1
太宗明元皇帝，諱嗣，太祖長子也，母曰劉貴人，登國七年生於雲中宮。 太祖晚有子，聞而大悅，乃大赦天下。 帝明叡寬毅，非禮不動，太祖甚奇之。 天興六年，封齊王，拜相國，加車騎大將軍。
Taizong, Emperor Mingyuan, bore the taboo name Si. He was Taizu's eldest son; his mother was Lady Liu. In the seventh year of Dengguo he was born at Yunzhong Palace. Taizu had long been without an heir; when at last a son was born, he rejoiced and granted amnesty to the empire. The boy was bright, wise, magnanimous, and firm; he would not stir except by ritual. Taizu thought him extraordinary. In the sixth year of Tianxing he was made Prince of Qi, appointed Chancellor of State, and given the additional rank of General of Chariots and Cavalry.
2
初，帝母劉貴人賜死，太祖告帝曰：「昔漢武帝將立其子而殺其母，不令婦人後與國政，使外家為亂。 汝當繼統，故吾遠同漢武，為長久之計。」 帝素純孝，哀泣不能自勝，太祖怒之。 帝還宮，哀不自止，日夜號泣。 太祖知而又召之。 帝欲入，左右曰：「孝子事父，小杖則受，大杖避之。 今陛下怒盛，入或不測，陷帝於不義。 不如且出，待怒解而進，不晚也。」 帝懼，從之，乃遊行逃於外。
Early on, the Emperor's mother Lady Liu was put to death. Taizu told him, "Long ago Emperor Wu of Han, about to set his son on the throne, killed the boy's mother so that no woman might later meddle in government and no maternal clan might sow chaos. You are to inherit the throne. I have followed Emperor Wu's example from afar, thinking of what must last." The Emperor had always been deeply filial. He wept until he could no longer master himself, and Taizu grew angry. Back in the palace, his grief would not cease; day and night he mourned aloud. When Taizu heard of it, he summoned him again. The Emperor meant to go in, but his attendants said, "A filial son obeys a light stroke and flees a heavy one. Your father's wrath is at its height. If you go in now, you cannot tell what may happen—and you would put the Son of Heaven in the wrong. Better withdraw for now and return when his anger has cooled. That will not be too late." Afraid, he took their counsel and went abroad in flight.
3
天賜六年冬十月，清河王紹作逆，太祖崩。 帝入誅紹。 壬申，即皇帝位，[2]大赦，改年為永興元年。 追尊皇妣為宣穆皇后。 公卿大臣先罷歸第不與朝政者，悉復登用之。 詔南平公長孫嵩、北新侯安同對理民訟，簡賢任能，彝倫攸敍。 閏十月丁亥，朱提王悅謀反，賜死。 詔鄭兵將軍、山陽侯奚斤巡行諸州，[3]問民疾苦，撫恤窮乏。 十有二月戊戌，封衞王儀子良為南陽王，陰平公元烈進爵為王，高涼王樂真改封平陽王。 己亥，帝始居西宮，御天文殿。 蠕蠕犯塞。
In the tenth month of winter in the sixth year of Tianci, Prince of Qinghe Shao rose in rebellion and Taizu died. The Emperor entered the capital, put Shao to death, and seized power. On the renshen day he took the throne, [2] proclaimed a general amnesty, and declared the first year of Yongxing. He raised his late mother to the posthumous title Empress Xuanmu. Every duke and minister who had been sent home and barred from government was recalled to office. He decreed that Changsun Song, Duke of Nanping, and An Tong, Marquis of Beixin, should hear civil cases, choose able men for office, and put the moral order to rights. On the dinghai day of the intercalary tenth month, Prince of Zhuti Yue plotted rebellion and was ordered to take his own life. He decreed that Xi Jin, General of Zheng Troops and Marquis of Shanyang, should tour the provinces, [3] ask after the people's hardships, and succor the poor. On the wuxu day of the twelfth month, Ziliang, son of the Prince of Wei, was made Prince of Nanyang; Yuan Lie, Prince of Yinping, was raised to princely rank; and Yuezhen, Prince of Gaoliang, was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Pingyang. On the jihai day the Emperor moved into the Western Palace and held court in the Hall of Heavenly Patterns. The Rouran struck the border.
4
是歲，乞伏乾歸據金城自稱秦王。 高雲為海夷馮跋所滅，跋僭號，自稱大燕天王。
That year Qifu Qian'gui seized Jincheng and declared himself King of Qin. Gao Yun fell to Feng Ba, a lord of the eastern sea; Ba seized the throne and styled himself Great Heavenly King of Yan.
5
二年春正月甲寅朔，詔南平公長孫嵩等北伐蠕蠕。 平陽民黃苗等，依汾自固，受姚興官號。 并州刺史元六頭討平之。 二月癸未朔，詔將軍于栗磾領步騎一萬鎮平陽。
In the second year, on the first day of the first month of spring, the jiayin day, he ordered Changsun Song and others to march north against the Rouran. At Pingyang, Huang Miao and his band entrenched themselves along the Fen and took commissions from Yao Xing. Yuan Liutou, governor of Bingzhou, attacked and pacified them. On the first guiwei day of the second month he ordered General Yu Lüpi to take ten thousand infantry and cavalry to garrison Pingyang.
6
夏五月，長孫嵩等自大漠還，蠕蠕追圍之於牛川。 壬申，帝北伐。 蠕蠕聞而遁走，車駕還幸參合陂。
In the fifth month of summer, Changsun Song's column returned from the deep desert; the Rouran pursued and trapped them at Niuchuan. On the renshen day the Emperor marched north in person. The Rouran heard and withdrew; the court returned and halted at Canhebo.
7
秋七月丁巳，立馬射臺於陂西，仍講武教戰。 乙丑，車駕至自北伐。 八月，章武民劉牙聚眾反。 山陽侯奚斤討平之。 九月甲寅，葬太祖宣武皇帝於盛樂金陵。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the dingsi day, a horse-shooting terrace was raised west of the marsh, and troops were drilled for war. On the yichou day the court returned from the northern expedition. In the eighth month the people of Zhangwu, led by Liu Ya, rose in armed revolt. Xi Jin, Marquis of Shanyang, attacked and pacified them. On the jiayin day of the ninth month, Taizu Emperor Xuanwu was buried at Jinling in Shengle.
8
冬十有二月辛巳，詔將軍周觀率眾詣西河離石，鎮撫山胡。
In the twelfth month of winter, on the xinsi day, he ordered General Zhou Guan to march to Xilihe in Xihe and pacify the mountain Hu.
9
是歲，司馬德宗將劉裕，滅慕容超於廣固。
That year Liu Yu, general to Sima Dezong, destroyed Murong Chao at Guanggu.
10
三年春二月戊戌，詔曰：「衣食足，知榮辱。 夫人飢寒切己，唯恐朝夕不濟，所急者溫飽而已，何暇及於仁義之事乎？ 王教之多違，蓋由於此也。 非夫耕婦織，內外相成，何以家給人足矣。 其簡宮人非所當御及執作伎巧，自餘悉出以配鰥民。」 己亥，詔北新侯安同等持節循行并、定二州及諸山居雜胡、丁零，問其疾苦，察舉守宰不法； 其冤窮失職、強弱相陵、孤寒不能自存者，各以事聞。 昌黎、遼東民二千餘家內屬。 三月己未，詔侍臣常帶劍。
In the third year, on the wuxu day of the second month of spring, an edict declared: "Only when clothing and food are secure do people discern honor from shame. When hunger and cold press close, a man dreads only that he may not eat his next meal or wear his next coat. Warmth and a full belly are all he can seek—how should he spare a thought for benevolence and ritual? Much of the empire's defiance of the king's teaching comes of this. Unless husbands plow and wives weave, each doing the work within and without the home, how shall families be fed and the people content? Release every palace woman unfit for the inner quarters or kept only for clever crafts; let the rest be given in marriage to men without wives." On the jihai day he decreed that An Tong and others, bearing the imperial staff, should tour Bing and Ding and the mountain Hu and Dingling settlements, ask after their hardships, and report corrupt officials; and wherever men had been wronged, driven from office, bullied by the strong, or left orphaned and cold without means to live, they were to bring each case before the throne. More than two thousand households from Changli and Liaodong came in submission. On the jiwei day of the third month he decreed that court attendants should always wear swords.
11
夏四月戊寅，河東蜀民黃思、郭綜等率營部七百餘家內屬。 五月丁卯，車駕謁金陵於盛樂。 己巳，昌黎王慕容伯兒謀反，伏誅。 六月，姚興遣使來聘。 西河胡張賢等率營部內附。
In the fourth month of summer, on the wuyin day, Huang Si, Guo Zong, and other Shu clansmen of Hedong led more than seven hundred camp households into allegiance. On the dingmao day of the fifth month the court visited Taizu's tomb at Jinling in Shengle. On the jisi day Murong Bo'er, Prince of Changli, plotted rebellion and was put to death. In the sixth month Yao Xing sent envoys on a friendly mission. Zhang Xian and other Hu leaders of Xihe brought their camp followers in submission.
12
秋七月戊申，賜衞士酺三日、布帛各有差。 辛酉，賜附國大人錦罽衣服各有差。 八月戊寅，詔將軍、束州侯尉古真統兵五千，鎮西境太洛城。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the wushen day, the palace guard was granted three days of feasting and gifts of cloth and silk according to rank. On the xinyou day the chieftains of the attached peoples received brocade robes and felt garments, each according to his station. On the wuyin day of the eighth month he ordered Wei Guyuan, General and Marquis of Suzhou, to take five thousand men and garrison Tailuo on the western border.
13
冬十二月甲戌，[4]蠕蠕斛律宗黨吐觝于等百餘人內屬。 甲午，詔南平公長孫嵩、任城公嵇拔、白馬侯崔玄伯等坐朝堂，錄決囚徒，務在平當。
In the twelfth month of winter, on the jiaxu day, [4] more than a hundred men of the Rouran Hulu clan, including Tudi, came in submission. On the jiawu day he ordered Changsun Song, Duke of Nanping, Ji Ba, Duke of Rencheng, Cui Xuanbo, Marquis of Baima, and others to sit in the hall of audience, hear criminal cases, and judge with even hand.
14
四年春二月癸未，登虎圈射虎； 賜南平公長孫嵩等布帛各有差。
In the fourth year, on the guiwei day of the second month of spring, he entered the tiger compound to shoot tigers; Changsun Song and the rest received gifts of cloth and silk according to rank.
15
夏四月乙未，宴羣臣於西宮，使各獻直言。
In the fourth month of summer, on the yiwei day, he feasted his ministers in the Western Palace and bade each speak his mind without flattery.
16
秋七月己巳朔，東巡。 置四廂大將，又放十二時，置十二小將。 以山陽侯奚斤、元城侯元屈行左右丞相。 己卯，大獮于石會山。 戊子，臨去畿陂觀漁。 庚寅，至于濡源。 西巡，幸北部諸落，賜以繒帛。 八月庚戌，車駕還宮。 壬子，幸西宮，臨板殿，大饗羣臣將吏，以田獵所獲賜之，命民大酺三日。 乙卯，賜王公以下至宿衞將士布帛各有差。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the first jisi day, he made an eastern progress. He appointed four great generals for the side halls and, dividing the day into twelve watches, twelve lesser generals as well. Xi Jin, Marquis of Shanyang, and Yuan Qu, Marquis of Yuancheng, served as left and right chancellors. On the jimao day he held a great hunt at Mount Shihui. On the wuzi day he came to the Ji marsh to watch the fishing. On the gengyin day he reached Ruyuan. He turned west, visited the settlements of the northern tribes, and bestowed silks. On the gengxu day of the eighth month the court returned to the palace. On the renzi day he went to the Western Palace and the Board Hall, where he feasted ministers, officers, and clerks and gave them the game of the hunt; the people were ordered to feast for three days. On the yimao day dukes, princes, and all down to the palace guard received cloth and silk according to rank.
17
冬十有一月乙丑，賜宗室近屬南陽王良已下至於緦麻之親布帛各有差。 十有二月丁巳，車駕北巡，至長城而還。
In the eleventh month of winter, on the yichou day, the imperial clan from Prince of Nanyang Liang down to kinsmen in the remotest degree of mourning received cloth and silk according to station. On the dingsi day of the twelfth month the court marched north to the Great Wall and returned.
18
是年，乞伏乾歸為兄子公府所殺，子熾磐立。 沮渠蒙遜自稱河西王。
That year Qifu Qian'gui was killed by his nephew Gongfu; his son Chipan succeeded him. Juqu Mengxun declared himself Prince of Hexi.
19
五年春正月己巳，大閱，畿內男子十二以上悉集。 己卯，幸西宮。 頞拔大、渠帥四十餘人詣闕奉貢，賜以繒帛錦罽各有差。 乙酉，詔諸州六十戶出戎馬一匹。 庚寅，大閱於東郊，部署將帥。 以山陽侯奚斤為前軍，眾三萬，陽平王熙等十二將，各一萬騎； 帝臨白登，躬自校覽焉。 二月戊申，賜陽平王熙及諸王、公、侯、將士布帛各有差。 庚戌，幸高柳川。 甲寅，車駕還宮。 癸丑，穿魚池於北苑。 庚午，姚興遣使來聘。 詔分遣使者巡求儁逸，其豪門強族為州閭所推者，及有文武才幹、臨疑能決，或有先賢世冑、德行清美、學優義博、可為人師者，各令詣京師，當隨才敍用，以贊庶政。
In the fifth year, on the jisi day of the first month of spring, he held a great review: every man of twelve or more within the capital district was mustered. On the jimao day he visited the Western Palace. More than forty great chiefs and clan leaders of the Eba came to court with tribute and received silks, brocades, and felt garments according to rank. On the yiyou day he decreed that every sixty households in the provinces should supply one war horse. On the gengyin day he held a great review at the eastern suburb and arrayed his generals. Xi Jin, Marquis of Shanyang, led the vanguard with thirty thousand men; Prince of Yangping Xi and twelve other commanders each led ten thousand horse; the Emperor came to Baideng and inspected the host in person. On the wushen day of the second month Prince of Yangping Xi, the princes, dukes, marquises, and officers received cloth and silk according to rank. On the gengxu day he went to Gaoliuchuan. On the jiayin day the court returned to the palace. On the guichou day a fish pond was dug in the northern park. On the gengwu day Yao Xing again sent envoys on a friendly mission. He decreed that envoys should tour the realm in search of excellence: men of powerful houses commended by their districts; men of civil or military talent able to settle hard cases; men of eminent lineage, pure conduct, and wide learning fit to teach others—each such man was to come to the capital, where he would be given office according to his gifts.
20
夏四月，河東民薛相率部內屬。 乙巳，上黨民勞聰、士臻羣聚為盜，殺太守令長，相率外奔。 乙卯，車駕西巡，詔前軍奚斤等先行，討越勤部於跋那山。
In the fourth month of summer Xue Xiang of Hedong brought his following in submission. On the yisi day Lao Cong and Shi Zhen of Shangdang gathered bands of robbers, killed their prefect and magistrates, and fled beyond the border. On the yimao day the court turned west and ordered the vanguard Xi Jin and others to march ahead and strike the Yueqin tribe at Mount Bana.
21
夏五月乙亥，行幸雲中舊宮之大室。 丙子，大赦天下。 西河張外、建興王紹，自以所犯罪重，不敢解散。 庚戌，遣元城侯元屈等率眾三千鎮并州。 乙卯，詔會稽公劉潔、永安侯魏勤等率眾三千鎮西河。 六月，西幸五原，校獵于骨羅山，獲獸十萬。 濩澤劉逸自號征東將軍、三巴王，王紹為署置官屬，攻逼建興郡。 元屈等討平之。
In the fifth month of summer, on the yihai day, the court came to the Great Hall of the old palace at Yunzhong. On the bingzi day he proclaimed a general amnesty. Zhang Wai of Xihe and Wang Shao of Jianxing, knowing their crimes were grave, did not dare lay down their arms. On the gengxu day Yuan Qu, Marquis of Yuancheng, and others were sent with three thousand men to garrison Bingzhou. On the yimao day he ordered Liu Jie, Duke of Kuaiji, Wei Qin, Marquis of Yong'an, and others to take three thousand men to garrison Xihe. In the sixth month he marched west to Wuyuan, hunted at Mount Guluo, and took a hundred thousand head of game. Liu Yi of Huoze declared himself General Who Conquers the East and King of Sanba; Wang Shao was made to appoint officials; together they besieged Jianxing commandery. Yuan Qu and the others attacked and pacified them.
22
秋七月己巳，還幸薄山。 帝登觀太祖遊幸刻石頌德之處，乃於其旁起石壇而薦饗焉。 賜從者大酺於山下。 奚斤等破越勤倍泥部落於跋那山西，獲馬五萬匹，牛二十萬頭，徙二萬餘家於大寧，計口受田。 河西胡曹龍、張大頭等，各領部，擁眾二萬人，來入蒲子，逼脅張外於研子壘。 外懼，給以牛酒，殺馬盟誓，推龍為大單于，奉美女良馬於龍。 丙戌，車駕自大室西南巡諸部落，賜其渠帥繒帛各有差。 遂南次定襄大落城，東踰十嶺山，田於善無川。 八月癸卯，車駕還宮。 癸丑，奚斤等班師。 甲寅，帝臨白登，觀降民，數軍實。 曹龍降，執送張外，斬之。 辛未，賜征還將士牛、馬、奴婢各有差。 置新民於大寧川，給農器，計口受田。 丁丑，幸犲山宮。 癸未，車駕還宮。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the jisi day, the court returned to Mount Bo. The Emperor climbed to the spot where Taizu had carved stone in praise of his own virtue on earlier tours; beside it he built a stone altar and made offerings. He gave a great feast to those who had accompanied him at the foot of the mountain. Xi Jin and others routed the Yueqin Beini west of Mount Bana, seized fifty thousand horses and two hundred thousand head of cattle, and resettled more than twenty thousand households in Daning, granting land by the head. Cao Long and Zhang Datou, Hu chiefs of the west, each at the head of his band, gathered twenty thousand men, entered Puzi, and besieged Zhang Wai at Yanzhi Fort. Terrified, Wai sent cattle and wine, slew a horse to seal the pact, proclaimed Long Great Chanyu, and sent him women and fine horses. On the bingxu day the court left Dashe and toured the tribes to the southwest, rewarding their chiefs with silk according to rank. He then halted south at Dingxiang Daluo City, crossed east over Mount Shiling, and hunted along the Shangwu River. In the eighth month, on the guimao day, the court returned to the palace. On the guichou day Xi Jin and the others led the army home. On the jiayin day the Emperor went to Baideng, reviewed the surrendered populace, and took stock of the army's supplies. Cao Long surrendered; he was bound and sent to Zhang Wai, who put him to death. On the xinwei day he rewarded the returning soldiers with cattle, horses, and slaves according to merit. New settlers were placed along the Daning River, given farm tools, and granted fields by the head. On the dingchou day he went to Mount Shi Palace. On the guiwei day the court returned to the palace.
23
冬十月丁巳，將軍元屈、會稽公劉潔、永安侯魏勤等，擊吐京叛胡，失利，潔被傷，勤死之。 十一月癸酉，大饗于西宮。 姚興遣使朝貢，來請進女，帝許之。
In the tenth month of winter, on the dingsi day, Yuan Qu, Liu Jie Duke of Kuaiji, Wei Qin Marquis of Yong'an, and others struck the rebel Hu at Tujing and were beaten; Jie was wounded and Qin was killed. In the eleventh month, on the guiyou day, a grand feast was held in the Western Palace. Yao Xing sent envoys with tribute and asked to send a princess; the Emperor consented.
24
夏五月辛酉，車駕還宮。 六月，司馬德宗冠軍將軍、太山太守劉研弟，輔國將軍、領東平太守陽平趙鸞，廣威將軍、平昌太守羅卓，斗城屠各帥張文興等，率流民七千餘家內屬。 河西胡酋劉遮、劉退孤率部落等萬餘家，渡河內屬。 戊申，幸犲山宮。 丁亥，車駕還宮。
In the fifth month of summer, on the xinyou day, the court returned to the palace. In the sixth month Liu Yan, younger brother of Sima Dezong's Champion General and Taishan prefect; Zhao Luan of Yangping, Assistant State General and acting Administrator of Dongping; Luo Zhuo, General of Broad Prestige and Administrator of Pingchang; Zhang Wenshing, Tujue chief of Doucheng; and others brought more than seven thousand refugee households in submission. The Hu chiefs Liu Zhe and Liu Tuigu led more than ten thousand households across the river to submit. On the wushen day he went to Mount Shi Palace. On the dinghai day the court returned to the palace.
25
秋八月戊子，詔馬邑侯元陋孫使於姚興。 辛丑，遣謁者悅力延撫慰蠕蠕，于什門招諭馮跋。 詔平南將軍、相州刺史尉古真與司馬德宗太尉劉裕相聞，[5]使博士王諒假平南參軍將命焉。 姚興遣使來聘。
In the eighth month of autumn, on the wuzi day, he ordered Yuan Ousun, Marquis of Mayi, to go on embassy to Yao Xing. On the xinchou day he sent the Attendant Yueli Yan to reassure the Rouran and Yushimen to win Feng Ba over by persuasion. He decreed that Wei Guzhen, General Who Pacifies the South and governor of Xiangzhou, should open relations with Liu Yu, Grand Marshal of Sima Dezong, [5] and that the Academician Wang Liang should go as acting staff officer of the Pacify-the-South command with credentials. Yao Xing again sent envoys on a friendly mission.
26
冬十一月壬午，詔使者巡行諸州，校閱守宰資財，非自家所齎，悉簿為贓。 詔守宰不如法，聽民詣闕告言之。 十二月丙戌朔，蠕蠕犯塞。 丙申，帝北伐蠕蠕。 河內人司馬順宰自號晉王。 太守討捕不獲。
In the eleventh month of winter, on the renwu day, he ordered envoys to tour the provinces, audit the wealth of prefects and magistrates, and book as bribery anything not brought from home. He decreed that where a prefect or magistrate broke the law, the people might travel to the capital and lodge complaint. On the first bingxu day of the twelfth month the Rouran struck the border. On the bingshen day the Emperor marched north against the Rouran. In Henei, Sima Shunzai declared himself King of Jin. The prefect hunted him but could not take him.
27
是歲，禿髮傉檀為乞伏熾磐所滅。
That year Tufa Rutan was overthrown by Qifu Chipan.
28
二年春正月丙辰，車駕至自北伐，賜從征將士布帛各有差。 二月丁亥，大饗于西宮，賜附國大、渠帥朝歲首者繒帛金罽各有差。 司馬德宗琅邪太守劉朗，率二千餘家內屬。 庚子，河西胡劉雲等，率數萬戶內附。 甲辰，立太祖廟於白登之西。 三月，詔曰：「刺史守宰，率多逋慢，前後怠惰，數加督罰，猶不悛改。 今年貲調懸違者，謫出家財充之，不聽徵發於民。」 河西飢胡屯聚上黨，推白亞栗斯為盟主，號大將軍，反於上黨，自號單于，稱建平元年，以司馬順宰為之謀主。
In the second year, on the bingchen day of the first month of spring, the court returned from the northern expedition and rewarded the soldiers with cloth and silk according to rank. On the dinghai day of the second month a grand feast was held in the Western Palace, and the great and lesser chiefs of submitted peoples who had come for the New Year received silk, cloth, gold, and felt according to rank. Liu Lang, Administrator of Langye under Sima Dezong, brought more than two thousand households in submission. On the gengzi day Liu Yun of the Hedong Hu and others led tens of thousands of households in submission. On the jiachen day Taizu's temple was founded west of Baideng. In the third month he decreed, "Prefects and magistrates are for the most part slack; time and again they neglect their duties, and though fined repeatedly they will not mend their ways. Whoever falls short on this year's taxes must make good the deficit from his own estate; nothing may be exacted from the people." Starving Hu from the west gathered in Shangdang, set up Bai Yalis as chief of the covenant, styled him Grand General, rose in rebellion, called themselves Chanyu, dated the era Jianping year 1, and made Sima Shunzai their counselor.
29
夏四月，詔將軍公孫表等五將討之。 河南流民二千餘家內屬。 眾廢栗斯而立劉虎，號率善王。 司馬德宗遣使朝貢。 己卯，車駕北巡。 五月丁亥，次於參合東，幸大寧。 丁未，田于四岬山。 六月戊午，幸去畿陂，觀漁。 辛酉，次于濡源，築立蜯臺。 [6]射白熊於頹牛山，獲之。 丁卯，幸赤城，親見長老，問民疾苦，復租一年。 南次石亭，幸上谷，問百年，訪賢俊，復田租之半。 壬申，幸涿鹿，登橋山，觀溫泉，使使者以太牢祠黃帝廟。 至廣寧，登歷山，祭舜廟。 [7]
In the fourth month of summer he ordered Gongsun Biao and four other generals to campaign against them. More than two thousand refugee households from Henan came in submission. The rebels deposed Yalis and raised Liu Hu, styling him King Who Leads in Goodness. Sima Dezong sent envoys with tribute. On the jimao day the court turned north on tour. On the dinghai day of the fifth month he halted east of Canhe and went to Daning. On the dingwei day he hunted at Mount Siyi. On the wuwu day of the sixth month he went to Quji Marsh to watch the catch. On the xinyou day he halted at Ruyuan and raised the Pang Platform. [6] On Mount Tuiniu he shot a white bear and brought it down. On the dingmao day he went to Chicheng, received the elders in person, asked after the people's hardships, and remitted a year's rent. He halted south at Shiting, visited Shanggu, questioned centenarians, sought out able men, and remitted half the field rent. On the renshen day he came to Zhuolu, climbed Bridge Mountain, viewed the hot springs, and sent an envoy with the great sacrifice to the temple of the Yellow Emperor. At Guangning he climbed Mount Li and offered at the temple of Shun. Editorial note [7].
30
秋七月，還宮，復所過田租之半。 九月， 〈闕〉 有差。 河南流民，前後三千餘家內屬。 京師民飢，聽出山東就食。
In the seventh month of autumn he returned to the palace and remitted half the field rent everywhere he had traveled. In the ninth month, 〈lacuna〉 each in differing amounts. Refugee households of Henan, more than three thousand in all, came in submission before and after. The capital was hungry; the people were allowed to go east of the mountains to find food.
31
冬十月壬子，姚興使散騎常侍、東武侯姚敞，尚書姚泰，送其西平公主來，帝以后禮納之。 辛酉，行幸沮洳城。 癸亥，車駕還宮。 丙寅，詔曰：「古人有言，百姓足則君有餘，未有民富而國貧者也。 頃者以來，頻遇霜旱，年穀不登，百姓飢寒不能自存者甚眾，其出布帛倉穀以賑貧窮。」 十有一月丁亥，幸犲山宮。 庚子，車駕還宮。
In the tenth month of winter, on the renzi day, Yao Xing sent his Palace Attendant Yao Chang, Marquis of Dongwu, and Minister Yao Tai to escort the Western Princess; the Emperor welcomed her with the rites due an empress. On the xinyou day he went to Juru City. On the guihai day the court returned to the palace. On the bingyin day he decreed, "The ancients said that when the people are full, the ruler has surplus; never yet was a rich people paired with a poor state. Lately frost and drought have followed one upon another, the harvest has failed, and countless people cannot keep themselves from hunger and cold. Issue cloth, silk, and grain from the storehouses to succor the poor." In the eleventh month, on the dinghai day, he went to Mount Shi Palace. On the gengzi day the court returned to the palace.
32
泰常元年春正月甲申，行幸犲山宮。 戊子，車駕還宮。 三月己丑，長樂王處文薨。 常山民霍季，自言名載圖讖，持一黑石以為天賜玉印，誑惑聚黨，入山為盜。 州郡捕斬之。
In the first year of Taichang, on the jiashen day of the first month of spring, he went to Mount Shi Palace. On the wuzi day the court returned to the palace. On the jichou day of the third month Chuwenz, Prince of Changle, died. Huo Ji of Changshan claimed his name appeared in the prophecy charts, flourished a black stone as a heaven-sent jade seal, rallied a band by deception, and took to the mountains as robbers. The province and commandery ran them down and beheaded them.
33
夏四月壬子，大赦，改元。 庚申，河間王脩薨。 六月丁巳，車駕北巡。
In the fourth month of summer, on the renzi day, he proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name. On the gengshen day Xiu, Prince of Hejian, died. On the dingsi day of the sixth month the court turned north on tour.
34
秋七月甲申，帝自白鹿陂西行，大獮于牛川，登釜山，臨殷繁水而南，觀于九十九泉。 戊戌，車駕還宮。 九月戊午，前并州刺史叔孫建等大破山胡。 劉虎渡河東走，至陳留，為從人所殺，司馬順宰等皆死。 司馬德宗相劉裕，泝河伐姚泓，遣其部將王仲德為前鋒，從陸道至梁城。 兗州刺史尉建畏懦，棄州北渡，王仲德遂入滑臺。 詔將軍叔孫建等渡河，耀威滑臺，斬尉建於城下。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the jiashen day, the Emperor left Bailu Mound and went west, held a great hunt at Niuchuan, climbed Mount Fu, looked south over the Yin-Fan River, and gazed upon the Ninety-Nine Springs. On the wuxu day the court returned to the palace. On the wuwu day of the ninth month the former governor of Bingzhou Shusun Jian and others routed the Mountain Hu. Liu Hu fled east across the river; at Chenliu his followers killed him, and Sima Shunzai and the rest perished. Liu Yu, chief minister to Sima Dezong, marched up the river against Yao Hong and sent his lieutenant Wang Zhongde ahead by land as vanguard to Liangcheng. Wei Jian, governor of Yanzhou, lost heart, abandoned his post, and fled north across the river; Wang Zhongde then took Huatai. He ordered Shusun Jian and the other generals to cross the river, show force at Huatai, and behead Wei Jian beneath the walls.
35
冬十月壬戌，幸犲山宮。 徒何部落庫傉官斌先降，後復叛歸馮跋。 驍騎將軍延普渡濡水討擊，大破之，斬斌及馮跋幽州刺史、漁陽公庫傉官昌，征北將軍、關內侯庫傉官提等首，生擒庫傉官女生，縛送京師。 幽州平。 十一月甲戌，車駕還宮，築蓬臺於北苑。 十二月，南陽王良薨。
In the tenth month of winter, on the renxu day, he went to Mount Shi Palace. Kuru Guan Bin of the Tujue tribe had first surrendered, then rebelled again and went over to Feng Ba. Yan Pu, General of Valiant Cavalry, crossed the Ru River in pursuit, broke them utterly, and took the heads of Bin, Kuru Guan Chang—Feng Ba's governor of Youzhou and Duke of Yuyang—Kuru Guan Ti, Campaign-North General and Marquis Within the Passes, and others; Kuru Guan Nüsheng was captured alive, bound, and sent to the capital. Youzhou was pacified. On the jiaxu day of the eleventh month the court returned to the palace and built the Peng Terrace in the northern park. In the twelfth month Liang, Prince of Nanyang, died.
36
是歲，姚興卒，子泓立。
That year Yao Xing died and his son Hong succeeded him.
37
二年春二月丙午，詔曰：「九州之民，隔遠京邑，時有壅滯，守宰至不以聞。 今東作方興，或有貧窮失農務者。 其遣使者巡行天下，省諸州，觀民風俗，問民疾苦，察守宰治行。 諸有不能自申，皆因以聞。」 辛酉，司馬德宗滎陽守將傅洪，遣使詣叔孫建，請以虎牢降，求軍赴接； 德宗譙王司馬文思遣使王良詣闕上書，請軍討劉裕。 詔司徒長孫嵩率諸軍邀擊劉裕，戰於畔城，更有負捷。 帝詔止諸軍，不克。
In the second year, on the bingwu day of the second month of spring, he decreed, "The people of the Nine Provinces lie far from the capital; petitions are often held up, and prefects and magistrates fail to report them. Spring plowing is at hand, and some among the poor may have missed the season. Send envoys to tour the realm, visit every province, observe local custom, ask after the people's hardships, and review how prefects and magistrates govern. Whatever grievance cannot be brought forward on its own, report it to us." On the xinyou day Fu Hong, garrison commander of Xingyang under Sima Dezong, sent an envoy to Shusun Jian offering to surrender Hulao and begging for troops to receive him; Sima Wensi, Prince of Qiao under Sima Dezong, sent Wang Liang to court with a memorial asking for an army to campaign against Liu Yu. He ordered Changsun Song, Minister of Works, to lead the armies against Liu Yu; at Pancheng they fought, and victory shifted back and forth. The Emperor recalled the armies; they could not win.
38
夏四月丁未，榆山丁零翟蜀率營部遣使通劉裕。 馮跋使人王特兒等通於司馬德宗，章武太守捕特兒等，囚送京師。 丁巳，幸高柳。 壬戌，車駕還宮。 五月，汝南民胡譁等萬餘家相率內屬。 乙未，司馬德宗齊郡太守王懿來降。 車駕西巡，至于雲中，遂濟河，田于大漠。
In the fourth month of summer, on the dingwei day, Zhai Shu of the Yushan Dingling led his camp and sent envoys to Liu Yu. Feng Ba sent Wang Te'er and others to Sima Dezong; the prefect of Zhangwu seized them, bound them, and sent them to court. On the dingsi day he went to Gaoliu. On the renxu day the court returned to the palace. In the fifth month more than ten thousand households of the Hu of Runan, under Hu Hua and others, came in submission together. On the yiwei day Wang Yi, Administrator of Qi under Sima Dezong, surrendered. The court toured west to Yunzhong, crossed the river, and hunted in the great desert.
39
秋七月，作白臺於城南，高二十丈。 司馬順之入常山，流言惑眾，稱受天帝命，年二十五應為人君，遂聚黨於封龍山。 趙郡大盜趙德執送京師，斬之。 八月，劉裕滅姚泓。 九月癸酉，司馬德宗平西將軍、荊州刺史司馬休之，息譙王文思，章武王子司馬國璠、司馬道賜，輔國將軍溫楷，竟陵內史魯軌，荊州治中韓延之、殷約，平西參軍桓謐、桓璲及桓溫孫道子，勃海刁雍，陳郡袁式等數百人來降。 姚泓匈奴鎮將姚成都與弟和都舉鎮來降。
In the seventh month of autumn the White Terrace was raised south of the city, twenty zhang high. Sima Shunzhi entered Changshan, spread sedition, claimed a mandate from the Heavenly Emperor that at twenty-five he should rule, and rallied a band on Mount Fenglong. Zhao De, a great outlaw of Zhao commandery, seized him, sent him to the capital, and he was beheaded. In the eighth month Liu Yu overthrew Yao Hong. On the guiyou day of the ninth month Sima Xiuzhi, General Who Pacifies the West and governor of Jingzhou under Sima Dezong; his son Sima Wensi, Prince of Qiao; Sima Guofan and Sima Daosi, sons of the Prince of Zhangwu; Wen Kai, Assistant State General; Lu Gui, administrator of Jingling; Han Yanzhi and Yin Yue, staff officers of Jingzhou; Huan Mi and Huan Lin, staff officers of Pacify-the-West, and Huan Wen's grandson Daozi; Di Yong of Bohai; Yuan Shi of Chen commandery; and several hundred others surrendered. Yao Chengdu, Xiongnu garrison commander of Yao Hong, and his brother Hedou brought their garrison in submission.
40
是年，李暠卒，子歆立，遣使朝貢。
That year Li Gao died; his son Xin succeeded him and sent envoys with tribute.
41
三年春正月丁酉朔，帝自長川詔護高車中郎將薛繁率高車丁零十二部大人眾北略，至弱水，[8]降者二千餘人，獲牛馬二萬餘頭。 河東胡、蜀五千餘家相率內屬。 三月，司馬德宗遣使來貢。 庚戌，幸西宮。 以范陽去年水，復其租稅。
In the third year, on the first dingyou day of the first month of spring, the Emperor at Changchuan ordered Xue Fancheng, Protector of the Gaoche Central Commandant, to lead the twelve division chiefs of the Gaoche Dingling north to the Weak Water; [8] more than two thousand submitted, and more than twenty thousand head of cattle and horses were taken. More than five thousand households of the Hu and Shu of Hedong came in submission together. In the third month Sima Dezong sent envoys with tribute. On the gengxu day he went to the Western Palace. Because Fan-yang had suffered flood the year before, its rents and taxes were remitted.
42
夏四月己巳，徙冀、定、幽三州徒何於京師。 五月丙午，詔叔孫建鎮廣阿。 壬子，車駕東巡，至于濡源及甘松。 遣征東將軍長孫道生、給事黃門侍郎奚觀率精騎二萬襲馮跋，又命驍騎將軍延普自幽州北趨遼西為聲勢，帝自突門嶺待之。 道生至龍城，徙其民萬餘家而還。 六月乙酉，車駕西返。
On the jisi day of the fourth month of summer the Tujue of Ji, Ding, and You provinces were resettled at the capital. On the bingwu day of the fifth month he ordered Shusun Jian to garrison Guang'a. On the renzi day the court toured east to Ruyuan and Gansong. He sent Changsun Daosheng, Campaign-East General, and Xi Guan, Palace Attendant, with twenty thousand elite horse to strike Feng Ba, and ordered Yan Pu, General of Valiant Cavalry, to press north from Youzhou toward Liaoxi as a feint while the Emperor waited at Tumeng Ridge. Daosheng reached Longcheng, relocated more than ten thousand households, and withdrew. On the yiyou day of the sixth month the court turned west.
43
秋七月戊午，至於京師。 八月，雁門、河內大雨水，復其租稅。 九月甲寅，詔諸州調民租，戶五十石，積於定、相、冀三州。
On the wuwu day of the seventh month of autumn he reached the capital. In the eighth month Yanmen and Henei were struck by great rain and flood, and their rents and taxes were remitted. On the jiayin day of the ninth month he ordered the provinces to levy fifty shi of grain per household and store it in Ding, Xiang, and Ji.
44
冬十月戊辰，築宮於西苑。
In the tenth month of winter, on the wuchen day, a palace was built in the western park.
45
是歲，司馬德宗卒，弟德文僭位。 赫連屈丐僭稱皇帝。
That year Sima Dezong died and his younger brother Dewen seized the throne. Helian Qu'ai presumptuously declared himself emperor.
46
四年正月壬辰朔，車駕臨河，大蒐于犢渚。 癸卯，車駕還宮。 三月癸丑，築宮於蓬臺北。 司馬德文寧朔將軍、平陽太守、匈奴護軍薛辯及司馬楚之、司馬順明、司馬道恭，並遣使請降。
In the fourth year, on the first renchen day of the first month, the court came to the river and held a great hunt at Duzhu. On the guimao day the court returned to the palace. On the guichou day of the third month a palace was built north of the Peng Terrace. Xue Bian, General Who Pacifies the North, Administrator of Pingyang, and Protector of the Xiongnu under Sima Dewen, with Sima Chuzhi, Sima Shunming, and Sima Daogong, each sent envoys offering surrender.
47
夏四月庚辰，車駕有事於東廟，遠藩助祭者數百國。 辛巳，南巡，幸雁門。 賜所過無出今年租賦。 五月庚寅朔，觀漁于灅水。 己亥，車駕還宮。 復所過一年租賦。 六月，司馬德文建威將軍、河西太守、馮翊羌酋党道子遣使內屬。
On the gengchen day of the fourth month of summer the Emperor sacrificed at the Eastern Temple, with several hundred submitted states assisting at the rites. On the xinsi day he turned south and went to Yanmen. Everywhere he passed he remitted that year's rent and levies. On the first gengyin day of the fifth month he watched the fishing at the Juan River. On the jihai day the court returned to the palace. He remitted a year's rent and levies everywhere he had traveled. In the sixth month Dang Daozi, General Who Establishes Might, Administrator of Hexi, and Qiang chief of Fengyi under Sima Dewen, sent envoys in submission.
48
秋八月辛未，東巡。 遣使祭恒岳。 甲申，車駕還宮。 所過復一年田租。 九月，築宮於白登山。
On the xinwei day of the eighth month of autumn he toured east. He sent envoys to sacrifice at Mount Heng. On the jiashen day the court returned to the palace. He remitted a year's field rent everywhere he had passed. In the ninth month a palace was built on Mount Baideng.
49
冬十有二月癸亥，西巡，至雲中，踰白道，北獵野馬於辱孤山。 至于黃河，從君子津西渡，大狩於薛林山。
In the twelfth month of winter, on the guihai day, he toured west to Yunzhong, crossed the White Road, and hunted wild horses north at Mount Rugu. At the Yellow River he crossed west from Junzi Ford and held a great hunt at Mount Xuelin.
50
五年春正月丙戌朔，自薛林東還，至于屋竇城，饗勞將士，大酺二日，班禽獸以賜之。 己亥，車駕還宮。 三月丙戌，南陽王意文薨。
In the fifth year, on the first bingxu day of the first month of spring, he returned east from Xuelin to Wudou City, feasted and rewarded the troops, held a great feast for two days, and distributed game in gift. On the jihai day the court returned to the palace. On the bingxu day of the third month Yiwen, Prince of Nanyang, died.
51
夏四月，河西屠各帥黃大虎、羌酋不蒙娥等遣使內附。 丙寅，起灅南宮。 五月乙酉，詔曰：「宣武皇帝體道得一，天縱自然，大行大名未盡盛美，[9]非所以光揚洪烈，垂之無窮也。 今因啟緯圖，始覩尊號，天人之意，煥然著明。 其改『宣』曰『道』，更上尊諡曰道武皇帝，以彰靈命之先啟，聖德之玄同。 告祀郊廟，宣于八表。」 庚戌，淮南侯司馬國璠、池陽侯司馬道賜等謀反伏誅。
In the fourth month of summer Huang Dahu, Tujue chief of Hexi, the Qiang chief Bumeng'e, and others sent envoys in submission. On the bingyin day work began on the Juan South Palace. On the yiyou day of the fifth month he decreed, "Emperor Xuanwu embodied the Way and held unity; Heaven's gift was his by nature. Yet the great deed and great name have not fully shown his supreme excellence, [9] and are not enough to glorify his vast achievement for all time. Now, as the prophecy charts open, the honored title stands plain and the will of Heaven and man shines clear. Change 'Xuan' to 'Dao' and raise the posthumous title to Emperor Daowu, to show how the numinous mandate opened first and sage virtue joins Heaven in mystery. Proclaim it at the suburban sacrifices and announce it to the eight directions." On the gengxu day Sima Guofan, Marquis of Huainan, Sima Daosi, Marquis of Chiyang, and others plotted rebellion and were executed on the spot.
52
六月丙寅，行幸翳犢山。 秋七月丁酉，西至于五原。 丁未，幸雲中大室，賜從者大酺。 八月癸亥，車駕還宮。 閏月甲午，陰平王烈薨。
On the bingyin day of the sixth month he went to Mount Yidu. On the dingyou day of the seventh month of autumn he went west to Wuyuan. On the dingwei day he came to Yunzhong Dashe and gave a great feast to those who had accompanied him. On the guihai day of the eighth month the court returned to the palace. On the jiawu day of the intercalary month Lie, Prince of Yinping, died.
53
冬十有一月，詔驍騎將軍延普城乾城。 十有二月丁亥，杏城羌酋狄溫子率三千餘家內附。
In the eleventh month of winter he ordered Yan Pu, General of Valiant Cavalry, to fortify Qiancheng. On the dinghai day of the twelfth month Di Wenzi, Qiang chief of Xingcheng, brought more than three thousand households in submission.
54
是歲，劉裕廢殺其主司馬德文，僭自稱皇帝，號宋。 李歆為沮渠蒙遜所滅，歆弟恂自立於敦煌。
That year Liu Yu deposed and killed his lord Sima Dewen, seized the throne, and styled his dynasty Song. Li Xin fell to Juqu Mengxun; his younger brother Xun set himself up at Dunhuang.
55
六年春正月辛未，行幸公陽。 二月，調民二十戶輸戎馬一匹、大牛一頭。 三月甲子，陽平王熙薨。 乙亥，制六部民，羊滿百口輸戎馬一匹。 發京師六千人築苑，起自舊苑，東包白登，周回三十餘里。
In the sixth year, on the xinwei day of the first month of spring, he went to Gongyang. In the second month he levied one war horse and one great ox for every twenty households. On the jiazi day of the third month Xi, Prince of Yangping, died. On the yihai day he ordered that among the six divisions, every hundred sheep owed one war horse. Six thousand men of the capital were set to build a park from the old grounds, wrapping east around Baideng for more than thirty li.
56
夏六月乙酉，北巡，至蟠羊山。
On the yiyou day of the sixth month of summer he toured north to Mount Panyang.
57
秋七月，西巡，獵于柞山，親射虎，獲之，遂至于河。 八月庚子，大獮于犢渚。 九月庚戌，車駕還宮。 壬申，劉裕遣使朝貢。
In the seventh month of autumn he toured west, hunted at Mount Zha, shot a tiger himself, and came to the river. On the gengzi day of the eighth month he held a great hunt at Duzhu. On the gengxu day of the ninth month the court returned to the palace. On the renshen day Liu Yu sent envoys with tribute.
58
冬十月己亥，行幸代。 十有二月丙申，西巡狩，至于雲中。
On the jihai day of the tenth month of winter he went to Dai. On the bingshen day of the twelfth month he hunted west to Yunzhong.
59
是歲，沮渠蒙遜滅李恂。
That year Juqu Mengxun overthrew Li Xun.
60
七年春正月甲辰朔，自雲中西行，幸屋竇城，賜從者大酺三日、蕃渠帥繒帛各有差。 二月丙戌，車駕還宮，賜從者布帛各有差，大饗于西宮。 三月乙丑，河南王曜薨。
In the seventh year, on the first jiachen day of the first month of spring, he left Yunzhong and went west to Wudou City, feasted his followers for three days, and gave the tribal chiefs silk according to rank. On the bingxu day of the second month the court returned to the palace, rewarded the followers with cloth and silk according to rank, and held a grand feast in the Western Palace. On the yichou day of the third month Yao, Prince of Henan, died.
61
夏四月甲戌，封皇子燾為泰平王，燾，字佛釐，拜相國，加大將軍； 丕為樂平王，加車騎大將軍； 彌為安定王，加衞大將軍； 範為樂安王，加中軍大將軍； 健為永昌王，加撫軍大將軍； 崇為建寧王，加輔國大將軍； 俊為新興王，加鎮軍大將軍； 獻懷長公主子嵇敬，封長樂王，拜大司馬、大將軍。 初，帝素服寒食散，頻年動發，不堪萬機，五月，詔皇太子臨朝聽政。 是月，泰平王攝政。 劉裕卒，子義符僭立。
On the jiaxu day of the fourth month of summer he enfeoffed his son Tao as Prince of Taiping—Tao, styled Foli—appointed him Chancellor of State, and gave him the additional rank of Grand General; Pi as Prince of Leping, with the additional rank of General of Chariots and Cavalry; Mi as Prince of Anding, with the additional rank of General of the Guard; Fan as Prince of Le'an, with the additional rank of General of the Central Army; Jian as Prince of Yongchang, with the additional rank of General Who Pacifies the Army; Chong as Prince of Jianning, with the additional rank of General Who Assists the State; Jun as Prince of Xinxing, with the additional rank of General Who Garrisons the Army; and Ji Jing, son of the Princess of Xianhuai, was made Prince of Changle and appointed Grand Marshal and Grand General. Long before, the Emperor had taken the Cold-Food Powder and worn plain dress; fits returned year after year until he could no longer bear the weight of rule. In the fifth month he ordered the Crown Prince to preside at court and hear government. That month the Prince of Taiping held the regency. Liu Yu died; his son Yifu seized the throne.
62
秋九月，詔假司空奚斤節，都督前鋒諸軍事，為晉兵大將軍、行揚州刺史，交阯侯周幾為宋兵將軍、交州刺史，安固子公孫表為吳兵將軍、廣州刺史，前鋒伐劉義符。 乙巳，幸灅南宮，遂如廣寧。 己酉，詔泰平王率百國以法駕田于東苑，車乘服物皆以乘輿之副。 辛亥，築平城外郭，周回三十二里。 辛酉，幸橋山，遣使者祠黃帝、唐堯廟。 因東幸幽州，見耆年，問其所苦，賜爵號。 分遣使者循行州郡，觀察風俗。
In the ninth month of autumn he granted Xi Jin, Acting Minister of Works, credentials as Commander-in-Chief of the Vanguard, Grand General of Jin Troops and acting governor of Yangzhou; Zhou Ji, Marquis of Jiaozhi, as General of Song Troops and governor of Jiao; and Gongsun Biao, Anguozi, as General of Wu Troops and governor of Guang—to lead the vanguard against Liu Yifu. On the yisi day he went to Juan South Palace and then on to Guangning. On the jiyou day he ordered the Prince of Taiping to lead the hundred states in a hunt by imperial rite in the Eastern Park, with chariots, mounts, and regalia all drawn from the imperial spare equipage. On the xinhai day the outer wall of Pingcheng was built, thirty-two li around. On the xinyou day he went to Bridge Mountain and sent envoys with the great sacrifice to the temples of the Yellow Emperor and Tang Yao. Then he toured east to Youzhou, received the aged, asked their hardships, and granted noble titles. He sent envoys to tour the provinces and observe local custom.
63
冬十月甲戌，車駕還宮，復所過田租之半。 奚斤伐滑臺不克，帝怒，議親南討，為其聲援。 壬辰，車駕南巡，出自天門關，踰恒嶺。 四方蕃附大人各率所部從者五萬餘人。 十有一月，泰平王親統六軍出鎮塞上，安定王彌與北新公安同居守。 丙午，曲赦司州殊死已下。 劉義符東郡太守王景度棄滑臺走。 詔成皐侯元苟兒為兗州刺史，鎮滑臺。 十有二月，遣壽光侯叔孫建等率眾自平原東渡，徇下青、兗諸郡。 劉義符兗州刺史徐琰聞渡河，棄守走，叔孫建遂東入青州。 司馬愛之、秀之先聚黨濟東，皆率眾來降。
In the tenth month of winter, on the jiaxu day, the court returned to the palace and remitted half the field rent along the route. Xi Jin besieged Huatai without success; the Emperor was angry and considered marching south himself to support the attack. On the renchen day the court turned south, left by Tianmen Pass, and crossed Mount Heng. Great men of the submitted peoples from the four directions each led their bands, more than fifty thousand followers in all. In the eleventh month the Prince of Taiping took personal command of the six armies and marched to hold the border; the Prince of Anding Mi and An Tong, Duke of Beixin, stayed behind to guard the capital. On the bingwu day he granted a partial amnesty in Bing province for all crimes short of capital offense. Wang Jingdu, Administrator of Dongjun under Liu Yifu, abandoned Huatai and fled. He appointed Yuan Gou'er, Marquis of Chenggao, governor of Yanzhou to garrison Huatai. In the twelfth month Shusun Jian, Marquis of Shouguang, and others led their forces east from Pingyuan across the river and overran the commanderies of Qing and Yan. When Xu Yan, governor of Yanzhou under Liu Yifu, heard they had crossed the river, he abandoned his post and fled; Shusun Jian then entered Qing province. Sima Aizhi and Sima Xiuzhi had earlier raised bands east of the Ji; both now brought their followers in surrender.
64
八年正月丙辰，行幸鄴，存恤民俗。 司空奚斤既平兗豫，還圍虎牢，劉義符守將毛德祖距守不下。 河東蜀薛定、薛輔率五千餘家內屬。 蠕蠕犯塞。 二月戊辰，築長城於長川之南，起自赤城，西至五原，延袤二千餘里，備置戍衞。 三月乙巳，帝田於鄴南韓陵山，幸汲郡，至于枋頭。 乙卯，濟自靈昌津，幸陳留、東郡。 乙丑，濟河而北，西之河內，造浮橋於冶坂津。
In the eighth year, on the bingchen day of the first month of spring, he went to Ye and comforted the people. Xi Jin, Minister of Works, had pacified Yan and Yu and returned to besiege Hulao, but Mao Dezu, Liu Yifu's garrison commander, held firm and would not yield. Xue Ding and Xue Fu of the Shu of Hedong brought more than five thousand households in submission. The Rouran struck the border. On the wuchen day of the second month the Long Wall was built south of the Changchuan from Chicheng west to Wuyuan, more than two thousand li long, with garrisons posted along its length. On the yisi day of the third month he hunted south of Ye at Mount Hanling, visited Ji commandery, and came to Fangtou. On the yimao day he crossed at Lingchang Ford and visited Chenliu and Dongjun. On the yichou day he crossed north of the river, went west to Henei, and built a pontoon bridge at Yebai Ford.
65
秋七月，幸三會屋侯泉，詔皇太子率百官以從。 八月，幸馬邑，觀于灅源。 九月乙亥，車駕還宮。 詔司空奚斤還京師，昌平侯娥清、交阯侯周幾等鎮枋頭。 劉義符潁川太守李元德竊入許昌，詔周幾擊之，元德遁走。 幾平許昌，還軍枋頭。
In the seventh month of autumn he went to Sanhui Wuhou Spring and ordered the Crown Prince to lead the hundred officials in attendance. In the eighth month he went to Mayi and viewed the Juan source. On the yihai day of the ninth month the court returned to the palace. He recalled Xi Jin, Minister of Works, to the capital and left E Qing, Marquis of Changping, and Zhou Ji, Marquis of Jiaozhi, to garrison Fangtou. Li Yuande, Administrator of Yingchuan under Liu Yifu, stole into Xuchang; Zhou Ji was ordered to attack him and Yuande fled. Ji took Xuchang and returned to Fangtou.
66
冬十月癸卯，廣西宮，起外垣牆，周回二十里。 [12]十有一月己巳，帝崩於西宮，時年三十二。 遺詔以司空奚斤所獲軍實賜大臣，自司徒長孫嵩已下至士卒各有差。 十有二月庚子，上諡曰明元皇帝，葬于雲中金陵，廟稱太宗。
On the guimao day of the tenth month of winter the Western Palace was enlarged and its outer wall extended twenty li around. [12] On the jisi day of the eleventh month the Emperor died in the Western Palace. He was thirty-two. His final edict distributed the booty taken by Xi Jin, Minister of Works, among the great ministers; from Changsun Song, Minister of Works, down to the common soldiers, each received a share according to rank. On the gengzi day of the twelfth month he was given the posthumous title Emperor Mingyuan, buried at Jinling in Yunzhong, and his temple name was Taizong.
67
帝禮愛儒生，好覽史傳，以劉向所撰新序、說苑於經典正義多有所闕，乃撰新集三十篇，採諸經史，該洽古義，兼資文武焉。
The Emperor honored Confucian scholars, loved histories, and finding Liu Xiang's New Prefaces and Garden of Stories often deficient where canonical meaning was concerned, compiled a New Collection in thirty chapters drawn from the classics and histories, comprehensive in ancient learning and embracing both civil and martial themes.
68
史臣曰：太祖英雄，北驅朔漠，末年內多釁隙。 明元抱純孝之心，逢梟鏡之禍，權以濟事，危而獲安，隆基固本，內和外輯。 以德見宗，良無愧也。
The historiographer writes: Taizu was a hero who drove the northern wastes before him; in his last years the realm was riven within. Mingyuan held pure filial devotion, met the calamity of parricide, used expedience to carry affairs through, found safety in peril, strengthened the throne and its foundations, and brought inner and outer into harmony. Honored for his virtue, he had nothing to be ashamed of.
69
校勘記
Collation notes
70
魏書卷三諸本目錄此卷注「闕」，卷末舊有宋人校語 〈殿本刪節入考證〉 云：「魏收書太宗紀亡，史館舊本帝紀第三卷上有白簽云：『此卷是魏澹史。』 案隋書魏澹傳，澹之義例多與魏收不同，其一曰諱皇帝名，書太子字； 四曰諸國君皆書曰卒。 今此卷書封皇子燾為泰平王，燾字佛釐； 姚興、李暠、司馬德宗、劉裕皆書卒。 故疑為澹史。 又案北史、高氏小史、修文殿御覽皇王部皆抄略魏收書，其間事及日有此紀所不載者； 北史本紀逐卷後論，全用魏收史臣語而微加增損，惟論明元，即與此紀史臣語全不同。 故知非魏收史明矣。 崇文總目有魏澹書一卷，今亦亡矣。 豈此篇乎？ 『泰常七年四月，封皇子燾為泰平王； 五月，詔皇太子臨朝聽政，是月泰平王攝政』，重複不成文。 其年九月、十月再書泰平王，明年五月、七月再書皇太子，前後乖戾。 今據此紀，無立泰平王為皇太子事。 世祖紀云：四月封泰平王，五月為監國，亦不言曾立為皇太子。 此紀初詔聽政，便云皇太子，後更稱泰平王。 惟北史泰常七年五月立泰平王燾為皇太子，臨朝聽政。 小史、御覽亦無立皇太子事，而自臨朝聽政後，悉稱皇太子。 彼蓋出魏收史，故與此不同。 隋書稱魏澹書甚簡要，不應如此重複乖戾。 疑此卷雖存，亦殘缺脫誤。」 今按宋人考證此紀非魏收書原文，並認為可能是殘存的魏澹魏書。 今以沿自修文殿御覽的太平御覽卷一０二和北史卷一魏紀中明元紀與此卷對校，也可證宋人判斷是對的。 宋初魏收書此紀已缺，故景德二年 〈一００五〉 編冊府元龜時有關諸條，都和今補本此紀相同。 但也有個別字句不見今補本，不知是刻本脫文，還是校刊時 〈嘉祐六年 (一０六一) 後〉 所據本又有殘缺。
Various editions of the table of contents for Wei Shu juan 3 mark this chapter as lacunary; at the end of the chapter there was an old Song-dynasty collation note 〈Palace edition abridgment moved into textual notes〉 saying, "Wei Shou's Annals of Taizong is lost; on the old History Office copy of Basic Annals juan 3 there was a white slip reading, 'This juan is Wei Dan's history. According to the biography of Wei Dan in the Book of Sui, Dan's principles differed in many points from Wei Shou's; one reads: taboo the emperor's name and write the crown prince's style name; fourth: for all feudal rulers write that they 'died.' Now this juan records enfeoffing the imperial son Tao as Prince of Taiping, Tao styled Foli; Yao Xing, Li Gao, Sima Dezong, and Liu Yu are all written as having 'died.' Therefore it is suspected to be Dan's history. Again, the Northern History, Gao clan Minor History, and Imperial Readings of the Xiūwén Hall, Royal Lineage section all excerpt Wei Shou in brief; among their events and dates are matters this annals does not record; the Northern History places a discussion after each basic annals juan, wholly using Wei Shou's historiographer language with slight changes, but the discussion of Mingyuan is entirely unlike this annals' historiographer passage. Therefore it is known for certain that this is not Wei Shou's original text. The Comprehensive Catalogue lists Wei Dan's book in one juan; it too is now lost. Could this be that piece? 'In Taichang seventh year, fourth month, enfeoffed the imperial son Tao as Prince of Taiping; fifth month, edict that the crown prince preside at court and hear government; that month the Prince of Taiping held regency'—repetition that does not form coherent text. That year the ninth and tenth months again record the Prince of Taiping; the next year the fifth and seventh months again record the crown prince—contradictions before and after. According to this annals, there is no establishing the Prince of Taiping as crown prince. The Annals of Shizu says: fourth month enfeoffed the Prince of Taiping, fifth month made him overseer of the state—also without saying he was ever established as crown prince. This annals at first edicts hearing government and at once says crown prince; later it again calls him Prince of Taiping. Only the Northern History, Taichang seventh year, fifth month, establishes Tao, Prince of Taiping, as crown prince to preside at court and hear government. The Minor History and Imperial Readings also have no establishing crown prince, but after presiding at court and hearing government they all call him crown prince. Those probably derive from Wei Shou's history; therefore they differ from this. The Book of Sui says Wei Dan's book was very concise; it should not be so repetitious and contradictory. It is suspected that though this juan survives, it is also defective, lacunary, and erroneous." Now according to the Song-dynasty textual note, this annals is not Wei Shou's original text and is thought to be a surviving portion of Wei Dan's Book of Wei. Collating this juan against Taiping Imperial Readings juan 102, derived from the Imperial Readings of the Xiūwén Hall, and Northern History juan 1, Wei Annals, Annals of Mingyuan, also confirms the Song judgment. In early Song Wei Shou's book already lacked this annals; therefore in Jingde year 2 〈1005〉 when compiling the Prime Tortoise, related entries all match this supplemented annals. But there are also individual words and phrases not seen in the present supplemented text; it is unknown whether they are omissions of the printed edition or of the edition used at collation 〈Jiayou year 6 (1061) later〉 the base text also had lacunae.
71
壬申即皇帝位北史卷一魏紀一「壬申」作「壬午」。 按是年十月丙辰朔，壬申是十七日，壬午是二十七日。 拓跋珪被殺在本月戊辰即十三日，拓跋嗣先已逃避在外，據卷一六清河王紹傳、卷三四王洛兒傳，自拓跋嗣聞變還來到繼位，中間有一段事情，決非二三天能辦，疑作「壬午」是。
On renshen he ascended the imperial throne: Northern History juan 1, Wei Annals 1, reads "renwu" for "renshen." That year the tenth month had first day bingchen; renshen was the seventeenth day, renwu the twenty-seventh. Tuoba Gui was killed on wuchen the thirteenth of that month; Tuoba Si had already fled abroad; according to the biographies of Prince of Qinghe Shao in juan 16 and Wang Luo'er in juan 34, from Tuoba Si hearing of the change to returning and succeeding—between lay affairs that could not be settled in two or three days; "renwu" is probably correct.
72
冬十二月甲戌冊府卷一二四 〈一四八二頁〉 載 「(永興) 三年十一月丁未，大閱於東郊」。 不見今本。 冊府所採拓跋嗣事，即出此紀，非別有所本，知傳本脫去。 冊府同卷又載 「(永興) 四年閏六月丙辰，大閱於東郊」。 也不見今本。 按卷二九奚斤傳稱「太宗大閱於東郊，治兵講武，而斤行左丞相，大蒐於石會山」。 所云「斤行左丞相，大蒐於石會山」，均見本年七月，則在先本有大閱東郊事，傳本脫去。
Winter, twelfth month, jiaxu: Cefu juan 124 〈p. 1482〉 records "(Yongxing) third year, eleventh month, day dingwei, great review at the eastern suburb." Not seen in the present text. The Tuoba Si matters Cefu excerpts all come from this annals, not from another source; therefore the transmitted text has lost them. Cefu in the same juan again records "(Yongxing) year 4, intercalary sixth month, day bingchen, great review at the eastern suburb." Also not seen in the present text. According to Xi Jin's biography in juan 29: "Taizong conducted a great review at the eastern suburb, drilled troops and martial arts, and Jin served as acting Left Chancellor, conducting a great hunt at Mount Shihui." "Jin served as acting Left Chancellor, great hunt at Mount Shihui" all appear in the seventh month of this year; therefore originally there was a great review at the eastern suburb, which the transmitted text has lost.
73
詔平南將軍相州刺史尉古真與司馬德宗太尉劉裕相聞張森楷魏書校勘記 〈下簡稱張森楷〉 云：「『古』當作『太』，太真是古真弟，見尉古真傳 〈卷二六〉。 古真未嘗為平南、相州。」
Edict that General Who Pacifies the South and Governor of Xiangzhou Wei Guzhen communicate with Liu Yu, Grand Marshal of Sima Dezong — Zhang Senkai's collation notes on the Book of Wei 〈hereafter abbreviated Zhang Senkai〉 says, "'Gu' should read 'Tai'; Taizhen was Guzhen's younger brother; see the biography of Wei Guzhen 〈juan 26〉 Guzhen never served as Pacify-the-South or governor of Xiang."
74
築立蜯臺北史卷一無「築」字。 按御覽卷一０二 〈四八六頁〉 引後魏書亦無「築」字，此紀為後人所補，「築」字疑衍。
Built the Pang Platform: Northern History juan 1 lacks the character "build." According to Imperial Readings juan 102 〈p. 486〉 quoting the Later Book of Wei also lacks "build"; this annals was supplemented by a later hand; "build" is suspected to be a spurious addition.
75
使使者以太牢祠黃帝廟 〈至〉 祭舜廟北史卷一此條作「使以太牢祠黃帝、唐堯廟； 癸酉，幸廣寧，事如上谷； 己卯，登廣寧之歷山，以太牢祠舜廟，帝親加禮焉」。 御覽卷一０二 〈四八六頁〉 引後魏書此條但不記日支，餘與北史同。 北史錄魏書，記事和月日多刪削，御覽刪節更多，而這裏却有增益，即因北史、御覽都源自魏收書，而此紀却非收書。
Sent an envoy with the great offering to sacrifice at the Yellow Emperor's temple 〈to〉 sacrifice at Shun's temple: Northern History juan 1 for this entry reads "sent with the great offering to sacrifice at the temples of the Yellow Emperor and Tang Yao; on guiyou he visited Guangning, conducting affairs as at Shanggu; on jimao he ascended Mount Li of Guangning, sacrificed at Shun's temple with the great offering, and the Emperor personally added ritual." Imperial Readings juan 102 〈p. 486〉 quotes the Later Book of Wei for this entry but does not record the day stem-branch; the remainder matches the Northern History. The Northern History excerpts the Book of Wei and often deletes events and dates; the Imperial Readings abridges even more, yet here there is augmentation—because both derive from Wei Shou's book, while this annals is not Shou's.
76
帝自長川詔護高車中郎將薛繁率高車丁零十二部大人眾北略至弱水御覽 〈同上卷頁〉 「眾」下有「二萬」兩字，「弱水」下有「招懷伐叛」四字。 按御覽所引出於魏收書，但「二萬」二字不宜省。
The Emperor from Changchuan ordered Xue Fancheng, Protector of the Gaoche Central Commandant, to lead the twelve division chiefs of the Gaoche Dingling north to the Weak Water — Imperial Readings 〈same juan, same page〉 Below "masses" are the two characters "twenty thousand"; below "Weak Water" are the four characters "summon and comfort, campaign against rebels." The Imperial Readings excerpt from Wei Shou's book shows the two characters "twenty thousand" should not be omitted.
77
體道得一天縱自然大行大名未盡盛美諸本無「盛」字。 按御覽 〈同上卷頁〉 錄此詔前二句文字不同，下又增出二句，北史卷一無增出句，但前二句同御覽，知出魏收書。 此種字句異同，乃魏澹書刪改舊文，唯御覽、北史「美」上有「盛」字，冊府卷二九 〈三一六頁〉 載此詔，和今本同，却也有「盛」字，知是脫文，今據補。
Embodied the Way and attained unity; Heaven's endowment was natural; great conduct and great name had not fully expressed supreme excellence — all editions lack the character "supreme." According to Imperial Readings 〈same juan, same page〉 records the first two sentences of this edict with different wording and below adds two more; Northern History juan 1 has no added sentences, but the first two match the Imperial Readings—therefore they come from Wei Shou's book. Such wording differences are Wei Dan revising the old text; only the Imperial Readings and Northern History have "supreme" above "excellence"; Cefu juan 29 〈p. 316〉 records this edict matching the present text and also has "supreme"; therefore it is a lacuna and is now supplied accordingly.
78
五月丙寅還次雁門百衲本「丙寅」作「庚寅」，南本以下各本及北史卷一都作「丙寅」。 按通鑑 〈同上卷頁〉 「魏主還平城」條考異云：「後魏帝紀：『五月庚寅，還次雁門』，『庚寅，車駕至自南巡』，必有一誤。」 則司馬光所見魏書，也作「庚寅」，南本以下各本當依北史改。 按五月丙寅朔，據上文，四月辛酉即二十五日拓跋嗣至晉陽，五月一日至雁門，行程相當。 若這裏作「庚寅」，則是五月二十五日，自晉陽至雁門走了一個月，稽留太久。 且記日與下「庚寅，車駕至自南巡」句重。 今從諸本。
Fifth month, bingyin, returned and halted at Yanmen: the Baizha edition reads "gengyin" for "bingyin"; the Southern edition and all later editions and Northern History juan 1 all read "bingyin." According to the Comprehensive Mirror 〈same juan, same page〉 in the entry "the Wei ruler returned to Pingcheng," Notes on Discrepancies says: "Later Wei Imperial Annals: 'fifth month gengyin, returned and halted at Yanmen'; 'gengyin, the court returned from the southern tour'—one must be wrong." Therefore the Book of Wei Sima Guang saw also read "gengyin"; the Southern edition and all later editions should follow the Northern History in correction. The fifth month had first day bingyin; according to the text above, fourth month xinyou was the twenty-fifth day when Tuoba Si reached Jinyang, and on the first of the fifth month he reached Yanmen—the itinerary fits. If here it read "gengyin," that would be the twenty-fifth of the fifth month—from Jinyang to Yanmen in a month is too long. Moreover the recorded day duplicates the line below, "gengyin, the court returned from the southern tour." Now follow the various editions.
79
車駕至自南巡諸本「南」都作「北」，御覽 〈同上卷四八七頁〉 作「南」。 通鑑卷一一九 〈三七五九頁〉 「魏主還平城」條考異引魏帝紀亦作「南巡」。 按上年十月記「車駕南巡」，本年四月到虎牢而返，從今大同到虎牢是南行，所以說「至自南巡」。 「北」字乃涉下文「北巡」而誤，今改正。
The court returned from the southern tour: all editions read "north" for "south"; Imperial Readings 〈same juan, p. 487〉 reads "south." Comprehensive Mirror juan 119 〈p. 3759〉 in the entry "the Wei ruler returned to Pingcheng," Notes on Discrepancies citing the Wei Imperial Annals also reads "southern tour." The previous year tenth month records "the court toured south," and this year fourth month he reached Hulao and returned—from Datong to Hulao is southward travel; therefore "returned from the southern tour." "North" was corrupted by "northern tour" below; now corrected.
80
周回二十里北史卷一、御覽 〈同上卷頁〉 此句下有「是歲天下民飢，詔所在開倉賑給」十三字。 冊府卷一０五 〈一二五三頁〉 也載「泰常八年十月，以歲飢，詔所在開倉賑給」。 當是傳本脫去。
Twenty li in circuit: Northern History juan 1, Imperial Readings 〈same juan, same page〉 Below this sentence are thirteen characters: "That year the people of the realm were hungry; an edict ordered wherever they were to open the granaries and give relief." Cefu juan 105 〈p. 1253〉 also records "Taichang eighth year, tenth month, because of famine that year, an edict ordered wherever they were to open the granaries and give relief." The transmitted text must have lost them.