. Xishui formerly had Yong'an Commandery established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Shigu Mountain. Qishui was formerly called Qichun; Liang changed the name. It had Guchui Mountain and the Qi River. Huangmei was formerly called Yongxing; at the beginning of Kaihuang it was changed to Xincai, and in year eighteen its name was changed. It had Huangmei Mountain. Luotian had Yizhou and Yicheng Commandery established by Liang; both were abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. Lujiang Commandery had Southern Yuzhou established by Liang, and it was again changed to Hezhou.

83

蘄春

Qichun

84

浠水

Xishui

85

蘄水

Qishui

86

黃梅

Huangmei

87

羅田廬江郡廬江郡梁置南豫州，又改爲合州。開皇初改爲廬州。統縣七，戸四萬一千六百三十二。

Luotian. Lujiang Commandery. Lujiang Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Southern Yuzhou was established and was again changed to Hezhou. Early in the Kaihuang era, it was changed to Luzhou. The commandery governed 7 counties with a registered population of 41,632 households.

88

合肥梁曰汝陰，置汝陰郡。後齊分置北陳郡。開皇初郡廢，縣改名焉。廬江齊置廬江郡，梁置湘州，後齊州廢，開皇初郡廢。有冶甫山、上薄山、三公山、聖山、藍家山。襄安梁曰蘄，開皇初改焉。有龜山、紫微山、亞父山、半陽山、白石山、四鼎山。慎東魏置平梁郡，陳曰梁郡，開皇初郡廢。有浮闍山。霍山梁置霍州及岳安郡、岳安縣。後齊州廢。開皇初郡廢，縣改名焉。渒水梁置北沛郡及新蔡縣。開皇初郡廢，又廢新蔡入焉。有墜星山。開化梁置。有衡山、九公山、蹋鼓山、天山、多智山。同安郡梁置豫州，後改曰晉州，後齊改曰江州，陳又曰晉州，開皇初曰熙州。

Hefei was called Ruyin by Liang, which established Ruyin Commandery. Later Qi divided off and established Northern Chen Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county's name was changed. Lujiang had Lujiang Commandery established by Qi; Liang established Xiangzhou; Later Qi abolished the province, and at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Yefu Mountain, Shangbo Mountain, Sangong Mountain, Sheng Mountain, and Lanjia Mountain. Xiang'an was called Qi by Liang and was changed at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had Gui Mountain, Ziwei Mountain, Yafu Mountain, Banyang Mountain, Baishi Mountain, and Siding Mountain. Shen had Pingliang Commandery established by Eastern Wei; Chen called it Liang Commandery; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Futu Mountain. Huoshan had Huozhou and Yue'an Commandery and Yue'an County established by Liang. Later Qi abolished the province. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county's name was changed. Bishui had Northern Pei Commandery and Xincai County established by Liang. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and Xincai was also abolished into it. It had Zhuixing Mountain. Kaihua was established by Liang. It had Heng Mountain, Jiugong Mountain, Tagu Mountain, Tian Mountain, and Duozhi Mountain. Tong'an Commandery had Yuzhou established by Liang; later it was changed to Jinzhou; Later Qi changed it to Jiangzhou; Chen again called it Jinzhou; at the beginning of Kaihuang it was called Xizhou.

89

合肥

Hefei

90

廬江

Lujiang

91

襄安

Xiang'an

92

慎

Shen

93

霍山

Huoshan

94

渒水

Bishui

95

開化同安郡同安郡梁置豫州，後改曰晉州，後齊改曰江州，陳又曰晉州，開皇初曰熙州。統縣五，戸二萬一千七百六十六。

Kaihua. Tongan Commandery. Tongan Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Yuzhou was established; afterward it was changed to Jinzhou; Later Qi changed it to Jiangzhou; Chen again called it Jinzhou; at the beginning of Kaihuang it was called Xizhou. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 21,766 households.

96

懷甯舊置晉熙郡，開皇初郡廢。大業三年置同安郡。宿松梁置高塘郡。開皇初郡廢，改縣曰高塘，十八年又改名焉。有雷水。太湖開皇初改爲晉熙，十八年複改名焉。望江陳置大雷郡。開皇十一年改曰義鄉，十八年改名焉。同安舊曰樅陽，並置樅陽郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年縣改名焉。有浮度山。曆陽郡後齊立和州。

Huaining formerly had Jinxi Commandery established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In Daye year three, Tong'an Commandery was established. Susong had Gaotang Commandery established by Liang. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Gaotang; in year eighteen its name was again changed. It had the Lei River. Taihu was changed to Jinxi at the beginning of Kaihuang and in year eighteen its name was changed back. Wangjiang had Dalei Commandery established by Chen. In Kaihuang year eleven it was changed to Yixiang, and in year eighteen its name was changed. Tong'an was formerly called Zongyang, and Zongyang Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. It had Fudu Mountain. Liyang Commandery had Hezhou established by Later Qi.

97

懷甯

Huaining

98

宿松

Susong

99

太湖

Taihu

100

望江

Wangjiang

101

同安曆陽郡曆陽郡後齊立和州。統縣二，戸八千二百五十四。

Tongan. Liyang Commandery. Liyang Commandery—in Later Qi, Hezhou was established. The commandery governed 2 counties with a registered population of 8,254 households.

102

曆陽舊置曆陽郡，開皇初郡廢。大業初複置郡。

Liyang formerly had Liyang Commandery. It was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang and restored at the beginning of Daye.

103

烏江梁置江都郡，後齊改爲齊江郡，陳又改爲臨江郡，周改爲同江郡。開皇初郡廢。大業初置曆陽郡。有六合山。彤陽郡自東晉已後置郡曰揚州。平陳，詔並平蕩耕墾，更於石頭城置蔣州，統縣三，戸二萬四千一百二十五。

Wujiang had Jiangdu Commandery under Liang; Later Qi renamed it Qijiang, Chen renamed it Linjiang, and Zhou renamed it Tongjiang. The commandery was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang, and Liyang Commandery was established at the beginning of Daye. It had Liuhe Mountain. Tongyang Commandery had been called Yangzhou from Eastern Jin onward. After Chen was pacified, an edict ordered the land to be leveled and opened for cultivation; Jiangzhou was newly established at Shitou Fortress, governing 3 counties with 24,125 households.

104

江甯梁置丹陽郡及南丹陽郡，陳省南丹陽郡。平陳，又廢丹陽郡，並以秣陵、建康、同夏三縣入焉。大業初置丹陽郡。有蔣山。當塗舊置淮南郡。平陳，廢郡，並襄垣、於湖、繁昌、西鄉入焉。有天門山、楚山。溧水舊曰溧陽。開皇九年廢丹陽郡入，十八年改焉。有赭山、廬山、楚山。宣城郡舊置南豫州。

Jiangning had Danyang Commandery and Southern Danyang Commandery established by Liang; Chen abolished Southern Danyang Commandery. When Chen was pacified, Danyang Commandery was also abolished, and Moling, Jiankang, and Tongxia counties were all merged into it. At the beginning of Daye, Danyang Commandery was established. It had Jiang Mountain. Dangtu formerly had Huainan Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Xiangyuan, Yuhu, Fanchang, and Xixiang were merged into it. It had Tianmen Mountain and Chu Mountain. Lishui was formerly called Liyang. In Kaihuang year nine Danyang Commandery was abolished into it, and in year eighteen its name was changed. It had Zhe Mountain, Lu Mountain, and Chu Mountain. Xuancheng Commandery formerly had Southern Yuzhou established there.

105

江甯

Jiangning

106

當塗

Dangtu

107

溧水宣城郡宣城郡舊置南豫州。平陳，改爲宣州。統縣六，戸一萬九千九百七十九。

Lishui. Xuancheng Commandery. Xuancheng Commandery formerly had Southern Yuzhou established. After Chen was pacified, it was changed to Xuanzhou. The commandery governed 6 counties with a registered population of 19,979 households.

108

宣城舊曰宛陵，置宣城郡。平陳，郡廢，仍並懷安、甯國、當塗、浚遒四縣入焉。大業初置郡。有敬亭山。涇平陳，省安吳、南陽二縣入焉。有蓋山、陵陽山。南陵梁置，並置南陵郡，陳置北江州。平陳，州郡並廢，並所管石城、臨城、定陵、故治、南陵五縣入焉。秋浦舊曰石城。平陳廢，開皇十九年置，改名焉。永世平陳廢，開皇十二年又置。有靈光山。綏安舊曰石封，平陳，改名焉。梁末立大樑郡，又改爲陳留。平陳，郡廢，省大德、故鄣、安吉、原鄉四縣入焉。毗陵郡平陳，置常州。

Xuancheng was formerly called Wanling and had Xuancheng Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Huai'an, Ningguo, Dangtu, and Junqiu counties were then merged into it. At the beginning of Daye, the commandery was established. It had Jingting Mountain. Jing had Anwu and Nanyang counties abolished into it when Chen was pacified. It had Gai Mountain and Lingyang Mountain. Nanling was established by Liang, which also established Nanling Commandery; Chen established Northern Jiangzhou. When Chen was pacified, the province and commandery were both abolished, and its five governed counties, Shicheng, Lincheng, Dingling, Guzhi, and Nanling, were merged into it. Qiupu was formerly called Shicheng. It was abolished when Chen was pacified; in Kaihuang year nineteen it was established and its name was changed. Yongshi was abolished when Chen was pacified and again established in Kaihuang year twelve. It had Lingguang Mountain. Sui'an was formerly called Shifeng; when Chen was pacified, its name was changed. At the end of Liang, Daliang Commandery was established and later changed to Chenliu. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Dade, Guzhang, Anji, and Yuanxiang counties were abolished into it. Piling Commandery had Changzhou established when Chen was pacified.

109

宣城

Xuancheng

110

涇

Jing

111

南陵

Nanling

112

秋浦

Qiupu

113

永世

Yongshi

114

綏安毗陵郡毗陵郡平陳，置常州。統縣四，戸一萬七千五百九十九。

Sui'an. Piling Commandery. Piling Commandery—when Chen was pacified, Changzhou was established. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 17,599 households.

115

晉陵舊置晉陵郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初置郡。有橫山。江陰梁置，及置江陰郡。平陳，廢郡。及利城梁豐縣入焉。有毗陵山。無錫有九龍山。義興舊曰陽羨，置義興郡。平陳，郡廢，改縣名焉。又廢義鄉、國山、臨津三縣入焉。有計山、洞庭山。吳郡陳置吳州。

Jinling formerly had Jinling Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, the commandery was established. It had Heng Mountain. Jiangyin was established by Liang, which also established Jiangyin Commandery. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Licheng and Liangfeng counties were merged into it. It had Piling Mountain. Wuxi had Jiulong Mountain. Yixing was formerly called Yangxian and had Yixing Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and the county's name was changed. Yixiang, Guoshan, and Linjin counties were also abolished into it. It had Ji Mountain and Dongting Mountain. Wu Commandery had Wuzhou established by Chen.

116

晉陵

Jinling

117

江陰

Jiangyin

118

無錫

Wuxi

119

義興吳郡吳郡陳置吳州。平陳，改曰蘇州，大業初複曰吳州。統縣五，戸一萬八千三百七十七。

Yixing. Wu Commandery. Wu Commandery—in the Chen dynasty, Wuzhou was established. After Chen was pacified, it was changed to Suzhou; at the beginning of Daye it was again called Wuzhou. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 18,377 households.

120

吳舊置吳郡。平陳，郡廢，大業初複置。有胥山、橫山、華山、黃山、姑蘇山、太湖。昆山梁置。平陳廢，開皇十八年複。常熟舊曰南沙，梁置信義郡。平陳廢，並所領海陽、前京、信義、海虞、興國、南沙入焉。有虞山。烏程舊置吳興郡。平陳，郡廢，並東遷縣入焉。仁壽中置湖州，大業初州廢。有雉山。長城平陳廢，仁壽二年複。有卞山。會稽郡梁置東揚州。

Wu formerly had Wu Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was restored. It had Xu Mountain, Heng Mountain, Hua Mountain, Huang Mountain, Gusu Mountain, and Taihu Lake. Kunshan was established by Liang. It was abolished when Chen was pacified and restored in Kaihuang year eighteen. Changshu was formerly called Nansha; Liang established Xinyi Commandery there. It was abolished when Chen was pacified, and its governed Haiyang, Qianjing, Xinyi, Haiyu, Xingguo, and Nansha were all merged into it. It had Yu Mountain. Wucheng formerly had Wuxing Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Dongqian County was merged into it. During Renshou, Huzhou was established, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Zhi Mountain. Changcheng was abolished when Chen was pacified and restored in Renshou year two. It had Bian Mountain. Kuaiji Commandery had Eastern Yangzhou established by Liang.

121

吳

Wu

122

昆山

Kunshan

123

常熟

Changshu

124

烏程

Wucheng

125

長城會稽郡會稽郡梁置東揚州。陳初省，尋複。平陳，改曰吳州，置總管府。大業初府廢，置越州。統縣四，戸二萬二百七十一。

Changcheng. Kuaiji Commandery. Kuaiji Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Eastern Yang Province was established. At the beginning of Chen it was abolished, but soon restored, as noted in the geography treatise. After Chen was pacified, it was changed to Wuzhou and a grand administrative office was established. At the beginning of Daye the office was abolished and Yuezhou was established, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 20,271 households.

126

會稽舊置會稽郡。平陳，郡廢，及廢山陰、永興、上虞、始寧四縣入，大業初置郡。有稷山、種山、會稽山。

Kuaiji formerly had Kuaiji Commandery. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Shanyin, Yongxing, Shangyu, and Shining counties were merged into it; the commandery was established at the beginning of Daye. It had Ji, Zhong, and Kuaiji mountains.

127

句章平陳，並余姚、鄞、鄮三縣入。有太白山、方山。

When Chen was pacified, Yuyao, Yin, and Mao counties were merged into Juzhang. It had Taibai and Fang mountains.

128

剡有桐柏山。

Shan had Tongbai Mountain.

129

諸暨有泄溪、大農湖。餘杭郡平陳，置杭州。仁壽中置總管府，大業初府廢。統縣六，戸一萬五千三百八十。

Zhuji had Xie Creek and Danong Lake. Yuhang Commandery had Hangzhou established when Chen was pacified. During Renshou a grand administrative office was established; at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 6 counties with a registered population of 15,380 households.

130

錢唐舊置錢唐郡。平陳，廢郡，並所領新城縣入。大業三年置餘杭郡。有粟山、石甑山、臨平湖。富陽有石頭山、雞籠山。餘杭有由拳山、金鵝山。於灊有天目山、石鏡山。有桐溪。鹽官有蜀山。武康平陳廢，仁壽二年複。有封嵎山、青山、白鵠山。新安郡平陳，置歙州。

Qiantang formerly had Qiantang Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and its governed Xincheng County was merged into it. In Daye year three, Yuhang Commandery was established. It had Su Mountain, Shizeng Mountain, and Linping Lake. Fuyang had Shitou Mountain and Jilong Mountain. Yuhang had Youquan Mountain and Jin'e Mountain. Yuqian had Tianmu Mountain and Shijing Mountain. It had Tong Brook. Yanguan had Shu Mountain. Wukang was abolished when Chen was pacified and restored in Renshou year two. It had Fengyu Mountain, Qing Mountain, and Baihu Mountain. Xin'an Commandery had Shezhou established when Chen was pacified.

131

錢唐

Qiantang

132

富陽

Fuyang

133

餘杭

Yuhang

134

於灊

Yu Qian

135

鹽官

Yanguan

136

武康新安郡新安郡平陳，置歙州。統縣三，戸六千一百六十四。

Wukang. Xin'an Commandery. Xin'an Commandery—when Chen was pacified, Shezhou was established. The commandery governed 3 counties with a registered population of 6,164 households.

137

休甯舊曰海寧，開皇十八年改名焉。大業初置郡。

Xiuning was formerly called Haining; it was renamed in Kaihuang 18, and the commandery was established at the beginning of Daye.

138

歙平陳廢，十一年複。

She was abolished when Chen was pacified and restored in year eleven.

139

黟平陳廢，十一年複。東陽郡平陳，置婺州。統縣四，戸一萬九千八百五。

Yi was abolished when Chen was pacified and restored in year eleven. Dongyang Commandery had Wuzhou established when Chen was pacified. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 19,805 households.

140

金華舊曰長山，置金華郡。平陳，郡廢，又廢建德、太末、豐安三縣入，改爲吳寧縣。十二年改曰東陽，十八年改名焉。大業初置東陽郡。有長山、龍山、樓山、丘山。有赤松澗。永康烏傷有香山、歌山。信安有江山、悲思嶺。有定陽溪。永嘉郡開皇九年置處州，十二年改曰括州。

Jinhua was formerly called Changshan and had Jinhua Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Jiande, Taimo, and Feng'an counties were also abolished into it; it was changed to Wuning County. In year twelve it was changed to Dongyang, and in year eighteen its name was changed. At the beginning of Daye, Dongyang Commandery was established. It had Chang Mountain, Long Mountain, Lou Mountain, and Qiu Mountain. It had Chisong Ravine. Yongkang and Wushang had Xiang Mountain and Ge Mountain. Xin'an had Jiang Mountain and Beisi Ridge. It had Dingyang Brook. Yongjia Commandery had Chuzhou established in Kaihuang year nine; in year twelve it was changed to Kuozhou.

141

金華

Jinhua

142

永康

Yongkang

143

烏傷

Wushang

144

信安永嘉郡永嘉郡置處州，十二年改曰括州。統縣四，戸一萬五百四十二。

Xin'an. Yongjia Commandery. Yongjia Commandery—Chuzhou was established; in the twelfth year it was changed to Kuozhou. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 10,542 households.

145

括倉平陳，置縣，大業初置永嘉郡。有縉雲山、括倉山。永嘉舊曰永寧，置永嘉郡。平陳，郡廢，縣改名焉。有芙蓉山。松陽臨海舊曰章安，置臨海郡。平陳，郡廢，縣改名焉。有赤山、天臺山。建安郡陳置閩州，仍廢，後又置豐州。

Kuocang: after Chen was pacified, the county was established; at the beginning of Daye, Yongjia Commandery was established. It had Jinyun Mountain and Kuocang Mountain. Yongjia was formerly called Yongning and had Yongjia Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and the county’s name was changed. It had Furong Mountain. Songyang and Linhai: Linhai was formerly called Zhang’an and had Linhai Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and the county’s name was changed. It had Chi Mountain and Tiantai Mountain. Jian’an Commandery: Chen established Minzhou there, then abolished it; afterward Fengzhou was again established.

148

平陳，改曰泉州。大業初改曰閩州。統縣四，戸一萬二千四百二十。

After Chen was pacified, it was changed to Quanzhou. At the beginning of Daye it was changed to Minzhou, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 12,420 households.

149

閩舊曰東侯官，置晉安郡。平陳，郡廢，縣改曰原豐。十二年改曰閩，大業初置建安郡。有岱山、飛山。建安舊置建安郡。平陳廢。南安舊曰晉安，置南安郡。平陳，郡廢，縣改名焉；又置莆田縣，尋廢入焉。龍溪梁置，開皇十二年並蘭水、綏安二縣入焉。遂安郡仁壽三年置睦州。

Min was formerly called Eastern Houguan and had Jin'an Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Yuanfeng. In year twelve it was changed to Min, and at the beginning of Daye, Jian'an Commandery was established. It had Dai Mountain and Fei Mountain. Jian'an formerly had Jian'an Commandery established there, which was abolished when Chen was pacified. Nan'an was formerly called Jin'an and had Nan'an Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and the county's name was changed. Putian County was also established and soon abolished into it. Longxi was established by Liang; in Kaihuang year twelve Lanshui and Sui'an counties were merged into it. Sui'an Commandery had Muzhou established in Renshou year three.

150

閩

Min

151

建安

Jian'an

152

南安

Nan'an

153

龍溪遂安郡遂安郡置睦州。統縣三，戸七千三百四十三。

Longxi. Sui'an Commandery. Sui'an Commandery—Muzhou was established. The commandery governed 3 counties with a registered population of 7,343 households.

154

雉山舊置新安郡。平陳，廢爲新安縣。大業初縣改名焉，置遂安郡。有仙壇山。

Zhishan formerly had Xin'an Commandery. When Chen was pacified, it was abolished as Xin'an County. At the beginning of Daye the county was renamed, Sui'an Commandery was established, and it had Xiantan Mountain.

155

遂安平陳廢，仁壽中複。

Sui'an was abolished when Chen was pacified and restored during Renshou.

156

桐廬平陳廢，仁壽中複。有白石山。鄱陽郡梁置吳州，陳廢。平陳，置饒州。統縣三，戸一萬一百二。

Tonglu was abolished when Chen was pacified and restored during Renshou. It had Baishi Mountain. Poyang Commandery had Wuzhou established by Liang and abolished by Chen. After Chen was pacified, Raozhou was established. The commandery governed 3 counties with a registered population of 10,102 households.

157

鄱陽舊置鄱陽郡。平陳廢，又有陳銀城縣廢入焉。大業初複置郡。

Poyang formerly had Poyang Commandery. It was abolished when Chen was pacified, and the Chen county of Yincheng was merged into it; the commandery was restored at the beginning of Daye.

158

余幹

Yugan.

159

弋陽舊曰葛陽，開皇十二年改。有弋水。臨川郡平陳，置撫州。統縣四，戸一萬九百。

Yiyang was formerly called Geyang and was renamed in Kaihuang 12. It had the Yi River. Linchuan Commandery had Fuzhou established when Chen was pacified. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 10,900 households.

160

臨川舊置臨川郡。平陳，郡廢，大業三年複置郡。有銅山、黃山。有夢水。南城有五章山。崇仁梁置巴山郡，領大豐、新安、巴山、新建、興平、豐城、西寧七縣。平陳，郡縣並廢，以置縣焉。邵武開皇十二年置。廬陵郡平陳，置吉州。

Linchuan formerly had Linchuan Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished; in Daye year three the commandery was restored. It had Tong Mountain and Huang Mountain. It had the Meng River. Nancheng had Wuzhang Mountain. Chongren had Bashan Commandery established by Liang, governing the seven counties Dafeng, Xin'an, Bashan, Xinjian, Xingping, Fengcheng, and Xining. When Chen was pacified, the commandery and counties were all abolished and this county was established. Shaowu was established in Kaihuang year twelve. Luling Commandery had Jizhou established when Chen was pacified.

161

臨川

Linchuan

162

南城

Nancheng

163

崇仁

Chongren

164

邵武廬陵郡廬陵郡平陳，置吉州。統縣四，戸二萬三千七百一十四。

Shaowu. Luling Commandery. Luling Commandery—when Chen was pacified, Jizhou was established. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 23,714 households.

165

廬陵舊置廬陵郡。平陳廢，大業初複置。

Luling formerly had Luling Commandery; it was abolished when Chen was pacified and restored at the beginning of Daye.

166

泰和平陳置，曰西昌。十一年省東昌入，更名焉。

Taihe was established when Chen was pacified as Xichang. In year eleven Dongchang was merged into it, and the name was changed.

167

安復舊置安成郡。平陳，郡廢，縣改曰安成。十八年又曰安複。有更生山、長嶺。

Anfu formerly had Ancheng Commandery. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and the county was renamed Ancheng; in year eighteen it was again called Anfu. It had Gengsheng Mountain and Chang Ridge.

168

新淦有玉笥山。南康郡開皇九年置虔州。統縣四，戸一萬一千一百六十八。

Xingan had Yusi Mountain. Nankang Commandery had Qianzhou established in Kaihuang 9. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 11,168 households.

169

贛舊曰南康，置南康郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初縣改名焉，尋置郡。有儲山。有贛水。虔化舊曰寧都，開皇十八年改名焉。有石鼓山。雩都舊廢，平陳置。有金雞山、君山。南康舊曰贛，大業初改名焉。有廩山、上洛山、贛山。宜春郡平陳，置袁州。

Gan was formerly called Nankang and had Nankang Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the county's name was changed, and soon a commandery was established. It had Chu Mountain and the Gan River. Qianhua was formerly called Ningdu and was renamed in Kaihuang year eighteen. It had Shigu Mountain. Yudu had long been abolished and was established when Chen was pacified. It had Jinji Mountain and Jun Mountain. Nankang was formerly called Gan and was renamed at the beginning of Daye. It had Lin Mountain, Shangluo Mountain, and Gan Mountain. Yichun Commandery had Yuanzhou established when Chen was pacified.

170

贛

Gan

171

虔化

Qianhua

172

雩都

Yudu

173

南康宜春郡宜春郡平陳，置袁州。統縣三，戸一萬一百一十六。

Nankang. Yichun Commandery. Yichun Commandery—when Chen was pacified, Yuanzhou was established. The commandery governed 3 counties with a registered population of 10,116 households.

174

宜春舊曰宜陽。開皇十一年廢吳平縣入，十八年改名焉。大業初置郡。有廬溪、渝水。

Yichun was formerly called Yiyang. Wuping County was merged into it in Kaihuang 11, it was renamed in year eighteen, and the commandery was established at the beginning of Daye. It had Lu Creek and the Yu River.

175

萍鄉有宜春江。

Pingxiang had the Yichun River.

176

新喻豫章郡平陳，置洪州總管府。大業初府廢。統縣四，戸一萬二千二十一。

Xinyu and Yuzhang Commandery had the Hongzhou grand administrative office established when Chen was pacified. The grand administrative office was abolished at the start of the Daye era. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 12,021 households.

177

豫章舊置豫章郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初複置郡。

Yuzhang formerly had Yuzhang Commandery. It was abolished when Chen was pacified and restored at the beginning of Daye.

178

豐城平陳廢。十二年置，曰廣豐。仁壽初改名焉。

Fengcheng was abolished when Chen was pacified. It was established in year twelve as Guangfeng and renamed at the beginning of Renshou.

179

建昌開皇九年省並、永修、豫章、新吳四縣入焉。

In Kaihuang 9, Bing, Yongxiu, Yuzhang, and Xinwu counties were merged into Jianchang.

180

建城有然石。平陳，置總管府。仁壽元年置番州，大業初府廢。統縣十五，戸三萬七千四百八十二。

Jiancheng had burning stone. After Chen was pacified, a grand administrative office was established. In the first year of Renshou, Fanzhou was established; at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 15 counties with a registered population of 37,482 households.

181

南海舊置南海郡。平陳，郡廢；又分置番禺縣，尋廢入焉。大業初置郡。曲江舊置始興郡。平陳廢，十六年又廢湞陽縣入焉。有玉山、銀山。始興齊曰正階，梁改名焉，又置安遠郡，置東衡州。平陳，改郡置大庾縣，又于此置廣州總管。開皇末移向南海，又十六年廢大庾入焉。翁源梁置，陳又置清遠郡。平陳郡廢。增城舊置東官郡。平陳廢。有羅浮山。寶安樂昌梁置，曰梁化，又分置平石縣。開皇十二年省平石入，十八年改焉。四會舊置綏建郡，又有樂昌郡。平陳，二郡並廢。大業初又並始昌縣入焉。化蒙大業初廢威城縣入焉。清遠舊置清遠郡，又分置威正、廉平、恩洽、浮護等四縣。平陳並廢，以置清遠縣。又齊置齊康郡，至是亦廢入焉。含洭梁置衡州、陽山郡。平陳，州改曰洭州，廢郡。二十年州廢。有堯山。政賓舊置東官郡。平陳，郡廢。懷集新會舊置新會郡。平陳，郡廢，又並盆允，永昌、新建、熙潭、化召、懷集六縣入，爲封州。十一年改爲允州，後又改爲岡州。大業初州廢，並廢封樂縣入。有社山。義寧開皇十年廢新夷、初賓二縣入；又有始康縣，廢入封平。大業初又廢封平入焉。有茂山。龍川郡平陳，置循州總管府。

Nanhai formerly had Nanhai Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished; Fanyu County was also divided off and established, then soon abolished into it. At the beginning of Daye, the commandery was established. Qujiang formerly had Shixing Commandery established there. It was abolished when Chen was pacified, and in year sixteen Zhenyang County was also abolished into it. It had Yu Mountain and Yin Mountain. Shixing was called Zhengjie by Qi; Liang changed the name and also established Anyuan Commandery and Eastern Hengzhou there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was changed and Dayu County was established, and the Guangzhou grand administrative office was also established here. At the end of Kaihuang it was moved toward Nanhai, and in year sixteen Dayu was also abolished into it. Wengyuan was established by Liang, and Chen also established Qingyuan Commandery there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Zengcheng formerly had Dongguan Commandery established there. It was abolished when Chen was pacified. It had Luofu Mountain. Bao'an and Lechang were established by Liang and called Lianghua; Pingshi County was also divided off and established. In Kaihuang year twelve Pingshi was abolished into it, and in year eighteen the name was changed. Sihui formerly had Suijian Commandery and also had Lechang Commandery. When Chen was pacified, the two commanderies were both abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Shichang County was also merged into it. Huameng had Weicheng County abolished into it at the beginning of Daye. Qingyuan formerly had Qingyuan Commandery established there, and Weizheng, Lianping, Enqia, and Fuhu counties were divided off and established. When Chen was pacified, all were abolished and Qingyuan County was established. Qi had also established Qikang Commandery, which by this time was also abolished into it. Hanguang had Hengzhou and Yangshan Commandery established by Liang. When Chen was pacified, the province was changed to Guangzhou and the commandery was abolished. In year twenty the province was abolished. It had Yao Mountain. Zhengbin formerly had Dongguan Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Huaiji and Xinhui formerly had Xinhui Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Penyun, Yongchang, Xinjian, Xitan, Huazhao, and Huaiji counties were also merged into it to make Fengzhou. In year eleven it was changed to Yunzhou and later again changed to Gangzhou. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Fengle County was also abolished into it. It had She Mountain. Yining had Xinyi and Chubin counties abolished into it in Kaihuang year ten; it also had Shikang County, which was abolished into Fengping. At the beginning of Daye, Fengping was also abolished into it. It had Mao Mountain. Longchuan Commandery had the Xunzhou grand administrative office established when Chen was pacified.

182

南海

Nanhai

183

曲江

Qujiang

184

始興

Shixing

185

翁源

Wengyuan

186

增城

Zengcheng

187

寶安

Bao'an

188

樂昌

Lechang

189

四會

Sihui

190

化蒙

Huameng

191

清遠

Qingyuan

192

含洭

Hanheng

193

政賓

Zhengpin

194

懷集

Huaiji

195

新會

Xinhui

196

義寧龍川郡龍川郡平陳，置循州總管府。大業初府廢。統縣五，戸六千四百二十。

Yining. Longchuan Commandery. Longchuan Commandery—when Chen was pacified, the Xunzhou grand administrative office was established. The grand administrative office was abolished at the start of the Daye era. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 6,420 households.

197

歸善帶郡。有歸化山、懷安山。河源開皇十一年省龍川縣入焉。又有新豐縣，十八年改曰休吉，大業初省入焉。有龍山、亢山。有修江。博羅興甯海豐有黑龍山。有漲海。義安郡梁置東揚州，後改曰瀛州，及陳州廢。

Guishan was attached to the commandery. It had Guihua Mountain and Huaian Mountain. Heyuan: in the eleventh year of Kaihuang, Longchuan County was abolished and merged into it. It also had Xinfeng County; in the eighteenth year it was renamed Xiuji, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished and merged into Heyuan. It had Long Mountain and Kang Mountain. It had the Xiu River. Boluo, Xingning, and Haifeng had Heilong Mountain. They had the Zhang Sea. Yi’an Commandery: Liang established Eastern Yangzhou there; later it was changed to Yingzhou, and when Chen was pacified the province was abolished.

201

平陳，置潮州。統縣五，戸二千六十六。

After Chen was pacified, Chaozhou was established. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 2,066 households.

202

海陽舊置義安郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初置郡。有風皇山。

Haiyang formerly had Yi'an Commandery; it was abolished when Chen was pacified and restored at the beginning of Daye. It had Fenghuang Mountain.

203

程鄉

Chengxiang.

204

潮陽

Chaoyang.

205

海甯有龍溪山。

Haining had Longxi Mountain.

206

萬川舊曰義招，大業初改名焉。高涼郡梁置高州。統縣九，戸九千九百一十七。

Wanchuan was formerly called Yizhao and was renamed at the beginning of Daye. Gaoliang Commandery had Gaozhou established by Liang. The commandery governed 9 counties with a registered population of 9,917 households.

207

高涼舊置高涼郡。平陳廢，大業初複置。連江梁置連江郡。平陳，郡廢。梁又置梁封縣，開皇十八年改爲義封。梁又置南巴郡。平陳，郡廢爲南巴縣。大業初二縣並廢入。電白梁置電白郡。平陳，郡廢。又有海昌郡廢入焉。杜原舊曰杜陵。梁置杜陵郡，又有永甯、宋康二郡。平陳，並廢爲縣。十八年改杜陵曰杜原，宋康曰義康。大業二年二縣並廢入杜原。海安舊曰齊安，置齊安郡。平陳，郡廢。開皇十八年改縣名焉。陽春梁置陽春郡。平陳，郡廢。石龍舊置羅州、高興郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初州廢。吳川茂名信安郡平陳，置端州。

Gaoliang formerly had Gaoliang Commandery established there. It was abolished when Chen was pacified and restored at the beginning of Daye. Lianjiang had Lianjiang Commandery established by Liang. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Liang also established Liangfeng County, which in Kaihuang year eighteen was changed to Yifeng. Liang also established Nanba Commandery. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished to become Nanba County. At the beginning of Daye the two counties were both abolished into Gaoliang. Dianbai had Dianbai Commandery established by Liang. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. It also had Haichang Commandery abolished into it. Duyuan was formerly called Duling. Liang established Duling Commandery there, and it also had Yongning and Songkang commanderies. When Chen was pacified, all were abolished to become counties. In year eighteen Duling was changed to Duyuan and Songkang to Yikang. In Daye year two the two counties were both abolished into Duyuan. Hai'an was formerly called Qi'an and had Qi'an Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. In Kaihuang year eighteen the county's name was changed. Yangchun had Yangchun Commandery established by Liang. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Shilong formerly had Luozhou and Gaoxing Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Wuchuan and Maoming, Xinan Commandery: when Chen was pacified, Duanzhou was established.

208

高涼

Gaoliang

209

連江

Lianjiang

210

電白

Dianbai

211

杜原

Duyuan

212

海安

Hai'an

213

陽春

Yangchun

214

石龍

Shilong

215

吳川

Wuchuan

216

茂名信安郡信安郡平陳，置端州。統縣七，戸一萬七千七百八十七。

Maoming. Xin'an Commandery. Xin'an Commandery—when Chen was pacified, Duanzhou was established. The commandery governed 7 counties with a registered population of 17,787 households.

217

高要舊置高要郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初置信安郡。有定山。端溪舊置晉康郡。平陳，郡廢。有端水。樂城開皇十二年廢文招、悅成二縣入。平興舊置宋隆郡，領初甯、建甯、熙穆、崇德、召興、崇化、南安等縣。平陳，郡廢，並所領縣入焉。又梁置梁泰郡及縣。平陳，郡廢，縣改曰清泰。大業初廢入焉。新興梁置新州、新寧郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初州廢，又廢索盧縣入焉。博林大業初廢撫納縣入。銅陵有流南縣，開皇十八年改曰南流。又有西城縣，大業初廢入。永熙郡梁置瀧州。

Gaoyao formerly had Gaoyao Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Xin'an Commandery was established. It had Ding Mountain. Duanxi formerly had Jinkang Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. It had the Duan River. Lecheng had Wenzhao and Yuecheng counties abolished into it in Kaihuang year twelve. Pingxing formerly had Songlong Commandery established there, governing such counties as Chuning, Jianning, Ximu, Chongde, Zhaoxing, Chonghua, and Nan'an. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and its governed counties were all merged into it. Liang also established Liangtai Commandery and a county. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Qingtai. At the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Pingxing. Xinxing had Xinzhou and Xinning Commandery established by Liang. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Suolu County was also abolished into it. Bolin had Funa County abolished into it at the beginning of Daye. Tongling had Liunan County, which in Kaihuang year eighteen was changed to Nanliu. It also had Xicheng County, which at the beginning of Daye was abolished into it. Yongxi Commandery had Longzhou established by Liang.

218

高要

Gaoyao

219

端溪

Duanxi

220

樂城

Lecheng

221

平興

Pingxing

222

新興

Xinxing

223

博林

Bolin

224

銅陵永熙郡永熙郡梁置瀧州。統縣六，戸一萬四千三百一十九。

Tongling. Yongxi Commandery. Yongxi Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Longzhou was established. The commandery governed 6 counties with a registered population of 14,319 households.

225

瀧水舊置開陽縣，置開陽、平原、羅陽等郡。平陳，郡並廢，以名縣。開皇十八年改平原曰瀧水，羅陽縣爲正義。大業初置永熙郡，開陽、正義俱廢入焉。懷德舊曰梁德，置梁德郡。平陳，廢郡。十八年改名懷德。良德陳置，曰務德，後改名焉。安遂梁置建州、廣熙郡，尋廢。州大業初廢。永業梁置永業郡，尋改爲縣，後省。開皇十六年又置。永熙大業初並安南縣入。蒼梧郡梁置成州，開皇初改爲封州。

Longshui formerly had Kaiyang County established there, as well as such commanderies as Kaiyang, Pingyuan, and Luoyang. When Chen was pacified, the commanderies were all abolished and the county was named from them. In Kaihuang year eighteen Pingyuan was changed to Longshui, and Luoyang County became Zhengyi. At the beginning of Daye, Yongxi Commandery was established, and Kaiyang and Zhengyi were both abolished into it. Huaide was formerly called Liangde and had Liangde Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen its name was changed to Huaide. Liangde was established by Chen and called Wude; later its name was changed. Ansui had Jianzhou and Guangxi Commandery established by Liang, which were soon abolished. The province was abolished at the beginning of Daye. Yongye had Yongye Commandery established by Liang; soon it was changed to a county and later abolished. In Kaihuang year sixteen it was established again. Yongxi had Annan County merged into it at the beginning of Daye. Cangwu Commandery had Chengzhou established by Liang; at the beginning of Kaihuang it was changed to Fengzhou.

226

瀧水

Longshui

227

懷德

Huaide

228

良德

Liangde

229

安遂

An'sui

230

永業

Yongye

231

永熙蒼梧郡蒼梧郡梁置成州，開皇初改爲封州。統縣四，戸四千五百七十八。

Yongxi. Cangwu Commandery. Cangwu Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Chengzhou was established; at the beginning of Kaihuang it was changed to Fengzhou. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 4,578 households.

232

封川梁曰梁信，置梁信郡。平陳，郡廢。十八年改爲封川。大業初又廢封興縣入焉。

Fengchuan was called Liangxin under Liang, with Liangxin Commandery established there. The commandery was abolished when Chen was pacified; in year eighteen it was renamed Fengchuan, and at the beginning of Daye Fengxing County was merged into it.

233

都城開皇十二年省威城、晉化二縣入焉。

In Kaihuang 12, Weicheng and Jinhua counties were merged into Ducheng.

234

蒼梧舊置蒼梧郡。平陳，郡廢。}

Cangwu formerly had Cangwu Commandery established, as noted in the geography treatise. After Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished.

235

封陽始安郡始安郡梁置桂州。平陳，置總管府。大業元年府廢。統縣十五，戸五萬四千五百一十七。

Fengyang. Shi'an Commandery. Shi'an Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Guizhou was established. After Chen was pacified, a grand administrative office was established. In the first year of Daye, the grand administrative office was abolished. The commandery governed 15 counties with a registered population of 54,517 households.

236

始安舊置始安、梁化二郡。平陳，郡並廢。大業初廢興安縣入焉。平樂有目山。荔浦建陵陽朔象隋化義熙舊曰齊熙，置齊熙、黃水二郡及東寧州。平陳，郡並廢。十八年改州曰融州，縣曰義熙。大業初州廢，並廢臨䍧、黃水二縣入焉。龍城梁置。馬平開皇十二年置象州，大業初州廢。桂林大業初並西寧縣入。陽壽有馬平、桂林、象、韶陽等四郡。平陳，並廢。又有淮陽縣，開皇十八年改曰陽寧。大業初省入焉。富川舊置臨賀、樂梁二郡。平陳，並廢，置賀州。大業初州廢，又置臨賀、綏越、蕩山三縣入焉。龍平梁置靜州，梁壽、靜慰二郡。平陳，並廢，又置歸化縣。大業初州廢，又廢歸化、安樂、博勞三縣入焉。豪靜梁置開江、武城二郡，陳置逍遙郡。平陳，郡並廢。又有猛陵、開江二縣，大業初並廢入焉。永平郡平陳，置藤州。

Shi'an formerly had Shi'an and Lianghua commanderies established there. When Chen was pacified, both commanderies were abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Xing'an County was abolished into it. Pingle had Mu Mountain. Lipu, Jianling, Yangshuo, Xiang, Suihua, and Yixi: Yixi was formerly called Qixi and had Qixi and Huangshui commanderies and Eastern Ningzhou established there. When Chen was pacified, the commanderies were both abolished. In year eighteen the province was changed to Rongzhou and the county to Yixi. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Linzang and Huangshui counties were also abolished into it. Longcheng was established by Liang. Maping had Xiangzhou established in Kaihuang year twelve, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Guilin had Xining County merged into it at the beginning of Daye. Yangshou had the four commanderies Maping, Guilin, Xiang, and Shaoyang. When Chen was pacified, all were abolished. It also had Huaiyang County, which in Kaihuang year eighteen was changed to Yangning. At the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Yangshou. Fuchuan formerly had Linhe and Leliang commanderies established there. When Chen was pacified, both were abolished and Hezhou was established. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Linhe, Suiyue, and Dangshan counties were also established into it. Longping had Jingzhou and the two commanderies Liangshou and Jingwei established by Liang. When Chen was pacified, all were abolished, and Guihua County was also established. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Guihua, Anle, and Bolao counties were also abolished into it. Haojing had Kaijiang and Wucheng commanderies established by Liang, and Xiaoyao Commandery established by Chen. When Chen was pacified, the commanderies were all abolished. It also had Mengling and Kaijiang counties, which at the beginning of Daye were both abolished into it. Yongping Commandery had Tengzhou established when Chen was pacified.

237

始安

Shi'an

238

平樂

Pingle

239

荔浦

Lipu

240

建陵

Jianling

241

陽朔

Yangshuo

242

象

Xiang

243

隋化

Suihua

244

義熙

Yixi

245

龍城

Longcheng

246

馬平

Maping

247

桂林

Guilin

248

陽壽

Yangshou

249

富川

Fuchuan

250

龍平

Longping

251

豪靜永平郡永平郡平陳，置藤州。統縣十一，戸三萬四千四十九。

Haojing. Yongping Commandery. Yongping Commandery—when Chen was pacified, Tengzhou was established. The commandery governed 11 counties with a registered population of 34,049 households.

252

永平舊置永平郡。平陳，郡廢。大業置郡。武林有燕石山。隋建開皇十九年置。安基梁置建陵郡。平陳，郡廢。隋安開皇十九年置。普甯舊曰陰石，梁置陰石郡。平陳，郡廢，改縣爲奉化。開皇十九年又改名焉。戎成梁置，曰遂成。開皇十一年改名焉。有農山。寧人開皇十五年置，曰安人。十八年改名焉。有壽原山。淳人開皇十九年置。大賓開皇十五年置。賀川開皇十九年置，又陳置建陵、綏越、蒼梧、永建等四郡。平陳，並廢。郁林郡梁置定州，後改爲南定州。

Yongping formerly had Yongping Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. During Daye the commandery was established. Wulin had Yanshi Mountain. Suijian was established in Kaihuang year nineteen. Anji had Jianling Commandery established by Liang. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Sui'an was established in Kaihuang year nineteen. Puning was formerly called Yinshi; Liang established Yinshi Commandery there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Fenghua. In Kaihuang year nineteen its name was again changed. Rongcheng was established by Liang and called Suicheng; in Kaihuang year eleven the name was changed. It had Nong Mountain. Ningren was established in Kaihuang year fifteen and called Anren; in year eighteen its name was changed. It had Shouyuan Mountain. Chunren was established in Kaihuang year nineteen. Dabin was established in Kaihuang year fifteen. Hechuan was established in Kaihuang year nineteen, and Chen also established the four commanderies Jianling, Suiyue, Cangwu, and Yongjian. When Chen was pacified, all were abolished. Yulin Commandery had Dingzhou established by Liang, later changed to Southern Dingzhou.

253

永平

Yongping

254

武林

Wulin

255

隋建

Suijian

256

安基

An'ji

257

隋安

Sui'an

258

普甯

Puning

259

戎成

Rongcheng

260

寧人

Ningren

261

淳人

Chunren

262

大賓

Dabin

263

賀川郁林郡郁林郡梁置定州，後改爲南定州。平陳，改爲尹州。大業初改爲鬱州。統縣十二，戸五萬九千二百。

Hechuan. Yulin Commandery. Yulin Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Dingzhou was established; afterward it was changed to Southern Dingzhou. After Chen was pacified, it was changed to Yinzhou. At the beginning of Daye it was changed to Yu Province, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 12 counties with a registered population of 59,200 households.

264

郁林舊置郁林郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初又置郡，又廢武平、龍山、懷澤、布山四縣入。郁平領方梁置領方郡。平陳，郡廢。阿林石南陳置石南郡。平陳，廢郡。桂平梁置桂平郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初又廢皇化縣入。馬度安成梁置安成郡。平陳，郡廢。甯浦舊置寧浦郡，梁分立簡陽郡。平陳，郡廢，置簡州。十八年改爲緣州。大業二年州廢。樂山梁置樂陽郡。平陳，改爲樂陽縣。十八年改名焉。嶺山梁置嶺山郡。平陳，改爲嶺縣。十八年改爲嶺山。大業初並武緣縣入。有武緣山。宣化舊置晉興郡。平陳，廢爲縣。開皇十八年改名焉。合浦郡舊置越州。

Yulin formerly had Yulin Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was again established, and Wuping, Longshan, Huaize, and Bushan counties were also abolished into it. Yuping and Lingfang: Liang established Lingfang Commandery. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Alin and Shinan: Chen established Shinan Commandery. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Guiping had Guiping Commandery established by Liang. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Huanghua County was also abolished into it. Madu and Ancheng had Ancheng Commandery established by Liang. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Ningpu formerly had Ningpu Commandery established there; Liang divided off and established Jianyang Commandery. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and Jianzhou was established. In year eighteen it was changed to Yuanzhou. In Daye year two the province was abolished. Leshan had Leyang Commandery established by Liang. When Chen was pacified, it was changed to Leyang County. In year eighteen its name was changed. Lingshan had Lingshan Commandery established by Liang. When Chen was pacified, it was changed to Ling County. In year eighteen it was changed to Lingshan. At the beginning of Daye, Wuyuan County was merged into it. It had Wuyuan Mountain. Xuanhua formerly had Jinxing Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, it was abolished to become a county. In Kaihuang year eighteen its name was changed. Hepu Commandery formerly had Yuezhou established there.

265

郁林

Yulin

266

郁平

Yuping

267

領方

Lingfang

268

阿林

Alin

269

石南

Shinan

270

桂平

Guiping

271

馬度

Madou

272

安成

An'cheng

273

甯浦

Ningpu

274

樂山

Leshan

275

嶺山

Lingshan

276

宣化合浦郡合浦郡舊置越州。大業初改爲祿州，尋改爲合州。統縣十一，戸二萬八千六百九十。

Xuanhua. Hepu Commandery. Hepu Commandery formerly had Yuezhou established. At the beginning of Daye it was changed to Luzhou; soon it was again changed to Hezhou, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 11 counties with a registered population of 28,690 households.

277

合浦舊置合浦郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初置郡。南昌北流大業初廢陸川縣入。封山大業初廢廉昌縣入。定川舊立定川郡。平陳，郡廢。龍蘇舊置龍蘇郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初又並大廉縣入。海康梁大通中，割番州合浦立高州，尋又分立合州。大同末，以合肥爲合州，此置南合州。平陳，以此爲合州，置海康縣。大業初州廢，又廢摸落、羅阿、雷川三縣入。抱成舊曰抱，並置郡。平陳，郡廢。十八年改曰抱成。隋康舊曰齊康，置齊康郡。平陳，郡廢，縣改名焉。扇沙舊有椹縣，開皇十八年改爲椹川，大業初廢入。鐵杷開皇十年置。珠崖郡梁置崖州。

Hepu formerly had Hepu Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, the commandery was established. Nanchang and Beiliu had Luchuan County abolished into them at the beginning of Daye. Fengshan had Lianchang County abolished into it at the beginning of Daye. Dingchuan formerly had Dingchuan Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Longsu formerly had Longsu Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Dalian County was also merged into it. Haikang: in Liang's Datong era, Gaozhou was established by cutting off Hepu from Fanzhou, and soon Hezhou was also divided off and established. At the end of Datong, Hefei was made Hezhou, and Southern Hezhou was established here. When Chen was pacified, this became Hezhou and Haikang County was established. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Moluo, Luo'a, and Leichuan counties were also abolished into it. Baocheng was formerly called Bao, and a commandery was also established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen it was changed to Baocheng. Suikang was formerly called Qikang and had Qikang Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and the county's name was changed. Shansha formerly had Shen County; in Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed to Shenchuan, and at the beginning of Daye it was abolished into Shansha. Tiepa was established in Kaihuang year ten. Zhuya Commandery had Yazhou established by Liang.

278

合浦

Hepu

279

南昌

Nanchang

280

北流

Beiliu

281

封山

Fengshan

282

定川

Dingchuan

283

龍蘇

Longsu

284

海康

Haikang

285

抱成

Baocheng

286

隋康

Suikang

287

扇沙

Shansha

288

鐵杷珠崖郡珠崖郡梁置崖州。統縣十，戸一萬九千五百。

Tieba. Zhuya Commandery. Zhuya Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Yazhou was established. The commandery governed 10 counties with a registered population of 19,500 households.

289

義倫帶郡。

Yilun carried the commandery seat.

290

感恩

Ganen

291

顏盧

Yanlu

292

毗善

Pishan

293

昌化有藤山。

Changhua had Teng Mountain.

294

吉安

Ji'an

295

延德

Yande

296

寧遠

Ningyuan

297

澄邁

Chengmai

298

武德有扶山。甯越郡梁置安州，開皇十八年改曰欽州。統縣六，戸一萬二千六百七十。

Wude had Fu Mountain. Ningyue Commandery had Anzhou established by Liang and renamed Qinzhou in Kaihuang 18. The commandery governed 6 counties with a registered population of 12,670 households.

299

欽江舊置宋壽郡。平陳，郡廢。開皇十八年改曰欽江，大業初置寧越郡。安京舊置安京郡。平陳，郡廢。有羅浮山。有武郎江。內亭舊置宋廣郡。平陳，郡廢。十七年改曰新化縣，十八年改名焉。南賓開皇十八年置。遵化開皇二十年置。海安梁置，曰安平，置黃州及寧海郡。平陳，郡廢。十八年改州曰玉州。大業初州廢，其年又省海平、玉山二縣入。交趾郡舊曰交州。

Qinjiang formerly had Songshou Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. In Kaihuang year eighteen it was changed to Qinjiang, and at the beginning of Daye, Ningyue Commandery was established. Anjing formerly had Anjing Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. It had Luofu Mountain and the Wulang River. Neiting formerly had Songguang Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. In year seventeen it was changed to Xinhua County, and in year eighteen its name was changed. Nanbin was established in Kaihuang year eighteen. Zunhua was established in Kaihuang year twenty. Hai'an was established by Liang and called Anping; Huangzhou and Ninghai Commandery were established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen the province was changed to Yuzhou. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and that year Haiping and Yushan counties were also abolished into it. Jiaozhi Commandery was formerly Jiaozhou.

300

欽江

Qinjiang

301

安京

An'jing

302

內亭

Neiting

303

南賓

Nanbin

304

遵化

Zunhua

305

海安交趾郡交趾郡舊曰交州。統縣九，戸三萬五十六。

Hai'an. Jiaozhi Commandery. Jiaozhi Commandery was formerly called Jiaozhou. The commandery governed 9 counties with a registered population of 30,056 households.

306

宋平舊置宋平郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初置交趾郡。龍編舊置交趾郡。平陳，郡廢。硃枿舊置武平郡。平陳，郡廢。隆平舊曰武定，置武平郡。平陳，郡廢。開皇十八年縣改名焉。平道舊曰國昌，開皇十二年改名焉。交趾嘉寧舊置興州、新昌郡。平陳，郡廢。十八年改曰峰州，大業初州廢。新昌安人舊曰臨西，開皇十八年改名焉。九真郡梁置愛州。

Songping formerly had Songping Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Jiaozhi Commandery was established. Longbian formerly had Jiaozhi Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Zhuni formerly had Wuping Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Longping was formerly called Wuding and had Wuping Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. In Kaihuang year eighteen the county's name was changed. Pingdao was formerly called Guochang; in Kaihuang year twelve its name was changed. Jiaozhi and Jianing formerly had Xingzhou and Xinchang Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen it was changed to Fengzhou, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Xinchang and Anren were formerly called Linxi; in Kaihuang year eighteen the name was changed. Jiuzhen Commandery had Aizhou established by Liang.

307

宋平

Songping

308

龍編

Longbian

309

硃枿

Zhufa

310

隆平

Longping

311

平道

Pingdao

312

交趾

Jiaozhi

313

嘉寧

Jianing

314

新昌

Xinchang

315

安人九真郡九真郡梁置愛州。統縣七，戸一萬六千一百三十五。

Anren. Jiuzhen Commandery. Jiuzhen Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Aizhou was established. The commandery governed 7 counties with a registered population of 16,135 households.

316

九真帶郡。有陽山、堯山。

Jiuzhen carried the commandery seat and had Yang Mountain and Yao Mountain.

317

移風舊置九真郡。平陳，郡廢。

Yifeng formerly had Jiuzhen Commandery, which was abolished when Chen was pacified.

318

胥浦

Xupu

319

隆安

Long'an

320

軍安

Jun'an

321

安順舊曰常樂，開皇十六年改名焉。

Anshun was formerly called Changle and was renamed in Kaihuang 16.

322

日南日南郡梁置德州，開皇十八年改曰驩州。統縣八，戸九千九百一十五。

Rinan. Rinan Commandery had Dezhou established by Liang and renamed Huanzhou in Kaihuang 18. The commandery governed 8 counties with a registered population of 9,915 households.

323

九德帶郡。

Jiude carried the commandery seat.

324

咸驩

Xianhuan

325

浦陽

Puyang

326

越常

Yuechang

327

金甯梁置利州。開皇十八年改爲智州，大業初州廢。

Jinning had Lizhou established by Liang, renamed Zhizhou in Kaihuang 18, and abolished at the beginning of Daye.

328

交谷梁置明州，大業初州廢。

Jiaogu had Mingzhou established by Liang and abolished at the beginning of Daye.

329

安遠

An'yuan

330

光安舊曰西安，開皇十八年改名焉。比景郡大業元年平林邑，置蕩州，尋改爲郡。統縣四，戸一千八百一十五。

Guang'an was formerly called Xi'an and was renamed in Kaihuang 18. Bijing Commandery was created after Linyi was pacified in Daye 1: Dangzhou was established and soon changed to a commandery. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 1,815 households.

331

比景

Bijing

332

硃吾

Zhuwu

333

壽泠

Shouling

334

西捲海陰郡海陰郡大業元年平林邑，置農州，尋改爲郡。統縣四，戸一千一百。

Xijuan. Haiyin Commandery. Haiyin Commandery—in the first year of Daye, Linyi was pacified and Nongzhou was established; soon it was changed to a commandery. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 1,100 households.

335

新容

Xinrong

336

真龍

Zhenlong

337

多農

Duonong

338

安樂林邑郡林邑郡大業元年平林邑，置沖州，尋改爲郡。統縣四，戸一千二百二十。

Anle. Linyi Commandery. Linyi Commandery—in the first year of Daye, Linyi was pacified and Chongzhou was established; soon it was changed to a commandery. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 1,220 households.

339

象浦

Xiangpu

340

金山

Jinshan

341

交江

Jiaojiang

342

南極

Naji

343

揚州于《禹貢》爲淮海之地。在天官，自斗十二度至須女七度，爲星紀，於辰在丑，吳、越得其分野。江南之俗，火耕水耨，食魚與稻，以漁獵爲業，雖無蓄積之資，然而亦無饑餒。其俗信鬼神，好淫祀，父子或異居，此大抵然也。江都、弋陽、淮南、鐘離、蘄春、同安、廬江、曆陽，人性並躁勁，風氣果決，包藏禍害，視死如歸，戰而貴詐，此則其舊風也。自平陳之後，其俗頗變，尚淳質，好儉約，喪紀婚姻，率漸於禮。其俗之敝者，稍愈于古焉。丹陽舊京所在，人物本盛，小人率多商販，君子資于官祿，市厘列肆，埒於二京，人雜五方，故俗頗相類。京口東通吳會，南接江湖，西連都邑，亦一都會也。其人本並習戰，號爲天下精兵。俗以五月五日爲鬥力之戲，各料強弱相敵，事類講武。宣城、毗陵、吳郡、會稽、餘杭、東陽，其俗亦同。然數郡川澤沃衍，有海陸之饒，珍異所聚，故商賈並湊。其人君子尚禮，庸庶敦厖，故風俗澄清，而道教隆洽，亦其風氣所尚也。豫章之俗，頗同吳中，其君子善居室，小人勤耕稼。衣冠之人，多有數婦，暴面市廛，競分銖以給其夫。及舉孝廉，更要富者，前妻雖有積年之勤，子女盈室，猶見放逐，以避後人。俗少爭訟，而尚歌舞。一年蠶四五熟，勤於紡績，亦有夜浣紗而旦成布者，俗呼爲雞鳴布。新安、永嘉、建安、遂安、鄱陽、九江、臨川、廬陵、南康、宜春，其俗又頗同豫章，而廬陵人厖淳，率多壽考。然此數郡，往往畜蠱，而宜春偏甚。其法以五月五日聚百種蟲，大者至蛇，小者至虱，合置器中，令自相啖，餘一種存者留之，蛇則曰蛇蠱，虱則曰虱蠱，行以殺人。因食入人腹內，食其五藏，死則其產移入蠱主之家。三年不殺他人，則畜者自鐘其弊。累世子孫相傳不絕，亦有隨女子嫁焉。幹寶謂之爲鬼，其實非也。自侯景亂後，蠱家多絕，既無主人，故飛游道路之中則殞焉。

In the "Tribute of Yu," Yangzhou was the land of the Huai and the sea, as noted in the geography treatise. In the celestial offices, from twelve degrees of Dou to seven degrees of Xuannü is the Star Chronogram asterism; in the earthly branches it corresponds to chou; Wu and Yue obtained this allotment, as noted in the geography treatise. The customs south of the Yangzi. Fire-plowing and water-weeding, eating fish and rice, taking fishing and hunting as occupations—though without stores of accumulated wealth, yet also without famine. Their customs trust ghosts and spirits and delight in excessive sacrifices; fathers and sons sometimes live apart—this is broadly so, as noted in the geography treatise. Jiangdu, Yiyang, Huainan, Zhongli, Qichun, Tongan, Lujiang, and Liyang—the nature of the people is all impetuous and forceful, the spirit of the region resolute and decisive; they harbor harm, regard death as returning home, and in battle prize deception—this was their old wind, as noted in the geography treatise. Since the pacification of Chen, their customs changed considerably; they came to esteem plain simplicity and love frugality; mourning rites and marriage gradually conformed to ritual, as noted in the geography treatise. The defects of their customs were somewhat remedied compared with antiquity, as noted in the geography treatise. Danyang was the site of the old capital; its population was originally abundant. Petty men mostly traded; gentlemen relied on official stipends; market lanes and shops rivaled the two capitals; people mixed from all five directions—hence the customs were quite similar, as noted in the geography treatise. Jingkou opened eastward to Wu and Kuaiji, connected south to rivers and lakes, and linked west to the capital region—it too was a great metropolis, as noted in the geography treatise. Its people from the beginning all practiced warfare and were called the finest troops under Heaven, as noted in the geography treatise. The custom took the fifth day of the fifth month as a contest of strength; each side gauged relative power and matched opponents—much like military drill, as noted in the geography treatise. Xuancheng, Piling, Wu, Kuaiji, Yuhang, and Dongyang shared much the same customs, as noted in the geography treatise. Yet these several commanderies had fertile marshes and plains, rich in land and sea produce, where rare goods gathered—hence merchants all converged, as noted in the geography treatise. Among them, gentlemen honored ritual; common folk were simple and generous—hence customs were clear and Daoist teaching flourished; this too was what the regional spirit held in esteem, as noted in the geography treatise. The customs of Yuzhang were quite like those of central Wu; its gentlemen were skilled at managing households, its petty men diligent in farming, as noted in the geography treatise. Men of rank often had several wives who exposed themselves in the marketplaces and competed to divide cash by the fen to supply their husbands, as noted in the geography treatise. When nominating filial and incorrupt candidates, they further required wealth; though a first wife had toiled for many years and her children filled the house, she might still be cast out to make way for a successor, as noted in the geography treatise. The custom had little litigation but esteemed song and dance, as noted in the geography treatise. Silkworms matured four or five times a year; people were diligent in spinning and weaving; some even washed yarn at night and finished cloth by dawn—the custom called this "cock-crow cloth." Xin'an, Yongjia, Jian'an, Sui'an, Poyang, Jiujiang, Linchuan, Luling, Nankang, and Yichun—their customs again resembled Yuzhang considerably, while the people of Luling were simple and honest and mostly lived to great age, as noted in the geography treatise. Yet in these several commanderies people often kept gu poisons, and Yichun was especially severe, as noted in the geography treatise. The method was on the fifth day of the fifth month to gather a hundred kinds of insects, from snakes down to lice, place them together in a vessel, and let them devour one another; the one kind remaining was kept—if a snake, it was called snake gu; if a louse, louse gu—and used to kill people, as noted in the geography treatise. Once ingested it entered the person's belly and ate the five viscera; when the victim died, its offspring passed into the gu keeper's household, as noted in the geography treatise. If for three years no one else was killed, the keeper himself would suffer its harm, as noted in the geography treatise. Generation after generation of descendants transmitted it without end; it could also pass with a woman in marriage, as noted in the geography treatise. Gan Bao called it a ghost, but in fact it was not, as noted in the geography treatise. After the turmoil of Hou Jing, most gu households died out; with no master, the gu flew along the roads and perished, as noted in the geography treatise.

344

自嶺已南二十餘郡，大率土地下濕，皆多瘴厲，人尤夭折。南海、交趾，各一都會也，並所處近海，多犀象玳瑁珠璣，奇異珍瑋，故商賈至者，多取富焉。其人性並輕悍，易興逆節，椎結踑踞，乃其舊風。其俚人則質直尚信，諸蠻則勇敢自立，皆重賄輕死，唯富爲雄。巢居崖處，盡力農事。刻木以爲符契，言誓則至死不改。父子別業，父貧，乃有質身於子。諸獠皆然。並鑄銅爲大鼓，初成，懸於庭中，置酒以招同類。來者有豪富子女，則以金銀爲大釵，執以叩鼓，竟乃留遺主人，名爲銅鼓釵。俗好相殺，多構仇怨，欲相攻則鳴此鼓，到者如雲。有鼓者號爲「都老」，群情推服。本之舊事，尉陀於漢，自稱「蠻夷大酋長、老夫臣」，故俚人猶呼其所尊爲「倒老」也。言訛，故又稱「都老」云。荊州南郡南郡舊置荊州。西魏以封梁爲蕃國，又置江陵總管府。開皇初府廢。七年並梁，又置江陵總管，二十年改爲荊州總管。大業初廢。統縣一十，戸五萬八千八百三十六。

From south of the Ling Range for more than twenty commanderies, the land was mostly low and damp, all with much miasma; people especially died young, as noted in the geography treatise. Nanhai and Jiaozhi were each a great metropolis; both lay near the sea, rich in rhinoceros, elephants, tortoise shell, and pearls—rare and precious goods—hence merchants who came mostly grew wealthy, as noted in the geography treatise. The nature of the people was all lightly fierce; they easily rose in rebellion; topknots and squatting sitting were their old wind, as noted in the geography treatise. The Li people were plain, straight, and trusted in good faith; the various Man were brave and self-reliant—all valued bribes over death and made wealth their heroism, as noted in the geography treatise. They dwelled in nests on cliffs and devoted their strength to farming, as noted in the geography treatise. They carved wood to make tokens of contract; once words were sworn, they never changed until death, as noted in the geography treatise. Fathers and sons had separate estates; if a father was poor, he might even pledge himself to his son, as noted in the geography treatise. All the Liao were thus. They also cast bronze into great drums; when first finished, they hung them in the courtyard and set out wine to summon their kind, as noted in the geography treatise. When guests came with wealthy sons or daughters, they made large hairpins of gold and silver, took them to strike the drum, and finally left them for the host—a thing called "bronze-drum hairpins." The custom loved mutual killing; many feuds were plotted; when they wished to attack one another they sounded this drum, and those who arrived were like clouds, as noted in the geography treatise. Whoever had a drum was called "Du Lao," and the multitude deferred to him, as noted in the geography treatise. Tracing the old matter. Zhao Tuo in Han times styled himself "great chieftain of the Man and Yi, old subject," hence the Li still call those they honor "Dao Lao." Through corrupted speech it was again called "Du Lao." Jingzhou, Nan Commandery. Nan Commandery formerly had Jingzhou established. Western Wei, because Liang was enfeoffed as a vassal state, again established the Jiangling grand administrative office, as noted in the geography treatise. Early in the Kaihuang era, the office was abolished. In the seventh year Liang was annexed; the Jiangling grand administrator was again established; in the twentieth year it was changed to the Jingzhou grand administrator, as noted in the geography treatise. At the beginning of Daye it was abolished, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 10 counties with a registered population of 58,836 households.

345

江陵帶南郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初複置郡。長楊開皇八年置，並立睦州，十七年州廢。有宜陽山。宜昌開皇九年置松州，又省歸化、受陵二縣入。十一年州廢，又省宜都縣入。有丹山、黃牛山。枝江當陽後周置平州，領漳川、安遠二郡，屬梁蕃。開皇七年改爲玉州，九年州郡並廢。梁又置安居縣，開皇十八年改曰昭丘，大業初改曰荊台，尋廢入。有清溪山。松滋江左舊置河東郡。平陳，郡廢。有涔水。長林舊曰長寧縣。開皇十一年省長林縣入，十八年改曰長林。公安陳置荊州。開皇九年省孱陵、永安二縣入。有黃山。有靈溪水。安興舊置廣牧縣，開皇十一年省安興縣入，仁壽初改曰安興。又有定襄縣，大業初廢入。紫陵西魏置華陵縣，後周改名焉。其城南面，梁置都州，又置雲澤縣。大業初州縣俱廢入焉。有硤石山。夷陵郡梁置宜州，西魏改曰拓州，後周改曰硤州。

Jiangling carried Nan Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was restored. Changyang was established in Kaihuang year eight, and Muzhou was also established; in year seventeen the province was abolished. It had Yiyang Mountain. Yichang had Songzhou established in Kaihuang year nine, and Guihua and Shouling counties were also abolished into it. In year eleven the province was abolished, and Yidu County was also abolished into it. It had Dan Mountain and Huangniu Mountain. Zhijiang and Dangyang had Pingzhou established by Later Zhou, governing Zhangchuan and Anyuan commanderies and belonging to Liang's frontier dependencies. In Kaihuang year seven it was changed to Yuzhou, and in year nine the province and commanderies were both abolished. Liang also established Anju County, which in Kaihuang year eighteen was changed to Zhaoqiu, and at the beginning of Daye was changed to Jingtai; it was soon abolished into Dangyang. It had Qingxi Mountain. Songzi formerly had Hedong Commandery established under the southern dynasties. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. It had the Cen River. Changlin was formerly called Changning County. In Kaihuang year eleven Changlin County was abolished into it, and in year eighteen it was changed to Changlin. Gong'an had Jingzhou established by Chen. In Kaihuang year nine Chanling and Yong'an counties were abolished into it. It had Huang Mountain and the Lingxi River. Anxing formerly had Guangmu County established there. In Kaihuang year eleven Anxing County was abolished into it, and at the beginning of Renshou it was changed to Anxing. It also had Dingxiang County, which was abolished into it at the beginning of Daye. Ziling was established by Western Wei as Hualing County; Later Zhou changed the name. South of its city, Liang established Duzhou and also Yunze County. At the beginning of Daye both province and county were abolished into it. It had Xiashi Mountain. Yiling Commandery had Yizhou established by Liang; Western Wei changed it to Tuozhou; Later Zhou changed it to Xiazhou.

346

江陵

Jiangling

347

長楊

Changyang

348

宜昌

Yichang

349

枝江

Zhijiang

350

當陽

Dangyang

351

松滋

Songzi

352

長林

Changlin

353

公安

Gong'an

354

安興

An'xing

355

紫陵夷陵郡夷陵郡梁置宜州，西魏改曰拓州，後周改曰硤州。統縣三，戸五千一百七十九。

Ziling. Yiling Commandery. Yiling Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Yizhou was established; Western Wei changed it to Tuozhou; Later Zhou changed it to Xiazhou. The commandery governed 3 counties with a registered population of 5,179 households.

356

夷陵帶郡。有馬穴。

Yiling carried the commandery seat and had Ma Cave.

357

夷道舊置宜都郡，開皇七年廢。有女觀山。

Yidao formerly had Yidu Commandery, abolished in Kaihuang 7. It had Nüguan Mountain.

358

遠安舊曰高安，置汶陽郡。又周改縣曰安遠。開皇七年郡廢。竟陵郡舊置郢州。統縣八，戸五萬三千三百八十五。

Yuan'an was formerly called Gao'an and had Wenyang Commandery. Zhou renamed the county Anyuan, and the commandery was abolished in Kaihuang 7. Jingling Commandery formerly had Yingzhou established there. The commandery governed 8 counties with a registered population of 53,385 households.

359

長壽後周置石城郡，開皇初郡廢，大業初置竟陵郡。又梁置北新州及梁寧等八郡，後周保定中，州及八郡總管廢入焉。有敖山。藍水宋僑立馮翊郡，蓮勺縣，西魏改郡爲漢東，縣爲藍水。又宋置高陸縣，西魏改曰滶水。開皇初郡廢，大業初省滶水入焉。有唐水。棨川後周置，及置滶川郡。又置清縣，西魏改曰滶陂。開皇初郡廢，大業初省滶陂入焉。漢東齊置，曰上蔡，及置齊興郡。後周郡廢。開皇十八年縣改名焉。有東溫山。清騰梁置，曰梁安，又立崇義郡。後周廢郡。後周又有遂安郡。開皇初廢，七年改名焉。有清騰山。樂鄉舊置武寧郡，西魏置鄀州。又梁置旌陽縣，後改名惠懷，西魏又改曰武山。開皇七年郡廢，大業初州廢，又廢武山入焉。有武陵山。豐鄉西魏置，又置基州及章山郡。開皇七年郡廢，大業初州廢。章山西魏置，曰祿麻，及立上黃郡。開皇七年郡廢，大業初縣改名焉。沔陽郡後周置複州，大業初改曰沔州。

Changshou had Shicheng Commandery established by Later Zhou; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Jingling Commandery was established. Liang also established Northern Xinzhou and eight commanderies including Liangning; during Later Zhou's Baoding era, the province and the area command of the eight commanderies were abolished into Changshou. It had Ao Mountain. Lanshui had Fengyi Commandery and Lianshao County established as immigrant units by Song; Western Wei changed the commandery to Handong and the county to Lanshui. Song also established Gaolu County, which Western Wei changed to Aoshui. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Aoshui was abolished into it. It had the Tang River. Qichuan was established by Later Zhou, which also established Aochuan Commandery. Qing County was also established; Western Wei changed it to Aobei. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Aobei was abolished into it. Handong was established by Qi and called Shangcai, and Qixing Commandery was established there. Later Zhou abolished the commandery. In Kaihuang year eighteen the county's name was changed. It had Dongwen Mountain. Qingteng was established by Liang and called Liang'an; Chongyi Commandery was also established there. Later Zhou abolished the commandery. Later Zhou also had Sui'an Commandery there. It was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang, and in year seven the name was changed. It had Qingteng Mountain. Lexiang formerly had Wuning Commandery established there, and Western Wei established Ezhou. Liang also established Jingyang County, later renamed Huihuai; Western Wei again changed it to Wushan. In Kaihuang year seven the commandery was abolished; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Wushan was also abolished into Lexiang. It had Wuling Mountain. Fengxiang was established by Western Wei, which also established Jizhou and Zhangshan Commandery. In Kaihuang year seven the commandery was abolished; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Zhangshan was established by Western Wei, called Luma, and Shanghuang Commandery was established there. In Kaihuang year seven the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the county's name was changed. Mianyang Commandery had Fuzhou established by Later Zhou; at the beginning of Daye it was changed to Mianzhou.

360

長壽

Changshou

361

藍水

Lanshui

362

棨川

Qichuan

363

漢東

Handong

364

清騰

Qingteng

365

樂鄉

Lexiang

366

豐鄉

Fengxiang

367

章山沔陽郡沔陽郡後周置複州，大業初改曰沔州。統縣五，戸四萬一千七百一十四。

Zhangshan. Mianyang Commandery. Mianyang Commandery—in Later Zhou, Fuzhou was established; at the beginning of Daye it was changed to Mianzhou. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 41,714 households.

368

沔陽梁置沔陽、營陽、州城三郡。西魏省州陵、惠懷二縣，置縣曰建興。後周置複州，後又省營陽、州城二郡入建興。開皇初州移郡廢，仁壽三年複置州。大業初改建興曰沔陽，州廢，複置沔陽郡焉。監利竟陵舊曰霄城，置竟陵郡。後周改縣曰竟陵。開皇初置複州，仁壽三年州複徙建興。又有京山縣，齊置建安郡，西魏改曰光川，後周郡廢。大業初京山縣又廢入焉。甑山梁置梁安郡。西魏改曰魏安郡，置江州，尋改郡曰汶川。後周置甑山縣，建德二年州廢。開皇初郡廢。有陽臺山。漢陽開皇十七年置，曰漢津，大業初改焉。有沌水。沅陵郡開皇九年置辰州。

Mianyang had Mianyang, Yingyang, and Zhoucheng commanderies established by Liang. Western Wei abolished Zhouling and Huihuai counties and established a county called Jianxing. Later Zhou established Fuzhou, and later also abolished Yingyang and Zhoucheng commanderies into Jianxing. At the beginning of Kaihuang the province was moved and the commanderies were abolished; in Renshou year three the province was restored. At the beginning of Daye, Jianxing was changed to Mianyang; the province was abolished, and Mianyang Commandery was restored there. Jianli. Jingling was formerly called Xiaocheng and had Jingling Commandery established there. Later Zhou changed the county to Jingling. At the beginning of Kaihuang Fuzhou was established, and in Renshou year three the province was again moved to Jianxing. It also had Jingshan County, where Qi established Jian'an Commandery; Western Wei changed it to Guangchuan, and Later Zhou abolished the commandery. At the beginning of Daye, Jingshan County was again abolished into it. Zengshan had Liang'an Commandery established by Liang. Western Wei changed it to Wei'an Commandery and established Jiangzhou, then soon changed the commandery to Wenchuan. Later Zhou established Zengshan County, and in Jiande year two the province was abolished. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. It had Yangtai Mountain. Hanyang was established in Kaihuang year seventeen as Hanjin; at the beginning of Daye it was changed. It had the Dun River. Yuanling Commandery had Chenzhou established in Kaihuang year nine.

369

沔陽

Mianyang

370

監利

Jianli

371

竟陵

Jingling

372

甑山

Zengshan

373

漢陽沅陵郡沅陵郡開皇九年置辰州。統縣五，戸四千一百四十。

Hanyang. Yuanling Commandery. Yuanling Commandery—in the ninth year of Kaihuang, Chenzhou was established. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 4,140 households.

374

沅陵舊置沅陵郡。平陳，郡廢，大業初複。大鄉梁置。鹽泉梁置。龍檦梁置。有武山。辰溪舊曰辰陽。平陳，改名；並廢故夜郎郡，置靜人縣，尋廢。又梁置南陽郡，建昌縣，陳廢縣。開皇初廢郡，置壽州，十八年改爲充州，大業初州廢。有郎溪。武陵郡梁置武州，後改曰沅州。

Yuanling formerly had Yuanling Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was restored. Daxiang was established by Liang. Yanquan was established by Liang. Longbiao was established by Liang. It had Wu Mountain. Chenxi was formerly called Chenyang. When Chen was pacified, the name was changed; the old Yelang Commandery was also abolished and Jingren County was established, then soon abolished. Liang also established Nanyang Commandery and Jianchang County, and Chen abolished the county. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and Shouzhou was established; in year eighteen it was changed to Chongzhou, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had Lang Brook. Wuling Commandery had Wuzhou established by Liang, later changed to Yuanzhou.

375

沅陵

Yuanling

376

大鄉

Daxiang

377

鹽泉

Yanquan

378

龍檦

Longbang

379

辰溪武陵郡武陵郡梁置武州，後改曰沅州。平陳，爲朗州。統縣二，戸三千四百一十六。

Chenxi. Wuling Commandery. Wuling Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Wuzhou was established; afterward it was changed to Yuanzhou. After Chen was pacified, it became Langzhou. The commandery governed 2 counties with a registered population of 3,416 households.

380

武陵舊置武陵郡。平陳，郡廢，並臨沅、沅南、漢壽三縣置武陵縣。大業初複置武陵郡。有望夷山、龍山。

Wuling formerly had Wuling Commandery. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and Linyuan, Yuannan, and Hanshou counties were combined as Wuling County. Wuling Commandery was restored at the beginning of Daye, and it had Wangyi and Long mountains.

381

龍陽有白查湖。清江郡後周置亭州，大業初改爲庸州。統縣五，戸二千六百五十八。

Longyang had Baicha Lake. Qingjiang Commandery had Tingzhou established by Later Zhou and renamed Yongzhou at the beginning of Daye. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 2,658 households.

382

鹽水後周置縣，並置資田郡，開皇初郡廢，大業初置清江郡。巴山梁置宜都郡、宜昌縣，後周置江州。開皇初置清江縣，十八年改江州爲津州，大業初廢州，省清江入焉。清江後周置施州及清江郡。開皇初郡廢，五年置清江縣，大業初州廢。在陽瞿水。開夷後周置，曰烏飛，開皇初改焉。建始後周置業州及軍屯郡。開皇初郡廢，五年置縣，大業初州廢。襄陽郡江左並僑置雍州。

Yanshui had a county established by Later Zhou, together with Zitian Commandery; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Qingjiang Commandery was established. Bashan had Yidu Commandery and Yichang County established by Liang, and Later Zhou established Jiangzhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang, Qingjiang County was established; in year eighteen Jiangzhou was changed to Jinzhou; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Qingjiang was abolished into it. Qingjiang had Shizhou and Qingjiang Commandery established by Later Zhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year five Qingjiang County was established; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It was on Yangqu River. Kaiyi was established by Later Zhou and called Wufei; at the beginning of Kaihuang it was changed. Jianshi had Yezhou and Juntun Commandery established by Later Zhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; in year five the county was established; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Xiangyang Commandery had Yongzhou established there as an immigrant province throughout the southern dynasties.

383

鹽水

Yanshui

384

巴山

Bashan

385

清江

Qingjiang

386

開夷

Kaiyi

387

建始襄陽郡襄陽郡江左並僑置雍州。西魏改曰襄州，置總管府。大業初府廢。統縣十一，戸九萬九千五百七十七。

Jianshi. Xiangyang Commandery. Xiangyang Commandery—in the Jiang-left era, Yong Province was concurrently established as a refugee administration. Western Wei changed it to Xiangzhou and established a grand administrative office, as noted in the geography treatise. The grand administrative office was abolished at the start of the Daye era. The commandery governed 11 counties with a registered population of 99,577 households.

388

襄陽帶襄陽郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初複置。有鐘山、峴山、鳳林山。安養西魏置河南郡，後周廢樊城。山都二縣入，開皇初郡廢焉。穀城舊曰義城，置義城郡。後周廢郡，開皇十八年改縣名焉。又梁有築陽，開皇初廢，又梁有興國，義城二郡，並西魏廢。有穀城山、闕林山。上洪宋僑立略陽縣，梁又立德廣郡。西魏改縣曰上洪。開皇初郡廢。又梁置新野郡，西魏改曰威寧，後周廢。有亞山。率道梁置。漢南宋曰華山，置華山郡。西魏改縣爲漢南，屬宜城郡。後周廢武建郡及惠懷、石樑、歸仁、鄢等四縣入，後省宜城郡入武泉。又梁置秦南郡，後周並武泉縣俱廢。有石樑山。陰城西魏置酂城郡，後周廢。又梁置南陽郡，西魏改爲山都郡，後周省。義清梁置，曰穰縣。西魏改爲義清，屬歸義郡。後周廢郡及左安、開南、歸仁三縣入焉。又有武泉郡，開皇初廢。有柤山、靈山。有檀溪水、襄水。南漳西魏並新安、武昌、武平、安武、建平五縣置，初曰重陽，又立南襄陽郡。後周置沮州，尋廢，複改重陽縣曰思安。開皇初郡廢，十八年改縣曰南漳。有荊山。常平西魏置，曰義安，置長湖郡，後改縣曰常平。開皇初郡廢。又後魏置旱停縣，大業初廢。鄀舂陵郡後魏置南荊州，西魏改曰昌州。

Xiangyang carried Xiangyang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was restored. It had Zhong Mountain, Xian Mountain, and Fenglin Mountain. Anyang had Henan Commandery established by Western Wei; Later Zhou abolished Fancheng and Shandu counties into it, and at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Gucheng was formerly called Yicheng and had Yicheng Commandery established there. Later Zhou abolished the commandery, and in Kaihuang year eighteen the county's name was changed. Liang also had Zhuyang, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang; Liang also had Xingguo and Yicheng commanderies, both abolished by Western Wei. It had Gucheng Mountain and Quelin Mountain. Shanghong had Lüeyang County established by Song as an immigrant county; Liang also established Deguang Commandery. Western Wei changed the county to Shanghong. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Liang also established Xinye Commandery, which Western Wei changed to Weining; Later Zhou abolished it. It had Ya Mountain. Shuaidao was established by Liang. Hannan was called Huashan by Song, which established Huashan Commandery there. Western Wei changed the county to Hannan, belonging to Yicheng Commandery. Later Zhou abolished Wujian Commandery and Huaihuai, Shiliang, Guiren, and Yan counties into it, and later abolished Yicheng Commandery into Wuquan. Liang also established Qinnan Commandery, and Later Zhou abolished it together with Wuquan County. It had Shiliang Mountain. Yincheng had Zancheng Commandery established by Western Wei, which Later Zhou abolished. Liang also established Nanyang Commandery; Western Wei changed it to Shandu Commandery, and Later Zhou abolished it. Yiqing was established by Liang as Rang County. Western Wei changed it to Yiqing, belonging to Guiyi Commandery. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and Zuo'an, Kainan, and Guiren counties into it. It also had Wuquan Commandery, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had Zha Mountain and Ling Mountain. It had Tanxi River and the Xiang River. Nanzhang was established by Western Wei by merging Xin'an, Wuchang, Wuping, Anwu, and Jianping counties; it was first called Chongyang, and Southern Xiangyang Commandery was also established. Later Zhou established Juzhou, soon abolished it, and again changed Chongyang County to Si'an. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county was changed to Nanzhang. It had Jing Mountain. Changping was established by Western Wei and called Yi'an, with Changhu Commandery established there; later the county was changed to Changping. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Later Wei had also established Hanting County, which was abolished at the beginning of Daye. E and Chongling Commandery had Southern Jingzhou established by Later Wei; Western Wei changed it to Changzhou.

389

襄陽

Xiangyang

390

安養

An'yang

391

穀城

Gucheng

392

上洪

Shanghong

393

率道

Shuaidao

394

漢南

Hannan

395

陰城

Yincheng

396

義清

Yiqing

397

南漳

Nanzhang

398

常平

Changping

399

鄀舂陵郡舂陵郡後魏置南荊州，西魏改曰昌州。統縣六，戸四萬二千八百四十七。

Ruo. Chunling Commandery. Chunling Commandery—in Later Wei, Southern Jing Province was established; Western Wei changed it to Changzhou. The commandery governed 6 counties with a registered population of 42,847 households.

400

棗陽舊曰廣昌，並置廣昌郡。開皇初郡廢，仁壽元年縣改名焉。大業初置舂陵郡。又西魏置東荊州，尋廢。有霸山。有溲水。舂陵舊置安昌郡，開皇初郡廢。又後魏置豐良縣，大業初廢。有石鼓山。有四望水。清潭有大洪山。有淯水。湖陽後魏置西淮安郡及南襄州，後郡廢，州改爲南平州。西魏改曰升州，後又改曰湖州。後周改置升平郡。開皇初郡廢。仁壽初改曰升州，大業初州廢。又後魏置順陽郡，西魏改爲柘林郡。後周省郡，改縣曰柘林。大業初縣廢入焉。有蓼山。上馬後魏置，曰石馬，後訛爲上馬，因改焉。有鐘離縣，置洞州、洞川郡。後周州廢，開皇初郡廢。十八年改鐘離曰洞川縣，大業初廢入焉。蔡陽梁置蔡陽郡，後魏置南雍州。西魏改曰蔡州，分置南陽縣，後改曰雙泉；又置千金郡、瀴源縣。開皇初郡並廢，大業初州廢，雙泉、瀴源二縣並廢入焉。有唐子山、大鼓山。有瀴水。漢東郡西魏置并州，後改曰隋州。

Zaoyang was formerly called Guangchang, and Guangchang Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in Renshou year one the county's name was changed. At the beginning of Daye, Chongling Commandery was established. Western Wei also established Eastern Jingzhou, which was soon abolished. It had Ba Mountain and the Sou River. Chongling formerly had Anchang Commandery established there; at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Later Wei also established Fengliang County, which was abolished at the beginning of Daye. It had Shigu Mountain and the Siwang River. Qingtan had Dahong Mountain and the Yu River. Huyang had Western Huai'an Commandery and Southern Xiangzhou established by Later Wei; later the commandery was abolished and the province was changed to Southern Pingzhou. Western Wei changed it to Shengzhou, and later again changed it to Huzhou. Later Zhou changed it to establish Shengping Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Renshou it was changed to Shengzhou, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. Later Wei also established Shunyang Commandery, which Western Wei changed to Zhelin Commandery. Later Zhou abolished the commandery and changed the county to Zhelin. At the beginning of Daye the county was abolished into Huyang. It had Liao Mountain. Shangma was established by Later Wei as Shima; later this was corrupted to Shangma, so the name was changed. It had Zhongli County, where Dongzhou and Dongchuan Commandery were established. Later Zhou abolished the province, and at the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen Zhongli was changed to Dongchuan County, which at the beginning of Daye was abolished into Shangma. Caiyang had Caiyang Commandery established by Liang, and Later Wei established Southern Yongzhou. Western Wei changed it to Caizhou, divided off and established Nanyang County, later changed it to Shuangquan, and also established Qianjin Commandery and Yingyuan County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were all abolished; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Shuangquan and Yingyuan counties were both abolished into it. It had Tangzi Mountain, Dagu Mountain, and the Ying River. Handong Commandery had Bingzhou established by Western Wei; later it was changed to Suizhou.

401

棗陽

Zaoyang

402

舂陵

Chongling

403

清潭

Qingtan

404

湖陽

Huyang

405

上馬

Shangma

406

蔡陽漢東郡漢東郡西魏置并州，後改曰隋州。統縣八，戸四萬七千一百九十三。

Caiyang. Handong Commandery. Handong Commandery—Western Wei established Bing Province; afterward it was changed to Suizhou. The commandery governed 8 counties with a registered population of 47,193 households.

407

隋舊置隨郡，西魏又析置㵐西郡及㵐西縣。梁又置曲陵郡。開皇初郡並廢。大業初廢㵐西縣，尋置漢東郡。土山梁曰龍巢，置土州、東西二永甯、真陽三郡，及置石武縣。後周廢三郡爲齊郡，改龍巢曰左陽；又有阜陵縣，改爲漳川縣。開皇初郡廢。十八年改左陽爲真陽，石武爲宜人。大業初又改真陽爲土山，州及宜人、漳川並廢入焉。唐城後魏曰㵐西，置義陽郡。西魏改㵐西爲下溠，又立肆州，尋曰唐州。後周省均、款、溳、歸四州入，改曰唐州。又有東魏南豫州，至是改爲㵐川郡，又置清嘉縣。開皇初郡並廢。十六年改下溠曰唐城，大業初州及諸縣並廢入焉。有清臺山。有㵐水。安貴梁置，曰定陽，又置北郢州。西魏改定陽曰安貴，改北郢州爲款州，又尋廢爲溳水郡，別置戟城郡及戟城縣。後廢戟城郡，改戟城縣曰橫山。開皇初溳水郡廢，大業初又廢橫山縣入焉。順義梁置北隨郡。西魏改爲南陽，析置淮南郡；以厲城、順義二縣立冀州，尋改爲順州；又置安化縣。開皇初郡並廢，十八年改安化曰寧化。大業初州廢，改厲城爲順義，其舊順義及寧化，並廢入焉。有浮山。平林梁置上明郡，開皇初廢。有漂水。上明西魏置，曰洛平縣，開皇十八年改名焉。有鸚鵡山。光化舊曰安化，西魏改爲新化，後周又改焉。安陸郡梁置南司州，尋罷。

Sui formerly had Sui Commandery established there; Western Wei also divided off and established Shenxi Commandery and Shenxi County. Liang also established Quling Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were all abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Shenxi County was abolished, and soon Handong Commandery was established. Tushan was called Longchao by Liang, which established Tuzhou, the three commanderies Eastern Yongning, Western Yongning, and Zhenyang, and Shiwu County. Later Zhou abolished the three commanderies to make Qi Commandery and changed Longchao to Zuoyang; it also had Fuling County, changed to Zhangchuan County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. In year eighteen Zuoyang was changed to Zhenyang and Shiwu to Yiren. At the beginning of Daye, Zhenyang was again changed to Tushan, and the province, Yiren, and Zhangchuan were all abolished into it. Tangcheng was called Shenxi by Later Wei, which established Yiyang Commandery there. Western Wei changed Shenxi to Xiacuo and also established Sizhou, soon called Tangzhou. Later Zhou abolished Jun, Kuan, Yun, and Gui provinces into it and changed it to Tangzhou. There was also Eastern Wei's Southern Yuzhou, which by this time was changed to Shenchuan Commandery, and Qingjia County was also established. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were all abolished. In year sixteen Xiacuo was changed to Tangcheng, and at the beginning of Daye the province and the various counties were all abolished into it. It had Qingtai Mountain and the Shen River. Angui was established by Liang as Dingyang, and Northern Yingzhou was also established. Western Wei changed Dingyang to Angui, changed Northern Yingzhou to Kuanzhou, and soon abolished it to become Yunshui Commandery, separately establishing Jicheng Commandery and Jicheng County. Later Jicheng Commandery was abolished, and Jicheng County was changed to Hengshan. At the beginning of Kaihuang, Yunshui Commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Hengshan County was also abolished into Angui. Shunyi had Northern Sui Commandery established by Liang. Western Wei changed it to Nanyang and divided off Huainan Commandery; with Licheng and Shunyi counties, it established Jizhou, soon changed to Shunzhou; it also established Anhua County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commanderies were all abolished, and in year eighteen Anhua was changed to Ninghua. At the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, Licheng was changed to Shunyi, and the old Shunyi and Ninghua were both abolished into it. It had Fu Mountain. Pinglin had Shangming Commandery established by Liang, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had the Piao River. Shangming was established by Western Wei as Luoping County; in Kaihuang year eighteen the name was changed. It had Yingwu Mountain. Guanghua was formerly called Anhua; Western Wei changed it to Xinhua, and Later Zhou changed it again. Anlu Commandery had Southern Sizhou established by Liang, which was soon abolished.

408

隋

Sui

409

土山

Tushan

410

唐城

Tangcheng

411

安貴

An'gui

412

順義

Shunyi

413

平林

Pinglin

414

上明

Shangming

415

光化安陸郡安陸郡梁置南司州，尋罷。西魏置安州總管府，開皇十四年府廢。統縣八，戸六萬八千四十二。

Guanghua. Anlu Commandery. Anlu Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Southern Si Province was established and soon abolished. Western Wei established the Anzhou grand administrative office; in the fourteenth year of Kaihuang the office was abolished, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 8 counties with a registered population of 68,042 households.

416

安陸舊置安陸郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初複置郡。有舊永陽縣，西魏改曰吉陽，至是廢入。孝昌西魏置岳州及嶽山郡，後周州郡並廢。又有嵒嶽郡，開皇初廢。有鳳皇岡。吉陽梁置，曰平陽，及立汝南郡。西魏改郡爲董城，改縣曰京池。後周置嵒州，尋州郡並廢。大業初改縣曰吉陽。又梁置義陽郡，西魏改爲南司州，尋廢。應陽西魏置，曰應城，又置城陽郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初縣改名焉。有潼水、溫水。雲夢西魏置。京山舊曰新陽，梁置新州、梁寧郡。西魏改州爲溫州，改縣爲角陵，又置盤陂縣。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢；改角陵曰京山，廢盤陂入焉。有角陵山、京山。富水舊曰南新市。西魏改爲富水，又置富水郡。開皇初郡廢。應山梁置，曰永陽，仍置應州，又有平靖郡。西魏又置平靖縣。開皇初郡廢，大業初州廢，又省平靖縣入焉。有大龜山、安居山。永安郡後齊置衡州，陳廢，後周又置，開皇五年改曰黃州。

Anlu formerly had Anlu Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was restored. It had the old Yongyang County; Western Wei changed it to Jiyang, and by this time it was abolished into Anlu. Xiaochang had Yuezhou and Yueshan Commandery established by Western Wei; Later Zhou abolished both province and commandery. It also had Yanyue Commandery, which was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang. It had Fenghuang Ridge. Jiyang was established by Liang as Pingyang, and Runan Commandery was established there. Western Wei changed the commandery to Dongcheng and the county to Jingchi. Later Zhou established Yanzhou, and soon the province and commandery were both abolished. At the beginning of Daye the county was changed to Jiyang. Liang also established Yiyang Commandery; Western Wei changed it to Southern Sizhou, which was soon abolished. Yingyang was established by Western Wei as Yingcheng, and Chengyang Commandery was also established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the county's name was changed. It had the Tong River and Wen River. Yunmeng was established by Western Wei. Jingshan was formerly called Xinyang; Liang established Xinzhou and Liangning Commandery there. Western Wei changed the province to Wenzhou, changed the county to Jiaoling, and also established Panbei County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished; Jiaoling was changed to Jingshan, and Panbei was abolished into it. It had Jiaoling Mountain and Jing Mountain. Fushui was formerly called Southern Xinshi. Western Wei changed it to Fushui and also established Fushui Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished. Yingshan was established by Liang as Yongyang, and Yingzhou was still established there; it also had Pingjing Commandery. Western Wei also established Pingjing County. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished; at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished, and Pingjing County was also abolished into it. It had Dagui Mountain and Anju Mountain. Yong'an Commandery had Hengzhou established by Later Qi; Chen abolished it; Later Zhou established it again, and in Kaihuang year five it was changed to Huangzhou.

417

安陸

An'lu

418

孝昌

Xiaochang

419

吉陽

Jiyang

420

應陽

Yingyang

421

雲夢

Yunmeng

422

京山

Jingshan

423

富水

Fushui

424

應山永安郡永安郡後齊置衡州，陳廢，後周又置，開皇五年改曰黃州。統縣四，戸二萬八千三百九十八。

Yingshan. Yong'an Commandery. Yong'an Commandery—in Later Qi, Hengzhou was established; Chen abolished it; Later Zhou again established it; in the fifth year of Kaihuang it was changed to Huangzhou. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 28,398 households.

425

黃岡齊曰南安，又置齊安郡。開皇初郡廢，十八年改縣曰黃岡。又後齊置巴州，陳廢。後周置，曰弋州，統西陽、弋陽、邊城三郡。開皇初州郡並廢，大業初置永安郡。黃陂後齊置南司州。後周改曰黃州，置總管府，又有安昌郡。開皇初府廢。又後齊置滻州，陳廢之。木蘭梁曰梁安，置梁安郡，又有永安、義陽二郡。後齊置湘州，後改爲北江州。開皇初別置廉城縣，尋及州、二郡相次並廢。十八年改縣曰木蘭。麻城梁置信安，又有北西陽縣。陳廢北西陽，置定州。後周改州曰亭州，又有建甯、陰平、定城三郡。開皇初州郡並廢，十八年縣改名焉。有陰山。義陽郡齊置司州。

Huanggang was called Nan'an by Qi, which also established Qi'an Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen the county was changed to Huanggang. Later Qi also established Bazhou, which Chen abolished. Later Zhou established it, calling it Yizhou, governing Xiyang, Yiyang, and Biancheng commanderies. At the beginning of Kaihuang the province and commanderies were all abolished, and at the beginning of Daye Yong'an Commandery was established. Huangpi had Southern Sizhou established by Later Qi. Later Zhou changed it to Huangzhou and established a grand administrative office there; it also had Anchang Commandery. At the beginning of Kaihuang the office was abolished. Later Qi also established Chanzhou, which Chen abolished. Mulan was called Liang'an by Liang, which established Liang'an Commandery; it also had Yong'an and Yiyang commanderies. Later Qi established Xiangzhou, later changed to Northern Jiangzhou. At the beginning of Kaihuang Liancheng County was separately established, and soon the province and the two commanderies were successively abolished. In year eighteen the county was changed to Mulan. Macheng had Xin'an established by Liang, and it also had Northern Xiyang County. Chen abolished Northern Xiyang and established Dingzhou. Later Zhou changed the province to Tingzhou, and it also had Jianning, Yinping, and Dingcheng commanderies. At the beginning of Kaihuang the province and commanderies were all abolished, and in year eighteen the county's name was changed. It had Yin Mountain. Yiyang Commandery had Sizhou established by Qi.

426

黃岡

Huanggang

427

黃陂

Huangpi

428

木蘭

Mulan

429

麻城義陽郡義陽郡齊置司州。梁曰北司州，後複曰司州。後魏改曰郢州，後周改曰申州，大業二年爲義州。統縣五，戸四萬五千九百三十。

Macheng. Yiyang Commandery. Yiyang Commandery—in Qi, Sizhou was established. In the Liang dynasty it was called Northern Si Province; afterward it was again called Sizhou, as noted in the geography treatise. Later Wei changed it to Yingzhou; Later Zhou changed it to Shenzhou; in the second year of Daye it became Yizhou, as noted in the geography treatise. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 45,930 households.

430

義陽舊曰平陽，置宋安郡。開皇初郡廢，縣改名焉。大業初置義陽郡。有大龜山、金山。鐘山舊曰𨞚。後齊改曰齊安，仍置郡。開皇初郡廢，縣改曰鐘山。有鐘山。羅山后齊置，曰高安。開皇初廢，十六年置，曰羅山。禮山舊曰東隨，開皇九年改焉。有關官。有禮山。淮源後齊置，曰慕化，置淮安郡。開皇初郡廢，大業初縣改名焉。有油水。九江郡舊置江州。

Yiyang was formerly called Pingyang and had Song'an Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county's name was changed. At the beginning of Daye, Yiyang Commandery was established. It had Dagui Mountain and Jin Mountain. Zhongshan was formerly called Yong. Later Qi changed it to Qi'an and still established a commandery there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Zhongshan. It had Zhong Mountain. Luoshan was established by Later Qi as Gao'an. It was abolished at the beginning of Kaihuang; in year sixteen it was established as Luoshan. Lishan was formerly called Dongsui; in Kaihuang year nine it was changed. It had barrier offices and Li Mountain. Huaiyuan was established by Later Qi as Muhua, with Huai'an Commandery established there. At the beginning of Kaihuang the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the county's name was changed. It had the You River. Jiujiang Commandery formerly had Jiangzhou established there.

431

義陽

Yiyang

432

鐘山

Zhongshan

433

羅山

Luoshan

434

禮山

Lishan

435

淮源九江郡九江郡舊置江州。統縣二，戸七千六百一十七。

Huaiyuan. Jiujiang Commandery. Jiujiang Commandery formerly had Jiangzhou established. The commandery governed 2 counties with a registered population of 7,617 households.

436

湓城舊曰柴桑，置尋陽郡。梁又立汝南縣。平陳，郡廢，又廢汝南、柴桑二縣，立尋陽縣，十八年改曰彭蠡。大業初置郡，縣改名焉。有巢湖、彭蠡湖。有廬山、望夫山。彭澤梁置太原郡，領彭澤、晉陽、和城、天水。平陳，郡縣並廢，置龍城縣。開皇十八年改名焉。有釣磯。江夏郡舊置郢州。

Pencheng was formerly called Chaisang and had Xunyang Commandery established there. Liang also established Runan County. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Runan and Chaisang counties were also abolished; Xunyang County was established, and in year eighteen it was changed to Pengli. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was established and the county's name was changed. It had Chao Lake and Pengli Lake. It had Lu Mountain and Wangfu Mountain. Pengze had Taiyuan Commandery established by Liang, governing Pengze, Jinyang, Hecheng, and Tianshui. When Chen was pacified, the commandery and counties were all abolished and Longcheng County was established. In Kaihuang year eighteen its name was changed. It had Diaoji. Jiangxia Commandery formerly had Yingzhou established there.

437

湓城

Yancheng

438

彭澤江夏郡江夏郡舊置郢州。梁分置北新州，尋又分北新立土、富、洄、泉、豪五州。平陳，改置鄂州。統縣四，戸一萬三千七百七十一。

Pengze. Jiangxia Commandery. Jiangxia Commandery formerly had Yingzhou established. Liang separately established Northern Xin Province; soon it again divided Northern Xin to establish Tu, Fu, Hui, Quan, and Hao provinces, as noted in the geography treatise. After Chen was pacified, Ezhou was established in its place. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 13,771 households.

439

江夏舊置江夏郡。平陳，郡廢，大業初複置。有烽火山、塗水。武昌舊置武昌郡。平陳，郡廢，又廢西陵、鄂二縣入焉。有樊山、白紵山。永興陳曰陽新。平陳，改曰富川。開皇十一年廢永興縣入，十八年改名焉。有五龍山。蒲圻梁置上雋郡，又有沙陽縣，置沙州，州尋廢。平陳，郡廢。有石頭山、魚岳山、鮑山。澧陽郡平陳，置松州，尋改爲澧州。

Jiangxia formerly had Jiangxia Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye it was restored. It had Fenghuo Mountain and the Tu River. Wuchang formerly had Wuchang Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Xiling and E counties were also abolished into it. It had Fan Mountain and Baizhu Mountain. Yongxing was called Yangxin by Chen. When Chen was pacified, it was changed to Fuchuan. In Kaihuang year eleven Yongxing County was abolished into it, and in year eighteen its name was changed. It had Wulong Mountain. Puqi had Shangjuan Commandery established by Liang; it also had Shayang County, where Shazhou was established, but the province was soon abolished. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. It had Shitou Mountain, Yuyue Mountain, and Bao Mountain. Liyang Commandery had Songzhou established when Chen was pacified, soon changed to Lizhou.

440

江夏

Jiangxia

441

武昌

Wuchang

442

永興

Yongxing

443

蒲圻澧陽郡澧陽郡平陳，置松州，尋改爲澧州。統縣六，戸八千九百六。

Puqi. Liyang Commandery. Liyang Commandery—when Chen was pacified, Songzhou was established; soon it was changed to Lizhou. The commandery governed 6 counties with a registered population of 8,906 households.

444

澧陽平陳，置縣，大業初置郡。有藥山。有油水。石門舊置天門郡。平陳，郡廢。孱陵舊曰作唐，置南平郡。平陳，郡廢，縣改名焉。安鄉舊置義陽郡。平陳，郡廢。有皇山。崇義後周置衡州。開皇中置縣，名焉。十八年改州曰崇州，大業初州廢。有澧水。慈利開皇中置，曰零陵，十八年改名焉。有始零山。巴陵郡梁置巴州。

Liyang had a county established when Chen was pacified, and at the beginning of Daye a commandery was established. It had Yao Mountain and the You River. Shimen formerly had Tianmen Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Chanling was formerly called Zuotang and had Nanping Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and the county's name was changed. Anxiang formerly had Yiyang Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. It had Huang Mountain. Chongyi had Hengzhou established by Later Zhou. During Kaihuang, a county was established and named for it. In year eighteen the province was changed to Chongzhou, and at the beginning of Daye the province was abolished. It had the Li River. Cili was established during Kaihuang and called Lingling; in year eighteen its name was changed. It had Shiling Mountain. Baling Commandery had Bazhou established by Liang.

445

澧陽

Liyang

446

石門

Shimen

447

孱陵

Canling

448

安鄉

An'xiang

449

崇義

Chongyi

450

慈利巴陵郡巴陵郡梁置巴州。平陳，改曰岳州，大業初改曰羅州。統縣五，戸六千九百三十四。

Cili. Baling Commandery. Baling Commandery—in the Liang dynasty, Bazhou was established. After Chen was pacified, it was changed to Yuezhou; at the beginning of Daye it was changed to Luozhou. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 6,934 households.

451

巴陵舊置巴陵郡。平陳，郡廢，大業初複置郡。華容舊曰安南，梁置南安湘郡，尋廢。開皇十八年縣改名焉。沅江梁置，曰藥山，仍爲郡。平陳，郡廢，縣改曰安樂，十八年改曰沅江。湘陰梁置岳陽郡及羅州，陳廢州。平陳，廢郡及湘陰入岳陽縣，置玉州。尋改岳陽爲湘陰，廢玉山縣入焉。十二年廢玉州。羅開皇九年廢吳昌、湘濱二縣入。有渭水、汨水。長沙郡舊置湘州，平陳置潭州總管府，大業初府廢。

Baling formerly had Baling Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and at the beginning of Daye the commandery was restored. Huarong was formerly called Annan; Liang established Nan'anxiang Commandery, which was soon abolished. In Kaihuang year eighteen the county's name was changed. Yuanjiang was established by Liang and called Yaoshan, and still served as a commandery. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and the county was changed to Anle; in year eighteen it was changed to Yuanjiang. Xiangyin had Yueyang Commandery and Luozhou established by Liang; Chen abolished the province. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and Xiangyin was merged into Yueyang County, and Yuzhou was established. Soon Yueyang was changed to Xiangyin, and Yushan County was abolished into it. In year twelve Yuzhou was abolished. Luo had Wuchang and Xiangbin counties abolished into it in Kaihuang year nine. It had the Wei River and Mi River. Changsha Commandery formerly had Xiangzhou established there; when Chen was pacified the Tanzhou grand administrative office was established, and at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished.

452

巴陵

Baling

453

華容

Huarong

454

沅江

Yuanjiang

455

湘陰

Xiangyin

456

羅長沙郡長沙郡舊置湘州，平陳置潭州總管府，大業初府廢。統縣四，戸一萬四千二百七十五。

Luo. Changsha Commandery. Changsha Commandery formerly had Xiang Province established; when Chen was pacified, the Tanzhou grand administrative office was established; at the beginning of Daye the office was abolished. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 14,275 households.

457

長沙舊曰臨湘，置長沙郡。平陳，郡廢，縣改名焉。有銅山、錫山。衡山舊置衡陽郡。平陳，郡廢，並衡山、湘鄉、湘西三縣入焉。益陽平陳，並新康縣入焉。有浮梁山。邵陽舊置邵陵郡。平陳，郡廢，並扶夷、都梁二縣入焉。衡山郡平陳，置衡州。

Changsha was formerly called Linxiang and had Changsha Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished and the county's name was changed. It had Tong Mountain and Xi Mountain. Hengshan formerly had Hengyang Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Hengshan, Xiangxiang, and Xiangxi counties were all merged into it. Yiyang had Xinkang County merged into it when Chen was pacified. It had Fuliang Mountain. Shaoyang formerly had Shaoling Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Fuyi and Duliang counties were merged into it. Hengshan Commandery had Hengzhou established when Chen was pacified.

458

長沙

Changsha

459

衡山

Hengshan

460

益陽

Yiyang

461

邵陽衡山郡衡山郡平陳，置衡州。統縣四，戸五千六十八。

Shaoyang. Hengshan Commandery. Hengshan Commandery—when Chen was pacified, Hengzhou was established. The commandery governed 4 counties with a registered population of 5,068 households.

462

衡陽舊置湘東郡。平陳，郡廢，並省臨烝、新城、重安三縣入焉。有衡山、武水、連水。洡陰舊曰洡陽。平陳，改名焉。有肥水、酃水。湘潭平陳，廢茶陵、攸水、陰山、建寧四縣入焉。有武陽山。有曆水。新甯有宜溪水、舂江。桂陽郡平陳，置郴州。

Hengyang formerly had Xiangdong Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Linzheng, Xincheng, and Chong'an counties were all abolished into it. It had Heng Mountain, the Wu River, and the Lian River. Leiyin was formerly called Leiyang. When Chen was pacified, the name was changed. It had the Fei River and Ling River. Xiangtan had Chaling, Youshui, Yinshan, and Jianning counties abolished into it when Chen was pacified. It had Wuyang Mountain and the Li River. Xinning had Yixi Brook and Chong River. Guiyang Commandery had Chenzhou established when Chen was pacified.

463

衡陽

Hengyang

464

洡陰

Leiyin

465

湘潭

Xiangtan

466

新甯桂陽郡桂陽郡平陳，置郴州。統縣三，戸四千六百六十六。

Xining. Guiyang Commandery. Guiyang Commandery—when Chen was pacified, Chenzhou was established. The commandery governed 3 counties with a registered population of 4,666 households.

467

郴舊置桂陽郡。平陳，郡廢，大業初複置。有萬歲山。有溱水。

Chen formerly had Guiyang Commandery. It was abolished when Chen was pacified and restored at the beginning of Daye. It had Wansui Mountain and the Qin River.

468

臨武有華陰山。

Linwu had Huayin Mountain.

469

盧陽陳置盧陽郡。平陳，郡廢。有淥水。零陵郡平陳初，置永州總管府，尋廢府。統縣五，戸六千八百四十五。

Luyang had Luyang Commandery under Chen; when Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. It had the Lu River. Lingling Commandery had the Yongzhou grand administrative office established at the beginning of the pacification of Chen, but the office was soon abolished. The commandery governed 5 counties with a registered population of 6,845 households.

470

零陵舊曰泉陵，置零陵郡。平陳，郡廢，又廢應陽、永昌、祁陽三縣入焉。大業初複置郡。湘源平陳，廢洮陽、灌陽、零陵三縣置縣。有黃華山。有觀水、湘水、洮水。永陽舊曰營陽，梁置永陽郡。平陳，郡廢，並營浦、謝沐二縣入焉。營道平陳，並冷道、舂陵二縣入。有九疑山、營山。馮乘有馮水。熙平郡平陳，置連州。

Lingling was formerly called Quanling and had Lingling Commandery established there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Yingyang, Yongchang, and Qiyang counties were also abolished into it. At the beginning of Daye the commandery was restored. Xiangyuan was established as a county when Chen was pacified by abolishing Taoyang, Guanyang, and Lingling counties. It had Huanghua Mountain and the Guan, Xiang, and Tao rivers. Yongyang was formerly called Yingyang; Liang established Yongyang Commandery there. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and Yingpu and Xiemu counties were merged into it. Yingdao had Lengdao and Chongling counties merged into it when Chen was pacified. It had Jiuyi Mountain and Ying Mountain. Fengcheng had the Feng River. Xiping Commandery had Lianzhou established when Chen was pacified.

471

零陵

Lingling

472

湘源

Xiangyuan

473

永陽

Yongyang

474

營道

Yingdao

475

馮乘熙平郡熙平郡平陳，置連州。統縣九，戸一萬二百六十五。

Fengsheng. Xiping Commandery. Xiping Commandery—when Chen was pacified, Lianzhou was established. The commandery governed 9 counties with a registered population of 10,265 households.

476

桂陽梁置陽山郡。平陳，郡廢。大業初置熙平郡。有貞女山、方山。有盧水、洭水。陽山有斟水。連山梁置，曰廣德，隋改曰廣澤，仁壽元年改名焉。有黃連山。宣樂梁置，曰梁樂，並置梁樂郡，平陳，郡廢，十八年改爲宣樂。游安熙平舊置齊樂郡，平陳，郡廢。武化梁置。桂嶺舊曰興安，開皇十八年改名焉。開建梁置南靜郡，平陳，郡廢。

Guiyang had Yangshan Commandery established by Liang. When Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. At the beginning of Daye, Xiping Commandery was established. It had Zhennu Mountain and Fang Mountain. It had the Lu River and Kuang River. Yangshan had the Zhen River. Lianshan was established by Liang as Guangde; Sui changed it to Guangze, and in Renshou year one its name was changed. It had Huanglian Mountain. Xuanle was established by Liang as Liangle, and Liangle Commandery was also established there; when Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished, and in year eighteen it was changed to Xuanle. You'an and Xiping formerly had Qile Commandery established there; when Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished. Wuhua was established by Liang. Guiling was formerly called Xing'an, and in Kaihuang year eighteen its name was changed. Kaijian had Nanjing Commandery established by Liang; when Chen was pacified, the commandery was abolished.

477

桂陽

Guiyang

478

陽山

Yangshan

479

連山

Lianshan

480

宣樂

Xuanle

481

游安

You'an

482

熙平

Xiping

483

武化

Wuhua

484

桂嶺

Guiling

485

開建

Kaijian

486

《尚書》：「荊及衡陽惟荊州。」上當天文，自張十七度至軫十一度，爲鶉首，於辰在巳，楚之分野。其風俗物產，頗同揚州。其人率多勁悍決烈，蓋亦天性然也。南郡、夷陵、竟陵、沔陽、沅陵、清江、襄陽、舂陵、漢東、安陸、永安、義陽、九江、江夏諸郡，多雜蠻左，其與夏人雜居者，則與諸華不別。其僻處山谷者，則言語不通，嗜好居處全異，頗與巴、渝同俗。諸蠻本其所出，承盤瓠之後，故服章多以班布爲飾。其相呼以蠻，則爲深忌。自晉氏南遷之後，南郡、襄陽，皆爲重鎮，四方湊會，故益多衣冠之緒，稍尚禮義經籍焉。九江襟帶所在，江夏、竟陵、安陸，各置名州，爲籓鎮重寄，人物乃與諸郡不同。大抵荊州率敬鬼，尤重祠祀之事，昔屈原爲製《九歌》，蓋由此也。屈原以五月望日赴汨羅，土人追到洞庭不見，湖大船小，莫得濟者，乃歌曰：「何由得渡湖！」因爾鼓棹爭歸，競會亭上，習以相傳，爲競渡之戲。其迅楫齊馳，棹歌亂響，喧振水陸，觀者如雲，諸郡率然，而南郡、襄陽尤甚。二郡又有牽鉤之戲，云從講武所出，楚將伐吳，以爲教戰，流遷不改，習以相傳。鉤初發動，皆有鼓節，群噪歌謠，振驚遠近，俗云以此厭勝，用致豐穰。其事亦傳於他郡。梁簡文之臨雍部，發教禁之，由是頗息，其死喪之紀，雖無被髪袒踴，亦知號叫哭泣。始死，即出屍於中庭，不留室內。斂畢，送到山中，以十三年爲限。先擇吉日，改入小棺，謂之拾骨。拾骨必須女婿，蠻重女婿，故以委之。拾骨者，除肉取骨，棄小取大。當葬之夕，女婿或三數十人，集會于宗長之宅，著芒心接籬，名曰茅綏。各執竹竿，長一丈許，上三四尺許，猶帶枝葉。其行伍前卻，皆有節奏，歌吟叫呼，亦有章典。傳云盤瓠初死，置之於樹，乃以竹木刺而下之，故相承至今，以爲風俗。隱諱其事，謂之刺北斗。既葬設祭，則親疏咸哭，哭畢，家人既至，但歡飲而歸，無複祭哭也。其左人則又不同，無衰服，不復魄。始死，置屍館舍，鄰里少年，各持弓箭，繞屍而歌，以箭扣弓爲節。其歌詞說平生樂事，以到終卒，大抵亦猶今之挽歌。歌數十闋，乃衣衾棺斂，送往山林，別爲廬舍，安置棺柩。亦有於村側瘞之，待二三十喪，總葬石窟。長沙郡又雜有夷蜒，名曰莫徭，自云其先祖有功，常免徭役，故以爲名。其男子但著白布褌衫，更無巾褲；其女子青布衫、班布裙，通無鞋屩。婚嫁用鐵鈷莽爲聘財。武陵、巴陵、零陵、桂陽、澧陽、衡山、熙平皆同焉。其喪葬之節，頗同于諸左云。

The "Documents". "Jing and Hengyang constitute Jing Province." Corresponding to the heavens above, from seventeen degrees of Zhang to eleven degrees of Zhen is the Quail Head asterism; in the earthly branches it corresponds to si; it is the allotment of Chu, as noted in the geography treatise. Its customs and products were quite like those of Yangzhou, as noted in the geography treatise. Its people were mostly fierce, bold, and resolute—probably also their inborn nature, as noted in the geography treatise. Nan, Yiling, Jingling, Mianyang, Yuanling, Qingjiang, Xiangyang, Chunling, Handong, Anlu, Yong'an, Yiyang, Jiujiang, and Jiangxia commanderies mostly mixed with Man on the left; those who lived intermingled with Han people were indistinguishable from the various Hua, as noted in the geography treatise. Those dwelling secluded in mountain valleys had unintelligible speech and wholly different tastes and dwellings—quite the same customs as Ba and Yu, as noted in the geography treatise. The various Man originally sprang from there, inheriting from Panhu afterward—hence their dress and adornments mostly used patterned cloth, as noted in the geography treatise. To address one another as "Man" was a deep taboo, as noted in the geography treatise. After the Jin house moved south, Nan Commandery and Xiangyang both became strategic strongholds where people gathered from all directions—hence there were ever more lines of gentry and officials, and they slightly came to honor ritual, righteousness, and the classics, as noted in the geography treatise. Jiujiang was the strategic hinge; Jiangxia, Jingling, and Anlu each had famous provinces as weighty posts of frontier defense—their people differed from the other commanderies, as noted in the geography treatise. Broadly speaking, Jing Province mostly revered ghosts and especially valued sacrificial affairs; in old times Qu Yuan composed the "Nine Songs"—probably from this, as noted in the geography treatise. On the full moon of the fifth month Qu Yuan went to the Miluo; local people pursued him to Dongting but did not see him; the lake was large and the boats small, and none could cross—so they sang. "How can we cross the lake!" Then they raced their oars homeward, gathering at pavilions; the practice was handed down and became the sport of racing boats, as noted in the geography treatise. Swift oars flew together, boat songs rang in confusion, shaking water and land; spectators were like clouds—all commanderies did so, but Nan Commandery and Xiangyang especially, as noted in the geography treatise. The two commanderies also had the sport of pulling hooks, said to come from military drill. A Chu general about to attack Wu used it to teach warfare; the practice flowed on unchanged and was handed down. When the hook first moved, there were drum beats; crowds shouted songs, startling far and near; popularly they said this overcame evil to bring abundant harvest, as noted in the geography treatise. The practice also spread to other commanderies, as noted in the geography treatise. When Emperor Jianwen of Liang governed Yong Region, he issued an edict forbidding it; thereby it largely ceased. In their rites of death and mourning, though without disheveled hair and bared shoulders, they still knew shouting and weeping, as noted in the geography treatise. At first death the corpse was immediately taken out to the central courtyard and not kept indoors, as noted in the geography treatise. When encoffining was complete, it was sent to the mountains, with thirteen years as the limit, as noted in the geography treatise. First an auspicious day was chosen; the bones were transferred to a small coffin—this was called "gathering the bones." Gathering the bones had to be done by the son-in-law; the Man greatly valued sons-in-law, hence this was entrusted to them, as noted in the geography treatise. The bone-gatherers removed the flesh and took the bones, discarding small ones and keeping large ones, as noted in the geography treatise. On the night of burial, sons-in-law—sometimes several tens—gathered at the clan elder's house, wearing mang-fiber heart caps and bamboo hats, called "Mao Sui." Each held a bamboo pole about one zhang long, three or four chi at the top still bearing branches and leaves, as noted in the geography treatise. Their ranks advancing and retreating all had rhythm; singing, chanting, and shouting also had fixed patterns, as noted in the geography treatise. Tradition says when Panhu first died he was placed in a tree; then bamboo and wood were used to pierce and bring him down—hence handed down to the present as custom, as noted in the geography treatise. They concealed the matter and called it "piercing the Northern Dipper." After burial and sacrifice, kin near and far all wept; when weeping ended and the family had arrived, they merely drank in joy and returned—there was no further sacrificial weeping, as noted in the geography treatise. The Zuo people were again different. No mourning garments, no soul-recalling rites. At first death the corpse was placed in a lodge; youths of the neighborhood each held bow and arrow and circled the corpse singing, beating the bow with the arrow as rhythm, as noted in the geography treatise. The song lyrics told pleasures of a lifetime up to the final end— broadly like today's elegies, as noted in the geography treatise. After dozens of stanzas they clothed and coffined the body and sent it to the mountains, separately making a hut to place the coffin, as noted in the geography treatise. Some also buried at the village side; after twenty or thirty funerals they were collectively interred in stone caves, as noted in the geography treatise. Changsha Commandery also mixed with Yiyan, called Mo Yao; they said their ancestors had merit and were permanently exempt from corvée—hence the name, as noted in the geography treatise. The men wore only white cloth drawers and jackets, with no caps or trousers; the women wore blue cloth jackets and patterned cloth skirts, generally without shoes or sandals, as noted in the geography treatise. Marriage and betrothal used iron cobalt ore as bride-price, as noted in the geography treatise. Wuling, Baling, Lingling, Guiyang, Liyang, Hengshan, and Xiping were all the same, as noted in the geography treatise. Their funeral rites were quite the same as those of the various Zuo, as noted in the geography treatise.

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