1
高宗文成皇帝，諱濬，恭宗景穆皇帝之長子也。 母曰閭氏，真君元年六月生於東宮。 帝少聰達，世祖愛之，常置左右，號世嫡皇孫。 年五歲，世祖北巡，帝從在後，逢虜帥桎一奴欲加其罰。 帝謂之曰：「奴今遭我，汝宜釋之。」 帥奉命解縛。 世祖聞之，曰：「此兒雖小，欲以天子自處。」 意奇之。 既長，風格異常，每有大政，常參決可否。 正平二年十月戊申，即皇帝位於永安前殿，大赦，改年。
Gaozong, Emperor Wencheng, bore the taboo name Jun. He was the eldest son of Gongzong, Emperor Jingmu. His mother was of the Lu clan. In the sixth month of the first year of Zhenjun he was born in the Eastern Palace. As a boy he was quick and penetrating. Shizu loved him, kept him constantly at his side, and styled him Heir of the World, Imperial Grandson. At the age of five, when Shizu toured the north, the boy followed behind. They met a barbarian commander who had bound a slave and was about to punish him. The boy said to him, "This slave has met me now—you should release him." The commander obeyed and untied him. When Shizu heard of it he said, "Though this child is small, he means to comport himself as Son of Heaven." He marveled at it. When he had grown, his bearing was unusual. Whenever major policy was at stake he often took part in deciding it. In the tenth month of the second year of Zhengping, on the wushen day, he took the throne in the front hall of Yong'an, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name.
2
興安元年冬十月，以驃騎大將軍元壽樂為太宰、都督中外諸軍事、錄尚書事； 尚書長孫渴侯為尚書令，加儀同三司。 十有一月丙子，二人爭權，並賜死。 癸未，廣陽王建薨，臨淮王譚薨。 甲申，皇妣薨。 太尉張黎、司徒古弼，以議不合旨，黜為外都大官。 平南將軍宋子侯周忸進爵樂陵王，南部尚書、章安子陸麗為平原王，文武各加位一等。 壬寅，追尊景穆太子為景穆皇帝，皇妣為恭皇后； 尊保母常氏為保太后。 隴西屠各王景文叛，詔統萬鎮將、南陽王惠壽討平之。 十有二月戊申，祔葬恭皇后於金陵。 乙卯，初復佛法。 丁巳，以樂陵王周忸為太尉，平原王陸麗為司徒，鎮西將軍杜元寶為司空。 保達、沙獵國各遣使朝獻。 戊寅，建業公陸俟進爵東平王，廣平公杜遺進爵為王。 癸亥，詔以營州蝗，開倉賑恤。 甲子，太尉、樂陵王周忸有罪，賜死。 濮陽公閭若文進爵為王。
In the tenth month of the first year of Xing'an, General of Agile Cavalry Yuan Shoule was made Grand Preceptor, Commander-in-Chief of All Armies Within and Without, and Recorder of Secretariat Affairs; Changsun Kehou of the Secretariat was made Director of the Secretariat, with the added rank of Three-Director Equipage. In the eleventh month, on the bingzi day, the two contended for power and were both ordered to die. On the guiwei day Prince of Guangyang Jian died, and Prince of Huai'nan Tan died. On the jiashen day the imperial mother died. Grand Commandant Zhang Li and Minister of Works Gu Bi, because their counsel did not accord with the imperial will, were demoted to Outer Metropolitan Officials. Zhou Niu, General Who Pacifies the South and Marquis of Songzi, was advanced to Prince of Leling; Lu Li, Minister of the South and Viscount of Zhang'an, was made Prince of Pingyuan; civil and military officials each rose one rank. On the renyin day Crown Prince Jingmu was posthumously honored as Emperor Jingmu and the imperial mother as Empress Gong; the wet-nurse of the Chang clan was honored as Empress Dowager Protector. Jingwen, king of the Tuge in Longxi, rebelled. An edict ordered Prince of Nanyang Huishou, commander of Tongwan garrison, to suppress and pacify him. In the twelfth month, on the wushen day, Empress Gong was associated in burial at Jinling. On the yimao day the Buddhist faith was restored for the first time. On the dingsi day Prince of Leling Zhou Niu was made Grand Commandant, Prince of Pingyuan Lu Li Minister of Works, and General Who Guards the West Du Yuanbao Minister of the Masses. Baoda and the state of Shalie each sent envoys with tribute. On the wuyin day Duke of Jianye Lu Hou was advanced to Prince of Dongping and Duke of Guangping Du Yi was advanced to prince. On the guihai day, because of locusts in Yingzhou, an edict ordered granaries opened for relief. On the jiazi day Grand Commandant Zhou Niu, Prince of Leling, was found guilty and ordered to die. Duke of Puyang Lu Ruowen was advanced to prince.
3
二年春正月辛巳，司空杜元寶進爵京兆王。 廣平王杜遺薨。 尚書僕射、東安公劉尼進爵為王。 封建寧王崇子麗為濟南王。 癸未，詔與民雜調十五。 丙戌，尚書、西平公源賀進爵為王。 二月己未，司空、京兆王杜元寶謀反，伏誅； 建寧王崇、崇子濟南王麗為元寶所引，各賜死。 乙丑，發京師五千人穿天淵池。 是月，劉義隆子劭殺其父而自立。 三月壬午，尊保太后為皇太后。 安豐公閭虎皮進爵為河間王。 乙未，疏勒國遣使朝獻。
In the first month of spring of the second year, on the xinsi day, Minister of the Masses Du Yuanbao was advanced to Prince of Jingzhao. Prince of Guangping Du Yi died. Liu Ni, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Duke of Dong'an, was advanced to prince. Li, son of Prince of Jianning Chong, was enfeoffed as Prince of Jinan. On the guiwei day an edict imposed miscellaneous levies on the people of fifteen. On the bingxu day Yuan He, Director of the Secretariat and Duke of Xiping, was advanced to prince. In the second month, on the jiwei day, Minister of the Masses Du Yuanbao, Prince of Jingzhao, plotted rebellion and was executed; Prince of Jianning Chong and his son Li, Prince of Jinan, implicated by Yuanbao, were each ordered to die. On the yichou day five thousand men from the capital were sent to dig the Tianyuan Pool. That month Liu Yilong's son Shao killed his father and seized the throne. In the third month, on the renwu day, the Empress Dowager Protector was honored as Empress Dowager. Duke of Anfeng Lu Hupi was advanced to Prince of Hejian. On the yiwei day the state of Shule sent envoys with tribute.
4
夏五月乙酉，行幸崞山。 辛卯，還宮。 是月，劉劭弟駿殺劭而自立。 閏月乙亥，太皇太后赫連氏崩。
In the fifth month of summer, on the yiyou day, the emperor went to Mount Guo. On the xinmao day he returned to the palace. That month Liu Shao's younger brother Liu Jun killed Shao and seized the throne. In the intercalary month, on the yihai day, Grand Empress Dowager Helian died.
5
秋七月辛亥，行幸陰山。 濮陽王閭若文，征西大將軍、永昌王仁謀反。 乙丑，賜仁死於長安，若文伏誅。 己巳，車駕還宮。 是月，築馬射臺於南郊。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the xinhai day, the emperor went to Yinshan. Prince of Puyang Lu Ruowen and Ren, General Who Conquers the West and Prince of Yongchang, plotted rebellion. On the yichou day Ren was ordered to die at Chang'an; Ruowen was executed. On the jisi day the court returned to the palace. That month a horse-shooting terrace was built at the southern suburb.
6
八月辛未，渴槃陁國遣使朝貢。 戊戌，詔曰：「朕以眇身，纂承大業，懼不能宣慈惠和，寧濟萬宇，夙夜兢兢，若臨淵谷。 然即位以來，百姓晏安，風雨順序，邊方無事，眾瑞兼呈，不可稱數。 又於苑內獲方寸玉印，其文曰『子孫長壽』，羣公卿士咸曰『休哉』！ 豈朕一人克臻斯應，實由天地祖宗降祐之所致也。 思與兆庶共茲嘉慶，其令民大酺三日，諸殊死已下各降罪一等。」 九月壬子，閱武於南郊。
In the eighth month, on the xinwei day, the state of Kapisa sent envoys with tribute. On the wuxu day an edict said, "We, in our slight person, have succeeded to the great enterprise and fear we cannot spread kindness, harmony, and peace to settle the myriad realms. Day and night we are cautious, as if facing a deep ravine. Yet since assuming the throne the people are at ease, wind and rain are in order, the borders are quiet, and auspicious signs have appeared beyond counting. Moreover, within the park a square-inch jade seal was found inscribed 'Long life for sons and grandsons,' and the assembled dukes, ministers, and scholars all cried, 'How excellent!' How could we alone attain such a response? It is truly because Heaven, Earth, and the ancestors bestowed their blessing. We wish to share this fine celebration with the myriad people: let the people feast for three days, and let all below extraordinary death have their crimes reduced one degree." In the ninth month, on the renzi day, arms were reviewed at the southern suburb.
7
冬十有一月辛酉，行幸信都、中山，觀察風俗。 十有二月，誅河間鄚民為賊盜者，男年十五以下為生口，班賜從臣各有差。 甲午，車駕還宮。 庫莫奚、契丹、罽賓等十餘國各遣使朝貢。 復北平公長孫敦王爵。 [1]
In the eleventh month of winter, on the xinyou day, the emperor went to Xinzhou and Zhongshan to observe local customs. In the twelfth month bandits among the people of Hejian and Mo were executed; males fifteen and under were taken as living booty and distributed to followers according to rank. On the jiawu day the court returned to the palace. Kumo Xi, Khitan, Kapisa, and more than ten other states each sent envoys with tribute. Duke of Beiping Changsun Dun's princely rank was restored. The text is deficient.
8
興光元年春正月乙丑，以侍中河南公伊馛為司空。 二月甲午，帝至道壇，登受圖籙； 禮畢，曲赦京師，班賞各有差。
In the first month of spring of the first year of Xingguang, on the yichou day, Palace Attendant Yi Ba, Duke of Henan, was made Minister of the Masses. In the second month, on the jiawu day, the emperor came to the Dao altar and ascended to receive the registers and tallies; when the rites were complete there was a partial amnesty in the capital and rewards were distributed according to rank.
9
夏六月丙寅，行幸陰山。
In the sixth month of summer, on the bingyin day, the emperor went to Yinshan.
10
秋七月庚子，皇子弘生。 辛丑，大赦，改年。 八月甲戌，趙王深薨。 乙亥，車駕還宮。 乙丑，皇叔虎頭、龍頭薨。 九月庚申，庫莫奚國獻名馬，有一角，狀如麟。 是月，閉都城門，大索三日，獲姦人亡命數百人。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the gengzi day, the imperial son Hong was born. On the xinchou day there was a general amnesty and the era name was changed. In the eighth month, on the jiaxu day, Prince of Zhao Shen died. On the yihai day the court returned to the palace. On the yichou day the imperial uncles Hutou and Longtou died. In the ninth month, on the gengshen day, the state of Kumo Xi presented a famous horse with one horn, shaped like a qilin. That month the capital gates were closed and a great search lasted three days; several hundred adulterers and fugitives were seized.
11
冬十有一月，北鎮將房杖擊蠕蠕，虜其將豆渾與句等，獲馬千餘匹。 戊戌，行幸中山，遂幸信都。 十有二月丙子，還幸靈丘，至溫泉宮。 庚辰，車駕還宮。 出于、叱萬單國各遣使朝獻。
In the eleventh month of winter the northern garrison general Fang Zhang attacked the Rouran, captured their generals Douhun, Gou, and others, and took more than a thousand horses. On the wuxu day the emperor went to Zhongshan, then to Xinzhou. In the twelfth month, on the bingzi day, he returned to Lingqiu and reached the Hot Springs Palace. On the gengchen day the court returned to the palace. The states of Chuyu and Chiwandan each sent envoys with tribute.
12
太安元年春正月辛酉，奉世祖、恭宗神主于太廟。 車騎大將軍、樂平王拔有罪，賜死。 二月癸未，武昌王提薨。 三月己亥，詔曰：「今始奉世祖、恭宗神主于太廟，又於西苑遍秩羣神。 朕以大慶饗賜百僚，而犯罪之人獨即刑戮，非所以子育羣生，矜及眾庶。 夫聖人之教，自近及遠。 是以周文刑於寡妻，至于兄弟，以御家邦。 化苟從近，恩亦宜然。 其曲赦京師死囚已下。」
In the first month of spring of the first year of Tai'an, on the xinyou day, the spirit tablets of Shizu and Gongzong were installed in the Grand Temple. Ba, General of Chariots and Cavalry and Prince of Yueping, was found guilty and ordered to die. In the second month, on the guiwei day, Prince of Wuchang Ti died. In the third month, on the jihai day, an edict said, "We now for the first time install the spirit tablets of Shizu and Gongzong in the Grand Temple, and moreover in the Western Park have offered sacrifice to the host of spirits. With this great celebration we bestow feasts on the hundred officials, yet criminals alone immediately suffer execution. This is not how to nurture the living and show pity to the multitude. The teaching of the sages proceeds from what is near to what is far. Therefore King Wen of Zhou began applying punishment with his widowed wife and extending to his brothers, thereby governing the state and clan. If transformation follows what is near, favor ought to be the same. Let there be a partial amnesty in the capital for those below death in punishment."
13
夏六月壬戌，詔名皇子曰弘，曲赦京城，改年。
In the sixth month of summer, on the renxu day, an edict named the imperial son Hong; there was a partial amnesty in the capital and the era name was changed.
14
癸酉，詔曰：「夫為治者，因宜以設官，舉賢以任職，故上下和平，民無怨謗。 若官非其人，姦邪在位，則政教陵遲，至於凋薄。 思明黜陟，以隆治道。 今遣尚書穆伏真等三十人，巡行州郡，觀察風俗。 入其境，農不墾殖，田畝多荒，則徭役不時，廢於力也； 耆老飯蔬食，少壯無衣褐，則聚斂煩數，匱於財也； 閭里空虛，民多流散，則綏導無方，疏於恩也； 盜賊公行，劫奪不息，則威禁不設，失於刑也； 眾謗並興，大小嗟怨，善人隱伏，佞邪當途，則為法混淆，昏於政也。 諸如此比，黜而戮之。 善於政者，褒而賞之。 其有阿枉不能自申，聽詣使告狀，使者檢治。 若信清能，眾所稱美，誣告以求直，反其罪。 使者受財，斷察不平，聽詣公車上訴。 其不孝父母，不順尊長，為吏姦暴，及為盜賊，各具以名上。 其容隱者，以所匿之罪罪之。」 是月，遮逸國遣使朝貢。 戊寅，帝畋於犢倪山。 甲申，還宮。
On the guiyou day an edict said, "He who governs should, according to what is fitting, establish offices and raise the worthy to posts, so that high and low are at peace and the people have no resentment. If offices are not held by the right men and the wicked hold position, government and teaching decline to ruin. We must think clearly on promotion and demotion to elevate the way of rule. Now we send thirty men of the Secretariat, including Mu Fuzhen, to tour the provinces and commanderies and observe local customs. On entering their territory, if farmers do not till and many fields lie waste, corvée is not timely and labor is wasted; if the aged eat coarse food and the young have no clothing, exactions are frequent and wealth is exhausted; if lanes and hamlets are empty and many have fled, guidance is without method and favor is neglected; if bandits go openly and robbery does not cease, awe and prohibition are not set and punishment is lost; if slanders arise on every side, great and small lament, the good hide themselves, and flatterers hold the road, then law is confused and government is benighted. For all such cases, demote and execute them. Those skilled in government, praise and reward them. If any are wronged and cannot obtain justice themselves, they may go to the envoys to lodge complaints, and the envoys shall investigate. If one is truly pure and capable and praised by all, yet lodges a false complaint to seek justice, the crime is reversed upon him. If an envoy accepts bribes and judgment is not fair, they may appeal to the Imperial Chariot Office. Those unfilial to parents, disobedient to elders, wicked and violent as officials, and bandits and thieves shall each be reported by name. Those who conceal them shall be punished with the crime of what they concealed." That month the state of Zheyi sent envoys with tribute. On the wuyin day the emperor hunted at Mount Duni. On the jiashen day he returned to the palace.
15
秋七月丙辰，行幸河西。 八月丁亥，車駕還宮。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the bingchen day, the emperor went to Hexi. In the eighth month, on the dinghai day, the court returned to the palace.
16
冬十月，波斯、疏勒國並遣使朝貢。 庚午，以遼西公常英為太宰，進爵為王。
In the tenth month of winter Persia and the state of Shule each sent envoys with tribute. On the gengwu day Duke of Liaoxi Chang Ying was made Grand Preceptor and advanced to prince.
17
二年春正月乙卯，立皇后馮氏。 二月丁巳，立皇子弘為皇太子，大赦天下。 丁零數千家亡匿井陘山，聚為寇盜。 詔定州刺史許宗之、并州刺史乞佛成龍討平之。
In the first month of spring of the second year, on the yimao day, Empress Feng was installed. In the second month, on the dingsi day, the imperial son Hong was installed as Crown Prince and a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. Several thousand families of Dingling hid on Mount Jingxing and gathered as bandits. An edict ordered Governor of Dingzhou Xu Zongzhi and Governor of Bingzhou Qifo Chenglong to suppress and pacify them.
18
夏六月，羽林郎于判、元提等謀逆，伏誅。
In the sixth month of summer Palace Guard Officer Yu Pan, Yuan Ti, and others plotted treason and were executed.
19
秋八月甲申，畋於河西。 是月，平西將軍、漁陽公尉眷北擊伊吾，克其城，大獲而還。 九月辛巳，河東公閭毗、零陵公閭紇並進爵為王。
In the eighth month of autumn, on the jiashen day, he hunted in Hexi. That month Juan, General Who Pacifies the West and Duke of Yuyang, attacked Yiwu in the north, took its city, and returned with great booty. In the ninth month, on the xinsi day, Duke of Hedong Lu Pi and Duke of Lingling Lu Ge were both advanced to prince.
20
冬十月甲申，車駕還宮。 甲午，曲赦京師。 十有一月，尚書、西平王源賀改封隴西王。 嚈噠、普嵐國並遣使朝獻。 劉駿濮陽太守姜龍駒、新平太守楊伯倫，各棄郡率吏民來降。
In the tenth month of winter, on the jiashen day, the court returned to the palace. On the jiawu day there was a partial amnesty in the capital. In the eleventh month Yuan He, Director of the Secretariat of Xiping, changed enfeoffment to Prince of Longxi. The states of Yanda and Pulan each sent envoys with tribute. Liu Jun's Administrator of Puyang Jiang Longju and Administrator of Xinping Yang Bolun each abandoned their commanderies and led officials and people to surrender.
21
三年春正月壬戌，畋於崞山。 戊辰，還宮。 粟特、于闐國各遣使朝貢。 徵漁陽公尉眷，拜太尉，進爵為王，錄尚書事。
In the first month of spring of the third year, on the renxu day, he hunted at Mount Guo. On the wuchen day he returned to the palace. Sogdiana and the state of Khotan each sent envoys with tribute. Juan, Duke of Yuyang, was summoned, made Grand Commandant, advanced to prince, and made Recorder of Secretariat Affairs.
22
夏五月庚申，畋於松山。 己巳，還宮。 封皇弟新成為陽平王。 六月癸卯，行幸陰山。
In the fifth month of summer, on the gengshen day, he hunted at Mount Song. On the jisi day he returned to the palace. The emperor's younger brother Xincheng was enfeoffed as Prince of Yangping. In the sixth month, on the guimao day, the emperor went to Yinshan.
23
秋八月，畋於陰山之北。 己亥，還宮。
In the eighth month of autumn he hunted north of Yinshan. On the jihai day he returned to the palace.
24
冬十月，將東巡，詔太宰常英起行宮於遼西黃山。 十有一月，蠻王文虎龍率千餘家內附。 十有二月，以州鎮五蝗，民飢，使使者開倉以賑之。 是月，于闐、扶餘等五十餘國各遣使朝獻。
In the tenth month of winter, about to tour east, an edict ordered Grand Preceptor Chang Ying to erect a traveling palace at Huangshan in Liaoxi. In the eleventh month the barbarian chief Wen Hulong led more than a thousand families to submit. In the twelfth month, because five provinces and garrisons suffered locusts and the people were hungry, envoys were sent to open granaries for relief. That month Khotan, Buyeo, and more than fifty other states each sent envoys with tribute.
25
四年春正月丙午朔，初設酒禁。 乙卯，行幸廣寧溫泉宮，遂東巡平州。 庚午，至於遼西黃山宮，遊宴數日，親對高年，勞問疾苦。 二月丙子，登碣石山，觀滄海，大饗羣臣於山下，班賞進爵各有差。 改碣石山為樂遊山，築壇記行於海濱。 戊寅，南幸信都，畋遊於廣川。 三月丁未，觀馬射於中山。 所過郡國賜復一年。 丙辰，車駕還宮。 起太華殿。 乙丑，東平王陸俟薨。
On the first day of the first month of spring of the fourth year, the bingwu day, a wine prohibition was first established. On the yimao day the emperor went to the Guangning Hot Springs Palace, then toured east through Pingzhou. On the gengwu day he reached Huangshan Palace in Liaoxi, feasted for several days, and personally received the aged, inquiring after their hardships. In the second month, on the bingzi day, he ascended Mount Jieshi, viewed the blue sea, and held a great feast for the assembled ministers at the foot of the mountain; rewards and advancement in rank were distributed according to rank. Mount Jieshi was renamed Mount Leyou and an altar was built at the seashore to record the journey. On the wuyin day he traveled south to Xinzhou and hunted at Guangchuan. In the third month, on the dingwei day, he viewed horse-shooting at Zhongshan. The commanderies and states he passed through were granted one year's exemption from levies. On the bingchen day the court returned to the palace. The Taihua Hall was raised. On the yichou day Prince of Dongping Lu Hou died.
26
夏五月壬戌，詔曰：「朕即阼至今，屢下寬大之旨，蠲除煩苛，去諸不急，欲令物獲其所，人安其業。 而牧守百里，不能宣揚恩意，求欲無厭，斷截官物以入於己，使課調懸少； 而深文極墨，委罪於民。 苛求免咎，曾不改懼。 國家之制，賦役乃輕，比年已來，雜調減省，而所在州郡，咸有逋懸，非在職之官綏導失所，貪穢過度，誰使之致？ 自今常調不充，民不安業，宰民之徒，加以死罪。 申告天下，稱朕意焉。」 六月丙申，畋於松山。
In the fifth month of summer, on the renxu day, an edict said, "From assuming the throne until now we have repeatedly issued edicts of leniency, abolishing what is troublesome and harsh and removing what is not urgent, wishing to let things obtain their place and people settle in their occupations. Yet the hundred-li governors cannot spread the imperial favor; their greed is insatiable; they seize official goods for themselves, leaving tax levies in deficit; then with extreme severity they lay the blame on the people. They seek harshly to escape blame and never change their ways. The state's system makes levies and corvée light; in recent years miscellaneous levies have been reduced, yet provinces and commanderies everywhere have arrears. Is it not because officials in office have failed in guidance, or been greedy beyond measure? Who made it come to this? From now on, if regular levies are not fulfilled and the people do not settle in their occupations, those who govern the people shall additionally receive the death penalty. Proclaim throughout the realm to accord with our intent." In the sixth month, on the bingshen day, he hunted at Mount Song.
27
秋七月庚午，行幸河西。 九月乙巳，還宮。 辛亥，太華殿成。 丙寅，饗羣臣，大赦天下。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the gengwu day, the emperor went to Hexi. In the ninth month, on the yisi day, he returned to the palace. On the xinhai day the Taihua Hall was completed. On the bingyin day he feasted the assembled ministers and proclaimed a general amnesty throughout the realm.
28
冬十月甲戌，北巡。 至陰山，有故塚毀廢，詔曰：「昔姬文葬枯骨，天下歸仁。 自今有穿毀墳隴者斬之。」 劉駿將殷孝祖修兩城於清水東，詔鎮西將軍天水公封敕文等擊之。 辛卯，車駕次于車輪山，累石記行。 十一月，詔征西將軍皮豹子等三將三萬騎助擊孝祖。 [2]車駕度漠，蠕蠕絕跡遠遁，其別部烏朱賀頹、庫世頹率眾來降。 十有二月，征東將軍、中山王託真薨。
In the tenth month of winter, on the jiaxu day, he toured north. Reaching Yinshan, there was an old tomb destroyed and abandoned. An edict said, "Formerly King Wen of Zhou buried dry bones and the realm turned to benevolence. From now on, whoever digs up or destroys tombs and mounds shall be beheaded. Liu Jun's general Yin Xiaozu was repairing two fortresses east of the Qingshui; an edict ordered Feng Jiaowen, General Who Guards the West and Duke of Tianshui, and others to attack him. On the xinmao day the court halted at Mount Chelun and piled stones to record the journey. In the eleventh month an edict ordered General Who Conquers the West Pi Baozi and three other commanders with thirty thousand horsemen to assist in attacking Xiaozu. [2] The court crossed the desert; the Rouran vanished without trace and fled far away; their separate division Wuzhu Huitui and Kushi Tui led their hosts to surrender. In the twelfth month Tuozhen, General Who Conquers the East and Prince of Zhongshan, died.
29
五年春正月己巳朔，征西將軍皮豹子略地至高平，大破孝祖，斬獲五千餘級。 二月己酉，侍中、司空、河南公伊馛薨。 三月庚寅，曲赦京師死罪已下。
On the first day of the first month of spring of the fifth year, the jisi day, General Who Conquers the West Pi Baozi raided as far as Gaoping, greatly defeated Xiaozu, and beheaded and captured more than five thousand. In the second month, on the jiyou day, Yi Ba, Palace Attendant, Minister of the Masses, and Duke of Henan, died. In the third month, on the gengyin day, there was a partial amnesty in the capital for those below death in punishment.
30
夏四月乙巳，封皇弟子推為京兆王。 五月，居常國遣使朝獻。 六月戊申，行幸陰山。
In the fourth month of summer, on the yisi day, the emperor's younger brother's son Tui was enfeoffed as Prince of Jingzhao. In the fifth month the state of Juchang sent envoys with tribute. In the sixth month, on the wushen day, the emperor went to Yinshan.
31
秋八月庚戌，遂幸雲中。 壬戌，還宮。 九月戊辰，詔曰：「夫褒賞必於有功，刑罰審於有罪，此古今之所同，由來之常式。 牧守莅民，侵食百姓，以營家業，王賦不充，雖歲滿去職，應計前逋，正其刑罪。 而主者失於督察，不加彈正，使有罪者優游獲免，無罪者妄受其辜，是啟姦邪之路，長貪暴之心，豈所謂原情處罪，以正天下。 自今諸遷代者，仰列在職殿最，案制治罪。 克舉者加之爵寵，有愆者肆之刑戮，使能否殊貫，刑賞不差。 主者明為條制，以為常楷。」 儀同三司敦煌公李寶薨。
In the eighth month of autumn, on the gengxu day, he then went to Yunzhong. On the renxu day he returned to the palace. In the ninth month, on the wuchen day, an edict said, "Rewards must go to those with merit; punishments must be examined for those with guilt—this is the same through antiquity and the constant pattern from of old. Governors who face the people and devour the common people to build up their households, so that royal levies are not fulfilled—even when their term is full and they leave office, their prior arrears should be reckoned and their crimes corrected. Yet the responsible officials fail in oversight and do not impeach and correct, letting the guilty roam free and the guiltless wrongly suffer—this opens the road of wickedness and lengthens greed and violence. Is this what is called weighing circumstances in imposing punishment to correct the realm? From now on, for all who transfer and leave office, they shall list their performance ratings while in office and, according to regulations, impose punishment. Those who achieve merit shall receive added rank and favor; those with faults shall be exposed to punishment, so that ability and inability are clearly distinguished and punishment and reward do not err. The responsible officials shall clearly make regulations and take them as a constant model." Li Bao, Three-Director Equipage and Duke of Dunhuang, died.
32
冬十有二月戊申，詔曰：「朕承洪業，統御羣有，思恢政化，以濟兆民。 故薄賦斂以實其財，輕徭役以紓其力，欲令百姓修業，人不匱乏。 而六鎮、雲中、高平、二雍、秦州，徧遇災旱，年穀不收。 其遣開倉廩以賑之。 有流徙者，諭還桑梓。 欲市糴他界，為關傍郡，通其交易之路。 若典司之官，分職不均，使上恩不達於下，下民不贍於時，加以重罪，無有攸縱。」
In the twelfth month of winter, on the wushen day, an edict said, "We have received the great enterprise and rule the host; we think to restore government and teaching to succor the myriad people. Therefore we lighten levies and collections to fill their wealth and lighten corvée to ease their strength, wishing to let the common people cultivate their occupations so that none are in want. Yet the Six Garrisons, Yunzhong, Gaoping, the Two Yongs, and Qinzhou everywhere met disaster and drought, and the year's grain was not harvested. Let granaries and storehouses be opened to relieve them. Those who have fled and wandered, instruct them to return to their native places. Those who wish to buy grain in other regions—make the neighboring commanderies at the passes open the roads of trade. If the officials in charge do not divide duties evenly, so that the sovereign's favor does not reach below and the people below are not provided for in their time, add the heavy penalty—there shall be no escape."
33
和平元年春正月甲子朔，大赦，改元。 [3]庚午，詔散騎常侍馮闡使於劉駿。 二月，衞將軍、樂安王良督東雍、吐京、六壁諸軍西趣河西，征西將軍皮豹子等督河西諸軍南趨石樓，以討河西叛胡。
On the first day of the first month of spring of the first year of Heping, the jiazi day, there was a general amnesty and the era name was changed. [3] On the gengwu day an edict ordered Palace Attendant Feng Kan as envoy to Liu Jun. In the second month General of the Guard Liang, Prince of Le'an, supervised the armies of East Yong, Tujing, and Liubi west toward Hexi; Pi Baozi, General Who Conquers the West, and others supervised the Hexi armies south toward Shilou to attack the rebel Hu of Hexi.
34
夏四月戊戌，皇太后常氏崩於壽安宮。 五月癸酉，葬昭太后於廣寧鳴鷄山。 六月甲午，詔征西大將軍、陽平王新成等督統萬、高平諸軍出南道，南郡公李惠等督涼州諸軍出北道，討吐谷渾什寅。 崔浩之誅也，史官遂廢，至是復置。 河西叛胡詣長安首罪，遣使者安慰之。
In the fourth month of summer, on the wuxu day, Empress Dowager Chang died at Shou'an Palace. In the fifth month, on the guiyou day, Empress Dowager Zhao was buried at Mingji Mountain in Guangning. In the sixth month, on the jiawu day, an edict ordered Xincheng, General Who Conquers the West and Prince of Yangping, and others to supervise the armies of Tongwan and Gaoping and march by the southern route; Li Hui, Duke of Nanjun, and others to supervise the Liangzhou armies and march by the northern route to attack Murong Shiyin of Tuyuhun. When Cui Hao was executed the historiographical office was abolished; at this time it was restored. The rebel Hu of Hexi came to Chang'an to confess guilt; envoys were sent to comfort them.
35
秋七月乙丑，劉駿遣使朝貢。 壬午，行幸河西。 八月，西征諸軍至西平，什寅走保南山。 九月，諸軍濟河追之，遇瘴氣，多有疫疾，乃引軍還； 獲畜二十餘萬。 庚午，輿駕還宮。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the yichou day, Liu Jun sent envoys with tribute. On the renwu day the emperor went to Hexi. In the eighth month the western expedition armies reached Xiping; Shiyin fled and held Mount Nanshan. In the ninth month the armies crossed the river in pursuit; they met miasma and many suffered epidemic illness, then led the army back; they captured more than two hundred thousand head of livestock. On the gengwu day the court returned to the palace.
36
冬十月，居常王獻馴象三。 十有一月，詔散騎侍郎盧度世、員外郎朱安興使於劉駿。
In the tenth month of winter the king of Juchang presented three trained elephants. In the eleventh month an edict ordered Palace Attendant Lu Dushi and Outer Office Member Zhu Anxing as envoys to Liu Jun.
37
二年春正月乙酉，詔曰：「刺史牧民，為萬里之表。 自頃每因發調，逼民假貸，大商富賈，要射時利，旬日之間，增贏十倍。 上下通同，分以潤屋。 故編戶之家，困於凍餒； 豪富之門，日有兼積。 為政之弊，莫過於此。 其一切禁絕，犯者十疋以上皆死。 布告天下，咸令知禁。」 二月辛卯，行幸中山。 丙午，至于鄴，遂幸信都。 三月，劉駿遣使朝貢。 輿駕所過，皆親對高年，問民疾苦。 詔民年八十以上，一子不從役。 靈丘南有山，高四百餘丈。 乃詔羣官仰射山峯，無能踰者。 帝彎弧發矢，出山三十餘丈，過山南二百二十步，遂刊石勒銘。 是月，發并、肆州五千人治河西獵道。 辛巳，輿駕還宮。
In the first month of spring of the second year, on the yiyou day, an edict said, "The provincial governor shepherds the people and is the model for ten thousand li. Recently, whenever levies were issued, the people were forced to borrow; great merchants and rich traders speculated on seasonal profit, and within ten days profit increased tenfold. High and low connived together and divided the gain to enrich their houses. Therefore registered households are distressed by cold and hunger; the doors of the powerful and rich daily grow doubly richer. Among the defects of government, nothing surpasses this. Let it all be utterly forbidden; violators dealing in ten bolts of cloth or more shall die. Proclaim throughout the realm and let all know the prohibition." In the second month, on the xinmao day, the emperor went to Zhongshan. On the bingwu day he reached Ye, then went to Xinzhou. In the third month Liu Jun sent envoys with tribute. Wherever the court passed, he personally received the aged and inquired after the people's hardships. An edict ordered that for people eighty and above, one son was exempt from corvée. South of Lingqiu there is a mountain more than four hundred zhang high. An edict ordered the assembled officials to shoot upward at the mountain peak; none could surpass it. The emperor drew the bow and released an arrow; it went beyond the peak more than thirty zhang, passed south of the mountain two hundred twenty paces, and stone was carved with an inscription. That month five thousand men from Bing and Si provinces were sent to work on the hunting road in Hexi. On the xinsi day the court returned to the palace.
38
夏四月乙未，侍中、征東大將軍、河東王閭毗薨。 五月癸未，詔南部尚書黃盧頭、李敷等考課諸州。
In the fourth month of summer, on the yiwei day, Lu Pi, Palace Attendant, General Who Conquers the East, and Prince of Hedong, died. In the fifth month, on the guiwei day, an edict ordered Minister of the South Huang Lutou and Li Fu and others to examine and grade the provinces.
39
秋七月戊寅，封皇弟小新成為濟陰王，加征東大將軍，鎮平原； 天賜為汝陰王，加征南大將軍，鎮虎牢； 萬壽為樂浪王，加征北大將軍，鎮和龍； 洛侯為廣平王。 壬午，行巡山北。 八月戊辰，波斯國遣使朝獻。 丁丑，輿駕還宮。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the wuyin day, the emperor's younger brother Xiaoxincheng was enfeoffed as Prince of Jiyin, with added General Who Conquers the East, garrisoning Pingyuan; Tiansi as Prince of Runan, with added General Who Conquers the South, garrisoning Hulao; Wanshou as Prince of Lelang, with added General Who Conquers the North, garrisoning Helong; Luohou as Prince of Guangping. On the renwu day he traveled north of the mountains. In the eighth month, on the wuchen day, the state of Persia sent envoys with tribute. On the dingchou day the court returned to the palace.
40
冬十月，詔假員外散騎常侍游明根、員外郎昌邑侯和天德使于劉駿。 博陵之深澤、章武之束州，盜殺縣令，州軍討平之。 廣平王洛侯薨。
In the tenth month of winter an edict made Acting Outer Palace Attendant You Minggen and He Tiande, Outer Office Member and Marquis of Changyi, envoys to Liu Jun. In Shenze of Boling and Dongzhou of Zhangwu, bandits killed the county magistrate; provincial armies suppressed and pacified them. Prince of Guangping Luohou died.
41
三年春正月壬午，以車騎大將軍、東郡公乙渾為太原王。 癸未，樂浪王萬壽薨。 二月癸酉，畋于崞山，遂觀漁于旋鴻池。 三月甲申，劉駿遣使朝貢。 高麗、蓰王、契嚙、思厭於師、疏勒、石那、悉居半、渴槃陁諸國各遣使朝獻。
In the first month of spring of the third year, on the renwu day, Yi Hun, General of Chariots and Cavalry and Duke of Dongjun, was made Prince of Taiyuan. On the guiwei day Prince of Lelang Wanshou died. In the second month, on the guiyou day, he hunted at Mount Guo, then viewed fishing at Xuanhong Pool. In the third month, on the jiashen day, Liu Jun sent envoys with tribute. Koguryo, the King of Qi, the Qiechi, Siyan Yushi, Shule, Shina, Xijuban, Kapisa, and other states each sent envoys with tribute.
42
夏六月庚申，行幸陰山。 詔將軍陸真討雍州叛氐仇傉檀等，平之。
In the sixth month of summer, on the gengshen day, the emperor went to Yinshan. An edict ordered General Lu Zhen to attack the rebel Di of Yongzhou, Chou Lután and others, and pacify them.
43
秋七月壬寅，幸河西。 九月壬辰，征西大將軍、常山王素薨。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the renyin day, he went to Hexi. In the ninth month, on the renchen day, Su, General Who Conquers the West and Prince of Changshan, died.
44
四年春三月乙未，賜京師民年七十以上太官厨食，以終其年。 皇子胡仁薨，[5]追封樂陵王。 乙巳，詔曰：「朕憲章舊典，分職設官，欲令敷揚治化，緝熙庶績。 然在職之人，皆蒙顯擢，委以事任，當厲己竭誠，務省徭役，使兵民優逸，家給人贍。 今內外諸司、州鎮守宰，侵使兵民，勞役非一。 自今擅有召役，逼雇不程，皆論同枉法。」
In the third month of spring of the fourth year, on the yiwei day, Grand Steward kitchen food was granted to people of the capital seventy and above for the rest of their years. The imperial son Huren died; [5] he was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Leling. On the yisi day an edict said, "We take the old statutes as model, divide duties and establish offices, wishing to spread government and teaching and gather the multitude of achievements. Yet those in office all received conspicuous promotion and were entrusted with affairs—they should discipline themselves and exhaust sincerity, strive to reduce corvée, and let soldiers and people be at ease, households provided for and people supplied. Now within and without the various offices, and provincial and garrison governors and defenders, encroach upon and employ soldiers and people; forced labor is not of one kind. From now on, whoever on his own authority summons corvée or forces hire without proper measure—all are judged equal to bending the law."
45
夏四月癸亥，上幸西苑，親射虎三頭。 五月壬辰，侍中、漁陽王尉眷薨。 壬寅，行幸陰山。
In the fourth month of summer, on the guihai day, the emperor went to the Western Park and personally shot three tigers. In the fifth month, on the renchen day, Juan, Palace Attendant and Prince of Yuyang, died. On the renyin day the emperor went to Yinshan.
46
秋七月壬午，詔曰：「朕每歲以秋日閑月，命羣官講武平壤。 所幸之處，必立宮壇，糜費之功，勞損非一。 宜仍舊貫，何必改作也。」 八月丙寅，遂畋于河西。 詔曰：「朕順時畋獵，而從官殺獲過度，既殫禽獸，乖不合圍之義。 其敕從官及典圍將校，自今已後，不聽濫殺。 其畋獲皮肉，別自頒賚。」 壬申，詔曰：「前以民遭飢寒，不自存濟，有賣鬻男女者，盡仰還其家。 或因緣勢力，或私行請託，共相通容，不時檢校，令良家子息仍為奴婢。 今仰精究，不聽取贖，有犯加罪。 若仍不檢還，聽其父兄上訴，以掠人論。」 九月辛巳，車駕還宮。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the renwu day, an edict said, "We each year in the autumn idle months order the assembled officials to drill arms at Pingyuan. The places favored for travel always erect palace altars; the cost in waste and the labor in injury are not of one kind. It is fitting to follow the old practice—why must there be change?" In the eighth month, on the bingyin day, he then hunted in Hexi. An edict said, "We hunt according to the season, yet the followers' killing and capture were excessive; having exhausted the birds and beasts, this violates the meaning of not closing the encirclement. Let followers and encirclement commanders and officers from now on not be permitted indiscriminate killing. The skins and flesh of the hunt shall be separately distributed as gifts." On the renshen day an edict said, "Formerly because the people met cold and hunger and could not support themselves, there were those who sold men and women—let all be returned to their families. Some through power and influence, or through private requests and entreaties, mutually allowed concealment and did not timely investigate, so that sons and daughters of good households remained slaves and bondmaids. Now let there be thorough investigation; redemption is not permitted; violators receive added punishment. If they still are not investigated and returned, let their fathers and elder brothers appeal, judged as seizing people." In the ninth month, on the xinsi day, the court returned to the palace.
47
冬十月，以定、相二州霣霜殺稼，免民田租。 是月，詔員外散騎常侍游明根，驍騎將軍、昌邑子婁內近，寧朔將軍、襄平子李五鱗使于劉駿。
In the tenth month of winter, because Ding and Xiang provinces suffered frost that killed the crops, the people's field rent was remitted. That month an edict made Acting Outer Palace Attendant You Minggen, Lou Neijin, Valiant Cavalry General and Viscount of Changyi, and Li Wulin, General Who Pacifies the North and Viscount of Xiangping, envoys to Liu Jun.
48
十有二月辛丑，詔曰：「名位不同，禮亦異數，所以殊等級，示軌儀。 今喪葬嫁娶，大禮未備，貴勢豪富，越度奢靡，非所謂式昭典憲者也。 有司可為之條格，使貴賤有章，上下咸序，著之于令。」 壬寅，詔曰：「夫婚姻者，人道之始。 是以夫婦之義，三綱之首，禮之重者，莫過於斯。 尊卑高下，宜令區別。 然中代以來，貴族之門多不率法，或貪利財賄，或因緣私好，在於苟合，無所選擇，令貴賤不分，巨細同貫，塵穢清化，虧損人倫，將何以宣示典謨，垂之來裔。 今制皇族、師傅、王公侯伯及士民之家，[6]不得與百工、伎巧、卑姓為婚，犯者加罪。」
In the twelfth month, on the xinchou day, an edict said, "Names and ranks differ, and ritual also differs in number—thereby to distinguish grades and display standards. Now funerals, burials, marriages, and great rites are not complete; the noble and powerful overstep measure in extravagance—this is not what is called displaying the canonical statutes. The responsible offices may make regulations for this, so that noble and base have chapters, high and low all in order, and record it in the ordinance." On the renyin day an edict said, "Marriage is the beginning of human relations. Therefore the meaning of husband and wife is the head of the three bonds; among weighty rites, nothing surpasses this. Noble and base, high and low, ought to be made to differ. Yet from the middle ages until now, noble clans mostly do not follow the law, or are greedy for wealth and bribes, or act through private favor—being content with careless union without selection—so that noble and base are not divided, great and small share the same thread, defiling pure transformation and injuring human relations. How shall we display the canonical model and hand it down to posterity? Now it is decreed: the imperial clan, tutors, kings, dukes, marquises, earls, and the households of gentry and commoners [6] may not marry artisans, craftsmen, or base surnames; violators receive added punishment."
49
五年春正月丁亥，封皇弟雲為任城王。 二月，詔以州鎮十四去歲蟲、水，開倉賑恤。
In the first month of spring of the fifth year, on the dinghai day, the emperor's younger brother Yun was enfeoffed as Prince of Rencheng. In the second month, because fourteen provinces and garrisons last year suffered insects and flood, an edict ordered granaries opened for relief.
50
夏四月癸卯，頓丘公李峻，進爵為王。 閏月戊子，帝以旱故，減膳責躬。 是夜，澍雨大降。 五月庚申，劉駿死，子子業僭立。 六月丁亥，行幸陰山。
In the fourth month of summer, on the guimao day, Duke of Dunqiu Li Jun was advanced to prince. In the intercalary month, on the wuzi day, because of drought the emperor reduced meals and blamed himself. That night timely rain fell in great abundance. In the fifth month, on the gengshen day, Liu Jun died; his son Ziye usurped the throne. In the sixth month, on the dinghai day, the emperor went to Yinshan.
51
秋七月辛丑，北鎮游軍大破蠕蠕。 壬寅，行幸河西。 九月辛丑，車駕還宮。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the xinchou day, the northern garrison mobile army greatly defeated the Rouran. On the renyin day the emperor went to Hexi. In the ninth month, on the xinchou day, the court returned to the palace.
52
六年春正月丙申，大赦天下。 二月丁丑，行幸樓煩宮。 高麗、蓰王、對曼諸國各遣使朝獻。 三月戊戌，相州刺史西平郡王吐谷渾權薨。 乙巳，車駕還宮。
In the first month of spring of the sixth year, on the bingshen day, there was a general amnesty throughout the realm. In the second month, on the dingchou day, the emperor went to the Loufan Palace. Koguryo, the King of Qi, Duiman, and other states each sent envoys with tribute. In the third month, on the wuxu day, Murong Quan, Governor of Xiangzhou and Prince of Xiping Commandery, died. On the yisi day the court returned to the palace.
53
夏四月，破洛那國獻汗血馬，普嵐國獻寶劍。 五月癸卯，帝崩于太華殿，時年二十六。 六月丙寅，上尊諡曰文成皇帝，廟號高宗。 八月，葬雲中之金陵。
In the fourth month of summer the state of Boluona presented sweat-blood horses and the state of Pulan presented a precious sword. In the fifth month, on the guimao day, the emperor died at the Taihua Hall; he was twenty-six. In the sixth month, on the bingyin day, the posthumous title Emperor Wencheng was honored and the temple name Gaozong. In the eighth month he was buried at Jinling in Yunzhong.
54
史臣曰：世祖經略四方，內頗虛耗。 既而國釁時艱，朝野楚楚。 高宗與時消息，靜以鎮之，養威布德，懷緝中外。 自非機悟深裕，矜濟為心，亦何能若此！ 可謂有君人之度矣。
The historiographer says: Shizu strategized the four directions; within, depletion was considerable. Then national peril was at times difficult; court and countryside were in distress. Gaozong responded to the times and kept still to settle them, nurturing awe and spreading virtue, cherishing and gathering within and without. Unless one were deep in resourceful understanding and took compassion and succor as the heart, how could one be like this! It may be said that he had the measure of a ruler.
55
校勘記
Collation notes
56
復北平公長孫敦王爵諸本「敦」都作「敷」，北史卷二魏紀二作「敦」。 按長孫敦降爵，見卷四下世祖紀下太平真君九年 〈四四八〉。 卷二五本傳 〈補〉 稱敦「高祖時」復爵，「高祖」乃「高宗」之訛，但其人確名「敦」。 這裏「敷」是「敦」的形訛，今據改。
Restored Duke of Beiping Changsun Dun's princely rank: all editions read "Dun" as "Fu"; Beishi juan 2, Wei Ji 2, reads "Dun." Changsun Dun's demotion in rank is recorded in juan 4b of the Annals of Shizu, ninth year of Taiping Zhenjun 〈p. 448〉 Biography in juan 25. 〈supplement〉 states that Dun "in the time of Gaozong" had his rank restored; "Gaozu" is an error for "Gaozong," but the man's name was indeed "Dun." Here "Fu" is a graphic error for "Dun"; now changed accordingly.
57
十一月詔征西將軍皮豹子等三將三萬騎助擊孝祖諸本無「十一月詔」四字，冊府卷一二一 〈一四四九頁〉 有。 按通鑑卷一二八 〈四０四０頁〉 記此事，系於十一月，北史卷二太安四年刪去此事，但仍稱「十一月，車駕渡漠」。 這裏此條上既脫去月份，下面「車駕渡漠」也就和此事一起歸入十月，顯誤。 今據補。
Eleventh month, edict: General Who Conquers the West Pi Baozi and three other commanders with thirty thousand horsemen to assist in attacking Xiaozu: all editions lack the four characters "eleventh month, edict"; Cefu juan 121 〈p. 1449〉 has them. Zizhi Tongjian juan 128 〈p. 4040〉 records this matter, placing it in the eleventh month; Beishi juan 2, fourth year of Tai'an, deletes this matter but still says "eleventh month, the imperial carriage crossed the desert." Here, since the month was lost above this entry, below "the imperial carriage crossed the desert" was also grouped with this matter into the tenth month—clearly an error. Now supplemented accordingly.
58
和平元年春正月甲子朔大赦改元冊府卷一七四 〈二０九八頁〉 記：「和平元年正月，帝東巡，歷橋山，祀黃帝。」 今無其文，疑脫。
First year of Heping, spring, first month, day jiazi first of month, general amnesty, era name changed: Cefu juan 174 〈p. 2098〉 records: "First year of Heping, first month, the Emperor toured east, passing Qiaoshan, sacrificing to the Yellow Emperor." That text is not now present—suspected lacuna.
59
零陵王閭拔薨張森楷云：「『跋』當作『紇』。」 按上文太安二年九月辛巳條和卷八三外戚閭毗傳 〈補〉 都作「閭紇」，張說是。
Prince of Lingling Lu Ba died: Zhang Senkai says: "'Ba' should be 'Ge.'" According to the entry above, second year of Tai'an, ninth month, day xinsi, and juan 83, Biographies of Outer Kin, Lu Pi 〈supplement〉 both read "Lu Ge"; Zhang is correct.
60
皇子胡仁薨按卷一九上景穆十二王傳 〈補〉 序稱「尉椒房生樂陵康王胡兒」，北史卷一七景穆十二王傳序作「胡仁」。 當時北方讀音，「仁」「兒」不別。 卷一九下章武王太洛傳稱「子彬，字豹兒」，墓誌集釋元舉墓誌 〈圖版一五四〉 稱「祖章武烈王彬字豹仁」。 卷二七穆崇傳附見穆龍仁，北史卷二０穆崇傳附見作「龍兒」。 又如卷八世宗紀永平元年十二月見梁將齊苟仁，北史卷四魏紀四、梁書卷一七馬仙琕傳作「齊苟兒」； 卷七五尒朱兆傳，「兆字萬仁」，周書卷一文帝紀作「吐萬兒」，梁書卷三二陳慶之傳作「吐沒兒」。 北史卷四八尒朱榮傳云：「北人語訛，語『尒朱』為『人主』。」 「尒」讀如「人」猶「兒」讀如「仁」。 今後此類不再出校記。 又其人乃拓拔晃 〈景穆帝〉 子，拓跋濬 〈高宗文成帝〉 弟，這裏「皇子」當作「皇弟」。
The imperial son Huren died: according to juan 19a, Biographies of the Twelve Princes of Emperor Jingmu 〈supplement〉 preface states "born to the Wei chamber, the Leling Prince Kang Wang Hu'er"; Beishi juan 17, preface to Biographies of the Twelve Princes of Emperor Jingmu, reads "Huren." At that time in the northern pronunciation, "Ren" and "Er" were not distinguished. Juan 19b, Biography of Prince Zhangwu Tailuo, states "son Bin, taboo name Bao'er"; the collected epigraphic explanation, Yuan Ju's tomb epitaph 〈plate 154〉 reads "grandfather Prince Zhangwu Lie Wang Bin taboo name Bao Ren." Juan 27, Biography of Mu Chong, also mentions Mu Longren; Beishi juan 20, Biography of Mu Chong, mentions "Long'er." Again juan 8, Annals of Shizong, twelfth month of the first year of Yongping, mentions Liang general Qi Gouren; Beishi juan 4, Wei Ji 4, and Liangshu juan 17, Biography of Ma Xianbi, read "Qi Gou'er"; juan 75, Biography of Erzhu Zhao, "Zhao taboo name Wanren," Zhou Shu juan 1, Annals of Wendi, reads "Tuwu'er," Liangshu juan 32, Biography of Chen Qingzhi, reads "Tumuo'er." Beishi juan 48, Biography of Erzhu Rong, states: "In northern speech there is error; 'Erzhu' is read as 'human lord.'" 'Er' is read like 'ren' just as 'er' is read like 'ren.' Hereafter such cases will no longer receive collation notes. Moreover the man was Tuoba Huang 〈Emperor Jingmu〉 son, Tuoba Jun 〈Gaozong, Emperor Wencheng〉 younger brother—here "imperial son" should be "imperial younger brother."
61
今制皇族師傅王公侯伯及士民之家北史卷二 〈百衲本〉 、御覽卷一０二 〈四九０頁〉 引後魏書「師傅」作「肺腑」。 按史記卷一九惠景間侯者年表序有「諸侯子弟若肺腑」語，索隱謂肺腑「以喻人主疎末之親」。 這裏指王公侯伯，正是所謂「疎末之親」。 御覽引後魏書而與北史同，知魏書本作「肺腑」。
Now it is decreed: the imperial clan, tutors, kings, dukes, marquises, earls, and the households of gentry and commoners: Beishi juan 2 〈Bainabon edition〉 , Yulan juan 102 〈p. 490〉 citing Later Wei Shu reads "tutors" as "pulmonary lobe." According to Shiji juan 19, Annals of Princes between Emperor Hui and Emperor Jing, preface, there is the phrase "the feudal lords' younger sons are like pulmonary lobes"; Suoyin explains pulmonary lobe as "using a metaphor for the ruler's remote kin." Here it refers to kings, dukes, marquises, and earls—precisely what are called "remote kin." Yulan citing Later Wei Shu agrees with Beishi, showing the Wei Shu original read "pulmonary lobe."