Volume 7b Annals: Gaozu 2 (Emperor Xiaowen)

十年春正月癸亥朔，帝始服袞冕，朝饗萬國。壬午，蠕蠕犯塞。二月甲戌，初立黨、里、隣三長，定民戶籍。三月丙申，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。庚申，蕭賾遣使朝貢。

In the tenth year, in the first month of spring, on the guihai day, the new moon, the emperor first donned dragon robe and cap and held court to feast the myriad states. On the renwu day the Rouran raided the frontier. In the second month, on the jiaxu day, the three chiefs of party, li, and lin were first established and the people's household registers were fixed. In the third month, on the bingshen day, the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. On the gengshen day Xiao Ze sent envoys with tribute.

夏四月辛酉朔，始制五等公服。甲子，帝初以法服御輦，祀於西郊。癸酉，幸靈泉池。戊寅，車駕還宮。是月，高麗、吐谷渾國並遣使朝貢。六月辛酉，幸方山。己卯，名皇子曰恂，大赦天下。

In the fourth month of summer, on the xinyou day, the new moon, the five ranks of ducal robes were first instituted. On the jiazi day the emperor first wore ritual robes and rode the imperial carriage to sacrifice at the western suburb. On the guiyou day he visited Lingquan Pool. On the wuyin day the court returned to the palace. That month Goryeo and the Tuyuhun state each sent envoys with tribute. In the sixth month, on the xinyou day, he visited Mount Fang. On the jimao day an imperial son was named Xun and a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm.

秋七月戊戌，幸方山。八月乙亥，給尚書五等品爵已上朱衣、玉珮、大小組綬。九月辛卯，詔起明堂、辟雍。

In the seventh month of autumn, on the wuxu day, he visited Mount Fang. In the eighth month, on the yihai day, those of the Masters of Writing of fifth rank and above in noble rank were given vermilion robes, jade pendants, and great and small ribbon seals. In the ninth month, on the xinmao day, an edict ordered construction of the Bright Hall and Imperial Academy.

冬十月癸酉，有司議依故事，配始祖於南郊。十有一月，議定州郡縣官依戶給俸。十有二月壬申，蠕蠕犯塞。癸未，勿吉國遣使朝貢。乙酉，詔以汝南、潁川大飢，丐民田租，開倉賑恤。

In the tenth month of winter, on the guiyou day, the relevant offices debated pairing the Founder at the southern suburb according to precedent. In the eleventh month it was decided that officials of prefectures, commanderies, and counties would receive salaries according to households. In the twelfth month, on the renshen day, the Rouran raided the frontier. On the guiwei day the state of Mohe sent envoys with tribute. On the yiyou day an edict stated that Runan and Yingchuan had great famine; the people's field rent was remitted and granaries were opened for relief.

十有一年春正月丁亥朔，詔定樂章，非雅者除之。二月甲子，詔以肆州之雁門及代郡民飢，開倉賑恤。

In the first month of spring of the eleventh year, on the dinghai day, the new moon, an edict fixed the music canon; what was not elegant was removed. In the second month, on the jiazi day, an edict stated that the people of Yanmen in Sizhou and Dai commandery were famished; granaries were opened for relief.

秋七月己丑，詔曰：「今年穀不登，聽民出關就食，遣使者造籍，分遣去留，所在開倉賑恤。」八月壬申，蠕蠕犯塞，遣平原王陸叡討之。事具蠕蠕傳。庚辰，大議北伐，進策者百有餘人。辛巳，罷山北苑，以其地賜貧民。悉萬斤國遣使朝獻。九月庚戌，詔曰：「去夏以歲旱民飢，須遣就食，舊籍雜亂，難可分簡，故依局割民，閱戶造籍，欲令去留得實，賑貸平均。然廼者以來，猶有餓死衢路，無人收識。良由本部不明，籍貫未實，廩恤不周，以至於此。朕猥居民上，聞用慨然。可重遣精檢，勿令遺漏。」

In the seventh month of autumn, on the jichou day, an edict said, "This year the grain did not ripen; the people are permitted to leave the passes to seek food. Envoys are sent to compile registers, assigning who departs and who remains; wherever they are, granaries are to be opened for relief." In the eighth month, on the renshen day, the Rouran raided the frontier; Lu Rui, Prince of Pingyuan, was sent to attack them. The matter is given in full in the Rouran treatise. On the gengchen day a great debate on a northern campaign was held; more than a hundred presented plans. On the xinsi day the Northern Mountain Park was abolished and its land given to poor people. The state of Sivanjin sent envoys with tribute. In the ninth month, on the gengxu day, an edict said, "Last summer, because of drought the people were famished, it was necessary to send them to seek food; the old registers were confused and hard to sort clearly, so according to bureau districts the people were divided, households inspected and registers made, intending that departure and stay be real and relief and loans be even. Yet from that time until now there are still those starving to death on the roads with no one to gather and identify them. Truly because the local office was unclear and register origin was not real, granary relief was not thorough, leading to this. We, unworthy to stand above the people, heard and were moved with indignation. Let a careful inspection be sent again; do not allow any to be missed."

冬十月辛未，詔罷起部無益之作，出宮人不執機杼者。甲戌，詔曰：「鄉飲禮廢，則長幼之叙亂。孟冬十月，民閑歲隙，宜於此時導以德義。可下諸州，黨里之內，推賢而長者，教其里人，父慈、子孝、兄友、弟順、夫和、妻柔。不率長教者，具以名聞。」十有一月丁未，詔罷尚方錦繡綾羅之工，四民欲造，任之無禁。其御府衣服、金銀、珠玉、綾羅、錦繡，太官雜器，太僕乘具，內庫弓矢，出其太半，班賚百官及京師士庶，下至工商皂隸，逮於六鎮戍士，各有差。戊申，詔曰：「朕惟上政不明，令民陷身罪戾。今寒氣勁切，杖捶難任。自今月至來年孟夏，不聽拷問罪人。又歲既不登，民多飢窘，輕繫之囚，宜速決了，無令薄罪久留獄犴。」十有二月，詔祕書丞李彪、著作郎崔光改析國記，依紀傳之體。

In the tenth month of winter, on the xinwei day, an edict abolished unprofitable works of the Construction Office and released palace women who did not operate looms. On the jiaxu day an edict said, "When the district drinking rite is abandoned, the order of elder and younger is disrupted. In the tenth month of early winter, when the people have leisure at the year's gap, it is fitting at this time to guide them with virtue and righteousness. Let it be sent down to all provinces: within parties and li, promote the worthy and elders to teach their neighbors—fathers kind, sons filial, elder brothers friendly, younger brothers obedient, husbands harmonious, wives gentle. Those who do not follow the elders' teaching are to have their names reported in full." In the eleventh month, on the dingwei day, an edict abolished the work of the Imperial Workshop in brocade, embroidery, gauze, and silk; if the four classes of people wish to make them, they may do so without prohibition. Imperial wardrobe clothing, gold and silver, pearls and jade, gauze, silk, brocade and embroidery, Grand Steward miscellaneous vessels, Grand Coach equipage, and inner storehouse bows and arrows—more than half were taken out and distributed to the hundred officials and capital gentry and commoners, down to artisans, merchants, and menials, reaching garrison soldiers of the six garrisons, each in differing amounts. On the wushen day an edict said, "We consider that superior government is not clear, causing the people to fall into crime and guilt. Now the cold air is sharp and cutting; beating with the staff is hard to bear. From this month until early summer of next year, questioning under torture of criminals is not permitted. Also, since the year's harvest is not good and many people are famished and distressed, prisoners held for light offenses should be quickly decided and petty crimes must not long remain in prison." In the twelfth month an edict ordered Li Biao, secretariat aide, and Cui Guang, drafting office gentleman, to reorganize the national record according to annal-biography form.

是歲大飢，詔所在開倉賑恤。

That year there was great famine; an edict ordered granaries opened for relief wherever they were.

十有二年春正月辛巳朔，初建五牛旌旗。乙未，詔曰：「鎮戍流徙之人，年滿七十，孤單窮獨，雖有妻妾而無子孫，諸如此等，聽解名還本。諸犯死刑者，父母、祖父母年老，更無成人子孫，旁無期親者，具狀以聞。」二月壬戌，高麗國遣使朝貢。三月丁亥，宕昌國遣使朝獻。中散梁眾保等謀反，伏誅。

In the first month of spring of the twelfth year, on the xinsi day, the new moon, the five-ox banners and flags were first established. On the yiwei day an edict said, "People of garrison settlements who were relocated and are full seventy years old, solitary, poor, and alone—even if they have wives and concubines but no descendants—such as these may be released from register and returned to their origin. For all who committed capital crimes, if parents and grandparents are old and there are no further adult sons or grandsons and no close kin on the side, report the facts in full." In the second month, on the renxu day, the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. In the third month, on the dinghai day, the state of Dangchang sent envoys with tribute. Liang Zhongbao, central regular attendant, and others plotted rebellion and were executed.

夏四月，高麗、吐谷渾國並遣使朝貢。蕭賾將陳顯達等寇邊。甲寅，詔豫州刺史元斤率眾禦之。甲子，大赦天下。乙丑，幸靈泉池；丁卯，遂幸方山。己巳，還宮。陳顯達攻陷醴陽，左僕射、長樂王穆亮率騎一萬討之。五月丁酉，詔六鎮、雲中、河西及關內六郡，各修水田，通渠溉灌。壬寅，增置彝器於太廟。六月甲寅，宕昌國遣使朝貢。

In the fourth month of summer Goryeo and the Tuyuhun state each sent envoys with tribute. Xiao Ze's general Chen Xianda and others raided the frontier. On the jiayin day an edict ordered Yuan Chong, inspector of Yuzhou, to lead troops to resist them. On the jiazi day a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On the yichou day he visited Lingquan Pool; on the dingmao day he proceeded to Mount Fang. On the jisi day he returned to the palace. Chen Xianda captured Liyang; Mu Liang, left vice director of the Masters of Writing and Prince of Changle, led ten thousand cavalry to attack him. In the fifth month, on the dingyou day, an edict ordered the six garrisons, Yunzhong, Hexi, and the six commanderies within the passes each to repair paddy fields and open channels for irrigation. On the renyin day ritual vessels were added in the Grand Temple. In the sixth month, on the jiayin day, the state of Dangchang sent envoys with tribute.

秋七月己丑，幸靈泉池，遂幸方山。己亥，還宮。八月甲子，勿吉國貢楛矢、石砮。九月，吐谷渾、宕昌國遣使朝貢。甲午，詔曰：「日月薄蝕，陰陽之恒度耳，聖人懼人君之放怠，因之以設誡，故稱『日蝕修德，月蝕修刑』。廼癸巳夜，月蝕盡。公卿已下，宜慎刑罰以答天意。」丁酉，起宣文堂、經武殿。癸卯，侍中、司徒、淮南王他薨。吐谷渾、宕昌、武興諸國各遣使朝貢。閏月甲子，帝觀築圓丘於南郊。乙丑，高麗國遣使朝貢。辛未，幸靈泉池。癸酉，還宮。

In the seventh month of autumn, on the jichou day, he visited Lingquan Pool, then visited Mount Fang. On the jihai day he returned to the palace. In the eighth month, on the jiazi day, the state of Mohe presented birch arrows and stone maces. In the ninth month Tuyuhun and the state of Dangchang sent envoys with tribute. On the jiawu day an edict said, "Solar and lunar eclipses are the constant measure of yin and yang; the sage feared the ruler's laxity and therefore set admonitions—hence it is said, "At solar eclipse cultivate virtue; at lunar eclipse cultivate punishment. Yet on the guisi night the moon was fully eclipsed. From the Three Excellencies down, you should be careful with punishments to answer Heaven's intent." On the dingyou day the Xuanwen Hall and Jingwu Palace were begun. On the guimao day Ta, attendant-in-ordinary, minister of works, and Prince of Huainan, died. Tuyuhun, Dangchang, and Wuxing states each sent envoys with tribute. In the intercalary month, on the jiazi day, the emperor watched construction of the round mound at the southern suburb. On the yichou day the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On the xinwei day he visited Lingquan Pool. On the guiyou day he returned to the palace.

十有一月，詔以二雍、豫三州民飢，開倉賑恤。梁州刺史臨淮王提坐貪縱，徙配北鎮。十有二月，蠕蠕伊吾戍主高羔子率眾三千以城內附。以侍中、安豐王猛為開府儀同三司。

In the eleventh month an edict stated that the people of the two Yong and three Yu provinces were famished; granaries were opened for relief. Ti, Prince of Huaiyang and inspector of Liangzhou, was punished for greed and license and was relocated to serve in the northern garrisons. In the twelfth month Gao Gaizi, Rouran garrison commander of Yiwu, led three thousand men with the city to submit inward. Meng, attendant-in-ordinary and Prince of Anfeng, was made commissioner with credentials equal to the Three Excellencies.

十有三年春正月辛亥，車駕有事於圓丘。於是初備大駕。乙丑，兗州民王伯恭聚眾勞山，自稱齊王。東萊鎮將孔伯孫討斬之。戊辰，蕭賾遣眾寇邊，淮陽太守王僧儁擊走之。二月壬午，高麗國遣使朝獻。庚子，引羣臣訪政道得失損益之宜。三月甲子，吐谷渾國遣使朝獻。夏州刺史章武王彬以貪賕削封。

In the first month of spring of the thirteenth year, on the xinhai day, the court performed the rite at the round mound. Thereupon the full imperial equipage was first prepared. On the yichou day Wang Bogong of Yanzhou gathered a crowd on Mount Lao and styled himself King of Qi. Kong Bonsun, garrison commander of Donglai, attacked and beheaded him. On the wuchen day Xiao Ze sent troops to raid the frontier; Wang Sengqian, administrator of Huaiyang, drove them off. In the second month, on the renwu day, the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On the gengzi day he summoned the assembled ministers to inquire into the gains and losses of government and what should be increased or reduced. In the third month, on the jiazi day, the state of Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. Bin, Prince of Zhangwu and inspector of Xiazhou, had his enfeoffment reduced for taking bribes.

夏四月丁丑，詔曰：「昇樓散物，以賚百姓，至使人馬騰踐，多有毀傷，今可斷之，以本所費之物，賜窮老貧獨者。」丁亥，幸靈泉池，遂幸方山。己丑，還宮。吐谷渾國遣使朝貢。州鎮十五大飢，詔所在開倉賑恤。五月庚戌，車駕有事於方澤。六月，汝陰王天賜、南安王楨並坐贓賄免為庶人。高麗國遣使朝貢。

In the fourth month of summer, on the dingchou day, an edict said, "Ascending the tower to scatter goods to reward the hundred surnames—yet men and horses trample and leap, and many are damaged and injured; from now on this may be stopped, and what would have been spent on it is to be given to the poor, old, solitary, and alone." On the dinghai day he visited Lingquan Pool, then visited Mount Fang. On the jichou day he returned to the palace. The state of Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. Fifteen provinces and garrisons had great famine; an edict ordered granaries opened for relief wherever they were. In the fifth month, on the gengxu day, the court performed the rite at the square mound. In the sixth month Tiansi, Prince of Runan, and Zhen, Prince of Nan'an, were both punished for bribery and removed to commoner status. The state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute.

秋七月甲辰，陰平國遣使朝貢。丙寅，幸靈泉池，與羣臣御龍舟，賦詩而罷。立孔子廟於京師。八月乙亥，詔兼員外散騎常侍邢產、兼員外散騎侍郎侯靈紹使於蕭賾。戊子，詔諸州鎮有水田之處，各通溉灌，遣匠者所在指授。中尺國遣使朝貢。九月丁未，吐谷渾、武興、宕昌諸國各遣使朝獻。出宮人以賜北鎮人貧鰥無妻者。

In the seventh month of autumn, on the jiachen day, the state of Yinping sent envoys with tribute. On the bingyin day he visited Lingquan Pool, rode the dragon boat with the assembled ministers, composed poetry, and dispersed. A temple to Confucius was established in the capital. In the eighth month, on the yihai day, an edict named Xing Chan, acting outer palace attendant of scattered cavalry, and Hou Lingshao, acting outer palace attendant of scattered cavalry, envoys to Xiao Ze. On the wuzi day an edict stated that wherever in provinces and garrisons there was paddy land, irrigation should be connected; craftsmen were sent to instruct on the spot. The state of Zhongchi sent envoys with tribute. In the ninth month, on the dingwei day, Tuyuhun, Wuxing, and Dangchang states each sent envoys with tribute. Palace women were released and given to poor widowers without wives among the people of the northern garrisons.

冬十月甲申，高麗國遣使朝貢。十有一月己未，安豐王猛薨。十有二月丙子，侍中、司空、河東王苟頹薨。甲午，蕭賾遣使朝貢。己亥，以尚書令尉元為司徒，左僕射穆亮為司空。

In the tenth month of winter, on the jiashen day, the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. In the eleventh month, on the jiwei day, Meng, Prince of Anfeng, died. In the twelfth month, on the bingzi day, Gou Tui, attendant-in-ordinary, minister of works, and Prince of Hedong, died. On the jiawu day Xiao Ze sent envoys with tribute. On the jihai day Wei Yuan, minister of the Masters of Writing, was made minister over the masses; Mu Liang, left vice director of the Masters of Writing, was made minister of works.

是歲，蠕蠕別帥叱呂勤率眾內附。

That year a separate Rouran commander, Chilu Qin, led his band inward in submission.

十有四年春正月乙丑，行幸方山。二月辛未，行幸靈泉池。壬申，還宮。戊寅，初詔定起居注制。己卯，詔遣侍臣循行州郡，問民疾苦。三月壬申，吐谷渾、宕昌、武興、陰平諸國並遣使朝貢。

In the first month of spring of the fourteenth year, on the yichou day, he traveled to Mount Fang. In the second month, on the xinwei day, he traveled to Lingquan Pool. On the renshen day he returned to the palace. On the wuyin day an edict first fixed the system for the Veritable Records of Attendance and Departure. On the jimao day an edict sent attendant officials to tour provinces and commanderies and inquire into the people's hardships. In the third month, on the renshen day, Tuyuhun, Dangchang, Wuxing, and Yinping states all sent envoys with tribute.

夏四月，地豆于頻犯塞，甲戌，征西大將軍、陽平王頤擊走之。 [1]甲午，詔兼員外散騎常侍邢產、兼員外散騎侍郎蘇季連使於蕭賾。五月己酉，庫莫奚犯塞，安州都將樓龍兒擊走之。沙門司馬惠御自言聖王，[2]謀破平原郡。擒獲伏誅。

In the fourth month of summer the Didouyu repeatedly raided the frontier; on the jiaxu day Yi, general who campaigns west and Prince of Yangping, attacked and drove them off. [1] On the jiawu day an edict named Xing Chan, acting outer palace attendant of scattered cavalry, and Su Jilian, acting outer palace attendant of scattered cavalry, envoys to Xiao Ze. In the fifth month, on the jiyou day, the Kumo Xi raided the frontier; Lou Long'er, commander of Andu, attacked and drove them off. The monk Sima Huiyu declared himself a sage king [2] and plotted to break Pingyuan commandery. He was captured and executed.

秋七月甲辰，詔罷都牧雜制。丙午，行幸方山；丙辰，遂幸靈泉池。高麗國遣使朝貢。八月丙寅朔，車駕還宮。辛卯，宕昌國遣使朝貢。詔議國之行次。九月癸丑，太皇太后馮氏崩。壬戌，高麗國遣使朝貢。詔聽蕃鎮曾經內侍者前後奔赴。

In the seventh month of autumn, on the jiachen day, an edict abolished the mixed regulations of the Metropolitan Pasturage. On the bingwu day he traveled to Mount Fang; on the bingchen day he proceeded to Lingquan Pool. The state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. In the eighth month, on the bingyin day, the new moon, the court returned to the palace. On the xinmao day the state of Dangchang sent envoys with tribute. An edict debated the ordering of the state's ancestral line. In the ninth month, on the guichou day, Grand Empress Dowager Lady Feng died. On the renxu day the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. An edict permitted those of frontier garrisons who had formerly served in the inner court to hurry to the capital before and after.

冬十月戊辰，詔曰：「自丁荼苦，奄踰晦朔。仰遵遺旨，祖奠有期。朕將親侍龍輿，奉訣陵隧。諸常從之具，悉可停之。其武衞之官，防侍如法。」癸酉，葬文明太皇太后於永固陵。甲戌，車駕謁永固陵。羣臣固請公除，帝不許。己卯，車駕謁永固陵。庚辰，帝居廬，引見羣僚於太和殿，太尉、東陽王丕等據權制固請，帝引古禮往復，羣臣乃止。語在禮志。京兆王太興有罪，免官削爵。

In the tenth month of winter, on the wuchen day, an edict said, "Since the bitter loss of ding, more than a month has swiftly passed. Upholding the testamentary charge, the ancestral offering has its date. We shall personally attend the dragon carriage and take leave at the tomb passage. All ordinary attendant equipage is to be stopped. Military guard officials are to guard and attend according to regulation." On the guiyou day Empress Dowager Wenming was buried at Yonggu Tomb. On the jiaxu day the court visited Yonggu Tomb. The assembled ministers firmly requested public removal of mourning; the emperor did not permit it. On the jimao day the court visited Yonggu Tomb. On the gengchen day the emperor dwelt in the mourning hut and received the assembled officials at Taihe Hall; Pi, grand commandant and Prince of Dongyang, and others relied on statutory authority and firmly requested; the emperor cited ancient rites back and forth, and the assembled ministers then stopped. The account is in the Treatise on Rites. Taixing, Prince of Jingzhao, had committed a crime; he was removed from office and his noble rank was reduced.

詔曰：「公卿屢依金冊遺旨，中代權式，請過葬即吉。朕思遵遠古，終三年之制。依禮，既虞卒哭。此月二十一日授服，以葛易麻。既衰服在上，公卿不得獨釋於下，故於朕之授服，變從練禮，已下復為節降，斟酌今古，以制厥衷，且取遺旨速除之一端，粗申臣子罔極之巨痛。」癸未，詔曰：「朕遠遵古式，欲終三年之禮。百辟羣官，據金冊顧命，將奪朕心，從先朝之制。朕仰惟金冊，俯自推省，取諸二衷，不許眾議，以衰服過期，終四節之慕。又奉聖訓，聿修誥旨，不敢闇默自居，以曠機政。庶不愆遺令之意，差展哀慕之情。普下州鎮，長至三元，絕告慶之禮。」甲申，車駕謁永固陵。辛卯，詔曰：「羣官以萬機事重，請求聽政。朕仰祗遺命，亦思無怠。但哀慕纏綿，心神迷塞，未堪自力以親政事。近侍先掌機衡者，皆謀猷所寄，且可任之，如有疑事，當時與論決。」十有一月甲寅，詔曰：「垂及至節，感慕崩摧，凡在臣列，誰不哽切。內外職人先朝班次及諸方雜客，冬至之日，盡聽入臨。三品已上衰服者至夕復臨，其餘，唯旦臨而已。其拜哭之節，一依別儀。」丁巳，蕭賾遣使朝貢。

An edict said, "The dukes and ministers repeatedly relied on the testamentary charge of the golden booklet and the expedient forms of middle antiquity, requesting that after the burial we return to the auspicious day. We think to follow remote antiquity and complete the three-year observance. According to the rites, after the yu offering comes the end of wailing. On the twenty-first day of this month we take off mourning, replacing hemp with kudzu. Since the mourning garment is still worn above, the dukes and ministers cannot alone release mourning below; therefore at our taking off mourning the change follows the practice rite; from then on it is again reduced by degrees, weighing present and past to fix our inner intent, and also taking one strand of the testamentary charge's swift removal, roughly expressing the ministers' and sons' measureless great grief." On the guiwei day an edict said, "We follow remote antiquity in form and wish to complete the three-year rite. The hundred ranks and assembled officials, relying on the golden booklet testamentary charge, would wrest our heart and follow the former court's system. We look up at the golden booklet and bow our head in self-examination, taking from both inner intents and not permitting the multitude's debate; because the mourning garment passes its term, we complete the four seasons' yearning. Also upholding the sage's instruction, we respectfully carry out the proclaimed charge and dare not dwell in hidden silence alone, thereby neglecting urgent government. We hope not to fail the testament's intent and somewhat unfold the feeling of yearning in mourning. Let it be sent down to all provinces and garrisons: at the three origins of the winter solstice, congratulatory announcements are entirely stopped." On the jiashen day the court visited Yonggu Tomb. On the xinmao day an edict said, "The assembled officials, because the myriad affairs of state are weighty, request permission to hear government. We, upholding the testamentary charge, also think not to be remiss. Yet yearning in mourning is tangled and binding; mind and spirit are confused and obstructed—we are not yet able by our own strength to attend to government in person. Those close attendants who formerly held the pivots of power are all entrusted with counsel; for the time being they may be entrusted with duty; if there are doubtful matters, discuss and decide them at the time." In the eleventh month, on the jiayin day, an edict said, "As the season approaches the solstice, yearning in mourning collapses us; among all in the ministerial ranks, who is not choked with grief? Inner and outer officeholders of former court rank and all miscellaneous guests from the regions—on the day of the winter solstice, all are permitted to enter mourning attendance. Those of third rank and above in mourning garments attend again in the evening; the rest attend only at dawn. The nodes of bowing and wailing follow the separate protocol entirely." On the dingsi day Xiao Ze sent envoys with tribute.

十有二月壬午，詔依準丘井之式，遣使與州郡宣行條制，隱口漏丁，即聽附實。若朋附豪勢，陵抑孤弱，罪有常刑。十五年春正月丁卯，帝始聽政於皇信東室。初分置左右史官。吐谷渾國遣使朝貢。二月乙亥，枹罕鎮將長孫百年請討吐谷渾所置洮陽、泥和二戍，許之。己丑，蕭賾遣使朝貢。三月甲辰，車駕謁永固陵。己酉，悉萬斤等五國遣使朝貢。

In the twelfth month, on the renwu day, an edict followed the model of the well and mound system; envoys were sent with provinces and commanderies to proclaim and enact the articles; hidden mouths and omitted adult males may attach to the real register. If they band together with powerful magnates and bully the solitary and weak, there is a fixed punishment by statute. In the first month of spring of the fifteenth year, on the dingmao day, the emperor first heard government in the eastern chamber of Imperial Trust. The left and right historiography offices were first separately established. The state of Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. In the second month, on the yihai day, Changsun Bainian, garrison commander of Baohan, requested to attack the two garrisons of Taoyang and Nihe set up by Tuyuhun; permission was granted. On the jichou day Xiao Ze sent envoys with tribute. In the third month, on the jiachen day, the court visited Yonggu Tomb. On the jiyou day the five states of Sivanjin and others sent envoys with tribute.

夏四月癸亥，帝始進蔬食。乙丑，謁永固陵。自正月不雨，至于癸酉。有司奏祈百神，詔曰：「昔成湯遇旱，齊景逢災，並不由祈山川而致雨，皆至誠發中，澍潤千里。萬方有罪，在予一人。今普天喪恃，幽顯同哀，神若有靈，猶應未忍安饗，何宜四氣未周，便欲祀事。唯當考躬責己，以待天譴。」甲戌，詔員外散騎常侍李彪、尚書郎公孫阿六頭使於蕭賾。己卯，經始明堂，改營太廟。 [3]五月己亥，議改律令，於東明觀折疑獄。 [4]乙卯，百年攻洮陽、泥和二戍，克之，俘獲三千餘人，詔悉免歸。高麗國遣使朝獻。丙辰，詔造五輅。六月丁未，濟陰王鬱以貪殘賜死。

In the fourth month of summer, on the guihai day, the emperor first advanced to plain food. On the yichou day he visited Yonggu Tomb. From the first month there was no rain until the guiyou day. The relevant offices memorialized praying to the hundred spirits; an edict said, "In antiquity King Cheng Tang met drought and Duke Jing of Qi met disaster—neither obtained rain by praying to mountains and rivers; all were sincere feeling issuing from within, and timely rain moistened a thousand li. The myriad realms have guilt; it lies in us alone. Now all under Heaven has lost its support; hidden and manifest share grief; if the spirits have soul, they surely cannot yet bear to rest in peace at the offering—how can we, when the four seasons are not yet complete, then wish to perform sacrifices? We should only examine ourselves and blame ourselves, awaiting Heaven's punishment." On the jiaxu day an edict named Li Biao, outer palace attendant of scattered cavalry, and Gongsun Aliutou, gentleman of the Masters of Writing, envoys to Xiao Ze. On the jimao day construction of the Bright Hall was begun and the Grand Temple was rebuilt. [3] In the fifth month, on the jihai day, statutes and ordinances were debated; doubtful cases were decided at the Eastern Bright Hall. [4] On the yimao day Bainian attacked the two garrisons of Taoyang and Nihe, took them, and captured more than three thousand people; an edict ordered them all released and returned. The state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On the bingchen day an edict ordered construction of the five imperial chariots. In the sixth month, on the dingwei day, Yu, Prince of Jiyin, was sentenced to death for greed and cruelty.

秋七月乙丑，謁永固陵，規建壽陵。戊寅，吐谷渾國遣使朝貢。己卯，詔議祖宗，以道武為太祖。乙酉，車駕巡省京邑，聽訟而還。八月壬辰，議養老，又議肆類上帝、禋于六宗之禮，帝親臨決。詔郡國有時物可以薦宗廟者，貢之。戊戌，移道壇於桑乾之陰，改曰崇虛寺。己亥，詔諸州舉秀才，先盡才學。乙巳，親定禘祫之禮。丁巳，議律令事，仍省雜祀。九月辛巳，蕭賾遣使朝貢。壬午，吐谷渾、高麗、宕昌、鄧至諸國並遣使朝獻。

In the seventh month of autumn, on the yichou day, he visited Yonggu Tomb and planned construction of Shou Tomb. On the wuyin day the state of Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. On the jimao day an edict debated the imperial ancestors; Emperor Daowu was made Grand Founder. On the yiyou day the court toured the capital, heard lawsuits, and returned. In the eighth month, on the renchen day, supporting the aged was debated, and also the rites of offering to the Supreme Lord and the six lineages; the emperor personally decided. An edict stated that wherever in commanderies and states there were seasonal things that could be offered to the ancestral temple, they were to be presented as tribute. On the wuxu day the Dao altar was moved to the north of Sanggan and renamed Chongxu Temple. On the jihai day an edict ordered all provinces to recommend eminent scholars, talent and learning first. On the yisi day he personally fixed the di and xia rites. On the dingsi day statute and ordinance matters were debated; miscellaneous sacrifices were also reduced. In the ninth month, on the xinsi day, Xiao Ze sent envoys with tribute. On the renwu day Tuyuhun, Goryeo, Dangchang, and Dengzhi states all sent envoys with tribute.

冬十月庚寅，車駕謁永固陵。是月，明堂、太廟成。十有一月丁卯，遷七廟神主於新廟。乙亥，大定官品。戊寅，考諸牧守。詔假通直散騎常侍李彪、假散騎侍郎蔣少遊使蕭賾。丙戌，初罷小歲賀。丁亥，詔二千石考在上上者，假四品將軍，賜乘黃馬一匹；上中者，五品將軍；上下者，賜衣一襲。十有二月壬辰，遷社於內城之西。癸巳，頒賜刺史已下衣冠。以安定王休為太傅，齊郡王簡為太保。帝為高麗王璉舉哀於城東行宮。己酉，車駕迎春於東郊。辛亥，詔簡選樂官。

In the tenth month of winter, on the gengyin day, the court visited Yonggu Tomb. That month the Bright Hall and Grand Temple were completed. In the eleventh month, on the dingmao day, the spirit tablets of the seven temples were moved to the new temple. On the yihai day official ranks were greatly fixed. On the wuyin day all governors and magistrates were examined. An edict named Li Biao, acting outer palace attendant of scattered cavalry, and Jiang Shaoyou, acting outer palace attendant of scattered cavalry, envoys to Xiao Ze. On the bingxu day the minor new-year congratulations were first abolished. On the dinghai day an edict stated that those among the two-thousand-shi whose examination was top-top were given acting fourth-rank general and presented one yellow horse; those top-middle, fifth-rank general; those top-bottom, one suit of clothing. In the twelfth month, on the renchen day, the altar of soil and grain was moved to the west inside the inner city. On the guisi day robes and caps were distributed to inspectors and below. Xiu, Prince of Anding, was made grand tutor; Jian, Prince of Qi commandery, was made grand protector. The emperor performed mourning for King Lian of Goryeo at the eastern palace traveling lodge. On the jiyou day the court welcomed spring at the eastern suburb. On the xinhai day an edict ordered selection of music officers.

十有六年春正月戊午朔，饗羣臣於太華殿。帝始為王公興，懸而不樂。己未，宗祀顯祖獻文皇帝於明堂，以配上帝。遂升靈臺，以觀雲物；降居青陽左个，布政事。每朔，依以為常。辛酉，始以太祖配南郊。壬戌，詔定行次，以水承金。甲子，詔罷祖祼。疑乙丑，制諸遠屬非太祖子孫及異姓為王，皆降為公，公為侯，侯為伯，子男仍舊，皆除將軍之號。戊辰，帝臨思義殿，策問秀孝。丙子，始以孟月祭廟。二月戊子，帝移御永樂宮。庚寅，壞太華殿，經始太極。辛卯，罷寒食饗。壬辰，幸北部曹，歷觀諸省，巡省京邑，聽理冤訟。甲午，初朝日于東郊，遂以為常。丁酉，詔祀唐堯於平陽，虞舜於廣寧，夏禹於安邑，周文於洛陽。 [5]丁未，改諡宣尼曰文聖尼父，告諡孔廟。三月丁卯，巡省京邑。癸酉，省西郊郊天雜事。乙亥，車駕初迎氣南郊，自此為常。辛巳，以高麗王璉孫雲為其國王。蕭賾遣使朝貢。是月，高麗、鄧至國並遣使朝貢。

In the first month of spring of the sixteenth year, on the wuwu day, the new moon, the emperor feasted the assembled ministers at Taihua Hall. The emperor first performed the bell ceremony for princes and dukes; the bells were hung but not played. On the jiwei day he performed ancestral sacrifice to Xianzu, Emperor Xianwen, in the Bright Hall, pairing him with the Supreme Lord. Thereupon he ascended the Spirit Terrace to observe cloud signs; descending, he dwelt in the left apartment of Green Yang and distributed government affairs. Each new moon this was made the constant practice. On the xinyou day the Grand Founder was first paired at the southern suburb. On the renxu day an edict fixed the dynastic succession: water succeeds metal. On the jiazi day an edict abolished the ancestral libation. On the doubtful yichou day it was decreed that all distant lines not descendants of the Grand Founder and those of other surnames made kings were all reduced to dukes, dukes to marquises, marquises to earls, viscounts and barons remaining as before—all removed from general's titles. On the wuchen day the emperor attended at Siyi Hall and examined eminent scholars and filial candidates. On the bingzi day sacrifice in the temple with the first month of each season was first instituted. In the second month, on the wuzi day, the emperor moved his residence to Yongle Palace. On the gengyin day Taihua Hall was demolished and construction of Taiji was begun. On the xinmao day the Cold Food festival feast was abolished. On the renchen day he visited the northern ministry compound, toured all the ministries, toured the capital, and heard wrongful lawsuits. On the jiawu day he first paid court to the sun at the eastern suburb; thereafter it was made constant. On the dingyou day an edict ordered sacrifice to Tang Yao at Pingyang, Yu Shun at Guangning, Yu of Xia at Anyi, and King Wen of Zhou at Luoyang. [5] On the dingwei day the posthumous title of Confucius was changed to Ni Father, Sage of Letters, and the title was announced at the Confucian temple. In the third month, on the dingmao day, he toured the capital. On the guiyou day miscellaneous matters of suburban heaven sacrifice at the western suburb were reduced. On the yihai day the court first welcomed qi at the southern suburb; from this it was constant. On the xinsi day Sun Yun, grandson of King Lian of Goryeo, was made king of that state. Xiao Ze sent envoys with tribute. That month Goryeo and the state of Dengzhi each sent envoys with tribute.

四月丁亥朔，班新律令，大赦天下。癸巳，契齧國遣使朝貢。甲寅，幸皇宗學，親問博士經義。五月癸未，詔羣臣於皇信堂更定律條，流徒限制，帝親臨決之。六月己丑，高麗國遣使朝貢。甲辰，詔曰：「務農重穀，王政所先；勸率田疇，君人常事。今四氣休序，時澤滂潤，宜用天分地，悉力東畝。然京師之民，遊食者眾，不加督勸，或芸耨失時。可遣明使檢察勤惰以聞。」

In the fourth month, on the dinghai day, the new moon, the new statutes and ordinances were promulgated and a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On the guisi day the state of Qiqie sent envoys with tribute. On the jiayin day he visited the Imperial Clan School and personally questioned the erudites on the classics' meaning. In the fifth month, on the guimao day, an edict assembled the ministers at Imperial Trust Hall to revise statute articles and limits on exile and penal servitude; the emperor personally decided. In the sixth month, on the jichou day, the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On the jiachen day an edict said, "To attend to agriculture and value grain is what royal government puts first; to encourage and lead field work is the ruler's constant duty. Now the four seasons are in proper order and timely rain is abundant; we should use Heaven's division of land and exert all strength on the eastern acres. Yet among the people of the capital many live by wandering and eating; without added supervision and encouragement, some weed and hoe out of season. Let clear envoys be sent to inspect diligence and laziness and report."

秋七月庚申，吐谷渾世子賀虜頭來朝。壬戌，詔曰：「王者設官分職，垂拱責成，振網舉綱，眾目斯理。朕德謝知人，豈能一見鑒識，徒乖為君委授之義。自今選舉，每以季月，本曹與吏部銓簡。」甲戌，詔兼員外散騎常侍宋弁、兼員外散騎侍郎房亮使於蕭賾。八月庚寅，車駕初夕月於西郊，遂以為常。辛卯，高麗國遣使朝貢。乙未，詔陽平王頤、左僕射陸叡督十二將七萬騎北討蠕蠕。丙午，宕昌王梁彌承來朝。司徒尉元以老遜位。己酉，以尉元為三老，游明根為五更。又養國老、庶老。將行大射之禮，雨，不克成。

In the seventh month of autumn, on the gengshen day, the heir of Tuyuhun Helutou came to court. On the renxu day an edict said, "The king establishes offices and divides duties, drapes his arms and assigns completion, shakes the net and raises the cord—the multitude of eyes then has order. Our virtue falls short of knowing men—how can we discern at a single glance? We merely fail the ruler's meaning of entrusting appointment. From now on at each selection, every third month, the original office together with the Ministry of Personnel shall examine and choose." On the jiaxu day an edict named Song Bian, acting outer palace attendant of scattered cavalry, and Fang Liang, acting outer palace attendant of scattered cavalry, envoys to Xiao Ze. In the eighth month, on the gengyin day, the court first performed evening moon rites at the western suburb; thereafter it was constant. On the xinmao day the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On the yiwei day an edict ordered Yi, Prince of Yangping, and Lu Rui, left vice director of the Masters of Writing, to supervise twelve generals and seventy thousand cavalry on a northern campaign against the Rouran. On the bingwu day Liang Micheng, king Chengcheng of Dangchang, came to court. Wei Yuan, minister of works, yielded his post on account of age. On the jiyou day Wei Yuan was made senior elder; You Minggen was made junior elder. Also the state elder and common elder were supported. The great archery rite was about to be performed; rain fell and it could not be completed.

癸丑，詔曰：「文武之道，自古並行，威福之施，必也相藉。故三、五至仁，尚有征伐之事；夏殷明叡，未捨兵甲之行。然則天下雖平，忘戰者殆，不教民戰，可謂棄之。是以周立司馬之官，漢置將軍之職，皆所以輔文強武，威肅四方者矣。國家雖崇文以懷九服，修武以寧八荒，然於習武之方，猶為未盡。今則訓文有典，教武闕然。將於馬射之前，先行講武之式，可敕有司豫修塲埒。其列陣之儀，五戎之數，別俟後敕。」九月甲寅朔，大序昭穆於明堂，祀文明太皇太后於玄室。辛未，帝以文明太皇太后再周忌日，哭於陵左，絕膳二日，哭不輟聲。辛巳，武興王楊集始來朝。

On the guichou day an edict said, "The way of wen and wu has from antiquity proceeded together; the application of authority and blessing must also rely on each other. Thus the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors at utmost benevolence still had campaigns of conquest; Xia and Yin at bright sagacity did not abandon the march of arms and armor. Thus though all under Heaven is at peace, to forget war is perilous; not to teach the people war may be called abandoning them. Therefore Zhou established the office of Minister of War; Han set the post of general—all to assist wen and strengthen wu, awe and order the four quarters. Our state though it honors wen to embrace the nine domains and repairs wu to settle the eight wilds, yet in the method of practicing wu there is still what is not complete. Now instruction in wen has its canon; instruction in wu lacks form. Before the horse archery, let the drill-wu form be performed first; let the relevant offices prepare the field and embankments in advance. The array rites and the numbers of the five armies await a later edict separately." In the ninth month, on the jiayin day, the new moon, the zhao and mu were fully ordered in the Bright Hall; Empress Dowager Wenming was sacrificed in the Dark Chamber. On the xinwei day, because it was the Zhou anniversary of Grand Empress Dowager Wenming, the emperor wept at the left of the tomb, abstained from food for two days, and wept without ceasing. On the xinsi day Yang Jishi, king Jishi of Wuxing, came to court.

冬十月乙酉，鄧至國遣使朝獻。己亥，以太傅、安定王休為大司馬，特進馮誕為司徒。甲辰，詔以功臣配饗太廟。丙午，高麗國遣使朝獻。庚戌，太極殿成，大饗羣臣。十有一月乙卯，依古六寢，權制三室，以安昌殿為內寢，皇信堂為中寢，四下疑為外寢。 [6]十有二月，賜京邑老人鳩杖。是月，蕭賾遣使朝貢。

In the tenth month of winter, on the yiyou day, the state of Dengzhi sent envoys with tribute. On the jihai day Xiu, grand tutor and Prince of Anding, was made grand marshal; Feng Dan, special advanced, was made minister of works. On the jiachen day an edict ordered meritorious ministers paired in offerings at the Grand Temple. On the bingwu day the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On the gengxu day Taiji Hall was completed; the assembled ministers were given a great feast. In the eleventh month, on the yimao day, following antiquity's six inner chambers, three chambers were provisionally instituted—Anchang Hall as inner chamber, Imperial Trust Hall as middle chamber, and the four lower, doubtful, as outer chamber. [6] In the twelfth month the aged of the capital were given dove staffs. That month Xiao Ze sent envoys with tribute.

十有七年春正月壬子朔，帝饗百僚於太極殿。乙丑，詔曰：「夫駿奔入覲，臣下之常式；錫馬賜車，君人之恒惠。今諸邊君蕃胤，皆虔集象魏，趨鏘紫庭。貢饗既畢，言旋無遠。各可依秩賜車旗衣馬，務令優厚。其武興、宕昌，各賜錦繒纊一千；吐谷渾世子八百；鄧至世子，雖因緣至都，亦宜賚及，可賜三百。命數之差，皆依別牒。」詔兼員外散騎侍郎劉承叔使於蕭賾。 [7]乙亥，勿吉國遣使朝獻。丙子，以吐谷渾伏連籌為其國王。庚辰，蠲大司馬、安定王休，太保、齊郡王簡朔望之朝。二月乙酉，詔賜議律令之官各有差。己丑，車駕始籍田於都南。三月戊辰，改作後宮，帝幸永興園，徙御宣文堂。吐谷渾國遣使朝獻。

In the first month of spring of the seventeenth year, on the renzi day, the new moon, the emperor feasted the hundred officials at Taiji Hall. On the yichou day an edict said, "To gallop in haste to court audience is the minister's constant form; to bestow horses and grant chariots is the ruler's constant favor. Now the frontier lords and barbarian heirs all reverently gather at the Elephant Tower, hurrying to the Purple Court. When tribute and feasting are complete, they speak of returning without delay. Each may according to rank be given chariots, banners, clothing, and horses—let the grant be thick and generous. Wuxing and Dangchang are each given one thousand bolts of brocade and silk floss; the heir of Tuyuhun, eight hundred; the heir of Dengzhi, though he came to the capital by circumstance, should also be rewarded—three hundred may be granted. Differences in order of command all follow separate documents. An edict named Liu Chengshu, acting outer palace attendant of scattered cavalry, envoy to Xiao Ze. [7] On the yihai day the state of Mohe sent envoys with tribute. On the bingzi day Fuliancou of Tuyuhun was made king of that state. On the gengchen day Xiu, grand marshal and Prince of Anding, and Jian, grand protector and Prince of Qi commandery, were exempted from new-moon and full-moon court. In the second month, on the yiyou day, an edict granted differing rewards to officials who debated statutes and ordinances. On jichou day the imperial carriage for the first time plowed the sacred field south of the capital. In the third month, on wuchen day, the rear palaces were rebuilt; the emperor visited Yongxing Garden and moved his residence to Xu'an Hall. The state of Tuyuhun sent envoys presenting tribute.

夏四月戊戌，立皇后馮氏。是月，蕭賾征虜將軍、直閤將軍、蠻酋田益宗率部落四千餘戶內屬。五月乙卯，宕昌、陰平、契丹、庫莫奚諸國並遣使朝獻。壬戌，宴四廟子孫於宣文堂，帝親與之齒，行家人之禮。甲子，帝臨朝堂，引見公卿已下，決疑政，錄囚徒。丁丑，以旱撤膳。襄陽蠻酋雷婆思等率一千三百餘戶內徙，居於太和川。六月丙戌，帝將南伐，詔造河橋。己丑，詔免徐、南豫、陝、岐、東徐、洛、豫七州軍糧。丁未，講武。乙巳，詔曰：「六職備于周經，九列炳於漢晉，務必有恒，人守其職。比百秩雖陳，事典未敍。自八元樹位，躬加省覽，遠依往籍，近採時宜，作職員令二十一卷。事迫戎期，未善周悉。雖不足綱範萬度，永垂不朽，且可釋滯目前，釐整時務。須待軍回，更論所闕，權可付外施行。其有當局所疑而令文不載者，隨事以聞，當更附之。」立皇子恂為皇太子。戊申，高麗國遣使朝獻。

In the fourth month of summer, on xuxu day, Lady Feng was installed as empress. That month Tian Yizong, a Man chieftain serving Xiao Ze as general who subdues barbarians and director of the straight guard, led more than four thousand households of his tribe to submit inward. In the fifth month, on yimao day, Dangchang, Yinping, Khitan, Kumo Xi, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute. On renxu day the emperor feasted descendants of the four temples in Xu'an Hall, personally matched them in age, and performed family rites. On jiazi day the emperor attended the Audience Hall, summoned officials from the Three Dukes down, decided doubtful policies, and reviewed prisoners. On dingchou day, because of drought, the emperor withdrew his meals. Lei Posi and other Man chieftains of Xiangyang led more than thirteen hundred households to move inward and settle on the Taihe River. In the sixth month, on bingxu day, as the emperor prepared a southern campaign, an edict ordered bridges built across the river. On jichou day an edict exempted military grain levies in Xu, Southern Yu, Shaan, Qi, Eastern Xu, Luo, and Yu—the seven provinces. On dingwei day martial exercises were held. On yisi day an edict said, "The six duties are complete in the Zhou classics and the nine ranks shine in Han and Jin; each office must have constancy and men must keep their posts. Recently, though the hundred ranks have been set forth, the statutes of affairs have not been ordered. Since the Eight Yuan took their posts, the emperor had personally reviewed them; drawing on distant registers and near precedents of the time, he made the Statutes of Offices and Ranks in twenty-one scrolls. Affairs pressed by the military season, and the work was not yet thoroughly complete. Though it could not yet regulate ten thousand measures and endure forever, it could clear present obstructions and put current affairs in order. He would wait until the armies returned to discuss what was lacking; for the time being it might be issued for use outside the palace. Where those in charge had doubts and the statutes did not record them, they were to report the matter as it arose; it would be added later. Prince Xu was installed as crown prince. On wushen day Goryeo sent envoys presenting tribute.

秋七月癸丑，以皇太子立，詔賜民為人後者爵一級，為公士；曾為吏屬者爵二級，為上造；鰥寡孤獨不能自存者，人粟五斛。戊午，中外戒嚴。是月，蕭賾死，孫昭業僭立。八月乙酉，三老、山陽郡公尉元薨。丙戌，車駕類於上帝，遂臨尉元喪。丁亥，帝辭永固陵。己丑，車駕發京師，南伐，步騎百餘萬。太尉丕奏請以宮人從，詔曰：「臨戎不語內事，宜停來請。」壬寅，車駕至肆州，民年七十已上，賜爵一級。路見眇跛者，停駕親問，賜衣食終身。戊申，幸并州。親見高年，問所疾苦。九月壬子，詔兼員外散騎常侍高聰、兼員外散騎侍郎賈禎使於蕭昭業。丁巳，詔以車駕所經，傷民秋稼者，畝給穀五斛。戊辰，濟河。詔洛、懷、并、肆所過四州之民：百年以上假縣令，九十以上賜爵三級，八十以上賜爵二級，七十以上賜爵一級；鰥寡孤獨不能自存者，粟人五斛，帛二匹；孝悌廉義、文武應求者，皆以名聞。又詔廝養之戶不得與士民婚；有文武之才、積勞應進者同庶族例，聽之。庚午，幸洛陽，周巡故宮基趾。帝顧謂侍臣曰：「晉德不修，早傾宗祀，荒毀至此，用傷朕懷。」遂詠黍離之詩，為之流涕。壬申，觀洛橋，幸太學，觀石經。乙亥，鄧至王像舒彭遣子舊詣闕朝貢，并奉表，求以位授舊，詔許之。丙子，詔六軍發軫。丁丑，戎服執鞭，御馬而出，羣臣稽顙於馬前，請停南伐，帝乃止。仍定遷都之計。

In the seventh month of autumn, on guichou day, because the crown prince was installed, an edict granted those who had adopted heirs one rank of nobility, as gongshi; those who had once been clerks two ranks, as shangzao; widowers, orphans, and the solitary who could not support themselves received five hu of grain per person. On wuwu day martial law was proclaimed within and without. That month Xiao Ze died; his grandson Zhaoye usurped the throne. On yiyou day Wei Yuan, Three Elders and Duke of Shanyang commandery, died. On bingxu day the imperial carriage performed a border sacrifice to the Supreme Lord, then went to Wei Yuan's mourning. On dinghai day the emperor took leave at Yonggu Tomb. On jichou day the imperial carriage departed the capital on a southern campaign—more than a million infantry and cavalry. Grand Commandant Pi memorialized asking that palace women accompany the army. An edict said, "On campaign one does not discuss inner affairs—stop this request. On renyin day the imperial carriage reached Si Province; people aged seventy and above were granted one rank of nobility. Wherever the route met the blind or lame, the carriage halted and the emperor asked in person, granting clothing and food for life. On wushen day he visited Bing Province. He personally saw the aged and asked their hardships. On renzi day an edict made Gao Cong, acting extramural palace attendant of scattered cavalry, and Jia Zhen, acting extramural palace attendant of scattered cavalry, envoys to Xiao Zhaoye. On dingsi day an edict ordered that wherever the imperial carriage passed and autumn grain was injured, five hu per mu were given. On wuchen day the river was crossed. An edict to the people of Luo, Huai, Bing, and Si—the four provinces the route passed through: those a hundred years and older were given acting county magistrate; those ninety and older three ranks of nobility; eighty and older two ranks; seventy and older one rank; widowers, orphans, and the solitary who could not support themselves received five hu of grain and two bolts of silk per person; those of filial piety, brotherly duty, integrity, and righteousness, and those with civil or military talent sought by the state, were all to be reported by name. Further, an edict forbade households of menials to marry commoners; those with civil or military talent and accumulated merit due for advancement were, by the same rule as common clans, permitted to do so. On gengwu day he visited Luoyang and toured the foundations of the old palaces. The emperor looked back at his attendants and said, "Jin virtue was not cultivated, and the ancestral sacrifices fell early; ruined to this point—it wounds my heart. He then recited the Millet Sorrow poem and wept. On renshen day he viewed the Luo Bridge, visited the Imperial Academy, and viewed the stone classics. On yihai day Xiang Shupeng, King of Dengzhi, sent his son Jiu to court with tribute and a memorial asking to transfer his position to Jiu; the edict approved. On bingzi day an edict ordered the Six Armies to set out. On dingchou day, in martial garb holding the whip, he mounted his horse and went forth; officials bowed before the horse and begged him to halt the southern campaign, and the emperor then stopped. He then settled the plan to move the capital.

冬十月戊寅朔，幸金墉城。詔徵司空穆亮與尚書李沖、將作大匠董爵經始洛京。己卯，幸河南城。乙酉，幸豫州。癸巳，次於石濟。乙未，解嚴，設壇於滑臺城東，告行廟以遷都之意。大赦天下。起滑臺宮。又詔京師及諸州從戎者賜爵一級，應募者加二級，主將加三級。癸卯，幸鄴城。乙巳，詔安定王休率從官迎家於代京，車駕送於漳水上。初，帝之南伐也，起宮殿於鄴西；十有一月癸亥，宮成，徙御焉。十有二月戊寅，巡省六軍。庚寅，陰平國遣使朝貢。乙未，詔隱恤軍士，死亡疾病務令優給。

In the tenth month of winter, on wuyin day, the new moon, he visited Jintong city. An edict summoned Mu Liang, minister of works, Li Chong, master of writing, and Dong Jue, chief architect, to begin Luoyang. On jimao day he visited Henan city. On yiyou day he visited Yu Province. On guisi day he halted at Shiji. On yiwei day martial law was lifted; an altar was set east of Huatai city and the traveling temple was told of the intent to move the capital. A general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. Huatai palace was raised. Further, an edict granted one rank of nobility in the capital and all provinces to those who followed the army; recruits received two ranks; commanders three ranks. On guimao day he visited Ye city. On yisi day an edict ordered Xiu, Prince of Anding, to lead attendant officials to welcome the households from the Dai capital; the imperial carriage saw them off on the Zhang River. Earlier, when the emperor campaigned south, palaces were raised west of Ye; In the eleventh month, on guihai day, the palace was completed and he moved his residence there. In the twelfth month, on wuyin day, he inspected the Six Armies. On gengyin day the state of Yinping sent envoys with tribute. On yiwei day an edict ordered generous provision for soldiers who died, fell ill, or were wounded.

十有八年春正月丁未朔，朝羣臣於鄴宮澄鸞殿。丁巳，高麗國遣使朝獻。癸亥，車駕南巡。詔相、兗、豫三州：百年以上假縣令，九十以上賜爵二級，七十以上賜爵一級；孤老鰥寡不能自存者，賜粟五石、帛二匹；孝悌廉義、文武應求者，皆以名聞。戊辰，經殷比干之墓，祭以太牢。乙亥，幸洛陽西宮。二月乙丑，行幸河陰，規建方澤之所。丙申，河南王幹徙封趙郡，潁川王雍徙封高陽。壬寅，車駕北巡。癸卯，濟河。蕭昭業遣使朝貢。甲辰，詔天下，喻以遷都之意。閏月癸亥，次句注陘南，皇太子朝于蒲池。壬申，至平城宮。癸酉，臨朝堂，部分遷留。甲戌，謁永固陵。三月庚辰，罷西郊祭天。壬辰，帝臨太極殿，諭在代羣臣以遷移之略。

In the eighteenth year, spring, first month, on dingwei day, the new moon, he held court for officials at Chengluan Hall in Ye palace. On dingsi day Goryeo sent envoys presenting tribute. On guihai day the imperial carriage toured south. An edict to Xiang, Yan, and Yu—the three provinces: those a hundred years and older were given acting county magistrate; ninety and older two ranks of nobility; seventy and older one rank; the solitary elderly, widowers, and orphans who could not support themselves were given five shi of grain and two bolts of silk; those of filial piety, brotherly duty, integrity, and righteousness, and those with civil or military talent sought by the state, were all to be reported by name. On wuchen day he passed the tomb of Bi Gan of Shang and sacrificed with the great offering. On yihai day he visited the Western Palace at Luoyang. In the second month, on yichou day, he traveled to Heyin and planned the site for the square mound altar. On bingshen day Gan, Prince of Henan, was transferred to enfeoffment as Prince of Zhao commandery; Yong, Prince of Yingchuan, was transferred to enfeoffment as Prince of Gaoyang. On renyin day the imperial carriage toured north. On guimao day the river was crossed. Xiao Zhaoye sent envoys with tribute. On jiachen day an edict announced to the realm the intent to move the capital. In the intercalary month, on guihai day, he halted south of Gouzhu Pass; the crown prince attended at Puchi. On renshen day he reached Pingcheng palace. On guiyou day he attended the Audience Hall and assigned who would move and who would remain. On jiaxu day he visited Yonggu Tomb. In the third month, on gengchen day, the western suburb sacrifice to Heaven was abolished. On renchen day the emperor attended the Grand Ultimate Hall and instructed officials remaining in Dai on the outline of the migration.

夏五月乙亥，詔罷五月五日、七月七日饗。六月己巳，詔兼員外散騎常侍盧昶、兼員外散騎侍郎王清石使於蕭昭業。

In the fifth month of summer, on yihai day, an edict abolished the fifth-day-of-the-fifth-month and seventh-day-of-the-seventh-month feasts. In the sixth month, on jisi day, an edict made Lu Chang, acting extramural palace attendant of scattered cavalry, and Wang Qingshi, acting extramural vice attendant of scattered cavalry, envoys to Xiao Zhaoye.

秋七月乙亥，以宋王劉昶為大將軍。壬午，侍中、大司馬、安定王休薨。辛卯，高麗國遣使朝貢。壬辰，車駕北巡。戊戌，謁金陵。辛丑，幸朔州。是月，島夷蕭鸞殺其主蕭昭業，立昭業弟昭文。八月癸卯，皇太子朝於行宮。甲辰，行幸陰山，觀雲川。丁未，幸閱武臺，臨觀講武。癸丑，幸懷朔鎮。己未，幸武川鎮。辛酉，幸撫冥鎮。甲子，幸柔玄鎮。乙丑，南還。所過皆親見高年，問民疾苦，貧窘孤老賜以粟帛。丙寅，詔六鎮及禦夷城人，年八十以上而無子孫兄弟，終身給其廩粟；七十以上家貧者，各賜粟十斛。又詔諸北城人，年滿七十以上及廢疾之徒，校其元犯，以準新律，事當從坐者，聽一身還鄉，又令一子扶養，終命之後，乃遣歸邊；自餘之處，如此之犯，年八十以上，皆聽還。戊辰，車駕次旋鴻池。庚午，謁永固陵。辛未，還平城宮。九月壬申朔，詔曰：「三載考績，自古通經；三考黜陟，以彰能否。今若待三考然後黜陟，可黜者不足為遲，可進者大成賒緩。是以朕今三載一考，考即黜陟，欲令愚滯無妨於賢者，才能不壅於下位。各令當曹考其優劣，為三等。六品以下，尚書重問；五品以上，朕將親與公卿論其善惡。上上者遷之，下下者黜之，中中者守其本任。」壬午，帝臨朝堂，親加黜陟。壬辰，陰平王楊炅來朝。

In the seventh month of autumn, on yihai day, Liu Chang of Song was made grand general. On renwu day Xiu, attendant-in-ordinary, grand marshal, and Prince of Anding, died. On xinmao day Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On renchen day the imperial carriage toured north. On wuxu day he visited Jinling. On xinchou day he visited Shuozhou. That month the island Yi Xiao Luan killed his lord Xiao Zhaoye and installed Zhaoye's younger brother Zhaowen. In the eighth month, on guimao day, the crown prince attended at the traveling palace. On jiachen day he traveled to Yinshan and viewed Yunchuan. On dingwei day he visited the Military Review Terrace and watched martial exercises. On guichou day he visited Huaishuo garrison. On jiwei day he visited Wuchuan garrison. On xinyou day he visited Fuming garrison. On jiazi day he visited Rouxuan garrison. On yichou day he returned south. Wherever he passed he personally saw the aged, asked the people's hardships, and gave grain and silk to the poor, destitute, solitary, and old. On bingyin day an edict to the people of the Six Garrisons and Yuyi city: those eighty years and older without sons, grandsons, or brothers were to receive grain rations for life; those seventy and older in poor households were each given ten hu of grain. Further, an edict to northerners of the garrison cities: those seventy and older and the disabled were to have their original offenses compared with the new statutes; where collective punishment applied, one person might return home with one son assigned to support him—only after death was he sent back to the frontier; in other places, for such offenses, those eighty and older were all permitted to return. On wuchen day the imperial carriage halted at Xuanhong Pool. On gengwu day he visited Yonggu Tomb. On xinwei day he returned to Pingcheng palace. In the ninth month, on renshen day, the new moon, an edict said, "Triennial performance review is the ancient constant; three reviews for promotion and demotion—to show ability or lack of it. If one now waits for three reviews before promotion and demotion, those who should be demoted are not delayed enough, and those who should advance are greatly slowed. Therefore the emperor now reviews once every three years, and on review immediately promotes or demotes, wishing that the dull not obstruct the able and talent not be blocked in low posts. Each bureau was to review merit and rank officials in three grades. For rank six and below, the Masters of Writing would re-examine; for rank five and above, the emperor would personally discuss their good and ill with the Three Dukes. The highest grade was to be transferred up; the lowest demoted; the middle grade kept the original post. On renwu day the emperor attended the Audience Hall and personally promoted and demoted. On renchen day Yang Jiong, Prince of Yinping, came to court.

冬十月甲辰，以太尉、東陽王丕為太傅。 [8]戊申，親告太廟，奉遷神主。辛亥，車駕發平城宮。壬戌，次於中山之唐湖。乙丑，分遣侍臣巡問民所疾苦。己巳，幸信都。庚午，詔曰：「比聞緣邊之蠻，多有竊掠，致有父子乖離，室家分絕，既虧和氣，有傷仁厚。方一區宇，子育萬姓，若苟如此，南人豈知朝德哉？可詔荊、郢、東荊三州勒敕蠻民，勿有侵暴。」是月，蕭鸞廢殺其主蕭昭文而僭立。十有一月辛未朔，詔冀、定二州民：百年以上假以縣令，九十以上賜爵三級，八十以上賜爵二級，七十以上賜爵一級；鰥寡孤獨不能自存者，賜以穀帛；孝義廉貞、文武應求者具以名聞。丁丑，車駕幸鄴。甲申，經比干之墓，傷其忠而獲戾，親為弔文，樹碑而刊之。己丑，車駕至洛陽。蕭鸞雍州刺史曹虎據襄陽請降。十有二月辛丑朔，遣行征南將軍薛真度督四將出襄陽，大將軍劉昶出義陽，徐州刺史元衍出鍾離，平南將軍劉藻出南鄭。壬寅，革衣服之制。癸卯，詔中外戒嚴。戊申，優復代遷之戶租賦三歲。己酉，詔王、公、侯、伯、子、男開國食邑者：王食半，公三分食一，侯伯四分食一，子男五分食一。辛亥，車駕南伐。丁卯，詔郢豫二州之民：百齡以上假縣令，九十以上賜爵三級，八十以上賜爵二級，七十以上賜爵一級；孤寡鰥老不能自存者，賜以穀帛；緣路之民復田租一歲；孝悌廉義、文武應求具以名聞。戊辰，車駕至懸瓠。己巳，詔壽陽、鍾離、馬頭之師所獲男女之口皆放還南。

In the tenth month of winter, on jiachen day, Pi, grand commandant and Prince of Dongyang, was made grand tutor. [8] On wushen day he personally announced at the Grand Temple and escorted the moved spirit tablets. On xinhai day the imperial carriage departed Pingcheng palace. On renxu day he halted at Tang Lake in Zhongshan. On yichou day attendant ministers were sent separately to inquire into the people's hardships. On jisi day he visited Xindu. On gengwu day an edict said, "We have lately heard that along the frontier the Man often raid and plunder, so that fathers and sons are torn apart and households divided—harmonious qi is lost and humaneness is wounded. When We nurture all within the Four Seas and rear the myriad people, if it is thus, how will southerners know the court's virtue? Jing, Ying, and Eastern Jing were to be ordered to admonish the Man people not to commit violence." That month Xiao Luan deposed and killed his lord Xiao Zhaowen and usurped the throne. In the eleventh month, on xinwei day, the new moon, an edict to the people of Ji and Ding provinces: those a hundred years and older were given acting county magistrate; ninety and older three ranks of nobility; eighty and older two ranks; seventy and older one rank; widowers, orphans, and the solitary who could not support themselves were given grain and silk; those of filial duty, integrity, and steadfastness, and those with civil or military talent sought, were all to be reported by name. On dingchou day the imperial carriage visited Ye. On jiashen day he passed the tomb of Bi Gan of Shang, grieved that loyalty had met punishment, personally composed a mourning text, and erected a stele with it carved. On jichou day the imperial carriage reached Luoyang. Cao Hu, Xiao Luan's inspector of Yong Province, held Xiangyang and asked to surrender. In the twelfth month, on xinchou day, the new moon, Xue Zhendu, acting general who campaigns south, was dispatched to supervise four generals out of Xiangyang; Liu Chang, grand general, out of Yiyang; Yuan Yan, inspector of Xu province, out of Zhongli; Liu Zao, general who pacifies the south, out of Nanzheng. On renyin day the regulations for garments were reformed. On guimao day an edict proclaimed martial law within and without. On wushen day favorable treatment was granted to households that had moved from Dai—rent and tax remitted for three years. On jiyou day an edict for kings, dukes, marquises, earls, viscounts, and barons with state fiefs: kings received half; dukes one-third; marquises and earls one-fourth; viscounts and barons one-fifth. On xinhai day the imperial carriage campaigned south. On dingmao day an edict to the people of Ying and Yu provinces: those of full age a hundred years and older were given acting county magistrate; ninety and older three ranks of nobility; eighty and older two ranks; seventy and older one rank; the solitary, orphaned, widowed, and aged who could not support themselves were given grain and silk; people along the route had field rent remitted for one year; those of filial piety, brotherly duty, integrity, and righteousness, and those with civil or military talent sought, were all to be reported by name. On wuchen day the imperial carriage reached Xuanchi. On jisi day an edict ordered that male and female captives taken by armies at Shouyang, Zhongli, and Matou were all released and sent back south.

十有九年春正月辛未朔，朝饗羣臣於懸瓠。癸酉，詔禁淮北之民不得侵掠，犯者以大辟論。甲戌，檄喻蕭鸞。丙子，鸞龍陽縣開國侯王朗自渦陽來降。壬午，講武於汝水之西，大賚六軍。丙申，平南將軍王肅頻破蕭鸞將，擒其寧州刺史董巒。己亥，車駕濟淮。二月甲辰，幸八公山。路中雨甚，詔去蓋；見軍士病者，親隱恤之。戊申，車駕巡淮而東，民皆安堵，租運屬路。壬子，高麗國遣使朝獻。丙辰，車駕至鍾離。戊午，軍士擒蕭鸞三千卒，帝曰：「在君為君，其民何罪。」於是免歸。辛酉，車駕發鍾離，將臨江水。司徒馮誕薨。壬戌，乃詔班師。丁卯，遣使臨江數蕭鸞殺主自立之罪惡。三月戊寅，幸邵陽。戊子，太師馮熙薨。乙未，幸下邳。鄧至國遣使朝貢。

In the nineteenth year, spring, first month, on xinwei day, the new moon, he held court and feasted officials at Xuanchi. On guiyou day an edict forbade people north of the Huai to raid and plunder; offenders were judged by the great penalty. On jiaxu day a proclamation rebuked Xiao Luan. On bingzi day Wang Lang, marquis of Longyang county under Luan, came to surrender from Woyang. On renwu day martial exercises were held west of the Ru River; the Six Armies were greatly rewarded. On bingshen day Wang Su, general who pacifies the south, repeatedly defeated Xiao Luan's generals and captured Dong Luan, his inspector of Ning province. On jihai day the imperial carriage crossed the Huai. In the second month, on jiachen day, he visited Bagong Mountain. On the road rain was heavy; an edict removed the carriage canopy; wherever sick soldiers were seen, he personally showed compassion. On wushen day the imperial carriage toured east along the Huai; the people were all secure in their homes, and rent grain lined the road. On renzi day Goryeo sent envoys presenting tribute. On bingchen day the imperial carriage reached Zhongli. On wuwu day soldiers captured three thousand of Xiao Luan's troops. The emperor said, "To the ruler they are subjects—what crime have the people?" They were then released to return home. On xinyou day the imperial carriage departed Zhongli and was about to approach the Yangzi. Minister of Works Feng Dan died. On renxu day an edict then ordered withdrawal of the army. On dingmao day envoys were sent to the riverbank to enumerate Xiao Luan's crimes in killing his lord and usurping the throne. In the third month, on wuyin day, he visited Shaoyang. On wuzi day Feng Xi, grand tutor, died. On yiwei day he visited Xiapi. The state of Dengzhi sent envoys with tribute.

夏四月庚子，車駕幸彭城。辛丑，帝為太師馮熙舉哀於行在所。丁未，曲赦徐豫二州，其運漕之士，復租賦三年。辛亥，詔賜百歲以上假縣令，九十以上賜爵三級，八十以上賜爵二級，七十以上賜爵一級；孤寡老疾不能自存者，賜以穀帛；德著丘園者具以名聞；蕭鸞民降者，給復十五年。癸丑，幸小沛，遣使以太牢祭漢高祖廟。己未，行幸瑕丘，遣使以太牢祠岱岳。詔宿衞武官增位一級。庚申，行幸魯城，親祠孔子廟。辛酉，詔拜孔氏四人、顏氏二人為官。詔兗州刺史舉部內士人才堪軍國及守宰治行，具以名聞。又詔賜兗州民爵及粟帛如徐州。又詔選諸孔宗子一人，封崇聖侯，邑一百戶，以奉孔子之祀。又詔兗州為孔子起園栢，修飾墳壠，更建碑銘，褒揚聖德。戊辰，行幸碻磝。太和廟成。五月己巳，城陽王鸞赭陽失利，降為定襄縣王。廣川王諧薨。庚午，遷文成皇后馮氏神主于太和廟。甲戌，行幸滑臺。丙子，次于石濟。庚辰，皇太子朝平桃城。高麗、吐谷渾國並遣使朝貢。癸未，車駕至自南伐，告于太廟。甲申，減閑官祿以裨軍國之用。乙酉，行飲至之禮，班賜有差。甲午，皇太子冠於廟。六月己亥，詔不得以北俗之語言於朝廷，若有違者，免所居官。辛丑，詔復軍士從駕渡淮者租賦三年。癸卯，詔皇太子赴平城宮。壬子，詔濟州、東郡、滎陽及河南諸縣車駕所經者，百年以上賜假縣令，九十以上賜爵三級，八十以上賜爵二級，七十以上賜爵一級；孤老鰥寡不能自存，賜以穀帛；孝悌廉義、文武應求者具以名聞。癸丑，詔求天下遺書，祕閣所無、有裨益時用者加以優賞。乙卯，曲赦梁州，復民田租三歲。丙辰，詔遷洛之民，死葬河南，不得還北。於是代人南遷者，悉為河南洛陽人。戊午，詔改長尺大斗，依周禮制度，班之天下。

In the fourth month of summer, on gengzi day, the imperial carriage visited Pengcheng. On xinchou day the emperor held mourning for Feng Xi, grand tutor, at the traveling residence. On dingwei day a partial amnesty was proclaimed in Xu and Yu provinces; transport laborers had rent and tax remitted for three years. On xinhai day an edict granted acting county magistrate to those a hundred years and older, three ranks of nobility to ninety and older, two ranks to eighty and older, one rank to seventy and older; the solitary, orphaned, aged, and sick who could not support themselves were given grain and silk; those whose virtue was marked in hill and garden were all to be reported by name; people of Xiao Luan who submitted were given fifteen years' remission. On guichou day he visited Xiao Pei and sent envoys to sacrifice to the temple of Han Gaozu with the great offering. On jiwei day he traveled to Xiaqiu and sent envoys to sacrifice to Mount Tai with the great offering. An edict raised rank one grade for martial guard officers. On gengshen day he traveled to Lu city and personally sacrificed at the temple of Confucius. On xinyou day an edict appointed four men of the Kong clan and two of the Yan clan to office. An edict ordered the inspector of Yan province to recommend men of talent within the province fit for army and state or for prefect and magistrate governance, all to be reported by name. Further, an edict granted nobility ranks and grain and silk to the people of Yan province as in Xu province. Further, an edict chose one man of the Kong clan as Marquis Who Reveres the Sage, fief of a hundred households, to maintain sacrifice to Confucius. Further, an edict raised for Confucius a garden of cypress in Yan province, repaired the mound, and rebuilt the stele to praise sage virtue. On wuchen day he traveled to Que'ao. The Taihe Temple was completed. In the fifth month, on jisi day, Luan, Prince of Chengyang, lost at Zheyang and was reduced to Prince of Dingxiang county. Prince of Guangchuan Xie died. On gengwu day the spirit tablet of Empress Feng, consort of Emperor Wencheng, was moved to Taihe Temple. On jiaxu day he traveled to Huatai. On bingzi day he halted at Shiji. On gengchen day the crown prince attended at Pingtao city. Goryeo and Tuyuhun each sent envoys with tribute. On guawei day the imperial carriage returned from the southern campaign and announced at the Grand Temple. On jiashen day salaries of idle offices were reduced to supplement army and state expenses. On yiyou day the ritual of drinking on return was performed; gifts were distributed in graded amounts. On jiawu day the crown prince was capped at the temple. In the sixth month, on jihai day, an edict forbade speaking northern tribal language at court; offenders were dismissed from office. On xinchou day an edict remitted rent and tax for three years to soldiers who had followed the imperial carriage across the Huai. On guimao day an edict ordered the crown prince to proceed to Pingcheng palace. On renzi day an edict to counties of Ji, Dong, Xingyang, and Henan that the imperial carriage passed through: those a hundred years and older were granted acting county magistrate, ninety and older three ranks of nobility, eighty and older two ranks, seventy and older one rank; the solitary elderly, widowers, and orphans who could not support themselves were given grain and silk; those of filial piety, brotherly duty, integrity, and righteousness, and those with civil or military talent sought, were all to be reported by name. On guichou day an edict sought lost books throughout the realm; those not in the secret archive but useful to the time were to receive generous reward. On yimao day a partial amnesty was proclaimed in Liang province; the people's field rent was remitted for three years. On bingchen day an edict ordered that people who had moved to Luo, on death, were buried in Henan and might not return north. Thereupon those of the Dai people who had moved south all became people of Henan and Luoyang. On wuwu day an edict changed the long foot and great bushel, following Zhou ritual institutions, and distributed them throughout the realm.

八月甲辰，幸西宮，路見壞冢露棺，駐輦殣之。乙巳，詔選天下武勇之士十五萬人為羽林、虎賁，以充宿衞。丁巳，詔諸從兵從征被傷者皆聽還本。金墉宮成。甲子，引羣臣歷宴殿堂。九月庚午，六宮及文武盡遷洛陽。丙戌，行幸鄴。丁亥，詔曰：「諸有舊墓，銘記見存，昭然為時人所知者，三公及位從公者去墓三十步，尚書令僕、九列十五步，黃門、五校十步，各不聽墾殖。壬辰，遣黃門郎以太牢祭比干之墓。乙未，車駕還宮。

In the eighth month, on jiachen day, he visited the Western Palace; on the road he saw ruined tombs with coffins exposed and halted the carriage to bury them. On yisi day an edict chose a hundred and fifty thousand valiant men throughout the realm for Feathered Forest and Tiger Guard to fill the palace guard. On dingsi day an edict ordered that all soldiers wounded on campaign might return home. Jintong palace was completed. On jiazi day he led officials in succession through feasts in the halls. In the ninth month, on gengwu day, the Six Palaces and civil and military officials all moved to Luoyang. On bingxu day he traveled to Ye. On dinghai day an edict said, "For old tombs whose inscriptions survive and are clearly known to people of the time: the Three Dukes and those of rank equal to regional lords stay thirty paces from the tomb; masters of writing and the nine ministers fifteen paces; yellow gate and five colonels ten paces—cultivation is forbidden in each case. On renchen day a Yellow Gate gentleman was sent to sacrifice at Bi Gan's tomb with the great offering. On yiwei day the imperial carriage returned to the palace.

冬十月甲辰，曲赦相州。民百年以上假郡守，九十以上假縣令，八十以上賜爵三級，七十以上賜爵二級；孤老痼疾不能自存者，賜以穀帛。丙辰，車駕至自鄴。辛酉，詔州郡諸有士庶經行修敏、文思遒逸，才長吏治、堪幹政事者，以時發遣。壬戌，詔諸州牧精品屬官，考其得失，為三等之科以聞，將親覽而升降焉。詔徐、兗、光、南青、荊、洛六州纂嚴戎備，應須赴集。十有一月，行幸委粟山。議定圓丘。甲申，有事於圓丘。丙戌，大赦天下。十有二月乙未朔，引見羣臣於光極堂，宣示品令，為大選之始。辛酉，驃騎大將軍、司州牧、咸陽王禧為長兼太尉，前南安王楨復本封，以特進、廣陵王羽為征東大將軍、開府儀同三司、青州刺史。甲子，引見羣臣於光極堂，班賜冠服。

In the tenth month of winter, on jiachen day, a partial amnesty was proclaimed in Xiang province. People a hundred years and older were given acting commandery governor; ninety and older acting county magistrate; eighty and older three ranks of nobility; seventy and older two ranks; the solitary elderly and chronically ill who could not support themselves were given grain and silk. On bingchen day the imperial carriage returned from Ye. On xinyou day an edict ordered that in all provinces and commanderies gentry and commoners of cultivated conduct, penetrating literary thought, long talent in governance, and capacity for administration were to be sent forth in season. On renxu day an edict ordered provincial governors to examine subordinate officials, assess gain and loss, and report a three-grade scheme; the emperor would personally review and promote or demote. An edict to Xu, Yan, Guang, Southern Qing, Jing, and Luo—the six provinces—to gather strict military readiness and muster as needed. In the eleventh month he traveled to Weisu Mountain. The round mound altar was fixed. On jiashen day sacrifice was performed at the round mound. On bingxu day a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. In the twelfth month, on yiwei day, the new moon, he summoned officials at the Hall of Splendid Ultimate and proclaimed the rank statutes—the beginning of the great selection. On xinyou day Xi, general of agile cavalry, inspector of Si province, and Prince of Xianyang, was made acting grand commandant; Zhen, former Prince of Nan'an, had his original enfeoffment restored; Yu, special advance and Prince of Guangling, was made general who campaigns east, opener of government equal to the three excellencies, and inspector of Qing province. On jiazi day he summoned officials at the Hall of Splendid Ultimate and distributed caps and robes.

二十年春正月丁卯，詔改姓為元氏。壬辰，改封始平王勰為彭城王，以定襄縣王鸞復封城陽王。二月辛丑，帝幸華林，聽訟於都亭。壬寅，詔自非金革，聽終三年喪。丙午，詔畿內七十以上暮春赴京師，將行養老之禮。庚戌，幸華林，聽訟於都亭。癸丑，詔介山之邑，聽為寒食，自餘禁斷。三月丙寅，宴羣臣及國老、庶老於華林園。詔曰：「國老黃耇以上，假中散大夫、郡守；耆年以上，假給事中、縣令；庶老，直假郡縣。各賜鳩杖、衣裳。」丁丑，詔諸州中正各舉其鄉之民望，年五十以上守素衡門者，授以令長。

In the twentieth year, spring, first month, on dingmao day, an edict changed the surname to Yuan. On renchen day Xie, Prince of Shiping, was transferred to Prince of Pengcheng; Luan, Prince of Dingxiang county, was again enfeoffed as Prince of Chengyang. In the second month, on xinchou day, the emperor visited Hualin and heard cases at the capital tribunal. On renyin day an edict ordered that except in wartime, three years' mourning might be completed. On bingwu day an edict ordered that within the capital circuit those seventy and older were to come to the capital at late spring for the rite of nurturing the aged. On gengxu day he visited Hualin and heard cases at the capital tribunal. On guichou day an edict permitted Cold Food Festival in Jieshan district alone; elsewhere it was forbidden. In the third month, on bingyin day, he feasted officials, state elders, and common elders in Hualin Garden. An edict said, "State elders of yellow hoary age and above receive acting palace gentleman of the scattered cavalry and commandery governor; those of venerable age and above receive acting supernumerary attendant and county magistrate; common elders receive direct acting county or commandery posts. Each was given a dove staff and garments. On dingchou day an edict ordered provincial rectifiers in each province to recommend men of local repute fifty and older of plain living and closed gates, to be appointed magistrates.

夏四月甲辰，廣州刺史薛法護南叛。五月丙子，詔曰：「農惟政首，稷實民先，澍雨豐洽，所宜敦勵。其令畿內嚴加課督，惰業者申以楚撻，力田者具以名聞。」丙戌，初營方澤於河陰。遣使者以太牢祭漢光武及明、章三帝陵。又詔漢、魏、晉諸帝陵，各禁方百步不得樵蘇踐蹋。丁亥，車駕有事於方澤。

In the fourth month of summer, on jiachen day, Xue Fahu, inspector of Guang province, rebelled south. In the fifth month, on bingzi day, an edict said, "Agriculture is the head of government, millet the people's first need; timely rain in abundance is what should be earnestly encouraged. Let the capital circuit strictly supervise levies; the idle are to be punished with the rod, and the diligent in fields are all to be reported by name." On bingxu day the square mound altar at Heyin was first built. Envoys were sent to sacrifice at the tombs of Han Guangwu and the Ming and Zhang emperors with the great offering. Further, an edict ordered that tombs of emperors of Han, Wei, and Jin each had a hundred paces forbidden to fuel-gathering and trampling. On dinghai day the imperial carriage performed sacrifice at the square mound.

七月，廢皇后馮氏。戊寅，帝以久旱，咸秩羣神；自癸未不食至于乙酉，是夜澍雨大洽。

In the seventh month Empress Feng was deposed. On wuyin day, because of long drought, the emperor performed ranked sacrifice to the spirits; from guiwei he ate nothing until yiyou; that night timely rain fell in abundance.

丁亥，詔曰：「炎陽爽節，秋零卷澍，在予之責，實深悚慄，故輟膳三晨，以命上訴。靈鑒誠款，曲流雲液。雖休勿休，寧敢愆怠。將有賢人湛德，高士凝棲，雖加銓採，未能招致。其精訪幽谷，舉茲賢彥，直言極諫，匡予不及。又邪佞毀朝，固唯治蠹；貪夫竊位，大政以虧。主者彈劾不肖，明黜盜祿。又法為治要，民命尤重，在京之囚，悉命條奏，朕將親案，以時議決。又疾苦六極，人神所矜，宜時訪恤，以拯窮廢。鰥寡困乏、不能自存者，明加矜恤，令得存濟。又輕徭薄賦，君人常理，歲中恒役，具以狀聞。又夫婦之道，生民所先，仲春奔會，禮有達式，男女失時者以禮會之。又京民始業，農桑為本，田稼多少，課督以不，[9]具以狀言。」

On dinghai day an edict said, "Blazing sun and clear season, autumn showers gathered—my responsibility is deep dread; therefore I stopped meals for three mornings to appeal above. The numinous mirror saw sincerity; clouds and rain bent in streams. Though rest is commanded, I dare not slacken. Perhaps worthy men lie hidden in virtue and lofty scholars dwell in seclusion—though selection is increased, they have not yet been summoned. Let hidden valleys be searched thoroughly and worthy men raised; speak blunt counsel and correct my shortcomings. Further, flatterers who ruin the court are truly worms in governance; greedy men who steal posts greatly impair great policy. Those in charge are to impeach the unworthy and clearly demote thieves of salary. Further, law is the pivot of governance and the people's lives especially weighty—prisoners in the capital are all to memorialize in detail; I will personally review and decide in season. Further, the six extremes of suffering are what men and spirits pity—timely inquiry and relief should rescue the destitute. Widowers, orphans, and the impoverished who cannot support themselves are clearly to receive compassionate relief so they may survive. Further, light corvée and low tax are the ruler's constant reason—annual regular labor is all to be reported in detail. Further, the way of husband and wife is what the people put first; mid-spring pairing has ritual precedent—men and women past season are to be joined by ritual. Further, capital people newly at work take farming and sericulture as root—how much field grain, whether levies were supervised or not, [9] report all in detail."

八月壬辰朔，幸華林園，親錄囚徒，咸降本罪二等決遣之。戊戌，車駕幸嵩高。甲寅，還宮。丁巳，南安王楨薨。幸華林園聽訟。九月戊辰，車駕閱武於小平津。癸酉，還宮。丁亥，將通洛水入穀，帝親臨觀。

In the eighth month, on renchen day, the new moon, he visited Hualin Garden, personally reviewed prisoners, and all were sent off with two grades reduced from the original offense. On wuxu day the imperial carriage visited Song Mountain. On jiayin day he returned to the palace. On dingsi day Zhen, Prince of Nan'an, died. He visited Hualin Garden to hear cases. In the ninth month, on wuchen day, the imperial carriage reviewed troops at Xiaoping Ford. On guiyou day he returned to the palace. On dinghai day the Luo River was to be connected into the Gu; the emperor personally watched.

冬十月戊戌，以代遷之士皆為羽林、虎賁；司州之民，十二夫調一吏，為四年更卒，歲開番假，以供公私力役。己酉，曲赦京師。十有一月乙酉，復封前汝陰王天賜孫景和為汝陰王，前京兆王太興為西河王。閏月丙辰，右將軍元隆大破汾州叛胡。十有二月甲子，以西北州郡旱儉，[10]遣侍臣循察，開倉賑恤。乙丑，開鹽池之禁，與民共之。丙寅，廢皇太子恂為庶人；丁卯，告太廟。戊辰，置常平倉。恒州刺史穆泰等在州謀反，遣行吏部尚書任城王澄案治之。樂陵王思譽坐知泰陰謀不告，削爵為庶人。

In the tenth month of winter, on wuxu day, all soldiers who had moved from Dai were made Feathered Forest and Tiger Guard; people of Si province—twelve households supplied one clerk as rotating soldier for four years, with annual rotation leave to supply public and private labor. On jiyou day a partial amnesty was proclaimed in the capital. In the eleventh month, on yiyou day, Jinghe, grandson of the former Prince of Runan Tianci, was again enfeoffed as Prince of Runan; Taixing, former Prince of Jingzhao, as Prince of Xihe. In the intercalary month, on bingchen day, Yuan Long, right general, greatly defeated rebel Hu of Fen province. In the twelfth month, on jiazi day, because northwest commanderies and counties suffered drought and famine, [10] attendant ministers were sent to inspect, open granaries, and relieve. On yichou day the prohibition on salt pools was opened and shared with the people. On bingyin day Crown Prince Xu was deposed as commoner; On dingmao day the Grand Temple was notified. On wuchen day the Ever-Normal Granary was established. Mu Tai, inspector of Heng province, and others plotted rebellion in the province; Cheng, acting minister of personnel and Prince of Rencheng, was sent to investigate. Siyu, Prince of Leling, was punished for knowing Tai's plot and not reporting—his nobility was stripped and he was made a commoner.

二十有一年春正月丙申，立皇子恪為皇太子，賜天下為父後者爵一級。己亥，遣兼侍中張彝、崔光，兼散騎常侍劉藻，巡方省察，問民疾苦，黜陟守宰，宣揚風化。乙巳，車駕北巡。二月壬戌，次於太原。親見高年，問所不便。乙丑，詔并州士人年六十已上，假以郡守。先是，定州民王金鈎訛言惑眾，自稱應王。丙寅，州郡捕斬之。癸酉，車駕至平城。甲戌，謁永固陵。癸未，行幸雲中。三月庚寅，車駕至自雲中。辛卯，謁金陵。乙未，車駕南巡。己酉，次離石。叛胡歸罪，宥之。甲寅，詔汾州民百年以上假縣令，九十以上賜爵三級，八十以上賜爵二級，七十以上賜爵一級。丙辰，車駕次平陽，遣使者以太牢祭唐堯。

In the twenty-first year, spring, first month, on bingshen day, Prince Ke was installed as crown prince; those throughout the realm who had adopted heirs were granted one rank of nobility. On jihai day Zhang Yi and Cui Guang, acting attendants-in-ordinary, and Liu Zao, acting palace attendant of scattered cavalry, were sent to tour the regions, inspect, inquire into the people's hardships, promote and demote prefects and magistrates, and proclaim transforming influence. On yisi day the imperial carriage toured north. In the second month, on renxu day, he halted at Taiyuan. He personally received the aged and asked what inconvenienced them. On the yichou day an edict granted scholars of Bingzhou aged sixty and above acting appointment as commandery governors. Previously Wang Jingou of Dingzhou had deluded the masses with false talk and styled himself the King Who Answers. On the bingyin day the province and commanderies captured and beheaded him. On the guiyou day the emperor reached Pingcheng. On the jiaxu day he visited the Yonggu Mausoleum. On the guiwei day he traveled to Yunzhong. In the third month, on the gengyin day, the court returned from Yunzhong. On the xinmao day he visited the Jinling Mausoleum. On the yiwei day the emperor toured south. On the jiyou day he halted at Lishi. Rebel Hu submitted to judgment and were pardoned. On the jiayin day an edict granted Fenzhou commoners aged one hundred and above acting appointment as county magistrate, those ninety and above noble rank of three degrees, eighty and above two degrees, and seventy and above one degree. On the bingchen day the court halted at Pingyang and sent envoys with the great offering to sacrifice to Tang Yao.

夏四月庚申，幸龍門，遣使者以太牢祭夏禹。癸亥，行幸蒲坂，遣使者以太牢祭虞舜。戊辰，詔修堯、舜、夏禹廟。辛未，行幸長安。壬申，武興王楊集始來朝。乙亥，親見高年，問所疾苦。丙子，遣侍臣分省縣邑，賑賜穀帛。戊寅，幸未央殿、阿房宮，遂幸昆明池。癸未，大將軍、宋王劉昶薨。丙戌，遣使者以太牢祀漢帝諸陵。五月丁亥朔，衞大國遣使朝貢。己丑，車駕東旋，汎渭入河。庚寅，詔雍州士人百年以上假華郡太守，九十以上假荒郡，八十以上假華縣令，七十以上假荒縣；庶老以年各減一等，七十以上賜爵三級；其營船之夫，賜爵一級；孤寡鰥貧、窮痾廢疾，各賜帛二匹，穀五斛；其孝友德義、文學才幹，悉仰貢舉。壬辰，遣使者以太牢祭周文王於酆，祭武王於鎬。癸卯，遣使祭華嶽。六月庚申，車駕至自長安。壬戌，詔冀、定、瀛、相、濟五州發卒二十萬，將以南討。癸亥，司空穆亮遜位。丁卯，部分六師，以定行留。

In the fourth month of summer, on the gengshen day, he visited Longmen and sent envoys with the great offering to sacrifice to Yu of Xia. On the guihai day he traveled to Puban and sent envoys with the great offering to sacrifice to Yu Shun. On the wuchen day an edict ordered repair of the temples of Yao, Shun, and Yu of Xia. On the xinwei day he traveled to Chang'an. On the renshen day Yang Jishi, King of Wuxing, came to court. On the yihai day he personally received the aged and asked their hardships. On the bingzi day attendant ministers were dispatched to tour counties and districts separately and bestow grain and cloth in relief. On the wuyin day he visited Weiyang Hall and Epang Palace, then traveled to Kunming Pool. On the guiwei day Liu Chang, King of Song and grand general, died. On the bingxu day envoys were sent with the great offering to sacrifice at the mausoleums of the Han emperors. In the fifth month, on the dinghai day, the new moon, the state of Weida sent envoys with tribute. On the jichou day the court turned east, sailed the Wei, and entered the Yellow River. On the gengyin day an edict granted Yongzhou scholars aged one hundred and above acting appointment as governor of Hua commandery, those ninety and above of Huang commandery, eighty and above magistrate of Hua county, and seventy and above of Huang county; common elders were reduced one grade by age; those seventy and above received noble rank of three degrees; boat crews were granted noble rank of one degree; the orphaned, widowed, poor, and those disabled by illness each received two bolts of cloth and five hu of grain; those of filial piety, friendship, virtue, and righteousness, and of literary learning and talent, were all to be recommended upward for selection. On the renchen day envoys were sent with the great offering to sacrifice to King Wen of Zhou at Feng and to King Wu at Hao. On the guimao day an envoy was sent to sacrifice at Mount Hua. In the sixth month, on the gengshen day, the court returned from Chang'an. On the renxu day an edict ordered Ji, Ding, Ying, Xiang, and Ji provinces to raise two hundred thousand soldiers for a southern campaign. On the guihai day Minister of Works Mu Liang resigned office. On the dingmao day the six armies were apportioned to fix those who marched and those who remained.

秋七月甲午，立昭儀馮氏為皇后。戊辰，以前司空穆亮為征北大將軍、開府儀同三司、冀州刺史。甲寅，帝親為羣臣講喪服於清徽堂。八月丙辰，詔中外戒嚴。壬戌，立皇子愉為京兆王，懌為清河王，懷為廣平王。壬申，行幸河南城。甲戌，講武於華林園。庚辰，車駕南討。九月丙申，詔曰：「哀貧恤老，王者所先，鰥寡六疾，尤宜矜愍。可敕司州洛陽之民，年七十已上無子孫，六十以上無期親，貧不自存者，給以衣食；及不滿六十而有廢痼之疾，無大功之親，窮困無以自療者，皆於別坊遣醫救護，給醫師四人，豫請藥物以療之。」丁酉，詔河南尹李崇討梁州叛羌，[11]受征西源懷節度。辛丑，帝留諸將攻赭陽，引師而南。癸卯，至宛城，夜襲其郛，克之。丁未，車駕發南陽，留太尉咸陽王禧、前將軍元英攻之。己酉，車駕至新野。

In the seventh month, on the jiawu day, Lady Feng, honored consort, was installed as empress. On the wuchen day former Minister of Works Mu Liang was made General Who Campaigns North, grand marshal with ceremonial insignia equal to the Three Excellencies, and inspector of Ji province. On the jiayin day the emperor personally lectured the ministers on mourning garments in the Clear Emblem Hall. In the eighth month, on the bingchen day, an edict ordered martial alert within and without. On the renxu day the princes Yu, Yi, and Huai were enfeoffed Princes of Jingzhao, Qinghe, and Guangping respectively. On the renshen day he traveled to Henan city. On the jiaxu day he reviewed troops at Hualin Garden. On the gengchen day the emperor marched south to attack. In the ninth month, on the bingshen day, an edict stated, "To pity the poor and comfort the aged is what a king puts first; the widowed, orphaned, and six infirmities especially deserve compassion. Let the people of Luoyang in Sizhou aged seventy and above without descendants, and sixty and above without kin of the mourning grades, who are poor and cannot support themselves, be given food and clothing; and those not yet sixty who have crippling illness, without kin of great merit, poor and unable to treat themselves, are all to be sent physicians in a separate ward for rescue, with four physicians provided and medicines prepared in advance to treat them." On the dingyou day an edict ordered Li Chong, governor of Henan, to attack the rebellious Qiang of Liang province, [11] subject to the command of Yuan Huai, Westward Campaign. On the xinchou day the emperor left the generals to attack Zheyang and led the army south. On the guimao day he reached Wancheng; that night he raided the outer wall and took it. On the dingwei day the court set out from Nanyang; Grand Marshal Xianyang Wang Xi and Forward General Yuan Ying were left to attack it. On the jiyou day the court reached Xinye.

冬十月丁巳，四面進攻，不克，詔左右軍築長圍以守之。乙亥，追廢貞皇后林氏為庶人。十有一月甲午，蕭鸞前軍將軍韓秀方、弋陽太守王副之、後軍將軍趙祖悅等十五將來降。丁酉，大破賊軍於沔北，獲其將軍王伏保等。於是民皆復業，九十以上假以郡守，六十五以上假以縣令。新野民張暏柵萬餘家，拒守不下。十有二月庚申，破之，俘斬萬餘。丁卯，詔流徒之囚，皆勿決遣，有登城之際，令其先鋒自效。庚午，車駕臨沔，遂巡沔東還。戊寅，車駕還新野。己卯，親行營壘，隱恤六軍。蕭鸞將王曇紛等萬餘人寇南青州黃郭戍，戍主崔僧淵擊破之，悉虜其眾。以齊郡王子琛紹河間王若後。高昌國遣使朝貢。

In the tenth month of winter, on the dingsi day, attack from four sides did not succeed; an edict ordered the left and right armies to build a long encirclement to hold it. On the yihai day Deposed Empress Lin of Zhen was demoted to commoner. In the eleventh month, on the jiawu day, fifteen generals of Xiao Luan including Forward General Han Xiufang, garrison commander of Yiyang Wang Fuzhi, and Rear General Zhao Zuyue came to surrender. On the dingyou day the rebel army was greatly defeated north of the Mian; their general Wang Fubao and others were captured. Thereupon the people all returned to their occupations; those ninety and above were granted acting appointment as commandery governors, those sixty-five and above as county magistrates. Zhang Zhao of Xinye with more than ten thousand households in stockades held out and would not submit. In the twelfth month, on the gengshen day, it was stormed; more than ten thousand were captured or beheaded. On the dingmao day an edict stated that exiled and transported convicts were all not to be sentenced and sent away; when there was occasion to storm walls, they were to be sent first as vanguard to earn merit. On the gengwu day the emperor came to the Mian and then toured east of the Mian before returning. On the wuyin day the court returned to Xinye. On the jimao day he personally inspected the camps and secretly comforted the six armies. Wang Yanfen and more than ten thousand men under Xiao Luan raided the Huangguo garrison of southern Qing province; garrison commander Cui Sengyuan defeated them and captured the whole host. Zichen, son of the Prince of Qi commandery, succeeded Prince He of Hejian. The state of Gaochang sent envoys with tribute.

二十有二年春正月癸未朔，朝饗羣臣於新野行宮。丁亥，拔新野，獲蕭鸞輔國將軍、新野太守劉忌，斬之於宛。戊子，鸞湖陽戍主蔡道福棄城遁走。辛卯，鸞赭陽戍主成公期、軍主胡松棄城遁走。壬辰，鸞輔國將軍、舞陰戍主黃瑤起及直閤將軍、臺軍主鮑舉，南鄉太守席謙相尋遁走，瑤起、鮑舉為軍人所獲送。庚戌，行幸南陽。二月乙卯，進攻宛北城。甲子，拔之，鸞冠軍將軍南陽太守房伯玉面縛出降。庚午，車駕幸新野。辛未，詔以穰民首歸大順終始若一者，給復三十年，標其所居曰「歸義鄉」；次降者給復十五年。三月壬午朔，大破鸞平北將軍崔惠景、黃門郎蕭衍軍於鄧城，斬獲首虜二萬有餘。庚寅，行幸樊城，觀兵襄沔，耀武而還。曲赦二荊、魯陽郡。鎮南將軍王肅攻鸞義陽。鸞遣將裴叔業寇渦陽。乙未，詔將軍鄭思明、嚴虛敬、宇文福等三軍繼援。辛丑，行幸湖陽。乙未，次比陽。戊申，詔荊州諸郡之民，初降次附，復同穰縣。辛亥，行幸懸瓠。

In the twenty-first year, in the first month of spring, on the guiwei day, the new moon, the court feasted the ministers at the Xinye traveling palace. On the dinghai day Xinye was taken; Liu Ji, Xiao Luan's General Who Supports the State and governor of Xinye, was captured and beheaded at Wan. On the wuzi day Cai Daofu, garrison commander of Huyang under Luan, abandoned the city and fled. On the xinmao day Cheng Gongqi, garrison commander of Zheyang, and army commander Hu Song under Luan abandoned the city and fled. On the renchen day Huang Yaoqi, Xiao Luan's General Who Supports the State and garrison commander of Wuyin, and Zhihe general and commander of the Terrace Army Bao Ju, and Xiangyang governor Xi Qian fled in succession; Yaoqi and Ju were seized by the soldiers and sent in. On the gengxu day he traveled to Nanyang. In the second month, on the yimao day, the north city of Wan was attacked. On the jiazi day it was taken; Fang Boyu, Xiao Luan's General Who Champions the Army and governor of Nanyang, came out bound and surrendered. On the gengwu day the court visited Xinye. On the xinwei day an edict stated that for people of Xiang who from the first submitted to the Great Mandate were loyal start to finish, corvée exemption was granted thirty years and their dwelling was marked "District of Returning Righteousness"; those who submitted next received corvée exemption fifteen years. In the third month, on the renwu day, the new moon, the armies of Xiao Luan's General Who Pacifies the North Cui Huijing and Yellow Gate Attendant Xiao Yan were greatly defeated at Dengcheng; heads and captives exceeded twenty thousand. On the gengyin day he traveled to Fancheng, reviewed troops on the Xiang and Mian, displayed martial might, and returned. A partial amnesty was granted for the two Jing provinces and Luyang commandery. Wang Su, General Who Guards the South, attacked Yiyang under Luan. Luan dispatched Pei Shuye to raid Guoyang. On the yiwei day an edict ordered Generals Zheng Siming, Yan Xujing, and Yuwen Fu with three armies to follow in support. On the xinchou day he traveled to Huyang. On the yiwei day he halted at Biyang. On the wushen day an edict stated that for people of Jing province who had first submitted or next attached, corvée was the same as Xiang county. On the xinhai day he traveled to Xuanhu.

夏四月甲寅，從征武直之官進位三階，文官二級，外官一階。庚午，發州郡兵二十萬人，限八月中旬集懸瓠。趙郡王幹薨。五月丙午，詔在征身喪者，四品已下及卑兼之職給帛有差。六月庚申，詔諸王將士戰沒皆加優贈。

In the fourth month of summer, on the jiayin day, officials on the campaign from military direct service advanced three ranks, civil officials two, outer officials one. On the gengwu day provincial and commandery troops of two hundred thousand men were mobilized, to assemble at Xuanhu by mid-eighth month. The Prince of Zhao commandery Gan died. In the fifth month, on the bingwu day, an edict stated that those on campaign with a bereavement in the family, fourth rank and below and low concurrent posts, were granted cloth in differing amounts. In the sixth month, on the gengshen day, an edict stated that princes, generals, and soldiers who died in battle all received enhanced posthumous grants.

秋七月壬午，詔曰：「朕以寡德，屬茲靖亂，實賴羣英，凱清南夏，宜約躬賞效，以勸茂績。后之私府，便可損半；六宮嬪御，五服男女，常恤恒供，亦令減半；在戎之親，三分省一。」是月，蕭鸞死，子寶卷僭立。八月辛亥，皇太子自京師來朝。壬子，蕭寶卷奉朝請鄧學擁其齊興郡內屬。敕勒樹者相率反叛。詔平北將軍、江陽王繼都督北討諸軍事以討之。壬午，高麗國遣使朝獻。九月己亥，帝以蕭鸞死，禮不伐喪，乃詔反斾。庚子，仍將北伐叛虜。丙午，車駕發懸瓠。

In the seventh month, on the renwu day, an edict stated, "We with meager virtue bear this time of pacification; truly we rely on the host of heroes who have cleared the south in triumph. It is fitting to restrain our person and reward merit, to encourage splendid achievement. the empress's private treasury may be reduced by half; the six palaces' consorts and attendants, male and female of the five garments, for constant care and regular supply, are also to be reduced by half; kinsmen in the army, reduce by one in three." That month Xiao Luan died; his son Baojuan usurped the throne. In the eighth month, on the xinhai day, the crown prince came to court from the capital. On the renzi day Deng Xue, court gentleman attendant of Xiao Baojuan, led the people of his Qixing commandery to submit inward. The Tiele of Shu rebelled in succession. An edict made Jiangyang Wang Ji, General Who Pacifies the North, commander-in-chief of the northern punitive campaign. On the renwu day the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. In the ninth month, on the jihai day, because Xiao Luan had died, rites forbade attacking during mourning; an edict ordered the banners turned back. On the gengzi day he still led the northern campaign against rebel barbarians. On the bingwu day the court set out from Xuanhu.

冬十月己酉朔，曲赦二豫殊死已下，復民田租一歲。十有一月辛巳，幸鄴。十有二月甲寅，以江陽王繼定敕勒，乃詔班師。

In the tenth month of winter, on the jiyou day, the new moon, a partial amnesty was granted for the two Yu provinces below capital punishment; the people's field rent was remitted one year. In the eleventh month, on the xinsi day, he visited Ye. In the twelfth month, on the jiayin day, because Jiangyang Wang Ji had pacified the Tiele, an edict ordered withdrawal of the army.

二十有三年春正月戊寅朔，朝羣臣，以帝疾瘳上壽，大饗於澄鸞殿。壬午。幸西門豹祠，遂歷漳水而還。蕭寶卷遣太尉陳顯達寇荊州。癸未，詔前將軍元英討之。乙酉，車駕發鄴，戊戌，至自鄴。庚子，告於廟社。癸卯，行飲至策勳之禮。甲辰，大赦天下。太保、齊郡王簡薨。二月辛亥，以長兼太尉、咸陽王禧為正太尉。癸亥，以中軍大將軍、彭城王勰為司徒，復樂陵王思譽本封。癸酉，顯達攻陷馬圈戍。三月庚辰，車駕南伐。癸未，次梁城。甲申，以順陽被圍危急，詔振武將軍慕容平城率騎五千赴之。丙戌，帝不豫，司徒、彭城王勰侍疾禁中，且攝百揆。丁酉，車駕至馬圈。詔鎮南大將軍、廣陽王嘉斷均口，邀顯達歸路。戊戌，頻戰破之，其夜，顯達及崔惠景、曹虎等宵遁。己亥，收其戎資億計，班賜六軍。諸將追奔及於漢水，斬獲及赴水而死者十八九，斬寶卷左軍將軍張于達等。 [12]賊將蔡道福、成公期率數萬人棄順陽遁走。

In the twenty-third year, in the first month of spring, on the wuyin day, the new moon, the court assembled the ministers; because the emperor's illness had abated, longevity was celebrated with a great feast in the Chengluan Hall. On the renwu day. He visited the shrine of Ximen Bao, then followed the Zhang River and returned. Xiao Baojuan dispatched Grand Marshal Chen Xianda to invade Jing province. On the guiwei day an edict ordered Forward General Yuan Ying to attack him. On the yiyou day the court set out from Ye; on the wuxu day it returned from Ye. On the gengzi day announcement was made at the ancestral temple and altars of soil and grain. On the guimao day the ritual of drinking on return and recording merit was performed. On the jiachen day a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. Grand Guardian Prince of Qi commandery Jian died. In the second month, on the xinhai day, Xianyang Wang Xi, acting grand marshal, was made regular grand marshal. On the guihai day Pengcheng Wang Xie was made Minister over the Masses; Yue-ling Wang Siyu's original fief was restored. On the guiyou day Xianda stormed and took the Maquan garrison. In the third month, on the gengchen day, the emperor marched south to attack. On the guiwei day he halted at Liangcheng. On the jiashen day, because Shunyang was besieged in grave peril, an edict ordered Zhenwu General Murong Pingcheng to lead five thousand horsemen to the rescue. On the bingxu day the emperor was unwell; Minister over the Masses Pengcheng Wang Xie attended his illness in the inner palace and for the time held all government. On the dingyou day the court reached Maquan. An edict ordered Guangyang Wang Jia, General Who Guards the South, to cut the Jun mouth and block Xianda's route of return. On the wuxu day repeated battles defeated him; that night Xianda and Cui Huijing, Cao Hu, and others fled by night. On the jihai day their military stores, reckoned in the hundreds of millions, were seized and distributed to the six armies. The generals pursued the fugitives to the Han River; those beheaded, captured, and drowned were eight or nine in ten; Left Army General Zhang Yuda of Baojuan and others were beheaded. [12] Rebel generals Cai Daofu and Cheng Gongqi led tens of thousands to abandon Shunyang and flee.

庚子，帝疾甚，車駕北次穀塘原。甲辰，詔賜皇后馮氏死。詔司徒勰徵太子於魯陽踐阼。詔以侍中、護軍將軍、北海王詳為司空公，鎮南將軍王肅為尚書令，鎮南大將軍、廣陽王嘉為尚書左僕射，尚書宋弁為吏部尚書，與侍中、太尉公禧，尚書右僕射、任城王澄等六人輔政。顧命宰輔曰：「粵爾太尉、司空、尚書令、左右僕射、吏部尚書，惟我太祖丕丕之業，與四象齊茂，累聖重明，屬鴻曆於寡昧。兢兢業業，思纂乃聖之遺蹤。遷都嵩極，定鼎河瀍，庶南蕩甌吳，復禮萬國，以仰光七廟，俯濟蒼生。困窮早滅，不永乃志。 [13]公卿其善毗繼子，隆我魏室，不亦善歟？可不勉之！」夏四月丙午朔，帝崩于穀塘原之行宮，時年三十三。祕諱，至魯陽發哀，還京師。上諡曰孝文皇帝，廟曰高祖。五月丙申，葬長陵。

On the gengzi day the emperor's illness was severe; the court halted north at Gutang Plain. On the jiachen day an edict granted death to Empress Feng. An edict ordered Minister over the Masses Xie to summon the crown prince from Luyang to ascend the throne. An edict made Palace Attendant and Protector of the Army Beihai Wang Xiang minister of works, Wang Su, General Who Guards the South, director of the Masters of Writing, Guangyang Wang Jia, General Who Guards the South, left vice director of the Masters of Writing, Song Bian of the Masters of Writing minister of personnel, together with palace attendant and grand marshal Xi, right vice director of the Masters of Writing and Prince of Rencheng Wang Cheng, and six others to assist in government. The entrusted ministers said, "O you grand marshal, minister of works, director of the Masters of Writing, left and right vice directors, and minister of personnel—our founding ancestor's vast enterprise matches the four emblems in splendor; successive sages doubled the light, and the great mandate fell on our dimness. With fearful care we think to continue the traces of the sage. We moved the capital to Song's height and fixed the tripod at He and Luo, hoping to sweep Ou and Wu in the south and restore rites to the myriad states, to lift up the seven temples and succor the black-haired people below. Early trapped and extinguished, we could not long fulfill our aim. [13] You ministers, well support and continue the heir, and exalt our Wei house—is that not good? You must exert yourselves! In the fourth month of summer, on the bingwu day, the new moon, the emperor died at the traveling palace on Gutang Plain. He was thirty-three. The death was kept secret; mourning was proclaimed at Luyang, then the court returned to the capital. The posthumous title was Emperor Xiaowen; the temple name was Gaozu. In the fifth month, on the bingshen day, burial at Changling.

帝幼有至性，年四歲，顯祖曾患癰，帝親自吮膿。五歲受禪，悲泣不能自勝。顯祖問帝，帝曰：「代親之感，內切於心。」顯祖甚歎異之。文明太后以帝聰聖，後或不利於馮氏，將謀廢帝。乃於寒月，單衣閉室，絕食三朝，召咸陽王禧，將立之，元丕、穆泰、李冲固諫，乃止。帝初不有憾，唯深德丕等。撫念諸弟，始終曾無纖介，惇睦九族，禮敬俱深。雖於大臣持法不縱，然性寬慈，每垂矜捨。進食者曾以熱羹傷帝手，又曾於食中得蟲穢之物，並笑而恕之。宦者先有譖帝於太后，太后大怒，杖帝數十，帝默然而受，不自申明。太后崩後，亦不以介意。

The emperor from youth had utmost nature; at age four, when Emperor Xianwen once had an abscess, the emperor personally sucked the pus. At five he received the abdication and wept uncontrollably. Emperor Xianwen asked the emperor; the emperor said, "The feeling for a parent in place of another cuts within the heart." Emperor Xianwen greatly marveled at him. Empress Dowager Wencheng, because the emperor was clever and sage, later might not favor the Feng clan, planned to depose the emperor. Then in a cold month, in a single garment she closed the chamber, cut off food for three mornings, summoned Xianyang Wang Xi, intending to install him; Yuan Pi, Mu Tai, and Li Chong firmly remonstrated, and it stopped. The emperor at first had no resentment, but deeply owed virtue to Pi and the others. Cherishing his younger brothers, from start to finish there was never the slightest gap; he was thick and harmonious to the nine clans, with ritual respect all deep. Though toward great ministers he held the law and did not indulge, yet by nature he was broad and kind, and often showed pity and forbearance. Those who served food once scalded the emperor's hand with hot broth, and once filth of insects was found in the food—he laughed and forgave them both. Eunuchs had earlier slandered the emperor to the empress dowager; the empress dowager was greatly angered and beat the emperor dozens of times; the emperor silently bore it and did not explain himself. After the empress dowager died he also did not mind it.

聽覽政事，莫不從善如流。哀矜百姓，恒思所以濟益。天地、五郊、宗廟二分之禮，常必躬親，不以寒暑為倦。尚書奏案，多自尋省。百官大小，無不留心，務於周洽。每言：凡為人君，患於不均，不能推誠御物，苟能均誠，胡越之人亦可親如兄弟。常從容謂史官曰：「直書時事，無諱國惡。人君威福自己，史復不書，將何所懼。」南北征巡，有司奏請治道，帝曰：「粗修橋梁，通輿馬便止，不須去草剗令平也。」凡所修造，不得已而為之，不為不急之事損民力也。巡幸淮南，如在內地，軍事須伐民樹者，必留絹以酬其直，民稻粟無所傷踐。諸有禁忌禳厭之方非典籍所載者，一皆除罷。

In hearing and deciding affairs, none were not followed as good flows water. Pitying the hundred surnames, he constantly thought how to benefit them. Rites at Heaven and Earth, the five suburban sacrifices, and the ancestral temple at the two equinoxes—he always attended in person and was not weary of heat or cold. When the Masters of Writing submitted cases, he often examined them himself. Officials great and small—none did he not attend to, striving for thoroughness. He often said, "For anyone who is lord of men, the trouble is unevenness; one cannot push sincerity to govern things—if one can be even in sincerity, men of Hu and Yue can also be as close as brothers." He often calmly told the historiographers, "Write the times straight, without concealing the state's shame. When a lord takes authority and blessing on himself, if the historians again do not write, what is there to fear?" On northern and southern campaigns, when offices memorialized to repair the road, the emperor said, "Roughly repair bridges so carts and horses may pass—that is enough; it is not necessary to cut grass and make it level." Whatever he constructed was because he had to; he did not harm the people's strength for unurgent matters. Touring south of the Huai, it was as in the inner lands; when the military had to cut people's trees, silk was always left to pay the price; the people's rice and millet were nowhere trampled. All taboo and exorcism formulas not recorded in the canonical classics were abolished.

雅好讀書，手不釋卷。五經之義，覽之便講，學不師受，探其精奧。史傳百家，無不該涉。善談莊老，尤精釋義。才藻富贍，好為文章，詩賦銘頌，任興而作。有大文筆，馬上口授，及其成也，不改一字。自太和十年已後詔冊，皆帝之文也。自餘文章，百有餘篇。愛奇好士，情如飢渴。待納朝賢，隨才輕重，常寄以布素之意。悠然玄邁，不以世務嬰心。又少而善射，有膂力。年十餘歲，能以指彈碎羊髆骨。及射禽獸，莫不隨所志斃之。至年十五，便不復殺生，射獵之事悉止。性儉素，常服澣濯之衣，鞍勒鐵木而已。帝之雅志，皆此類也。

He elegantly loved reading and did not release the scroll from his hand. The meaning of the Five Classics—he read and could lecture at once; he studied without a teacher, probing their subtle depths. Histories, traditions, and the hundred schools—none did he not cover. He was skilled in discussing Zhuangzi and Laozi, and especially refined in Buddhist meaning. His literary talent was rich; he loved to compose essays, poems, fu, inscriptions, and eulogies, composing as the mood moved. He had great literary power; on horseback he dictated by mouth, and when complete not one character was changed. From the tenth year of Taihe onward, edicts and patents were all the emperor's compositions. His remaining essays numbered more than a hundred pieces. He loved the strange and valued scholars, with feeling like hunger and thirst. Receiving court worthies, he weighed each by talent, often entrusting the intent of plain cloth. Serene and abstruse, he was not encumbered in mind by worldly affairs. He was also from youth skilled at archery and had physical strength. Past age ten he could with a finger snap apart a sheep's shoulder bone. When shooting birds and beasts, none failed to fall as he intended. By age fifteen he no longer took life; shooting and hunting all ceased. His nature was frugal and plain; he regularly wore washed clothes; saddle and bridle were iron and wood only. The emperor's refined aims were all of this kind.

史臣曰：有魏始基代朔，廓平南夏，闢壤經世，咸以威武為業，文教之事，所未遑也。高祖幼承洪緒，早著叡聖之風。時以文明攝事，優游恭己，玄覽獨得，著自不言，神契所標，固以符於冥化。及躬總大政，一日萬機，十許年間，曾不暇給，殊途同歸，百慮一致，至夫生民所難行，人倫之高迹，雖尊居黃屋，盡蹈之矣。若乃欽明稽古，協御天人，帝王制作，朝野軌度，斟酌用捨，煥乎其有文章，海內生民咸受耳目之賜。加以雄才大略，愛奇好士，視下如傷，役己利物，亦無得而稱之。其經緯天地，豈虛諡也。

The historiographer states: When Wei first based itself on the northern frontier and cleared and pacified the southern Xia, opening territory for generations, all took martial might as the enterprise; matters of civil teaching had not yet been reached. Gaozu in youth inherited the great succession and early showed the wind of sagely wisdom. At the time Empress Dowager Wencheng held affairs, at ease and reverent, with abstruse survey alone he attained it, manifest in silence; what the divine contract marked was already in accord with hidden transformation. When he personally held great government, ten thousand affairs a day—for more than ten years he had no leisure; different paths returned to one end, a hundred cares to one accord; as for what the living found hard to practice and the heights of human relations—though he honored the yellow house, he fully trod them. As for reverent clarity and examining antiquity, harmonizing Heaven and man, imperial regulation and court norms, weighing use and discarding—brilliantly he had culture; the black-haired people within the seas all received the gift of ear and eye. Added to heroic talent and great design, loving the strange and valuing scholars, viewing those below as if wounded, taxing himself to benefit things—none could name it fully. To weave Heaven and Earth—was the posthumous title empty?

校勘記

Collation notes

陽平王頤擊走之諸本「頤」都作「熙」。殿本考證云：「按熙本傳〈卷一六〉泰常六年薨，距太和十四年已五六十年矣。考天象志〈卷一０五之二〉『地豆于頻犯塞，詔征西大將軍、陽平王頤擊走之』。蓋熙與頤俱稱陽平王，音復相近，是以訛也。」按通鑑卷一三七〈四二九二頁〉正作「頤」。考異云：「帝紀作『熙』，又作『賾』，今從本傳。」當時陽平王只有頤，今據改。下文十六年八月訛作「賾」，逕改，不再出校記。

Yangping Wang Yi drove them off: in all editions "Yi" reads "Xi". Palace Edition textual verification states, "According to Xi's basic biography 〈juan 16〉 he died in the sixth year of Taichang; from the fourteenth year of Taihe it was already five or six decades. Examining the Treatise on Astral Portents 〈juan 105, part 2〉 "The Didouyu frequently raided the frontier; an edict ordered Westward Campaign Grand General Yangping Wang Yi to attack and drive them off." Because Xi and Yi were both styled Prince of Yangping and the sounds are again close, there is error." According to Zizhi tongjian juan 137 〈p. 4292〉 correctly reads "Yi." Textual variants state, "The imperial annals read 'Xi' and again read 'Ze'; now follow the basic biography." At that time there was only Yi as Prince of Yangping; now emended accordingly. Below, eighth month of the sixteenth year erroneously reads "Ze"; emended directly without further collation note.

沙門司馬惠御自言聖王北史卷三「惠御」作「御惠」。

The monk Sima Huiyu styled himself a sage king: Beishi juan 3 reads "Huiyu" as "Yuhui."

改營太廟諸本無「營」字，北史卷三魏紀三、本書卷一０八之一禮志一有。按文義當有「營」字，今據補。

Rebuilt the Grand Temple: all editions lack the character "build"; Beishi juan 3 Wei Annals 3 and this work juan 108, part 1, Treatise on Rites 1, have it. According to the sense of the text the character "build" ought to be present; now supplemented accordingly.

於東明觀折疑獄御覽卷一０三〈四九二頁〉「於」上有「上」字。按若無此字，不知誰在東明觀折疑獄。通鑑卷一三七〈四三０九頁〉作「親決疑獄」，也指元宏親自斷決。這裡當脫「上」字。

At the Eastern Brightness Observatory deciding doubtful cases: Yulan juan 103 〈p. 492〉 Above "at" is the character "the sovereign." According to the sense, without this character it is unknown who at the Eastern Brightness Observatory decided doubtful cases. Zizhi tongjian juan 137 〈p. 4309〉 reads "personally decided doubtful cases," also referring to Yuan Hong's personally judging. Here the character "the sovereign" is probably missing.

詔祀至周文於洛陽錢大昕廿二史考異〈後簡稱錢氏考異〉卷二八云：「『周文』當為『周公』之訛。」按卷一０八之一禮志一記此事，云：「周文公制禮作樂，垂範萬葉，可祀於洛陽。」這裡「周文」下脫「公」字。

Edict to sacrifice to Zhou Wen at Luoyang: Qian Daxin's Collation of Variants in the Twenty-two Histories 〈hereafter Qian's Collation〉 juan 28 states, "'Zhou Wen' ought to be error for 'Duke of Zhou.'" According to juan 108, part 1, Treatise on Rites 1, which records this matter, it states, "Duke Zhou of Zhou made rites and music, leaving model for ten thousand generations—he may be sacrificed to at Luoyang." Here below "Zhou Wen" the character "gong" is missing.

四下〈疑〉為外寢冊府卷一三〈一四八頁〉「四下」作「四合殿」。按上文太和三年，坤德六合殿成；次年，乾象六合殿成。不見「四合殿」之名。然「四下」二字必為殿名之訛脫。

Four Lower 〈doubtful〉 As outer quarters: Cefu juan 13 〈p. 148〉 "Four Lower" reads "Four-in-One Hall." According to the text above, in the third year of Taihe the Kunvirtue Four-in-One Hall was completed; the next year the Qianform Four-in-One Hall was completed. The name "Four-in-One Hall" is not seen. Yet the two characters "Four Lower" must be corruption and omission of a hall name.

詔兼員外散騎侍郎劉承叔使於蕭賾北史卷三作「兼員外散騎常侍邢巒使於齊」。通鑑卷一三八〈四三二六頁〉也作「邢巒」，而官却同魏書。趙翼陔餘叢考卷八云：「按遣使必兩人，魏書遣使皆兩人並書，北史止書正使一人，此次魏書只書劉承叔，蓋脫落正使邢巒也。」按邢巒出使事見卷六五本傳。魏遣使南朝，通例正使兼散騎常侍，副使兼散騎侍郎。劉承叔官銜就說明他是副使。又南齊書卷五七魏虜傳載太和十七年鹿樹生移文也有「會前使人邢巒等至」的話。這裏「詔」下脫去「兼員外散騎常侍邢巒」九字。

Edict that Acting Outer Office Member of Scattered Cavalry Liu Chengshu be envoy to Xiao Ze: Beishi juan 3 reads "Acting Outer Office Member of Scattered Cavalry Chang Shi envoy to Qi." Zizhi tongjian juan 138 〈p. 4326〉 also reads "Xing Luan," while the office title matches the Wei Shu. Zhao Yi's Collected Notes from the Remaining Hills juan 8 states, "According to the rule, envoys must be two men; the Wei Shu when dispatching envoys always writes two together, while the Beishi writes only the chief envoy—this time the Wei Shu writes only Liu Chengshu, surely omitting chief envoy Xing Luan." According to Xing Luan's mission it is seen in juan 65 basic biography. When Wei dispatched envoys to the southern court, the rule was chief envoy concurrent Scattered Cavalry Regular Attendant, deputy concurrent Scattered Cavalry Attendant. Liu Chengshu's office title shows he was deputy envoy. Also the Southern Qi Shu juan 57 Account of Wei Captives records that in the seventeenth year of Taihe the shifting missive of Lu Shusheng also has the words "when the former envoy Xing Luan and others arrived." Here below "edict" the nine characters "Acting Outer Office Member of Scattered Cavalry Xing Luan" are missing.

以太尉東陽王丕為太傅按上文十六年正月已云「諸遠族非太祖子孫及異姓為王者皆降為公」。元丕是遠族，卷一四本傳〈補〉說「後例降王爵，封平陽郡公」，此時不應仍稱「東陽王」。

Made Dongyang Wang Pi Grand Tutor: according to the text above, first month of the sixteenth year already states "all distant clans not descendants of Taizu and kings of other surnames were reduced to duke." Yuan Pi was of the distant clan; juan 14 basic biography 〈supplement〉 states "later by precedent the kingly rank was reduced; he was enfeoffed Duke of Pingyang commandery"—at this time he ought not still be styled "Prince of Dongyang."

課督以不諸本「課督」下無「以」字，今據冊府卷七０〈七八八頁〉補。

Supervise levies with not: all editions below "supervise levies" lack the character "with"; now according to Cefu juan 70 〈p. 788〉 supplemented.

以西北州郡旱儉卷一０五之二天象志二「西北」作「南北」。按「久旱」見上文七月，洛陽也遭受旱災，不應止稱「西北」，「西」字當為「南」之訛。

Because northwest provinces and commanderies had long drought and famine: juan 105, part 2, Treatise on Astral Portents 2 reads "northsouth" for "northwest." According to "long drought" seen in the text above in the seventh month, Luoyang also suffered drought—one ought not say only "northwest"; the character "west" is probably error for "south."

詔河南尹李崇討梁州叛羌按卷六六李崇傳，這次李崇出去鎮壓的是仇池氐楊靈珍，這裏「羌」當作「氐」。

Edict that Li Chong, governor of Henan, attack the rebellious Qiang of Liang province: according to juan 66 Li Chong biography, this time Li Chong went out to suppress the Di of Chouchi Yang Lingzhen—here "Qiang" ought to read "Di."

斬寶卷左軍將軍張于達等南齊書卷二六陳顯達傳「張于達」作「張千」。通鑑卷一四二〈四四三八頁〉本條考異云：「魏書作『張千達』，今從齊書。」則司馬光所據魏書「于」作「千」。按「千達」作「千」乃雙名單稱，疑傳本魏書「于」乃「千」之訛。

Beheaded Baojuan Left Army General Zhang Yuda and others: Southern Qi Shu juan 26 Chen Xianda biography reads "Zhang Yuda" as "Zhang Qian." Zizhi tongjian juan 142 〈p. 4438〉 Textual variants for this entry state, "The Wei Shu reads 'Zhang Qianda'; now follow the Qi Shu." Then the Wei Shu Sima Guang used had "qian" for "yu." According to "Qianda" as "Qian" it is double-name single-reference; suspect in transmitted Wei Shu "yu" is error for "qian."

不永乃志冊府卷一０〈一０八頁〉「永」作「果」。按文義作「果」較長。

Not long fulfill his aim: Cefu juan 10 〈p. 108〉 "Long" reads "fruit." According to the sense of the text, "fruit" is preferable.

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