1
世宗宣武皇帝，諱恪，高祖孝文皇帝第二子。 母曰高夫人，初，夢為日所逐，避於牀下，日化為龍，繞己數匝，寤而驚悸，既而有娠。 太和七年閏四月，生帝於平城宮。 二十一年正月甲午，立為皇太子。
Shizong, Emperor Xuanwu, bore the taboo name Ke. He was Gaozu, Emperor Xiaowen's second son. His mother was Lady Gao. At first she dreamed the sun pursued her; she hid under the bed, and the sun turned into a dragon that coiled around her several times. She awoke in shock, and afterward conceived. In the intercalary fourth month of the seventh year of Taihe, the emperor was born in the Pingcheng palace. In the twenty-first year, in the first month, on the jiawu day, he was installed as crown prince.
2
二十三年夏四月丁巳，即皇帝位于魯陽，大赦天下。 帝居諒闇，委政宰輔。 五月丙子朔，高麗國遣使朝貢。 六月乙卯，分遣侍臣巡行郡國，問民疾苦，考察守令，黜陟幽明，文武應求、道著丘園者，皆加褒禮。 戊辰，追尊皇妣曰文昭皇后。
In the twenty-third year, in the fourth month of summer, on the dingsi day, he took the throne at Luoyang and proclaimed a general amnesty throughout the realm. The emperor remained in mourning seclusion and entrusted government to chief ministers. In the fifth month, on the bingzi day, the new moon, Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. In the sixth month, on the yimao day, attendant officials were dispatched separately to tour provinces and commanderies, inquire into the people's hardships, and examine prefects and magistrates, promoting the worthy and demoting the unworthy; all civil and military men who answered the call and whose conduct was outstanding in reclusion were given enhanced honors. On the wuchen day the deceased empress mother was posthumously honored as Empress Wenzhao.
3
秋八月戊申，遵遺詔，高祖三夫人已下悉歸家。 癸丑，宮臣增位一級。 癸亥，南徐州刺史沈陵南叛。
In the eighth month of autumn, on the wushen day, following the testamentary edict, all three consorts of Gaozu and below were sent home. On the guichou day palace officials were promoted one rank. On the guihai day Shen Ling, military inspector of South Xuzhou, defected south.
4
冬十月辛未，鄧至國王像舒彭來朝。 丙戌，車駕謁長陵。 丁酉，有事於太廟。 十有一月，幽州民王惠定聚眾反，自稱明法皇帝，刺史李肅捕斬之。
In the tenth month of winter, on the xinwei day, Xiang Shupeng, king of Dengzhi, came to court. On the bingxu day the imperial carriage visited Changling. On the dingyou day sacrifice was performed at the Grand Temple. In the eleventh month the people of Youzhou, Wang Huiding, gathered a crowd and rebelled, styling himself Emperor Mingfa; Inspector Li Su captured and beheaded him.
5
夏四月丙申，彭城王勰、車騎將軍王肅大破之，斬首萬數。 己亥，皇弟恌薨。 五月甲寅，以北鎮大飢，遣兼侍中楊播巡撫賑恤。 六月丙子，司徒、彭城王勰進位大司馬，車騎將軍王肅加開府儀同三司。 癸未，大陽蠻酋田育丘等率戶內附。
In the fourth month of summer, on the bingshen day, Xie, Prince of Pengcheng, and Wang Su, general of chariots and cavalry, greatly defeated them and took heads in the tens of thousands. On the jihai day the emperor's younger brother Tiao died. In the fifth month, on the jiayin day, because of great famine in the northern garrisons, Yang Bo, acting palace attendant, was sent to tour, comfort, and relieve. In the sixth month, on the bingzi day, Xie, minister over the masses and Prince of Pengcheng, was advanced to grand marshal; Wang Su, general of chariots and cavalry, was given open office and equipage equal to the Three Directors. On the guiwei day Tian Yuqiu, Di chieftain of Dayang, and others led their households inward in submission.
6
秋七月，寶卷又遣陳伯之寇淮南。 庚子，吐谷渾國遣使朝獻。 八月乙酉，彭城王勰破伯之於肥口。 乙未，高麗國遣使朝貢。 九月乙丑，東豫州刺史田益宗破寶卷將吳子陽、鄧元起於長風。 齊州民柳世明聚眾反。
In the seventh month of autumn Bao Juan again sent Chen Bozhi to raid Huainan. On the gengzi day Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. In the eighth month, on the yiyou day, Xie, Prince of Pengcheng, defeated Bozhi at Feikou. On the yiwei day Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. In the ninth month, on the yichou day, Tian Yizong, inspector of East Yuzhou, defeated Bao Juan's generals Wu Ziyang and Deng Yuanqi at Changfeng. The people of Qizhou, Liu Shiming, gathered a crowd and rebelled.
7
是歲，十七州大飢，分遣使者開倉賑恤。 是冬，島夷蕭衍起兵東下，伐其主蕭寶卷。
That year seventeen provinces suffered great famine; envoys were dispatched separately to open granaries for relief. That winter the island barbarian Xiao Yan raised troops eastward and attacked his lord Bao Juan.
8
二年春正月丙申朔，車駕謁長陵。 庚戌，帝始親政。 遵遺詔，聽司徒、彭城王勰以王歸第。 太尉、咸陽王禧進位太保，司空、北海王詳為大將軍、錄尚書事。 丁巳，引見羣臣於太極前殿，告以覽政之意。 辛酉，高麗國遣使朝獻。 壬戌，以太保、咸陽王禧領太尉，大將軍、廣陵王羽為司徒。 [2]詔曰：「朕幼承寶曆，艱憂在疚，庶事不親，風化未洽。 今始覽政務，義協惟新，思使四方風從率善，可分遣大使，黜陟幽明。」 二月庚午，宿衞之官進位一級。 甲戌，大赦天下。 三月乙未朔，詔曰：「比年以來，連有軍旅，役務既多，百姓彫弊。 宜時矜量，以拯民瘼。 正調之外，諸妨害損民一時蠲罷。」 [3]辛亥，詔曰：「諸州刺史，不親民事，緩於督察，郡縣稽逋，旬月之間，纔一覽決。 淹獄久訟，動延時序，百姓怨嗟，方成困弊。 尚書可明條制，申下四方，令日親庶事，嚴勒守宰，不得因循，寬怠虧政。」 壬戌，詔曰：「治尚簡靜，任貴應事。 州府佐史，除板稍多，方成損弊，無益政道。 又京師百司，僚局殷雜，官有閑長者，亦同此例。 苟非稱要，悉從蠲省。」 青、齊、徐、兗四州大飢，民死者萬餘口。 是月，蕭衍立寶卷弟南康王寶融為主，年號中興，東赴建業。
In the second year, in the first month of spring, on the bingshen day, the new moon, the imperial carriage visited Changling. On the gengxu day the emperor began to govern in person. Following the testamentary edict, Xie, Prince of Pengcheng and minister over the masses, was permitted to return to his estate as a prince. Xi, grand commandant and Prince of Xianyang, was advanced to grand mentor; Xiang, minister of works and Prince of Beihai, was made grand general and recorder of the affairs of the Masters of Writing. On the dingsi day he received the assembled ministers at the Hall before the Grand Ultimate and announced his intention to oversee government. On the xinyou day Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On the renxu day Xi, grand mentor and Prince of Xianyang, was made to hold additionally the post of grand commandant; Yu, grand general and Prince of Guangling, was made minister over the masses. [2] An edict said, "We in youth received the imperial succession; sorrow and affliction weigh upon us; we have not personally handled affairs, and customs are not yet harmonized. Now we first take up government; righteousness calls for renewal; we wish to make the four quarters follow and universally do good—imperial envoys may be dispatched separately to promote the worthy and demote the unworthy." In the second month, on the gengwu day, guards of the inner palace were promoted one rank. On the jiaxu day a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. In the third month, on the yiwei day, the new moon, an edict said, "In recent years campaigns have followed one after another; corvée labor has been many, and the hundred surnames are worn down. The season calls for measured compassion to rescue the people's suffering. Beyond the regular tax levies, all temporary impositions that harm and injure the people are to be waived at once." [3] On the xinhai day an edict said, "Provincial inspectors do not personally attend to the people's affairs; they are slack in supervision; prefectures and counties accumulate arrears—in the space of ten days they barely examine and decide a case. Prolonged imprisonment and long litigation constantly delay the seasons; the hundred surnames groan in complaint and are being reduced to distress. The Masters of Writing shall set forth regulations clearly and send them down to the four quarters, ordering daily personal attention to common affairs and strict constraint on prefects and magistrates—they may not follow old habits or be lax and negligent, damaging government." On the renxu day an edict said, "Government values simplicity and stillness; appointment values responding to affairs. Provincial and prefectural subordinates and clerks—in appointments to office there are somewhat many, which becomes harm and distress and is of no benefit to the path of government. Moreover in the capital the hundred offices have crowded departments; where officials have idle supernumeraries, they follow this precedent as well. If they do not match what is essential, all are to be reduced and cut." Qing, Qi, Xu, and Yan provinces suffered great famine; more than ten thousand mouths of the people died. That month Xiao Yan installed Bao Juan's younger brother, Bao Rong, Prince of Nankang, as ruler, with era name Zhongxing, and marched east toward Jiankang.
9
夏五月壬子，廣陵王羽薨。 壬戌，太保咸陽王禧謀反，賜死。 六月丁亥，考諸州刺史，加以黜陟。
In the fifth month of summer, on the renzi day, Yu, Prince of Guangling, died. On the renxu day Xi, grand mentor and Prince of Xianyang, plotted rebellion and was granted death. In the sixth month, on the dinghai day, provincial inspectors were examined and promoted or demoted accordingly.
10
秋七月乙巳，蠕蠕犯塞。 乙未，東豫州刺史田益宗破蕭寶卷將黃天賜於赤亭。 辛酉，大赦天下。 壬戌，車騎將軍、儀同三司王肅薨。 九月丁酉，發畿內夫五萬人築京師三百二十三坊，[4]四旬而罷。 己亥，立皇后于氏。 乙卯，免壽春營戶為揚州民。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the yisi day, the Rouran raided the frontier passes. On the yiwei day Tian Yizong, inspector of East Yuzhou, defeated Bao Juan's general Huang Tiansi at Chiting. On the xinyou day a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On the renxu day Wang Su, general of chariots and cavalry with equipage equal to the Three Directors, died. In the ninth month, on the dingyou day, fifty thousand men within the capital districts were levied to build three hundred twenty-three wards of the capital [4]; the work ceased after forty days. On the jihai day the empress of the Yu clan was installed. On the yimao day garrison households of Shouchun were released and made people of Yangzhou.
11
冬十月丁卯，吐谷渾國遣使朝獻。 辛未，蕭寶卷零陵戍主華候率戶內屬。 十有一月丙申，以驃騎大將軍穆亮為司空。 丁酉，大將軍、北海王詳為太傅，領司徒。 壬寅，改築圓丘於伊水之陽。 乙卯，仍有事焉。 十二月，高麗國遣使朝貢。 是月，寶卷直後張齊殺其主寶卷降蕭衍，衍克建業。
In the tenth month of winter, on the dingmao day, Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. On the xinwei day Hua Hou, defending commander of Lingling garrison under Bao Juan, led his households inward in submission. In the eleventh month, on the bingshen day, Mu Liang, general of agile cavalry, was made minister of works. On the dingyou day Xiang, grand general and Prince of Beihai, was made grand tutor and held additionally the post of minister over the masses. On the renyin day the Circular Mound Altar was rebuilt on the south bank of the Yi River. On the yimao day sacrifice was again performed there. In the twelfth month Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. That month Bao Juan's personal attendant Zhang Qi killed his lord Bao Juan and surrendered to Xiao Yan; Yan took Jiankang.
12
三年春二月戊寅，詔曰：「自比陽旱積時，農民廢殖，寤言增愧，在予良多。 申下州郡，有骸骨暴露者，悉可埋瘞。」 三月，魯陽蠻反。 蕭寶卷弟建安王寶夤來降。
In the third year, in the second month of spring, on the wuyin day, an edict said, "Since Biyang the drought has lasted long; farmers have abandoned cultivation; upon reflection shame increases—much rests on us. Send down to provinces and commanderies: wherever bones lie exposed, all may be buried." In the third month the Luoyang barbarians rebelled. Bao Juan's younger brother, Bao Zhao, Prince of Jian'an, came to surrender.
13
秋七月癸酉，于闐國遣使朝獻。 詔加文官從征顯達宿衞者二階，閑散者一階。 八月癸卯，蕭寶融鎮南大將軍、江州刺史陳伯之遣使請降。 乙卯，以前太傅、平陽公丕為三老。 九月丁巳，車駕行幸鄴。 丁卯，詔使者弔殷比干墓。 戊寅，閱武於鄴南。 庚辰，武興國世子楊紹先遣使朝獻。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the guiyou day, Khotan sent envoys with tribute. An edict advanced civil officials who had followed campaigns with distinction or served in the inner guard two ranks, and those in idle posts one rank. In the eighth month, on the guimao day, Chen Bozhi, Bao Rong's general who guards the south and inspector of Yangzhou, sent envoys requesting surrender. On the yimao day Pi, the former grand tutor and Duke of Pingyang, was made one of the Three Elders. In the ninth month, on the dingsi day, the imperial carriage traveled to Ye. On the dingmao day an edict ordered envoys to offer condolences at the tomb of Yin Bi Gan. On the wuyin day a military review was held south of Ye. On the gengchen day Yang Shaoxian, heir of Wuxing, sent envoys with tribute.
14
冬十月庚子，帝親射，遠及一里五十步，羣臣勒銘於射所。 甲辰，車駕還宮。 十有一月己卯，詔：「京洛兵蕪，歲踰十紀。 先皇定鼎舊都，惟新魏曆，翦掃榛荒，創茲雲構，鴻功茂績，規模長遠。 今廟社乃建，宮極斯崇，便當以來月中旬，蠲吉徙御。 仰尋遺意，感慶交衷。 既禮盛周宣斯干之制，事高漢祖壯麗之儀，可依典故，備茲考告，以稱遐邇人臣之望。」 十有二月戊子，詔曰：「民本農桑，國重蠶籍，粢盛所憑，冕織攸寄。 比京邑初基，耕桑暫缺，遺規往旨，宜必祗修。 今寢殿顯成，移御維始，春郊無遠，拂羽有辰。 便可表營千畝，開設宮壇，秉耒援筐，躬勸億兆。」 壬寅，饗羣臣于太極前殿，賜布帛有差，以初成也。 甲辰，揚州破蕭衍將張囂之，斬級二千。
In the tenth month of winter, on the gengzi day, the emperor shot in person, the distance reaching one li and fifty paces; the assembled ministers had an inscription cut at the archery ground. On the jiachen day the imperial carriage returned to the palace. In the eleventh month, on the jimao day, an edict said, "Luoyang has lain in military ruin, years exceeding ten reign-periods. The late emperor fixed the tripod at the old capital and renewed the Wei calendar; he cleared away thorns and wilderness and founded these cloud-structures—great merit and abundant achievement, planning far ahead. Now the altars of soil and grain are established and the palace pole rises high; we should in the middle of this coming month choose an auspicious day to move the court. Looking up we seek the testamentary intent; joy and emotion meet in the breast. This is ritual as grand as King Xuan of Zhou's "Dry Bank," and ceremony as high as Han Founder's splendid rites; according to precedent one may complete the solemn announcement, to answer the hope of subjects near and far." In the twelfth month, on the wuzi day, an edict said, "The people root in farming and sericulture; the state weighs mulberry registers; the vessels of grain depend on them; the court robes rest on them. When the capital was first founded, farming and sericulture were for a time lacking; the departed regulations and former aims ought surely to be reverently maintained. Now the residence halls are manifestly complete and the move of the court is just beginning; the spring suburban sacrifice is not far off; the day to brush the plow has its season. We may memorialize to establish the thousand-acre field and open the palace altar; holding the plow and carrying the basket, we shall personally urge the hundred million." On the renyin day the assembled ministers were feasted at the Hall before the Grand Ultimate; cloth and silk were given in grades, because the work was newly finished. On the jiachen day Yangzhou defeated Xiao Yan's general Zhang Xizhi and took more than two thousand heads.
15
是歲，疏勒、罽賓、婆羅捺、烏萇、阿喻陁、羅婆、不崙、陁拔羅、弗波女提、斯羅、噠舍、伏耆奚那太、羅槃、烏稽、悉萬斤、朱居槃、訶盤陁、撥斤、厭味、朱沴洛、南天竺、持沙那斯頭諸國並遣使朝貢。 [5]河州大飢，死者二千餘口。
That year Shule, Jibin, Boluona, Wuchang, Ayutuo, Luopo, Bulun, Tuobaluo, Fubonüti, Siluo, Dashe, Fuqixinatai, Luopan, Wuji, Xiwangjin, Zhujupan, Hepantu, Bojin, Yanmei, Zhuzhenluo, South Tianzhu, Chishanasi, and other states all sent envoys with tribute. [5] Hezhou suffered great famine; more than two thousand died.
16
四年春正月乙亥，車駕籍田於千畝。 梁州氐楊會反。 詔行梁州事楊椿、左將軍羊祉討之。 三月己巳，皇后先蠶於北郊。 庚辰，揚州破蕭衍將於陰山，斬其龍驤將軍吳道爽等數千級。 [6]
In the fourth year, in the first month of spring, on the yihai day, the imperial carriage performed the plowing ceremony at the thousand-acre field. The Di of Liangzhou, Yang Hui, rebelled. An edict ordered Yang Chun, acting for Liangzhou affairs, and Yang Zhi, general of the left, to punish them. In the third month, on the jisi day, the empress performed the first silkworm rite at the northern suburb. On the gengchen day Yangzhou defeated Xiao Yan's general at Yinshan and took the heads of his general of the dragon cavalry Wu Daoshuang and others, several thousand in all. The text is deficient.
17
夏四月癸未朔，以蕭寶夤為鎮東將軍、東揚州刺史，封丹陽郡開國公、齊王。 庚寅，南天竺國獻辟支佛牙。 戊戌，詔曰：「酷吏為禍，綿古同患； 孝婦淫刑，東海燋壤。 今不雨十旬，意者其有冤獄乎？ 尚書鞫京師見囚，務盡聽察之理。」 己亥，帝以旱減膳徹懸。 辛丑，澍雨大洽。 五月甲戌，楊椿、羊祉大破反氐，斬首數千級。 六月壬午朔，封皇弟悅為汝南王。 丙戌，發冀、定、瀛、相、并、濟六州二萬人、馬千匹，增配壽春。
In the fourth month of summer, on the guiwei day, the new moon, Bao Zhao was made general who guards the east and military inspector of East Yangzhou, enfeoffed as Duke of Danyang, state founding, and Prince of Qi. On the gengyin day South Tianzhu presented a pratyeka-buddha tooth. On the wuxu day an edict said, "Cruel officials bring calamity—a chronic ill since antiquity; the filial wife and wanton punishment scorched the soil of Donghai. Now rain has failed for ten dekads—might there be wrongful imprisonments? The Masters of Writing shall examine prisoners in the capital, striving to exhaust the principle of thorough hearing." On the jihai day, because of drought, the emperor reduced his meals and removed suspended music. On the xinchou day timely rain fell in great abundance. In the fifth month, on the jiaxu day, Yang Chun and Yang Zhi greatly defeated the rebel Di and took heads in the thousands. In the sixth month, on the renwu day, the new moon, the emperor's younger brother Yue was enfeoffed as Prince of Runan. On the bingxu day from Ji, Ding, Ying, Xiang, Bing, and Ji provinces twenty thousand men and a thousand horses were levied and added to reinforce Shouchun.
18
秋七月乙卯，三老、平陽公丕薨。 庚午，詔還收鹽池利以入公。 辛未，以彭城王勰為太師。 八月庚子，以吏部尚書元英假鎮南將軍，攻蕭衍義陽。 勿吉國貢楛矢。 辛丑，行幸河南城離宮。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the yimao day, Pi, one of the Three Elders and Duke of Pingyang, died. On the gengwu day an edict restored collection of salt-pond profits to the public treasury. On the xinwei day Xie, Prince of Pengcheng, was made grand preceptor. In the eighth month, on the gengzi day, Yuan Ying, minister of the Masters of Writing, was made acting general who guards the south and attacked Xiao Yan's Yiyang. The state of Mohe presented hardwood arrows. On the xinchou day the court traveled to the detached palace at Henancheng.
19
冬十有一月壬子，揚州大破蕭衍軍，斬其徐州刺史潘佃憐，擒司馬明素。 [7]己未，以武興國世子楊紹先為其國王。 癸亥，詔尚書左僕射源懷撫勞代都、北鎮，隨方拯恤。 乙亥，鎮南將軍元英大破蕭衍將吳子陽於白沙，擒斬千數。 十有二月庚寅，詔鎮南將軍李崇討東荊反蠻。 丙申，詔曰：「先朝制立軌式，庶事惟允。 但歲積人移，物情乖惰。 比或擅有增損，廢墜不行； 或守舊遺宜，時有舛妨； 或職分錯亂，互相推委。 其下百司，列其疑闕，速以奏聞。」 癸卯，蕭衍梁州刺史平陽縣開國侯翟遠、徐州刺史永昌縣開國侯陳虎牙降。 [8]
In the eleventh month of winter, on the renzi day, Yangzhou greatly defeated Xiao Yan's army, beheaded his inspector of Xuzhou Pan Dianling, and captured Sima Mingsu. [7] On the jiwei day Yang Shaoxian, heir of Wuxing, was made king of his state. On the guihai day an edict ordered Yuan Huai, left vice director of the Masters of Writing, to comfort and encourage the relocated capital and northern garrisons, relieving according to local conditions. On the yihai day Yuan Ying, general who guards the south, greatly defeated Xiao Yan's general Wu Ziyang at Baisha and captured and beheaded thousands. In the twelfth month, on the gengyin day, an edict ordered Li Chong, general who guards the south, to punish the rebel barbarians of East Jing. On the bingshen day an edict said, "The former court established models and standards so that all affairs might be fitting. But years accumulate and people shift; sentiment turns slack and indolent. Some presumptuously make additions and subtractions and let things fall into disuse without enforcement; some cling to old survivals that no longer suit the time and at times cause harm; some have duties confused and disorderly and push responsibility onto one another. Let the hundred offices below list their doubts and gaps and report quickly to the throne." On the guimao day Zhai Yuan, Xiao Yan's acting inspector of Liangzhou and Marquis of Pingyang county, state founding, and Chen Huya, inspector of Xuzhou and Marquis of Yongchang county, state founding, surrendered. The text is deficient.
20
夏四月辛卯，高麗國遣使朝獻。 五月丁未朔，太傅、北海王詳以罪廢為庶人。 六月，以旱徹樂減膳。 癸巳，詔曰：「朕以匪德，政刑多舛，陽旱歷旬，京甸枯瘁，在予之責，夙宵疚懷。 有司可循案舊典，祗行六事：囹圄冤滯，平處決之； 庶尹廢職，量加修舉； 鰥寡困窮，在所存恤； 役賦殷煩，咸加蠲省； 賢良讜直，以禮進之，貪殘佞諛，時加屏黜； 男女怨曠，務令媾會。 稱朕意焉。」 甲午，帝以旱親薦享於太廟。 戊戌，詔立周旦、夷齊廟於首陽山。 庚子，以旱見公卿已下，引咎責躬。 又錄京師見囚，殊死已下皆減一等，鞭杖之坐悉皆原之。
In the fourth month of summer, on the xinmao day, Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. In the fifth month, on the dingwei day, the new moon, Xiang, grand tutor and Prince of Beihai, was degraded to commoner for his crime. In the sixth month, because of drought, music was withdrawn and meals reduced. On the guisi day an edict said, "We, lacking in virtue, have many errors in government and punishments; yang drought has lasted ten dekads; the capital districts are withered and parched—the blame rests on us, and we are guilty before dawn and dusk. The relevant offices may follow and examine the old canon and reverently carry out six measures: wrongful detention in prisons—release and decide fairly; common heads who neglect duty—measure and promote repair; widowers and the solitary poor—wherever they are, preserve and relieve; corvée and tax burdens heavy and troublesome—all add waivers and reductions; the worthy and upright who speak frankly—advance them with ritual; the greedy, cruel, flattering, and sycophantic—at times remove and dismiss them; men and women long separated in resentment—see that they are joined in marriage. Thus answer our intent." On the jiawu day, because of drought, the emperor personally offered at the Grand Temple. On the wuxu day an edict established temples to the Duke of Zhou and to Boyi and Shuqi on Mount Shouyang. On the gengzi day, because of drought, he received the dukes and ministers and below, taking blame upon himself. He also reviewed prisoners in the capital; all below the death penalty were reduced one grade, and those liable to flogging and cudgeling were entirely pardoned.
21
秋七月癸丑，蕭衍角城戍主柴慶宗以城來降。 李崇大破諸蠻帥樊素安。 八月丙子，元英破蕭衍將馬仙琕於義陽。 詔洛陽令有大事聽面敷奏。 乙酉，元英攻義陽，拔之，擒送蕭衍冠軍將軍蔡靈恩等十餘將。 辛卯，英又大破衍將，仍清三關。 丁酉，封元英為中山王。 戊戌，西羌宋萬率戶四千內附。 九月丙午，詔緣淮南北所在鎮戍，皆令及秋播麥，春種粟稻，隨其土宜，水陸兼用，必使地無遺利，兵無餘力，比及來稔，令公私俱濟也。 又詔諸州蠲停徭役，不得橫有徵發。 甲子，詔中山王英所執蕭衍冠軍將軍、監司州事蔡靈恩等隨才擢敍，乙丑，蕭衍霍州刺史田道龍、義州刺史張宗之遣使內附。 蠕蠕犯塞，詔左僕射源懷討之。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the guichou day, Chai Qingzong, Jiaocheng garrison commander under Xiao Yan, brought the city to surrender. Li Chong greatly defeated the barbarian chieftain Fan Su'an. In the eighth month, on the bingzi day, Yuan Ying defeated Xiao Yan's general Ma Xianbi at Yiyang. An edict allowed the prefect of Luoyang, on great affairs, to be heard in personal memorial at court. On the yiyou day Yuan Ying attacked Yiyang, took it, and sent captive Cai Ling'en, Xiao Yan's general who champions, and more than ten generals. On the xinmao day Ying again greatly defeated Yan's generals and cleared the three passes. On the dingyou day Yuan Ying was enfeoffed as Prince of Zhongshan. On the wuxu day the western Qiang Song Wan led four thousand households inward in submission. In the ninth month, on the bingwu day, an edict ordered garrisons north and south along the Huai to sow wheat by autumn and plant millet and rice in spring according to local suitability, using both land and water, so that the land yields without waste and troops without surplus strength—by the coming harvest both public and private may be aided alike. Another edict ordered all provinces to suspend corvée levies and not presumptuously impose extra collections. On the jiazi day an edict ordered that Cai Ling'en and others, Xiao Yan's general who champions and acting overseer of Si province, whom Prince of Zhongshan Ying had captured, be promoted according to talent; on the yichou day Tian Daolong, Xiao Yan's inspector of Huo province, and Zhang Zongzhi, inspector of Yi province, sent envoys inward in submission. The Rouran raided the frontier; an edict ordered Yuan Huai, left vice director, to punish them.
22
冬十月乙未，詔斷羣官白衣募吏。 十有一月戊午，詔曰：「古之哲王，創業垂統，安民立化，莫不崇建膠序，開訓國冑，昭宣三禮，崇明四術，使道暢羣邦，風流萬宇。 自皇基徙構，光宅中區，軍國務殷，未遑經建，靖言思之，有慚古烈。 可敕有司依漢魏舊章，營繕國學。」 十有二月丙子，以苑牧公田分賜代遷之戶。 己卯，詔羣臣議定律令。 己亥，行幸伊闕。 閏月癸卯朔，蕭衍行梁州事夏侯道遷據漢中來降，假尚書邢巒鎮西將軍，率眾以赴之。 乙丑，驃騎大將軍、高陽王雍為司空，尚書令、廣陽王嘉加儀同三司。
In the tenth month of winter, on the yiwei day, an edict forbade officials in plain dress from recruiting clerks. In the eleventh month, on the wuwu day, an edict said, "The sage kings of old, founding enterprise and handing down succession, settling the people and establishing transformation, all honored the glue-and-lin academies, opened instruction for the imperial scions, made bright the three rites, and exalted the four arts, so that the Way pervaded the myriad states and influence flowed to the ten thousand realms. Since the imperial foundation moved and was re-established in the central region, military and state affairs have been pressing and the classics could not yet be built—reflecting on this, we are ashamed before the ancient exemplars. Let the relevant offices, following Han and Wei old statutes, repair and build the National University." In the twelfth month, on the bingzi day, park and pasture public fields were divided and given to households of the relocated capital. On the jimao day an edict ordered the assembled ministers to deliberate on fixing laws and ordinances. On the jihai day the court traveled to Yique. On the guimao day of the intercalary month, the new moon, Xiahou Daqian, Xiao Yan's acting inspector of Liangzhou, held Hanzhong and came to surrender; Xing Luan, acting master of writing, was made acting general who pacifies the west and led troops to go to him. On the yichou day Yong, general of agile cavalry and Prince of Gaoyang, was made minister of works; Jia, master of writing and Prince of Guangyang, was given equipage equal to the Three Directors.
23
二年春正月丙子，以宕昌國世子梁彌博為其國王。 鄧至國遣使朝貢。 二月，梁州氐反，絕漢中運路。 刺史邢巒頻大破之。
In the second year, in the first month of spring, on the bingzi day, Liang Mibo, heir of Dangchang, was made king of his state. The state of Dengzhi sent envoys with tribute. In the second month the Di of Liangzhou rebelled and cut the Hanzhong supply route. Inspector Xing Luan repeatedly greatly defeated them.
24
夏四月己未，城陽王鸞薨。 乙丑，詔曰：「任賢明治，自昔通規，宣風贊務，實惟多士。 而中正所銓，但存門第，吏部彝倫，仍不才舉。 遂使英德罕昇，司務多滯。 不精厥選，將何考陟？ 八座可審議往代貢士之方，擢賢之體，必令才學並申，資望兼致。」 丙寅，以仇池氐叛，詔光祿大夫楊椿假平西將軍，率眾以討之。
In the fourth month of summer, on the jiwei day, Luan, Prince of Chengyang, died. On the yichou day an edict said, "Appointing the worthy to illumine government is a constant rule since old; proclaiming influence and aiding affairs truly depends on many officers. Yet what the Rectifiers select preserves only family status; the Masters of Writing in their ordering still do not raise men for talent. Thus outstanding virtue rarely rises and office affairs are much delayed. If the selection is not refined, how shall promotion be examined? The Eight Seats shall deliberate the methods of former ages for presenting scholars and the forms for elevating the worthy, so that talent and learning are both displayed and qualification and standing both attained." On the bingyin day, because the Di of Chouchi rebelled, an edict ordered Yang Chun, grand master of splendor and acting general who pacifies the west, to lead troops to punish them.
25
邢巒遣統軍王足西伐，頻破蕭衍諸軍，遂入劍閣，執衍輔國將軍范始男送京師。 五月辛巳，氐賊□虎率眾降。
Xing Luan sent Commander Wang Zu on a western campaign and repeatedly defeated Xiao Yan's armies, entered Jianmen Pass, and sent captive Fan Shinan, Xiao Yan's general who assists the state, to the capital. In the fifth month, on the xinsi day, the Di bandit Hu led his hosts to surrender.
26
六月己丑，詔曰：「先朝勳臣，或身罹譴黜，子孫沉滯； 或宦途失次，有替舊流，因而弗採，何以奬勸？ 言念前績，情有親疏。 宗及庶族，祖曾功績可紀，而無朝官，有官而才堪優引者，隨才銓授。」
In the sixth month, on the jichou day, an edict said, "Meritorious ministers of the former court—some personally suffered punishment and demotion, and their descendants sank into obscurity; some lost proper sequence on the official path and fell from the old stream—because of this they were not selected; how shall encouragement be offered? Speaking of former achievement, feeling has its near and far. Among the clan and common kindred, where the achievements of grandfather, great-grandfather, and father can be recorded yet there is no court office—or there is office and talent suffices for exceptional promotion—let appointment follow talent."
27
甲寅，蕭衍冠軍將軍李畋等置營始平郡東，[9]涪水之北。 王足逆擊敗之，斬衍冠軍將軍張湯，輔國將軍馬市，寧朔將軍李當、姜見祖，輔國將軍馮文豪，龍驤將軍何營之等。 甲子，詔尚書李崇、太府卿于忠、散騎常侍游肇、諫議大夫鄧羨，崇、忠使持節並兼侍中，羨兼黃門，俱為大使，糾斷外州畿內，其守令之徒咎失彰露者，即便施決，州鎮重職，聽為表聞。
On the jiayin day Li Tian, Xiao Yan's general who champions, and others set camp east of Shiping commandery, [9] north of the Fu River. Wang Zu met and defeated them, beheading Zhang Tang, Xiao Yan's general who champions, Ma Shi, general who assists the state, Li Dang and Jiang Jianzu, generals who calm the north, Feng Wenhao, general who assists the state, He Yingzhi, general of the dragon cavalry, and others. On the jiazi day an edict ordered Li Chong, master of writing, Yu Zhong, minister of the imperial treasury, You Zhao, regular attendant, and Deng Xian, remonstrator and critic—Chong and Zhong with staffs of authority and additionally palace attendants, Xian additionally yellow gate—all as great envoys to investigate and decide within the outer provinces and inside the capital districts; where prefects, magistrates, and the like had exposed faults and losses, they were at once to execute judgment; for weighty posts in provinces and garrisons, memorials were permitted.
28
乙丑，蕭衍冠軍將軍王景胤、輔國將軍魯方達等攻竹亭，王足大破之，斬其輔國將軍王明達、龍驤將軍張方熾。
On the yichou day Wang Jingyin, Xiao Yan's general who champions, Lu Fangda, general who assists the state, and others attacked Zhuting; Wang Zu greatly defeated them and beheaded Wang Mingda, general who assists the state, and Zhang Fangchi, general of the dragon cavalry.
29
丁卯，揚州刺史薛真度大破蕭衍將王超宗，俘斬三千級。
On the dingmao day Xue Zhendu, military inspector of Yangzhou, greatly defeated Xiao Yan's general Wang Chaozong and captured and beheaded three thousand.
30
戊辰，蕭衍將魯方達屯戍新城，足又遣統軍盧祖遷等擊敗之，斬衍冠軍將軍楊伯仁、寧朔將軍任安定。
On the wuchen day Lu Fangda, Xiao Yan's general, garrisoned and defended Xincheng; Zu again sent Lu Zuqian, commander, and others to defeat them and beheaded Yang Boren, Xiao Yan's general who champions, and Ren Anding, general who calms the north.
31
秋七月甲戌，詔曰：「朕纂馭寶曆，於今七載，德澤未敷，鑒不燭遠，人之冤瘼，所在猶滋，而糾察之獄未暢于下，賢愚靡分，皂白均貫，非所以革民耳目，使善惡勵心。 今分遣大使，省方巡檢，隨其愆負與風響相符者，即加糾黜，以明雷霆之威，以申旄軒之舉，因以觀風辨俗，採訪功過，褒賞賢者，糾罰淫慝，理窮恤弊，以稱朕心。」
In the seventh month of autumn, on the jiaxu day, an edict said, "We have inherited and steered the imperial succession; for seven years now virtue has not spread abroad and the mirror does not illumine far—people's wrongs and suffering still flourish wherever one looks, yet the prisons of investigation do not flow freely below, worthy and foolish are not distinguished, black and white run together—this is not how to renew the people's eyes and ears and make good and evil stir the heart. Now great envoys are dispatched separately to inspect provinces, touring and examining; wherever fault and burden match local reputation, add investigation and dismissal at once, to display the thunder's majesty and extend the bannered carriage's action—thereby observing customs and distinguishing practices, gathering reports of merit and fault, rewarding the worthy, punishing the licentious and wicked, exhausting reason and relieving distress, to answer our heart."
32
戊子，王足擊破蕭衍軍，斬其龍驤將軍喻增暉、寧朔將軍庫保壽、輔國將軍魯天惠、建武將軍王文標。 王足逼涪城，壬辰，蕭衍巴西太守庾域，冠軍將軍、統軍主李畋等逆戰，足擊破之，俘斬千數。
On the wuzi day Wang Zu defeated Xiao Yan's army and beheaded Yu Zenghui, general of the dragon cavalry, Ku Baoshou, general who calms the north, Lu Tianhui, general who assists the state, and Wang Wenbiao, general who establishes martial prowess. Wang Zu pressed Fucheng; on the renchen day Yu Yu, Xiao Yan's administrator of Baxi, Li Tian, general who champions and army commander, and others met in battle; Zu defeated them and captured and beheaded thousands.
33
八月壬寅，詔中山王英南討襄、沔。
In the eighth month, on the renyin day, an edict ordered Ying, Prince of Zhongshan, on a southern campaign against Xiang and Mian.
34
庚戌，王足遣統軍紀洪雅、盧祖遷等攻破衍軍，斬其秦梁二州刺史魯方達等十五人。 壬子，王足又遣統軍盧祖遷等擊破衍軍，斬其都督、冠軍將軍、梓潼縣開國子王景胤，劉達等二十四將軍。
On the gengxu day Wang Zu sent Ji Hongya and Lu Zuqian, commanders, and others to defeat Yan's army and beheaded Lu Fangda, Xiao Yan's inspectors of Qin and Liang provinces, and fourteen others. On the renzi day Wang Zu again sent Lu Zuqian, commander, and others to defeat Yan's army and beheaded Wang Jingyin, area commander, general who champions, and Marquis of Zitong county, state founding, Liu Da, and twenty-four generals.
35
甲寅，揚州擊衍將姜慶真於羊石，破之。 是月，衍沔東太守田青喜率郡七、縣三十一、戶萬九十內附。 九月己巳，揚州刺史元嵩擊破衍湘州刺史楊公則等，斬獲數千。
On the jiayin day Yangzhou attacked Jiang Qingzhen, Xiao Yan's general, at Yangshi and defeated him. That month Tian Qingxi, Xiao Yan's administrator east of the Mian, led seven commanderies, thirty-one counties, and ten thousand ninety households inward in submission. In the ninth month, on the jisi day, Yuan Song, military inspector of Yangzhou, defeated Yang Gongze, Xiao Yan's inspector of Xiangzhou, and others and captured and beheaded several thousand.
36
冬十有一月戊辰朔，武興國王楊紹先叔父集起謀反，詔光祿大夫楊椿討之。
In the eleventh month of winter, on the wuchen day, the new moon, Jiqing, uncle of Yang Shaoxian, king of Wuxing, plotted rebellion; an edict ordered Yang Chun, grand master of splendor, to punish him.
37
王足圍涪城，益州諸郡戍降者十二三，民送編籍者五萬餘戶。 既而足引軍而退。 十有二月庚申，又詔驃騎大將軍源懷慎，[10]令討武興反氐。
Wang Zu besieged Fucheng; of garrisons in the Yi provinces twelve or thirteen surrendered, and the people sent household registers—more than fifty thousand households. Soon after Zu withdrew his army. In the twelfth month, on the gengshen day, again an edict ordered Yuan Huai, general of agile cavalry, to be cautious [10] and sent him to punish the rebel Di of Wuxing.
38
三年春正月丁卯朔，皇子生，大赦天下。 壬申，梁秦二州刺史邢巒連破氐賊，克武興。 蕭衍冀州刺史桓和入寇南青州，州軍擊走之。
In the third year, in the first month of spring, on the dingmao day, the new moon, an imperial son was born and a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On the renshen day Xing Luan, military inspector of Liang and Qin provinces, repeatedly defeated the Di bandits and took Wuxing. Xiao Yan's inspector of Ji province Huan He entered to raid South Qing province; the provincial army drove him off.
39
秦州民王灋智等聚眾二千自號王公，尋推秦州主簿呂苟兒為主，年號建明。
The people of Qinzhou, Wang Fazhi and others, gathered a crowd of two thousand and styled themselves kings; soon they made Lü Gou'er, Qinzhou registrar, lord, with era name Jianming.
40
己卯，楊集起兄弟相率降。 二月丙辰，詔曰：「昔虞戒面從，昌言屢進； 周任諫輔，王闕必箴。 朕仰纘鴻基，伏膺寶曆，思康庶績，一日萬幾，是以側望忠言，虛求讜直。 而良策弗進，規畫無聞，豈所謂弼諧元首，匡救不逮者乎？ 可詔王公已下，其有嘉謀深圖、直言忠諫、利國便民、矯時厲俗者，咸令指事陳奏，無或依違。」 戊午，詔右衞將軍元麗等討呂苟兒。 乙丑，平南將軍陳伯之破蕭衍徐州刺史昌義之於梁城。 是月，衍將蕭昞率眾五萬寇淮陽。 三月己巳，以戎旅大興，詔罷諸作。 己卯，詔荊州刺史趙怡、平南將軍奚康生赴淮陽。 樂良王長命坐殺人賜死，國除。 戊子，名皇子曰昌。 庚寅，平南將軍、曲江縣開國公陳伯之自梁城南奔。
On the jimao day Yang Jiqing and his brothers led one another in surrender. In the second month, on the bingchen day, an edict said, "Of old Yu warned against fair words to the face while secret words are repeatedly offered; the Zhou officer charged with remonstrance was to admonish—where the king had gaps, he must needle them. We look up to continue the great foundation and bow to receive the imperial succession, thinking to bring peace to the myriad tasks, ten thousand affairs in a day—therefore we turn aside to await loyal words and emptyly seek straight counsel. Yet good plans do not advance and schemes are unheard—can this be called harmonizing the chief, remedying what does not reach? Let dukes and princes and below be issued an edict: whoever has excellent plans and deep designs, frank words and loyal remonstrance, benefit to the state and convenience to the people, or correction of the age and sternness to custom—all are to point to the matter and memorialize; none may hedge." On the wuwu day an edict ordered Yuan Li, right guards general, and others to punish Lü Gou'er. On the yichou day Chen Bozhi, general who pacifies the south, defeated Chang Yizhi, Xiao Yan's inspector of Xuzhou, at Liangcheng. That month Xiao Min, Xiao Yan's general, led fifty thousand men to raid Huaiyang. In the third month, on the jisi day, because the army was greatly raised, an edict halted all construction. On the jimao day an edict ordered Zhao Yi, inspector of Jing province, and Xi Kangsheng, general who pacifies the south, to go to Huaiyang. Zhangming, Prince of Lelang, was sentenced to death for killing a man; the state was abolished. On the wuzi day the imperial son was named Chang. On the gengyin day Chen Bozhi, general who pacifies the south and Marquis of Qujiang county, state founding, fled south from Liangcheng.
41
夏四月乙未，[11]詔罷鹽池禁。 甲辰，詔遣使者巡慰北邊酋庶。 庚戌，以中山王英為征南將軍、都督揚徐二道諸軍事，指授邊將。 蕭衍江州刺史王茂先寇荊州，屯於河南城，詔平南將軍楊大眼討之。 辛酉，大破之，斬其輔國將軍王花，首虜二千餘。 進攻河南城，茂先逃潰，追奔至於漢水，拔其五城。 將軍宇文福略衍司州，俘獲千餘口而還。 五月乙丑朔，詔尚書拯義陽初附之戶。 丙寅，詔曰：「掩骼埋胔，古之令典，順辰修令，朝之恒式。 今時澤未降，春稼已旱。 或有孤老餒疾，無人贍救，因以致死，暴露溝塹者，洛陽部尉依法棺埋。」 壬申，蕭衍將張惠紹入寇，陷宿豫。 乙亥，衍將蕭容陷梁城。 [12]辛巳，衍將韋叡陷合肥城。 壬午，詔尚書元遙率眾南討。
In the fourth month of summer, on the yiwei day, [11] an edict abolished the salt-pond prohibition. On the jiachen day an edict dispatched envoys to tour and comfort chieftains and commoners of the northern frontier. On the gengxu day Ying, Prince of Zhongshan, was made general who campaigns south and area commander of all military affairs on the Yang and Xu circuits, instructing frontier generals. Wang Mao, Xiao Yan's inspector of Jiangzhou, first raided Jing province and encamped at Henancheng; an edict ordered Yang Dayan, general who pacifies the south, to punish him. On the xinyou day he greatly defeated them and beheaded Wang Hua, general who assists the state; heads and captives exceeded two thousand. He advanced to attack Henancheng; Mao first fled in rout; pursuit ran to the Han River and took his five cities. General Yuwen Fu raided Xiao Yan's Si province, captured more than a thousand mouths, and returned. In the fifth month, on the yichou day, the new moon, an edict ordered the Masters of Writing to relieve the households newly attached at Yiyang. On the bingyin day an edict said, "Covering bones and burying flesh is an ancient statute; following the season to repair ordinances is the court's constant form. Now seasonal rain has not yet fallen and spring crops are already drought-stricken. Some solitary elderly starve or fall ill with no one to support them and thus die, exposed in ditches and moats—the Luoyang commandery captain shall bury them in coffins according to law." On the renshen day Zhang Huishao, Xiao Yan's general, entered to raid and took Suyu. On the yihai day Xiao Rong, Xiao Yan's general, took Liangcheng. [12] On the xinsi day Wei Rui, Xiao Yan's general, took Hefei fortress. On the renwu day an edict ordered Yuan Yao, master of writing, to lead troops south to punish.
42
癸未，以秦隴未平，詔征西將軍于勁節度諸軍。
On the guiwei day, because Qin and Long were not yet pacified, an edict ordered Yu Jin, general who campaigns west, to coordinate all armies.
43
己丑，衍將又陷羊石、霍丘二城。 六月辛丑，又陷小峴戍。
On the jichou day Xiao Yan's generals again took Yangshi and Huoqiu fortresses. In the sixth month, on the xinchou day, they again took Xiaoxian garrison.
44
乙巳，安西將軍元麗大破秦賊，斬賊帥王灋智五人，梟首六千。
On the yisi day Yuan Li, acting general who pacifies the west, greatly defeated the Qin bandits, beheaded five bandit chiefs including Wang Fazhi, and exposed six thousand heads.
45
丁未，假平南將軍奚康生破蕭衍將張惠紹，斬其徐州刺史宋黑。 丁巳，詔尚書邢巒出討徐兗。
On the dingwei day Xi Kangsheng, acting general who pacifies the south, defeated Zhang Huishao, Xiao Yan's general, and beheaded Song Hei, inspector of Xuzhou. On the dingsi day an edict ordered Xing Luan, master of writing, to go out and punish Xu and Yan.
46
秋七月丙寅，衍將桓和寇孤山，陷固城。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the bingyin day, Huan He, Xiao Yan's general, raided Gushan and took Gucheng.
47
庚辰，元麗大破秦賊，降呂苟兒及其王公三十餘人，秦涇二州平。
On the gengchen day Yuan Li greatly defeated the Qin bandits, and Lü Gou'er and his kings and dukes, more than thirty men, surrendered; Qin and Jing provinces were pacified.
48
戊子，中山王英大破衍徐州刺史王伯敖於陰陵，斬其將二十五人，首虜五千有餘。 己丑，詔發定、冀、瀛、相、并、肆六州十萬人以濟南軍。 八月壬寅，安東將軍邢巒破蕭衍將桓和於孤山，斬首萬餘級。 將軍元恒別克固城，斬衍冠軍將軍桓方慶。 統軍畢祖朽別克蒙山，斬衍龍驤將軍矯道儀等，斬賊及赴沂死者四千餘人。 兗州平。 己酉，詔平南將軍、安樂王詮督後發諸軍以赴淮南。 壬戌，曲赦涇、秦、岐、涼、河五州。 九月癸酉，邢巒大破衍軍於宿豫，斬其大將藍懷恭等四十餘人。 張惠紹棄宿豫，蕭昞棄淮陽南走，追斬數萬級。 徐州平。 己丑，中山王英大破衍軍於淮南，衍中軍大將軍、臨川王蕭宏，尚書右僕射柳惔，徐州刺史昌義之等棄梁城沿淮東走。 追奔次於馬頭，衍冠軍將軍、戍主朱思遠棄城宵遁，擒送衍將四十餘人，斬獲士卒五萬有餘。 英遂攻鍾離。 高麗國遣使朝貢。 蕭衍遣將士卒三萬寇義陽。 丁酉，夜遁走，郢州刺史婁悅追擊，破之。 戊申，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 己未，征虜將軍趙遐大破衍眾於灙城桑坪。
On the wuzi day Ying, Prince of Zhongshan, greatly defeated Wang Bo'ao, Xiao Yan's inspector of Xuzhou, at Yinling, beheaded twenty-five of his generals, and took heads and captives exceeding five thousand. On the jichou day an edict levied one hundred thousand men from Ding, Ji, Ying, Xiang, Bing, and Si provinces to reinforce the southern army. In the eighth month, on the renyin day, Xing Luan, general who pacifies the east, defeated Huan He, Xiao Yan's general, at Gushan and took heads exceeding ten thousand. General Yuan Heng separately took Gucheng and beheaded Huan Fangqing, Xiao Yan's general who champions. Commander Bi Zuxiu separately took Mengshan and beheaded Jiao Daoyi, Xiao Yan's general of the dragon cavalry, and others; bandits and those who drowned fleeing to the Yi exceeded four thousand. Yan province was pacified. On the jiyou day an edict ordered Quan, general who pacifies the south and Prince of Anle, to supervise the later-arriving armies going to Huainan. On the renxu day a partial amnesty was proclaimed in Jing, Qin, Qi, Liang, and He provinces. In the ninth month, on the guiyou day, Xing Luan greatly defeated Xiao Yan's army at Suyu and beheaded his great generals Lan Huigong and more than forty others. Zhang Huishao abandoned Suyu; Xiao Min abandoned Huaiyang and fled south; pursuit beheaded tens of thousands. Xuzhou was pacified. On the jichou day Ying, Prince of Zhongshan, greatly defeated Xiao Yan's army at Huainan; Xiao Hong, Xiao Yan's general of the central army and Prince of Linchuan, Liu Yan, right vice director of the Masters of Writing, and Chang Yizhi, inspector of Xuzhou, abandoned Liangcheng and fled east along the Huai. Pursuit halted at Matou; Zhu Siyuan, Xiao Yan's general who champions and garrison commander, abandoned the city and fled by night; more than forty of Yan's generals were captured and sent; soldiers beheaded and captured exceeded fifty thousand. Ying then attacked Zhongli. Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. Xiao Yan dispatched generals and soldiers, thirty thousand, to raid Yiyang. On the dingyou day, at night, they fled; Lou Yue, inspector of Yingzhou, pursued and defeated them. On the wushen day the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. On the jiwei day Zhao Xia, general who campaigns the barbarians, greatly defeated Xiao Yan's hosts at Sangping of Tangcheng.
49
十有一月甲子，帝為京兆王愉、清河王懌、廣平王懷、汝南王悅講孝經於式乾殿。 庚寅，詔曰：「往歲隴右扇逆，合境不民。 其中猶有卒能自守，無豫釁亂。 疾風知勁，良在可嘉。 尚書可甄量報賞，以表誠義。」 是月，梁州再破反獠。
In the eleventh month, on the jiazi day, the emperor lectured on the Classic of Filial Piety to Yu, Prince of Jingzhao, Yi, Prince of Qinghe, Huai, Prince of Guangping, and Yue, Prince of Runan, at the Shigan Hall. On the gengyin day an edict said, "In past years Longyou rose in rebellion and the whole region was not at peace. Among them were still those who could hold out to the end without sharing in the turmoil. In a fierce wind the strong are known—truly they may be praised. The Masters of Writing shall measure and report rewards, to display sincerity and righteousness." That month Liang province again defeated rebel Liao.
50
四年春二月丙午，吐谷渾、宕昌國並遣使朝獻。 己未，勿吉國貢楛矢。 三月丙子，疊伏羅國遣使朝貢。
In the fourth year, in the second month of spring, on the bingwu day, Tuyuhun and Dangchang each sent envoys with tribute. On the jiwei day the state of Mohe presented hardwood arrows. In the third month, on the bingzi day, the state of Diefoluo sent envoys with tribute.
51
夏四月戊戌，鍾離大水。 中山王英敗績而還。 壬寅，吐谷渾、鳩磨羅、阿拔磨拔切磨勒、悉萬斤諸國並遣使朝獻。 六月己丑朔，詔曰：「高祖德格兩儀，明並日月，播文教以懷遠人，調禮學以旌儁造，徙縣中區，光宅天邑，總霜露之所均，一姬卜於洛涘，戎繕兼興，未遑儒教。 朕纂承鴻緒，君臨寶曆，思模聖規，述遵先志。 今天平地寧，方隅無事，可敕有司準訪前式，置國子，立太學，樹小學於四門。」 丙午，蕭衍龍驤將軍、馮翊太守宇文子生等七郡相率內附。 丁未，社蘭達那羅、舍彌、比羅直諸國並遣使朝獻。
In the fourth month of summer, on the wuxu day, there was great flood at Zhongli. Ying, Prince of Zhongshan, was defeated and returned. On the renyin day Tuyuhun, Jiumoluo, Abamobaqiemole, Xiwangjin, and other states all sent envoys with tribute. In the sixth month, on the jichou day, the new moon, an edict said, "Gaozu's virtue reached the two poles and his brightness matched sun and moon; he spread civil teaching to cherish distant peoples and tuned ritual learning to mark outstanding talent; he moved the county to the central region and made bright the heavenly capital, balancing all that dew and frost moisten, unifying Ji's divination at the Luo shore—military affairs arose together and Confucian teaching had no leisure. We inherit the great thread and face the imperial succession, thinking to model the sage's rule and narrate and follow the former aim. Now heaven and earth are level and the realm quiet; the four corners are without affair—let the relevant offices consult former models, establish the National University, found the Grand Academy, and plant elementary schools at the four gates." On the bingwu day Yu Wenzisheng, Xiao Yan's general of the dragon cavalry and administrator of Fengyi, and seven commanderies led one another inward in submission. On the dingwei day Shelandanaluo, Shemi, Biluozhi, and other states all sent envoys with tribute.
52
秋八月辛卯，契丹國遣使朝獻。 己亥，中山王英、齊王蕭寶夤坐鍾離敗退，並除名為民。 庚子，庫莫奚、宕昌、吐谷渾諸國遣使朝獻。 辛丑，敦煌民飢，開倉賑恤。 九月己未，詔曰：「朕秉曆承天，履年將紀，徙正宮極，歲浹歸餘。 台懿茂親，祗勤已久； 列司英彥，庸績未酬。 非所謂有功見知，賞以時及。 其以司空、高陽王雍為太尉，尚書令、廣陽王嘉為司空，百官悉進位一級。」 庚申，夏州長史曹明謀反，伏誅。 甲子，開斜谷舊道。 疏勒、車勒阿駒、南天竺、婆羅等諸國遣使朝獻。 丙戌，司州民飢，開倉賑恤。 閏月甲午，禁大司馬門不得車馬出入。
In the eighth month of autumn, on the xinmao day, the Khitan state sent envoys with tribute. On the jihai day Ying, Prince of Zhongshan, and Bao Zhao, Prince of Qi, were sentenced for the Zhongli defeat and withdrawal; both were stripped of name and made commoners. On the gengzi day Kumo Xi, Dangchang, Tuyuhun, and other states sent envoys with tribute. On the xinchou day the people of Dunhuang were famished; granaries were opened for relief. In the ninth month, on the jiwei day, an edict said, "We hold the succession and receive heaven; the years approach a reign-period; we moved to correct the palace pole and years have soaked to the year's remainder. The empress dowager, a worthy and honored kinswoman, has reverently toiled long; the ranks of offices, heroic and outstanding, have service not yet rewarded. This is not what is called merit seen and known, reward arriving in season. Let Yong, Prince of Gaoyang, minister of works, be made grand commandant; Jia, master of writing and Prince of Guangyang, be made minister of works; all hundred offices advance one rank." On the gengshen day Cao Ming, chief clerk of Xia province, plotted rebellion and was executed. On the jiazi day the old road through Xiegu was opened. Shule, Chelaaju, South Tianzhu, Poluo, and other states sent envoys with tribute. On the bingxu day the people of Si province were famished; granaries were opened for relief. On the jiawu day of the intercalary month the Great Sima Gate was forbidden to chariots and horses passing in or out.
53
冬十月丁巳，高麗、半社、悉萬斤、可流伽、比沙、疏勒、于闐等諸國並遣使朝獻。 丁卯，皇后于氏崩。 戊辰，疏勒國遣使朝貢。 庚午，淮陽太守安樂以城南叛。 辛未，嚈噠、波斯、渴槃陁、渴文提不那杖忸杖提等諸國，[13]並遣使朝獻。 乙酉，葬順皇后於永泰陵。 十有一月丁未，禁河南畜牝馬。 自碣石至於劍閣，東西七千里，置二十二都尉。 己酉，阿與陁、呵羅槃、陁跋吐羅諸國並遣使朝獻。 十有二月戊午，詔兵士鍾離沒落者，復一房田租三年。 辛酉，特那杖提莎鉢離阿失勒摩致鉢諸國遣使朝貢。 甲子，蠕蠕、高車民他莫孤率部來降。 丁丑，鉢崙、波利伏佛冑善、乾達諸國遣使朝貢。
In the tenth month of winter, on the dingsi day, Goryeo, Banshe, Xiwangjin, Keliujia, Bisha, Shule, Khotan, and other states all sent envoys with tribute. On the dingmao day Empress Yu died. On the wuchen day the state of Shule sent envoys with tribute. On gengwu day, Huaiyang Administrator Anle rebelled with the south of the city. On xinwei day, the Hephthalites, Persia, Kapisi, Khotantip, Bunazhang, Niuzhangti, and other states [13] each sent envoys presenting tribute. On yiyou day, Empress Shun was buried at Yongtai Tomb. In the eleventh month, on dingwei day, keeping brood mares in Henan was forbidden. From Jieshi to Sword Pass, seven thousand li east to west, twenty-two commandants were established. On jiyou day, Avatamsaka, Haribhanga, Dhapabhatara, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute. In the twelfth month, on wuwu day, an edict stated that soldiers of Zhongli who fell in battle were to have one household's field tax remitted for three years. On xinyou day, Tenavatamsaka, Sphabhadra, Aselmochebhara, and other states sent envoys presenting tribute. On jiazi day, the Rouran and Gaoche subject Tamogu led his tribe to submit. On dingchou day, Bolun, Paulvobuddhasena, Gandhara, and other states sent envoys presenting tribute.
54
永平元年春正月戊戌，潁川太守王神念奔於蕭衍。 二月辛未，勿吉、南天竺國並遣使朝獻。 三月戊子，皇子昌薨。 己亥，斯羅、阿陁、比羅、阿夷义多、婆那伽、伽師達、于闐諸國並遣使朝獻。 丙午，以去年旱儉，遣使者所在賙恤。
In the first year of Yongping, spring, first month, on wuxu day, Yingchuan Administrator Wang Shennian fled to Xiao Yan. In the second month, on xinwei day, Wuji and South Tianzhu each sent envoys presenting tribute. In the third month, on wuzi day, Prince Chang died. On jihai day, Silla, Ava, Bira, Ayiduo, Vanaka, Gashida, Khotan, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute. On bingwu day, because of last year's drought and famine, envoys were dispatched everywhere to give relief.
55
夏四月，阿伏至羅國遣使朝貢。 五月癸未，高麗國遣使朝獻。 辛卯，帝以旱故，減膳撤懸。 六月壬申，詔曰：「慎獄重刑，著於往誥。 朕御茲寶曆，明鑒未遠，斷決煩疑，實有攸愧。 可依洛陽舊圖，修聽訟觀，農隙起功，及冬令就。 當與王公卿士親臨錄問。」 癸酉，高車國遣使朝貢。
In the fourth month of summer the state of Avar sent envoys presenting tribute. In the fifth month, on guiwei day, the state of Goryeo sent envoys presenting tribute. On xinmao day, because of drought the emperor reduced his meals and withdrew suspended music. In the sixth month, on renshen day, an edict stated, "Careful imprisonment and weighty punishments are set forth in ancient instructions. We have received this precious succession; clear vision does not yet extend far, and our deciding doubtful and tangled cases truly gives cause for shame. We may follow the old plans of Luoyang and repair the Hall for Hearing Lawsuits, begin work in the gaps of farming seasons, and have it ready by winter. We shall personally attend with the kings, dukes, and ministers to examine and question." On guiyou day, the state of Gaoche sent envoys presenting tribute.
56
秋七月辛卯，高車、契丹、汗畔、罽賓諸國並遣使朝獻。 甲午，以夫人高氏為皇后。 乙未，詔曰：「察獄以情，審之五聽，枷杖小大，各宜定準。 然比廷尉、司州、河南、洛陽、河陰及諸獄官，鞫訊之理，未盡矜恕，掠拷之苦，每多切酷，非所以祗憲量衷、慎刑重命者也。 推濫究枉，良軫於懷。 可付尚書精檢枷杖違制之由，斷罪聞奏。」 八月癸亥，冀州刺史、京兆王愉據州反。 乙丑，假尚書李平鎮北將軍、行冀州事以討之。 丁卯，大赦，改年。 庚午，吐谷渾、庫莫奚國並遣使朝貢。 九月辛巳朔，李平大破元愉於草橋。 丙戌，復前中山王英本封。 壬辰，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 定州刺史、安樂王詮大破元愉於信都北。 戊戌，殺侍中、太師、彭城王勰。 辛丑，詔赦冀州民雜工役為元愉所詿誤者，其能斬獲逆黨，別加優賞。 癸卯，李平克信都，元愉北走，斬其所署冀州牧韋超、右衞將軍睦雅、[14]尚書僕射劉子直、吏部尚書崔朏等。 統軍叔孫頭執愉送信都。 羣臣請誅愉，帝弗許，詔送京師。 冀州平。 庚子，郢州司馬彭珍、治中督榮祖等謀叛，潛引蕭衍眾入義陽，郢州刺史婁悅擊走之。 詔將軍胡季智、屈祖等南赴義陽。 三關戍主侯登、陽鳳省等以城南叛，婁悅嬰城固守。 遣中山王英督步騎三萬以赴之。
In the seventh month of autumn, on xinmao day, Gaoche, Khitan, Hanban, Kapisa, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute. On jiawu day, Lady Gao was installed as empress. On yiwei day, an edict stated, "Examine prisons by feeling and try cases by the five hearings; cangues and bastinadoes, large and small, should each have fixed standards. Yet lately the Court of Justice, Sizhou, Henan, Luoyang, Heyin, and various prison officials—in the reasoning of inquisitions—have not fully shown pity and forgiveness; the suffering of forced confession is often too harsh and cruel, which is not how to revere the statutes, measure the inner heart, and value life in applying punishments. When injustice is pushed to excess, it truly wounds our breast. Have the Ministry of State carefully inspect the grounds for cangues and bastinadoes that violate regulations and report conclusions on sentencing." In the eighth month, on guihai day, Jizhou Inspector Yuan Yu, Prince of the Capital Region, held the province in rebellion. On yichou day, Acting Minister of State Li Ping was made general who pacifies the north and acting commissioner for Jizhou to campaign against him. On dingmao day, a great amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed. On gengwu day, Tuyuhun and Kumo Xi each sent envoys presenting tribute. In the ninth month, on xinsi day, the new moon, Li Ping greatly defeated Yuan Yu at Caoxiao. On bingxu day, the former Prince of Zhongshan Yuan Ying's original enfeoffment was restored. On renchen day, the state of Rouran sent envoys presenting tribute. Dingzhou Inspector Yuan Quan, Prince of Anle, greatly defeated Yuan Yu north of Xindu. On wuxu day, Palace Attendant and Grand Preceptor Yuan Xie, Prince of Pengcheng, was executed. On xinchou day, an edict pardoned the people of Jizhou among corvée laborers who had been misled by Yuan Yu; those who could behead and capture rebels were to receive special rewards. On guimao day, Li Ping took Xindu and Yuan Yu fled north. Li Ping beheaded those Yuan Yu had appointed—Jizhou Governor Wei Chao, Right Guard General Mu Ya, [14] Vice Minister of State Liu Zizhi, and Minister of Personnel Cui Fei. Commander-in-Chief Sun Tou captured Yuan Yu and sent him to Xindu. The assembled ministers asked that Yuan Yu be executed; the emperor did not consent and ordered him sent to the capital. Jizhou was pacified. On gengzi day, Yingzhou Chief Clerk Peng Zhen, Administrator-in-Chief Du Rongzu, and others plotted rebellion and secretly brought Xiao Yan's troops into Yiyang; Yingzhou Inspector Lou Yue attacked and drove them off. An edict ordered Generals Hu Jizhi, Qu Zu, and others south to Yiyang. Garrison commanders of the Three Passes Hou Deng, Yang Fengsheng, and others rebelled with the south of the city; Lou Yue ringed the city and held firm. Prince of Zhongshan Yuan Ying was sent to command thirty thousand foot and horse to go to their relief.
57
冬十月丁巳，詔復故北海王詳本封，葬以王禮。 豫州彭城人白早生殺刺史司馬悅，[15]據城南叛，蕭衍遣將齊苟仁等四將以助之。 詔尚書邢巒行豫州事，督將軍崔暹率騎討之。 丙子，邢巒大破早生及苟仁軍於鮑口。 丁丑前宿豫戍主成安樂子景儁殺宿豫戍主嚴仲賢，以城南叛。 十有一月庚寅，詔安東將軍楊椿率眾四萬攻宿豫。 十有二月己未，邢巒克懸瓠，斬白早生，擒齊苟仁等，俘蕭衍卒三千餘人，分賜王公已下。 癸亥，中山王英破衍將於楚城，擒衍寧朔將軍張疑等。 [16]郢州刺史婁悅破衍將馬仙琕於金山。 壬申，漢東蠻民一萬七千戶相率內附。 丙子，高麗國遣使朝獻。
In the tenth month of winter, on dingsi day, an edict restored the former Prince of Beihai Yuan Xiang's original enfeoffment and buried him with princely rites. Bai Zaosheng of Pengcheng in Yuzhou killed Inspector Sima Yue [15] and rebelled with the south of the city; Xiao Yan sent Generals Qi Gouren and three others to assist him. An edict named Minister of State Xing Luan acting commissioner for Yuzhou and ordered General Cui Xuan to lead cavalry to campaign against them. On bingzi day, Xing Luan greatly defeated the armies of Bai Zaosheng and Gouren at Baokou. On dingchou day, previously the Suyu garrison commander Cheng Anle's son Jing Jun had killed Suyu Garrison Commander Yan Zhongxian and rebelled with the south of the city. In the eleventh month, on gengyin day, an edict ordered General Who Pacifies the East Yang Chun to lead forty thousand men to attack Suyu. In the twelfth month, on jiwei day, Xing Luan took Xuanhu, beheaded Bai Zaosheng, captured Qi Gouren and others, and took more than three thousand of Xiao Yan's soldiers captive; they were distributed among kings, dukes, and those below. On guihai day, Prince of Zhongshan Yuan Ying defeated Xiao Yan's generals at Chucheng and captured his General Who Calms the North Zhang Yi and others. [16] Yingzhou Inspector Lou Yue defeated Xiao Yan's general Ma Xianbi at Jinshan. On renshen day, seventeen thousand households of Han River eastern Man submitted inward in succession. On bingzi day, the state of Goryeo sent envoys presenting tribute.
58
是歲，高昌國王麴嘉遣其兄子私署左衞將軍孝亮奉表來朝，因求內徙，乞師迎接。
That year, King Qu Jia of Gaochang sent his elder brother's son, the self-appointed Left Guard General Xiaoliang, with a memorial to court, asking to move inward and begging troops to receive them.
59
二年春正月，蕭衍遣王神念寇南兗。 詔輔國將軍長孫稚假平南將軍為都督，率統軍邴虬等五軍以討之。 丁亥，胡密、步就磨、忸密、槃是、悉萬斤、辛豆那、越拔忸諸國並遣使朝獻。 壬辰，嚈噠、薄知國遣使來朝，貢白象一。 乙未，高昌國遣使朝貢。 丙申，中山王英進逼蕭衍長薄戍，戊戌，宵潰，殺傷千數。 丁酉，拔武陽關，擒衍雲騎將軍、松滋縣開國侯馬廣，冠軍將軍、遷陵縣開國子彭瓫生，驍騎將軍、當陽縣開國伯徐元季等二十六將，俘獲七千餘人。 進攻黃峴、西關。 衍將馬仙琕棄西關，李元履棄黃峴遁走。 是月，涇州沙門劉慧汪聚眾反。 詔華州刺史奚康生討之。 二月乙卯，詔曰：「比軍役頻興，仗多毀敗，在庫戎器，見有無幾。 安不忘危，古人所戒，五兵之器，事須充積，經造既殷，非眾莫舉。 今可量造四萬人雜仗。」 三月癸未，磨豆羅、阿曜社蘇突闍、地伏羅諸國並遣使朝獻。
In the second year, spring, first month, Xiao Yan sent Wang Shennian to raid Southern Yan. An edict named Assistant General Changsun Zhi acting general who pacifies the south as commander-in-chief and ordered Commanders-in-Chief Bing Qiu and five armies to campaign against him. On dinghai day, Humu, Buduomo, Niumi, Panshi, Simowanjin, Xindouna, Yuebaniu, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute. On renchen day, the Hephthalites and Bozhi sent envoys to court and presented one white elephant. On yiwei day, the state of Gaochang sent envoys presenting tribute. On bingshen day, Prince of Zhongshan Yuan Ying pressed Xiao Yan's Changbo garrison; on wuxu day it broke at night; killed and wounded numbered in the thousands. On dingyou day, Wuyang Pass was taken; Xiao Yan's cloud cavalry general and baron of Songzi County Ma Guang, champion general and viscount of Qianling County Peng Fusheng, valiant cavalry general and baron of Dangyang County Xu Yuanji, and twenty-six other generals were captured; captives exceeded seven thousand. They pressed the attack on Huangxian and Xiguan. Xiao Yan's general Ma Xianbi abandoned Xiguan; Li Yuanlu abandoned Huangxian and fled. That month, the monk Liu Huiwang of Jingzhou gathered a crowd and rebelled. An edict ordered Huazhou Inspector Xi Kangsheng to campaign against him. In the second month, on yimao day, an edict stated, "Lately military campaigns have arisen in succession; many weapons are ruined and broken, and the armaments in store are now few indeed. In security do not forget danger—so the ancients warned; the five weapons must be fully stocked, and once manufacture is undertaken it is heavy work that none but the multitude can undertake. Now measure and manufacture forty thousand men's mixed arms." In the third month, on guiwei day, Madura, Ayasosutuojian, and Divoluo and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute.
60
夏四月己酉，詔以武川鎮飢，開倉賑恤。 甲子，詔曰：「聖人濟世，隨物汙隆，或正或權，理無恒在。 先朝以雲駕甫遷，嵩基始構，河洛民庶，徙舊未安，代來新宅，尚不能就。 伊闕西南，羣蠻填聚； 沔陽賊城，連邑作戍； 蠢爾愚巴，心未純款。 故暫抑造育之仁，權緩肅姦之法。 今京師天固，與昔不同。 楊郢荊益，皆悉我有； 保險諸蠻，罔不歸附； 商洛民情，誠倍往日。 唯樊襄已南，仁乖道政，被拘隔化，非民之咎。 而無賴之徒，輕相劫掠，屠害良善，離人父兄。 衍之為酷，實亦深矣。 便可放彼掠民，示其大惠，捨此殘賊，未令之愆。 并敕緣邊州鎮，自今已後，不聽境外寇盜，犯者罪同境內。 若州鎮主將，知容不糾，坐之如律。」 五月，高麗國遣使朝獻。 辛丑，帝以旱故，減膳徹懸，禁斷屠殺。 甲辰，幸華林都亭，親錄囚徒，犯死罪已下降一等。 六月，高昌國遣使朝獻。 辛亥，詔曰：「江海方同，車書宜一，諸州軌轍南北不等。 今可申敕四方，使遠近無二。」
In the fourth month of summer, on jiyou day, an edict ordered that because Wuchuan Garrison was in famine, granaries were to be opened for relief. On jiazi day, an edict stated, "The sage succors the age, following things in decline or ascent; sometimes upright, sometimes expedient—there is no constant that always holds. The former court, when the cloud carriage had just moved and the Song foundation was first raised, moved the people of the Yellow and Luo but the old had not yet been settled; the new dwellings of Dai had still not been completed. Southwest of Yique, the southern barbarians were packed in crowds; at Mianyang the rebel cities linked towns into garrisons; those foolish Ba, stupid in heart, had not yet given pure allegiance. Therefore for a time we suppressed the benevolence that nurtures life and temporarily relaxed the laws that purge wickedness. Now the capital is heaven-fortified and unlike the past. Yang, Ying, Jing, and Yi are all fully ours; the various barbarians who hold defiles—none fail to submit; the hearts of the people of Shang and Luo are truly twice what they were in former days. Only south of Fan and Xiang has benevolence departed from the Way and government gone awry; held back from transformation, it is not the people's fault. Yet worthless fellows lightly raid and plunder, slaughter the good, and tear fathers from sons and brothers apart. The cruelty of Xiao Yan is indeed deep. Now release the people he has plundered and show them great favor; set aside these remnant bandits and their unfulfilled guilt. Also order the frontier provinces and garrisons: from now on they are not to hear of raiding and robbery beyond the border; offenders are guilty as if within the realm. If provincial or garrison commanders and chief generals know and tolerate without impeachment, they are to be punished according to law." In the fifth month the state of Goryeo sent envoys presenting tribute. On xinchou day, because of drought the emperor reduced his meals, withdrew suspended music, and forbade slaughter. On jiachen day, he visited the Hualin Capital Pavilion and personally examined prisoners; those guilty of capital crimes and below were reduced one degree. In the sixth month the state of Gaochang sent envoys presenting tribute. On xinhai day, an edict stated, "Within the four seas the rivers and sea are one; carts and writing should be unified, yet the wheel tracks of the provinces north and south are not equal. Now proclaim and order the four quarters so that far and near are not two."
61
秋七月癸未，契丹國遣使朝獻。 八月丁未，鄧至國遣使朝獻。 戊申，以鄧至國世子像覽蹄為其國王。 高昌、勿吉、庫莫奚諸國並遣使朝獻。 九月辛巳，封故北海王子顥為北海王。 壬午，詔定諸門闥名。
In the seventh month of autumn, on guiwei day, the state of Khitan sent envoys presenting tribute. In the eighth month, on dingwei day, the state of Dengzhi sent envoys presenting tribute. On wushen day, Xianglanqi, heir of the state of Dengzhi, was installed as its king. Gaochang, Wuji, Kumo Xi, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute. In the ninth month, on xinsi day, the former Prince of Beihai's son Hao was enfeoffed Prince of Beihai. On renwu day, an edict fixed the names of the various gates and doorways.
62
冬十月癸丑，以司空、廣陽王嘉為司徒。 庚午，郢州獻七寶牀，詔不納。 十有一月甲申，詔禁屠殺含孕，以為永制。 己丑，帝於式乾殿為諸僧、朝臣講維摩詰經。 十有二月，詔曰：「五等諸侯，比無選式。 其同姓者出身：公正六下，侯從六上，伯從六下，子正七上，男正七下。 異族出身：公從七上，侯從七下，伯正八上，子正八下，男從八上。 清修出身：公從八下，侯正九上，伯正九下，子從九上，男從九下。 可依此敍之。」 疊伏羅、弗菩提、朝陁咤、波羅諸國並遣使朝獻。
In the tenth month of winter, on guichou day, Minister of Works Yuan Jia, Prince of Guangyang, was made minister of state. On gengwu day, Yingzhou presented a seven-jewel couch; an edict declined to accept it. In the eleventh month, on jiashen day, an edict forbade slaughter of pregnant animals as a permanent statute. On jichou day, the emperor in the Shiqian Hall lectured on the Vimalakirti Sutra for the various monks and court ministers. In the twelfth month an edict stated, "The five ranks of feudal lords have until now had no standard for selection. For those of the same surname, initial appointment: duke from sixth rank lower; marquis from sixth rank upper; earl from sixth rank lower; viscount from seventh rank upper; baron from seventh rank lower. For different clans, initial appointment: duke from seventh rank upper; marquis from seventh rank lower; earl from eighth rank upper; viscount from eighth rank lower; baron from eighth rank upper. For those of pure cultivation, initial appointment: duke from eighth rank lower; marquis from ninth rank upper; earl from ninth rank lower; viscount from ninth rank upper; baron from ninth rank lower. They may be ranked according to this." Diefoluo, Foputi, Chaotuozha, Poluo, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute.
63
三年春二月丙午，高昌、鄧至國並遣使朝獻。 壬子，秦州沙門劉光秀謀反。 州郡捕斬之。 癸亥，秦州隴西羌殺鎮將趙儁，阻兵反叛。 州軍討平之。 三月丙戌，皇子生，大赦天下。 高麗、吐谷渾、宕昌諸國並遣使朝獻。
In the third year, second month, on bingwu day, Gaochang and Dengzhi each sent envoys presenting tribute. On renzi day, the monk Liu Guangxiu of Qinzhou plotted rebellion. The province and commandery captured and beheaded him. On guihai day, the Longxi Qiang of Qinzhou killed Garrison Commander Zhao Jun and raised troops in rebellion. The provincial army campaigned and pacified them. In the third month, on bingxu day, a prince was born; a great amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. Goryeo, Tuyuhun, Dangchang, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute.
64
夏四月，平陽郡之禽昌、襄陵二縣大疫，自正月至此月，死者二千七百三十人。 五月丁亥，詔以冀定二州旱儉，開倉賑恤。 六月壬寅，詔重求遺書於天下。 丁卯，名皇子曰詡。 閏月己亥，吐谷渾、高麗、契丹諸國各遣使朝貢。
In the fourth month of summer, in Qinchang and Xiangling counties of Pingyang commandery a great epidemic broke out; from the first month to this month, two thousand seven hundred thirty persons died. In the fifth month, on dinghai day, an edict ordered that because Ji and Ding provinces were in drought and famine, granaries were to be opened for relief. In the sixth month, on renyin day, an edict again sought lost books throughout the realm. On dingmao day, the prince was named Xu. In the intercalary month, on jihai day, Tuyuhun, Goryeo, Khitan, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute.
65
秋七月己未，吐谷渾國遣使朝貢。 八月己卯，勿吉國遣使朝貢。 九月壬寅，烏萇、伽秀沙尼諸國並遣使朝獻。 丙辰，高車別帥可略汗等率眾一千七百內屬。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiwei day, the state of Tuyuhun sent envoys presenting tribute. In the eighth month, on jimao day, the state of Wuji sent envoys presenting tribute. In the ninth month, on renyin day, Uddiyana, Gaxiushani, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute. On bingchen day, the detached commander of Gaoche Keluehan and others led more than one thousand seven hundred men to submit inward.
66
冬十月辛卯，中山王英薨。 丙申，詔曰：「朕乘乾御曆，年周一紀，而道謝擊壤，教慚刑厝。 至於下民之煢鰥疾苦，心常愍之，此而不恤，豈為民父母之意也。 可敕太常於閑敞之處，別立一館，使京畿內外疾病之徒，咸令居處。 嚴敕醫署，分師療治，考其能否，而行賞罰。 雖齡數有期，修短分定，然三疾不同，[17]或賴針石，庶秦扁之言，理驗今日。 又經方浩博，流傳處廣，應病投藥，卒難窮究。 更令有司，集諸醫工，尋篇推簡，務存精要，取三十餘卷，以班九服，郡縣備寫，布下鄉邑，使知救患之術耳。」 戊戌，高車，龜茲、難地、那竭、庫莫奚等諸國並遣使朝獻。 十有二月己卯，高麗、比沙杖國遣使朝獻。 辛巳，江陽王繼坐事除名。 甲申，詔於青州立高祖廟。 殿中侍御史王敞謀反伏誅。
In the tenth month of winter, on xinmao day, Prince of Zhongshan Yuan Ying died. On bingshen day, an edict stated, "We have borne the succession of Heaven and held the calendar for a full cycle, yet the Way falls short of the age of free tillage and teaching lags behind the age when punishments were set aside. As for the solitary and suffering illness of the people below, our heart constantly pities them; if we do not succor this, how is that the mind of parents to the people? Order the Court of Imperial Sacrifices to establish separately, in an open and spacious place, one lodge so that the sick within and without the capital districts may all be lodged there. Strictly order the medical office to assign masters for treatment, examine their ability, and apply rewards and punishments. Though years and span have their term and long and short are allotted by fate, yet the three illnesses differ [17] and some may rely on needle and stone; perhaps the words of Qin Yue and Bian Que may be tested in truth today. Also, medical prescriptions are vast and spread widely; applying medicine to fit the illness is hard to exhaust in inquiry. Further order the relevant offices to gather all medical craftsmen, search the texts and distill them, striving to preserve essentials, take more than thirty scrolls, and distribute them to the nine domains; commanderies and counties are to copy them fully and send them down to townships so that people may know the arts of saving distress." On wuxu day, Gaoche, Kucha, Nandi, Najie, Kumo Xi, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute. In the twelfth month, on jimao day, Goryeo and Bishazhang sent envoys presenting tribute. On xinsi day, Yuan Ji, Prince of Jiangyang, was struck from the registers for an offense. On jiashen day, an edict established the High Ancestor's temple in Qingzhou. Palace Attendant Censor Wang Chang plotted rebellion and was executed.
67
夏四月，琅邪民王萬壽斬蕭衍輔國將軍、琅邪東莞二郡太守劉晣首，以朐山來降。 徐州刺史盧昶遣琅邪戍主傅文驥率眾據之。 甲戌，薛和大破山胡。 蕭衍遣其鎮北將軍張稷及馬仙琕寇朐山。 詔盧昶率眾赴之。 五月己亥遷代京銅龍置天淵池。 [19]丙辰，詔禁天文之學。 六月乙亥，乾達、阿婆羅、達舍、越伽使密、不流沙諸國並遣使朝獻。
In the fourth month of summer, Wang Wanshou of Langya beheaded Xiao Yan's assistant general and administrator of Langya and Dongguan Liu Xi and came to submit with Qushan. Xuzhou Inspector Lu Chang sent Langya Garrison Commander Fu Wenji to lead troops and hold it. On jiaxu day, Xue He greatly defeated the Shanhu. Xiao Yan sent his General Who Pacifies the North Zhang Ji and Ma Xianbi to raid Qushan. An edict ordered Lu Chang to lead troops to go to their relief. In the fifth month, on jihai day, the bronze dragon of the relocated capital was moved to the Celestial Abyss Pool. [19] On bingchen day, an edict forbade the study of astronomy. In the sixth month, on yihai day, Gandhara, Apoluo, Dashe, Yueqashimi, and Bushali and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute.
68
秋七月辛酉，吐谷渾、契丹國並遣使朝獻。 八月辛未，阿婆羅、達舍、越伽使密、不流沙等諸國並遣使朝獻。 癸巳，勿吉國獻楛矢。 九月甲寅，蕭衍九山戍主苟仁以戍來降。 [20]嚈噠、朱居槃、波羅、莫伽陁、移婆僕羅、俱薩羅、舍彌、羅樂陁等諸國並遣使朝獻。
In the seventh month of autumn, on xinyou day, Tuyuhun and Khitan each sent envoys presenting tribute. In the eighth month, on xinwei day, Apoluo, Dashe, Yueqashimi, Bushali, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute. On guisi day, the state of Wuji presented hardwood arrows. In the ninth month, on jiayin day, Xiao Yan's Jiushan Garrison Commander Gou Ren came to submit with the garrison. [20] The Hephthalites, Zhujupan, Poluo, Mojiatuo, Yibopulu, Jusala, Shemi, Luoyuetuo, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute.
69
冬十月丁丑，婆比幡彌、烏萇、比地、乾達等諸國並遣使朝獻。 十有一月甲午，宕昌國遣使朝獻。 己亥，詔李崇、奚康生等治兵壽春，以分朐山之寇。 戊申，難地、伏羅國並遣使朝獻。 朐城陷，盧昶大敗而還。 十有二月壬申，詔曰：「進善退惡，治之通規，三載考察，政之明典。 正始二年以來，于今未考，功過難齊，寧無昇降？ 從景明二年至永平四年，通考以聞。」 戊子，大羅汗、婆來伽國遣使朝獻。
In the tenth month of winter, on dingchou day, Bipofanmi, Uddiyana, Bidi, Gandhara, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute. In the eleventh month, on jiawu day, the state of Dangchang sent envoys presenting tribute. On jihai day, an edict ordered Li Chong, Xi Kangsheng, and others to drill troops at Shouchun to divide the raiders at Qushan. On wushen day, Nandi and Fulu and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute. Qushan fell; Lu Chang was greatly defeated and returned. In the twelfth month, on renshen day, an edict stated, "Advancing the good and retiring the evil is the common rule of governance; triennial examination is the bright canon of administration. From the second year of Zhengshi until now there has been no examination—merits and faults are hard to align; can there be no promotion and demotion? From the second year of Jingming through the fourth year of Yongping, conduct a comprehensive examination and report. On wuzi day, Darohan and Bolaijia sent envoys presenting tribute.
70
延昌元年春正月乙巳，以頻水旱，百姓饑弊，分遣使者開倉賑恤。 戊申，疏勒國遣使朝獻。 丙辰，以車騎大將軍、尚書令高肇為司徒公，光祿大夫、清河王懌為司空，司州牧、廣平王懷進號驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 三月辛卯朔，[21]渴槃陁國遣使朝獻。 甲午，州郡十一大水，詔開倉賑恤。 以京師穀貴，出倉粟八十萬石以賑貧者。 己未，安樂王詮薨。
In the first year of Yanzhang, spring, first month, on yisi day, because of repeated flood and drought and the people's hunger and distress, envoys were separately dispatched to open granaries for relief. On wushen day, the state of Shule sent envoys presenting tribute. On bingchen day, General of Chariots and Cavalry and Minister of State Gao Zhao was made duke of state; Palace Attendant Yuan Yi, Prince of Qinghe, was made minister of works; Sizhou Governor Yuan Huai, Prince of Guangping, was advanced to general who conquers on horseback with ritual equal to the Three Excellencies. In the third month, on xinmao day, the new moon, [21] the state of Kapisi sent envoys presenting tribute. On jiawu day, eleven provinces and commanderies suffered great flood; an edict ordered granaries opened for relief. Because grain in the capital was dear, eight hundred thousand hu of stored grain were released to relieve the poor. On jiwei day, Yuan Quan, Prince of Anle, died.
71
夏四月，詔以旱故，食粟之畜皆斷之。 丁卯，詔曰：「遷京嵩縣，年將二紀，虎闈闕唱演之音，四門絕講誦之業，博士端然，虛祿歲祀，貴遊之冑，歎同子衿，靖言念之，有兼愧慨。 可嚴敕有司，國子學孟冬使成，太學、四門明年暮春令就。」 戊辰，以旱，詔尚書與羣司鞠理獄訟，詔河北民就穀燕恒二州。 辛未，詔饑民就穀六鎮。 丁丑，帝以旱故，減膳撤懸。 癸未，詔曰：「肆州地震陷裂，死傷甚多，言念毀沒，有酸懷抱。 亡者不可復追，生病之徒宜加療救。 可遣太醫、折傷醫，并給所須之藥，就治之。」 乙酉，大赦，改年。 詔立理訴殿、申訟車，以盡冤窮之理。 五月辛卯，疏勒及高麗國並遣使朝獻。 丙午，詔天下有粟之家，供年之外，悉貸饑民。 自二月不雨至於是晦。 六月壬申，澍雨大洽。 戊寅，通河南牝馬之禁。 己卯，詔曰：「去歲水災，今春炎旱，百姓饑餒，救命靡寄，雖經蠶月，不能養績。 今秋輸將及，郡縣期於責辦，尚書可嚴勒諸州，量民資產，明加檢校，以救艱弊。」 庚辰，詔出太倉粟五十萬石，以賑京師及州郡饑民。
In the fourth month of summer an edict ordered that because of drought, all grain-eating livestock were to be cut off. On dingmao day, an edict stated, "The move of the capital to Song County is nearly two cycles; at the Tiger Enclosure the sounds of chanting are stilled and at the Four Gates the work of lecturing and reciting is cut off—the erudites sit upright, receiving empty salaries year after year; the noble scions sigh like Zijin; thinking on this quietly, we are doubly ashamed and indignant. Strictly order the relevant offices: the Directorate of Education is to be completed in mid-winter; the Imperial Academy and Four Gates are to be ready in late spring of next year." On wuchen day, because of drought, an edict ordered the Ministry of State and the various offices to examine prison cases; an edict ordered the people of Hebei to go where grain was available in Yan and Heng provinces. On xinwei day, an edict ordered hungry people to go where grain was available at the Six Garrisons. On dingchou day, because of drought the emperor reduced his meals and withdrew suspended music. On guiwei day, an edict stated, "Sizhou suffered earthquake, collapse, and fissures; dead and wounded were very many; thinking on the destruction, our breast is sour with grief. The dead cannot be pursued and recalled; the living who are ill should receive added medical rescue. Dispatch the Imperial Physician and bone-setting physicians and supply the medicines needed, going to treat them." On yiyou day, a great amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed. An edict established the Hall for Settling Lawsuits and the Petition Cart, to exhaust the reasoning of the wronged and destitute. In the fifth month, on xinmao day, Shule and Goryeo each sent envoys presenting tribute. On bingwu day, an edict stated that households throughout the realm that had grain, beyond what was needed for the year, were all to lend to hungry people. From the second month there was no rain until this last day of the month. In the sixth month, on renshen day, timely rain fell in great abundance. On wuyin day, the prohibition on brood mares in Henan was lifted. On jimao day, an edict stated, "Last year there was flood disaster; this spring scorching drought; the people are hungry and in distress and have nowhere to lodge their lives; though the silkworm month has passed, they cannot nurture the harvest. Now autumn levies are about to arrive and commanderies and counties are set on exacting collection; the Ministry of State is to strictly order the provinces to measure the people's property and clearly apply inspection to save extreme distress." On gengchen day, an edict released five hundred thousand hu of grain from the great storehouse to relieve hungry people in the capital and in provinces and commanderies.
72
秋七月，吐谷渾、契丹國並遣朝獻。 八月壬戌，吐谷渾國遣使朝貢。 丁亥，勿吉國貢楛矢。
In the seventh month of autumn, Tuyuhun and Khitan each sent envoys presenting tribute. In the eighth month, on renxu day, the state of Tuyuhun sent envoys presenting tribute. On dinghai day, the state of Wuji presented hardwood arrows.
73
冬十月乙亥，立皇子詡為皇太子。 是月，嚈噠、于闐、高昌及庫莫奚諸國並遣使朝獻。 十有一月丙申，詔曰：「朕運承天休，統御宸宇，太子體藉靈明，肇建宮華，明兩既孚，三善方洽，宜澤均率壤，榮汎庶胤。 其賜天下為父後者爵一級，孝子、順孫、廉夫、節婦旌表門閭，量給粟帛。」 十有二月己巳，詔守宰為御史所彈遇赦免者、及考在中第，皆代之。
In the tenth month of winter, on yihai day, Prince Xu was installed as crown prince. That month, the Hephthalites, Khotan, Gaochang, Kumo Xi, and other states each sent envoys presenting tribute. In the eleventh month, on bingshen day, an edict stated, "We have received Heaven's blessing and rule the imperial realm; the crown prince's person draws on numinous clarity and has just raised the palace of splendor; when the two luminaries are in accord the three goods are well joined—it is fitting that favor soak the whole realm and glory spread to all descendants. Grant throughout the realm one rank of nobility to those who are fathers and heirs; filial sons, obedient grandsons, honest husbands, and chaste wives are to be honored at their gates and lanes, with grain and silk given in measure." In the twelfth month, on jisi day, an edict stated that governors and magistrates impeached by censors who met amnesty and were pardoned, and those whose examination fell in the middle grade, were all to be replaced.
74
二年春正月戊戌，帝御申訟車，親理冤訟。 高麗國遣使朝獻。 二月丙辰朔，賑恤京師貧民。 甲戌，以六鎮大饑，開倉賑贍。 己卯，太尉、高陽王雍進位太保。 庚辰，蕭衍郁州民徐玄明等斬送衍鎮北將軍、青冀二州刺史張稷首，以州內附，詔前南兗州刺史樊魯率眾赴之。 閏二月辛丑，以苑牧之地賜代遷民無田者。 癸卯，定奴良之制，以景明為斷。 三月丙寅，高昌國遣使朝獻。 是春，民饑，餓死者數萬口。 [22]
In the second year, spring, first month, on wuxu day, the emperor mounted the Petition Cart and personally settled wrongful lawsuits. The state of Goryeo sent envoys presenting tribute. On the bingchen day of the second month, the new moon, the poor of the capital were relieved. On jiaxu day, because of great famine in the Six Garrisons, granaries were opened for relief. On jimao day Grand Commandant and Prince of Gaoyang Yong was promoted to Grand Preceptor. On gengchen day the people of Yuzhou under Xiao Yan, Xu Xuanming and others cut off and sent the head of Xiao Yan's General Who Guards the North and inspector of Qing and Ji provinces Zhang Ji; the province submitted inward, and an edict ordered former inspector of Southern Yanzhou Fan Lu to lead troops there. Intercalary second month, on xinchou day, pasture lands of the imperial park were granted to migrants from Dai who had no fields. On guimao day the system of slaves and bondservants was fixed, with Jingming as the cutoff. In the third month, on bingyin day, the state of Gaochang sent envoys with tribute. That spring the people starved; tens of thousands died of hunger. The text is deficient.
75
夏四月庚子，以絹十五萬匹賑恤河南郡饑民。 五月，壽春大水，遣平東將軍奚康生等步騎數千赴之。 高麗國遣使朝獻。 六月乙酉，青州民饑，詔使者開倉賑恤。 甲午，曲赦揚州。 辛亥，帝御申訟車，親理冤訟。 是夏，州郡十三大水。
In summer, the fourth month, on gengzi day, one hundred fifty thousand bolts of silk were used to relieve the famine-stricken of Henan commandery. In the fifth month Shouchun suffered a great flood; General Who Pacifies the East Xi Kangsheng and others were sent with several thousand infantry and cavalry. The state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. In the sixth month, on yiyou day, the people of Qing province starved; an edict ordered envoys to open granaries for relief. On jiawu day a partial amnesty was proclaimed in Yang province. On xinhai day the emperor mounted the Petition-wagon and personally judged wrongful suits. That summer thirteen provinces and commanderies suffered great flood.
76
秋八月辛卯，詔曰：「頃水旱互侵，頻年饑儉，百姓窘弊，多陷罪辜，煩刑之愧，朕用懼矣。 其殺人、掠賣人、羣強盜首，及雖非首而殺傷財主，曾經再犯公斷道路劫奪行人者，依法行決； 自餘恕死。 徒流已下各準減降。」 庚戌，嚈噠、于闐、槃陁及契丹、庫莫奚諸國並遣使朝獻。 九月丙辰，以貴族豪門崇習奢侈，詔尚書嚴立限級，節其流宕。 是月，勿吉、吐谷渾、鄧至國並遣使朝貢。
In the eighth month, on xinmao day, an edict said, "Recently flood and drought have afflicted us in turn; for years there has been famine; the people are distressed and many fall into crime—the shame of harsh punishment fills us with fear. For murder, selling people, leaders of bandit gangs, and those who though not leaders have killed or wounded property owners and have twice been publicly judged for highway robbery of travelers, execute according to law; all others be pardoned from death. Penal servitude, exile, and below are each to be reduced one grade. On gengxu day the Yeda, Khotan, Panto, Khitan, Kumo Xi, and other states each sent envoys with tribute. In the ninth month, on bingchen day, because noble houses and great clans zealously practiced luxury, an edict ordered the Ministry of State to set strict rank limits and curb excess. That month the Mohe, Tuyuhun, and Dengzhi states each sent envoys with tribute.
77
冬十月，詔以恒、肆地震，民多死傷，蠲兩河一年租賦。 十有二月丙戌，丐洛陽、河陰二縣租賦。 乙巳，詔以恒、肆地震，民多離災，其有課丁沒盡、老幼單辛、家無受復者，各賜廩以接來稔。 高麗國遣使朝獻。 三年春二月乙未，詔曰：「肆州秀容郡敷城縣、雁門郡原平縣，並自去年四月以來，山鳴地震，于今不已，告譴彰咎，朕甚懼焉，祗畏兢兢，若臨淵谷，可恤瘼寬刑，以答災謫。」 三月，三關別將李世哲大破羣蠻，斬蕭衍龍驤將軍文思之、文天生。
In the tenth month of winter, an edict: because Heng and Si suffered earthquake and many among the people were killed or wounded, rent and tax in the two He regions were remitted for one year. In the twelfth month, on bingxu day, rent and tax of Luoyang and Heyin counties were remitted. On yisi day an edict: because Heng and Si suffered earthquake and many among the people were afflicted, for those whose corvée households were entirely lost, the old and young left alone, and families with no one to receive exemption, grain rations were granted to tide them over until the next harvest. The state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. In the third year, spring, second month, on yiwei day, an edict said, "In Xiuzhou's Fucheng county of Xiurong commandery and Yuanping county of Yanmen commandery, from the fourth month of last year until now mountains have thundered and the earth has quaked without cease; the warning of reproof is manifest—we are deeply fearful, reverent and cautious as if facing a deep abyss; ease the people's woes and lighten punishments to answer the disaster's reproof. In the third month the Separate Commander of the Three Passes Li Shizhe greatly defeated the Man tribes, beheading Xiao Yan's Dragon-crouching General Wen Sizhi and Wen Tiansheng.
78
夏四月，青州民饑，辛巳，開倉賑恤。 乙巳，上御申訟車，親理冤訟。 六月，南荊州刺史桓叔興大破蕭衍軍於九山，斬其虎旅將軍、新豐縣開國子蔡令孫，冠軍將軍席世興，貞義將軍藍次孫。
In summer, the fourth month, the people of Qing province starved; on xinsi day granaries were opened for relief. On yisi day the emperor mounted the Petition-wagon and personally judged wrongful suits. In the sixth month Inspector of Southern Jing Huan Shuxing greatly defeated Xiao Yan's army at Jiushan, beheading his Tiger Guard General and Baron of Xinfeng Cai Lingsun, Champion General Xi Shixing, and General of Upright Duty Lan Cisun.
79
秋七月丙子，勿吉國遣使朝貢。 八月甲申，帝臨朝堂，考百司而加黜陟。 九月，吐谷渾、契丹、勿吉諸國並遣使朝貢。
In the seventh month, on bingzi day, the Mohe state sent envoys with tribute. In the eighth month, on jiashen day, the emperor attended the Audience Hall, examined the hundred offices, and promoted and demoted. In the ninth month Tuyuhun, Khitan, Mohe, and other states each sent envoys with tribute.
80
冬十月庚辰，詔驍騎將軍馬義舒慰諭蠕蠕。 庫莫奚國遣使朝貢。 十有一月庚戌，南天竺、佐越費實諸國並遣使朝獻。 辛亥，詔司徒高肇為大將軍、平蜀大都督，步騎十萬西伐。 益州刺史傅竪眼出巴北，[23]平南將軍羊祉出涪城，安西將軍奚康生出綿竹，撫軍將軍甄琛出劍閣。 乙卯，以中護軍元遙為征南將軍、東道都督，鎮遏梁楚。 丁巳，幽州沙門劉僧紹聚眾反，自號淨居國明法王。 州郡捕斬之。 甲戌，高麗國遣使朝獻。 十有二月庚寅，詔立明堂。
In the tenth month of winter, on gengchen day, an edict ordered Valiant Cavalry General Ma Yishu to go and reassure the Rouran. The Kumo Xi state sent envoys with tribute. In the eleventh month, on gengxu day, South Tianzhu, Zuoyue Feishi, and other states each sent envoys with tribute. On xinhai day an edict made Minister of State Gao Zhao grand general and grand commander for pacifying Shu, with one hundred thousand infantry and cavalry marching west to attack. Yizhou Inspector Fu Shuyan marched from north of Ba, [23] General Who Pacifies the South Yang Zhi marched from Fucheng, General Who Pacifies the West Xi Kangsheng marched from Mianzhu, and General Who Pacifies the Army Zhen Chen marched from Jiange. On yimao day Central Guardian Yuan Yao was made general who campaigns south and commander of the eastern route, to guard and restrain Liang and Chu. On dingsi day the monk Liu Sengshao of You province gathered a crowd in revolt and styled himself Bright King of the Pure Dwelling Kingdom. The province and commanderies captured and beheaded him. On jiaxu day the state of Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. In the twelfth month, on gengyin day, an edict ordered the Bright Hall to be established.
81
四年春正月甲寅，帝不豫，丁巳，崩于式乾殿，時年三十三。 二月甲戌朔，上尊諡曰宣武皇帝，廟號世宗。 甲午，葬景陵。
In the fourth year, spring, first month, on jiayin day the emperor was ill; on dingsi day he died in the Shiqian Hall, aged thirty-three. In the second month, on jiaxu day, the new moon, the posthumous title Emperor Xuanwu was elevated, with temple name Shizong. On jiawu day he was buried at Jing Mausoleum.
82
帝幼有大度，喜怒不形於色。 雅性儉素。 初，高祖欲觀諸子志尚，乃大陳寶物，任其所取，京兆王愉等皆競取珍玩，帝唯取骨如意而已。 高祖大奇之。 庶人恂失德，高祖謂彭城王勰曰：「吾固疑此兒有非常志相，今果然矣。」 乃立為儲貳。 雅愛經史，尤長釋氏之義，每至講論，連夜忘疲。 善風儀，美容貌，臨朝淵默，端嚴若神，有人君之量矣。
From youth he had great magnanimity; joy and anger did not show on his face. By nature he was frugal and plain. At the beginning Emperor Xiaowen wished to observe his sons' aims; he displayed great treasures and let each take what he would—Prince of Jingzhao Yu and the others all competed for precious objects, but he took only a bone ruyi. Emperor Xiaowen marveled greatly at this. The commoner Xun lost virtue; Emperor Xiaowen said to Prince of Pengcheng Xie, "I had long suspected this son had an extraordinary will in his bearing; now it has indeed proved so. He was thereupon established as heir apparent. He loved the classics and histories and was especially skilled in Buddhist doctrine; whenever discussion reached doctrine he forgot fatigue through the night. He was good in bearing and handsome in appearance; at court he was deep and silent, upright and stern as a spirit—he had the measure of a ruler.
83
史臣曰：世宗承聖考德業，天下想望風化，垂拱無為，邊徼稽服。 而寬以攝下，從容不斷，太和之風替矣。 比夫漢世，元、成、安、順之儔歟？
The historian says: Shizong inherited the sage father's virtue and achievement; the realm looked to his transforming influence; he held the reins and did nothing, and the border marches submitted. Yet in leniency toward those below, ease and indecision, the wind of Taihe was lost. Compared with the Han age, was he the equal of Yuan, Cheng, An, and Shun?
84
校勘記
Collation notes
85
寶卷將胡松李居士率眾萬餘屯宛卷六三王肅傳「宛」作「死虎」。 按「死虎塘」「死虎亭」，見水經注卷三二肥水篇。 戴震校本云：「案『虎』，原本及近刻並訛作『雩』。 考死虎壘在今壽州東四十餘里。」 宋書 〈卷八六劉緬傳〉 劉順等東據宛唐，築四壘。 通典云：「宛唐，死虎之訛也。」 宛唐、死雩當是唐人避李虎諱改。 這裏本也同王肅傳作「死虎」，唐人改作「宛唐」，後來又脫「唐」字。
Xiao Baojuan's generals Hu Song and Li Jushi led more than ten thousand to camp at Wan: juan 63 Biography of Wang Su reads "Wan" as "Sihu". Comment: "Sihu pond" and "Sihu pavilion" appear in the Commentary on the Water Classic, juan 32, Fei River section. Dai Zhen's collated edition states, "Comment: 'Hu' in the original and recent editions is all wrongly written 'Yu. Examining Sihu fort, it is more than forty li east of present Shouzhou.' Songshu 〈juan 86, Biography of Liu Mian〉 Liu Shun and others held Wanyang in the east and built four forts. Tongdian states, "Wanyang is an error for Sihu." Wanyang and Siyu were probably changed by Tang people avoiding the taboo on Li Hu. Here the original also reads "Sihu" as in Wang Su's biography; Tang people changed it to "Wanyang," and later the character "Tang" was lost.
86
大將軍廣陵王羽為司徒北史卷四魏紀四「司徒」作「司空」。 按上文稱「以北海王詳為大將軍」，卷二一廣陵王羽傳稱羽為車騎大將軍，授司徒，不受，請為司空，許之，知「大將軍」上脫「車騎」二字。 「司徒」，是記初授官，未必誤。
Grand General Prince of Guangling Yu was made Minister of State: Beishi juan 4, Wei Annals 4, reads "Minister of State" as "Minister of Works." Comment: Above it states "the Prince of Beihai Xiang was made grand general"; juan 21 Biography of Prince of Guangling Yu states Yu was General of Chariots and Cavalry, was appointed Minister of State but did not accept and requested Minister of Works, which was granted—thus above "Grand General" the two characters "of Chariots and Cavalry" are probably missing. "Minister of State" records the initial appointment and is not necessarily wrong.
87
正調之外諸妨害損民一時蠲罷冊府卷一０六 〈一七七三頁〉 「妨害」作「坊調」。 按「妨害損民」，語意重複。 「坊」當是「旁」之訛，「旁調」和「正調」對文，即橫調、雜調。
Beyond the regular levy, all levies harmful to the people were for a time remitted: Cefu juan 106 〈p. 1773〉 "Harmful" reads "fangdiao." Comment: "Harmful to the people" is redundant in meaning. "Fang" is probably an error for "pang"; "pangdiao" pairs with "zhengdiao," that is, irregular and miscellaneous levies.
88
發畿內夫五萬人築京師三百二十三坊南、北、殿三本和北史卷四「五萬」下有「五千」二字。 又北史作「三百二十坊」。 按卷一八廣陽王嘉傳也作「三百二十坊」，「坊」上「三」字當衍。
Five myriad men of the metropolitan region were levied to build three hundred twenty-three wards of the capital: the Southern, Northern, and Palace editions and Beishi juan 4 have the two characters "five thousand" below "five myriad." Beishi also reads "three hundred twenty wards." Comment: juan 18 Biography of Prince of Guangyang Jia also reads "three hundred twenty wards"; the character "three" above "wards" is probably superfluous.
89
是歲疏勒罽賓婆羅捺烏萇阿喻陁羅婆不崙陁拔羅弗波女提斯羅噠舍伏耆奚那太羅槃烏稽悉萬斤朱居槃訶盤陁撥斤厭味朱沴洛南天竺持沙那斯頭諸國並遣使朝貢按以上「諸國」，除見於史籍西域傳外，很難確知，今比對見於此紀他處和西域傳「諸國」，凡可以推知者加標線。 「婆羅捺」當即見於永平二年十二月及四年九月之「波羅」，亦即御覽卷七九七 〈三五四二頁〉 之「波羅奈」。 「阿喻陁」當即見於正始四年十一月之「阿與陁」，永平四年正月之「阿悅陁」。 「不崙」即見於正始四年十二月之「鉢崙」。 「陁拔羅」當即正始四年十一月之「陁跋吐羅」。 「斯羅」又見於永平元年三月，位與「諸國」之首，知此處不與上「提」字連。 「噠舍」即見於永平四年六月之「達舍」。 「羅槃」疑即見於正始四年十一月之「呵羅槃」，這裏脫「呵」字或省譯。 「朱居槃」即西域傳之「悉居半」及「朱居」。 「訶盤陁」當即西域傳之「渴槃陁」，洛陽伽藍記載宋雲行記之「漢盤陁」。 「撥斤」疑即見於隋書卷八三西域傳之「鏺汗」，「汗」訛「斤」。 「厭味」疑是「嚈噠」之訛。 「羅婆」、「烏稽」、「朱沴洛」雖無從比對，由于各自介於二者之間，亦加標斷。 其他「弗波女提」、「伏耆奚那太」、「持沙那斯頭」，四五個字連在一起，不知是一地或二地名，無從加標，姑從闕疑。 此紀及下肅宗紀尚有多處列舉「諸國」，均從此例，可以比對推知的加標線，不能標斷的從闕。 除冊府有異文和疑有訛脫之外，不一一出校記。
That year Shule, Jibin, Poluo, Wuchang, Ayuta, Tuobaluo, Bulun, Tuobaluo, Fubonvti, Siluo, Dashe, Fuqixi, Natai, Luopan, Wuji, Xiwanshen, Zhujupan, Hepantuo, Bojin, Yanwei, Zhuchiluo, South Tianzhu, Chishanasi, and other states each sent envoys with tribute: Comment: among the above "states," except those seen in the Treatise on the Western Regions, most are hard to identify; now, comparing states seen elsewhere in this annal and in the Treatise on the Western Regions, wherever they can be inferred, a mark is added. "Varanasi" is probably the "Bolo" seen in the twelfth month of the second year of Yongping and the ninth month of the fourth year of Yongping, and also the "Bolanai" in Yulan juan 797 〈p. 3542〉 as the "Bolanai." "Ayuta" is probably the "Ayuta" seen in the eleventh month of the fourth year of Zhengshi and the "Ayuetuo" of the first month of the fourth year of Yongping. "Bulun" is the "Bolun" seen in the twelfth month of the fourth year of Zhengshi. "Tuobaluo" is probably the "Tuobatuoluo" of the eleventh month of the fourth year of Zhengshi. "Siluo" also appears in the third month of the first year of Yongping, at the head of the list of "states," showing that here it does not join with the "ti" above. "Dashe" is the "Dashe" seen in the sixth month of the fourth year of Yongping. "Luopan" is suspected to be the "Heluopan" seen in the eleventh month of the fourth year of Zhengshi; here the character "he" is lost or abbreviated in translation. "Zhujupan" is the "Xijuban" and "Zhuju" of the Treatise on the Western Regions. "Hepantuo" is probably the "Kepantuo" of the Treatise on the Western Regions and the "Hanpantuo" in Song Yun's travel record in Luoyang qielan ji. "Bojin" is suspected to be the "Pohan" seen in Suishu juan 83, Treatise on the Western Regions; "han" is an error for "jin." "Yanwei" is suspected to be an error for "Yanda." Although "Luopo," "Wuji," and "Zhuchiluo" cannot be compared elsewhere, because each lies between identifiable names, a break is also marked. The other clusters "Fubonvti," "Fuqixinatai," and "Chishanasi"—four or five characters together—are unknown whether one place or two place-names; no mark can be added; for the present they are left in doubt. This annal and the annals of Emperor Suzong below have many further lists of "states," all following this rule: where comparison can identify them, a mark is added; where it cannot, they are left in doubt. Except where Cefu has variant readings and suspected errors or lacunae, each is not given a separate collation note.
90
揚州破蕭衍將於陰山斬其龍驤將軍吳道爽等數千級按卷一九中任城王雲附元澄傳稱：「攻蕭衍陰山戍破之，斬其戍主龍驤將軍、都亭侯梅興祖，仍引攻白藁戍，又破之，斬其寧朔將軍、關內侯吳道爽。」 卷九八蕭衍傳同。 則龍驤將軍乃梅興祖，吳道爽乃寧朔將軍。 這裏「龍驤將軍」下當有脫文。
Yang province defeated Xiao Yan's generals at Yinshan and beheaded his Dragon-crouching General Wu Daoshuang and others, several thousand heads: Comment: juan 19, part 2, Biography of Prince of Zhongshan Yun, attached Biography of Yuan Cheng, states, "Attacking Xiao Yan's Yinshan garrison he broke it and beheaded the garrison commander Dragon-crouching General and Marquis of Duting Mei Xingzu; he then led an attack on the Baigao garrison and again broke it, beheading Ningshuo General and Marquis within the Passes Wu Daoshuang." Same as juan 98, Biography of Xiao Yan. Thus the Dragon-crouching General was Mei Xingzu, and Wu Daoshuang was Ningshuo General. Here below "Dragon-crouching General" there is probably missing text.
91
斬其徐州刺史潘佃憐擒司馬明素按卷一九中元澄傳、卷九八蕭衍傳作「徐州刺史司馬明素」，「徐州長史潘伯憐」。 這裏不記司馬明素官位，又以潘佃憐為刺史，疑有脫訛。 「佃」「伯」不知孰是。
Beheaded the Inspector of Xuzhou Pan Dianlian and captured Sima Mingsu: Comment: juan 19 Biography of Yuan Cheng, part 2, and juan 98 Biography of Xiao Yan read "Inspector of Xuzhou Sima Mingsu" and "Chief Administrator of Xuzhou Pan Bolian." Here Sima Mingsu's office is not recorded, and Pan Dianlian is made inspector—suspected lacuna and error. Whether "dian" or "bo" is correct is unknown.
92
蕭衍冠軍將軍李畋等置營始平郡東通鑑卷一四六 〈四五五一頁〉 「李畋」作「李畎」。 按卷六五邢巒傳稱「蕭衍輔國將軍李畎戍石同」。 卷七一李苗傳稱苗叔父略為蕭衍寧州刺史，曾拒王足於涪。 北史卷四五李苗傳「略」作「畎」。 「畋」「畎」「略」官位，雖諸傳所載各異，其人却均為在涪城一帶拒敵王足的梁將，必是一人。 通鑑此條作「冠軍將軍李畎」，知本此紀，考異無文，則司馬光所見此紀，本亦作「畎」。 此人當名「畎」，「畋」「略」都是形近而訛。
Xiao Yan's Champion General Li Tian and others set camp east of Shiping commandery: Zizhi tongjian juan 146 〈p. 4551〉 "Li Tian" reads "Li Quan." Comment: juan 65 Biography of Xing Luan states "Xiao Yan's General Who Assists the State Li Quan garrisoned Shitong." Juan 71 Biography of Li Miao states Miao's uncle Lue was inspector of Ningzhou under Xiao Yan and once resisted Wang Zu at Fu. Beishi juan 45 Biography of Li Miao reads "Lue" as "Quan." The offices of "Tian," "Quan," and "Lue" differ in the various biographies, yet the man is the same Liang general who resisted Wang Zu in the Fucheng region—he must be one person. Zizhi tongjian for this entry reads "Champion General Li Quan," and since Examining Differences has no note, the annal Sima Guang saw also read "Quan." This man's name should be "Quan"; "Tian" and "Lue" are both errors from similar forms.
93
又詔驃騎大將軍源懷慎按卷四一源懷傳云本名思禮，「後賜名懷」，此作「懷慎」，疑衍「慎」字。 但當時雙名常單稱，所見北魏墓誌中名與史傳不合者此類甚多，也可能源懷實雙名「懷慎」，今仍之。
Again an edict to Valiant Cavalry Grand General Yuan Huai Shen: Comment: juan 41 Biography of Yuan Huai states his original name was Sil, "later granted the name Huai"—here it reads "Huai Shen," suspected derivation of the character "Shen." But at the time double names were often called by a single part; among Northern Wei tomb epitaphs names that disagree with historical biographies are very numerous; Yuan Huai may in fact have had the double name "Huai Shen"—the present text is retained.
94
夏四月乙未北史卷四魏紀四「乙未」作「丁未」。 按是年四月乙未朔，丁未乃十一日。 若是乙未，例當下有「朔」字。 若非「乙」為「丁」字之訛，則下脫「朔」字。
Summer, fourth month, yiwei day: Beishi juan 4, Wei Annals 4, reads "yiwei" as "dingwei." Comment: That year in the fourth month yiwei was the new moon; dingwei was the eleventh day. If it were yiwei, there should normally be the character "new moon" below. If "yi" is not an error for "ding," then "new moon" is missing below.
95
衍將蕭容陷梁城卷六五邢巒傳、卷九八蕭衍傳「容」作「密」。 按梁書卷二武帝紀天監五年五月乙亥稱「臨川王宏前軍克梁城」，「容」或「密」當是避元宏諱改。
Xiao Yan's general Xiao Rong took Liang city: juan 65 Biography of Xing Luan and juan 98 Biography of Xiao Yan read "Rong" as "Mi." Comment: Liangshu juan 2 Annals of Emperor Wu, fifth year of Tianjian, fifth month, yihai day, states "Prince of Linchuan Hong's vanguard took Liang city"; "Rong" or "Mi" was probably changed to avoid the taboo on Yuan Hong.
96
渴文提不那杖忸杖提等諸國以上諸國無考，「那」下「杖」字冊府卷九六九 〈一一三九一頁〉 作「伏」。
Kewenti Bunazhang Niuzhangti and other states: the above states cannot be verified; below "na" the character "zhang" in Cefu juan 969 〈p. 11391〉 reads "fu."
97
右衞將軍睦雅按「睦」非姓。 本書卷九０逸士傳有眭夸，北齊書卷四五文苑傳有眭豫。 史籍「眭」常訛作「睦」，北齊書諸本「眭豫」即訛作「睦豫」，疑這裏「睦」也是「眭」之訛。
Right Guard General Mu Ya: Comment: "Mu" is not a surname. This work juan 90 Biographies of Recluses has Sui Kua; Beiqishu juan 45 Literary Grove has Sui Yu. In historical works "Sui" is often wrongly written "Mu"; in various editions of Beiqishu "Sui Yu" is wrongly written "Mu Yu"—here "Mu" is probably also an error for "Sui."
98
豫州彭城人白早生殺剌史司馬悅冊府卷一二一 〈一四五０頁〉 無「彭」字。 按彭城不屬豫州。 卷三七司馬悅傳、卷八七劉侯仁傳稱「城人白早生」，卷六五邢巒傳作「豫州城民白早生」，卷九八蕭衍傳作「懸瓠城民白早生」。 「城人」或「城民」是當時州鎮屯戍軍所屬人口的專稱。 這裏「彭」字疑衍文。
Yuzhou Pengcheng man Bai Zaosheng killed Inspector Sima Yue: Cefu juan 121 〈p. 1450〉 lacks the character "Peng." Comment: Pengcheng did not belong to Yuzhou. Juan 37 Biography of Sima Yue and juan 87 Biography of Liu Houren state "the city man Bai Zaosheng"; juan 65 Biography of Xing Luan reads "Yuzhou city man Bai Zaosheng"; juan 98 Biography of Xiao Yan reads "Xuangu city man Bai Zaosheng." "City man" or "city people" was the special term for the population belonging to garrison troops of the time. Here the character "Peng" is probably superfluous.
99
擒衍寧朔將軍張疑等卷一九下南安王楨附元英傳「張疑」作「張道凝」，又稱「斬道凝」。 這裏「疑」當作「凝」，雙名單稱。 「擒」「斬」未知孰是。
Captured Xiao Yan's Ningshuo General Zhang Yi and others: juan 19, part 2, Biography of Prince of Nan'an Zhen, attached Biography of Yuan Ying, reads "Zhang Yi" as "Zhang Daoning," and also states "beheaded Daoning." Here "Yi" should be "Ning"; a double name called by a single part. Whether "captured" or "beheaded" is correct is unknown.
100
然三疾不同御覽卷一０三 〈四九五頁〉 「三」作「六」。 按「三疾」見論語陽貨，指狂、矜、愚，與詔書所說疾病不同。 「六疾」見左傳成元年醫和語，疑作「六」是。
Yet the three illnesses differ: Yulan juan 103 〈p. 495〉 "Three" reads "six." Comment: "Three illnesses" appears in Lunyu, Yang Huo, meaning madness, pride, and stupidity—different from the illnesses spoken of in the edict. "Six illnesses" appears in Zuozhuan, Cheng first year, in the words of the physician He—suspected that "six" is correct.
101
比地冊府卷九六九 〈一一三九一頁〉 「比」作「北」。
This region: Cefu juan 969 〈p. 11391〉 "This" reads "north."
102
遷代京銅龍置天淵池北史卷四、冊府卷一三 〈一五０頁〉 「池」下有「西」字，疑脫。
Moved the bronze dragon of Dai capital to the Celestial Pool: Beishi juan 4 and Cefu juan 13 〈p. 150〉 Below "pool" is the character "west," probably missing.
103
蕭衍九山戍主苟仁以戍來降百衲本「仁」字空格，南本以下諸本都作「仁」，或因上文見齊苟仁而補。 今姑從諸本。
Xiao Yan's Jiushan garrison commander Gou Ren came surrendering with the garrison: the patchwork edition leaves a blank for "Ren"; editions from the Southern edition down all read "Ren," perhaps supplied from Gou Ren seen above. For the present the various editions are followed.
104
三月辛卯朔諸本「三月」作「二月」。 按是年二月丙辰朔，三月辛卯朔。 下記「甲午」「癸未」，乃三月四日及二十九日。 下文己未稱安樂王詮死，卷一０五之二天象志二正作「延昌元年三月己未」，知「二」乃「三」之訛，今改正。
Third month, xinmao day, the new moon: all editions read "third month" as "second month." Comment: That year in the second month bingchen was the new moon; in the third month xinmao was the new moon. Below, "jiawu" and "guiwei" are the fourth and twenty-ninth days of the third month. Below on jiwei it states Prince of Anle Quan died; juan 105, part 2, Treatise on Astral Portents 2 correctly reads "third month, jiwei, first year of Yanchang"—thus "second" is an error for "third"; now corrected.
105
民饑餓死者數萬口卷一０五之一天象志一稱延昌二年春，「京師民饑，餓死者數萬口」。 按下文即記「以絹十五萬匹賑恤河南郡饑民」，河南郡是畿郡，亦即「京師」。 天象志記事一般即出於本紀，疑這裏「民饑」上脫「京師」二字。
The people starved and tens of thousands died of hunger: juan 105, part 1, Treatise on Astral Portents 1 states that in spring of the second year of Yanchang "the people of the capital starved; tens of thousands died of hunger." Comment: Below it records "one hundred fifty thousand bolts of silk to relieve the famine-stricken of Henan commandery"; Henan commandery was a metropolitan commandery, that is, "the capital." The Treatise on Astral Portents generally draws from this annal; suspected here the two characters "capital" are missing above "the people starved."
106
益州剌史傅竪眼出巴北卷七０傅豎眼傳、卷一０五之四天象志四延昌元年條作「北巴」。 按隋書卷二九地理志上巴西郡下稱「梁置南梁、北巴州」。 州在今閬中縣一帶。 天象志所云即出此紀，知原亦當作「北巴」，傳本誤倒，但作「巴北」亦可通，今不改。
Yizhou Inspector Fu Shuyan marched from north of Ba: juan 70 Biography of Fu Shuyan and juan 105, part 4, Treatise on Astral Portents 4, Yanchang first year entry read "north Ba." Comment: Suishu juan 29, Treatise on Geography, part 1, under Baxi commandery states "Liang established Southern Liang and North Ba provinces." The province was in the region of present Langzhong county. What the Treatise on Astral Portents states comes from this annal; the original should also read "North Ba"; transmitted texts have the order reversed, but "north of Ba" is also intelligible—the present text is not changed.