1
顯祖獻文皇帝，諱弘，高宗文成皇帝之長子也，母曰李貴人。 興光元年秋七月，生於陰山之北。 太安二年二月，立為皇太子。 聰叡機悟，幼而有濟民神武之規，仁孝純至，禮敬師友。 和平六年夏五月甲辰，即皇帝位，大赦天下。 尊皇后曰皇太后。 車騎大將軍乙渾矯詔殺尚書楊保年、平陽公賈愛仁、南陽公張天度于禁中。 戊申，侍中、司徒、平原王陸麗自湯泉入朝，渾又殺之。 己酉，以侍中、車騎大將軍乙渾為太尉、錄尚書事，東安王劉尼為司徒，尚書左僕射和其奴為司空。 壬子，以淮南王他為鎮西大將軍、儀同三司，鎮涼州。 六月，封繁陽侯李嶷為丹陽王，征東大將軍馮熙為昌黎王。 乙丑，詔曰：「夫賦斂煩則民財匱，課調輕則用不足，是以十一而稅，頌聲作矣。 先朝榷其輕重，以惠百姓。 朕承洪業，上惟祖宗之休命，夙興待旦，惟民之恤，欲令天下同於逸豫。 而徭賦不息，將何以塞煩去苛，拯濟黎元者哉！ 今兵革不起，畜積有餘，諸有雜調，一以與民。」
Xianzu, Emperor Xianwen, bore the taboo name Hong. He was the eldest son of Gaozong, Emperor Wencheng; his mother was Lady Li, Honored Person. In the seventh month of autumn of the first year of Xingguang he was born north of Yinshan. In the second month of the second year of Tai'an he was installed as crown prince. Clever, perceptive, and quick of wit, even as a boy he showed a mind to succor the people with divine martial prowess. Pure in benevolence and filial piety, he honored teachers and friends with ritual courtesy. In the fifth month of summer of the sixth year of Heping, on the jiachen day, he took the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty throughout the realm. The empress was honored as empress dowager. Yi Hun, General of Chariots and Cavalry, forged an edict and killed Yang Baonian, Minister of the Masters of Writing, Jia Airen, Duke of Pingyang, and Zhang Tiandu, Duke of Nanyang, within the inner palace. On the wushen day Lu Li, Attendant-in-Ordinary, Minister of Works, and Prince of Pingyuan, came to court from Tangquan; Yi Hun killed him as well. On the jiyou day Yi Hun, Attendant-in-Ordinary and General of Chariots and Cavalry, was made Grand Commandant and Recorder of Secretariat Affairs; Liu Ni, Prince of Dong'an, was made Minister of the Masses; and He Qinu, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, was made Minister of Works. On the renzi day Prince of Huainan Ta was made Grand General Who Guards the West with equipage equal to the Three Directors and posted to garrison Liangzhou. In the sixth month Li Ni, Marquis of Fanyang, was enfeoffed as Prince of Danyang, and Feng Xi, General Who Conquers the East, as Prince of Changli. On the yichou day an edict stated, "When levies and collections are burdensome the people's wealth is exhausted; when assessments are too light the treasury falls short—hence the one-tenth tax, and songs of praise arose. The former court weighed their burden to benefit the common people. We inherit the great enterprise and look up to the ancestors' mandate of blessing. Rising early and awaiting dawn, we think only of the people's hardship, wishing to make all under Heaven share in ease and delight. Yet corvée and levies do not cease—how shall we block excess, remove harshness, and rescue the common people! Now arms are not raised and stores are abundant; all miscellaneous levies are hereby remitted to the people."
2
秋七月癸巳，太尉乙渾為丞相，位居諸王上，事無大小，皆決於渾。 九月庚子，曲赦京師。 丙午，詔曰：「先朝以州牧親民，宜置良佐，故敕有司，班九條之制，使前政選吏，以待俊乂，[1]必謂銓衡允衷，朝綱應叙。 然牧司寬惰，不祗憲旨，舉非其人，愆于典度。 今制：刺史守宰到官之日，仰自舉民望忠信，以為選官，不聽前政共相干冒。 若簡任失所，以罔上論。」 是月，劉子業征北大將軍、義陽王劉昶自彭城來降。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the guisi day, Grand Commandant Yi Hun was made chancellor, ranking above all princes; great and small affairs were all decided by Yi Hun. In the ninth month, on the gengzi day, a partial amnesty was proclaimed in the capital. On the bingwu day an edict stated, "The former court held that because provincial governors are close to the people they should appoint worthy assistants; therefore it charged the offices with promulgating the Nine Articles, making the outgoing administration select officials to await the worthy and able, [1] surely meaning that the scales of office would be even-handed and court discipline properly ordered. Yet the governors and inspectors were lax and remiss and did not reverence the charter's intent; they recommended unworthy men and transgressed the statutes. The present regulation is this: when governors and magistrates arrive at their posts, they are to nominate men of local repute who are loyal and trustworthy to serve as selection officials, and may not collude with the outgoing administration. If selection and appointment miss the mark, they are to be judged for deceiving the throne." That month Liu Chang, Liu Ziye's General Who Campaigns North and Prince of Yiyang, came from Pengcheng to surrender.
3
冬十月，徵陽平王新成、京兆王子推、濟陰王小新成、汝陰王天賜、任城王雲入朝。
In the tenth month of winter Princes Xincheng of Yangping, Zitui of Jingzhao, Xiaoxincheng of Jiyin, Tiansi of Ruyin, and Yun of Rencheng were summoned to court.
4
天安元年春正月乙丑朔，大赦，改年。 二月庚申，丞相、太原王乙渾謀反伏誅。 乙亥，以侍中元孔雀為濮陽王，侍中陸定國為東郡王。 三月庚子，以隴西王源賀為太尉。 辛丑，高宗文成皇帝神主祔于太廟。 辛亥，帝幸道壇，親受符籙； 曲赦京師。 高麗、波斯、于闐、阿襲諸國遣使朝獻。
In the first month of spring of the first year of Tian'an, on the yichou day, the new moon, a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed. In the second month, on the gengshen day, Yi Hun, chancellor and Prince of Taiyuan, plotted rebellion and was executed. On the yihai day Yuan Kongque, Attendant-in-Ordinary, was made Prince of Puyang, and Lu Dingguo, Attendant-in-Ordinary, Prince of Dongjun. In the third month, on the gengzi day, Yuan He of Longxi was made Grand Commandant. On the xinchou day the spirit tablet of Gaozong, Emperor Wencheng, was associated in the Grand Temple. On the xinhai day the emperor visited the Dao altar and personally received talismans and registers; a partial amnesty was proclaimed in the capital. Goryeo, Persia, Khotan, Axi, and other states each sent envoys with tribute.
5
秋七月辛亥，詔諸有詐取爵位，罪特原之，削其爵職。 其有祖、父假爵號貨賕以正名者，不聽繼襲。 諸非勞進超遷者，亦各還初。 不以實聞者，以大不敬論。 九月，劉彧司州刺史常珍奇以懸瓠內屬。 己酉，初立鄉學，郡置博士二人、助教二人、學生六十人。 劉彧徐州刺史薛安都以彭城內屬，彧將張永、沈攸之擊安都。 詔北部尚書尉元為鎮南大將軍、都督諸軍事，鎮東將軍、城陽公孔伯恭為副，出東道救彭城； 殿中尚書、鎮西大將軍、西河公元石都督荊、豫、南雍州諸軍事，給事中、京兆侯張窮奇為副，出西道救懸瓠。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the xinhai day, an edict pardoned all who had fraudulently obtained rank and title but stripped them of rank and office. Those whose ancestors or fathers had borrowed titles and bribed to regularize their names were not permitted to succeed. All who had been promoted or transferred beyond merit were likewise returned to their original status. Those who did not report truthfully were to be judged for great irreverence. In the ninth month Chang Zhenqi, Liu Yu's inspector of Sizhou, submitted Xuanhu to allegiance. On the jiyou day village schools were first established; each commandery was to have two Erudites, two teaching assistants, and sixty students. Xue Andu, Liu Yu's inspector of Xuzhou, submitted Pengcheng to allegiance; Liu Yu's generals Zhang Yong and Shen Youzhi attacked him. An edict named Wei Yuan, Minister of the Northern Bureau, Grand General Who Guards the South and commander-in-chief of all military affairs, with Kong Bogong, General Who Guards the East and Duke of Chengyang, as deputy, to march by the eastern route to relieve Pengcheng; Yuan Shi, Palace Attendant of the Masters of Writing, Grand General Who Guards the West, and Duke of Xihe, was to command the military affairs of Jing, Yu, and Southern Yong provinces, with Zhang Qiongqi, palace attendant giving and Marquis of Jingzhao, as deputy, to march by the western route to relieve Xuanhu.
6
是歲，州鎮十一旱，民饑，開倉賑恤。
That year eleven provinces and garrisons suffered drought; the people were famished, and granaries were opened for relief.
7
皇興元年春正月癸巳，尉元大破張永、沈攸之於呂梁東，斬首數萬級，凍死者甚眾。 獲劉彧秦州刺史垣恭祖、羽林監沈承伯。 永、攸之單騎走免。 獲軍資器械不可勝數。 劉彧遣使朝貢。 庚子，東平王道符謀反於長安，殺副將、駙馬都尉萬古真，鉅鹿公李恢，雍州刺史魚玄明。 丙午，詔司空、平昌公和其奴，東陽公元丕等討道符。 丁未，道符司馬段太陽攻道符，斬之，傳首京師。 道符兄弟皆伏誅。 閏月，以頓丘王李峻為太宰。 劉彧青州刺史沈文秀、冀州刺史崔道固並遣使請舉州內屬，詔平東將軍長孫陵，平南將軍、廣陵公侯窮奇赴援之。 二月，詔使持節、都督諸軍事、征南大將軍慕容白曜督騎五萬次於碻磝，為東道後援。 濟陰王小新成薨。 高麗、庫莫奚、具伏弗、郁羽陵、日連、匹黎尒、于闐諸國各遣使朝貢。 劉彧東平太守申纂戍無鹽，遏絕王使，詔征南大將軍慕容白曜督諸軍以討之。 三月甲寅，克之。 沈文秀、崔道固復叛歸劉彧，白曜回師討之，拔彧肥城、垣苗、麋溝三戍。
In the first month of spring of the first year of Huangxing, on the guisi day, Wei Yuan greatly defeated Zhang Yong and Shen Youzhi east of Lüliang; heads taken numbered in the tens of thousands, and very many died of cold. Yuan Gongzu, Liu Yu's inspector of Qinzhou, and Shen Chengbo, Feathered Forest supervisor, were captured. Zhang Yong and Shen Youzhi fled alone on horseback and escaped. Military stores and weapons captured were beyond counting. Liu Yu sent envoys with tribute. On the gengzi day Prince of Dongping Daofu plotted rebellion at Chang'an, killing the deputy commander Wangu Zhen, Commandant of the Majestic Steeds, Li Hui, Duke of Julu, and Yu Xuanming, inspector of Yongzhou. On the bingwu day an edict ordered He Qinu, Minister of Works and Duke of Pingchang, Yuan Pi, Prince of Dongyang, and others to campaign against Daofu. On the dingwei day Daofu's major Duan Taiyang attacked him, beheaded him, and sent the head to the capital. Daofu's brothers were all executed. In the intercalary month Li Jun, Prince of Dunqiu, was made Grand Preceptor. Shen Wenxiu, Liu Yu's inspector of Qingzhou, and Cui Daogu, inspector of Jizhou, each sent envoys asking to submit their provinces inward; an edict ordered Changsun Ling, General Who Pacifies the East, and Hou Qiongqi, General Who Pacifies the South and Duke of Guangling, to go to their aid. In the second month an edict ordered Murong Baiyao, bearer of the staff of authority, commander-in-chief of all military affairs, and General Who Campaigns South, with fifty thousand cavalry, to encamp at Que'ao as reserve for the eastern route. Prince of Jiyin Xiaoxincheng died. Goryeo, Kumo Xi, Jufufu, Yuyuling, Rilian, Pili'er, Khotan, and other states each sent envoys with tribute. Shen Zuan, Liu Yu's administrator of Dongping, garrisoned Wuyan, blocked the king's envoys, and cut off communications; an edict ordered Murong Baiyao, General Who Campaigns South, to command the armies against him. In the third month, on the jiayin day, it was taken. Shen Wenxiu and Cui Daogu again rebelled and returned to Liu Yu; Baiyao turned his army against them and took three of Liu Yu's garrisons—Feicheng, Yuanmiao, and Migou.
8
夏四月，白曜攻升城，戍主房崇吉遁走。
In the fourth month of summer Baiyao attacked Shengcheng; the garrison commander Fang Chongji fled.
9
秋八月，白曜攻歷城。 丁酉，行幸武州山石窟寺。 戊申，皇子宏生，大赦，改年。 九月壬子，高麗、于闐、普嵐、粟特國各遣使朝獻。 丁巳，進馮翊公李白爵梁郡王。 是月，詔賜六鎮貧人布，人三匹。
In the eighth month of autumn Baiyao attacked Licheng. On the dingyou day the court traveled in person to the stone cave temple on Mount Wuzhou. On the wushen day the imperial son Hong was born; a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed. In the ninth month, on the renzi day, Goryeo, Khotan, Pulan, and Sogdiana each sent envoys with tribute. On the dingsi day Li Bai, Duke of Fenyang, was advanced in rank to Prince of Liang. That month an edict granted cloth to the poor of the Six Garrisons, three bolts per person.
10
冬十月癸卯，田於那男池。 濮陽王孔雀坐怠慢，降爵為公。
In the tenth month of winter, on the guimao day, a hunt was held at Nan'anchi. Kongque, Prince of Puyang, for the offense of negligence, was demoted in rank to duke.
11
二年春二月癸未，田于西山，親射虎豹。 崔道固及劉彧梁鄒戍主、平原太守劉休賓舉城降。 是月，徐州羣盜司馬休符自稱晉王，將軍尉元討平之。 三月，白曜進圍東陽。 戊午，劉彧遣使朝貢。
In the second month of spring of the second year, on the guiwei day, a hunt was held on Western Mountain; the emperor personally shot tigers and leopards. Cui Daogu and Liu Xiubin, Liu Yu's garrison commander of Liangzou and administrator of Pingyuan, each surrendered their cities. That month Sima Xiufu, a bandit leader in Xuzhou, styled himself King of Jin; General Wei Yuan suppressed and pacified him. In the third month Baiyao advanced to besiege Dongyang. On the wuwu day Liu Yu sent envoys with tribute.
12
夏四月辛丑，以南郡公李惠為征南大將軍、儀同三司、都督關右諸軍事、雍州刺史，進爵為王。 高麗、庫莫奚、契丹，具伏弗、郁羽陵、日連、匹黎尒、叱六手、悉萬丹、阿大何、羽真侯、于闐、波斯國各遣使朝獻。 [2]五月乙卯，田于崞山，遂幸繁畤。 辛酉，還宮。 六月庚辰，以河南闢地，曲赦京師殊死以下。 以昌黎王馮熙為太傅。
In the fourth month of summer, on the xinchou day, Li Hui, Duke of Nanjun, was made General Who Campaigns South with equipage equal to the Three Directors, commander-in-chief of the military affairs of the passes west and inspector of Yongzhou, and advanced in rank to prince. Goryeo, Kumo Xi, Khitan, Jufufu, Yuyuling, Rilian, Pili'er, Chiliushou, Ximandan, A'dahe, Yuzhenhou, Khotan, Persia, and other states each sent envoys with tribute. [2] In the fifth month, on the yimao day, a hunt was held on Mount Guo; then the court visited Fanchi. On the xinyou day the court returned to the palace. In the sixth month, on the gengchen day, because Henan had opened new lands, a partial amnesty was proclaimed in the capital for offenses below capital punishment. Feng Xi, Prince of Changli, was made Grand Tutor.
13
秋九月辛亥，封皇叔楨為南安王，長壽為城陽王，太洛為章武王，休為安定王。
In the ninth month of autumn, on the xinhai day, the imperial uncle Zhen was enfeoffed as Prince of Nan'an, Changshou as Prince of Chengyang, Tailuo as Prince of Zhangwu, and Xiu as Prince of Anding.
14
冬十月辛丑，上田於冷泉。 十有一月，以州鎮二十七水旱，開倉賑恤。 十有二月甲午，詔曰：「頃張永迷擾，敢拒王威，暴骨原隰，殘廢不少。 死生冤痛，朕甚愍焉。 天下民一也，可敕郡縣，永軍殘廢之士，聽還江南； 露骸草莽者，收瘞之。」 是月，悉萬丹等十餘國各遣使朝貢。
In the tenth month of winter, on the xinchou day, the emperor led a hunt at Lengquan. In the eleventh month twenty-seven provinces and garrisons suffered flood and drought; granaries were opened for relief. In the twelfth month, on the jiawu day, an edict stated, "Recently Zhang Yong, deluded and in turmoil, dared resist the king's majesty; bones lie exposed on the plains and marshes, and the maimed and ruined are not few. The living and dead suffer injustice and pain; we are deeply moved with pity. The people of the realm are one; let the commanderies and counties be charged: soldiers of Zhang Yong's army who are maimed and ruined are to be permitted to return south of the Yangtze; those whose bare bones lie in the wild grass are to be gathered and buried." That month more than ten states including Ximandan each sent envoys with tribute.
15
夏四月壬辰，劉彧遣使朝貢。 丙申，名皇子曰宏，大赦天下。 丁酉，田于崞山。 五月，徙青州民於京師。 六月辛未，立皇子宏為皇太子。
In the fourth month of summer, on the renchen day, Liu Yu sent envoys with tribute. On the bingchen day the imperial son was given the name Hong; a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On the dingyou day a hunt was held on Mount Guo. In the fifth month the people of Qingzhou were relocated to the capital. In the sixth month, on the xinwei day, the imperial son Hong was installed as crown prince.
16
秋七月，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。
In the seventh month of autumn the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute.
17
冬十月，侍中、太宰、頓丘王李峻薨。 十有一月，吐谷渾別帥白楊提度汗率戶內附。 襄城公韓頹進爵為王。
In the tenth month of winter Li Jun, Attendant-in-Ordinary, Grand Preceptor, and Prince of Dunqiu, died. In the eleventh month Baiyang Tiduhan, a separate division chief of Tuyuhun, led his households inward in submission. Han Tui, Duke of Xiangcheng, was advanced in rank to prince.
18
四年春正月，詔州鎮十一民飢，開倉賑恤。 二月，以東郡王陸定國為司空。 高麗、庫莫奚、契丹各遣使朝獻。 吐谷渾拾寅不供職貢，詔使持節、征西大將軍、上黨王長孫觀討之。 廣陽王石侯薨。 三月丙戌，詔曰：「朕思百姓病苦，民多非命，明發不寐，疚心疾首。 是以廣集良醫，遠採名藥，欲以救護兆民。 可宣告天下，民有病者，所在官司遣醫就家診視，所須藥物，任醫量給之。」
In the first month of spring of the fourth year an edict noted that eleven provinces and garrisons had famished people; granaries were opened for relief. In the second month Lu Dingguo, Prince of Dongjun, was made Minister of Works. Goryeo, Kumo Xi, and Khitan each sent envoys with tribute. Shibin of Tuyuhun did not present tribute and service; an edict ordered Changsun Guan, bearer of the staff of authority, General Who Campaigns West, and Prince of Shangdang, to campaign against him. Shi Hou, Prince of Guangyang, died. In the third month, on the bingxu day, an edict stated, "We think on the people's illness and suffering; many among them meet untimely death; from clear dawn we find no sleep; guilt weighs on our heart and pain racks our head. Therefore we broadly gather skilled physicians and gather famous drugs from afar, wishing thereby to succor the myriad people. This may be proclaimed throughout the realm: when the people have illness, the local offices are to send physicians to visit their homes and diagnose them; needed drugs are to be supplied by the physicians as they judge fit."
19
夏四月辛丑，大赦天下。 戊申，長孫觀軍至曼頭山，大破拾寅，拾寅與麾下數百騎宵遁，拾寅從弟豆勿來及其渠帥匹婁拔累等率所領降附。 五月，封皇弟長樂為建昌王。 六月，劉彧遣使朝貢。
In the fourth month of summer, on the xinchou day, a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On the wushen day Changsun Guan's army reached Mantou Mountain and greatly defeated Shibin; Shibin fled by night with several hundred horsemen of his retinue; his younger cousin Douwulai and chieftains including Pilouba and Lei led their followers to surrender. In the fifth month the imperial younger brother Changle was enfeoffed as Prince of Jianchang. In the sixth month Liu Yu sent envoys with tribute.
20
秋八月，羣盜入彭城，殺鎮將元解愁，長史勒兵滅之。 蠕蠕犯塞。 九月丙寅，輿駕北伐，諸將俱會于女水，大破虜眾。 事具蠕蠕傳。 司徒、東安王劉尼坐事免。 壬申，車駕至自北伐，飲至策勳，告於宗廟。
In the eighth month of autumn bandits entered Pengcheng, killed the garrison commander Yuan Jiechou, and the chief clerk led troops and destroyed them. The Rouran raided the frontier. In the ninth month, on the bingyin day, the court campaigned north; the generals all assembled at Nüshui and greatly defeated the barbarian hosts. The matter is fully set forth in the Rouran Annals. Liu Ni, Minister of the Masses and Prince of Dong'an, was dismissed for an offense. On the renshen day the court returned from the northern campaign; a drinking ceremony was held, merit was recorded, and report was made at the ancestral temple.
21
冬十月，誅濟南王慕容白曜、高平王李敷。 十有一月，詔弛山澤之禁。 十有二月甲辰，幸鹿野苑、石窟寺。 陽平王新成薨。
In the tenth month of winter Murong Baiyao, Prince of Jinan, and Li Fu, Prince of Gaoping, were executed. In the eleventh month an edict relaxed prohibitions on mountains and marshes. In the twelfth month, on the jiachen day, the court visited Luye Park and the stone cave temple. Xincheng, Prince of Yangping, died.
22
五年春三月乙亥，詔曰：「天安以來，軍國多務，南定徐方，北掃遺虜。 征戍之人，亡竄非一，雖罪合刑書，每加哀宥。 然寬政猶水，逋逃遂多。 宜申明典刑，以肅姦偽。 自今諸有逃亡之兵及下代守宰浮游不赴者，限六月三十日悉聽歸首，不首者，論如律。」 詔假員外散騎常侍邢祐使於劉彧。 [3]
In the third month of spring of the fifth year, on the yihai day, an edict stated, "Since Tian'an, military and state affairs have been many; in the south Xu was pacified, in the north remnant barbarians were swept away. Men on campaign and garrison have fled and scattered in no small number; though their crimes fit the penal code, we have repeatedly shown compassionate pardon. Yet lenient government is like water, and fugitives have accordingly grown many. It is fitting to clarify the canonical punishments to awe treachery and fraud. From now on all fugitive soldiers and outgoing magistrates and garrison commanders who roam and do not report are, by the thirtieth day of the sixth month, all permitted to surrender; those who do not surrender are to be judged according to law." An edict named Xing You, Acting Palace Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, envoy to Liu Yu. The text is deficient.
23
夏四月，西部敕勒叛，詔汝陰王天賜、給事中羅雲討之。 雲為敕勒所襲殺，死者十五六。 北平王長孫敦薨。 六月丁未，行幸河西。 秋七月丙寅，遂至陰山。 八月丁亥，車駕還宮。
In the fourth month of summer the western Tiele rebelled; an edict ordered Tiansi, Prince of Ruyin, and Luo Yun, palace attendant giving, to campaign against them. Luo Yun was attacked and killed by the Tiele; five or six in ten of his men died. Changsun Dun, Prince of Beiping, died. In the sixth month, on the dingwei day, the court traveled to Hexi. In the seventh month of autumn, on the bingyin day, the court then reached Yinshan. In the eighth month, on the dinghai day, the court returned to the palace.
24
帝雅薄時務，常有遺世之心，欲禪位於叔父京兆王子推，語在任城王雲傳，羣臣固請，帝乃止。 丙午，冊命太子曰：「昔堯舜之禪天下也，皆由其子不肖。 若丹朱、商均能負荷者，豈搜揚仄陋而授之哉？ 爾雖沖弱，有君人之表，必能恢隆王道，以濟兆民。 今使太保、建安王陸馛，太尉源賀持節奉皇帝璽綬，致位於爾躬。 其踐昇帝位，克廣洪業，以光祖宗之烈，使朕優遊履道，頤神養性，可不善歟？」 丁未，詔曰：「朕承洪業，運屬太平，淮岱率從，四海清晏。 是以希心玄古，志存澹泊。 躬覽萬務，則損頤神之和； 一日或曠，政有淹滯之失。 但子有天下，歸尊於父； 父有天下，傳之於子。 今稽協靈運，考會羣心，爰命儲宮，踐昇大位。 朕方優遊恭己，栖心浩然，社稷乂安，克廣其業，不亦善乎？ 百官有司，其祗奉胤子，以答天休。 宣布宇內，咸使聞悉。」 於是羣公奏曰：「昔三皇之世，澹泊無為，故稱皇。 是以漢高祖既稱皇帝，尊其父為太上皇，明不統天下。 今皇帝幼沖，萬機大政，猶宜陛下總之。 謹上尊號太上皇帝。」 乃從之。 己酉，太上皇帝徙御崇光宮，採椽不斵，土階而已。 國之大事咸以聞。
The emperor by nature held worldly affairs in light esteem and often had a mind to leave the world; he wished to abdicate the throne to his paternal uncle Zitui, Prince of Jingzhao—the account is in the Biography of Prince of Rencheng Yun—and when the ministers firmly petitioned, he desisted. On the bingwu day the investiture edict to the crown prince stated, "Of old when Yao and Shun ceded the realm to all under Heaven, it was because their sons were unworthy. If Danzhu and Shangjun could bear the burden, how would they have sought out the obscure and lowly to confer it? Though you are young and tender, you have the bearing of a ruler; you will surely be able to restore and exalt the kingly Way and thereby succor the myriad people. Now we send Lu Fu, Grand Tutor and Prince of Jian'an, and Yuan He, Grand Commandant, bearing the staff of authority, to present the imperial seal and cord and transfer the position to your person. Take up the imperial throne, expand the great enterprise, and brighten the ancestors' glory, that we may roam at ease upon the Way, nourish the spirit and nurture the nature—can this fail to be good?" On the dingwei day an edict stated, "We inherit the great enterprise; fortune belongs to an age of peace; the Huai and Dai have submitted in succession; within the four seas all is clear and tranquil. Therefore we aspire to the remote antiquity of mystery and keep the will stored in simplicity. Personally to survey the myriad affairs harms the harmony of nourishing the spirit; if even one day is neglected, governance suffers the fault of delay and stagnation. Yet when the son possesses all under Heaven, honor returns to the father; when the father possesses all under Heaven, he transmits it to the son. Now examining the accord of numinous fortune and testing the hearts of the multitude, we command the heir apparent to ascend the great throne. We shall roam at ease in reverent self-restraint and lodge the heart in vast clarity; the altars of state are at peace and the enterprise is broadly expanded—is this not good? All officials and offices are to reverently serve the heir, in answer to Heaven's blessing. Proclaim it within the realm that all may hear and know. Thereupon the assembled dukes memorialized, "Of old in the age of the Three Sovereigns, simplicity and nonaction prevailed; therefore they were styled 'sovereigns. Thus when Han Gaozu had already styled himself emperor, he honored his father as Supreme Emperor, making clear that he did not rule all under Heaven. Now the emperor is young and tender; the myriad affairs and great policies still ought to be overseen by Your Majesty. We respectfully offer the honorific title Supreme Emperor." He then assented. On the jiyou day the Supreme Emperor moved his residence to Chongguang Palace; rafters were taken unhewn and there were only earthen steps. All great affairs of state were reported to him.
25
承明元年，年二十三，崩於永安殿，上尊諡曰獻文皇帝，廟號顯祖，葬雲中金陵。
In the first year of Chengming, at the age of twenty-three, he died in Yong'an Hall; the posthumous honorific title Emperor Xianwen was offered; temple name Xianzu; burial at Jinling in Yunzhong.
26
史臣曰：聰叡夙成，兼資能斷，其顯祖之謂乎？ 故能更清漠野，大啟南服。 而早懷厭世之心，終致宮闈之變，將天意哉！
The historiographer states: Quick and perceptive from youth, combining talent with decisive judgment—is this not what is meant by Xianzu? Therefore he could further clarify the desert wilds and greatly open the southern domains. Yet early he harbored a mind weary of the world and in the end brought palace turmoil—is it Heaven's will?
27
校勘記
Collation notes
28
使前政選吏以待俊乂北史卷二魏紀二、冊府卷一五六 〈一八八九頁〉 「俊乂」作「後人」。 按「後人」指後任官，意謂由前任官 (前政) 選吏留給後任官。 統觀詔書前後文意，當作「後人」。 冊府採錄魏書，却與北史同，也可證魏書本亦作「後人」。
Making the outgoing administration select officials to await the worthy and able: Beishi juan 2, Wei Ji 2, Cefu juan 156 〈p. 1889〉 reads "worthy and able" as "successors." According to this, "successors" means the officials who succeed to office—namely that the outgoing administration (outgoing administration) selects officials to leave for the succeeding officials. Viewing the edict's meaning before and after, it should read "successors." Cefu, excerpting the Book of Wei, agrees with Beishi; this also proves the Wei Shu original likewise read "successors."
29
契丹具伏弗郁羽陵日連匹黎尒叱六手悉萬丹阿大何羽真侯于闐波斯國各遣使朝獻這裏列舉諸「國」，除于闐、波斯外，均見于卷一百勿吉傳和契丹傳，但紀、傳既有同異，兩傳也不相合，今姑依勿吉傳標斷，「具伏弗」，勿吉傳作「具弗伏」。 「叱六手」止見于契丹傳，作「吐六于」，疑紀誤。 「阿大河」，勿吉傳作「拔大何」，契丹傳作「何大何」，當是勿吉傳誤。 至兩傳互異，別見卷一百校記，不備舉。
Khitan, Jufufu, Yuyuling, Rilian, Pili'er, Chiliushou, Ximandan, A'dahe, Yuzhenhou, Khotan, Persia, and other states each sent envoys with tribute: the states listed here, apart from Khotan and Persia, all appear in juan 100, Biographies of the Wuji, and the Khitan Annals, but the annals and biographies both differ and the two biographies do not agree; for now we mark the breaks according to the Wuji Annals; "Jufufu" in the annals, the Wuji Annals read "Jufuvu." "Chiliushou" appears only in the Khitan Annals, where it reads "Tuliuyu"; the annals are suspected to be in error. "A'dahe River": the Wuji Annals read "Badahé"; the Khitan Annals read "Hedahé"; the Wuji Annals are probably in error. As for mutual differences between the two biographies, see the collation notes to juan 100; they are not all set forth here.
30
詔假員外散騎常侍邢祐使於劉彧北史卷二記此事在是年二月乙亥，此承上文則是三月乙亥。 按是年二月己丑朔，無乙亥，似作「三月」是。 然宋書卷八明帝紀泰始七年 〈魏皇興五年 (四七一)〉 稱「三月辛酉，索虜遣使獻方物」。 通鑑卷一三三 〈四一五八頁〉 以為即此紀所載邢祐出使。 考是年三月己未朔，辛酉是三日，乙亥是十七日，豈有魏未遣使而先已到宋之理？ 若謂宋書所載是另一次使節，則在很短期間，又無特殊原因，不可能頻煩遣使。 疑北史作「二月」未必誤，誤在記日干支。
Edict that Acting Palace Attendant of Scattered Cavalry Xing You was envoy to Liu Yu: Beishi juan 2 records this matter on the yihai day of the second month of that year; following the text above, this would be the yihai day of the third month. According to this, in the second month of that year the new moon was on day jichou; there was no yihai day; it seems "third month" is correct. Yet the Annals of Emperor Ming in Song Shu juan 8, seventh year of Taishi 〈Northern Wei, fifth year of Huangxing [471 CE]〉 states, "Third month, day xinyou, the northern barbarians sent envoys presenting local products." Zizhi Tongjian juan 133 〈p. 4158〉 takes this to be the mission of Xing You recorded in this annal. Examining this: in the third month of that year the new moon was on day jiwei; xinyou was the third day and yihai the seventeenth—how could Song have received envoys before Wei had yet dispatched them? If one holds that what Song Shu records is a separate mission, then within so short a span, without special cause, frequent dispatch of envoys is impossible. It is suspected that Beishi's reading "second month" may not be in error, and that the error lies in recording the day stem-and-branch.