1
太平真君元年春正月己酉，沮渠無諱圍酒泉。 辛亥，分遣侍臣巡行州郡，觀察風俗，問民疾苦。 壬子，無諱誘執弋陽公元潔。 二月己巳，詔假通直常侍邢穎使於劉義隆。 發長安五千人浚昆明池。 三月，酒泉陷。
In the first year of Taiping Zhenjun, on the jiyou day of the first month of spring, Juqu Wuhui besieged Jiuquan. On the xinhai day he sent courtiers through the provinces to observe customs and hear the people's grievances. On the renzi day Wuhui tricked and captured Yuan Jie, Prince of Yiyang. In the second month, on the jisi day, he ordered Xing Ying, Acting Palace Attendant of Unbroken Communication, as envoy to Liu Yilong. Five thousand men were sent from Chang'an to dredge Kunming Pool. In the third month Jiuquan was taken.
2
夏四月庚辰，無諱寇張掖，禿髮保周屯于刪丹。 丙戌，詔撫軍大將軍、永昌王健等督諸軍討保周。 五月辛卯，行幸北部。 乙巳，無諱復圍張掖，不克，退還。 丙辰，車駕還宮。 六月丁丑，皇孫濬生，大赦，改年。
In the fourth month of summer, on the gengchen day, Wuhui attacked Zhangye while Tufa Baozhou camped at Shandan. On the bingxu day he ordered Jian, Prince of Yongchang, General Who Pacifies the Army, and others to lead the armies against Baozhou. On the xinmao day of the fifth month the emperor went to the northern frontier. On the yisi day Wuhui again besieged Zhangye, failed, and retreated. On the bingchen day the court returned to the capital. On the dingchou day of the sixth month the imperial grandson Jun was born; there was a general amnesty and a new reign title.
3
秋七月，行幸陰山。 己丑，永昌王健至番禾，破保周，保周遁走。 丙申，皇太后竇氏崩于行宮。 癸丑，保周自殺，傳首京師。 八月甲申，無諱降，送弋陽公元潔及諸將士。 九月壬寅，車駕還宮。
In the seventh month of autumn the emperor went to Yinshan. On the jichou day Jian, Prince of Yongchang, reached Fanhe, broke Baozhou, and Baozhou fled. On the bingshen day the Empress Dowager, Lady Dou, died at the traveling palace. On the guichou day Baozhou took his own life and his head was sent to the capital. In the eighth month, on the jiashen day, Wuhui surrendered and delivered Yuan Jie, Prince of Yiyang, with the officers and troops. In the ninth month, on the renyin day, the court returned to the capital.
4
冬十有一月丁亥，行幸山北。 十二月，車駕還宮。
In the eleventh month of winter, on the dinghai day, the emperor went north of the mountains. In the twelfth month the court returned to the capital.
5
是歲，州鎮十五民飢，開倉賑恤。 以河南王曜子羯兒為河間王，後改封略陽王。
That year fifteen provinces and garrisons knew famine; the storehouses were opened for relief. Jie'er, son of Yao, Prince of Henan, was made Prince of Hejian and later Prince of Lueyang.
6
二年春正月癸卯，拜沮渠無諱為征西大將軍、涼州牧、酒泉王。 甲辰，行幸溫泉。 二月壬戌，車駕還宮。 三月辛卯，葬惠太后於崞山。 庚戌，新興王俊、略陽王羯兒有罪，並黜為公。 辛亥，封蠕蠕郁久閭乞列歸為朔方王，沮渠萬年為張掖王。
In the second year, on the guimao day of the first month of spring, Juqu Wuhui was made General Who Conquers the West, Governor of Liangzhou, and King of Jiuquan. On the jiachen day the emperor went to the hot springs. In the second month, on the renxu day, the court returned to the capital. In the third month, on the xinmao day, Empress Dowager Hui was buried at Mount Guo. On the gengxu day Jun, Prince of Xinxing, and Jie'er, Prince of Lueyang, were found guilty and both reduced to duke. On the xinhai day Yujiulü Qieliegui of the Rouran was made King of Shuofang and Juqu Wannian King of Zhangye.
7
夏四月丁巳，劉義隆遣使朝貢。 庚辰，詔鎮南將軍、南陽公奚眷征酒泉。 五月辛卯，行幸山北。
In the fourth month of summer, on the dingsi day, Liu Yilong sent envoys with tribute. On the gengchen day he ordered Xi Juan, Duke of Nanyang, General Who Guards the South, against Jiuquan. On the xinmao day of the fifth month the emperor went north of the mountains.
8
秋八月辛亥，詔散騎侍郎張偉等使劉義隆。 行幸河西。 九月戊戌，撫軍大將軍、永昌王健薨。
In the eighth month of autumn, on the xinhai day, he ordered Zhang Wei, Palace Attendant, and others as envoys to Liu Yilong. The emperor went to Hexi. In the ninth month, on the wuxu day, Jian, Prince of Yongchang, died.
9
冬十有一月庚子，鎮南將軍奚眷平酒泉，獲沮渠天周、臧嗟、屈德，男女四千口。 十有二月甲戌，車駕還宮。 丙午，劉義隆遣使朝貢。
In the eleventh month of winter, on the gengzi day, Xi Juan pacified Jiuquan and took Juqu Tianzhou, Zang Jie, and Qu De, with four thousand captives. In the twelfth month, on the jiaxu day, the court returned to the capital. On the bingwu day Liu Yilong sent envoys with tribute.
10
三年春正月甲申，帝至道壇，親受符籙，備法駕，旗幟盡青。 語在釋老志。 三月壬寅，北平王長孫頹有罪，削爵為侯。
In the third year, on the jiashen day of the first month of spring, the Emperor came to the Dao altar, received talismans in person, and used full regalia with green banners and flags. The account is in the treatise on Buddhism and Daoism. In the third month, on the renyin day, Tui, Prince of Beiping, was found guilty and reduced to marquis.
11
夏四月，無諱走渡流沙，據鄯善。 李暠孫寶據敦煌，遣使內附。 五月，[1]行幸陰山之北。 閏月，劉義隆龍驤將軍裴方明、梁州刺史劉康祖寇南秦，南秦王楊難當敗，奔於上邽。 六月丙戌，難當朝於行宮。 先是，起殿於陰山之北，殿始成而難當至，因名曰廣德焉。
In the fourth month of summer Wuhui fled across the shifting sands and seized Shanshan. Bao, grandson of Li Gao, held Dunhuang and sent envoys to submit. In the fifth month, [1] the emperor went north of Yinshan. In the intercalary month Pei Fangming, Liu Yilong's General of Dragon Agility, and Liu Kangzu, Inspector of Liangzhou, invaded Southern Qin; Yang Dandang, king of Southern Qin, was beaten and fled to Shanggui. On the bingxu day of the sixth month Dandang came to court at the traveling palace. A hall had already been built north of Yinshan; when it was finished Dandang arrived, and the hall was named Broad Virtue.
12
秋七月丙寅，詔安西將軍、建興公古弼督隴右諸軍及殿中虎賁與武都王楊保宗等從祁山南入，征西將軍、淮陽公皮豹子與琅邪王司馬楚之等督關中諸軍從散關西入，俱會仇池； 鬱林公司馬文思為征南大將軍，進爵譙王，督洛豫諸軍事南趣襄陽； 征南將軍東安公刁雍東趣廣陵，邀方明歸路。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the bingyin day, he ordered Gu Bi, Duke of Jianxing, General Who Pacifies the West, with the Longyou armies and palace guards and Yang Baozong, Prince of Wudu, south from Qishan; Pi Baozi, Duke of Huaiyang, General Who Conquers the West, with Sima Chuzhi, Prince of Langye, and the Guanzhong armies west from Sanguan—all to join at Chouchi; Sima Wensi, Duke of Yulin, was made General Who Conquers the South, advanced to Prince of Qiao, and commanded Luo and Yu, marching south on Xiangyang; Diao Yong, Duke of Dong'an, General Who Conquers the South, marched east on Guangling to block Fangming's retreat.
13
四年春正月己巳，征西將軍皮豹子等大破劉義隆將於樂鄉，擒其將王奐之、王長卿等，強玄明、辛伯奮棄下辨遁走，追斬之，盡虜其眾。 庚午，行幸中山。 二月丙子，車駕至于恒山之陽，詔有司刊石勒銘。 是月，克仇池。 三月庚申，車駕還宮。 壬戌，烏洛侯國遣使朝貢。
In the fourth year, on the jisi day of the first month of spring, Pi Baozi and the western army routed Liu Yilong's generals at Lexiang, taking Wang Huanzhi and Wang Changqing; Qiang Xuanming and Xin Bofen fled from Xiabian, were run down and killed, and their forces were wholly captured. On the gengwu day the emperor went to Zhongshan. In the second month, on the bingzi day, the court reached the south of Mount Heng and ordered stone carved with an inscription. That month Chouchi fell. In the third month, on the gengshen day, the court returned to the capital. On the renxu day the state of Wuluohou sent envoys with tribute.
14
夏四月，武都王楊保宗謀反，諸將擒送京師； 諸氐、羌復推保宗弟文德為主，圍仇池。 丁酉，大赦天下。 己亥，行幸陰山。 五月，將軍古弼大破諸氐，解仇池圍。 六月庚寅，詔曰：「朕承天子民，憂理萬國，欲令百姓家給人足，興於禮義。 而牧守令宰不能助朕宣揚恩德，勤恤民隱，至乃侵奪其產，加以殘虐，非所以為治也。 今復民貲賦三年，其田租歲輸如常。 牧守之徒，各厲精為治，勸課農桑，不聽妄有徵發，有司彈糾，勿有所縱。」 癸巳，大閱于西郊。
In the fourth month of summer Yang Baozong, Prince of Wudu, plotted rebellion; the generals seized him and sent him to the capital; the Di and Qiang again made Wendé, Baozong's younger brother, their leader and besieged Chouchi. On the dingyou day there was a general amnesty. On the jihai day the emperor went to Yinshan. In the fifth month Gu Bi routed the Di and raised the siege of Chouchi. On the gengyin day of the sixth month an edict declared: "We have received Heaven's charge and worry over the myriad realms, wishing every household full and every person provided for, and to raise ritual and righteousness. Yet governors and magistrates do not help Us spread grace or tend the people's hardships; they seize their goods and add cruelty—this is not governance. We now remit property levies for three years; field tax shall still be paid yearly as usual. Governors must govern diligently, encourage farming, and issue no rash levies; the offices shall impeach and not indulge. On guisi a great review was held at the western suburb.
15
秋九月辛丑，行幸漠南。 甲辰，捨輜重，以輕騎襲蠕蠕，分軍為四道。 事具蠕蠕傳。 鎮北將軍封沓亡入蠕蠕。
In the ninth month of autumn, on the xinchou day, the emperor went to the southern desert. On the jiachen day baggage was left behind and light horse struck the Rouran in four columns. The full account is in the treatise on the Rouran. Feng Da, General Who Guards the North, fled to the Rouran.
16
冬十一月，將軍皮豹子等追破劉義隆將於濁水。 甲子，車駕至於朔方。 詔曰：「朕承祖宗重光之緒，思闡洪基，恢隆萬世。 自經營天下，平暴除亂，掃清不順，二十年矣。 夫陰陽有往復，四時有代謝。 授子任賢，所以休息，優隆功臣，式圖長久，蓋古今不易之令典也。 其令皇太子副理萬機，總統百揆。 諸朕功臣，勤勞日久，皆當以爵歸第，隨時朝請，饗宴朕前，論道陳謨而已，不宜復煩以劇職。 更舉賢俊，以備百官。 主者明為科制，以稱朕心。」 十二月辛卯，車駕至自北伐。
In the eleventh month of winter Pi Baozi and others pursued and defeated Liu Yilong's generals at Zhuoshui. On the jiazi day the court reached Shuofang. An edict declared: "We have received the doubled glory of Our ancestors' foundation and mean to enlarge the great base for ten thousand generations. Since We undertook the realm, pacifying violence and clearing the disobedient, twenty years have passed. Yin and yang turn back; the four seasons succeed one another. To entrust the heir and employ the worthy is to rest; to honor meritorious ministers and plan long duration is the unchanging law of antiquity and today alike. Let the Crown Prince assist in the myriad affairs and oversee all departments. Our long-serving ministers shall each return to their estates, attend when summoned, feast before Us, and counsel only—they should not again bear heavy office. Select worthy men anew for the hundred offices. The responsible offices shall set regulations to match Our mind." In the twelfth month, on the xinmao day, the court returned from the northern campaign.
17
五年春正月壬寅，皇太子始總百揆。 侍中、中書監、宜都王穆壽，司徒、東郡公崔浩，侍中、廣平公張黎，侍中、建興公古弼，輔太子以決庶政。 諸上書者皆稱臣，上疏儀與表同。
In the fifth year, on the renyin day of the first month of spring, the Crown Prince first oversaw all departments. Mu Shou, Prince of Yidu, Palace Attendant and Director of the Secretariat; Cui Hao, Duke of Dongjun, Chancellor of State; Zhang Li, Duke of Guangping, Palace Attendant; and Gu Bi, Duke of Jianxing, Palace Attendant—all assisted the Crown Prince in daily government. All who submitted memorials styled themselves subjects; memorial ritual matched that of formal tables.
18
戊申，詔曰：「愚民無識，信惑妖邪，私養師巫，挾藏讖記、陰陽、圖緯、方伎之書； 又沙門之徒，假西戎虛誕，生致妖孽。 非所以壹齊政化，布淳德於天下也。 自王公已下至於庶人，有私養沙門、師巫及金銀工巧之人在其家者，皆遣詣官曹，不得容匿。 限今年二月十五日，過期不出，師巫、沙門身死，主人門誅。 明相宣告，咸使聞知。」 庚戌，詔曰：「自頃以來，軍國多事，未宣文教，非所以整齊風俗，示軌則於天下也。 今制自王公已下至於卿士，其子息皆詣太學。 其百工伎巧、騶卒子息，當習其父兄所業，不聽私立學校。 違者師身死，主人門誅。」
On the wushen day an edict declared: "The foolish lack understanding, trust demonic heterodoxy, keep shamans privately, and hide prognostic texts, yin-yang charts, weft books, and occult arts; and Buddhist monks, borrowing western fictions, breed demonic harm. This does not unify government and teaching or spread pure virtue through the realm. From princes down to commoners, whoever privately keeps monks, shamans, or gold and silver craftsmen must send them to the offices and may not hide them. The deadline is the fifteenth day of the second month this year; after it, shamans and monks die and the householder's clan is executed. Proclaim this clearly so all may know." On the gengxu day an edict declared: "Lately military affairs have crowded out civil teaching—this does not order customs or show the model to the realm. Now from princes down to ministers, all sons shall attend the Imperial Academy. Sons of artisans, grooms, and runners shall learn their fathers' trades and may not set up private schools. Violators: the teacher dies and the householder's clan is executed."
19
二月辛未，中山王辰等八將，以北伐後期，斬于都南。 癸酉，驃騎大將軍、樂平王丕薨。 庚辰，行幸廬 〈闕〉。 [2]三月戊戌，大會于那南池。 遣使者四輩使西域。 甲辰，車駕還宮。 癸丑，詔征西大將軍、司空、上黨王長孫道生鎮統萬。
In the second month, on the xinwei day, Chen, Prince of Zhongshan, and eight other generals were beheaded south of the capital for lateness after the northern campaign. On the guiyou day Pi, Prince of Leiping, General of Agile Cavalry, died. On the gengchen day the imperial carriage traveled to Lu 〈The text is deficient.〉 In the third month, on the wuxu day, [2] a great assembly was held at the southern pool of Na. Envoys of four missions were sent to the Western Regions. On the jiachen day the court returned to the capital. On the guichou day he ordered Changsun Daosheng, Prince of Shangdang, General Who Conquers the West and Minister of Works, to garrison Tongwan.
20
夏四月乙亥，侍中、太宰、陽平王杜超為帳下所殺。 五月丁酉，行幸陰山之北。 六月，北部民殺立義將軍、衡陽公莫孤，率五千餘落北走。 追擊于漠南，殺其渠帥，餘徙居冀、相、定三州為營戶。 西平王吐谷渾慕利延殺其兄子緯代。 是月，緯代弟叱力延等來奔，乞師。 以叱力延為歸義王。
In the fourth month of summer, on the yihai day, Du Chao, Prince of Yangping, Palace Attendant and Grand Preceptor, was killed by his attendants. On the dingyou day of the fifth month the emperor went north of Yinshan. In the sixth month northern tribesmen killed Mo Gu, Duke of Hengyang, General Who Establishes Righteousness, and led more than five thousand households north. Pursued in the southern desert, their chiefs were killed and the rest were settled in Ji, Xiang, and Ding as camp households. Muli Yan, Prince of Xiping of the Tuyuhun, killed his nephew Weidai. That month Chiliyan, Weidai's younger brother, and others fled in and begged for troops. Chiliyan was made Prince Who Returns to Righteousness.
21
秋七月癸卯，東雍州刺史沮渠秉謀叛伏誅。 八月乙丑，田于河西。 壬午，詔員外散騎常侍高濟使於劉義隆。 晉王伏羅督高平、涼州諸軍討吐谷渾慕利延。 九月，帝自河西至馬邑，觀于崞川。 己亥，車駕還宮。 丁未，行幸漠南。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the guimao day, Juqu Bing, Inspector of Eastern Yongzhou, plotted rebellion and was secretly executed. In the eighth month, on the yichou day, a hunt was held in Hexi. On the renwu day he ordered Gao Ji, Supernumerary Palace Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, as envoy to Liu Yilong. Fulu, Prince of Jin, commanded the armies of Gaoping and Liangzhou against Muli Yan of the Tuyuhun. In the ninth month the Emperor came from Hexi to Mayi and reviewed troops at Guochuan. On the jihai day the court returned to the capital. On the dingwei day the emperor went to the southern desert.
22
冬十月癸未，晉王伏羅大破慕利延，慕利延走奔白蘭。 慕利延從弟伏念、長史鵴鳩梨、部大崇娥等率其部一萬三千落內附。 十一月，劉義隆遣使朝貢。 十二月，粟特國遣使朝貢。 丙戌，車駕還宮。
In the tenth month of winter, on the guiwei day, Fulu routed Muli Yan, who fled to Bailan. Funian, Muli Yan's younger cousin, Chief Clerk Hejiuli, and the great chieftain E led more than thirteen thousand households to submit. In the eleventh month Liu Yilong sent envoys with tribute. In the twelfth month the state of Sute sent envoys with tribute. On the bingxu day the court returned to the capital.
23
六年春正月辛亥，車駕行幸定州，引見長老，存問之。 詔兼員外散騎常侍宋愔使劉義隆。 二月，遂西幸上黨，觀連理樹於泫氏。 西至吐京，討徙叛胡，出配郡縣。 三月庚申，車駕還宮。 詔諸有疑獄皆付中書，以經義量決。 是月，酒泉公郝溫反於杏城，殺守將王幡。 縣吏蓋鮮率宗族討溫，溫棄城走，自殺，家屬伏誅。
In the sixth year, on the xinhai day of the first month of spring, the emperor went to Dingzhou, summoned the elders, and inquired after them. He ordered Song Yin, Concurrent Supernumerary Palace Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, as envoy to Liu Yilong. In the second month he went west to Shangdang and viewed an intertwined tree at Xuanshi. West to Tujing: moved rebels were punished and assigned to commanderies and districts. In the third month, on the gengshen day, the court returned to the capital. He ordered that all doubtful criminal cases go to the Secretariat and be decided by canonical principle. That month Hao Wen, Duke of Jiuquan, rebelled at Xingcheng and killed the garrison commander Wang Fan. District clerk Gai Xian led his clan against Wen; Wen fled, killed himself, and his household was executed.
24
夏四月庚戌，征西大將軍、高涼王那等討吐谷渾慕利延於陰平白蘭。 詔秦州刺史、天水公封敕文擊慕利延兄子什歸於枹罕，散騎常侍、成周公萬度歸乘傳發涼州以西兵襲鄯善。 六月壬辰，車駕北巡。 什歸聞軍將至，棄城夜遁。
In the fourth month of summer, on the gengxu day, Na, Prince of Gaoliang, General Who Conquers the West, and others campaigned against Muli Yan at Yinping Bailan. He ordered Feng Jiwen, Duke of Tianshui, Inspector of Qinzhou, against Shigui at Fuhan, and Wandu Gui, Duke of Chenggong, Palace Attendant, to rush troops from Liangzhou west against Shanshan. On the renchen day of the sixth month the emperor toured north. Hearing the army was coming, Shigui abandoned the city and fled by night.
25
秋八月丁亥，封敕文入枹罕，分徙千家還上邽。 壬辰，度歸以輕騎至鄯善，執其王真達以詣京師，帝大悅，厚待之。 車駕幸陰山之北，次于廣德宮。 詔發天下兵，三分取一，各當戒嚴，以須後命。 徙諸種雜人五千餘家於北邊。 令民北徙畜牧至廣漠，以餌蠕蠕。 壬寅，高涼王那軍到曼頭城，慕利延驅其部落西渡流沙，那急追。 故西秦王慕璝世子被囊逆軍拒戰，那擊破之，被囊輕騎遁走，中山公杜豐精騎追之，度三危，至雪山，生擒被囊、什歸及熾磐子成龍，送于京師。 慕利延遂西入于闐國。
In the eighth month of autumn, on the dinghai day, Feng Jiwen entered Fuhan and moved a thousand households back to Shanggui. On the renchen day Wandu Gui reached Shanshan with light horse, seized King Zhenda, and sent him to the capital; the Emperor was greatly pleased and treated him generously. The emperor went north of Yinshan and halted at Broad Virtue Palace. He mobilized troops throughout the realm, one man in three, each to stand ready for orders. More than five thousand households of mixed peoples were moved to the northern frontier. The people were ordered north to pasture as far as the broad desert to bait the Rouran. On the renyin day Na's army reached Mantoucheng; Muli Yan drove his tribes west across the sands and Na pursued hard. Beinang, heir of the former Western Qin king Murong Kui, resisted; Na defeated him; Beinang fled; Du Feng, Duke of Zhongshan, pursued with picked horse across Sanwei to Snow Mountain and took Beinang, Shigui, and Chenglong, son of Qifu Chipan, alive to the capital. Muli Yan then went west into Khotan.
26
九月，盧水胡蓋吳聚眾反於杏城。 冬十月戊子，長安鎮副將元紇率眾討之，為吳所殺。 吳黨遂盛，民皆渡渭奔南山。 於是詔發高平敕勒騎赴長安，詔將軍叔孫拔乘傳領攝并、秦、雍兵屯渭北。
In the ninth month Gai Wu of the Lushui Hu gathered a host and rebelled at Xingcheng. In the tenth month of winter, on the wuzi day, Yuan He, deputy commander of Chang'an, led troops against him and was killed by Wu. Wu's party then grew strong; the people crossed the Wei and fled to the southern mountains. He mobilized Gaoping Tiele horse for Chang'an and ordered Shusun Ba by rapid relay to command Bing, Qin, and Yong troops north of the Wei.
27
十有一月，高涼王那振旅還京師。 己未，遣那及殿中尚書安定公韓茂率騎屯相州之陽平郡，發冀州民造浮橋於碻磝津。
In the eleventh month Na led the army back to the capital. On the jiwei day Na and Han Mao, Duke of Anding, Palace Attendant, were sent with horse to Yangping in Xiangzhou; people of Jizhou built a pontoon at Que'ao Ford.
28
蓋吳遣其部落帥白廣平西掠新平，安定諸夷酋皆聚眾應之，殺汧城守將。 吳遂進軍李閏堡，分兵掠臨晉巴東。 [3]將軍章直與戰，大敗之，兵溺死於河者三萬餘人。 吳又遣兵西掠至長安，將軍叔孫拔與戰於渭北，[4]大破之，斬首三萬餘級。
Gai Wu sent Bai Guangping west to raid Xinping; Anding chieftains rose in response and killed the commander of Qian city. Wu advanced to Li Run Fort and sent columns to raid Linjin and Bayi. General Zhang Zhi fought him, [3] routed him, and more than thirty thousand drowned in the river. Wu again sent troops toward Chang'an; Shusun Ba fought him north of the Wei, [4] routed him, and beheaded more than thirty thousand.
29
庚申，遼東王竇漏頭薨。
On the gengshen day Dou Loutou, Prince of Liaodong, died.
30
河東蜀薛永宗聚黨盜官馬數千匹，驅三千餘人入汾曲，西通蓋吳，受其位號。 秦州刺史、金城公周鹿觀率眾討之，不克而還。 庚午，詔殿中尚書、扶風公元處真，尚書、平陽公慕容嵩二萬騎討薛永宗； 詔殿中尚書乙拔率五將三萬騎討蓋吳，西平公寇提三將一萬騎討吳黨白廣平。 蓋吳自號天台王，署置百官。
Xue Yongzong of Hedong Shu gathered a band, stole thousands of government horses, drove more than three thousand into the Fen bend, and joined Gai Wu in the west, taking rank from him. Zhou Luguan, Duke of Jincheng, Inspector of Qinzhou, attacked him but failed and returned. On the gengwu day he ordered Yuan Chuzhen, Duke of Fufeng, Palace Attendant, and Murong Song, Duke of Pingyang, Minister of Works, with twenty thousand horse against Xue Yongzong; he ordered Yiba, Palace Attendant, with five generals and thirty thousand horse against Gai Wu; and Kou Ti, Duke of Xiping, with three generals and ten thousand horse against Bai Guangping. Gai Wu styled himself King of Heavenly Terrace and set up the hundred offices.
31
辛未，車駕還宮。 選六州兵勇猛者二萬人，使永昌王仁、高涼王那分領，為二道，各一萬騎，南略淮泗以北，徙青徐之民以實河北。 癸未，車駕西巡。
On the xinwei day the court returned to the capital. Twenty thousand brave men from six provinces were chosen; Ren, Prince of Yongchang, and Na, Prince of Gaoliang, each led ten thousand horse south of the Huai and Si and moved Qing and Xu people to fill Hebei. On the guimao day the emperor toured west.
32
七年春正月戊辰，車駕次東雍州。 庚午，圍薛永宗營壘。 永宗出戰，大敗，六軍乘之，永宗眾潰。 永宗男女無少長赴汾水死。 辛未，車駕南幸汾陰。 庚辰，帝臨戲水。 蓋吳退走北地。 二月丙戌，幸長安，存問父老。 丁亥，幸昆明池。 丙申，幸盩厔，誅叛民耿青、孫溫二壘與蓋吳通謀者。 軍次陳倉，誅散關氐害守將者。 還幸雍城，田於岐山之陽。 北道諸軍乙拔等大破蓋吳於杏城，吳棄馬遁走。
In the seventh year, on the wuchen day of the first month of spring, the court halted at Eastern Yongzhou. On the gengwu day Yongzong's camp was besieged. Yongzong came out to fight, was routed, and the six armies overran his host. Yongzong's people, young and old, threw themselves into the Fen and died. On the xinwei day the emperor went south to Fenyin. On the gengchen day the Emperor came to Xishui. Gai Wu withdrew to Beidi. In the second month, on the bingxu day, he came to Chang'an and inquired after the elders. On the dinghai day he came to Kunming Pool. On the bingshen day he came to Zhouzhi and executed Geng Qing and Sun Wen at two forts for plotting with Gai Wu. The army halted at Chencang and executed the Di of Sanguan who had killed the garrison commander. Returning, he came to Yong and hunted south of Mount Qi. Yiba and the northern army routed Gai Wu at Xingcheng; Wu abandoned his horses and fled.
33
永昌王仁至高平，擒劉義隆將王章，略金鄉、方與，遷其民五千家於河北。 高涼王那至濟南東平陵，遷其民六千餘家於河北。
Ren reached Gaoping, took Liu Yilong's general Wang Zhang, raided Jinxiang and Fangyu, and moved five thousand households to Hebei. Na reached Dongpingling east of Jinan and moved more than six thousand households to Hebei.
34
三月，詔諸州坑沙門，毀諸佛像。 徙長安城工巧二千家於京師。 車駕旋軫，幸洛水，分軍誅李閏叛羌。
In the third month he ordered all provinces to bury monks alive and destroy Buddha images. Two thousand artisan families of Chang'an were moved to the capital. The court turned back to the Luo and sent columns to execute the rebel Qiang of Li Run.
35
是月，金城邊冏、天水梁會反，據上邽東城。 秦州刺史封敕文擊之，斬冏，眾復推會為帥。
That month Bian of the Jincheng frontier and Liang Hui of Tianshui rebelled and held the eastern city of Shanggui. Feng Jiwen attacked, beheaded Bian, and the host again made Hui leader.
36
夏四月甲申，車駕至自長安。 戊子，鄴城毀五層佛圖，於泥像中得玉璽二，其文皆曰「受命於天，既壽永昌」，其一刻其旁曰「魏所受漢傳國璽」。
In the fourth month of summer, on the jiashen day, the court returned from Chang'an. On the wuzi day Ye's five-story Buddha tower was torn down; two jade seals were found in the clay images reading "Receiving the mandate from Heaven, long life and eternal stability," one side carved "The seal Han transmitted to Wei."
37
五月癸亥，安豐公閭根率騎詣上邽，與敕文討梁會，會走漢中。
On the guihai day of the fifth month Yan Gen, Duke of Anfeng, led horse to Shanggui and with Jiwen attacked Liang Hui; Hui fled to Hanzhong.
38
蓋吳復聚杏城，自號秦地王，假署山民，眾旅復振。 於是遣永昌王仁、高涼王那督北道諸軍同討之。 六月甲申，發定、冀、相三州兵二萬人屯長安南山諸谷，以防越逸。 丙戌，發司、幽、定、冀四州十萬人築畿上塞圍，起上谷，西至于河，廣袤皆千里。
Gai Wu again gathered at Xingcheng, styled himself King of Qin and Earth, appointed mountain people, and his host revived. Ren and Na were sent to command the northern armies together against him. On the jiashen day of the sixth month twenty thousand men of Ding, Ji, and Xiang were posted in the southern valleys of Chang'an to block escape. On the bingxu day one hundred thousand men of Si, You, Ding, and Ji built the capital frontier barrier from Shanggu west to the Yellow River, a thousand li each way.
39
秋八月，蓋吳為其下人所殺，傳首京師。 永昌王仁平其遺燼。 高涼王那破蓋吳黨白廣平； 生擒屠各路那羅於安定，斬于京師。 復略陽公羯兒王爵。
In the eighth month of autumn Gai Wu was killed by his men; his head was sent to the capital. Ren, Prince of Yongchang, pacified his embers. Na defeated Bai Guangping, Gai Wu's partisan; Tuluona of Tulu Road was taken alive in Anding and beheaded in the capital. Jie'er, Duke of Lueyang, had his princely rank restored.
40
八年春正月，吐京胡阻險為盜。 詔征東將軍武昌王提、征南將軍淮南王他討之，不下。 山胡曹僕渾等渡河西，保山以自固，招引朔方諸胡。 提等引軍討僕渾。 二月己卯，高涼王那等自安定討平朔方胡，因與提等合軍，共攻僕渾，斬之，其眾赴險死者以萬數。 癸未，行幸中山，頒賜從官文武各有差。 高陽易縣民不從官命，討平之，徙其餘燼於北地。 三月，河西王沮渠牧犍謀反，伏誅。 徙定州丁零三千家於京師。
In the eighth year, first month of spring, the Hu of Tujing blocked the passes and turned bandit. He ordered Ti, Prince of Wuchang, General Who Conquers the East, and Ta, Prince of Huainan, General Who Conquers the South, against them but they could not take them. Cao Puhun and other mountain Hu crossed west of the river, held the mountains, and drew the Hu of Shuofang. Ti and others led the army against Puhun. On the jimao day of the second month Na from Anding pacified the Shuofang Hu, joined Ti, and together attacked Puhun, beheaded him, and tens of thousands died fleeing to the passes. On the guimao day the emperor went to Zhongshan and rewarded the accompanying officers, each by rank. The people of Yiyi in Gaoyang disobeyed; they were punished and pacified, and the remainder were moved to Beidi. In the third month Mujian, Prince of Hexi of the Juqu, plotted rebellion and was secretly executed. Three thousand Dingling households of Dingzhou were moved to the capital.
41
夏五月，車駕還宮。 六月，西征諸將扶風公元處真等八將坐盜沒軍資，所在虜掠，贓各千萬計，並斬之。 八月，衞大將軍、樂安王範薨。
In the fifth month of summer the court returned to the capital. In the sixth month Yuan Chuzhen of Fufeng and eight western generals were beheaded for embezzling supplies and plundering, booty reckoned in tens of millions each. In the eighth month Fan, Prince of Le'an, Grand General of the Guard, died.
42
九年春正月，劉義隆遣使朝貢。 氐楊文德受義隆官號，守葭蘆城，招誘武都、陰平五部氐民。 詔仇池鎮將皮豹子討之，文德棄城南走，擒其妻子僚屬。 義隆白水太守郎啟玄率眾救文德，豹子逆擊，大破之，啟玄、文德走還漢中。 宕昌羌酋梁瑾慈遣使內附，并貢方物。 二月癸卯，行幸定州。 山東民飢，啟倉賑之。 罷塞圍作。 遂西幸上黨，誅潞叛民二千餘家，徙西河離石民五千餘家于京師。 詔於壺關東北大王山累石為三封，又斬其北鳳皇山南足以斷之。 三月，車駕還宮。
In the ninth year, first month of spring, Liu Yilong sent envoys with tribute. The Di Yang Wendé took rank from Yilong, held Jialu Fort, and drew the five Di divisions of Wudu and Yinping. He ordered Pi Baozi, Chouchi garrison commander, against him; Wendé fled south and his family and staff were taken. Lang Qixuan, Yilong's Administrator of Baishui, came to rescue Wendé; Baozi met and routed him; Qixuan and Wendé fled to Hanzhong. Liang Jin'ci, Qiang chieftain of Dangchang, sent envoys to submit with local tribute. In the second month, on the guimao day, the emperor went to Dingzhou. The people east of the mountains suffered famine; storehouses were opened. Work on the frontier barrier was halted. He went west to Shangdang, executed more than two thousand rebel households of Lu, and moved more than five thousand Lishi households of Xihe to the capital. He ordered stone piled as three mounds on Great King Mountain northeast of Huguan and the northern foot of Phoenix Mountain cut away. In the third month the court returned to the capital.
43
夏五月甲戌，以交趾公韓拔為假節、征西將軍、領護西戎校尉、鄯善王，鎮鄯善，賦役其民，比之郡縣。 六月辛酉，行幸廣德宮。 丁卯，悅般國遣使求與王師俱討蠕蠕，帝許之。
In the fifth month of summer, on the jiaxu day, Han Ba, Duke of Jiaozhi, was made Acting Commander, General Who Conquers the West, Colonel Protector of the Western Rong, and King of Shanshan, garrisoning Shanshan and levying its people like a district. On the xinyou day of the sixth month the emperor went to Broad Virtue Palace. On the dingmao day Yueban asked to campaign against the Rouran with the royal army; the Emperor granted it.
44
秋八月，詔中外諸軍戒嚴。 九月乙酉，治兵于西郊。 丙戌，上幸陰山。 是月，成周公萬度歸千里驛上，大破焉耆國，其王鳩尸卑那奔龜茲。
In the eighth month of autumn he ordered all armies to stand ready. On the yiyou day of the ninth month troops were arrayed at the western suburb. On the bingxu day the Emperor came to Yinshan. That month Wandu Gui came a thousand li by relay and routed Yanqi; King Jushibina fled to Kucha.
45
冬十月辛丑，恒農王奚斤薨。 癸卯，以婚姻奢靡，喪葬過度，詔有司更為科限。 癸亥，大赦天下。 十有二月，詔成周公萬度歸自焉耆西討龜茲。 皇太子朝于行宮，遂從北討，至于受降城，不見蠕蠕，因積糧城內，留守而還。 北平王長孫敦坐事降爵為公。
In the tenth month of winter, on the xinchou day, Xi Jin, Prince of Hengnong, died. On the guimao day, because marriage was extravagant and funerals excessive, he ordered new limits set. On the guihai day there was a general amnesty. In the twelfth month he ordered Wandu Gui to campaign west from Yanqi against Kucha. The Crown Prince attended at the traveling palace, followed the northern campaign to Shouxiang Fort, saw no Rouran, stored grain, left a garrison, and returned. Changsun Dun, Prince of Beiping, was reduced to duke for an offense.
46
十年春正月戊辰朔，帝在漠南，大饗百僚，班賜有差。 甲戌，北伐。 二月，蠕蠕渠帥尒綿他拔等率其部落千餘家來降，蠕蠕吐賀真恐懼遠遁。 事具蠕蠕傳。 三月，遂蒐于河西。 庚寅，車駕還宮。
In the tenth year, on the new-year wuchen day, the Emperor was in the southern desert, feasted the hundred officials, and rewarded each by rank. On the jiaxu day the northern campaign began. In the second month Rouran chiefs Ermitaba and others led more than a thousand households to submit; Tuhezhen of the Rouran fled far in fear. The full account is in the treatise on the Rouran. In the third month a hunt was held in Hexi. On the gengyin day the court returned to the capital.
47
夏五月庚寅，行幸陰山。
In the fifth month of summer, on the gengyin day, the emperor went to Yinshan.
48
秋七月，浮圖沙國遣使貢獻。 九月，閱武磧上，遂北伐。 事具蠕蠕傳。
In the seventh month of autumn the state of Futusha sent tribute. In the ninth month arms were reviewed on the desert, then the northern campaign. The full account is in the treatise on the Rouran.
49
冬十月庚子，皇太子及羣官奉迎於行宮。 壬午，大饗，班賜所獲及布帛各有差。 十有一月，龜茲、疏勒、破洛那、員闊諸國各遣使朝獻。 十有二月戊申，車駕至自北伐。 己酉，以平昌公元託真為中山王。
In the tenth month of winter, on the gengzi day, the Crown Prince and officials welcomed the Emperor at the traveling palace. On the renwu day there was a great feast; booty and cloth were distributed by rank. In the eleventh month Kucha, Shule, Boluona, and Yuankuo each sent tribute. In the twelfth month, on the wushen day, the court returned from the northern campaign. On the jiyou day Tuozhen, Duke of Pingchang, was made Prince of Zhongshan.
50
十一年春正月乙酉，行幸洛陽，所過郡國，皆親對高年，存恤孤寡。 以高涼王那為儀同三司。 二月甲午，大蒐於梁川。 皇子真薨。 是月，大治宮室，皇太子居于北宮。 車駕遂征懸瓠，益遣使者安慰境外之民，其不服者誅之。 永昌王仁大破劉義隆將劉坦之、程天祚於汝東，斬坦之，擒天祚。
In the eleventh year, on the yiyou day of the first month of spring, the emperor went to Luoyang; in every district passed through he addressed the aged and comforted orphans. Na, Prince of Gaoliang, was made Equal in Rank to the Three Dukes. In the second month, on the jiawu day, a great hunt was held at Liangchuan. Prince Zhen died. That month palaces were greatly repaired; the Crown Prince dwelt in the Northern Palace. The emperor then marched on Xuanchi; envoys comforted border peoples and the disobedient were killed. Ren routed Liu Tanzhi and Cheng Tianzuo east of the Ru, beheaded Tanzhi, and captured Tianzuo.
51
夏四月癸卯，輿駕還宮，賜從者及留臺郎吏已上生口各有差。 六月己亥，誅司徒崔浩。 辛丑，北巡陰山。
In the fourth month of summer, on the guimao day, the court returned; followers and capital clerks of lang rank and above received captives by rank. On the jihai day of the sixth month Cui Hao, Chancellor of State, was executed. On the xinchou day he toured Yinshan north.
52
秋七月，義隆遣其輔國將軍蕭斌之率眾六萬寇濟州，刺史王買得棄州走，斌之遂入城，仍使寧朔將軍王玄謨西攻滑臺。 詔枋頭鎮將、平南將軍、南康公杜道助守兗州。 八月癸亥，田於河西。 癸未，治兵於西郊。 九月辛卯，輿駕南伐。 癸巳，皇太子北伐，屯于漠南，吳王余留守京都。 庚子，曲赦定冀相三州死罪已下。 發州郡兵五萬分給諸軍。
In the seventh month of autumn Yilong sent Xiao Binzhi, General Who Assists the State, with sixty thousand against Jizhou; Inspector Wang Maidé fled; Binzhi took the city and sent Wang Xuanno, General Who Pacifies the North, west against Huatai. He ordered Du Daojun, Duke of Nankang, Fangtou garrison commander and General Who Pacifies the South, to assist in holding Yanzhou. In the eighth month, on the guihai day, a hunt was held in Hexi. On the guimao day troops were arrayed at the western suburb. On the xinmao day of the ninth month the emperor marched south. On the guisi day the Crown Prince marched north to the southern desert; Yu, Prince of Wu, guarded the capital. On the gengzi day there was a partial amnesty in Ding, Ji, and Xiang from death downward. Fifty thousand provincial troops were assigned to the armies.
53
冬十月癸亥，車駕止枋頭。 詔殿中尚書長孫真率騎五千自石濟渡，備玄謨遁走。 乙丑，車駕濟河，玄謨大懼，棄軍而走，眾各潰散，追躡斬首萬餘級，器械山積。 帝遂至東平。 蕭斌之棄濟州，退保歷城。 乃命諸將分道並進：使征西大將軍永昌王仁自洛陽出壽春，尚書長孫真趨馬頭，楚王建趨鍾離，高涼王那自青州趨下邳。 車駕自中道，[5]十有一月辛卯，至于鄒山，劉義隆魯郡太守崔邪利率屬城降。 使使者以太牢祀孔子。 壬子，次于彭城，遂趨盱眙。 頞盾國獻師子一。 十有二月丁卯，車駕至淮。 詔刈雚葦，汎筏數萬而濟。 義隆盱眙守將臧質閉門拒守。 將軍胡崇之等率眾二萬援盱眙。 燕王譚大破之，梟崇之等，斬首萬餘級，淮南皆降。 是月，永昌王仁攻懸瓠，拔之，獲義隆守將趙淮，送京師斬之。 過定項城，及淮西，大破義隆將劉康祖，斬之，并虜將軍胡盛之、王羅漢等，傳致行宮。 癸未，車駕臨江，起行宮於瓜步山。 永昌王仁自歷陽至於江西，高涼王那自山陽至於廣陵，諸軍皆同日臨江，所過城邑，莫不望塵奔潰，其降者不可勝數。 甲申，義隆使獻百牢，貢其方物，又請進女於皇孫以求和好。 帝以師婚非禮，許和而不許婚，使散騎侍郎夏侯野報之。 詔皇孫為書致馬通問焉。
In the tenth month of winter, on the guihai day, the court halted at Fangtou. He ordered Changsun Zhen, Palace Attendant, with five thousand horse to cross at Shiji Ford to block Xuanno. On the yichou day the emperor crossed the river; Xuanno fled in terror, the hosts scattered, pursuit killed more than ten thousand, and weapons piled like hills. The Emperor then reached Dongping. Xiao Binzhi abandoned Jizhou and withdrew to Licheng. He ordered separate advances: Ren from Luoyang on Shouchun; Changsun Zhen on Matou; Jian, Prince of Chu, on Zhongli; Na from Qingzhou on Xiapi. By the central route, [5] in the eleventh month on the xinmao day he reached Mount Zou; Cui Xielü, Liu Yilong's Administrator of Lu, led dependent cities to submit. An envoy sacrificed to Confucius with the great offering. On the renzi day he halted at Pengcheng, then pressed toward Xuyi. The state of Yandun presented a lion. In the twelfth month, on the dingmao day, the court reached the Huai. He ordered reeds cut; tens of thousands of rafts crossed the river. Zang Zhi, Yilong's defender of Xuyi, shut the gates and held. Hu Chongzhi and others led twenty thousand to relieve Xuyi. Tan, Prince of Yan, routed them, displayed Chongzhi and others, beheaded more than ten thousand, and all Huainan submitted. That month Ren took Xuanchi, captured Zhao Huai, Yilong's defender, and sent him to the capital for execution. Passing Dingxiang and west of the Huai, he routed Liu Kangzu, beheaded him, and captured Hu Shengzhi and Wang Luohan to the traveling palace. On the guimao day the court came to the river and raised a traveling palace on Mount Guabu. Ren from Liyang and Na from Shanyang to Guangling—all reached the river the same day; cities fled at the dust; submissions were beyond count. On the jiashen day Yilong sent envoys with a hundred oxen and local tribute and asked to send a daughter to the imperial grandson for peace. The Emperor held peace by marriage unritual; he granted peace but not marriage and sent Xiahou Ye in reply. He ordered the imperial grandson to write sending horses in exchange.
54
夏五月壬寅，大赦。 六月壬戌，改年。 車師國王遣子入侍。 詔曰：「夫刑網太密，犯者更眾，朕甚愍之。 有司其案律令，務求厥中。 自餘有不便於民者，依比增損。」 詔太子少傅游雅、中書侍郎胡方回等改定律制。 略陽王羯兒，儀同三司、高涼王那有罪賜死。 戊辰，皇太子薨。 壬申，葬景穆太子於金陵。
In the fifth month of summer, on the renyin day, there was a general amnesty. On the renxu day of the sixth month the reign title was changed. The king of Cheshi sent his son to court. An edict declared: "When the penal net is too dense, offenders multiply—We are deeply moved. Let the offices examine the statutes and strive for the mean. Whatever else burdens the people, add or reduce by comparison." He ordered You Ya, Junior Tutor of the Crown Prince, and Hu Fanghui, Secretariat Gentleman, and others to revise the law code. Jie'er, Prince of Lueyang, and Na, Prince of Gaoliang, Equal to the Three Dukes, were guilty and put to death. On the wuchen day the Crown Prince died. On the renshen day the Crown Prince was buried at Jinling as Emperor Jingmu.
55
秋七月丁亥，行幸陰山。 省諸曹吏員三分之一。 九月癸巳，車駕還宮。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the dinghai day, the emperor went to Yinshan. Clerical staff of the bureaus was cut by one-third. In the ninth month, on the guisi day, the court returned to the capital.
56
二年春正月庚辰朔，南來降民五千餘家於中山謀叛，州軍討平之。 冀州刺史、張掖王沮渠萬年與降民通謀，賜死。
In the second year, on the new-year gengchen day, more than five thousand southern submitter households at Zhongshan rebelled; provincial troops pacified them. Wannian, Prince of Zhangye, Inspector of Jizhou, conspired with submitters and was put to death.
57
三月甲寅，帝崩於永安宮，時年四十五。 祕不發喪，中常侍宗愛矯皇后令，殺東平王翰，迎南安王余入而立之，大赦，改元為永平，尊皇后赫連氏為皇太后。 三月辛卯，上尊諡曰太武皇帝，葬於雲中金陵，廟號世祖。
In the third month, on the jiayin day, the Emperor died at Yong'an Palace at forty-five. Death was kept secret; Zong Ai forged the Empress's order, killed Han, Prince of Dongping, welcomed Yu, Prince of Nan'an, proclaimed amnesty, changed the title to Yongping, and honored Empress Helian as Empress Dowager. In the third month, on the xinmao day, the posthumous title Emperor Taiwu was raised; he was buried at Yunzhong Jinling; temple name Shizu.
58
夏六月，劉義隆將檀和之寇濟州，梁坦及魯安生軍于京索，龐萌、薛安都寇弘農。
In the sixth month of summer Tan Hezhi of Liu Yilong raided Jizhou; Liang Tan and Lu Ansheng camped at Jingsuo; Pang Meng and Xue Andu raided Hongnong.
59
秋七月，征南將軍安定公韓元興討之，和之退，梁坦、安生亦走。 八月，冠軍將軍封禮率騎二千從浢津南渡赴弘農。 九月，司空高平公兒烏干屯潼關，平南將軍昌黎公元遼屯河內。
In the seventh month Han Yuanxing, Duke of Anding, General Who Conquers the South, campaigned against them; Hezhi withdrew and Liang Tan and Ansheng fled. In the eighth month Feng Li, General Who Vanquishes the Foe, led two thousand horse south from Fuzhou Ford toward Hongnong. In the ninth month Erwugan, Duke of Gaoping, Minister of Works, encamped at Tong Pass; Yuan Liao, Duke of Changli, General Who Pacifies the South, at Henei.
60
冬十月丙午朔，余為宗愛所賊。 殿中尚書長孫渴侯與尚書陸麗迎立皇孫，是為高宗焉。
On the new-year bingwu day of the tenth month of winter Yu was murdered by Zong Ai. Changsun Kehou, Palace Attendant, and Lu Li, Minister of Works, welcomed the imperial grandson—Emperor Gaozong.
61
帝生不逮密太后，及有所識，言則悲慟，哀感傍人，太宗聞而嘉歎。 暨太宗不豫，衣不釋帶。 性清儉率素，服御飲膳，取給而已，不好珍麗，食不二味，所幸昭儀、貴人，衣無兼綵。 羣臣白帝更峻京邑城隍，以從周易設險之義，又陳蕭何壯麗之說。 帝曰：「古人有言，在德不在險。 屈丐蒸土築城，而朕滅之，豈在城也？ 今天下未平，方須民力，土功之事，朕所未為，蕭何之對，非雅言也。」 每以財者軍國之本，無所輕費，至賞賜，皆是死事勳績之家，親戚受寵未曾橫有所及。 臨敵常與士卒同在矢石之間，左右死傷者相繼，而帝神色自若，是以人思効命，所向無前。 命將出師，指授節度，從命者無不制勝，違爽者率多敗失。 性又知人，拔士於卒伍之中，惟其才效所長，不論本末。 兼甚嚴斷，明於刑賞。 功者賞不遺賊； 罪者刑不避親，雖寵愛之，終不虧法。 常曰：「法者，朕與天下共之，何敢輕也。」 故大臣犯法，無所寬假。 雅長聽察，瞬息之間，下人無以措其姦隱。 然果於誅戮，後多悔之。 司徒崔浩既死之後，帝北伐，時宣城公李孝伯疾篤，傳者以為卒也。 帝聞而悼之，謂左右曰：「李宣城可惜。」 又曰：「朕向失言。 崔司徒可惜，李宣城可哀。」 褒貶雅意，皆此類也。
He never knew Empress Mi in life; when he came to awareness he grieved aloud and moved those beside him; Taizong heard and praised him. When Taizong was ill he did not remove his belt. He was pure and frugal; dress and food sufficed; he loved no luxuries, ate but one dish, and favored consorts wore no multicolored robes. Ministers urged heightening the capital walls per the Changes and cited Xiao He's plea for magnificence. The Emperor said: "The ancients said virtue lies not in defenses. Juqu Qufu built walls of steamed earth and We destroyed him—was it the walls? The realm is not pacified and We need the people's strength; We have not built walls; Xiao He's reply is not fine speech." He held wealth the root of army and state and spent lightly on nothing; rewards went only to families of the dead in merit—kin never received beyond measure. In battle he stood with the soldiers under arrow and stone; aides fell beside him yet his face was calm—men gave their lives and nothing stood before him. He assigned strategy to generals; obedience won; deviation mostly lost. He knew men and raised officers from the ranks for talent alone, regardless of origin. He was stern and clear in punishments and rewards. The meritorious were rewarded without omitting even enemies; the guilty were punished without sparing kin; even favorites were never excused. He often said: "The law is Ours with the realm—how dare We treat it lightly?" When great ministers broke the law there was no indulgence. He listened and observed keenly; in an instant subordinates could not hide treachery. Yet he was quick to kill and often repented afterward. After Cui Hao died the Emperor campaigned north; Li Xiaobo, Duke of Xuancheng, was gravely ill and rumor said he had died. Hearing this he mourned and said: "Li of Xuancheng is to be regretted." He also said: "We spoke wrongly before. Chancellor Cui is to be regretted; Li of Xuancheng is to be pitied." His praise and blame were all of this kind.
62
恭宗景穆皇帝諱晃，太武皇帝之長子也，母賀夫人。 延和元年春正月丙午，立為皇太子，時年五歲。 明慧強識，聞則不忘。 及長，好讀經史，皆通大義。 世祖甚奇之。 世祖東征和龍，詔恭宗錄尚書事； 西征涼州，詔恭宗監國。
Emperor Jingmu Gongzong bore the taboo name Huang; he was the Taiwu Emperor's eldest son; his mother was Lady He. In the first year of Yanhe, on the bingwu day of the first month of spring, he was made Crown Prince at five. Bright and strong of memory; he forgot nothing he heard. Grown, he loved the classics and histories and grasped their great meaning. Shizu marveled at him. When Shizu campaigned east on Helong, Gongzong was ordered to record Secretariat affairs; when he campaigned west on Liangzhou, Gongzong was ordered to oversee the realm.
63
初，世祖之伐河西也，李順等咸言姑臧無水草，不可行師。 恭宗有疑色。 及車駕至姑臧，乃詔恭宗曰：「姑臧城東西門外涌泉合於城北，其大如河。 自餘溝渠流入澤中，其間乃無燥地。 澤草茂盛，可供大軍數年。 人之多言，亦可惡也。 故有此敕，以釋汝疑。」 恭宗謂宮臣曰：「為人臣不實若此，豈是忠乎！ 吾初聞有疑，但帝決行耳。 幾誤人大事，言者復何面見帝也。」
Earlier, campaigning on Hexi, Li Shun and others said Guzang had no grass or water and no army could march. Gongzong looked doubtful. At Guzang he issued an edict Gongzong: "East and west of Guzang springs join north of the city, large as a river. Ditches flow into marshes; between them is no dry ground. Marsh grass is lush and can feed a great army for years. Men's much talk is hateful too. Hence this edict to dispel your doubt." Gongzong told palace ministers: "A minister so untrue—is this loyalty? I doubted at first, but the Emperor had decided to march. Nearly to err in a great matter—how can the speakers face the Emperor again?"
64
真君四年，恭宗從世祖討蠕蠕，至鹿渾谷，與賊相遇，虜惶怖，部落擾亂。 恭宗言於世祖曰：「今大軍卒至，宜速進擊，奄其不備，破之必矣。」 尚書令劉潔固諫，以為塵盛賊多，出至平地，恐為所圍，須軍大集，然後擊之可也。 恭宗謂潔曰：「此塵之盛，由賊恇擾，軍人亂故，何有營上而有此塵？」 世祖疑之，遂不急擊，蠕蠕遠遁。 既而獲虜候騎，世祖問之，對曰：「蠕蠕不覺官軍卒至，上下惶懼，引眾北走，經六七日，知無追者，始乃徐行。」 世祖深恨之，自是恭宗所言軍國大事，多見納用，遂知萬機。
In Zhenjun year 4 Gongzong followed Shizu against the Rouran to Luhun Valley; they met the enemy; the tribes were thrown into disorder. Gongzong said: "The great army has come suddenly; press the attack and take them unawares—victory is certain." Liu Jie, Minister of Works, remonstrated: the dust was great and enemies many; on level ground they might be surrounded; wait for the full host. Gongzong said: "The dust is from enemy panic and soldier disorder—how dust over a camp?" Shizu doubted and did not press; the Rouran fled far. Captured scouts said: "The Rouran did not know the army had come; all fled north; after six or seven days without pursuit they went slowly." Shizu deeply regretted it; thereafter Gongzong's counsel on army and state was mostly followed and he came to know the myriad affairs.
65
初，恭宗監國，曾令曰：「周書言：『任農以耕事，貢九穀； 任圃以樹事，貢草木； 任工以餘材，貢器物； [6]任商以市事，貢貨賄； 任牧以畜事，貢鳥獸； 任嬪以女事，貢布帛； 任衡以山事，貢其材； 任虞以澤事，貢其物。』 其制有司課畿內之民，使無牛家以人牛力相貿，墾殖鋤耨。 其有牛家與無牛家一人種田二十二畝，償以私鋤功七畝，[7]如是為差，至與小、老無牛家種田七畝，小、老者償以鋤功二畝。 皆以五口下貧家為率。 各列家別口數，所勸種頃畝，明立簿目。 所種者於地首標題姓名，以辨播殖之功。」 又禁飲酒、雜戲、棄本沽販者。 墾田大為增闢。
Earlier, overseeing the realm, he ordered: "The Zhou Documents say: 'Entrust the farmer with plowing and tribute of the nine grains; entrust the gardener with trees and tribute of plants; entrust the artisan with surplus materials and tribute of vessels; [6] entrust the merchant with market affairs and tribute of goods; entrust the herdsman with livestock and tribute of birds and beasts; entrust the consort with women's work and tribute of cloth; entrust the forest officer with mountain affairs and tribute of materials; entrust the park officer with marsh affairs and tribute of its products.' Let offices assess the capital region, having households without cattle exchange human and ox labor to open fields. Where one has cattle and one does not, one person plants twenty-two mu for seven mu of hoeing, [7] by gradation; small and elderly without cattle plant seven mu and repay two mu. All take poor households of five mouths or fewer as standard. Each lists households, urged planting, and sets ledgers. Planters mark the field head with names to distinguish merit. He also forbade drinking, mixed games, and peddling over farming. Opened fields greatly increased.
66
正平元年六月戊辰，薨於東宮，時年二十四。 庚午，冊曰：「嗚呼！ 惟爾誕資明叡，岐嶷夙成。 正位少陽，克荷基構。 賓于四門，百揆時叙； 允釐庶績，風雨不迷。 宜享無疆，隆我皇祚，如何不幸，奄焉殂殞，朕用悲慟于厥心！ 今使使持節兼太尉張黎、兼司徒竇瑾奉策，即柩賜諡曰『景穆』，以顯昭令德。 魂而有靈，其尚嘉之。」 高宗即位，追尊為景穆皇帝，廟號恭宗。
In the first year of Zhengping, on the wuchen day of the sixth month, he died in the Eastern Palace at twenty-four. On the gengwu day the patent said: "Alas! You were born bright and precocious from youth. You took the young yang and bore the foundation. Guest at the four gates, the hundred duties were ordered; you regulated the myriad tasks; wind and rain did not stray. You should have enjoyed boundless years—how misfortune came and you died! We are stricken in heart! We send Zhang Li, Concurrent Grand Commandant, and Dou Jin, Concurrent Chancellor of State, to grant at the bier the posthumous title Jingmu. If your soul has awareness, honor this." When Gaozong took the throne he honored him as Emperor Jingmu Gongzong; temple name Gongzong.
67
史臣曰：世祖聰明雄斷，威靈傑立，藉二世之資，奮征伐之氣，遂戎軒四出，周旋險夷。 掃統萬，平秦隴，翦遼海，盪河源，南夷荷擔，北蠕削跡，廓定四表，混一戎華，其為功也大矣。 遂使有魏之業，光邁百王，豈非神叡經綸，事當命世。 至於初則東儲不終，末乃釁成所忽。 固本貽防，殆弗思乎？ 恭宗明德令聞，夙世殂夭，其戾園之悼歟？
The historian says: Shizu was intelligent, heroic, and resolute; with two reigns' resources he roused conquest; the war chariot went four ways through peril and ease. He swept Tongwan, pacified Qin and Long, cut Liaohai, cleared the river source; south bore burdens, north Rouran were cut; the four quarters were settled and barbarian and Chinese unified—his achievement was great. Thus Wei's enterprise shone beyond the hundred kings—is this not divine wisdom and a mandate for the age? Yet at the start the eastern heir did not finish; at the last breach arose from neglect. To secure the root and leave forethought—was this unconsidered? Gongzong had bright virtue yet died young—is this not the grief of the Park of Li?
68
校勘記
Collation notes
69
五月諸本「五月」作「三月」。 按上已書四月，今據冊府卷一一二 〈一三三九頁〉 改。
Fifth month: all editions read "fifth month" as "third month." Since the fourth month is already recorded above, now according to Cefu juan 112 〈p. 1339〉 changed.
70
行幸廬諸本下注「闕」字。 通鑑卷一二四 〈三九０五頁〉 稱「魏主幸廬」。 則司馬光不認為有闕文。
Traveled to Lu: all editions note "deficient" below. Zizhi Tongjian juan 124 〈p. 3905〉 reads "the Wei ruler came to Lu." Thus Sima Guang did not regard the text as deficient.
71
分兵掠臨晉巴東通鑑卷一二四 〈三九一五頁〉 胡三省注： 〈下簡稱胡注〉 「『巴』當作『已』」。 按渭北臨晉 〈今陝西大荔〉 一帶不聞有「巴東縣」，胡說疑是。
Divided troops to raid Linjin and Bayi: Zizhi Tongjian juan 124 〈p. 3915〉 Hu Sanxing's note: 〈abbreviated below as Hu note〉 "'Ba' should read 'yi'." According to Linjin north of the Wei 〈now Dali in Shaanxi〉 in this region there is no "Bayi district"; Hu's statement is doubtful.
72
將軍叔孫拔與戰於渭北諸本「拔」作「枝」，通鑑卷一二四 〈三九一五頁〉 作「拔」。 按上文十月已稱叔孫拔領兵屯渭北。 今據改。
General Shusun Ba fought north of the Wei: all editions read "Ba" as "Zhi"; Zizhi Tongjian juan 124 〈p. 3915〉 reads "Ba." Since the tenth month above already has Shusun Ba encamped north of the Wei. Now changed accordingly.
73
車駕自中道諸本「中」作「卬」，殿本作「卭」。 按卬或卭道均不可解。 北史卷二、御覽卷一０二 〈四八九頁〉 作「中道」。 御覽引後魏書而與北史同，知魏書本作「中道」，今據改。
Imperial carriage by the central route: editions read "central" as "yang" or "qiong"; the palace edition has "qiong." Neither yang nor qiong route can be explained. Northern History juan 2, Imperial Readings juan 102 〈p. 489〉 read "central route." Imperial Readings cites Later Wei Shu and agrees with Northern History, showing the original was "central route"; now changed accordingly.
74
任工以餘材貢器物按今周官地官閭師此句作「任工以飭材事，貢器物」。 「事」字或省，「餘」當是「飭」之訛。
Entrust the artisan with surplus materials: the present Zhou Offices neighborhood chief reads "entrust the artisan with regulating materials affairs, tribute of vessels." The word "affairs" may be abbreviated; "surplus" should be the error for "regulating."
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其有牛家與無牛家一人種田二十二畝償以私鋤功七畝冊府卷四九五 〈五九二三頁〉 「一人」作「一牛」，「二十二畝」作「二十畝」，「私」作「耘」 〈宋本冊府仍作「一人」，餘同明本。〉 按所謂「人牛力相貿」，即有牛家以牛力換取人力，「一人」當作「一牛」，「私」也當作「耘」。 意謂有牛家出牛一頭，為無牛家耕種二十或二十二畝； 無牛家出人，為有牛家耘鋤七畝以為報償。
Cattle and non-cattle households, one person plants twenty-two mu for seven mu hoeing: Cefu juan 495 〈p. 5923〉 "one person" reads "one ox," "twenty-two mu" reads "twenty mu," "private" reads "weeding" 〈the Song Cefu still reads "one person"; the rest agrees with the Ming edition.〉 By "exchange of human and bovine labor," cattle households trade ox labor for human labor; "one person" should be "one ox" and "private" should be "weeding." A cattle household puts forth one ox to plant twenty or twenty-two mu for a household without cattle; the household without cattle puts forth men to weed seven mu for the cattle household as repayment.