1
高祖孝文皇帝，諱宏，顯祖獻文皇帝之長子，母曰李夫人。 皇興元年八月戊申，生於平城紫宮，神光照於室內，天地氛氳，和氣充塞。 帝生而潔白，有異姿，襁褓岐嶷，長而淵裕仁孝，綽然有君人之表。 顯祖尤愛異之。 三年夏六月辛未，立為皇太子。
Gaozu, Emperor Xiaowen, bore the taboo name Hong. He was the eldest son of Xianzu, Emperor Xianwen; his mother was Lady Li. In the eighth month of the first year of Huangxing, on the wushen day, he was born in the Purple Palace at Pingcheng. Divine light shone within the chamber, heaven and earth were hazy, and harmonious qi filled all. At birth he was fair and white, with an unusual bearing. Even in swaddling clothes he was precocious; as he grew he was deep, generous, benevolent, and filial, clearly showing the marks of a ruler. Xianzu especially loved and prized him. In the sixth month of summer of the third year, on the xinwei day, he was installed as crown prince.
2
冬十月丁亥，沃野、統萬二鎮敕勒叛。 詔太尉、隴西王源賀追擊，至枹罕，滅之，斬首三萬餘級； 徙其遺迸於冀、定、相三州為營戶。 庚寅，以征東大將軍、南安王楨為假節、都督涼州及西戎諸軍事、領護西域校尉、儀同三司，鎮涼州。 朔方民曹平原招集不逞，破石樓堡，殺軍將。 劉彧將垣崇祖率眾二萬自郁洲寇東兗州，屯于南城固。 十有一月，刺史于洛侯討破之，崇祖還郁洲。 妖賊司馬小君聚眾反於平陵，齊州刺史、武昌王平原討擒之。 十有二月乙酉，以駙馬都尉穆亮為趙郡王。 壬辰，詔訪舜後，獲東萊郡民媯苟之，復其家畢世，以彰盛德之不朽。 復前濮陽王孔雀本封。 辛丑，趙郡王穆亮徙封長樂王。
In the tenth month of winter, on the dinghai day, the Tiele of the Wo'ye and Tongwan garrisons rebelled. An edict ordered Wang Yuanhe, Grand Commandant and Prince of Longxi, to pursue and attack. Reaching Fuhan, he destroyed them and took more than thirty thousand heads; their scattered fugitives were relocated to Ji, Ding, and Xiang provinces as camp households. On the gengyin day Zhen, General Who Campaigns East and Prince of Nan'an, was made acting commissioner, area commander of Liangzhou and of all western Rong armies, colonel protector of the Western Regions, with equipage equal to the Three Directors, and garrisoned Liangzhou. Cao Pingyuan of Shuofang gathered malcontents, broke Stone Tower Fortress, and killed military officers. Yuan Chongzu, Liu Yu's general, led twenty thousand men from Yuzhou to raid Dong Yanzhou and encamped at Nanchenggu. In the eleventh month Inspector Yu Luohou defeated them, and Chongzu returned to Yuzhou. The sorcerer-rebel Sima Xiaojun gathered a band and rebelled at Pingling; Pingyuan, inspector of Qi province and Prince of Wuchang, attacked and captured him. In the twelfth month, on the yiyou day, Mu Liang, chief commandant of attendant cavalry, was made Prince of Zhao commandery. On the renchen day an edict sought descendants of Shun. Gui Gouzhi, a man of Donglai commandery, was found, and his household was restored for all generations to manifest the imperishability of supreme virtue. The former Prince of Puyang Kongque's original enfeoffment was restored. On the xinchou day Mu Liang, Prince of Zhao commandery, was transferred and enfeoffed as Prince of Changle.
3
二年春正月乙卯，統萬鎮胡民相率北叛。 詔寧南將軍、交阯公韓拔等追滅之。 大陽蠻酋桓誕率戶內屬，拜征南將軍，封襄陽王。 曲赦京師及河西，南至秦涇，西至枹罕，北至涼州諸鎮。 詔假員外散騎常侍邢祐使於劉彧。 二月乙巳，詔曰：「尼父稟達聖之姿，體生知之量，窮理盡性，道光四海。 頃者淮徐未賓，廟隔非所，致令祠典寢頓，禮章殄滅，遂使女巫妖覡，淫進非禮，殺生鼓舞，倡優媟狎，豈所以尊明神敬聖道者也。 自今已後，有祭孔子廟，制用酒脯而已，不聽婦女合雜，以祈非望之福。 犯者以違制論。 其公家有事，自如常禮。 犧牲粢盛，務盡豐潔。 臨事致敬，令肅如也，牧司之官，明糾不法，使禁令必行。」 蠕蠕犯塞。 太上皇帝次於北郊，詔諸將討之。 虜遁走。 其別帥阿大干率千餘落來降。 東部敕勒叛奔蠕蠕，太上皇帝追之，至石磧，不及而還。 壬子，高麗國遣使朝貢。 三月，太上皇帝至自北討。 戊辰，以散騎常侍、駙馬都尉萬安國為大司馬、大將軍，封安城王。 庚午，車駕耕於藉田。 石城郡獲曹平原，送京師，斬之。 連川敕勒謀叛，徙配青、徐、齊、兗四州為營戶。
In the first month of spring of the second year, on the yimao day, the Hu people of Tongwan garrison rebelled in succession and fled north. An edict ordered Han Ba, General Who Pacifies the South and Duke of Jiaozhi, and others to pursue and destroy them. Huan Dan, chief of the Dayang Man, led his households to submit inward; he was appointed General Who Campaigns South and enfeoffed Prince of Xiangyang. A partial amnesty was proclaimed in the capital and west of the Yellow River, south to Qin and Jing, west to Fuhan, and north to the garrisons of Liangzhou. An edict named Xing You, acting palace attendant of scattered cavalry, envoy to Liu Yu. In the second month, on the yisi day, an edict said, "Confucius received the bearing of a sage who penetrates all, embodied the measure of innate knowledge, exhausted principle and fulfilled nature, and his Way illumined the four seas. Recently Huai and Xu have not yet submitted, and the temples lie beyond reach; this has caused the sacrificial canon to lapse and ritual statutes to perish, so that sorceresses and shamans advance what is not ritual, kill living creatures for drum-dances, and actors and jesters behave indecently—how can this honor the spirits and revere the sage's Way? From this time forward, when sacrificing at Confucius's temple, use only wine and dried meat; do not allow women to mingle in the rites to pray for undeserved blessings. Offenders are to be judged for violating regulations. When the public offices have business, follow the usual rites as before. Victims and grain offerings must be made fully abundant and pure. When performing the rites, show reverence so that all is solemn; the pastoral officials are to clearly investigate lawlessness and ensure that prohibitions are enforced. The Rouran raided the frontier. The Supreme Emperor halted at the northern suburb and ordered the generals to attack them. The barbarians fled and withdrew. Their separate commander Agan led more than a thousand encampments to surrender. The eastern Tiele rebelled and fled to the Rouran; the Supreme Emperor pursued them to Shiji but, unable to overtake them, returned. On the renzi day the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. In the third month the Supreme Emperor returned from the northern campaign. On the wuchen day Wan Anguo, palace attendant of scattered cavalry and chief commandant of attendant cavalry, was made grand marshal and grand general and enfeoffed Prince of Ancheng. On the wuwu day the imperial carriage plowed the sacred field. Shicheng commandery captured Cao Pingyuan and sent him to the capital, where he was executed. The Tiele of Lianchuan plotted rebellion; they were relocated and assigned to Qing, Xu, Qi, and Yan provinces as camp households.
4
夏四月庚子，詔工商雜伎，盡聽赴農。 諸州郡課民益種菜果。 辛亥，劉彧遣使朝貢。 癸酉，詔沙門不得去寺，浮遊民間，行者仰以公文。 是月，劉彧死，子昱僭立。 五月丁巳，詔軍警給璽印、傳符，次給馬印。 [1]六月，安州民遇水雹，丐租賑恤。 丙申，詔曰：「頃者州郡選貢，多不以實，碩人所以窮處幽仄，鄙夫所以超分妄進，豈所謂旌賢樹德者也。 今年貢舉，尤為猥濫。 自今所遣，皆門盡州郡之高，才極鄉閭之選。」 閏月壬子，蠕蠕寇敦煌，鎮將尉多侯擊走之。 又寇晉昌，守將薛奴擊走之。 戊午，行幸陰山。
In the fourth month of summer, on the gengzi day, an edict permitted artisans, merchants, and miscellaneous performers to return to farming. All provinces and commanderies were charged to urge the people to plant more vegetables and fruit. On the xinhai day Liu Yu sent envoys with tribute. On the guiyou day an edict forbade monks to leave their monasteries and wander among the people; travelers had to carry official documents. That month Liu Yu died; his son the younger Liu Yu usurped the throne. In the fifth month, on the dingsi day, an edict ordered that military alerts be supplied with seals and tallies first and horse brands second. [1] In the sixth month the people of An province suffered hail; they begged remission of rent and relief. On the bingshen day an edict said, "Recently when provinces and commanderies selected tribute candidates, many were not according to fact; thus worthy men are stranded in remote corners while base men overstep and advance rashly—is this what is called honoring the worthy and planting virtue? This year's selections were especially coarse and excessive. From this time forward, all who are sent must be the highest of their gate in the province and commandery, and the utmost choice of village and hamlet." In the intercalary month, on the renzi day, the Rouran raided Dunhuang; the garrison commander Wei Duohou drove them off. They also raided Jinchang; the defending commander Xue Nu drove them off. On the wuwu day the court traveled to Yinshan.
5
秋七月，光州民孫晏等聚黨千餘人叛，通劉昱，刺史叔孫璝討平之。 辛丑，高麗國遣使朝貢。 壬寅，詔州郡縣各遣二人才堪專對者，赴九月講武，當親問風俗。 [2]八月丙辰，百濟國遣使奉表請師伐高麗。 辛酉，地豆于、庫莫奚國遣使朝貢，昌亭國遣使獻蜀馬。 河西費也頭反，薄骨律鎮將擊走之。 九月辛巳，車駕還宮。 戊申，統萬鎮將、河間王閭虎皮坐貪殘賜死。 己酉，詔以州鎮十一水，丐民田租，開倉賑恤。 又詔流迸之民，皆令還本，違者配徙邊鎮。
In the seventh month of autumn Sun Yan of Guang province and others gathered a band of more than a thousand and rebelled, communicating with the younger Liu Yu; Inspector Shusun Gui suppressed and pacified them. On the xinchou day the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On the renyin day an edict ordered each province, commandery, and county to send two men of talent fit for specialized replies to attend the ninth-month martial review, when the ruler would personally question them on local customs. [2] In the eighth month, on the bingchen day, the state of Baekje sent envoys with a memorial requesting troops to attack Goryeo. On the xinyou day the states of Didouyu and Kumo Xi sent envoys with tribute; the state of Changting sent envoys presenting Shu horses. The Feiye Tou of Hexi rebelled; the Bogu'lu garrison commander drove them off. In the ninth month, on the xinsi day, the imperial carriage returned to the palace. On the wushen day Yan Hupi, Tongwan garrison commander and Prince of Hejian, was sentenced to death for greed and cruelty. On the jiyou day an edict remitted field rent where eleven provinces and garrisons had suffered flood, and ordered granaries opened for relief. Another edict ordered all fugitive and scattered people to return to their origins; violators were to be assigned to frontier garrisons.
6
冬十月，蠕蠕犯塞，及於五原。 十有一月，太上皇帝親討之，將度漠襲擊。 蠕蠕聞軍至，大懼，北走數千里。 以窮寇遠遁，不可追，乃止。 丁亥，封皇叔略為廣川王。 壬辰，分遣使者巡省風俗，問民疾苦。 帝每月一朝崇光宮。
In the tenth month of winter the Rouran raided the frontier as far as Wuyuan. In the eleventh month the Supreme Emperor personally campaigned against them, intending to cross the desert and strike. When the Rouran heard the army had come, they were greatly afraid and fled north several thousand li. Because the exhausted foe had fled far, they could not be pursued, and the campaign halted. On the dinghai day the emperor's uncle Lue was enfeoffed Prince of Guangchuan. On the renchen day envoys were dispatched separately to tour and inspect local customs and inquire into the people's hardships. Each month the emperor paid court at Chongguang Palace.
7
十有二月庚戌，詔曰：「書云：『三載一考，三考黜陟幽明。』 頃者已來，官以勞升，未久而代，牧守無恤民之心，競為聚斂，送故迎新，相屬於路，非所以固民志，隆治道也。 自今牧守溫仁清儉、克己奉公者，可久於其任。 歲積有成，遷位一級。 其有貪殘非道、侵削黎庶者，雖在官甫爾，必加黜罰。 著之於令，永為彝準。」 詔以代郡事同豐沛，代民先配邊戍者皆免之。
In the twelfth month, on the gengxu day, an edict said, "The Documents say: 'Every three years conduct a review; after three reviews promote the enlightened and demote the obscure. Recently officials have been promoted for mere toil and replaced before long; governors and magistrates have no mind to comfort the people but compete in amassing wealth, seeing off the old and welcoming the new in endless succession on the roads—this is not how to fix the people's will and exalt the way of rule. From this time forward, governors and magistrates who are warm, benevolent, pure, and frugal and who restrain themselves and serve the public may hold office for long. When year after year they accumulate achievement, advance them one rank. Those who are greedy, cruel, and contrary to the Way and who encroach on the common people, though they have just taken office, must be demoted and punished. Inscribe this in the statutes as an eternal standard." An edict held that because Dai commandery was comparable to Feng and Pei, all Dai people previously assigned to frontier garrison duty were exempted.
8
三年春正月庚辰，詔員外散騎常侍崔演使於劉昱。 丁亥，改崇光宮為寧光宮。 戊戌。 太上皇帝還至雲中。 是月，相州執送妖人榮永安於京師，斬之。 詔赦其支黨。 二月戊申，高麗、契丹國並遣使朝貢。 癸丑，詔牧守令長，勤率百姓，無令失時。 同部之內，貧富相通。 家有兼牛，通借無者，若不從詔，一門之內終身不仕。 守宰不督察，免所居官。 戊午，太上皇帝至自北討，飲至策勳，告於宗廟。 死王事者復其家。 詔畿內民從役死事者，郡縣為迎喪，給以葬費。 甲戌，詔縣令能靜一縣劫盜者，兼治二縣，即食其祿； 能靜二縣者，兼治三縣，三年遷為郡守。 二千石能靜二郡，上至三郡，亦如之，三年遷為刺史。 三月壬午，詔諸倉囤穀麥充積者，出賜貧民。
In the first month of spring of the third year, on the gengchen day, an edict named Cui Yan, acting palace attendant of scattered cavalry, envoy to the younger Liu Yu. On the dinghai day Chongguang Palace was renamed Ningguang Palace. On the wuxu day. The Supreme Emperor returned to Yunzhong. That month Xiang province seized and sent the sorcerer Rong Yong'an to the capital, where he was executed. An edict pardoned his associates. In the second month, on the wushen day, Goryeo and the Khitan state each sent envoys with tribute. On the guichou day an edict charged governors, magistrates, and chiefs diligently to lead the people and not let them miss the seasons. Within the same district, rich and poor were to aid one another. Households with an extra ox were to lend to those without; if they did not obey the edict, no one in the gate might hold office for life. Magistrates who did not supervise were removed from office. On the wuwu day the Supreme Emperor returned from the northern campaign, held a drinking ceremony and recorded merit, and reported to the ancestral temple. Those who died in royal service had their households restored. An edict ordered that within the capital districts, when people died on corvée service, the commanderies and counties were to receive the coffin and supply burial expenses. On the jiaxu day an edict held that a county chief who could pacify banditry in one county might concurrently administer two counties and receive both salaries; one who could pacify two counties might administer three, and after three years be transferred to commandery governor. A two-thousand-dan official who could pacify two commanderies might rise to three, likewise; after three years he was transferred to inspector. In the third month, on the renwu day, an edict ordered that wherever granaries were fully stocked with grain and wheat, the surplus was to be given out to the poor.
9
夏四月戊申，詔假司空、上黨王長孫觀等討吐谷渾拾寅。 壬子，契丹國遣使朝貢。 詔以孔子二十八世孫魯郡孔乘為崇聖大夫，給十戶以供洒掃。 六月甲子，詔曰：「往年縣召民秀二人，問以守宰治狀，善惡具聞，將加賞罰。 而賞者未幾，罪者眾多。 肆法傷生，情所未忍。 今特垂寬恕之恩，申以解網之惠。 諸為民所列者，特原其罪，盡可貸之。」
In the fourth month of summer, on the wushen day, an edict ordered Changsun Guan, acting minister of works and Prince of Shangdang, and others to campaign against Tuyuhun Sheyin. On the renzi day the Khitan state sent envoys with tribute. An edict made Kong Sheng of Lu commandery, twenty-eighth-generation descendant of Confucius, Grand Master of Veneration of the Sage and gave him ten households for libation and sweeping. In the sixth month, on the jiazi day, an edict said, "In past years the counties summoned two worthy youths from among the people and questioned them on the governors' and magistrates' conduct; good and evil were all heard, with rewards and punishments to follow. Yet those rewarded were few while those punished were many. Wantonly applying the law harms life—this our heart cannot bear. Now we specially extend the grace of broad pardon and declare the benefit of loosening the net. All who were denounced by the people are specially pardoned of their crimes and may all be ransomed."
10
秋七月，詔河南六州之民，戶收絹一匹，綿一斤，租三十石。 乙亥，行幸陰山。 蠕蠕寇敦煌，鎮將樂洛生擊破之。 事具蠕蠕傳。 劉昱遣將寇緣淮諸鎮，徐州刺史、淮陽公尉元擊走之。 八月己酉，高麗、庫莫奚國並遣使朝獻。 庚申，帝從太上皇帝幸河西。 拾寅謝罪請降，許之。 九月辛巳，車駕並還宮。 乙亥，[3]劉昱遣使朝貢。 己亥，詔曰：「自今京師及天下之囚，罪未分判，在獄致死無近親者，公給衣衾棺櫝葬埋之，不得曝露。」 辛丑，詔遣使者十人循行州郡，檢括戶口。 其有仍隱不出者，州、郡、縣、戶主並論如律。 庫莫奚國遣使朝獻。
In the seventh month of autumn an edict ordered the people of the six Henan provinces to pay one bolt of silk and one jin of cotton per household, and thirty shi of rent. On the yihai day the court traveled to Yinshan. The Rouran raided Dunhuang; the garrison commander Yue Luosheng defeated them. The matter is given in full in the Rouran treatise. The younger Liu Yu sent generals to raid the garrisons along the Huai; Wei Yuan, inspector of Xuzhou and Duke of Huaiyang, drove them off. In the eighth month, on the jiyou day, Goryeo and the state of Kumo Xi each sent envoys with tribute. On the gengshen day the emperor followed the Supreme Emperor to the west of the Yellow River. Sheyin apologized and begged to surrender; this was granted. In the ninth month, on the xinsi day, the imperial carriages all returned to the palace. On the yihai day [3] the younger Liu Yu sent envoys with tribute. On the jihai day an edict said, "From this time forward, for all prisoners in the capital and throughout the realm whose crimes are not yet judged, if they die in prison without close kin, the state is to supply shroud, coffin, and burial and must not leave them exposed." On the xinchou day an edict dispatched ten envoys to tour the provinces and commanderies and check household registers. Those who still concealed themselves and did not appear—the province, commandery, county, and household head were all judged according to law. The state of Kumo Xi sent envoys with tribute.
11
冬十月，太上皇帝親將南討。 詔州郡之民，十丁取一以充行，戶收租五十石，以備軍糧。 悉萬斤國遣使朝獻。 武都王反，攻仇池。 [4]詔長孫觀仍回師討之。 十有一月戊寅，詔以河南七州牧守多不奉法，致新邦之民莫能上達，遣使者觀風察獄，黜陟幽明。 其有鰥寡孤獨貧不自存者，復其雜徭，年八十已上，一子不從役； 力田孝悌，才器有益於時，信義著於鄉閭者，具以名聞。 癸巳，太上皇帝南巡，至於懷州。 所過問民疾苦，賜高年、孝悌力田布帛。 十有二月庚戌，詔關外苑囿聽民樵採。 壬子，蠕蠕犯邊，柔玄鎮二部敕勒叛應之。 癸丑，沙門慧隱謀反，伏誅。
In the tenth month of winter the Supreme Emperor personally led a southern campaign. An edict ordered that of the people in provinces and commanderies one man in ten was taken for service, and fifty shi of rent per household was collected to provision the army. The state of Sogdiana sent envoys with tribute. The Prince of Wudu rebelled and attacked Chouchi. [4] An edict ordered Changsun Guan to turn his army back and campaign against him. In the eleventh month, on the wuyin day, an edict held that because the governors and magistrates of the seven Henan provinces mostly did not observe the law and the people of the new territories could not reach the throne, envoys were sent to observe the winds and examine prisons and promote the enlightened and demote the obscure. Those who were widowed, orphaned, solitary, or destitute and could not support themselves had miscellaneous corvées remitted; those eighty and above had one son exempt from service; those diligent in farming, filial and fraternal, whose talent and ability benefited the age, and whose faith and righteousness were renowned in village and hamlet were all to be reported by name. On the guisi day the Supreme Emperor toured south as far as Huaizhou. Where he passed he inquired into the people's hardships and bestowed cloth and silk on the aged, the filial, the fraternal, and the diligent in farming. In the twelfth month, on the gengxu day, an edict permitted the people to gather firewood in the parks beyond the passes. On the renzi day the Rouran raided the frontier; the two divisions of Tiele at Rouxuan garrison rebelled in response. On the guichou day the monk Huiyin plotted rebellion and was executed.
12
是歲，州鎮十一水旱，丐民田租，開倉賑恤。 相州民餓死者二千八百四十五人。 吐谷渾部內羌民鍾豈渴干等二千三百戶內附。
That year eleven provinces and garrisons suffered flood and drought; field rent was begged and granaries opened for relief. In Xiang province two thousand eight hundred forty-five people died of starvation. Within Tuyuhun, more than two thousand three hundred Qiang households under Zhong Kai'gan submitted inward.
13
是年，妖人劉舉自稱天子，齊州刺史、武昌王平原捕斬之。
That year the sorcerer Liu Ju styled himself Son of Heaven; Pingyuan, inspector of Qi province and Prince of Wuchang, captured and executed him.
14
四年春正月丁丑，侍中、太尉、隴西王源賀以病辭位。 辛巳，粟特國遣使朝獻。 二月甲辰，太上皇帝至自南巡。 辛亥，吐谷渾拾寅遣子費斗斤入侍，并獻方物。 辛未，禁斷寒食。 三月丁亥，詔員外散騎常侍許赤虎使於劉昱。 高麗、吐谷渾、曹利諸國各遣使朝貢。
In the first month of spring of the fourth year, on the dingchou day, Wang Yuanhe, attendant-in-ordinary, grand commandant, and Prince of Longxi, resigned office on grounds of illness. On the xinsi day the state of Sogdiana sent envoys with tribute. In the second month, on the jiachen day, the Supreme Emperor returned from the southern tour. On the xinhai day Tuyuhun Sheyin sent his son Feidoujin to attend court and also presented local products. On the xinwei day the Cold Food Festival was forbidden. In the third month, on the dinghai day, an edict named Xu Chihu, acting palace attendant of scattered cavalry, envoy to the younger Liu Yu. Goryeo, Tuyuhun, Cao Li, and other states each sent envoys with tribute.
15
夏五月甲戌，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 六月乙卯，詔曰：「朕應歷數開一之期，屬千載光熙之運，雖仰嚴誨，猶懼德化不寬，至有門房之誅。 然下民兇戾，不顧親戚，一人為惡，殃及合門。 朕為民父母，深所愍悼。 自今已後，非謀反、大逆、干紀、外奔，罪止其身而已。 今德被殊方，文軌將一，宥刑寬禁，不亦善乎？」 闊悉國遣使朝貢。
In the fifth month of summer, on the jiaxu day, the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. In the sixth month, on the yimao day, an edict said, "We have received the opening of the one era in the sequence of fate and belong to the fortune of a thousand years of glorious peace; though we revere stern instruction, we still fear virtue and transformation are not broad enough, even to the punishment of entire clans. Yet the lower people are fierce and cruel and heed not kin; when one man does evil, calamity reaches the whole gate. We, as father and mother to the people, deeply mourn this. From this time forward, except for treason, great rebellion, violation of the statutes, and flight abroad, guilt stops with the person alone. Now virtue spreads to distant regions and written culture is about to be one; to pardon punishments and broaden prohibitions—is this not good?" The state of Kuesa sent envoys with tribute.
16
秋七月庚午，高麗國遣使朝獻。 己卯，曲赦仇池。 癸巳，蠕蠕寇敦煌，鎮將尉多侯大破之。 八月庚子，吐谷渾國遣使朝獻。 戊申，大閱於北郊。 九月，以劉昱內相攻戰，詔將軍元蘭等五將三萬騎及假東陽王丕為後繼，伐蜀漢。 丙子，契丹、庫莫奚、地豆于諸國各遣使朝獻。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the gengwu day, the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On the jimao day a partial amnesty was proclaimed in Chouchi. On the guisi day the Rouran raided Dunhuang; the garrison commander Wei Duohou greatly defeated them. In the eighth month, on the gengzi day, the state of Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. On the wushen day a great review was held at the northern suburb. In the ninth month, because the younger Liu Yu was engaged in internal warfare, an edict ordered Generals Yuan Lan and five other commanders with thirty thousand horse, and Acting Prince of Dongyang Pi as rear guard, to campaign against Shu-Han. On the bingzi day the Khitan, Kumo Xi, Didouyu, and other states each sent envoys with tribute.
17
冬十月庚子，劉昱遣使朝貢。 十有一月，分遣侍臣循河南七州，觀察風俗，撫慰初附。 戊寅，吐谷渾國遣使朝獻。 是歲，州鎮十三大飢，丐民田租，開倉賑之。 十有二月，詔西征吐谷渾兵在句律城初叛軍者斬，次分配柔玄、武川二鎮。 斬者千餘人。
In the tenth month of winter, on the gengzi day, the younger Liu Yu sent envoys with tribute. In the eleventh month attendant ministers were dispatched separately to tour the seven Henan provinces, observe local customs, and comfort the newly submitted. On the wuyin day the state of Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. That year thirteen provinces and garrisons suffered great famine; field rent was begged and granaries opened for relief. In the twelfth month an edict held that among the western campaign troops at Julu city, those who first rebelled were beheaded and the rest assigned to Rouxuan and Wuchuan garrisons. More than a thousand were beheaded.
18
五年春二月庚子，高麗國遣使朝獻。 癸丑，詔定考課，明黜陟。 閏月戊午，吐谷渾國遣使朝獻。
In the second month of spring of the fifth year, on the gengzi day, the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On the guichou day an edict fixed performance review and clarified promotion and demotion. In the intercalary month, on the wuwu day, the state of Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute.
19
夏四月丁丑，龜茲國遣使朝獻。 癸未，詔天下賦調，縣專督集，牧守對檢送京師，違者免所居官。 詔禁畜鷹鷂，開相告之制。 五月丁酉，契丹、庫莫奚國各遣使獻名馬。 丙午，詔員外散騎常侍許赤虎使於劉昱。 丁未，幸武州山。 辛酉，幸車輪山。 六月庚午，禁殺牛馬。 壬申，曲赦京師死罪，遣備蠕蠕。
In the fourth month of summer, on the dingchou day, the state of Kucha sent envoys with tribute. On the guiwei day an edict ordered that levies and deliveries throughout the realm be gathered under county supervision, with governors and magistrates jointly checking and sending to the capital; violators were removed from office. An edict forbade keeping hawks and falcons and opened a system of mutual denunciation. In the fifth month, on the dingyou day, the Khitan and Kumo Xi states each sent envoys presenting famous horses. On the bingwu day an edict named Xu Chihu, acting palace attendant of scattered cavalry, envoy to the younger Liu Yu. On the dingwei day the court visited Mount Wuzhou. On the xinyou day the court visited Mount Chelun. In the sixth month, on the gengwu day, killing cattle and horses was forbidden. On the renshen day a partial amnesty in the capital for capital crimes was proclaimed, and troops were dispatched against the Rouran.
20
秋八月丁卯，高麗、吐谷渾、地豆于諸國遣使朝獻。 九月癸卯，洛州人賈伯奴、豫州人田智度聚黨千餘人，伯奴稱恒農王，智度稱上洛王，夜攻洛州。 州郡擊之，斬伯奴於緱氏，執智度送京師。
In the eighth month of autumn, on the dingmao day, Goryeo, Tuyuhun, Didouyu, and other states sent envoys with tribute. In the ninth month, on the guimao day, Jia Bonu of Luozhou and Tian Zhidu of Yuzhou each gathered a band of more than a thousand; Bonu styled himself King of Hengnong and Zhidu King of Shangluo, and by night they attacked Luozhou. The province and commandery struck them; Bonu was beheaded at Gou, and Zhidu was seized and sent to the capital.
21
冬十月，蠕蠕國遣使朝獻。 太上皇帝大閱於北郊。 十有二月丙寅，建昌王長樂改封安樂王。 己丑，城陽王長壽薨。 庚寅，劉昱遣使朝貢。
In the tenth month of winter the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. The Supreme Emperor held a great review at the northern suburb. In the twelfth month, on the bingyin day, Prince of Jianchang Changle was transferred and enfeoffed Prince of Anle. On the jichou day Prince of Chengyang Changshou died. On the gengyin day the younger Liu Yu sent envoys with tribute.
22
承明元年春二月，蠕蠕、高麗、庫莫奚、波斯諸國並遣使朝貢。 是月，司空、東郡王陸定國坐事免官爵為兵。
In the second month of spring of the first year of Chengming the Rouran, Goryeo, Kumo Xi, and Persia states each sent envoys with tribute. That month Lu Dingguo, minister of works and Prince of Dongjun, was guilty and stripped of office and rank and made a common soldier.
23
夏五月，冀州武邑民宋伏龍聚眾，自稱南平王。 郡縣捕斬之。 蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 六月甲子，詔中外戒嚴，分京師見兵為三等，第一軍出，遣第一兵，二等兵亦如之。 辛未，太上皇帝崩。 壬申，大赦，改年。 大司馬、大將軍、安城王萬安國坐矯詔殺神部長奚買奴於苑中，賜死。 戊寅，征西大將軍、安樂王長樂為太尉； 尚書左僕射、南平公目辰為司徒，進封宜都王； 南部尚書李訢為司空。 尊皇太后為太皇太后，臨朝稱制。
In the fifth month of summer Song Fulong of Wuyi in Jizhou gathered a multitude and styled himself King of Nanping. The commandery and county captured and executed him. The Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. In the sixth month, on the jiazi day, an edict ordered alert throughout court and country; the capital's present troops were divided into three grades—when the first army went out, the first troops were sent, and the second grade likewise. On the xinwei day the Supreme Emperor died. On the renshen day a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed. Wan Anguo, grand marshal, grand general, and Prince of Ancheng, was sentenced to death for forging an edict and killing the divine-department chief Xi Mainu in the park. On the wuyin day Changle, General Who Campaigns West and Prince of Anle, was made grand commandant; Muchin, left vice director of the masters of writing and Duke of Nanping, was made minister of works and advanced to Prince of Yidu; Li Xin, minister of the southern department, was made minister of works. The empress dowager was honored as grand empress dowager and held court and ruled.
24
秋七月甲辰，追尊皇妣李貴人為思皇后。 以汝陰王天賜為征西大將軍、儀同三司。 高麗、庫莫奚國並遣使朝貢。 濮陽王孔雀有罪賜死。 八月甲子，詔曰：「朕猥承前緒，纂戎洪烈，思隆先志，緝熙政道。 羣公卿士，其各勉厥心，匡朕不逮。 諸有便民利國者，具狀以聞。」 壬午，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 甲申，以長安二蠶多死，丐民歲賦之半。 九月丁亥，曲赦京師。 高麗、庫莫奚、契丹諸國並遣使朝獻。 癸丑，宕昌、悉萬斤國並遣使朝貢。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the jiachen day, the late imperial mother, Honored Person Li, was posthumously honored Empress Si. Tiansi, Prince of Ruyin, was made General Who Campaigns West with equipage equal to the Three Directors. Goryeo and the state of Kumo Xi each sent envoys with tribute. Prince of Puyang Kongque was guilty and sentenced to death. In the eighth month, on the jiazi day, an edict said, "We unworthily inherit the former line, take up the great martial enterprise, think to exalt the former will, and continue to illumine the way of rule. Dukes, ministers, and scholars, each exert your hearts and assist where we fall short. Whatever benefits the people and profits the state, report it in full. On the renwu day the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. On the jiashen day, because the two silkworm crops of Chang'an mostly died, half the year's levy was remitted to the people. In the ninth month, on the dinghai day, a partial amnesty was proclaimed in the capital. Goryeo, Kumo Xi, Khitan, and other states each sent envoys with tribute. On the guichou day the states of Dangchang and Sogdiana each sent envoys with tribute.
25
冬十月丁巳，起七寶永安行殿。 乙丑，進征西大將軍、假東陽王元丕爵為正王。 己未，詔曰：「朕纂承皇極，照臨萬方，思闡遐風，光被兆庶，使朝有不諱之音，野無自蔽之響，疇咨帝載，詢及芻蕘。 自今已後，羣官卿士下及吏民，[5]各聽上書，直言極諫，勿有所隱。 諸有便宜，益治利民，可以正風俗者，有司以聞。 朕將親覽，與三事大夫論其可否，裁而用之。」 辛未，輿駕幸建明佛寺，大宥罪人。 濟南公羅拔進爵為王。 十有一月，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 戊子，以太尉、安樂王長樂為定州刺史，京兆王子推為青州刺史，司空李訢為徐州刺史，並開府儀同三司。
In the tenth month of winter, on the dingsi day, the Seven Treasures Yong'an traveling hall was begun. On the yichou day Yuan Pi, acting general who campaigns west and acting Prince of Dongyang, was advanced to full prince. On the jiwei day an edict said, "We inherit the imperial apex and illumine the myriad realms, thinking to spread distant customs and shine on the trillion subjects, so that at court there is no speech that may not be spoken and in the wilds no sound that is self-concealed—we consult the imperial charge and inquire even of the grass and firewood. From this time forward, officials, ministers, and down to clerks and people, [5] each may submit memorials, speak bluntly and remonstrate to the utmost, and hide nothing. Whatever is expedient, benefits rule and profits the people, and can rectify customs, the offices are to report. We shall personally review and discuss its feasibility with the Three Excellencies, then judge and employ it." On the xinwei day the imperial carriage visited Jianming Buddhist Temple and greatly pardoned criminals. Luo Ba, Duke of Jinan, was advanced to prince. In the eleventh month the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. On the wuzi day Changle, grand commandant and Prince of Anle, was made inspector of Dingzhou; Zitui, Prince of Jingzhao and inspector of Qingzhou; and Li Xin, minister of works, inspector of Xuzhou—all with staffs and equipage equal to the Three Directors.
26
太和元年春正月乙酉朔，詔曰：「朕夙承寶業，懼不堪荷，而天貺具臻，地瑞並應，風和氣晼，天人交協。 豈朕沖昧所能致哉？ 實賴神祇七廟降福之助。 今三正告初，祗感交切，宜因陽始，恊典革元，其改今號為太和元年。」 辛亥，詔曰：「今牧民者，與朕共治天下也。 宜簡以徭役，先之勸奬，相其水陸，務盡地利，使農夫外布，桑婦內勤。 若輕有徵發，致奪民時，以侵擅論。 民有不從長教，惰於農桑者，加以罪刑。」 起太和、安昌二殿。 己酉，秦州略陽民王元壽聚眾五千餘家，自號為衝天王。 雲中飢，開倉賑恤。 二月丙寅，漢川民泉會、譚酉等相率內屬，處之并州。 辛未，秦益二州刺史、武都公尉洛侯討破元壽，獲其妻子，送京師。 癸未，高麗、契丹、庫莫奚國各遣使朝獻。 三月庚子，徵征西大將軍、雍州刺史、東陽王丕為司徒。 丙午，詔曰：「朕政治多闕，災眚屢興。 去年牛疫，死傷太半，耕墾之利，當有虧損。 今東作既興，人湏肄業。 其敕在所督課田農，有牛者加勤於常歲，無牛者倍庸於餘年。 一夫制治田四十畝，中男二十畝。 無令人有餘力，地有遺利。」 庫莫奚、契丹國各遣使朝獻。
On the new moon of the first month of spring of the first year of Taihe, on the yiyou day, an edict said, "We from youth inherit the precious enterprise and fear we cannot bear it, yet Heaven's gifts all arrive and earthly omens respond together; wind is harmonious and qi mild; Heaven and man join in accord. How could our immaturity alone bring this about? It is truly because the spirits and the seven temples bestowed their blessing. Now the three beginnings are announced at the start; reverent feeling is keenly joined—fittingly, following yang's beginning, harmonize the canon and reform the origin: change the present era name to the first year of Taihe." On the xinhai day an edict said, "Those who pasture the people today govern the realm together with us. Corvée should be simplified, encouragement put first, water and land be surveyed, and full use be made of the land's advantage, so that farmers spread outward and mulberry women labor within. If corvée is lightly issued and the people's seasons are seized, judge it as encroachment and usurpation. People who do not follow the chief's teaching and are idle in farming and sericulture are to be punished. The Taihe and Anchang halls were begun. On the jiyou day Wang Yuanshou of Lueyang in Qinzhou gathered more than five thousand households and styled himself Chongtian King. Yunzhong suffered famine; granaries were opened for relief. In the second month, on the bingyin day, the people of Hanchuan, Quan Hui, Tan You, and others led one another inward and were settled in Bingzhou. On the xinwei day Wei Luohou, inspector of Qin and Yi provinces and Duke of Wudu, defeated Yuanshou, captured his wife and children, and sent them to the capital. On the guiwei day Goryeo, Khitan, and Kumo Xi each sent envoys with tribute. In the third month, on the gengzi day, Pi, general who campaigns west, inspector of Yong province, and Prince of Dongyang, was summoned and made minister of works. On the bingwu day an edict said, "Our rule has many gaps and calamities have repeatedly arisen. Last year cattle pestilence killed more than half; the profit of plowing must have suffered loss. Now eastern work has begun and the people must practice their occupations. Charge the local supervisors to urge farming: those with cattle must labor more diligently than in ordinary years; those without cattle must pay double hired labor beyond other years. One adult man is to cultivate forty mu; a secondary adult twenty mu. Do not let people have surplus strength while land has neglected profit." Kumo Xi and the Khitan state each sent envoys with tribute.
27
夏四月丙寅，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 丁卯，幸白登山。 壬申，幸崞山。 樂安王良薨。 詔復前東郡王陸定國官爵。 五月乙酉，車駕祈雨於武州山，俄而澍雨大洽。 蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。
In the fourth month of summer, on the bingyin day, the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. On the dingmao day the court visited Mount Baideng. On the renshen day the court visited Mount Guo. Prince of Le'an Liang died. An edict restored the former Prince of Dongjun Lu Dingguo's office and rank. In the fifth month, on the yiyou day, the imperial carriage prayed for rain at Mount Wuzhou; soon timely rain fell abundantly. The Rouran state sent envoys with tribute.
28
秋七月壬辰，侍中、開府儀同三司、青州刺史、京兆王子推薨。 庚子，定三等死刑。 己酉，太和、安昌二殿成。 起朱明、思賢門。 是月，劉昱死，弟準僭立。 八月壬子，大赦天下。 丙子，詔曰：「工商皂隸，各有厥分，而有司縱濫，或染清流。 自今戶內有工役者，推上本部丞，[6]已下準次而授。 若階藉元勳、以勞定國者不從此制。」 戊寅，劉準遣使朝貢。 九月癸未，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 乙酉，詔羣臣定律令於太華殿。 辛卯，高麗國遣使朝貢。 庚子，起永樂遊觀殿於北苑，穿神淵池。 車多羅、西天竺、舍衞、疊伏羅諸國各遣使朝貢。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the renchen day, Zitui, attendant-in-ordinary, general with staff and equipage equal to the Three Directors, inspector of Qing province, and Prince of Jingzhao, died. On the gengzi day three grades of capital punishment were fixed. On the jiyou day the Taihe and Anchang halls were completed. The Zhuming and Sixian gates were begun. That month the younger Liu Yu died; his younger brother Liu Zhun usurped the throne. In the eighth month, on the renzi day, a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On the bingzi day an edict said, "Artisans, merchants, and menials each have their station, yet the offices have been lax and some have stained the pure current. From this time, within the household those with corvée labor are to be referred up to their department chief, [6] and below appointment follows rank in order. Those who rely on founding merit and settled the state by toil are not subject to this regulation." On the wuyin day Liu Zhun sent envoys with tribute. In the ninth month, on the guiwei day, the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. On the yiyou day an edict ordered the assembled ministers to fix laws and ordinances in the Taihua Hall. On the xinmao day the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On the gengzi day the Yongle touring-view hall was begun in the northern park, and the Divine Abyss pool was dug. The states of Chaduo, western Tianzhu, Shewei, and Diefuluo each sent envoys with tribute.
29
冬十月癸酉，宴京邑耆老年七十已上於太華殿，賜以衣服。 是月，庫莫奚、契丹國各遣使朝獻。 又詔七十已上一子不從役。 龜茲國遣使朝獻。 劉準葭蘆戍主楊文度遣弟鼠襲陷仇池。 丙子，誅徐州刺史李訢。 庫莫奚、契丹國各遣使朝貢。 十有一月癸未，詔征西將軍、廣川公皮懽喜，鎮西將軍梁醜奴，平西將軍楊靈珍等率眾四萬討楊鼠。 乙酉，吐谷渾國遣使朝獻。 丁亥，懷州民伊祁苟初自稱堯後應王，聚眾於重山。 洛州刺史馮熙討滅之。 閏月，懽喜等軍到建安，楊鼠棄城南走。 癸亥，粟提婆國遣使朝獻。 庚子，詔員外散騎常侍李長仁使於劉準。 十有二月壬寅，懽喜攻陷葭蘆，斬文度，傳首京師。 甲辰，員闊、吐谷渾國並遣使朝貢。 丁未，詔以州郡八水旱蝗，民飢，開倉賑恤。 以安定王休為儀同三司。
In the tenth month, on the guiyou day, the capital's elderly seventy and above were feasted in the Taihua Hall and given clothing. That month Kumo Xi and the Khitan state each sent envoys with tribute. Another edict held that those seventy and above had one son exempt from service. The state of Kucha sent envoys with tribute. Yang Wendu, garrison commander of Jialu in Liu Zhun's realm, sent his younger brother Shu to raid and seize Chouchi. On the bingzi day Li Xin, inspector of Xuzhou, was executed. Kumo Xi and the Khitan state each sent envoys with tribute. In the eleventh month, on the guiwei day, an edict ordered Pi Huanxi, general who campaigns west and Duke of Guangchuan; Liang Chounu, general who pacifies the west; Yang Lingzhen, general who pacifies the west; and others to lead forty thousand troops to campaign against Yang Shu. On the yiyou day the state of Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. On the dinghai day Yi Qigou of Huai province styled himself descendant of Yao and King Who Responds, gathering a multitude at Chong Mountain. Feng Xi, inspector of Luozhou, attacked and destroyed them. In the intercalary month Huanxi and the other armies reached Jian'an; Yang Shu abandoned the city and fled south. On the guihai day the state of Sutipo sent envoys with tribute. On the gengzi day an edict named Li Changren, acting palace attendant of scattered cavalry, envoy to Liu Zhun. In the twelfth month, on the renyin day, Huanxi captured Jialu, beheaded Wendu, and sent his head to the capital. On the jiachen day the states of Yuan Kuo and Tuyuhun each sent envoys with tribute. On the dingwei day an edict ordered granaries opened for relief in eight provinces and commanderies that suffered flood, drought, and locusts and where the people were hungry. Xiu, Prince of Anding, was granted equipage equal to the Three Directors.
30
二年春正月丁巳，封昌黎王馮熙第二子始興為北平王。 戊午，吐谷渾遣使朝獻。 二月丁亥，行幸代之湯泉。 所過問民疾苦，以宮人賜貧民無妻者。 戊戌，蠕蠕國遣使朝獻。 癸卯，車駕還宮。 三月丙子，以河南公梁彌機為宕昌王。
In the first month of spring of the second year, on the dingsi day, Shixing, second son of Feng Xi, Prince of Changli, was enfeoffed Prince of Beiping. On the wuwu day Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. In the second month, on the dinghai day, the court traveled to the hot springs of Dai. Where it passed it inquired into the people's hardships and gave palace women to poor men without wives. On the wuxu day the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. On the guimao day the imperial carriage returned to the palace. In the third month, on the bingzi day, Liang Miji, Duke of Henan, was made Prince of Dangchang.
31
夏四月甲申，幸崞山。 丁亥，還宮。 己丑，劉準遣使朝貢。 京師旱。 [7]甲辰，祈天災於北苑，親自禮焉。 減膳，避正殿。 丙午，澍雨大洽。 曲赦京師。 五月，詔曰：「婚娉過禮，則嫁娶有失時之弊； 厚葬送終，則生者有糜費之苦。 聖王知其如此，故申之以禮數，約之以法禁。 迺者，民漸奢尚，婚葬越軌，致貧富相高，貴賤無別。 又皇族貴戚及士民之家，不惟氏族，下與非類婚偶。 [8]先帝親發明詔，為之科禁，而百姓習常，仍不肅改。 朕今憲章舊典，祗案先制，著之律令，永為定準。 犯者以違制論。」 六月己丑，幸鹿野苑。 庚子，皇叔若薨。
In the fourth month of summer, on the jiashen day, the court visited Mount Guo. On the dinghai day the court returned to the palace. On the jichou day Liu Zhun sent envoys with tribute. The capital suffered drought. [7] On the jiachen day the emperor prayed against heavenly calamity in the northern park and personally performed the rites. Food was reduced and the main hall avoided. On the bingwu day timely rain fell abundantly. A partial amnesty was proclaimed in the capital. In the fifth month an edict said, "When betrothal gifts exceed ritual, marriage and taking wives suffer the harm of missing the season; when burial and seeing off the dead are lavish, the living suffer the pain of wasted expense. The sage kings knew this and therefore extended them with ritual numbers and bound them with legal prohibitions. Lately the people have gradually turned to luxury; marriage and burial overstep the track, making rich and poor vie in height and noble and base without distinction. Moreover imperial clans, noble kin, and scholar-official households, heedless of clan, marry down to unworthy classes. [8] The former emperor personally issued a bright edict establishing prohibitions by statute, yet the people clung to custom and still did not reform. We now reverence the old canon and reverently follow the former system, inscribing it in laws and ordinances as an eternal standard. Offenders are to be judged for violating regulations." In the sixth month, on the jichou day, the court visited the Deer Wild Park. On the gengzi day the imperial uncle Ruo died.
32
秋七月戊辰，龜茲國遣使獻名駝七十頭。 劉準遣將寇仇池，陰平太守楊廣香擊走之。 八月，分遣使者考察守宰，問民疾苦。 丙戌，詔罷諸州禽獸之貢。 丁亥，勿吉國遣使朝獻。 九月丙辰，曲赦京師。 龜茲國遣使獻大馬、名駝、珍寶甚眾。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the wuchen day, the state of Kucha sent envoys presenting seventy famous camels. Liu Zhun sent generals to raid Chouchi; Yang Guangxiang, administrator of Yinping, drove them off. In the eighth month envoys were dispatched separately to investigate governors and magistrates and inquire into the people's hardships. On the bingxu day an edict abolished tribute of birds and beasts from all provinces. On the dinghai day the state of Mohe sent envoys with tribute. In the ninth month, on the bingchen day, a partial amnesty was proclaimed in the capital. The state of Kucha sent envoys presenting great horses, famous camels, and many treasures.
33
冬十月壬辰，詔員外散騎常侍鄭羲使於劉準。 十有一月庚戌，詔曰：「懸爵於朝，而有功者必縻其賞； 懸刑於市，而有罪者必罹其辜。 斯乃古今之成典，治道之實要。 諸州刺史，牧民之官，自頃以來，遂各怠慢，縱姦納賂，背公緣私，致令賊盜並興，侵劫茲甚，姦宄之聲屢聞朕聽。 朕承太平之運，屬千載之期，思光洪緒，惟新庶績； 亦望蕃翰羣司敷德宣惠，以助沖人，共成斯美。 幸克己復禮，思愆改過，使寡昧無愧於祖宗，百姓見德於當世。 有司明為條禁，稱朕意焉。」 十有二月癸巳，誅南郡王李惠。
In the tenth month of winter, on the renchen day, an edict named Zheng Xi, acting palace attendant of scattered cavalry, envoy to Liu Zhun. In the eleventh month, on the gengxu day, an edict said, "When ranks are suspended at court, those with merit must be bound to reward; when punishments are suspended in the market, those with guilt must suffer their penalty. This is the settled canon of ancient and modern times and the solid essentials of the way of rule. The provincial inspectors are officials who pasture the people; recently they have each been remiss and lax, indulging wrongdoing and taking bribes, turning their backs on the public and seeking private gain, so that bandits and robbers arise together and raids and plunder are extreme; reports of treachery repeatedly reach our ears. We inherit the fortune of peace and belong to the term of a thousand years, thinking to enlarge the great line and renew the myriad achievements; We also look to the feudal ministers and assembled offices to spread virtue and proclaim grace and together assist our immaturity in completing this excellence. May you restrain yourselves and return to ritual, think on faults and reform errors, so that our dullness is not shamed before the ancestors and the people see virtue in the present age. The offices are clearly to set forth prohibitions by article, as our mind intends." In the twelfth month, on the guisi day, Li Hui, Prince of Nan commandery, was executed.
34
是歲，州鎮二十餘水旱，民飢，開倉賑恤。
That year more than twenty provinces and garrisons suffered flood and drought; the people were hungry and granaries were opened for relief.
35
三年春正月癸丑，坤德六合殿成。 庚申，詔罷行察官。 二月辛巳，帝、太皇太后幸代郡溫泉，問民疾苦，鰥貧者以宮女妻之。 己亥，還宮。 壬寅，乾象六合殿成。 [9]三月甲辰，曲赦京師。 戊午，吐谷渾、高麗國各遣使朝獻。
In the first month of spring of the third year, on the guichou day, the Kunde Six Harmonies Hall was completed. On the gengshen day an edict abolished touring inspection officials. In the second month, on the xinsi day, the emperor and grand empress dowager visited the hot springs of Dai commandery, inquired into the people's hardships, and gave palace women as wives to widowers and the poor. On the jihai day the court returned to the palace. On the renyin day the Qianxiang Six Harmonies Hall was completed. [9] In the third month, on the jiachen day, a partial amnesty was proclaimed in the capital. On the wuwu day Tuyuhun and Goryeo each sent envoys with tribute.
36
夏四月壬申，劉準遣使朝獻。 癸未，樂良王樂平薨。 辛卯，蠕蠕國遣使朝獻。 丙申，幸崞山。 己亥，還宮。 庚子，淮陽公尉元進爵為王。 吐谷渾國遣使獻氂牛五十頭。 雍州刺史、宜都王目辰有罪賜死。 五月丁巳，帝祈雨於北苑，閉陽門，是日澍雨大洽。 辛酉，詔曰：「昔四代養老，問道乞言。 朕雖沖昧，每尚其美。 今賜國老各衣一襲，綿五斤，絹布各五匹。」 六月辛未，以雍州民飢，開倉賑恤。 起文石室、靈泉殿於方山。
In the fourth month of summer, on the renshen day, Liu Zhun sent envoys with tribute. On the guiwei day Prince of Lele Yueping died. On the xinmao day the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. On the bingshen day the court visited Mount Guo. On the jihai day the court returned to the palace. On the gengzi day Wei Yuan, Duke of Huaiyang, was advanced to prince. The state of Tuyuhun sent envoys presenting fifty yak. Muchin, inspector of Yong province and Prince of Yidu, was guilty and sentenced to death. In the fifth month, on the dingsi day, the emperor prayed for rain in the northern park and closed Yang Gate; that day timely rain fell abundantly. On the xinyou day an edict said, "In past ages the four dynasties nourished the aged and sought counsel, begging for words. Though we are immature, we always honor this excellence. Now bestow on each national elder one suit of clothing, five jin of cotton, and five bolts each of silk and cloth." In the sixth month, on the xinwei day, because the people of Yong province were hungry, granaries were opened for relief. The Wenshi Chamber and Lingquan Hall were begun on Mount Fang.
37
冬十月己巳朔，大赦天下。 十有一月癸卯，賜京師貧窮、高年、疾患不能自存者衣服布帛各有差。 癸丑，進假梁郡公元嘉爵為假王，督二將出淮陰； 隴西公元琛三將出廣陵； 河東公薛虎子三將出壽春。 蠕蠕率騎十餘萬南寇，至塞而還。 十有二月，粟特、州逸、河龔、疊伏羅、員闊、悉萬斤諸國各遣使朝貢。
On the new moon of the tenth month of winter, on the jisi day, a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. In the eleventh month, on the guimao day, the poor, aged, and sick in the capital who could not support themselves were given clothing and cloth in differing amounts. On the guichou day Yuan Jia, acting Prince of Liang commandery, was advanced to acting prince and ordered to command two generals out from Huaiyin; Yuan Chen of Longxi with three generals out from Guangling; Xue Huzi of Hedong with three generals out from Shouchun. The Rouran led more than a hundred thousand horse south to raid; they reached the frontier and returned. In the twelfth month Sogdiana, Zhouyi, Hegong, Diefuluo, Yuan Kuo, Sivanjin, and other states each sent envoys with tribute.
38
是年，島夷蕭道成廢其主劉準而僭立，自號曰齊。
That year the island barbarian Xiao Daocheng deposed his lord Liu Zhun and usurped the throne, styling himself Qi.
39
四月己卯，[10]幸廷尉、籍坊二獄，引見諸囚。 詔曰：「廷尉者，天下之平，民命之所懸也。 朕得惟刑之恤者，仗獄官之稱其任也。 一夫不耕，將或受其餒； 一婦不織，將或受其寒。 今農時要月，百姓肆力之秋，而愚民陷罪者甚眾。 宜隨輕重決遣，以赴耕耘之業。」 辛巳，幸白登山。 甲申，賜天下貧人一戶之內無雜財穀帛者廩一年。 五月丙申朔，幸火山。 壬寅，還宮。 六月丁卯，以澍雨大洽，曲赦京師。 以紬綾絹布百萬匹及南伐所俘賜王公已下。
In the fourth month, on the jimao day, [10] the court visited the Ministry of Justice and Registry prisons and summoned the prisoners. An edict said, "The Ministry of Justice is the balance of the realm; the people's lives hang upon it. That we may show pity in punishment depends on the prison officials fitting their charge. If one man does not plow, others may suffer his hunger; if one woman does not weave, others may suffer her cold. Now it is the crucial month of farming, the autumn when the people exert their strength, yet foolish people who fall into crime are very numerous. Dispose according to lightness and heaviness and send them to farming work." On the xinsi day the court visited Mount Baideng. On the jiashen day households in the realm without miscellaneous property were given one year's grain from the granary. On the new moon of the fifth month, on the bingshen day, the court visited Mount Huo. On the renyin day the court returned to the palace. In the sixth month, on the dingmao day, because timely rain had fallen abundantly, a partial amnesty was proclaimed in the capital. A million bolts of silk, damask, thin silk, and cloth and captives from the southern campaign were bestowed on princes and dukes and below.
40
秋七月辛亥，行幸火山。 壬子，改作東明觀。 詔會京師耆老，賜錦綵、衣服、几杖、稻米、蜜、麵，復家人不徭役。 悉萬斤國遣使朝貢。 閏月丁亥，幸虎圈，親錄囚徒，輕者皆免之。 壬辰，頓丘王李鍾葵有罪賜死。 蕭道成角城戍主請舉城內屬。 八月丁酉，詔徐州刺史、假梁郡王嘉赴接之。 又遣平南將軍郎大檀三將出朐城，將軍白吐頭二將出海西，將軍元泰二將出連口，將軍封匹三將出角城，[11]鎮南將軍賀羅出下蔡。 甲辰，幸方山。 戊申，幸武州山石窟寺。 庚戌，還宮。 乙卯，詔諸州置冰室。 蕭道成梁州刺史崔慧景遣長史裴叔保率眾寇武興，關城氐帥楊鼠擊破之，叔保還南鄭。 九月，蕭道成汝南太守常元真、龍驤將軍胡青苟率戶內屬。 乙亥，思義殿成。 壬午，東明觀成。 戊子，詔曰：「隆寒雪降，諸在徽纆及轉輸在都或有凍餒，朕用愍焉。 可遣侍臣詣廷尉獄及有囚之所，周巡省察，飢寒者給以衣食，桎梏者代以輕鎖。」 假梁郡王嘉破蕭道成將盧紹之、玄元度於朐山，其下蔡戍主棄城遁走。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the xinhai day, the court traveled to Mount Huo. On the renzi day the Dongming Observatory was rebuilt. An edict assembled the capital's elders and bestowed brocade, clothing, armrests, staffs, rice, honey, and flour; their households were exempted from corvée. The state of Sogdiana sent envoys with tribute. In the intercalary month, on the dinghai day, the court visited the tiger park and personally recorded prisoners; the light cases were all pardoned. On the renchen day Li Zhongkui, Prince of Dunqiu, was guilty and sentenced to death. The garrison commander of Jiaocheng in Xiao Daocheng's realm asked to submit the city inward. In the eighth month, on the dingyou day, an edict ordered Jia, inspector of Xuzhou and acting Prince of Liang commandery, to go to receive them. Also dispatched Lang Datan, General Who Pacifies the South, with three generals out from Ju city; Bai Tutou with two generals out from Haixi; Yuan Tai with two generals out from Lian mouth; Feng Pi with three generals out from Jiaocheng; [11] and Heluo, General Who Guards the South, out from Xia cai. On the jiachen day the court visited Mount Fang. On the wushen day the court visited the cave temple at Mount Wuzhou. On the gengxu day the court returned to the palace. On the yimao day an edict ordered all provinces to establish ice houses. Cui Huijing, governor of Liang province in Xiao Daocheng's realm, sent Chief Clerk Pei Shubao leading troops to raid Wuxing; Yang Shu, Di chief of Guancheng, defeated them and Shubao returned to Nanzheng. In the ninth month Chang Yuanzhen, administrator of Runan in Xiao Daocheng's realm, and Flying Dragon General Hu Qinggou led their households inward. On the yihai day the Siyi Hall was completed. On the renwu day the Dongming Observatory was completed. On the wuzi day an edict said, "Severe cold and snow fall; those in fetters and those in transport at the capital may suffer cold and hunger—we are moved for them. Dispatch attendant ministers to the Ministry of Justice prison and places with prisoners to tour and inspect; give food and clothing to the hungry and cold, and replace heavy shackles with light bonds." Jia, acting Prince of Liang commandery, defeated Xiao Daocheng's generals Lu Shaozhi and Xuan Yuandu at Ju Mountain; the garrison chief at Xia cai abandoned the city and fled.
41
冬十月丁未，詔昌黎王馮熙為西道都督，與征南將軍桓誕出義陽； 鎮南將軍賀羅，自下蔡東出鍾離。 蘭陵民桓富殺其縣令，與昌慮桓和北連太山羣盜張和顏等，[12]聚黨保五固，推司馬朗之為主。 詔淮陽王尉元等討之。
In the tenth month of winter, on the dingwei day, an edict made Feng Xi, Prince of Changli, western-route commander and, with Huan Dan, General Who Campaigns South, advanced from Yiyang; Heluo, General Who Guards the South, advanced east from Xia cai toward Zhongli. Huan Fu of Lanling killed his county magistrate and, with Huan He of Changyu and the Taishan bandit Zhang Heyan and others, [12] gathered a band and held Wugu, making Sima Langzhi their leader. An edict ordered Wei Yuan, Prince of Huaiyang, and others to campaign against them.
42
是歲，詔以州鎮十八水旱，民飢，開倉賑恤。
That year an edict ordered granaries opened for relief in eighteen provinces and garrisons that suffered flood and drought, where the people were hungry.
43
五年春正月己卯，車駕南巡。 丁亥，至中山。 親見高年，問民疾苦。 二月辛卯朔，大赦天下。 賜孝悌力田、孤貧不能自存者穀帛有差； 免宮人年老者還其所親。 丁酉，車駕幸信都，存問如中山。 癸卯，還中山。 己酉，講武于唐水之陽。 庚戌，車駕還都。 沙門法秀謀反，伏誅。 南征諸將擊破蕭道成游擊將軍桓康於淮陽。 道成豫州刺史垣崇祖寇下蔡，昌黎王馮熙擊破之。 假梁郡王嘉大破道成將，俘獲三萬餘口送京師。 三月辛酉朔，車駕幸肆州。 癸亥，講武于雲水之陽。 所經，考察守宰，加以黜陟。 己巳，車駕還宮。 詔曰：「法秀妖詐亂常，妄說符瑞，蘭臺御史張求等一百餘人，招結奴隸，謀為大逆，有司科以族誅，誠合刑憲。 且矜愚重命，[13]猶所弗忍。 其五族者，降止同祖； 三族，止一門； 門誅，止身。」
In the first month of spring of the fifth year, on the jimao day, the imperial carriage toured south. On the dinghai day the court reached Zhongshan. The emperor personally saw the aged and inquired into the people's hardships. On the new moon of the second month, on the xinmao day, a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. Grain and cloth in differing amounts were bestowed on the filial, fraternal, and diligent in farming, and the orphaned and poor who could not support themselves; aged palace women were released to their kin. On the dingyou day the imperial carriage visited Xindu and inquired as at Zhongshan. On the guimao day the court returned to Zhongshan. On the jiyou day martial review was held on the south bank of the Tang River. On the gengxu day the imperial carriage returned to the capital. The monk Faxiu plotted rebellion and was executed. The southern campaign generals defeated Huan Kang, Xiao Daocheng's mobile general, at Huaiyang. Xiao Daocheng's inspector of Yuzhou, Yuan Chongzu, raided Xiakai; Feng Xi, Prince of Changli, defeated them. Acting Prince of Liangjun Jia routed Daocheng's generals, took more than thirty thousand captives, and sent them to the capital. In the third month, on the xinyou day, the new moon, the emperor went to Sizhou. On the guihai day he held a military review on the south bank of Yunshui. Wherever he passed he examined prefects and magistrates and promoted or demoted them. On the jisi day the court returned to the palace. An edict stated, "The monk Faxiu disturbed the norm through demonic fraud and falsely spoke of omens and portents. Orchid Terrace censor Zhang Qiu and more than a hundred others recruited slaves and plotted great treason. The offices judged them for clan extermination—truly fitting the penal statutes. Yet to pity the foolish and value life [13] is what we still cannot bear. For the five clans, reduce punishment to the same great-grandfather; for the three clans, stop at one gate; for gate execution, stop at the person alone."
44
秋七月甲子，蕭道成遣使朝貢。 辛酉，蠕蠕別帥他稽率眾內附。 甲戌，班乞養雜戶及戶籍之制五條。 九月庚子，閱武於南郊，大饗羣臣。 蕭道成使車僧朗以班在劉準使殷靈誕之後，辭不就席。 劉準降人解奉君，刃僧朗於會中。 詔誅奉君等。 乙亥，封昌黎王馮熙世子誕為南平王。 兗州斬司馬朗之，傳首京師。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the jiazi day, Xiao Daocheng sent envoys with tribute. On the xinyou day a separate Rouran commander, Taji, led his band in submission. On the jiaxu day five articles on relief households, mixed dependents, and household registers were promulgated. In the ninth month, on the gengzi day, troops were reviewed at the southern suburb and the assembled ministers were given a great feast. Xiao Daocheng sent Che Senglang; because his place in the seating order came after Yin Lingdan, Liu Zhun's envoy, he declined and would not take his seat. Xie Fengjun, a man of Liu Zhun who had surrendered, stabbed Senglang amid the assembly. An edict ordered the execution of Fengjun and others. On the yihai day Dan, heir of Feng Xi, Prince of Changli, was enfeoffed as Prince of Nanping. Yanzhou beheaded Sima Langzhi and sent the head to the capital.
45
冬十月癸卯，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 十有二月癸巳，詔以州鎮十二民飢，開倉賑恤。
In the tenth month of winter, on the guimao day, the state of Rouran sent envoys with tribute. In the twelfth month, on the guisi day, an edict stated that twelve provinces and garrisons had famished people; granaries were opened for relief.
46
六年春正月甲戌，大赦天下。 二月辛卯，詔曰：「靈丘郡土既褊塉，又諸州路衝，官私所經，供費非一，往年巡行，見其勞瘁，可復民租調十五年。」 癸巳，白蘭王吐谷渾翼世以誣罔伏誅。 乙未，詔曰：「蕭道成逆亂江淮，戎旗頻舉，七州之民既有征運之勞，深乖輕徭之義，朕甚愍之。 其復常調三年。」 戊申，地豆于國遣使朝貢。 癸丑，賜王公已下清勤著稱者穀帛有差。 三月庚辰，行幸虎圈，詔曰：「虎狼猛暴，食肉殘生，取捕之日，每多傷害，既無所益，損費良多，從今勿復捕貢。」 辛巳，幸武州山石窟寺，賜貧老者衣服。 壬午，幸方山。 是月，蕭道成死，子賾僭立。
In the first month of spring of the sixth year, on the jiaxu day, a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. In the second month, on the xinmao day, an edict stated, "Lingqiu commandery's soil is cramped and poor, and it lies on routes between provinces; public and private passage entails no small expense. On last year's tour I saw its toil and exhaustion; the people's rent and levies may be remitted for fifteen years." On the guisi day Prince of Bailan, Tuyuhun Yishi, was executed for false accusation. On the yiwei day an edict stated, "Xiao Daocheng rebelled and threw the Jiang-Huai into disorder; battle banners were raised again and again. The people of seven provinces already bear the labor of transport for campaigns—deeply at odds with the principle of light levies. We are deeply moved with pity. Let the regular levies be remitted for three years." On the wushen day the state of Dadouyu sent envoys with tribute. On the guichou day princes, dukes, and officials below them who were noted for purity and diligence were given grain and cloth in differing amounts. In the third month, on the gengchen day, he went to the Tiger Park. An edict stated, "Tigers and wolves are fierce and cruel, eating flesh and destroying life. On capture days there are always many injuries; since there is no benefit and the waste is great, from now on do not again present captured beasts as tribute." On the xinsi day he visited the cave-temple on Mount Wuzhou and gave clothing to the aged poor. On the renwu day he visited Mount Fang. That month Xiao Daocheng died; his son Ze usurped the throne.
47
夏四月甲辰，賜畿內鰥寡孤獨不能自存者粟帛有差。 六月，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。
In the fourth month of summer, on the jiachen day, within the capital region widowers, widows, orphans, and the solitary who could not support themselves were given grain and cloth in differing amounts. In the sixth month the state of Rouran sent envoys with tribute.
48
秋七月，發州郡五萬人治靈丘道。 八月癸未朔，分遣大使，巡行天下遭水之處，丐民租賦，貧儉不自存者，[15]賜以粟帛。 庚子，罷山澤之禁。 九月辛酉，以氐楊後起為武都王。
In the seventh month of autumn fifty thousand men from provinces and commanderies were levied to work on the Lingqiu road. In the eighth month, on the guimao day, the new moon, great and small envoys were dispatched separately to tour places throughout the realm that had suffered flood; the people's rent and levies were remitted, and those poor and unable to support themselves [15] were given grain and cloth. On the gengzi day the prohibition on mountains and marshes was lifted. In the ninth month, on the xinyou day, the Di chieftain Yang Houqi was made Prince of Wudu.
49
冬十有一月乙卯，吐谷渾國遣使朝貢。 十有二月丁亥，詔曰：「朕以寡薄，政缺平和，不能仰緝緯象，蠲茲六沴。 去秋淫雨，洪水為災，百姓嗷然，朕用嗟愍，故遣使者循方賑恤。 而牧守不思利民之道，期於取辦。 愛毛反裘，甚無謂也。 今課督未入及將來租算，一以丐之。 有司勉加勸課，以要來穰，稱朕意焉。」
In the eleventh month of winter, on the yimao day, the state of Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. In the twelfth month, on the dinghai day, an edict stated, "We are meager and slight; government lacks peace and harmony and cannot look up to align the celestial signs and avert these six calamities. Last autumn's excessive rain brought flood disaster; the people cried out—we sighed with pity and therefore sent envoys to tour the regions and give relief. Yet the prefects and shepherds did not think of ways to benefit the people but aimed only to collect and finish. To cherish the fur and turn against the hide—how very pointless. Now all levies not yet entered and all future rent assessments are entirely remitted. Let the offices strive to encourage collection so as to secure next year's abundance—this accords with our intent."
50
七年春正月庚申，詔曰：「朕每思知百姓之所疾苦，以增修寬政，而明不燭遠，實有缺焉。 故具問守宰苛虐之狀於州郡使者、秀孝、計掾，而對多不實，甚乖朕虛求之意。 宜案以大辟，明罔上必誅。 然情猶未忍，可恕罪聽歸。 申下天下，使知後犯無恕。」 丁卯，詔青、齊、光、東徐四州之民，戶運倉粟二十石，[16]送瑕丘、琅邪，復租算一年。 三月甲戌，以冀定二州民飢，詔郡縣為粥於路以食之，又弛關津之禁，任其去來。
In the first month of spring of the seventh year, on the gengshen day, an edict stated, "We constantly think to know the people's hardships so as to increase and repair lenient government, yet our clarity does not illumine what is far—truly there are gaps. Therefore we fully questioned provincial and commandery envoys, recommended filial sons, and review clerks about the harsh and cruel conduct of prefects and magistrates, yet the replies were mostly untrue—greatly at odds with our intent in earnestly seeking truth. They ought to be judged by the great capital statute, making clear that deceiving the throne must be punished. Yet our feeling still cannot bear it; they may be pardoned of crime and allowed to return. Proclaim this below to all under Heaven so that all know later offenses will not be pardoned." On the dingmao day an edict stated that the people of Qing, Qi, Guang, and Eastern Xu provinces, each household transporting twenty shi of granary grain [16] to Xiaqiu and Langye, would have rent assessments remitted for one year. In the third month, on the jiaxu day, because the people of Ji and Ding provinces were famished, an edict ordered commanderies and counties to set out porridge on the roads to feed them, and also relaxed prohibitions at passes and fords, allowing free coming and going.
51
夏四月庚子，幸崞山，賜所過鰥寡不能自存者衣服粟帛。 壬寅，車駕還宮。 閏月癸丑，皇子生，大赦天下。 五月戊寅朔，幸武州山石窟佛寺。 六月，定州上言，為粥給飢人，所活九十四萬七千餘口。
In the fourth month of summer, on the gengzi day, he visited Mount Guo and gave clothing, grain, and cloth to widowers and widows along the route who could not support themselves. On the renyin day the court returned to the palace. In the intercalary month, on the guichou day, an imperial son was born and a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. In the fifth month, on the wuyin day, the new moon, he visited the cave Buddhist temple on Mount Wuzhou. In the sixth month Ding province reported that porridge was given to the famished; those kept alive numbered more than 947,000 mouths.
52
秋七月丁丑，帝、太皇太后幸神淵池。 甲申，幸方山。 詔假員外散騎常侍李彪、員外郎蘭英使於蕭賾。 濟南王羅拔改封趙郡王。 九月壬寅，詔曰：「朕承祖宗，夙夜惟懼，然聽政之際，猶慮未周，至於案文審獄，思聞己過。 自今羣官奏事，當獻可替否，無或面從，俾朕之過，彰於遠近。」 冀州上言，為粥給飢民，所活七十五萬一千七百餘口。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the dingchou day, the emperor and the empress dowager visited the Divine Abyss Pool. On the jiashen day he visited Mount Fang. An edict made Li Biao, acting palace attendant of scattered cavalry, and Lanying, outer office member, envoys to Xiao Ze. Prince of Jinan Luoba was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Zhao commandery. In the ninth month, on the renyin day, an edict stated, "We inherit the ancestors, fearful day and night, yet in the intervals of hearing government we still worry it is not complete; as to examining documents and trying cases, we wish to hear our faults. From now on when the assembled officials present affairs, they should offer what is acceptable and replace what is not—none may agree to our face, so that our faults may be made manifest near and far." Ji province reported that porridge was given to famished people; those kept alive numbered more than 751,700 mouths.
53
冬十月戊午，皇信堂成。 十有一月辛丑，蕭賾遣使朝貢。 十有二月癸丑，詔曰：「淳風行於上古，禮化用乎近葉。 是以夏殷不嫌一族之婚，周世始絕同姓之娶。 斯皆教隨時設，治因事改者也。 皇運初基，中原未混，撥亂經綸，日不暇給，古風遺樸，未遑釐改，後遂因循，迄茲莫變。 朕屬百年之期，當後仁之政，思易質舊，式昭惟新。 自今悉禁絕之，有犯以不道論。」 庚午，開林慮山禁，與民共之。 詔以州鎮十三民飢，開倉賑恤。
In the tenth month of winter, on the wuwu day, the Imperial Trust Hall was completed. In the eleventh month, on the xinchou day, Xiao Ze sent envoys with tribute. In the twelfth month, on the guichou day, an edict stated, "Pure custom flourished in high antiquity; ritual transformation was employed in recent ages. Thus Xia and Yin did not shrink from marriage within one clan; the Zhou age first ended marriage between those of the same surname. These were all teachings set according to the times and government changed with affairs. When the imperial fortune was first founded the central plains were not yet united; in settling disorder and ordering the realm there was no leisure day by day; ancient custom and surviving simplicity were not yet rectified, and later it was followed as precedent until now without change. We stand in the period of a hundred years and ought to enact humane government hereafter; we think to change the substance of the old and make the renewal manifest. From now on let it all be utterly forbidden; violators are to be judged by the statute of impiety." On the gengwu day the prohibition on Mount Linlü was opened and shared with the people. An edict stated that thirteen provinces and garrisons had famished people; granaries were opened for relief.
54
八年春正月，詔隴西公元琛、尚書陸叡為東西二道大使，褒善罰惡。 二月，蠕蠕國遣使朝獻。
In the first month of spring of the eighth year an edict made Yuan Chen of Longxi and Lu Rui, Minister of the Masters of Writing, great envoys of the eastern and western routes to praise the good and punish the evil. In the second month the state of Rouran sent envoys with tribute.
55
夏四月甲寅，幸方山。 戊午，車駕還宮。 庚申，行幸旋鴻池，遂幸崞山。 丁卯，還宮。 五月己卯，詔賑賜河南七州戍兵。 甲申，詔員外散騎常侍李彪、員外郎蘭英使於蕭賾。 六月丁卯，詔曰：「置官班祿，行之尚矣。 周禮有食祿之典，二漢著受俸之秩。 逮于魏晉，莫不聿稽往憲，以經綸治道。 自中原喪亂，茲制中絕，先朝因循，未遑釐改。 朕永鑒四方，求民之瘼，夙興昧旦，至於憂勤。 故憲章舊典，始班俸祿。 罷諸商人，以簡民事。 戶增調三匹、穀二斛九斗，以為官司之祿。 均預調為二匹之賦，[17]即兼商用。 雖有一時之煩，終克永逸之益。 祿行之後，贓滿一匹者死。 變法改度，宜為更始，其大赦天下，與之惟新。」 戊辰，武州水泛濫，壞民居舍。
In the fourth month of summer, on the jiayin day, he visited Mount Fang. On the wuwu day the court returned to the palace. On the gengshen day he traveled to Xuanhong Pool, then visited Mount Guo. On the dingmao day he returned to the palace. In the fifth month, on the jimao day, an edict gave relief gifts to garrison soldiers of the seven Henan provinces. On the jiashen day an edict made Li Biao, palace attendant of scattered cavalry, and Lanying, outer office member, envoys to Xiao Ze. In the sixth month, on the dingmao day, an edict stated, "Establishing offices and ranking salaries has long been practiced. The Rites of Zhou have the canon of food-salary; the two Han dynasties set the ranks of receiving stipends. Down to Wei and Jin, none failed to follow former statutes to order the realm. Since the central plains fell into disorder this system was cut off midstream; the former court followed precedent and had no leisure to rectify it. We eternally mirror the four quarters and seek the people's sores, rising early and awaiting dawn unto anxious toil. Therefore we take the old canon as law and first promulgate salaries. Merchant offices are abolished to simplify the people's affairs. Each household has an added levy of three bolts and two hu nine dou of grain for official salaries. The average advance levy as a two-bolt assessment [17] also serves commercial use. Though there is temporary trouble for a time, in the end the benefit of lasting ease is achieved. After salaries are implemented, corruption reaching one bolt is death. To change law and alter measures ought to be a fresh beginning; a general amnesty throughout the realm shares renewal with it." On the wuchen day Wuzhou waters overflowed and destroyed people's dwellings.
56
秋七月乙未，行幸方山石窟寺。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the yiwei day, he traveled to the cave-temple on Mount Fang.
57
八月甲辰，詔曰：「帝業至重，非廣詢無以致治； 王務至繁，非博採無以興功。 先王知其如此，故虛己以求過，明恕以思咎。 是以諫鼓置於堯世，謗木立於舜庭，用能耳目四達，庶類咸熙。 朕承累聖之洪基，屬千載之昌運，每布遐風，景行前式。 承明之初，班下內外，聽人各盡規，以補其闕。 中旨雖宣，允稱者少。 故變時法，遠遵古典，班制俸祿，改更刑書。 寬猛未允，人或異議，思言者莫由申情，求諫者無因自達，故令上明不周，下情壅塞。 今制百辟卿士，工商吏民，各上便宜。 利民益治，損化傷政，直言極諫，勿有所隱，務令辭無煩華，理從簡實。 朕將親覽，以知世事之要，使言之者無罪，聞之者足以為戒。」 九月甲午，蕭賾遣使朝貢。 戊戌，詔曰：「俸制已立，宜時班行，其以十月為首，每季一請。」 於是內外百官，受祿有差。
In the eighth month, on the jiachen day, an edict stated, "The imperial enterprise is supremely weighty; without broad consultation governance cannot be attained; kingly affairs are supremely numerous; without wide collection achievement cannot be raised. The former kings knew it was thus; therefore they emptied themselves to seek faults and used clear forbearance to reflect on blame. Therefore the remonstrance drum was set in the age of Yao and the slander-wood stood in Shun's court—thus ears and eyes reached the four quarters and the myriad kinds all flourished. We inherit the great foundation of successive sages and stand in the flourishing fortune of a thousand years; we constantly spread distant custom and hold up former models as exemplars. At the beginning of the Chenming reign we promulgated it within and without, hearing that each person fully present counsel to repair our gaps. Though the central edicts were proclaimed, those truly fitting were few. Therefore we changed timely law, far followed ancient canon, promulgated the salary system, and revised the penal code. Lenience and severity were not yet fitting; people had differing views; those who wished to speak had no way to declare feeling; those who sought remonstrance had no means to reach us—thus above, clarity was not complete, and below, feeling was blocked. Now we decree the hundred ministers, grandees, artisans, merchants, clerks, and commoners each to submit what is expedient. What benefits the people and aids governance, what harms transformation and injures government—speak straight and remonstrate to the limit without hiding anything; strive to make words not florid and tedious and reasoning follow simplicity and substance. We will personally review to know the essentials of worldly affairs, so that those who speak have no crime and those who hear may take warning." In the ninth month, on the jiawu day, Xiao Ze sent envoys with tribute. On the wuxu day an edict stated, "The salary system is established and ought to be promulgated in season; let the tenth month be the head and each season one payment." Thereupon civil and military officials within and without received salaries in differing amounts.
58
冬十月，高麗國遣使朝貢。 蕭賾雙城戍主王繼宗內屬。 十有一月乙未，詔員外散騎常侍李彪、員外郎蘭英使於蕭賾。 十有二月，詔以州鎮十五水旱，民飢，遣使者循行，問所疾苦，開倉賑恤。
In the tenth month of winter the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. Wang Jizong, garrison commander of Shuangcheng under Xiao Ze, submitted inward. In the eleventh month, on the yiwei day, an edict made Li Biao, palace attendant of scattered cavalry, and Lanying, outer office member, envoys to Xiao Ze. In the twelfth month an edict stated that fifteen provinces and garrisons had flood and drought and the people were famished; envoys were sent to tour, inquire into hardships, and open granaries for relief.
59
九年春正月戊寅，詔曰：「圖讖之興，起於三季。 既非經國之典，徒為妖邪所憑。 自今圖讖、祕緯及名為孔子閉房記者，一皆焚之。 留者以大辟論。 又諸巫覡假稱神鬼，妄說吉凶，及委巷諸卜非墳典所載者，嚴加禁斷。」 癸未，大饗羣臣于太華殿，班賜皇誥。 二月己亥，制皇子封王者、皇孫及曾孫紹封者、皇女封者歲祿各有差。 以廣陽王建第二子嘉紹建後，為廣陽王。 乙巳，詔曰：「昔之哲王，莫不博採下情，勤求箴諫，建設旌鼓，詢納芻蕘。 朕班祿刪刑，慮不周允，虛懷讜直，思顯洪猷。 百司卿士及工商吏民，其各上書極諫，靡有所隱。」 三月丙申，宕昌國遣使朝貢。 封皇弟禧為咸陽王，幹為河南王，羽為廣陵王，雍為潁川王，勰為始平王，詳為北海王。
In the first month of spring of the ninth year, on the wuyin day, an edict stated, "The rise of prognostic charts began in the three final ages. They are not canons for ordering the state but only vessels for demonic evil to rely on. From now on prognostic charts, esoteric wefts, and texts styled as Confucius's chamber records are all to be burned. Those who keep them are judged by the great capital statute. Also all shamans and wizards who falsely claim gods and ghosts and recklessly speak of fortune and misfortune, and alley divinations not recorded in the tomb classics, are strictly forbidden." On the guimao day a great feast was given to the assembled ministers in the Grand Splendor Hall; imperial patent edicts were distributed. In the second month, on the jihai day, yearly salaries were regulated for imperial sons enfeoffed as kings, imperial grandsons and great-grandsons who succeeded to enfeoffments, and enfeoffed imperial daughters—each in differing amounts. Jia, second son of Prince of Guangyang Jian, succeeded to Jian's line and was made Prince of Guangyang. On the yisi day an edict stated, "The sage kings of old all broadly collected sentiment below, diligently sought admonition and remonstrance, set up signal drums, and inquired and received counsel from the grass and firewood. We promulgated salaries and pruned punishments, fearing it was not fully fitting; with empty breast we embrace straight remonstrance and think to display great design. The hundred offices, grandees, and artisans, merchants, clerks, and commoners—each submit memorials remonstrating to the limit without hiding anything." In the third month, on the bingshen day, the state of Dangchang sent envoys with tribute. The emperor's younger brother Xi was enfeoffed as Prince of Xianyang, Gan as Prince of Henan, Yu as Prince of Guangling, Yong as Prince of Yingchuan, Xie as Prince of Shiping, and Xiang as Prince of Beihai.
60
夏四月癸丑，幸方山。 甲寅，還宮。 五月，高麗國及蕭賾並遣使朝貢。 六月辛亥，幸方山，遂幸靈泉池。 丁巳，還宮。
In the fourth month of summer, on the guichou day, he visited Mount Fang. On the jiayin day he returned to the palace. In the fifth month the state of Goryeo and Xiao Ze each sent envoys with tribute. In the sixth month, on the xinhai day, he visited Mount Fang, then visited the Spirit Spring Pool. On the dingsi day he returned to the palace.
61
秋七月丙寅朔，新作諸門。 癸未，遣使拜宕昌王梁彌機兄子彌承為其國王。 戊子，幸魚池，登青原岡。 甲午，還宮。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the bingyin day, the new moon, the various gates were newly built. On the guimao day an envoy was sent to invest Micheng, nephew of Dangchang king Liang Miji, as king of that state. On the wuzi day he visited Fish Pool and ascended Qingyuan Mound. On the jiawu day he returned to the palace.
62
八月己亥，行幸彌澤。 甲寅，登牛頭山。 庚申，詔曰：「數州災水，飢饉荐臻，致有賣鬻男女者。 天之所譴，在予一人，而百姓無辜，橫罹艱毒，朕用殷憂夕惕，忘食與寢。 今自太和六年已來，買定、冀、幽、相四州飢民良口者，盡還所親，雖娉為妻妾，遇之非理，情不樂者亦離之。」 甲子，還宮。
In the eighth month, on the jihai day, he traveled to Mize. On the jiayin day he ascended Ox Head Mountain. On the gengshen day an edict stated, "Several provinces suffered flood disaster; famine followed in succession, so that men and women were sold. Heaven's reproof rests on us alone, yet the people are innocent and wrongly suffer bitter harm—we are deeply anxious evening and morning, forgetting food and sleep. Now from the sixth year of Taihe onward, for good commoners of famished people bought in Ding, Ji, You, and Xiang provinces, all are returned to kin; even if taken in formal betrothal as wives or concubines, if treated unreasonably and unwilling in feeling, they are also separated." On the jiazi day he returned to the palace.
63
是年，京師及州鎮十三水旱傷稼。 宕昌、高麗、吐谷渾等國並遣使朝貢。
That year the capital and thirteen provinces and garrisons suffered flood, drought, and crop damage. The states of Dangchang, Goryeo, Tuyuhun, and others each sent envoys with tribute.
64
校勘記
Collation notes
65
詔軍警給璽印傳符次給馬印御覽卷六八四 〈三０五０頁〉 、冊府卷六０ 〈六六八頁〉 「璽印」作「雀印」。 「雀印」「馬印」當指印紐，疑作「雀」是。
Edict that military alerts supply seal impressions and transit tallies, next supply horse seals: Yulan juan 684 〈p. 3050〉 , Cefu juan 60 〈p. 668〉 "Seal impression" reads "sparrow seal." "Sparrow seal" and "horse seal" ought to refer to seal knobs; suspect "sparrow" is correct.
66
詔州郡縣各遣二人才堪專對者赴九月講武當親問風俗冊府卷六七 〈七五二頁〉 「赴」下有「行在所」三字。 按「赴九月講武」，雖也可通，語較澀，疑脫「行在所」三字。
Edict that each province, commandery, and county send two men capable of exclusive response to go to the September military review where the sovereign will personally inquire into custom: Cefu juan 67 〈p. 752〉 Below "go to" are the three characters "the traveling palace." According to "go to the September military review," though it can pass, the language is rather stiff; suspect the three characters "traveling palace" are missing.
67
乙亥北史卷三殿本「乙亥」作「丁亥」，考證云：「據上文云『九月辛巳，車駕還宮』，下文云：『己亥，詔囚死不得暴露』，則此十九日內，定應作『丁』。」 按辛巳、己亥間不得有「乙亥」，定有誤，但也可能誤在「亥」字。
Day yihai: Beishi juan 3, Palace Edition, reads "yihai" as "dinghai"; textual verification states, "According to the text above, 'Ninth month, day xinsi, the imperial carriage returned to the palace,' and below, 'Day jihai, edict that dead prisoners may not be exposed,' then within these nineteen days it certainly ought to read 'ding.' According to this, between xinsi and jihai there cannot be "yihai"—there is certainly error, but it may also be error in the "hai" character.
68
羣官卿士下及吏民冊府卷一０二一 〈二二一頁〉 「官」作「公」。 按「羣公卿士」是成語，上文八月詔即有「羣公卿士其各勉厥心」句。 這裡「官」字當訛。
Assembled officials, grandees below, and clerks and commoners: Cefu juan 1021 〈p. 221〉 "Official" reads "duke." According to "assembled dukes and grandees" is a set phrase; the August edict above has the line "assembled dukes and grandees, each strive your hearts." Here the character "official" must be corrupt.
69
推上本部丞北史卷三、通鑑卷一三四 〈四二００頁〉 「推上」作「唯止」。 殿本依北史改。 百衲、南、北、汲、局本都作「推上」。 按作「唯止」語意較明，但「推上」亦可通，今從百衲等本。
Promote to the director of the original department: Beishi juan 3, Zizhi Tongjian juan 134 〈p. 4200〉 "Promote to" reads "only stop." The Palace Edition changed according to Beishi. Bainabon, Southern, Northern, Ji, and Bureau editions all read "promote to." According to reading "only stop" the meaning is clearer, but "promote to" can also pass; now follow Bainabon and other editions.
70
京師旱百衲本「旱」字空格，諸本都作「蝗」，北史卷三、御覽卷一０三 〈四九二頁〉 、冊府卷二六 〈二七七頁〉 和本書卷一０八天象志一都作「旱」。 御覽、冊府採自魏書，却和北史同，知魏書本也作「旱」。 今據作「旱」。
Capital drought: Bainabon edition has a blank space for the character "drought"; all editions read "locust," Beishi juan 3, Yulan juan 103 〈p. 492〉 , Cefu juan 26 〈p. 277〉 And this book's juan 108, Treatise on Celestial Phenomena 1, all read "drought." Yulan and Cefu excerpt from the Book of Wei yet agree with Beishi, showing the Wei Shu original also read "drought." Now adopted as "drought."
71
不惟氏族下與非類婚偶諸本和北史卷三「下」上有「高」字，百衲本無。 按冊府卷六二 〈六九七頁〉 、通鑑卷一三０ 〈四二一七頁〉 也沒有「高」字，諸本當是據北史增。 今從百衲本，「下」字連下讀。
Not only clans below marrying with unlike kinds: all editions and Beishi juan 3 have the character "high" above "below"; Bainabon lacks it. According to Cefu juan 62 〈p. 697〉 , Zizhi Tongjian juan 130 〈p. 4217〉 also lacks the character "high"; all editions must have added it according to Beishi. Now follow Bainabon edition; the character "below" is read with what follows.
72
壬寅乾象六合殿成按這條和四年正月癸卯條重複。 北史卷三本年不書，只記于四年，疑這裏是衍文。
Day renyin, Qianxiang Liuhe Hall completed: according to this entry and the fourth year, first month, guimao entry, they duplicate. Beishi juan 3 does not record it this year but only in the fourth year; suspect this is superfluous text here.
73
四月己卯諸本「己卯」作「乙卯」。 按上文三月已有「乙卯」，不應四月又有此日。 本年四月丙寅朔，無「乙卯」，下文見「辛巳」，則「乙卯」乃「己卯」之訛，今改正。 又「四月」上當脫「夏」字。
Fourth month, day jimao: all editions read "jimao" as "yimao." According to the text above, third month already had "yimao"; there ought not be this day again in fourth month. This year fourth month, day bingyin first of month, has no "yimao"; below appears "xinsi"—then "yimao" is corruption for "jimao"; now corrected. Also above "fourth month" the character "summer" is probably missing.
74
將軍封匹三將出角城按通鑑卷一三五 〈四二三九頁〉 、本書卷九八蕭道成傳「封匹」都作「封延」，疑「匹」字訛，但冊府卷一二一 〈一四四九頁〉 也作「封匹」，今不改。
General Feng Pi with three generals issued from Jiaocheng: according to Zizhi Tongjian juan 135 〈p. 4239〉 , this book's juan 98, Biography of Xiao Daocheng, both read "Feng Yan"; suspect "Pi" is corrupt, but Cefu juan 121 〈p. 1449〉 also reads "Feng Pi"; not changed now.
75
蘭陵民桓富至張和顏等按南齊書卷二七李安民傳記此事云：「徐州民桓標之、兗州人徐猛子等合義眾數萬，柴險求援。」 通鑑卷一三五 〈四二四一頁〉 考異認為「桓富即標之」。
Lanling commoners Huan Fu to Zhang Heyan and others: according to Nan Qi Shu juan 27, Biography of Li Anmin, records this matter: "Xuzhou commoner Huan Biaozhi and Yanzhou man Xu Mengzi and others joined righteous bands numbering tens of thousands, fortified difficult terrain and sought aid." Zizhi Tongjian juan 135 〈p. 4241〉 Kaoyi considers "Huan Fu is Biaozhi."
76
且矜愚重命北史卷三、冊府卷一五０ 〈一八一一頁〉 「且」作「但」。 按文義當作「但」。
Yet pity the foolish and value life: Beishi juan 3, Cefu juan 150 〈p. 1811〉 "Yet" reads "but." According to the sense of the text it ought to read "but."
77
中山王叡薨按王叡，卷九三恩幸傳有傳，太和三年封中山王，異姓王公例當書姓，這裏「王」下當脫一「王」字。
Prince of Zhongshan Rui died: according to Wang Rui, juan 93 Biographies of Favored Attendants has a biography; in the third year of Taihe he was enfeoffed Prince of Zhongshan; for non-imperial-clan kings and dukes the surname is normally written—here below "Wang" one character "Wang" is probably missing.
78
貧儉不自存者冊府卷一０五 〈一二五四頁〉 「不」下有「能」字。 按文義當有「能」字，上文四月和下文七年四月都作「不能自存者」可證。
Those poor and unable to support themselves: Cefu juan 105 〈p. 1254〉 Below "not" is the character "able." According to the sense of the text the character "able" ought to be present; the text above in fourth month and below in seventh year fourth month both read "unable to support themselves," which can verify it.
79
均預調為二匹之賦卷一一０食貨志此句作「後 〈通典卷五作「復」〉 增調外帛滿二匹」。
The average advance levy as a two-bolt assessment: juan 110 Treatise on Food and Currency has this sentence as "later 〈Tongdian juan 5 reads "restore"〉 added levy of outer cloth reaching two bolts."