1
世祖太武皇帝，諱燾，太宗明元皇帝之長子也，母曰杜貴嬪。 天賜五年生於東宮，體貌瓌異，太祖奇而悅之，曰：「成吾業者，必此子也。」 泰常七年四月，封泰平王，五月，為監國。 太宗有疾，命帝總攝百揆，聰明大度，意豁如也。 八年十一月壬申，[1]即皇帝位，大赦天下。 十有二月，追尊皇妣為密皇后，進司徒長孫嵩爵為北平王，司空奚斤為宜城王，藍田公長孫翰為平陽王，其餘普增爵位各有差。 於是除禁錮，釋嫌怨，開倉庫，賑窮乏，河南流民相率內屬者甚眾。
Shizu, Emperor Taiwu, bore the taboo name Tao. He was the eldest son of Taizong, Emperor Mingyuan; his mother was Lady Du, Honored Consort. In the fifth year of Tianci he was born in the Eastern Palace. His bearing was strikingly unusual; Taizu wondered at him and said, "The one who will finish what I began is this child." In the fourth month of the seventh year of Taichang he was made Prince of Taiping; in the fifth month he was appointed regent. When Taizong fell ill, he put the heir in charge of government. The prince was bright and broad-minded, untroubled in spirit. In the eleventh month of the eighth year, on the renshen day, [1] he took the throne and granted amnesty to the empire. In the twelfth month he raised his late mother to Empress Mi; Changsun Song, Chancellor of State, became Prince of Beiping; Xi Jin, Minister of Works, Prince of Yicheng; Changsun Han, Duke of Lantian, Prince of Pingyang; and the rest were promoted in rank, each as deserved. He ended arbitrary detention, cleared old grievances, opened the storehouses, and aided the poor; refugees south of the Yellow River flocked inward in great numbers.
2
始光元年春正月丙寅，安定王彌薨。
In the first year of Shiguang, on the bingyin day of the first month of spring, Prince of Anding Mi died.
3
夏四月甲辰，東巡，幸大寧。
In the fourth month of summer, on the jiachen day, the emperor toured east to Daning.
4
秋七月，車駕還宮。 八月，蠕蠕率六萬騎入雲中，殺掠吏民，攻陷盛樂宮。 赭陽子尉普文率輕騎討之，虜乃退走。 詔平陽王長孫翰等擊蠕蠕別帥，破之，殺數千人，獲馬萬餘匹。 語在蠕蠕傳。 九月，大簡輿徒，治兵於東郊，部分諸軍五萬騎，將北討。
In the seventh month of autumn the court returned to the capital. In the eighth month the Rouran brought sixty thousand horsemen into Yunzhong, slaughtered and looted the people, and took Shengle Palace. Wei Puwen, Lord of Ziyang, led light horse against them and the enemy withdrew. The emperor ordered Changsun Han, Prince of Pingyang, and others to attack a Rouran sub-chief; they broke him, killed several thousand men, and took more than ten thousand horses. The full account is given in the treatise on the Rouran. In the ninth month he mustered chariots and infantry, drilled the army at the eastern suburb, and arrayed fifty thousand horsemen for a northern expedition.
5
冬十有二月，遣平陽王長孫翰等討蠕蠕。 車駕次祚山，蠕蠕北遁，諸軍追之，大獲而還。
In the twelfth month of winter he sent Changsun Han, Prince of Pingyang, and others against the Rouran. The emperor halted at Zuoshan; the Rouran fled north, the armies pursued, won a great haul, and returned.
6
是年，劉義符為其臣徐羨之等所廢殺，立義符弟義隆。
That year Liu Yifu was overthrown and killed by his ministers Xu Xianzhi and others, who set up his younger brother Yilong.
7
二年春正月己卯，車駕至自北伐，以其雜畜班賜將士各有差。 二月，慕容渴悉隣反於北平，攻破郡治，太守與守將擊敗之。 三月丙辰，尊保母竇氏曰保太后。 丁巳，以北平王長孫嵩為太尉，平陽王長孫翰為司徒，宜城王奚斤為司空。 庚申，營故東宮為萬壽宮，起永安、安樂二殿，臨望觀、九華堂。 初造新字千餘，詔曰：「在昔帝軒，創制造物，乃命倉頡因鳥獸之跡以立文字。 自茲以降，隨時改作，故篆隸草楷，並行於世。 然經歷久遠，傳習多失其真，故令文體錯謬，會義不愜，非所以示軌則於來世也。 孔子曰，名不正則事不成，此之謂矣。 今制定文字，世所用者，頒下遠近，永為楷式。」
In the second year, on the jimao day of the first month of spring, the court returned from the northern expedition and divided the captured herds among officers and men, each as earned. In the second month Murong Kesilin rebelled in Beiping and stormed the commandery seat; the governor and garrison commanders defeated him. On the bingchen day of the third month the wet-nurse Lady Dou was honored as Dowager Protector. On the dingsi day Changsun Song, Prince of Beiping, became Grand Commandant; Changsun Han, Prince of Pingyang, Chancellor of State; and Xi Jin, Prince of Yicheng, Minister of Works. On the gengshen day the old Eastern Palace was made Wanshou Palace; the Yong'an and Anle halls were built, with the Linwang Observatory and Jiuhua Hall. More than a thousand new characters were devised for the first time. An edict declared: "Long ago the Yellow Emperor fashioned the world and ordered Cang Jie to fix writing from the tracks of birds and beasts. Since then each age has changed the script, so seal, clerical, cursive, and regular forms have all been in use. But long transmission has blurred the true forms, so texts are corrupt and meanings fail to meet—this is no way to set a standard for posterity. Confucius said that when names are not correct, affairs do not succeed. He spoke of this. Now we fix the characters the age shall use, promulgate them far and near, and make them the lasting model forever."
8
夏四月，詔龍驤將軍步堆、謁者僕射胡覲使於劉義隆。 五月，詔天下十家發大牛一頭，運粟塞上。
In the fourth month of summer he ordered Bu Dui, General of Dragon Celerity, and Hu Gu, Master of Ceremonies, as envoys to Liu Yilong. In the fifth month he decreed that every ten households in the empire must supply one large ox to haul grain to the border.
9
秋九月，永安、安樂二殿成，丁卯，大饗以落之。
In the ninth month of autumn the Yong'an and Anle halls were finished; on the dingmao day a great feast celebrated them.
10
冬十月，治兵於西郊。 癸卯，車駕北伐，平陽王長孫翰等絕漠追之，蠕蠕北走。 事具蠕蠕傳。
In the tenth month of winter the army was drilled at the western suburb. On the guimao day the emperor marched north; Changsun Han, Prince of Pingyang, and others crossed the desert in pursuit and the Rouran fled north. The full account is in the treatise on the Rouran.
11
是年，赫連屈丐死，子昌僭立。
That year Helian Ququ died and his son Chang seized the throne.
12
三年春正月壬申，車駕至自北伐。 班軍實以賜將士，行、留各有差。 乞伏熾磐遣使朝貢，請討赫連昌。 二月，起太學於城東，祀孔子，以顏淵配。
In the third year, on the renshen day of the first month of spring, the court returned from the northern expedition. Booty was divided among the troops; those who had marched and those who had stayed behind were rewarded each as earned. Qifu Chipo sent tribute and asked leave to attack Helian Chang. In the second month the Imperial Academy was founded east of the city; Confucius was honored and Yan Yuan paired with him.
13
夏五月辛卯，中山公元纂進爵為王，南安公元素復先爵常山王。 六月，幸雲中舊宮，謁陵廟； 西至五原，田於陰山； 東至和兜山。
In the fifth month of summer, on the xinmao day, Yuan Zuan, Duke of Zhongshan, was raised to princely rank; Yuan Su, Duke of Nan'an, had his former title Prince of Changshan restored. In the sixth month the emperor visited the old palace at Yunzhong and the ancestral tombs; west to Wuyuan, hunting on Yinshan; east to Hedou Mountain.
14
秋七月，築馬射臺于長川，帝親登臺觀走馬； 王公諸國君長馳射，中者賜金錦繒絮各有差。 八月，車駕還宮。 劉義隆遣使朝貢。 帝以屈丐既死，諸子相攻，九月，遣司空奚斤率義兵將軍封禮、雍州刺史延普襲蒲坂，宋兵將軍周幾率洛州刺史于栗磾襲陝城。
In the seventh month of autumn a horse-shooting terrace was built on Changchuan; the emperor mounted it to watch the races; princes, dukes, and foreign chieftains rode and shot; hits were rewarded with gold, brocade, and silk, each as earned. In the eighth month the court returned to the capital. Liu Yilong sent envoys with tribute. Because Ququ was dead and his sons were at war, in the ninth month the emperor sent Xi Jin, Minister of Works, with Feng Li, General of Righteous Troops, and Yan Pu, governor of Yanzhou, against Puban, and Zhou Ji of Song with Yu Liben, governor of Luozhou, against Shancheng.
15
冬十月丁巳，車駕西伐，幸雲中，臨君子津。 會天暴寒，數日冰結。 十有一月戊寅，帝率輕騎二萬襲赫連昌，壬午，至其城下，徙萬餘家而還。 語在昌傳。 至祚山，班所虜獲以賜將士各有差。 奚斤未至蒲坂，昌守將赫連乙升棄城西走。 [2]昌弟助興守長安，乙升復與助興自長安西走安定。 奚斤遂入蒲坂。 十有二月，詔斤西據長安。 秦雍氐、羌皆叛昌詣斤降。 武都氐王楊玄及沮渠蒙遜等皆遣使內附。
In the tenth month of winter, on the dingsi day, the emperor marched west, came to Yunzhong, and halted at Junzi Ford. A sudden bitter cold fell; within days the river was ice. In the eleventh month, on the wuyin day, the emperor led twenty thousand light cavalry in a surprise raid on Helian Chang; on the renchen day he reached the walls and carried off more than ten thousand households. The account is given in the treatise on Chang. At Zuoshan the captives were divided among the troops, each as earned. Before Xi Jin reached Puban, Chang's defender Helian Yisheng abandoned the city and fled west. [2] Chang's brother Zhuxing held Chang'an; Yisheng joined him and they fled west from Chang'an toward Anding. Xi Jin then entered Puban. In the twelfth month he ordered Xi Jin to advance west and secure Chang'an. The Di and Qiang of Qin and Yong all turned from Chang and surrendered to Xi Jin. Yang Xuan, Di king of Wudu, Juqu Mengxun, and others all sent envoys to submit.
16
四年春正月乙酉，車駕至自西伐，賜留臺文武生口、繒帛、馬牛各有差。 從人在道多死，其能到都者纔十六七。 己亥，行幸幽州。 赫連昌遣其弟平原公定率眾二萬向長安。 帝聞之，乃遣就陰山伐木，大造攻具。 二月，車駕還宮。 三月丙子，遣高涼王禮鎮長安。 詔執金吾桓貸造橋於君子津。 丁丑，廣平王連薨。
In the fourth year, on the yiyou day of the first month of spring, the court returned from the western expedition and rewarded the officials who had stayed at the capital with captives, silk, horses, and oxen, each as earned. Many who had marched died on the road; scarcely one in six reached the capital. On the jihai day the emperor went to Youzhou. Helian Chang sent his brother Ding, Duke of Pingyuan, with twenty thousand men toward Chang'an. Hearing this, the emperor sent men to Yinshan to fell timber and build siege engines in great numbers. In the second month the court returned to the capital. On the bingzi day of the third month Prince of Gaoliang Li was sent to garrison Chang'an. He ordered Huan Dai, Bearer of the Golden Mace, to build a bridge at Junzi Ford. On the dingchou day Prince of Guangping Lian died.
17
夏四月丁未，詔員外散騎常侍步堆、謁者僕射胡覲等使於劉義隆。 是月，治兵講武，分諸軍，司徒長孫翰、廷尉長孫道生、宗正娥清三萬騎為前驅，常山王素、太僕兵堆、將軍元太毗步兵三萬為後繼，南陽王伏真、執金吾桓貸、將軍姚黃眉步兵三萬部攻城器械，將軍賀多羅精騎三千為前候。 五月，車駕西討赫連昌。 辛巳，濟君子津。 三城胡酋鵲子相率內附。 帝次拔隣山，築城，舍輜重，以輕騎三萬先行。 戊戌，至于黑水，帝親祈天告祖宗之靈而誓眾焉。 六月甲辰，昌引眾出城，大破之。 事在昌傳。 昌將麾下數百騎西南走，奔上邽，諸軍乘勝追至城北，死者萬餘人，臨陣殺昌弟河南公滿及其兄子蒙遜。 會日暮，昌尚書僕射問至拔城，夜將昌母出走。 乙巳，車駕入城，虜昌羣弟及其諸母、姊妹、妻妾、宮人萬數，府庫珍寶車旗器物不可勝計，擒昌尚書王買、薛超等及司馬德宗將毛脩之、秦雍人士數千人，獲馬三十餘萬匹，牛羊數千萬。 以昌宮人及生口、金銀、珍玩、布帛班賚將士各有差。 昌弟平原公定拒司空奚斤於長安城，娥清率騎五千討之，西走上邽。 辛酉，班師，留常山王素、執金吾桓貸鎮統萬。
In the fourth month of summer, on the dingwei day, he ordered Bu Dui, Supernumerary Palace Attendant, Hu Gu, Master of Ceremonies, and others as envoys to Liu Yilong. That month the army was drilled: Changsun Han, Chancellor, Changsun Daosheng, Court Director, and E Qing, Director of the Imperial Clan, led thirty thousand horse as vanguard; Prince of Changshan Su, Grand Steward Bing Dui, and General Yuan Taipi, thirty thousand foot as rear; Prince of Nanyang Fuzhen, Huan Dai, Bearer of the Golden Mace, and General Yao Huangmei, thirty thousand foot with siege train; General He Duoluo, three thousand elite horse as scouts. In the fifth month the emperor marched west against Helian Chang. On the xinsi day he crossed Junzi Ford. Quezi, Hu chieftain of Sancheng, led his people to submit. The emperor halted at Balin Mountain, built a camp, left the baggage, and pressed on with thirty thousand light horse. On the wuxu day he reached the Black Water; the emperor prayed to Heaven and invoked the ancestral spirits before the army. On the jiachen day of the sixth month Chang led his army out and was utterly broken. The account is in the treatise on Chang. Chang fled southwest to Shanggui with a few hundred horse; the armies pursued to the walls and killed more than ten thousand; in the fighting Chang's brother Man, Duke of Henan, and his nephew Mengxun were slain. At dusk Wen Zhiba, Chang's Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, held the city; that night he fled with Chang's mother. On the yisi day the emperor entered the city. He took Chang's brothers, their mothers, sisters, wives, concubines, and palace women by the tens of thousands; treasure, chariots, banners, and goods beyond count; Chang's Masters of Writing Wang Mai and Xue Chao; Mao Xiuzhi, general to Sima Dezong; and several thousand men of Qin and Yong; more than three hundred thousand horses and tens of millions of cattle and sheep. Chang's palace women, captives, gold, silver, treasures, and cloth were divided among the troops, each as earned. Chang's brother Ding, Duke of Pingyuan, held Chang'an against Xi Jin; E Qing with five thousand horse drove him west to Shanggui. On the xinyou day the army withdrew; Prince of Changshan Su and Huan Dai, Bearer of the Golden Mace, were left to garrison Tongwan.
18
秋七月己卯，築壇於祚嶺，戲馬馳射，賜射中者金錦繒絮各有差。 蠕蠕寇雲中，聞破赫連昌，懼而還走。 八月壬子，車駕至自西伐，飲至策勳，告於宗廟，班軍實以賜留臺百僚，各有差。 九月丁酉，安定民舉城歸降。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the jimao day, a terrace was raised on Zuoling for racing and archery; hits were rewarded with gold, brocade, and silk, each as earned. The Rouran raided Yunzhong; hearing of Chang's defeat, they fled in fear. On the renzi day of the eighth month the court returned from the west; a feast honored the victors and the ancestral temple was told; booty was divided among the capital officials, each as earned. On the dingyou day of the ninth month the people of Anding surrendered the city.
19
冬十有一月，以氐王楊玄為都督荊梁益寧四州諸軍事、假征南大將軍、梁州刺史、南秦王。 十有二月，行幸中山，守宰貪污免者十數人。 癸卯，車駕還宮。 復所過田租之半。
In the eleventh month of winter Yang Xuan, Di king, was made commander of all armies in Jing, Liang, Yi, and Ning, acting General Who Conquers the South, inspector of Liangzhou, and King of Southern Qin. In the twelfth month the emperor went to Zhongshan; more than ten magistrates were removed for graft. On the guimao day the court returned to the capital. Half the land tax along the route was remitted.
20
神䴥元年春正月，以天下守令多行非法，精選忠良悉代之。 辛未，京兆王黎薨。 二月，改元。 赫連昌退屯平涼。 司空奚斤進軍安定，將軍丘堆為昌所敗，監軍侍御史安頡出戰，擒昌。 昌餘眾立昌弟定為王，走還平涼。 三月癸酉，詔侍中古弼迎赫連昌。 辛巳，弼等以昌至于京師。 司空奚斤追定於平涼馬髦嶺，為定所擒。 丘堆先守輜重在安定，聞斤敗，棄甲東走蒲坂。 帝聞大怒，詔安頡斬堆。
In the first year of Shenju, first month of spring, because magistrates throughout the empire often broke the law, trustworthy men were chosen to replace them. On the xinwei day Prince of Jingzhao Li died. In the second month the reign title was changed. Helian Chang withdrew to Pingliang. Xi Jin, Minister of Works, advanced on Anding; General Qiu Dui was beaten by Chang; Supervising Censor An Gu took the field and captured Chang. Chang's remnant forces made his brother Ding king and fled back to Pingliang. On the guiyou day of the third month he ordered Palace Attendant Gu Bi to escort Helian Chang. On the xinsi day Bi brought Chang to the capital. Xi Jin pursued Ding to Mama Ridge near Pingliang and was taken by Ding. Qiu Dui had been guarding the baggage at Anding; when he heard Xi Jin was beaten, he threw off his armor and fled east to Puban. The emperor flew into a rage and ordered An Gu to execute Qiu Dui.
21
夏四月，赫連定遣使朝貢，帝詔諭之。 壬子，西巡。 戊午，田于河西。 大赦天下。 南秦王楊玄遣使朝貢。 六月丁酉，并州胡酋卜田謀反伏誅，餘眾不安。 詔淮南公王倍斤鎮慮虒，撫慰之。 甲寅，行幸長川。
In the fourth month of summer Helian Ding sent tribute; the emperor sent him a written reply. On the renzi day the court toured west. On the wuwu day he hunted west of the river. He granted amnesty to the empire. Yang Xuan, King of Southern Qin, sent envoys with tribute. On the dingyou day of the sixth month Bu Tian, Hu chieftain of Bingzhou, plotted rebellion and was put to death; his followers were uneasy. He ordered Wang Beijin, Duke of Huainan, to garrison Lüsi and reassure them. On the jiayin day he went to Changchuan.
22
秋七月，車駕還宮。 八月，東幸廣寧，臨觀溫泉。 以太牢祭黃帝、堯、舜廟。 蠕蠕大檀遣子將萬餘騎入塞。 事具蠕蠕傳。 上郡休屠胡酋金崖率部內屬。 九月，車駕還宮。 上洛巴渠泉午觸等萬餘家內附。
In the seventh month of autumn the court returned to the capital. In the eighth month he toured east to Guangning and visited the hot springs. He offered the great sacrifice at the temples of the Yellow Emperor, Yao, and Shun. Datun of the Rouran sent his son with more than ten thousand horse across the border. The full account is in the treatise on the Rouran. Jinyai, Xiutu Hu chieftain of Shang commandery, led his people to submit. In the ninth month the court returned to the capital. Quan Wu and other Ba chiefs of Shangluo, more than ten thousand households, came in submission.
23
冬十月甲辰北巡。 壬子，田于牛川。 劉義隆淮北鎮將王仲德遣步騎二千餘入寇濟陽、陳留。 是月，車駕還宮。 閏月辛巳，義隆又遣將王玄謨、兗州刺史竺靈秀步騎二千人寇滎陽，將襲虎牢。 豫州遣軍逆擊走之。 上郡屠各隗詰歸率萬餘家內屬。 定州丁零鮮于臺陽、翟喬等二千餘家叛入西山，劫掠郡縣，州軍討之，失利。 詔鎮南將軍、壽光侯叔孫建擊之。 十有一月，行幸河西，大校獵。 十有二月甲申，車駕還宮。
In the tenth month of winter, on the jiachen day, he toured north. On the renzi day he hunted at Niuchuan. Wang Zhongde, Liu Yilong's general north of the Huai, sent more than two thousand foot and horse to raid Jiyang and Chenliu. That month the court returned to the capital. In the intercalary month, on the xinsi day, Yilong again sent Wang Xuemo and Zhu Lingxiu, governor of Yanzhou, with two thousand foot and horse against Xingyang, meaning to take Hubao. Yuzhou sent troops to meet them and drove them off. Kui Zhi, Tuge chieftain of Shang commandery, led more than ten thousand households to submit. At Dingzhou, Xianyu Taiyang, Zhai Qiao, and other Dingling, more than two thousand households, rebelled into the western hills and looted the districts; the provincial army attacked and lost. He ordered Shusun Jian, General Who Guards the South and Marquis of Shouguang, to strike them. In the eleventh month he went to Hexi for a great hunt. On the jiashen day of the twelfth month the court returned to the capital.
24
是歲，皇子晃生。 乞伏熾磐死，子暮末僭立。 沮渠蒙遜遣使朝貢。
That year the prince Huang was born. Qifu Chipo died and his son Mumi seized the throne. Juqu Mengxun sent envoys with tribute.
25
二年春正月，赫連定弟酒泉公儁自平涼來奔。 丁零鮮于臺陽等歸罪，詔赦之。 二月，上黨李禹聚眾殺太守，自稱無上王，署置將帥。 河內守將擊破之。 禹亡走入山，為人執送，斬之。
In the second year, first month of spring, Ding's brother Jun, Duke of Jiuquan, fled from Pingliang to the court. Xianyu Taiyang and his band pleaded guilty and were pardoned. In the second month Li Yu of Shangdang raised a force, killed the governor, called himself King Without Superior, and set up commanders. The garrison commander of Henei defeated him. Yu fled into the hills, was seized and sent in, and was beheaded.
26
夏四月，治兵于南郊。 劉義隆遣使朝貢。 庚寅，車駕北伐，以太尉、北平王長孫嵩，衞尉、廣陵公樓伏連留守京師，從東道與長孫翰等期會於賊庭。 五月丁未，次于沙漠，舍輜重，輕騎兼馬，至栗水，蠕蠕震怖，焚燒廬舍，絕跡西走。 事具蠕蠕傳。 是月，赫連定來侵統萬，東至侯尼城而還。
In the fourth month of summer the army was drilled at the southern suburb. Liu Yilong sent envoys with tribute. On the gengyin day the emperor marched north, leaving Changsun Song, Grand Commandant and Prince of Beiping, and Lou Fulian, Commandant of Guards and Duke of Guangling, at the capital; by the eastern road he was to meet Changsun Han at the enemy camp. On the dingwei day of the fifth month he halted in the desert, left the baggage, and with light horse and remounts reached Lishui; the Rouran were terrified, burned their camps, and fled west without trace. The full account is in the treatise on the Rouran. That month Helian Ding raided Tongwan, reached Houni city in the east, and withdrew.
27
秋七月，車駕東轅。 至黑山，校數軍實，班賜王公將士各有差。 八月，帝以東部高車屯巳尼陂，詔左僕射安原率騎萬餘討之。 事具蠕蠕傳。
In the seventh month of autumn the court turned east. At Heishan the booty was counted and divided among princes, dukes, and troops, each as earned. In the eighth month, because eastern Gaoche were camped at Sini marsh, he ordered An Yuan, Left Vice Director, with more than ten thousand horse against them. The full account is in the treatise on the Rouran.
28
冬十月，振旅凱旋于京師，告於宗廟。 列置新民於漠南，東至濡源，西暨五原、陰山，竟三千里。 詔司徒平陽王長孫翰、尚書令劉潔，左僕射安原、侍中古弼鎮撫之。 十有一月，西巡狩，田于河西，至祚山而還。
In the tenth month of winter the army returned in triumph to the capital and reported to the ancestral temple. New subjects were settled south of the desert from Ruyuan in the east to Wuyuan and Yinshan in the west, three thousand li in all. He ordered Changsun Han, Prince of Pingyang and Chancellor, Liu Jie, Director of the Masters of Writing, An Yuan, Left Vice Director, and Gu Bi, Palace Attendant, to garrison and pacify them. In the eleventh month he hunted west in Hexi, reached Zuoshan, and returned.
29
夏四月甲子，行幸雲中。 敕勒萬餘落叛走。 詔尚書封鐵追討滅之。 五月戊戌，詔曰：「夫士之為行，在家必孝，處朝必忠，然後身榮於時，名揚後世矣。 近遣尚書封鐵翦除亡命，其所部將士有盡忠竭節以殞軀命者，今皆追贈爵號； 或有蹈鋒履難以自效者，以功次進位； 或有故違軍法私離幢校者，以軍法行戮。 夫有功蒙賞，有罪受誅，國之常典，不可暫廢。 自今以後，不善者可以自改。 其宣敕內外，咸使聞知。」 六月，詔平南大將軍、假丹陽王太毗屯于河上，以司馬楚之為安南大將軍、琅邪王，屯潁川。
In the fourth month of summer, on the jiazi day, he went to Yunzhong. More than ten thousand Tiele households rebelled and fled. He ordered Feng Tie of the Masters of Writing to pursue and destroy them. On the wuxu day of the fifth month an edict declared: "A man's conduct should be filial at home and loyal at court; only then is he honored in his time and remembered after. Lately Feng Tie of the Masters of Writing destroyed fugitives. Officers and men who died in loyal service shall now receive posthumous ranks; those who braved blades and hardship shall be advanced by merit; those who deliberately broke military law and left their units shall die by military law. Merit is rewarded and crime punished—the state's constant rule must not lapse even for a moment. From now on the unworthy may reform themselves. Let this be proclaimed within and without until all have heard." In the sixth month he ordered Taipi, General Who Pacifies the South and acting Prince of Danyang, to garrison on the river, and made Sima Chuzhi General Who Pacifies the South and Prince of Langye, garrisoning Yingchuan.
30
秋七月己亥，詔曰：「昔太祖撥亂，制度草創，太宗因循，未遑改作，軍國官屬，至乃闕然。 今諸征鎮將軍、王公仗節邊遠者，聽開府辟召； 其次，增置吏員。」 庚子，詔大鴻臚卿杜超假節、都督冀定相三州諸軍事、行征南大將軍、太宰，進爵為王，鎮鄴，為諸軍節度。 八月，清河羣盜殺太守。 劉義隆將到彥之，自清水入河，泝流西行。 帝以河南兵少，詔攝四鎮。 乃治兵，將西討。 丙寅，到彥之遣將渡河攻冶坂，冠軍將軍安頡督諸軍擊破之，斬首五千餘級，投水死者甚眾。 甲戌，行幸南宮，獵于南山。 戊寅，詔征西大將軍長孫道生屯于河上。 九月己丑，赫連定遣弟謂以代寇鄜城，平西將軍、始平公隗歸等率諸軍討之，擒賊將王卑，殺萬餘人，謂以代遁走。 癸卯，立密皇太后廟于鄴。 甲辰，行幸統萬，遂征平涼。
On the jihai day of the seventh month of autumn an edict said: "Taizu, raising order from chaos, first drafted institutions; Taizong followed but had no time to revise them, and military and civil posts even stood empty. Now campaigning generals and princes and dukes with credentials on distant frontiers may open offices and recruit; next, increase clerical staff." On the gengzi day Du Chao, Director of the Grand Messenger Office, received credentials as commander of armies in Ji, Ding, and Xiang, acting General Who Conquers the South and Grand Preceptor, was raised to princely rank, garrisoned Ye, and coordinated all armies. In the eighth month bandits in Qinghe killed the governor. Dao Yanzhi, general to Liu Yilong, entered the Yellow River from Qingshui and sailed upstream west. Because Henan had few troops, the emperor put the four frontier garrisons under central command. He then drilled the army for a western expedition. On the bingyin day Yanzhi sent generals across the river against Yebai; An Gu, Champion General, led the armies, broke them, took more than five thousand heads, and drowned many more. On the jiaxu day he went to Nangong and hunted on Nanshan. On the wuyin day he ordered Changsun Daosheng, General Who Conquers the West, to garrison on the river. On the jichou day of the ninth month Ding sent his brother Wei Yi to raid Fucheng for Dai; Wei Gui, General Who Pacifies the West and Duke of Shiping, and others attacked, took the rebel general Wang Bei, killed more than ten thousand, and Wei Yi fled. On the guimao day the temple of Empress Mi was founded at Ye. On the jiachen day he went to Tongwan and marched on Pingliang.
31
冬十月庚申，到彥之、王仲德沿河置守，還保東平。 乙亥，冠軍將軍安頡濟河，攻洛陽，丙子，拔之，擒義隆將二十人，斬首五千級。 時河北諸軍會于七女津，彥之恐軍南度，遣將王蟠龍泝流欲盜官船，征南大將軍杜超等擊破，斬之。 辛巳，安頡平虎牢，義隆司州刺史尹沖墜城死。
On the gengshen day of the tenth month of winter Yanzhi and Wang Zhongde posted guards along the river and fell back to Dongping. On the yihai day An Gu, Champion General, crossed the river and attacked Luoyang; on the bingzi day he took it, captured twenty of Yilong's generals, and beheaded five thousand. The armies of Hebei gathered at Qinv Ford; fearing a southern crossing, Yanzhi sent Wang Panlong upstream to seize government boats; Du Chao, General Who Conquers the South, and others defeated and killed him. On the xinsi day An Gu took Hubao; Yin Chong, Yilong's inspector of Sizhou, fell from the wall and died.
32
十有一月乙酉，車駕至平涼。 先是，赫連定將數萬人東禦於鄜城，留其弟上谷公社于、廣陽公度洛孤城守。 帝至平涼，登北原，使赫連昌招諭之，社于不降。 詔安西將軍古弼等擊安定，攻平涼。 定聞之，棄鄜城，入于安定，自率步騎三萬從鶉觚原將救平涼，與弼相遇，弼擊之，殺數千人，乃還走。 詔諸軍四面圍之。
On the yiyou day of the eleventh month the court reached Pingliang. Earlier Ding had gone east to Fucheng with tens of thousands; he left his brothers Sheyu, Duke of Shanggu, and Duluo, Duke of Guangyang, to hold the city. The emperor reached Pingliang, mounted the north plateau, and had Helian Chang summon them; Sheyu refused. He ordered Gu Bi, General Who Pacifies the West, and others to attack Anding and besiege Pingliang. Ding heard, abandoned Fucheng, entered Anding, and led thirty thousand foot and horse from Chunqu plain to relieve Pingliang; he met Bi, who struck him, killed several thousand, and Ding fled back. He ordered the armies to invest the city on all sides.
33
甲午，壽光侯叔孫建、汝陰公長孫道生濟河，到彥之、王仲德從清入濟，東走青州，義隆兗州刺史竺靈秀棄須昌，南奔湖陸。
On the jiawu day Shusun Jian, Marquis of Shouguang, and Changsun Daosheng, Duke of Runan, crossed the river; Yanzhi and Wang Zhongde fled east from Qing and Ji to Qingzhou; Zhu Lingxiu, Yilong's governor of Yanzhou, abandoned Xuchang and fled south to Hulu.
34
丁酉，定乏水，引眾下原，詔武衞將軍丘眷擊之，定眾大潰，死者萬餘人。 定中重創，單騎遁走。 獲定弟丹陽公烏視拔、武陵公禿骨及公侯百餘人。 是日，諸將乘勝進軍，遂取安定。 定從兄東平公乙升棄城奔長安，劫掠數千家，西奔上邽。 [3]
On the dingyou day Ding ran short of water and led his men down from the heights; the emperor ordered Qiu Juan, Martial Guard General, to strike; Ding's army broke and more than ten thousand died. Ding was badly wounded and fled alone on horseback. They took Ding's brother Wushiba, Duke of Danyang, Tugu, Duke of Wuling, and more than a hundred dukes and marquises. That day the generals pressed the victory and took Anding. Ding's cousin Yisheng, Duke of Dongping, abandoned the city, fled to Chang'an, plundered several thousand households, and fled west to Shanggui. The text is deficient.
35
戊戌，叔孫建大破竺靈秀於湖陸，殺獲五千餘人。
On the wuxu day Shusun Jian broke Zhu Lingxiu at Hulu and killed or captured more than five thousand.
36
己亥，帝幸安定，獲乞伏熾磐質子及定車旗，簿其生口、財畜，班賜將士各有差。 庚子，帝自安定還臨平涼，遂掘塹圍守之。 行幸紐城，安慰初附，赦秦雍之民，賜復七年。 定隴西守及將士數千人來降。
On the jihai day the emperor visited Anding, took Qifu Chipo's hostage and Ding's chariots and banners, tallied captives and herds, and divided them among the troops, each as earned. On the gengzi day he returned from Anding to Pingliang and dug trenches to besiege it. He went to Niucheng, reassured the newly submitted, pardoned the people of Qin and Yong, and remitted levies for seven years. Several thousand defenders and soldiers of Longxi surrendered.
37
辛丑，冠軍將軍安頡率諸軍攻滑臺。 琅邪王司馬楚之破劉義隆將於長社。 沮渠蒙遜遣使朝貢。 壬寅，封壽光侯叔孫建為丹陽王。
On the xinchou day An Gu, Champion General, led the armies against Huatai. Sima Chuzhi, Prince of Langye, defeated a general of Liu Yilong at Changshe. Juqu Mengxun sent envoys with tribute. On renyin Shusun Jian, Marquis of Shouguang, was made Prince of Danyang.
38
十有二月丁卯，定弟社于、度洛孤面縛出降，平涼平，收其珍寶。 定長安、臨晉、武功守將皆奔走，關中平。 壬申，車駕東還，留巴東公延普等鎮安定。
In the twelfth month, on dingmao, Ding's brothers Sheyu and Duluo Gugu surrendered bound; Pingliang fell and their treasures were taken. The defenders of Chang'an, Linjin, and Wugong all fled; Guanzhong was pacified. On renshen the court turned east, leaving Yanpu, Duke of Badong, and others to hold Anding.
39
是歲，馮跋死，弟文通僭立。
That year Feng Ba died and his brother Wentong usurped rule.
40
四年春正月壬午，車駕次于木根山，大饗羣臣，賜布帛各有差。 丙申，劉義隆將檀道濟、王仲德從清水救滑臺，丹陽王叔孫建、汝陰公長孫道生拒之，道濟等不敢進。 是月，乞伏慕末為赫連定所滅。 二月辛酉，安頡、司馬楚之平滑臺，擒義隆將朱脩之、李元德及東郡太守申謨。 癸酉，車駕還宮，飲至策勳，告於宗廟，賜留臺百官各有差，戰士賜復十年。 丁丑，行幸南宮。 定州民飢，詔啟倉以賑之。 義隆將檀道濟、王仲德東走，諸將追之，至歷城而還。 三月庚戌，冠軍將軍安頡獻義隆俘萬餘人，甲兵三萬。
In the fourth year, first month of spring, on renwu the court halted at Mugen Mountain, feasted the ministers, and gave cloth and silk by rank. On bingshen Tan Daoji and Wang Zhongde of Liu Yilong came from Qingshui to save Huatai; Shusun Jian, Prince of Danyang, and Changsun Daosheng, Duke of Yiyin, blocked them and they did not advance. That month Qifu Mumo was destroyed by Helian Ding. On xinyou of the second month An Gu and Sima Chuzhi took Huatai and captured Zhu Xiuzhi, Li Yuande, and Shen Mo, governor of Dongjun. On guiyou the court returned to the capital, feasted the victors, reported to the ancestral temple, rewarded the capital officials, and exempted soldiers from levies for ten years. On dingchou he went to the Southern Palace. Ding province was in famine; granaries were opened for relief. Tan Daoji and Wang Zhongde fled east; pursuers reached Licheng and turned back. On gengxu of the third month An Gu, Champion General, presented more than ten thousand captives and thirty thousand suits of armor.
41
夏五月庚寅，行幸雲中。 六月，赫連定北襲沮渠蒙遜，為吐谷渾慕璝所執。 閏月乙未，蠕蠕國遣使朝獻。 詔散騎侍郎周紹使于劉義隆。
In the fifth month of summer, on gengyin, he went to Yunzhong. In the sixth month Helian Ding raided Juqu Mengxun in the north and was captured by Murong Mugui of Tuyuhun. In the intercalary month, on yimao, the Rouran sent tribute. He ordered Attendant Cadet Zhou Shao to Liu Yilong as envoy.
42
秋七月己酉，行幸河西，起承華宮。 八月乙酉，沮渠蒙遜遣子安周入侍。 吐谷渾慕璝遣使奉表，請送赫連定。 己丑，以慕璝為大將軍、西秦王。 九月癸丑，車駕還宮。 庚申，加太尉長孫嵩柱國大將軍，特進、左光祿大夫崔浩為司徒，征西大將軍長孫道生為司空。 癸亥，詔兼太常李順持節拜河西王沮渠蒙遜為假節，加侍中，都督涼州及西域羌戎諸軍事、行征西大將軍、太傅、涼州牧、涼王。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiyou, he went to Hexi and began Chenghua Palace. On yiyou of the eighth month Juqu Mengxun sent his son Anzhou to court. Murong Mugui sent envoys asking to deliver Helian Ding. On jichou Mugui was made Grand General and King of Western Qin. In the ninth month, on guichou, the court returned to the capital. On gengshen Changsun Song, Grand Tutor, received the added rank Grand General with Pillar of State; Cui Hao became Chancellor; Changsun Daosheng, General Who Conquers the West, became Minister of Works. On renhai Li Shun, Concurrent Grand Master of Ceremonies, was sent with credentials to invest Juqu Mengxun as King of Liang with full western command.
43
壬申，詔曰：「頃逆命縱逸，方夏未寧，戎車屢駕，不遑休息。 今二寇摧殄，士馬無為，方將偃武修文，遵太平之化，理廢職，舉逸民，拔起幽窮，延登儁乂，昧旦思求，想遇師輔，雖殷宗之夢板築，罔以加也。 訪諸有司，咸稱范陽盧玄、博陵崔綽、趙郡李靈、河間邢穎、勃海高允、廣平游雅、太原張偉等，皆賢儁之冑，冠冕州邦，有羽儀之用。 詩不云乎，『鶴鳴九臯，聲聞于天』，庶得其人，任之政事，共臻邕熙之美。 易曰：『我有好爵，吾與爾縻之。』 如玄之比，隱跡衡門、不耀名譽者，盡敕州郡以禮發遣。」 遂徵玄等及州郡所遣，至者數百人，皆差次敍用。
On renshen an edict declared: "Rebels have lately run wild; midsummer is not yet calm; the army has marched again and again without rest. Now both enemies are gone and the host is idle; we will sheathe arms, restore civil order, revive abandoned posts, call out the hidden, and seek worthy counselors from dawn—surpassing even the Yin king's dream of worthy men in the wild. All offices named Lu Xuan of Fanyang, Cui Chuo of Boling, Li Ling of Zhao, Xing Ying of Hejian, Gao Yun of Bohai, You Ya of Guangping, Zhang Wei of Taiyuan, and others—men of talent and standing in their commands. As the Odes says, 'The crane cries from the nine marshes, its voice heard in heaven'—may we find such men for office and share in ordered peace." The Changes says, 'I have fine rank; I will bind it to you.'" Men like Xuan who live obscure without seeking fame—every province and commandery shall summon them with full ritual." Xuan and the rest, with those the provinces sent--several hundred in all--were ranked and appointed.
44
冬十月戊寅，詔司徒崔浩改定律令。 行幸漠南。 十一月丙辰，北部敕勒莫弗庫若于，率其部數萬騎，驅鹿數百萬，詣行在所，帝因而大狩以賜從者，勒石漠南，以記功德。 宜城王奚斤，坐事降爵為公。 十二月丁丑，車駕還宮。
In the tenth month of winter, on wuyin, he ordered Chancellor Cui Hao to revise the laws. He went to the southern desert. On bingchen of the eleventh month Kuruyu, Mo Fu of the northern Tiele, brought tens of thousands of horse and millions of deer to the camp; the emperor held a great hunt for his followers and set up a stone in the desert to record the deed. Xi Jin, Prince of Yicheng, was reduced to duke for an offense. On dingchou of the twelfth month the court returned to the capital.
45
延和元年春正月丙午，尊保太后為皇太后，立皇后赫連氏，立皇子晃為皇太子，謁于太廟，大赦，改年。
In the first year of Yanhe, first month of spring, on bingwu the Guardian Empress became Empress Dowager, Lady Helian empress, Prince Huang crown prince; the temple was visited, amnesty granted, and the reign title changed.
46
己巳，詔曰：「朕以眇身，獲奉宗廟，思闡洪基，廓清九服。 遭值季運，天下分崩。 是用屢征，罔或寧息，自始光至今，九年之間，戎車十舉。 羣帥文武，荷戈被甲，櫛風沐雨，蹈履鋒刃，與朕均勞。 賴神祇之助，將士宣力，用能摧折強豎，克翦大憝。 兵不極武，而二寇俱滅； 師不違律，而遐方以寧。 加以時氣和洽，嘉瑞並降，遍於郡國，不可勝紀，豈朕一人，獨應此祐，斯亦羣后協同之所致也。 公卿因茲，稽諸天人之會，請建副貳。 夫慶賞之行，所以褒崇勳舊，旌顯賢能，以永無疆之休，其王公將軍以下，普增爵秩，啟國承家，修廢官，舉儁逸，蠲除煩苛，更定科制，務從輕約，除故革新，以正一統。 羣司當深思效績，直道正身，立功立事，無或懈怠，稱朕意焉。」
On jisi an edict said: "With this slight person I have received the ancestral shrine, intent on broadening the foundation and pacifying the realm. We met a declining age and the empire fell apart. Campaigns followed without pause—from Shiguang until now, in nine years the army marched ten times. Generals and ministers bore arms, braved wind and rain, walked among blades, and shared our labor. By the spirits' help and the troops' strength we broke the strong and destroyed the great enemy. Arms were not pushed to excess, yet both enemies perished; the army kept discipline and distant lands were calm. Seasons were mild and good omens beyond count filled the commands—could We alone deserve this? It came from the ministers acting as one. The dukes and ministers, reading Heaven and man together, asked that the heir be set. Rewards should honor past service and display talent for lasting peace; princes, dukes, generals, and all below were raised in rank, states founded, offices restored, the worthy called out, harsh taxes cut, laws revised for simplicity, the old replaced and unity set right. Every office must seek real achievement, walk uprightly, build lasting work, and not slacken—so We intend."
47
二月丙子，行幸南宮。 三月丁未，追贈夫人賀氏為皇后。 壬申，西秦王吐谷渾慕璝，送赫連定於京師。
On bingzi of the second month he went to the Southern Palace. On dingwei of the third month Lady He was posthumously made empress. On renshen Mugui, King of Western Qin, sent Helian Ding to the capital.
48
夏五月，大簡輿徒于南郊，將討馮文通。 劉義隆遣使朝貢。 六月庚寅，車駕伐和龍。 詔尚書左僕射安原等屯于漠南，以備蠕蠕。 辛卯，兼散騎常侍鄧穎使於劉義隆。
In the fifth month of summer the army was reviewed at the southern suburb to strike Feng Wentong. Liu Yilong sent envoys with tribute. On gengyin of the sixth month the court marched on Helong. He ordered An Yuan, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, and others to camp in the southern desert against the Rouran. On xinmao Deng Ying, Concurrent Attendant Cadet, went to Liu Yilong as envoy.
49
秋七月己未，車駕至濡水。 庚申，遣安東將軍、宜城公奚斤發幽州民及密雲丁零萬餘人，運攻具，出南道，俱會和龍。 帝至遼西，文通遣其侍御史崔聘奉獻牛酒。 己巳，車駕至和龍，臨其城。 文通石城太守李崇、建德太守王融十餘郡來降，發其民三萬人穿圍塹以守之。 是月，築東宮。 八月甲戌，文通使數萬人出城挑戰，昌黎公元丘與河間公元齊擊破之，死者萬餘人。 文通尚書高紹率萬餘家保羌胡固。 己卯，車駕討紹，辛巳，斬之。 詔平東將軍賀多羅攻文通帶方太守慕容玄於猴固，撫軍大將軍、永昌王健攻建德，驃騎大將軍、樂平王丕攻冀陽，皆拔之，虜獲生口，班賜將士各有差。 九月乙卯，車駕西還。 徙營丘、成周、遼東、樂浪、帶方、玄菟六郡民三萬家于幽州，開倉以賑之。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiwei, the court reached the Ru River. On gengshen he ordered Xi Jin, General Who Pacifies the East and Duke of Yicheng, to raise the people of You and more than ten thousand Miyun Dingling with siege gear by the southern road to Helong. Reaching Liaoxi, Wentong sent Cui Pin with cattle and wine. On jisi the court reached Helong and stood before the walls. Li Chong of Shicheng, Wang Rong of Jiande, and more than ten districts submitted; thirty thousand of their people dug siege trenches. That month the Eastern Palace was built. On jiaxu of the eighth month Wentong sent tens of thousands to fight; Yuan Qiu and Yuan Qi broke them and killed more than ten thousand. Gao Shao, Wentong's Master of Writing, held a Qiang-Hu fort with more than ten thousand households. On jimao the court attacked Shao; on xinsi he was beheaded. He Duoluo took Murong Xuan at Hou Fort; Prince Jian of Yongchang took Jiande; Prince Pi of Leping took Jiyang; captives were divided among the troops by merit. On yimao of the ninth month the court turned west. Thirty thousand households from six northeastern commands were moved to You; granaries were opened for relief.
50
冬十月癸酉，車駕至濡水。 吐谷渾慕璝遣使朝貢。 十有一月乙巳，車駕至自伐和龍。 十有二月己丑，馮文通長樂公崇及其母弟朗、朗弟邈，以遼西內屬。 文通遣將封羽圍遼西。
On guiyou of the tenth month of winter the court reached the Ru River. Murong Mugui sent tribute. On yisi of the eleventh month the court returned from Helong. On jichou Feng Chong of Changle, his mother, Lang, and Miao brought Liaoxi over. Wentong sent Feng Yu to besiege Liaoxi.
51
先是，辟召賢良，而州郡多逼遣之。 詔曰：「朕除偽平暴，征討累年，思得英賢，緝熙治道，故詔州郡搜揚隱逸，進舉賢俊。 古之君子，養志衡門，德成業就，才為世使。 或雍容雅步，三命而後至； 或棲棲遑遑，負鼎而自達。 雖徇尚不同，濟時一也。 諸召人皆當以禮申諭，任其進退，何逼遣之有也！ 此刺史、守宰宣揚失旨，豈復光益，乃所以彰朕不德。 自今以後，各令鄉閭推舉，守宰但宣朕虛心求賢之意。 既至，當待以不次之舉，隨才文武，任之政事。 其明宣敕，咸使聞知。」
Earlier worthies had been summoned, but local officials often forced them out. An edict said: "We have fought for years seeking able men to govern; provinces were told to find the hidden and promote talent. Men of old kept their will at home; when ready, they served the state. Some came slowly, only after repeated calls; others hurried forward bearing the cauldron themselves. Different paths served the same end. Every summoned man shall be told with full courtesy and left free to come or go—why compel them? These governors have misrepresented Our intent and shown Our lack of virtue rather than Our praise. Henceforth let communities recommend; officials need only announce Our search for talent. On arrival they shall be raised without waiting for routine rank and set to civil or military office as fit. Let this edict be proclaimed until all have heard."
52
是年，禿髮傉檀子保周棄沮渠蒙遜來奔，以保周為張掖公。
That year Baozhou, son of Tufa Rutan, fled from Juqu Mengxun and was made Duke of Zhangye.
53
二年春正月乙卯，撫軍大將軍、永昌王健督諸軍救遼西。 丙寅，以樂安王範為假節、加侍中、都督秦雍涇梁益五州諸軍事、衞大將軍、儀同三司，鎮長安。 二月庚午，詔兼鴻臚卿李繼，持節假馮崇車騎大將軍、遼西王，承制聽置尚書已下； 賜崇功臣爵秩各有差。 征西將軍金崖與安定鎮將延普及涇州刺史狄子玉爭權構隙，舉兵攻普，不克，退保胡空谷，驅掠平民，據險自固。 詔散騎常侍、平西將軍、安定鎮將陸俟討獲之。 壬午，行幸河西。 詔兼散騎常侍宋宣使於劉義隆。 丙申，馮崇母弟朗來朝。 三月，司馬德宗驃騎將軍司馬元顯子天助來降。 壬子，車駕還宮。
In the second year, first month of spring, on yimao Prince Jian of Yongchang led the armies to save Liaoxi. On bingyin Fan, Prince of Le'an, was given western command and garrisoned Chang'an. On gengwu Li Ji was sent to invest Feng Chong as King of Liaoxi with power to staff his court; Chong and his followers were enfeoffed by merit. Jin Ya, General Who Conquers the West, quarreled with Yanpu of Anding and Di Ziyu of Jing; failing to win, they held Hukong Valley, looted civilians, and fortified the heights. He ordered Lu Si, Attendant Cadet and commander of Anding, to take them. On renwu he went to Hexi. He ordered Song Xuan, Concurrent Attendant Cadet, to Liu Yilong. On bingshen Lang, Feng Chong's brother, came to court. In the third month Tian Zhu, son of Sima Yuanxian, came over from the Jin court. On renzi the court returned to the capital.
54
夏五月己亥，行幸山北。 六月，遣撫軍大將軍、永昌王健，尚書左僕射安原督諸軍討和龍。 將軍樓勃別將五千騎圍凡城，[4]文通守將封羽以城降，收其民三千餘家。 辛巳，詔樂安王範發秦、雍兵一萬人，築小城於長安城內。
On jihai of the fifth month of summer he went north of the mountains. In the sixth month Prince Jian of Yongchang and An Yuan led the armies against Helong. Lou Bo led five thousand horse to besiege Fancheng; [4] Feng Yu, Wentong's commander, surrendered the city and more than three thousand households were taken. On xinsi he ordered Fan, Prince of Le'an, to raise ten thousand men of Qin and Yong and build an inner citadel at Chang'an.
55
秋八月，遼西王馮崇上表，求說降其父，帝不聽。 九月，劉義隆遣使朝貢，奉馴象一。 戊午，詔兼大鴻臚卿崔賾持節拜征虜將軍楊難當為征南大將軍、儀同三司，封南秦王。
In the eighth month of autumn Feng Chong asked leave to persuade his father to submit; the emperor refused. In the ninth month Liu Yilong sent tribute, including a trained elephant. On wuwu Cui Yi invested Yang Nachang as King of Southern Qin with rank equal to the Three Excellencies.
56
冬十月，南秦王楊難當率眾圍漢中。 十有一月甲寅，車駕自山北還宮。 十有二月己巳，大赦天下。 辛未，幸陰山之北。 隴西休屠王弘祖率眾內屬。 金崖既死，部人立崖從弟當川領其眾。 詔兼散騎常侍盧玄使於劉義隆。
In the tenth month of winter Yang Nachang, King of Southern Qin, besieged Hanzhong. On jiayin of the eleventh month the court returned from the northern mountains. On jisi of the twelfth month he granted amnesty to the empire. On xinwei he went north of the Yin Mountains. Hong Zu, Xiutu king in Longxi, submitted with his people. After Jin Ya died his people set his cousin Dangchuan over them. He ordered Lu Xuan, Concurrent Attendant Cadet, to Liu Yilong.
57
是歲，沮渠蒙遜死，以其子牧犍為車騎將軍，改封河西王。
That year Juqu Mengxun died; his son Mujian became General of Chariots and Cavalry and King of Hexi.
58
三年春正月乙未，車駕次于女水，大饗羣臣，班賜各有差。 戊戌，馮文通遣其給事黃門侍郎伊臣乞和，帝不許。 丙辰，金當川反。 楊難當克漢中，送雍州流民七千家于長安。 二月丁卯，蠕蠕吳提奉其妹，并遣其異母兄禿鹿傀及左右數百人朝貢，獻馬二千匹。
In the third year, first month of spring, on yimao the court halted at Nüshui, feasted the ministers, and gave rewards by rank. On wuxu Wentong sent Yichen to sue for peace; the emperor refused. On bingchen Dangchuan rebelled. Yang Nachang took Hanzhong and sent seven thousand refugees from Yong to Chang'an. On dingmao of the second month Wuti of the Rouran sent his sister, his half-brother Tulu Gui, and hundreds of attendants with two thousand horses.
59
戊寅，詔曰：「朕承統之始，羣凶縱逸，四方未賓，所在逆僭。 蠕蠕陸梁於漠北，鐵弗肆虐於三秦。 是以旰食忘寢，抵掌扼腕，期在掃清逋殘，寧濟萬宇。 故頻年屢征，有事西北，運輸之役，百姓勤勞，廢失農業，遭離水旱，致使生民貧富不均，未得家給人足，或有寒窮不能自贍者，朕甚愍焉。 今四方順軌，兵革漸寧，宜寬徭賦，與民休息。 其令州郡縣隱括貧富，以為三級，其富者租賦如常，中者復二年，下窮者復三年。 刺史守宰當務盡平當，不得阿容以罔政治。 明相宣約，咸使聞知。」 辛卯，車駕還宮。
On wuyin an edict said: "When We began to rule, rebels ran wild and the four quarters would not submit. The Rouran lorded the northern desert; the Tiefe ravaged the three Qins. We ate late and slept little, bent on clearing the remnant rebels and pacifying the realm. Years of northwestern war and transport broke the farmers; flood and drought followed; rich and poor diverged and some could not live—We grieve for them. Now the realm is orderly and arms are still; levies should be light and the people rested. Let every district rank wealth in three grades: the rich pay as before, the middle are exempt two years, the poorest three. Governors must be fair and must not flatter to cheat the law. Proclaim this until all have heard." On xinmao the court returned to the capital.
60
三月甲寅，行幸河西。 閏月甲戌，秦王赫連昌叛走。 丙子，河西候將格殺之。 驗其謀反，羣弟皆伏誅。 己卯，車駕還宮。 彭城公元栗進爵為王。 辛巳，馮文通遣尚書高顒上表稱蕃，詔徵其侍子。 戊子，金當川率其眾圍西川侯彭文暉於陰密。
On jiayin of the third month he went to Hexi. On jiaxu of the intercalary month Helian Chang rebelled and fled. On bingzi the Hexi garrison killed him. The plot proved true; all his brothers were put to death. On jimao the court returned to the capital. Yuan Li, Duke of Pengcheng, was raised to prince. On xinsi Wentong sent Gao Yong to submit as vassal; the court summoned his heir. On wuzi Dangchuan besieged Peng Wenhui, Marquis of Xichuan, at Yinmi.
61
夏四月乙未，詔征西大將軍常山王素討當川。 丁未，行幸河西。 壬戌，獲當川，斬之于長安以徇。 六月甲辰，車駕還宮。 辛亥，撫軍大將軍、永昌王健，司空、汝陰公長孫道生，侍中古弼，督諸軍討和龍。 芟其禾稼。 徙民而還。
On yimao of the fourth month of summer he ordered Prince Su of Changshan against Dangchuan. On dingwei he went to Hexi. On renxu Dangchuan was taken and beheaded at Chang'an. On jiachen of the sixth month the court returned to the capital. On xinhai Prince Jian, Changsun Daosheng, and Gu Bi led the armies against Helong. They destroyed the crops. They relocated the people and withdrew.
62
秋七月辛巳，東宮成，備置屯衞，三分西宮之一。 壬午，行幸美稷，遂至隰城。 命諸軍討山胡白龍于西河。 九月戊子，克之，斬白龍及其將帥，屠其城。
On xinsi of the seventh month of autumn the Eastern Palace was finished, with a third of the Western Palace's guard. On renwu he went to Meiji and on to Xicheng. He ordered the armies against Bai Long of the Mountain Hu in Xihe. On wuzi of the ninth month Bai Long was taken, he and his officers beheaded, and the city sacked.
63
冬十月癸巳，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 甲午，破白龍餘黨于五原。 詔山胡為白龍所逼及歸降者，聽為平民。 諸與白龍同惡，斬數千人，虜其妻子，班賜將士各有差。 十有一月，車駕還宮。 十有二月甲辰，行幸雲中。
On guisi of the tenth month of winter the Rouran sent tribute. On jiawu Bai Long's remnant was broken at Wuyuan. Mountain Hu coerced by Bai Long or who submitted were made commoners. Bai Long's accomplices were beheaded by the thousands; families were taken and given to the troops by merit. In the eleventh month the court returned to the capital. On jiachen of the twelfth month he went to Yunzhong.
64
太延元年春正月壬午，降死刑已下各一等。 癸未，出太祖、太宗宮人，令得嫁。 甲申，大赦，改年。 二月庚子，蠕蠕、焉耆、車師諸國各遣使朝獻。 詔長安及平涼民徙在京師，其孤老不能自存者，聽還鄉里。 丁未，車駕還宮。 三月癸亥，馮文通遣大將渴燭通朝獻，辭以子疾。
In the first year of Taiyan, first month of spring, on renwu capital punishment and below were reduced one degree. On guiwei palace women of Taizu and Taizong were freed to marry. On jiashen he granted amnesty and changed the reign title. On gengzi of the second month the Rouran, Yanqi, Cheshi, and others sent tribute. Those moved from Chang'an and Pingliang who were old and helpless might return home. On dingwei the court returned to the capital. On renhai of the third month Wentong sent Kezhuo Tong with tribute, pleading his son's illness.
65
夏五月庚申，進宜都公穆壽為宜都王，汝陰公長孫道生為上黨王，宜城公奚斤為恒農王，廣陵公樓伏連為廣陵王，本官各如故。 遣使者二十輩使西域。 甲戌，行幸雲中。 [5]
On gengshen of the fifth month Mu Shou, Changsun Daosheng, Xi Jin, and Lou Fulian were raised to princely rank. Twenty envoys were sent to the Western Regions. On jiaxu he went to Yunzhong. The text is deficient.
66
六月甲午，詔曰：「頃者寇逆消除，方表漸晏，思崇政化，敷洪治道，是以屢詔有司，班宣恩惠，綏理百揆。 羣公卿士師尹牧守，或未盡導揚之美，致令陰陽失序，和氣不平，去春小旱，東作不茂。 憂勤克己，祈請靈祇，上下咸秩。 豈朕精誠有感，何報應之速，雲雨震灑，流澤霑渥。 有鄙婦人持方寸玉印，詣潞縣侯孫家，既而亡去，莫知所在。 玉色鮮白，光照內映。 印有三字，為龍鳥之形，要妙奇巧，不類人迹，文曰『旱疫平』。 推尋其理，蓋神靈之報應也。 朕用嘉焉。 比者已來，禎瑞仍臻：所在甘露流液，降於殿內； 嘉瓜合蔕，生于中山； 野木連理，殖於魏郡，在先后載誕之鄉； 白燕集于盛樂舊都，玄鳥隨之，蓋有千數； 嘉禾頻歲合秀於恒農； 白雉、白兔並見於勃海，白雉三隻又集於平陽太祖之廟。 天降嘉貺，將何德以酬之。 所以內省驚震，欣懼交懷。 其令天下大酺五日，禮報百神，守宰祭界內名山大川，上答天意，以求福祿。」 丙午，高麗、鄯善國並遣使朝獻。 戊申，詔驃騎大將軍、樂平王丕等五將率騎四萬東伐文通。
On jiawu of the sixth month an edict said: "Rebels are gone and the borders calm; We mean to govern well and have often ordered offices to proclaim favor. Ministers and magistrates may not have done their part; yin and yang were out of balance; last spring's drought hurt the eastern crops. We disciplined Ourselves and prayed; order was restored above and below. Perhaps Our sincerity was heard—rain fell at once and soaked the land. A woman brought a small jade seal to Marquis Sun of Lu county, then vanished without trace. The stone was bright white and luminous within. Three characters in dragon-bird script read, 'Drought and plague pacified.'" This was surely the spirits' answer. We rejoice at it. Lately omens have multiplied: sweet dew fell in the halls; fine melons with joined stems grew in Zhongshan; joined trees grew in Wei commandery, birthplace of the empresses; white swallows gathered at old Shengle and dark birds followed by the thousand; fine grain doubled its ears for years in Hengnong; white pheasants and hares appeared in Bohai; three white pheasants gathered at Taizu's temple in Pingyang. Heaven gives such gifts—what virtue can repay them? We look within in awe, joy and fear together. Let the empire feast five days; officials sacrifice famous mountains and rivers to answer Heaven and seek blessing." On bingwu Gaoli and Shanshan sent tribute. On wushen he ordered Prince Pi of Leping and five generals with forty thousand horse east against Wentong.
67
秋七月，田於棝楊。 己卯，丕等至於和龍，徙男女六千口而還。 八月丙戌，遂幸河西。 粟特國遣使朝獻。 九月甲戌，車駕還宮。
In the seventh month of autumn he hunted at Yuyang. On jimao Pi reached Helong, took six thousand people, and returned. On bingxu of the eighth month he went to Hexi. Sogdiana sent tribute. On jiaxu of the ninth month the court returned to the capital.
68
冬十月癸卯，尚書左僕射安原謀反伏誅。 甲辰，行幸定州，次于新城宮。 十有一月乙丑，行幸冀州。 己巳，校獵于廣川。 丙子，行幸鄴，祀密太后廟。 諸所過，對問高年，褒禮賢俊。
On guimao of the tenth month of winter An Yuan plotted rebellion and was put to death. On jiachen he went to Ding and halted at Xincheng Palace. On yichou of the eleventh month he went to Ji. On jisi he hunted at Guangchuan. On bingzi he went to Ye and sacrificed at Empress Mi's temple. Along the route he questioned the elderly and honored the able.
69
十有二月甲申，詔曰：「操持六柄，王者所以統攝； 平政理訟，公卿之所司存； 勸農平賦，宰民之所專急； 盡力三時，黔首之所克濟。 各修其分，謂之有序，今更不然，何以為治？ 越職侵局，有紊綱紀； 上無定令，民知何從？ 自今以後，亡匿避難，羈旅他鄉，皆當歸還舊居，不問前罪。 民相殺害，牧守依法平決，不聽私輒報復，敢有報者，[6]誅及宗族； 隣伍相助，與同罪。 州郡縣不得妄遣吏卒，煩擾民庶。 若有發調，縣宰集鄉邑三老計貲定課，裒多益寡，九品混通，不得縱富督貧，避強侵弱。 太守覆檢能否，覈其殿最，列言屬州。 刺史明考優劣，抑退姦吏，升進貞良，歲盡舉課上臺。 牧守荷治民之任，當宣揚恩化，奉順憲典，與國同憂，直道正身，肅居官次，不亦善乎？」 癸卯，遣使者以太牢祀北岳。
On jiashen of the twelfth month an edict said: "The six handles are how a king rules; settling suits is for ministers; encouraging farming and fair taxes is for those who rule the people; the people must labor through the seasons. Each should keep his place—that is order; now it is not—how can there be government? Overstepping office breaks the law; If the throne gives no fixed order, what can the people follow? From now fugitives and wanderers shall return home without penalty for past crimes. Private killing is for magistrates to judge; [6] private revenge brings death to the whole clan; neighbors who help share the guilt. Provinces must not send soldiers to harass the people. When levies come, elders shall fix fair assessments by wealth, mixing grades so the rich cannot crush the poor. Governors shall review work and report to the province. Inspectors shall rank officials, remove the corrupt, promote the good, and report yearly. Governors must teach kindness, obey law, share the state's cares, and keep upright office." On guimao envoys sacrificed at the Northern Peak with the great offering.
70
二年春正月甲寅，車駕還宮。 二月戊子，馮文通遣使朝貢，求送侍子，帝不許。 壬辰，遣使者十餘輩詣高麗、東夷諸國，詔諭之。 三月丙辰，劉義隆遣使朝貢。 辛未，平東將軍娥清、安西將軍古弼，率精騎一萬討馮文通，平州刺史元嬰又率遼西將軍會之。 [7]文通迫急，求救於高麗，高麗使其大將葛蔓盧以步騎二萬人迎文通。 甲戌，以 〈闕〉 鎮虎牢。 [8]
In the second year, first month of spring, on jiayin the court returned to the capital. On wuzi of the second month Wentong asked to send his heir; the emperor refused. On renchen more than ten envoys were sent to Gaoli and the eastern Yi. On bingchen of the third month Liu Yilong sent tribute. On xinwei E Qing and Gu Bi led ten thousand horse against Wentong; Yuan Ying of Ping brought Liaoxi troops to meet them. [7] Wentong, hard pressed, begged Gaoli; Gaoli sent Ge Manlu with twenty thousand men to receive him. On jiaxu, by appointment 〈The text is deficient.〉 He garrisoned Hulao. The text is deficient.
71
夏四月甲申，皇子小兒、苗兒並薨。 五月乙卯，馮文通奔高麗。 戊午，詔散騎常侍封撥使高麗，徵送文通。 丁卯，行幸河西。
On jiashen of the fourth month of summer Princes Xiao'er and Miao'er died. On yimao of the fifth month Wentong fled to Gaoli. On wuwu he sent Feng Bo to Gaoli to demand Wentong. On dingmao he went to Hexi.
72
赫連定之西也，楊難當竊據上邽。 秋七月庚戌，詔驃騎大將軍、樂平王丕等督河西、高平諸軍討之。 詔散騎侍郎、廣平子游雅等使於劉義隆。 八月丁亥，遣使六輩使西域。 帝校獵于河西。 詔廣平公張黎發定州七郡一萬二千人，通莎泉道。 甲辰，高車國遣使朝獻。 九月庚戌，驃騎大將軍樂平王丕等至略陽，難當奉詔攝上邽守。 高麗不送文通，遣使奉表，稱當與文通俱奉王化。 帝以高麗違詔，議將擊之。 納樂平王丕計而止。
After Helian Ding went west, Yang Nachang seized Shanggui. On gengxu of the seventh month of autumn he ordered Prince Pi of Leping against Shanggui. He ordered You Ya, Attendant Cadet and Viscount of Guangping, to Liu Yilong. On dinghai of the eighth month six envoys went to the Western Regions. The emperor hunted in Hexi. He ordered Zhang Li to raise twelve thousand men from seven Ding commands to open the Shaqüan road. On jiachen the Gaoche sent tribute. On gengxu of the ninth month Pi reached Lüeyang; Nachang obeyed and held Shanggui. Gaoli refused to send Wentong but offered to submit with him. The emperor, angered that Gaoli defied the order, considered an attack. He took Prince Pi's counsel and desisted.
73
冬十有一月己酉，行幸棝楊，驅野馬於雲中，置野馬苑。 閏月壬子，車駕還宮。 乙丑，潁川王提改封武昌王。 河西王沮渠牧犍，遣使朝貢。
On jiyou of the eleventh month of winter he went to Yuyang, rounded up wild horses at Yunzhong, and founded the Wild Horse Park. On renzi of the intercalary month the court returned to the capital. On yichou Prince Ti of Yingchuan became Prince of Wuchang. Juqu Mujian, King of Hexi, sent tribute.
74
是歲，吐谷渾慕璝死。
That year Murong Mugui of Tuyuhun died.
75
三年春正月癸未，征東大將軍中山王纂薨。 戊子，太尉、北平王長孫嵩薨。 乙巳，鎮南大將軍、丹陽王叔孫建薨。 二月乙卯，行幸幽州，存恤孤老，問民疾苦； 還幸上谷，遂至代。 所過復田租之半。 高麗、契丹國並遣使朝獻。 三月丁丑，以南平王渾為鎮東大將軍、儀同三司，鎮和龍。 己卯，輿駕還宮。 癸巳，龜茲、悅般、焉耆、車師、粟特、疏勒、烏孫、渴槃陁、鄯善諸國各遣使朝獻。 丁酉，劉義隆遣使朝貢。
On guiwei of the third year, first month of spring, Prince Zuan of Zhongshan died. On wuzi Changsun Song, Grand Tutor and Prince of Beiping, died. On yisi Shusun Jian, Prince of Danyang, died. On yimao of the second month he went to You, comforted the aged and orphans, and asked after the people's hardships; then went to Shanggu and on to Dai. Half the land tax along the route was remitted. Gaoli and the Khitan sent tribute. On dingchou Prince Hun of Nanping was made commander of the east and garrisoned Helong. On jimao the court returned to the capital. On guisi Kucha, Yueban, Yanqi, Cheshi, Sogdiana, Shule, Wusun, Khotan, and Shanshan sent tribute. On dingyou Liu Yilong sent tribute.
76
夏五月己丑，詔曰：「方今寇逆消殄，天下漸晏。 比年以來，屢詔有司，班宣惠政，與民寧息。 而內外羣官及牧守令長，不能憂勤所司，糾察非法，廢公帶私，更相隱置，濁貨為官，政存苟且。 夫法之不用，自上犯之，其令天下吏民，得舉告守令不如法者。」 丙申，行幸雲中。
On jichou of the fifth month of summer an edict said: "Rebels are gone and the realm grows calm. We have often ordered favor and rest for the people. Yet officials and magistrates neglect duty, hide wrongdoing, trade bribes for office, and govern carelessly. Where law fails, the fault is from the top; let anyone report magistrates who break the law." On bingshen he went to Yunzhong.
77
秋七月戊子，使撫軍大將軍、永昌王健，司空、上黨王長孫道生，討山胡白龍餘黨於西河，滅之。 八月甲辰，行幸河西。 九月甲申，車駕還宮。 丁酉，遺使者拜西秦王慕璝弟慕利延為鎮西大將軍、儀同三司，改封西平王。
On wuzi of the seventh month of autumn Prince Jian and Changsun Daosheng destroyed Bai Long's remnant in Xihe. On jiachen of the eighth month he went to Hexi. On jiashen of the ninth month the court returned to the capital. On dingyou envoys invested Muliyan as King of Xiping.
78
冬十月癸卯，行幸雲中。 十有一月壬申，車駕還宮。 甲申，破洛那、者舌國各遣使朝獻，奉汗血馬。
On guimao of the tenth month of winter he went to Yunzhong. On renshen of the eleventh month the court returned to the capital. On jiashen Poluo and Zheshe sent tribute, including blood-sweating horses.
79
是歲，河西王沮渠牧犍世子封壇來朝。
That year Feng Tan, heir of Juqu Mujian, came to court.
80
四年春三月庚辰，鄯善王弟素延耆來朝。 癸未，罷沙門年五十已下。 江陽王根薨。 是月，高麗殺馮文通。
In the fourth year, third month of spring, on gengchen Su Yanqi, brother of the King of Shanshan, came to court. On guiwei monks under fifty were dismissed from orders. Prince Gen of Jiangyang died. That month Gaoli killed Feng Wentong.
81
夏五月戊寅，大赦天下。 丙申，行幸五原。
On wuyin of the fifth month of summer he granted amnesty to the empire. On bingshen he went to Wuyuan.
82
秋七月壬午，車駕北伐。 事具蠕蠕傳。
On renwu of the seventh month of autumn the court marched north. The full account is in the treatise on the Rouran.
83
冬十月乙丑，大饗六軍。 十二月丁巳，車駕至自北伐。 上洛巴泉蕇等相率內附。 詔兼散騎常侍高雅使劉義隆。 [9]
On yichou of the tenth month of winter he feasted the Six Armies. On dingsi of the twelfth month the court returned from the north. Tan and others of Ba Springs in Shangluo submitted together. He ordered Gao Ya, Concurrent Attendant Cadet, to Liu Yilong. The text is deficient.
84
五年春正月庚寅，行幸定州。 三月丁卯，詔衞大將軍、樂安王範遣雍州刺史葛那取上洛，劉義隆上洛太守鐔長生棄郡走。 辛未，車駕還宮。 庚寅，以故南秦王世子楊保宗為征南大將軍、秦州牧、武都王，鎮上邽。
In the fifth year, first month of spring, on gengyin he went to Ding. On dingmao he ordered Fan to send Ge Na against Shangluo; Tan Changsheng fled. On xinwei the court returned to the capital. On gengyin Yang Baozong, former heir of Southern Qin, was made King of Wudu and garrisoned Shanggui.
85
夏四月丁酉，鄯善、龜茲、疏勒、焉耆諸國遣使朝獻。 五月丁丑，治兵於西郊。 癸未，遮逸國獻汗血馬。 六月甲辰，車駕西討沮渠牧犍，侍中、宜都王穆壽輔皇太子決留臺事； 大將軍、長樂王嵇敬，輔國大將軍、建寧王崇二萬人屯漠南，以備蠕蠕。
On dingyou of the fourth month of summer Shanshan, Kucha, Shule, and Yanqi sent tribute. On dingchou of the fifth month the army was drilled at the western suburb. On guiwei Zheyi presented blood-sweating horses. On jiachen of the sixth month the court marched west against Juqu Mujian; Mu Shou, Prince of Yidu, assisted the crown prince at the capital; Ji Jing of Changle and Prince Chong of Jianning with twenty thousand camped south against the Rouran.
86
秋七月己巳，車駕至上郡屬國城，大饗羣臣，講武馬射。 壬午，留輜重，分部諸軍：撫軍大將軍、永昌王健，尚書令、鉅鹿公劉潔督諸軍，[10]與常山王素二道並進，為前鋒； 驃騎大將軍、樂平王丕，太宰、陽平王杜超，督平涼、鄜城諸軍為後繼。 八月甲午，永昌王健獲牧犍牛馬畜產二十餘萬。 牧犍遣弟董來率萬餘人拒戰於城南，望塵退走。 丙申，車駕至姑臧，牧犍兄子祖踰城來降，乃分軍圍之。 九月丙戌，牧犍兄子萬年率麾下來降。 是日，牧犍與左右文武五千人面縛軍門，帝解其縛，待以藩臣之禮。 收其城內戶口二十餘萬，倉庫珍寶不可稱計。 進張掖公禿髮保周爵為王，與龍驤將軍穆羆、安遠將軍源賀分略諸郡，雜人降者亦數十萬。 牧犍弟張掖太守宜得，燒倉庫，西奔酒泉； 樂都太守安周南奔吐谷渾。 遣鎮南將軍奚眷討張掖，遂至酒泉，牧犍弟酒泉太守無諱及宜得復奔晉昌。 使弋陽公元潔守酒泉。 鎮北將軍封沓討樂都，掠數千家而還。 班賜將士各有差。 戊子，蠕蠕犯塞，遂至七介山，京師大駭。 皇太子命上黨王長孫道生等拒之。 事具蠕蠕傳。
On jisi of the seventh month of autumn the court reached Shuguo in Shang, feasted the ministers, and held mounted archery. On renwu baggage was left behind; Prince Jian and Liu Jie led the armies, [10] advancing with Prince Su of Changshan in two columns as vanguard; Prince Pi of Leping and Du Chao of Yangping followed with the Pingliang and Fucheng forces. On jiawu of the eighth month Prince Jian took more than two hundred thousand head from Mujian. Mujian's brother Donglai met them south of the city with ten thousand men and fled at the dust. On bingshen the court reached Guzang; Zuyu surrendered over the wall and the army besieged. On bingxu of the ninth month Wannian surrendered with his men. That day Mujian came bound with five thousand followers; the emperor freed him and treated him as a vassal king. More than two hundred thousand households and uncounted treasure were taken. Baozhou of Zhangye was made prince; Mu Pi and Yuan He reduced the districts; hundreds of thousands more submitted. Yide, Zhangye governor and Mujian's brother, burned the stores and fled to Jiuquan; Anzhou of Ledu fled south to Tuyuhun. Xi Juan took Zhangye and reached Jiuquan; Wuwei and Yide fled again to Jinchang. Yuan Jie, Acting Prince of Yiyang, was left to hold Jiuquan. Feng Ta, General Who Guards the North, took Ledu, seized several thousand households, and returned. The generals were rewarded by merit. On wuzi the Rouran raided to Qijie Mountain and the capital was alarmed. The crown prince ordered Changsun Daosheng, Prince of Shangdang, to resist. The full account is in the treatise on the Rouran.
87
冬十月辛酉，車駕東還，徙涼州民三萬餘家于京師。 留驃騎大將軍、樂平王丕，征西將軍賀多羅鎮涼州。 癸亥，遣張掖王禿髮保周諭諸部鮮卑，保周因率諸部叛於張掖。 十有一月乙巳，劉義隆遣使朝獻，并獻馴象一。 是月，高麗及粟特、渴盤陁、破洛那、悉居半諸國各遣使朝獻。 十有二月壬午，車駕至自西伐，飲至策勳，告於宗廟。 楊難當寇上邽，鎮將元勿頭擊走之。
On xinyou of the tenth month of winter the court turned east and moved more than thirty thousand Liang households to the capital. Prince Pi of Leping and He Duoluo were left to hold Liang. On guihai Baozhou was sent to instruct the Xianbei; he rebelled at Zhangye. On yisi of the eleventh month Liu Yilong sent tribute and a trained elephant. That month Gaoli, Sogdiana, Khotan, Poluo, and Xijuban sent tribute. On renwu of the twelfth month the court returned from the west, feasted the victors, and reported to the temple. Yang Nachang raided Shanggui; Yuan Wutou drove him off.
88
是歲，鄯善、龜茲、疏勒、焉耆、高麗、粟特、渴盤陁、破洛那、悉居半等國並遣使朝貢。 [11]
That year Shanshan, Kucha, Shule, Yanqi, Gaoli, Sogdiana, Khotan, Poluo, Xijuban, and others sent tribute. The text is deficient.
89
校勘記
Collation notes
90
八年十一月壬申諸本脫「一」字，據北史卷二魏紀二、御覽卷一０二 〈四八七頁〉 、冊府卷八三 〈九七三頁〉 補。
Eighth year, eleventh month, renshen: all editions omit the character "one"; supplied from Northern History juan 2, Wei Annals 2, and Imperial Readings juan 102 〈p. 487〉 , Cefu juan 83 〈p. 973〉 supplied.
91
昌守將赫連乙升棄城西走北史卷三六薛辯傳見昌將「東平公乙兠」，這裏「升」當是「斗」之訛，但卷二九奚斤傳亦作「乙升」，今不改。
Chang's commander Helian Yisheng abandoned the city and fled west: Northern History juan 36, Xue Bian's biography, has Dongping Duke Yi Dou; here "Sheng" is likely for "Dou," but Xi Jin's biography juan 29 also has Yi Sheng—left unchanged.
92
西奔上邽據張元濟校勘記，百衲本的底本「上邽」作「上封」，百衲本據他本改。 按魏避拓跋珪諱，改「上邽」為「上封」，見卷一０六下地形志下秦州天水郡上封條。 本書作「上邽」者皆後人所改。 但「上邽」乃漢以來的舊名，上封只行於北魏，今不回改。
Fled west to Shanggui: Zhang Yuanji notes the Baizha base text had "Shangfeng" for "Shanggui"; Baizha followed other editions. Wei taboo avoided Tuoba Gui and changed "Shanggui" to "Shangfeng," per Geography juan 106b, Tianshui, Shangfeng. Every "Shanggui" in this book was a later restoration. "Shanggui" is the Han name; Shangfeng was Northern Wei only—not reverted.
93
將軍樓勃別將五千騎圍凡城諸本「凡」作「瓦」。 卷九七馮跋傳、通鑑卷一二二 〈三八四九頁〉 作「凡」。 按晉書卷一０九慕容皝載記稱慕容恪敗石虎，恪「築戍凡城而還」。 通鑑系於咸康四年 〈三三八〉 ，以後石虎先後使石成、李農等攻凡城。 通鑑卷一０六 〈三三四九頁〉 晉太元十年 〈三八五〉 記慕容垂「遣慕容農出蠮螉塞，歷凡城，趣龍城」。 凡城又見水經注卷一三灅水篇。 城當自盧龍出塞攻和龍的要道。 這裏「瓦城」是「凡城」之訛，今改正。
General Lou Bo besieged Fancheng: all editions read "tile" for "fan." Juan 97, Feng Ba; Comprehensive Mirror juan 122 〈p. 3849〉 reads "fan." Jin shu juan 109: Murong Ke beat Shi Hu and "built a fort at Fancheng and returned." Comprehensive Mirror places this in Xiankang year 4 〈338〉 ; later Shi Hu sent Shi Cheng, Li Nong, and others against Fancheng repeatedly. Comprehensive Mirror juan 106 〈p. 3349〉 Jin Taiyuan year 10 〈385〉 records Murong Chui sending Murong Nong through Fancheng toward Longcheng. Fancheng also appears in Shui jing zhu juan 13, Rao River. The city lay on the road from Lulong toward Helong. Here "tile city" is an error for Fancheng—now corrected.
94
甲戌行幸雲中冊府卷一二四 〈一四八三頁〉 記本年「五月丁丑治兵于西郊」。 當是此條下脫文。
On jiaxu traveled to Yunzhong: Cefu juan 124 〈p. 1483〉 records this year "fifth month dingchou, drilled troops at the western suburb." Text is missing under that entry.
95
不聽私輒報復敢有報者諸本脫「復敢有報」四字，據冊府卷一五六 〈一八八九頁〉 、卷六三五 〈七六一五頁〉 補。
Not permitting private revenge—whoever dares revenge: all editions omit "revenge, whoever dares revenge"; supplied from Cefu juan 156 〈p. 1889〉 , juan 635 〈page 7615〉 supplied.
96
平州刺史元嬰又率遼西將軍會之張森楷云：「『又』當作『文』，神元子孫傳 〈卷一四〉 有建德公嬰文以護東夷校尉鎮遼西者，當即其人。」 張說有據。 但通鑑卷一二三 〈三八六一頁〉 「元嬰」作「拓跋嬰」。 由於這時未改漢姓，所以通鑑改「元」為「拓跋」，却仍單稱「嬰」，則司馬光所見魏書與傳本同，今不改。 又通鑑「將軍」作「諸軍」，按文義作「諸軍」是。
Governor of Ping Yuan Ying also led Liaoxi generals: Zhang Senkai says "also" should be "Wen"; in the Shenyuan imperial clan genealogy 〈juan 14〉 there is Duke of Jiande Ying Wen, Protector of the Eastern Yi at Liaoxi—surely he. Zhang's view has support. But Comprehensive Mirror juan 123 〈p. 3861〉 has "Yuan Ying" as "Tuoba Ying." Han surnames were not yet used; the Mirror writes "Tuoba Ying" but still only "Ying"—Sima Guang's text matched ours; not changed. In the Mirror "general" is "generals"—by sense correct.
97
甲戌以闕鎮虎牢按卷一六淮南王他傳稱「除使持節、都督豫洛河南諸軍事、鎮南大將軍、開府儀同三司，鎮虎牢」。 記於延和三年 〈四三四〉 ，他隨拓跋燾鎮壓山胡白龍起義後。 時間大致相符，疑這裏缺的是以淮南王他為某官等字。
On jiaxu, lacuna, garrison Hulao: juan 16, Prince Huainan Ta, was made commander of Yu, Luo, and Henan, General Who Guards the South, garrisoning Hulao. Recorded in Yanhe year 3 〈434〉 , after he followed Tuoba Tao against Bai Long of the Mountain Hu. The date fits; the lacuna likely named Prince Huainan Ta to garrison Hulao.
98
詔兼散騎常侍高雅使劉義隆按卷四八高允傳，弟推，太延中「兼散騎常侍使劉義隆」，即此高雅無疑。 推字仲讓，名字相應，作「雅」乃形近而訛。
Concurrent Attendant Cadet Gao Ya to Liu Yilong: juan 48, Gao Yun—brother Tui in Taiyan was Concurrent Attendant Cadet to Liu Yilong; this must be Gao Ya. Tui styled Zhongrang; "Ya" is a graphic error for Tui.
99
撫軍大將軍永昌王健尚書令鉅鹿公劉潔督諸軍諸本無「督」字，據冊府卷一一六 〈一三八八頁〉 補。
Prince Jian and Liu Jie directed the armies: all editions lack "direct"; supplied from Cefu juan 116 〈p. 1388〉 supplied.
100
是歲鄯善龜茲 〈至〉 悉居半等國並遣使朝貢按凡稱「是歲」云云，都是分月記載所未及。 這裏所記鄯善等國，事皆見上四月及十一月，何須又於歲末記載。 疑是後人據北史卷二妄增。
That year Shanshan, Kucha 〈to〉 Xijuban and others sent tribute: "that year" marks what monthly entries omitted. Shanshan and the rest already appear in the fourth and eleventh months—why repeat at year's end? Likely a later addition from Northern History juan 2.