1
隋書卷四十三列傳第八
Book of Sui, Volume 43, Biographies 8
2
河間王弘 （子慶）
Yang Hong, Prince of Hejian (His son Qing)
3
河間王弘，字辟惡，高祖從祖弟也。 祖愛敬，早卒。 父元孫，少孤，隨母郭氏養于舅族。 及武元皇帝與周太祖建義關中，元孫時在鄴下，懼為齊人所誅，因假外家姓為郭氏。 元孫死，齊為周所並，弘始入關，與高祖相得。 高祖哀之，為買田宅。 弘性明悟，有文武幹略。 數從征伐，累遷開府儀同三司。 高祖為丞相，常置左右，委以心腹。 高祖詣周趙王宅，將及於難，弘時立於戶外，以衛高祖。 尋加上開府，賜爵永康縣公。 及上受禪，拜大將軍，進爵郡公。 尋贈其父為柱國、尚書令、河間郡公。 其年立弘為河間王，拜右衛大將軍。 歲餘，進授柱國。 時突厥屢為邊患，以行軍元帥率眾數萬，出靈州道，與虜相遇，戰，大破之，斬數千級。 賜物二千段，出拜甯州總管，進位上柱國。 弘在州，治尚清靜，甚有恩惠。 後數載，征還京師。 未幾，拜蒲州刺史，得以便宜從事。 時河東多盜賊，民不得安。 弘奏為盜者百餘人，投之邊裔，州境帖然，號為良吏。 每晉王廣入朝，弘輒領揚州總管，及晉王歸籓，弘複還蒲州。 在官十餘年，風教大洽。 煬帝嗣位，征還，拜太子太保。 歲餘，薨。 大業六年，追封郇王。 子慶嗣。
Yang Hong, Prince of Hejian, courtesy name Bie'e, was a cousin of Emperor Wen on the paternal line. His grandfather Aijing died at an early age. His father Yuansun lost his parents in childhood and was brought up by his mother, Lady Guo, among her maternal relatives. When Emperor Wuyuan and the Zhou dynastic founder raised their banner in Guanzhong, Yuansun was still in Ye. Fearing the Northern Qi would put him to death, he assumed his maternal clan's surname and became Guo. After Yuansun died and Qi was overrun by Zhou, Hong finally entered Guanzhong, where he and the future Emperor Wen became close. Moved by his plight, Emperor Wen bought him land and a house. Hong was quick-witted by nature and possessed both literary and military ability. He fought in several campaigns and rose in stages to the rank of Acting Third Rank Supervisor with the Opening of an Office. While still serving as chancellor, Yang Jian kept Hong close at hand and treated him as one of his most trusted inner circle. On the occasion when Yang Jian visited the residence of Zhao, Prince of Zhou, and nearly came to harm, Hong stood guard outside the door to protect him. Before long he was also granted the privilege of opening his own office and given the title Marquis of Yongkang County. When Yang Jian ascended the throne, Hong was made Grand General and promoted to Duke of a Commandery. Shortly thereafter his late father was posthumously honored as Pillar of State, Director of the Department of State Affairs, and Duke of Hejian Commandery. That year Hong was created Prince of Hejian and appointed General-in-Chief of the Right Guard. A little over a year later he was promoted to Pillar of State. When the Turks were repeatedly raiding the frontier, he served as commander of the field army at the head of tens of thousands of men. Marching out along the Lingzhou route, he met the enemy in battle and routed them, beheading several thousand. Rewarded with two thousand bales of textiles, he was appointed Director-General of Ning Province and promoted to First Rank Pillar of State. As provincial governor he favored a light, unobtrusive administration and was widely regarded as a benevolent ruler. After several years he was summoned back to the capital. Not long afterward he was made governor of Pu Prefecture with authority to act at his own discretion. Banditry was rampant in Hedong at the time, and the people lived in constant fear. Hong identified more than a hundred robbers and had them sent to the frontier. With the territory at peace, he won renown as an outstanding official. Whenever Prince Guang of Jin visited the capital, Hong would temporarily serve as Director-General of Yang Province; when the prince returned to his fief, Hong would go back to Pu. Over more than a decade in office, he brought local customs and moral instruction into excellent order. When Emperor Yang came to the throne, Hong was recalled and made Grand Mentor to the crown prince. A little over a year later he died. In Daye 6 (610), he was posthumously created Prince of Xun. His son Qing inherited his title.
4
慶傾曲，善候時變。 帝時猜忌骨肉，滕王綸等皆被廢放，唯慶獲全。 累遷滎陽郡太守，頗有治績。 及李密據洛口倉，榮陽諸縣多應密，慶勒兵拒守。 密頻遣攻之，不能克。 歲餘，城中糧盡，兵勢日蹙。 密因遺慶書曰：
Qing was pliable by nature and skilled at reading which way the wind was blowing. When the emperor grew suspicious of his own kin and deposed or banished princes such as Lun of Teng, Qing alone escaped unscathed. Rising through the ranks to Administrator of Xingyang Commandery, he compiled a solid record of governance. When Li Mi seized the Luokou Granary and many Xingyang counties rallied to him, Qing raised troops and held his ground. Li Mi sent repeated assaults but could not break through. After more than a year the city's food ran out and its defensive position grew ever tighter. Li Mi then sent Qing a letter that read:
5
自昏狂嗣位，多曆歲年，剝削生民，塗炭天下。 璿室瑤台之麗，未極驕奢； 糟丘酒池之荒，非為淫亂。 今者共舉義旗，勘剪凶虐，八方同德，萬里俱來，莫不期入關以亡秦，爭渡河而滅紂。 東窮海、岱，南洎江、淮，凡厥遺人，承風慕義，唯滎陽一郡，王獨守迷。 夫微子紂之元兄，族實為重，項伯籍之季父，戚乃非疏，然猶去朝歌而入周，背西楚而歸漢。 豈不眷戀宗祊，留連骨肉，但識寶鼎之將移，知神器之先改。 而王之先代，家住山東，本姓郭氏，乃非楊族。 止為宿與隋朝先有勳舊，遂得預沾磐石，名在葭莩。 婁敬之與漢高，殊非血胤，呂布之于董卓，良異天親，芝焚蕙歎，事不同此。 又王之昏主，心若豺狼，仇忿同胞，有逾沉、閼，惟勇及諒，咸磬甸師，況及族類為非，何能自保！ 為王計者，莫若舉城從義，開門送款，安若太山，高枕而臥，長守富貴，足為美談，乃至子孫，必有餘慶。 今王世充屢被摧蹙，自救無聊，偷存晷漏，詎能支久？ 段達、韋津，東都自固，何暇圖人？ 世充朝亡，達便夕滅。 又江都荒湎，流宕忘歸，內外崩離，人神怨憤。 上江米船，皆被抄截，士卒饑餒，半菽不充，事切析骸，義均煮弩。 舉烽火于驪山，諸侯莫至； 浮膠船于漢水，還日未期。 王獨守孤城，絕援千里，餱糧之計，僅有月餘，敝卒之多，才盈數百，有何恃賴，欲相拒抗！ 求枯魚於市肆，即事非虛； 因歸雁以運糧，竟知何日。 然城中豪傑，王之腹心，思殺長吏，將為內啟。 正恐禍生匕首，釁發蕭牆，空以七尺之軀，懸賞千金之購，可為寒心，可為酸鼻者也。 幸能三思，自求多福。
Ever since that benighted tyrant took the throne, year after year he has stripped the people bare and plunged the land into misery. The marvels of his jade halls and azure towers scarcely exhaust his arrogance and excess; Nor are his meat hills and wine pools simply wanton indulgence—they mark something far worse. Today we have raised the banner of righteous rebellion to strike down a brutal regime. From every quarter men have rallied, arriving from a thousand miles away, each longing to sweep into Guanzhong as the armies did when they brought down Qin, or to cross the river and topple a tyrant as when Zhou fell to the Zhou founders. From the eastern seas and Mount Tai to the Yangtze and the Huai, every survivor who still breathes has taken up our cause—yet in all this, only Xingyang Commandery, and Your Highness alone, still clings to the doomed order. Wei Zi was King Zhou of Shang's own elder brother—the tie of blood could scarcely have been closer; Xiang Bo was Xiang Ji of Western Chu's uncle—hardly a distant kinsman—yet both men left Chaoge to join King Wu of Zhou, and turned from Western Chu to serve the Han. Did they not love their ancestral altars and feel the pull of kinship? They simply understood that the Mandate was already shifting, and that the throne would soon pass to another house. Your own ancestors came from the east, bore the surname Guo, and were never truly of the Yang line. Only because of old ties of service to the Sui did you come to be treated as one of the dynasty's closest and most trusted kin. Lou Jing stood with Emperor Gaozu of Han though they shared no blood; Lü Bu served Dong Zhuo though heaven had made them no kin. When one orchid withers the others may grieve, but your case is not like that. And consider your sovereign: benighted and wolf-hearted, more savage toward his own brothers than the worst villains of old. Princes Yong and Liang were wiped out to the last man—why would your branch of the family fare any better? If I may advise Your Highness, your best course is to surrender the city and join our cause—to open the gates and submit. You would be as secure as Mount Tai itself, sleeping at ease while your wealth and rank endure. That would be a tale worth telling, and your descendants would reap the reward. Wang Shichong is already battered on every side, barely able to save himself; he lives on borrowed time. How long can he last? Duan Da and Wei Jin are busy holding the Eastern Capital together—they have no time to think of anyone else. When Shichong falls in the morning, Duan Da will be gone by nightfall. Meanwhile the emperor at Jiangdu gives himself over to dissipation and shows no sign of returning. Court and country are coming apart, and both men and gods are filled with fury. Grain ships heading upriver are seized before they arrive; the soldiers starve, unable even to fill half their bellies with beans. Men are already reduced to splitting the dead for meat—in spirit no different from boiling a bowstring for soup. Beacon fires blaze on Mount Li, yet no allies come to the rescue— while the emperor amuses himself with his glued boats on the Han, with no return in sight. Your Highness holds a lone city a thousand li from any help. Your dry rations will last barely a month; your weary troops number only a few hundred at best. What do you have to resist us with? To go to the market for dried fish is no mere figure of speech— and to hope wild geese might bring your grain, who can say when that would be? And within your walls are men of spirit among your closest followers, already plotting to slay their superiors and open the gates from inside. I fear disaster may come from a dagger at close hand, or rebellion erupt behind your own walls—you would offer up your life while a price of a thousand in gold is put on your head. The thought makes one shudder; it turns the stomach. I urge you to weigh this carefully and choose what will bring you fortune.
6
于時江都敗問亦至，慶得書，遂降於密，改姓為郭氏。 密為王世充所破，複歸東都，更為楊氏，越王侗不之責也。 及侗稱制，拜宗正卿。 世充將篡，慶首為勸進。 世充既僭偽號，降爵郇國公，慶複為郭氏。 世充以兄女妻之，署滎州刺史。 及世充將敗，慶欲將其妻同歸長安，其妻謂之曰：「國家以妾奉箕帚於公者，欲以申厚意，結公心耳。 今叔父窮迫，家國阽危，而公不顧婚姻，孤負付屬，為全身之計，非妾所能責公也。 妾若至長安，則公家一婢耳，何用妾為！ 願得送還東都，君之惠也。」 慶不許。 其妻遂沐浴靚妝，仰藥而死。 慶歸大唐，為宜州刺史、郇國公，複姓楊氏。 其嫡母元太妃，年老，兩目失明，王世充以慶叛己而斬之。
About then word came of the disaster at Jiangdu. Qing read Li Mi's letter and surrendered to him, reverting to the surname Guo. After Li Mi was defeated by Wang Shichong, Qing returned to the Eastern Capital, took the Yang surname once more, and Yang Tong, Prince of Yue, did not hold it against him. When Tong assumed regency, Qing was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan Court. When Wang Shichong prepared to seize the throne, Qing was first to urge him on. After Shichong declared himself emperor, Qing was demoted to Duke of Xun and again adopted the surname Guo. Shichong married him to his elder brother's daughter and made him governor of Xingyang. As Wang Shichong's defeat drew near, Qing wanted to take his wife with him to Chang'an. She said to him, "The state gave me to you in marriage to show you good faith and win your loyalty. Now that my uncle is at the end of his rope and his regime is failing, and you would abandon our marriage to save yourself—I cannot fault you for choosing to survive. But if I reached Chang'an, I would be nothing but a servant in your house. What purpose would I serve there? Let me return to the Eastern Capital—that would be your act of grace. Qing refused. His wife bathed, dressed herself in her finest clothes, and took poison. Qing then submitted to the Tang and was appointed governor of Yi Province and Duke of Xun, resuming the surname Yang. His stepmother, Grand Consort Yuan, was elderly and blind in both eyes. Wang Shichong had her executed when Qing defected.
7
○楊處綱
Yang Chugang
8
楊處綱，高祖族父也。 生長北邊，少習騎射。 在周嘗以軍功拜上儀同。 高祖受禪，贈其父鐘葵為柱國、尚書令、義城縣公，以處綱襲焉。 授開府，督武候事。 尋為太子宗衛率，轉左監門郎將。 後數載，起授右領軍將軍。 處綱雖無才藝，而性質直，在官強濟，亦為當時所稱。 尋拜蒲州刺史，吏民悅之。 進位大將軍。 後遷秦州總管，卒官。 諡曰恭。
Yang Chugang was an elder kinsman of Emperor Wen on the Yang clan side. Raised on the northern frontier, he trained in riding and archery from boyhood. Under the Northern Zhou he was promoted to Senior Acting Associate on the strength of his military service. When Yang Jian took the throne, he posthumously honored Chugang's father Zhongkui as Pillar of State, Director of the Department of State Affairs, and Duke of Yicheng County, and Chugang inherited the title. He was granted the privilege of opening his own office and put in charge of the Martial Guard. He soon became Colonel Director of the crown prince's clan guard, then transferred to Left Commandant of the Monitoring Gate. Several years later he was recalled and appointed Right Corps Commander General. Chugang had no special gifts, but he was upright by nature and forceful in office, and won respect in his day. He was soon made governor of Pu Prefecture, where officials and commoners alike welcomed him. He was promoted to Grand General. He was later transferred to Director-General of Qin Province, where he died in office. He was given the posthumous name Respectful (Gong).
9
弟處樂，官至洛州刺史。 漢王諒之反也，朝廷以為有二心，廢錮不齒。
His younger brother Chule rose to become governor of Luo Prefecture. When Prince Liang of Han rebelled, the court suspected Chule of divided loyalties; he was stripped of rank, imprisoned, and disgraced.
10
○楊子崇
Yang Zichong
11
楊子崇，高祖族弟也。 父盆生，贈荊州刺史。 子崇少好學，涉獵書記，有風儀，愛賢好士。 開皇初，拜儀同，以車騎將軍恆典宿衛。 後為司門侍郎。 煬帝嗣位，累遷候衛將軍，坐事免。 未幾，複令檢校將軍事。 從帝幸汾陽宮，子崇知突厥必為寇患，屢請早還京師，帝不納。 尋有雁門之圍。 及賊退，帝怒之曰：「子崇怯軟，妄有陳請，驚動我眾心，不可居爪牙之寄。」 出為離石郡太守，治有能名。 自是突厥屢寇邊塞，胡賊劉六兒複擁眾劫掠郡境，子崇上表請兵鎮遏。 帝複大怒，下書令子崇巡行長城。 子崇出百餘裡，四面路絕，不得進而歸。 時百姓饑饉，相聚為盜，子崇前後捕斬數千人。 歲餘，朔方梁師都、馬邑劉武周等各稱兵作亂，郡中諸胡複相嘯聚。 子崇患之，言欲朝集，遂與心腹數百人自孟門關將還京師。 輜重半濟，遇河西諸縣各殺長吏，叛歸師都，道路隔絕，子崇退歸離石。 所將左右，既聞太原有兵起，不復入城，遂各叛去。 子崇悉收叛者父兄斬之。 後數日，義兵夜至城下，城中豪傑複出應之。 城陷，子崇為仇家所殺。
Yang Zichong was a younger clansman-cousin of Emperor Wen. His father Pensheng was posthumously honored as governor of Jing Province. Zichong loved study from childhood, read widely, carried himself with dignity, and delighted in talented men. Early in the Kaihuang era he was made Acting Associate and regularly performed palace guard duty as General of Chariots and Cavalry. He later served as Vice Director of the Department of Gatekeepers. After Emperor Yang came to the throne, he rose to General of the Guarding Retinue but was dismissed when implicated in an offense. Not long afterward he was again entrusted with provisional command of military affairs. When he accompanied the emperor to the Fenyang Palace, Zichong was convinced the Turks would soon raid the frontier and repeatedly urged an early return to the capital, but the emperor refused to listen. Soon afterward came the siege at Yanmen. When the enemy withdrew, the emperor raged at him: "Zichong is cowardly and weak. His ill-timed warnings have unsettled the army. He is unfit to hold a commander's post. He was demoted to Administrator of Lishi Commandery, where he nevertheless earned a reputation for effective administration. From then on the Turks raided the frontier repeatedly, and the rebel Liu Liu'er gathered forces to pillage the commandery. Zichong petitioned for troops to restore order. The emperor erupted in anger again and ordered Zichong to make a patrol inspection of the Great Wall. Zichong marched out more than a hundred li, but every route was blocked and he was forced to turn back. With famine driving people to banditry, Zichong captured and executed several thousand in the course of his duties. A little over a year later, Liang Shidu in Shuofang and Liu Wuzhou in Mayi each rose in arms, and the non-Han peoples of the commandery likewise began gathering in rebellion. Alarmed by the growing chaos, Zichong announced that he would go to court and, with several hundred trusted men, set out from Mengmen Pass toward the capital. Their baggage train was still half across the river when word came that the counties west of the Yellow River had killed their magistrates and joined Liang Shidu. With the roads cut off, Zichong retreated to Lishi. His men, hearing that an army had risen at Taiyuan, refused to re-enter the city and deserted one by one. Zichong rounded up the fathers and elder brothers of the deserters and had them all executed. A few days later rebel troops appeared outside the walls by night, and prominent locals inside the city opened the gates to join them. The city fell, and Zichong was killed by men who bore a grudge against him.
12
○觀德王雄弟達
Guande Prince Xiong — his younger brother Da
13
觀德王雄，初名惠，高祖族子也。 父紹，仕周，曆八州刺史、儻城縣公，賜姓叱呂引氏。 雄美姿儀，有器度，雍容閒雅，進止可觀。 周武帝時，為太子司旅下大夫。 帝幸雲陽宮，衛王直作亂，以其徒襲肅章門，雄逆拒破之。 進位上儀同，封武陽縣公，邑千戶。 累遷右司衛上大夫。 大象中，進爵邗國公，邑五千戶。 高祖為丞相，雍州牧畢王賢謀作難，雄時為別駕，知其謀，以告高祖。 賢伏誅，以功授柱國、雍州牧，仍領相府虞候。 周宣帝葬，備諸王有變，令雄率六千騎送至陵所。 進位上柱國。
Guande Prince Xiong, originally named Hui, was a clansman-son of Emperor Wen. His father Shao had served the Northern Zhou as governor of eight provinces in succession, held the title Duke of Tangcheng County, and been granted the surname Chilüyin. Xiong was handsome and dignified, with a calm, elegant bearing and a presence that commanded respect. Under Emperor Wu of Zhou he held the post of Junior Grand Master of the crown prince's retinue protocol. When the emperor visited the Yunyang Palace, Prince Zhi of Wei rebelled and led his followers in an assault on the Su Zang Gate; Xiong met the attack and routed them. He was promoted to Senior Acting Associate and created Duke of Wuyang County with a fief of one thousand households. He rose through the ranks to Senior Grand Master of the Right Guard Bureau. In the Daxiang era he was promoted to Duke of Han with a fief of five thousand households. While Yang Jian served as chancellor, Bi Wang Xian, Governor of Yong Province, plotted rebellion. Xiong, then serving as assistant administrator, discovered the plot and reported it to Yang Jian. Xian was executed. For this service Xiong was made Pillar of State and Governor of Yong Province while continuing to command the chancellor's guard patrol. At Emperor Xuan of Zhou's funeral, fearing the princes might cause trouble, the court ordered Xiong to escort the procession to the tomb with six thousand cavalry. He was promoted to First Rank Pillar of State.
14
高祖受禪，除左衛將軍，兼宗正卿。 俄遷右衛大將軍，參預朝政。 進封廣平王，食邑五千戶，以邗公別封一子。 雄請封弟士貴，朝廷許之。 或奏高熲朋黨者，上詰雄於朝。 雄對曰：「臣忝衛宮闈，朝夕左右，若有朋附，豈容不知！ 至尊欽明睿哲，萬機親覽，熲用心平允，奉法而行。 此乃愛憎之理，惟陛下察之。」 高祖深然其言。 雄時貴寵，冠絕一時，與高熲、虞慶則、蘇威稱為「四貴」。
When Yang Jian took the throne, Xiong was appointed Left Guard General and concurrently Director of the Imperial Clan Court. He was soon transferred to General-in-Chief of the Right Guard and given a voice in state affairs. He was created Prince of Guangping with a fief of five thousand households, and one son was separately given the title Duke of Han. Xiong petitioned to have his younger brother Shigui enfeoffed, and the court agreed. When someone accused Gao Jiong of forming a faction, the emperor questioned Xiong about it at court. Xiong replied, "I serve at the emperor's side day and night. If Gao Jiong had gathered a clique, I would surely know of it! Your Majesty is wise and personally oversees every matter of state. Gao Jiong is fair-minded and acts strictly according to law. This accusation springs from personal likes and dislikes. I ask Your Majesty to see through it. Emperor Wen found his answer entirely convincing. At the height of his career Xiong's favor eclipsed all rivals; together with Gao Jiong, Yu Qingze, and Su Wei he was known as one of the "Four Exalted Ones."
15
雄寬容下士，朝野傾矚。 高祖惡其得眾，陰忌之，不欲其典兵馬。 乃下冊書，拜雄為司空，曰：「維開皇九年八月朔壬戌，皇帝若曰：於戲！ 惟爾上柱國、左衛大將軍、宗正卿、廣平王，風度寬弘，位望隆顯，爰司禁旅，綿曆十載。 入當心腹，外任爪牙，驅馳軒陛，勤勞著績。 念舊庸勳，禮秩加等。 公輔之寄，民具爾瞻，宜竭乃誠，副茲名實，是用命爾為司空。 往欽哉！ 光應寵命，得不慎歟！」 外示優崇，實奪其權也。 雄無職務，乃閉門不通賓客。 尋改封清漳王。 仁壽初，高祖曰：「清漳之名，未允聲望。」 命職方進地圖，上指安德郡以示群臣曰：「此號足為名德相稱。」 於是改封安德王。
Xiong was gracious toward men of talent, and all eyes in court and country turned toward him. Emperor Wen resented his popularity and secretly distrusted him; he did not want Xiong in command of military forces. He therefore issued an investiture edict creating Xiong Minister of Works: "On the first day, renxu, of the eighth month, Kaihuang 9, the emperor speaks: Alas! You, First Rank Pillar of State, General-in-Chief of the Left Guard, Director of the Imperial Clan Court, Prince of Guangping—of generous bearing and illustrious standing, you have commanded the palace guard these ten years past. Within you have been the emperor's trusted confidant; without you have wielded the dynasty's authority, serving tirelessly at court with conspicuous merit. In recognition of your long and faithful service, your ceremonial rank is hereby raised. The burden of a chief minister rests on you, and the people look to you accordingly. Devote yourself fully to the charge. I therefore appoint you Minister of Works. Go forth and fulfill this trust! You have received an honor of the highest kind—act with all due care! Outwardly it was a mark of highest honor; in fact it removed him from command. With no official duties left to him, Xiong shut his gates and refused visitors. He was soon re-created Prince of Qingzhang. Early in the Renshou era Emperor Wen said, "The title Prince of Qingzhang does not match his standing. He ordered the map brought and, pointing to Ande Commandery, showed it to the officials: "This title is worthy of his reputation." Xiong was thereupon re-created Prince of Ande.
16
子恭仁，位至吏部侍郎。 恭仁弟綝，性和厚，頗有文學。 曆義州刺史、淮南太守。 及父薨，起為司隸大夫。 遼東之役，帝令綝於臨海頓別有所督。 楊玄感之反也，玄感弟玄縱自帝所逃赴其兄，路逢綝。 綝避人偶語久之，既別而複相就者數矣。 司隸刺史劉休文奏之。 時綝兄吏部侍郎恭仁將兵於外，帝以是寢之，未發其事。 綝尤懼，發病而卒。 綝弟續，仕至散騎侍郎。
His son Gongren rose to become Vice Director of the Ministry of Personnel. Gongren's younger brother Shen was mild and generous by nature and had some literary talent. He served in turn as governor of Yi Province and administrator of Huainan. When his father died he was recalled from mourning and appointed Censor-in-Chief. During the Liaodong campaign the emperor assigned Shen separate supervisory duties at Linhaidun. When Yang Xuangan rebelled, Xuangan's brother Xuanzong fled the imperial camp to join him and met Shen on the road. Shen spoke with him at length out of others' hearing, parted—and then they came together again, more than once. Censor-in-Chief Liu Xiuwen reported the matter to the throne. Because Shen's elder brother Gongren was then commanding troops in the field, the emperor set the matter aside and took no action. Shen was terrified; he fell ill and died. Shen's younger brother Xu rose to become Attendant Cavalier.
17
雄弟達，字士達。 少聰敏，有學行。 仕周，官至儀同、內史下大夫，遂甯縣男。 高祖受禪，拜給事黃門侍郎，進爵為子。 時吐谷渾寇邊，詔上柱國元諧為元帥，達為司馬。 軍還、兼吏部侍郎，加開府。 歲餘，轉內史侍郎，出為鄯、鄭、趙三州刺史，俱有能名。 平陳之後，四海大同，上差品天下牧宰，達為第一，賜雜彩五百段，加以金帶，擢拜工部尚書，加位上開府。 達為人弘厚，有局度。 楊素每言曰：「有君子之貌，兼君子之心者，唯楊達耳。」 獻皇后及高祖山陵制度，達並參豫焉。
Xiong's younger brother Da, courtesy name Shida. Clever from youth, he was a man of learning and integrity. Under the Northern Zhou he rose to Acting Associate and Junior Grand Master of the Palace Secretariat, and held the title Baron of Suining County. When Yang Jian took the throne, Da was made Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate and promoted to viscount. When the Tuyuhun raided the frontier, Yuan Xie was appointed commander with Da as his chief of staff. On the army's return he was additionally made Vice Director of the Ministry of Personnel and granted the privilege of opening his own office. A little over a year later he became Vice Director of the Palace Secretariat, then served as governor of Shan, Zheng, and Zhao in succession, earning a reputation for competent administration in each. After the conquest of Chen and the unification of the realm, the emperor ranked every provincial governor in the land. Da placed first. He was rewarded with five hundred bales of colored silks and a gold belt, promoted to Director of the Ministry of Public Works, and granted the rank of Senior Opening of an Office. Da was openhearted and magnanimous, a man of broad vision and steady judgment. Yang Su often said, "Among those who look the gentleman and are one in spirit, Yang Da is the only example I know. Da played a part in planning the tomb arrangements for Empress Xian and Emperor Wen alike.
18
煬帝嗣位，轉納言，仍領營東都副監，帝甚信重之。 遼東之役，領右武衛將軍，進位左光祿大夫，卒于師，時年六十二。 帝嘆惜者久之，贈吏部尚書、始安侯。 諡曰恭。 贈物三百五十段。
When Emperor Yang came to the throne, Da became Palace Reporter and served concurrently as deputy supervisor of the Eastern Capital project. The emperor trusted and relied on him deeply. During the Liaodong campaign he served as General of the Right Martial Guard and was promoted to Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. He died in camp at the age of sixty-two. The emperor mourned him at length and posthumously honored him as Director of the Ministry of Personnel and Marquis of Shi'an. He was given the posthumous name Respectful (Gong). Three hundred fifty bales of goods were granted in his honor.
19
史臣曰：高祖始遷周鼎，眾心未附，利建同姓，維城宗社，是以河間、觀德，咸啟山河。 屬乃葭莩，地非寵逼，故高位厚秩，與時終始。 楊慶二三其德，志在苟生，變本宗如反掌，棄慈母如遺跡，及身而絕，宜其然矣。 觀王位登臺袞，慶流後嗣，保茲寵祿，實仁厚之所致乎！
The historiographer writes: When Emperor Wen first seized the Mandate, loyalties were still unsettled. He enfeoffed men of the Yang clan to buttress the throne—thus the princes of Hejian and Guande were both granted domains spanning mountains and rivers. Being only distant kin and holding no positions that threatened the throne, they enjoyed high rank and generous stipends from start to finish. Yang Qing was inconstant in his loyalties and cared only to save his own skin—changing his clan as easily as turning his hand, abandoning his stepmother as if she were nothing. That his line ended with him was only to be expected. Guande Prince Xiong rose to the highest honors, and his descendants inherited his rank and favor—is that not the reward of a generous and forbearing nature?