1
肅宗孝明皇帝，諱詡，世宗宣武皇帝之第二子，母曰胡充華。 永平三年三月丙戌，帝生于宣光殿之東北，有光照于庭中。 延昌元年十月乙亥，立為皇太子。
Suzong, Emperor Xiaoming, bore the taboo name Xu. He was Shizong, Emperor Xuanwu's second son; his mother was Hu Chuhua. In the third year of Yongping, in the third month, on the bingxu day, the emperor was born northeast of the Xuanguang Hall; light shone in the courtyard. In the tenth month of the first year of Yanchang, on the yihai day, he was installed as crown prince.
2
四年春正月丁巳夜，即皇帝位。 戊午，大赦天下。 己未，徵下西討東防諸軍。 庚申，詔太保、高陽王雍入居西栢堂，決庶政，又詔任城王澄為尚書令，百官總己以聽於二王。 己巳，勿吉、達槃、地豆和、尼步伽、拔但、佐越費實等諸國遣使朝獻。 二月庚辰，尊皇后高氏為皇太后。 辛巳，司徒高肇至京師，以罪賜死。 蕭衍寧州剌史任太洪率眾寇關城，益州長史成興孫擊破之。 癸未，太保、高陽王雍進位太傅、領太尉，司空、清河王懌為司徒，驃騎大將軍、廣平王懷為司空。 己亥，尊胡充華為皇太妃。 宕昌國遣使朝獻。 三月甲辰朔，皇太后出俗為尼，徙御金墉。 丙辰，詔進宮臣位一級。 先是，蕭衍於浮山堰淮，規為揚徐之害，詔平南將軍楊大眼討之。 乙丑，進文武羣官位一級。
In the fourth year, in the first month of spring, on the night of the dingsi day, he took the imperial throne. On the wuwu day a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On the jiwei day the armies of the western campaign and eastern defense were recalled. On the gengshen day an edict ordered Yong, grand guardian and Prince of Gaoyang, to enter the Western Cypress Hall and decide routine government; it also ordered Cheng, Prince of Rencheng, to be minister director, and all officials to entrust themselves to the two princes. On the jisi day Wuji, Dapan, Didouhe, Nibujia, Baidan, Zuoyue Feishi, and other states sent envoys with tribute. In the second month, on the gengchen day, the empress of the Gao clan was honored as empress dowager. On the xinsi day Gao Zhao, minister over the masses, arrived at the capital and was ordered to die for his crime. Ren Taihong, Xiao Yan's inspector of Ningzhou, led a host to raid Guancheng; Cheng Xingsun, chief clerk of Yizhou, defeated him. On the guiwei day Yong, grand guardian and Prince of Gaoyang, was promoted to grand tutor and held additionally the post of grand minister; Yi, minister of works and Prince of Qinghe, was made minister over the masses; Huai, grand general of agile cavalry and Prince of Guanghe, was made minister of works. On the jihai day Hu Chuhua was honored as imperial noble consort. Dangchang sent envoys with tribute. In the third month, on the jiachen day, the new moon, the empress dowager left the laity and became a nun, moving her residence to the Jintong quarter. On the bingchen day an edict ordered palace officials promoted one rank. Earlier Xiao Yan had dammed the Huai at Fushan, intending harm to Yang and Xu; an edict ordered Yang Dayan, general who pacifies the south, to attack him. On the yichou day civil and military officials were promoted one rank.
3
夏四月，梁州刺史薛懷古破反氐於沮水。 五月甲寅，南秦州刺史崔暹擊破氐賊，解武興圍。
In the fourth month of summer Xue Huaigu, inspector of Liangzhou, defeated rebellious Di at the Ju River. In the fifth month, on the jiayin day, Cui Xian, inspector of South Qinzhou, defeated Di bandits and lifted the siege of Wuxing.
4
六月，沙門法慶聚眾反於冀州，殺阜城令，自稱大乘。
In the sixth month the monk Fajing gathered a crowd and rebelled in Jizhou, killed the magistrate of Fucheng, and styled himself Mahayana.
5
秋七月癸卯，蠕蠕國遣使朝獻。 丁未，詔假右光祿大夫元遙征北大將軍，攻討法慶。 宕昌國遣使朝獻。 八月乙亥，領軍于忠矯詔殺左僕射郭祚、尚書裴植，免太傅、領太尉、高陽王雍官，以王還第。 丙子，尊皇太妃為皇太后。 己卯，吐谷渾國遣使朝獻。 庚辰，蕭衍定州刺史田超秀率眾三千請降。 戊子，帝朝皇太后於宣光殿，大赦天下。 己丑，司徒、清河王懌進位太傅，領太尉； 司空、廣平王懷為太保，領司徒； 驃騎大將軍、任城王澄為司空。 庚寅，車騎大將軍于忠為尚書令，特進崔光為車騎大將軍，並儀同三司。 壬辰，復前江陽王繼本國； 以濟南王彧復先封，為臨淮王。 羣臣奏請皇太后臨朝稱制。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the guimao day, Rouran sent envoys with tribute. On the dingwei day an edict made Yuan Yao, acting right honorable grand master, general who campaigns north to attack Fajing. Dangchang sent envoys with tribute. In the eighth month, on the yihai day, Yu Zhong, director of the palace guard, forged an edict and killed Guo Zuo, left vice director, and Pei Zhi, minister; he removed Yong, grand tutor, grand minister, and Prince of Gaoyang, from office and sent the prince home. On the bingzi day the imperial noble consort was honored as empress dowager. On the jimao day Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. On the gengchen day Tian Chaoqiu, Xiao Yan's inspector of Dingzhou, led three thousand men to request surrender. On the wuzi day the emperor attended upon the empress dowager at the Xuanguang Hall and proclaimed a general amnesty throughout the realm. On the jichou day Yi, minister over the masses and Prince of Qinghe, was promoted to grand tutor and held additionally the post of grand minister; Huai, minister of works and Prince of Guangping, was made grand guardian and held additionally the post of minister over the masses; Cheng, grand general of agile cavalry and Prince of Rencheng, was made minister of works. On the gengyin day Yu Zhong was made minister director; Cui Guang, special advanced, was made grand general of chariots and cavalry; both held equal precedence with the three excellencies. On the renchen day the former Prince of Jiangyang Ji was restored to his original state; Yu, Prince of Jinan, was restored to his former enfeoffment as Prince of Linhuai. The ministers memorialized requesting that the empress dowager hold court and exercise regency.
6
九月乙巳，皇太后親覽萬機，詔曰：「高祖革禮成治，遺澤在民。 世宗纂承丕業，聖德昭達。 朕以沖孺，屬當寶圖，洪基至重，若履冰薄。 王公百辟羣牧庶官，皆受遇先朝，寵榮自昔，宜各勉崇，共康世道，勠力竭誠，以匡輔不逮。 其有懷道丘園、昧跡板築、山栖谷飲、舒卷從時者，宜廣戔帛，緝和鼎餁。 有能讜言直諫、濟世益時者，在所以聞，當待以不次之位。 孝子、順孫、義夫、節婦，表其門閭，以彰厥美。 高年孤獨不能自存者，贍以粟帛。 若因饑失業、天屬流離，或賣鬻男女以為僕隸者，各聽歸還。 比冀方未肅，徐城寇擾，將統久勞，士卒疲弊，並遣撫慰，賜以衣馬。 緣邊州鎮，固捍之勞，朔方酋庶，北面所委，亦令勞賚，以副其心。 其有先朝舊事寢而不舉、頃來便習不依軌式者，並可疏聞，當加覽裁。 若益時利治、不拘常制者，自依別例。 其明相申約，稱朕意焉。」
In the ninth month, on the yisi day, the empress dowager personally handled affairs of state; an edict said, "Gaozu reformed rites and completed governance; his lingering bounty rests on the people. Shizong succeeded the great enterprise; his sage virtue shone far. We, being young and tender, have been set upon the imperial chart; the great foundation is weighty indeed, as if treading on thin ice. Kings, dukes, the hundred ministers, provincial governors, and all officials have all received favor from the former court; glory and honor are of old—each should strive to exalt virtue, together to secure the age, and with united strength and utmost loyalty assist where we fall short. Those who cherish the Way in garden and grove, hide their tracks at the pounding frame, dwell in mountains and drink in valleys, and unfold or withdraw as the times require should be given ample silks to harmonize the tripod's stew. Those able to offer forthright counsel and benefit the age should be reported from their districts and will be appointed to extraordinary rank. Filial sons, obedient grandsons, righteous husbands, and chaste wives should have their gates marked to display their excellence. The aged and solitary who cannot support themselves should be provided grain and cloth. If because of famine they lost their livelihood and kin were scattered, or if men and women were sold as slaves, each may be allowed to return. Recently the Ji region was not yet pacified and Xucheng suffered raids; the commanders have long been toiling and the soldiers weary—envoys should be sent to comfort them and grant clothing and horses. Border provinces and garrisons bear the labor of solid defense; chiefs and people of the northern frontier are entrusted to the north—let them also be rewarded with labor gifts to satisfy their hearts. Where former-court matters have lain dormant and recent custom does not follow the standard pattern, all may be reported in summary for our review. If something benefits the age and governance and is not bound by regular statutes, it shall follow a separate precedent. Make this clearly understood and in accord with our intent."
7
甲寅，征北元遙破斬法慶及渠帥百餘人，傳首京師。 安定王爕薨。 庚申，高昌、庫莫奚、契丹諸國並遣使朝獻。 蕭衍將趙祖悅襲據硤石。 癸亥，詔定州刺史崔亮假鎮南將軍，率諸將討之； 冀州刺史蕭寶夤為鎮東將軍，次淮堰。 戊辰，鄧至國遣使朝貢。
On the jiayin day Yuan Yao, who campaigns north, defeated and beheaded Fajing and more than a hundred chieftains; their heads were sent to the capital. Ye, Prince of Anding, died. On the gengshen day Gaochang, Kumo Xi, and Khitan all sent envoys with tribute. Xiao Yan's general Zhao Zuyue seized and held Xiashi by surprise. On the guihai day an edict made Cui Liang, inspector of Dingzhou, acting general who pacifies the south and lead the generals to attack; Xiao Baoyin, inspector of Jizhou, was made general who pacifies the east and encamped at the Huai dam. On the wuchen day Dengzhi sent envoys with tribute.
8
冬十月庚午朔，勿吉國貢楛矢。 壬午，高麗、吐谷渾國並遣使朝獻。 乙酉，以安定公胡國珍為中書監、儀同三司。 甲午，蕭衍弘化太守杜桂舉郡內屬。 十有二月辛丑，以高陽王雍為太師。 己酉，鎮南崔亮破祖悅，遂圍硤石。 丁卯，帝、皇太后謁景陵。 高車國遣使朝獻。
In the tenth month of winter, on the gengwu day, the new moon, Wuji presented tribute arrows. On the renwu day Goryeo and Tuyuhun both sent envoys with tribute. On the yiyou day Hu Guozhen, Duke of Anding, was made director of the secretariat and held equal precedence with the three excellencies. On the jiawu day Du Gui, Xiao Yan's administrator of Honghua, surrendered his commandery inward. In the twelfth month, on the xinchou day, Yong, Prince of Gaoyang, was made grand preceptor. On the jiyou day Cui Liang, who pacifies the south, defeated Zuyue and then besieged Xiashi. On the dingmao day the emperor and empress dowager visited Jingling. The Gaoche state sent envoys with tribute.
9
熙平元年春正月戊辰朔，大赦，改年。 荊沔都督元志大破蕭衍軍，斬其恒農太守王世定等。 以吏部尚書李平為鎮軍大將軍兼尚書右僕射，為行臺，節度討硤石諸軍。 二月乙巳，鎮東蕭寶夤大破衍將於淮北。 癸亥，初聽秀才對策，第居中上已上，敍之。 乙丑，鎮南崔亮、鎮軍李平等克硤石，斬衍豫州刺史趙祖悅，傳首京師，盡俘其眾。 是月，吐谷渾、宕昌、鄧至諸國並遣朝貢。 三月辛未，以揚州刺史李崇為驃騎將軍、儀同三司。 壬辰，以硤石俘虜分賜百僚。
In the first month of spring in the first year of Xiping, on the wuchen day, the new moon, a general amnesty was proclaimed; the reign title was changed. Yuan Zhi, area commander of Jing and Mian, greatly defeated Xiao Yan's army and beheaded Wang Shiding, his administrator of Hengnong, and others. Li Ping, minister of personnel, was made general who pacifies the army and concurrently right vice director; he was made mobile headquarters to direct the armies attacking Xiashi. In the second month, on the yisi day, Xiao Baoyin, who pacifies the east, greatly defeated Yan's generals north of the Huai. On the guihai day, for the first time licentiates were examined by policy essays; those ranked middle upper and above were given office. On the yichou day Cui Liang, who pacifies the south, Li Ping, who pacifies the army, and others took Xiashi, beheaded Zhao Zuyue, Xiao Yan's inspector of Yuzhou, sent his head to the capital, and captured all his followers. That month Tuyuhun, Dangchang, and Dengzhi all sent tribute. In the third month, on the xinwei day, Li Chong, inspector of Yangzhou, was made grand general of agile cavalry and held equal precedence with the three excellencies. On the renchen day captives from Xiashi were distributed among the hundred officials.
10
夏四月戊戌，以瀛州民饑，開倉賑恤。 高昌、陰平國並遣使朝獻。 五月丁卯朔，詔曰：「炎旱積辰，苗稼萎悴，比雖微澍，猶未霑洽，晚種不納，企望憂勞，在予之責，思自兢厲。 尚書可釐恤獄犴，察其淹枉，簡量輕重，隨事以聞，無使一人怨嗟，增傷和氣。 土木作役，權皆休罷，勸農省務，肆力田疇。 庶嘉澤近降，豐年可必。」 蕭衍衡州刺史張齊寇益州，[1]復以傅豎眼為刺史以討之，頻破賊軍，斬其將任太洪首。 庚午，詔放華林野獸於山澤。 丙戌，吐谷渾遣使朝獻。
In the fourth month of summer, on the wuxu day, because the people of Yingzhou were famished, granaries were opened to relieve them. Gaochang and Yinping both sent envoys with tribute. In the fifth month, on the dingmao day, the new moon, an edict said, "Heat and drought have lasted many days; the crops wither; though there has been slight rain, it has not yet soaked through; late plantings are not in; we look up in anxious toil—the blame rests on us, and we think to discipline ourselves. The Secretariat should examine and comfort those in prison, investigate wrongful detention, weigh severity and lightness, and report as matters arise, so that not one person groans in resentment and harmony is further harmed. Earth and timber projects are for the time all halted; encourage farming and reduce affairs; exert strength in the fields. May the good rains soon descend and an abundant year be assured." Xiao Yan's inspector of Hengzhou Zhang Qi raided Yizhou, [1] and Fu Shuyan was again made inspector to attack him; he repeatedly defeated the rebel armies and beheaded their general Ren Taihong. On the gengwu day an edict released the wild beasts of Hualin Park to mountains and marshes. On the bingxu day Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute.
11
秋七月庚午，重申殺牛之禁。 丙子，詔兵士征硤石者復租賦一年。 傅竪眼大破張齊，齊遁走。 乙酉，高昌國遣使朝獻。 八月乙巳，以侍中、中書監、儀同三司、安定郡開國公胡國珍為都督雍涇岐華東秦豳六州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、雍州刺史。 丙午，詔曰：「先賢列聖，道冠生民，仁風盛德，煥乎圖史。 暨曆數永終，迹隨物變，陵𡑞沓藹，鞠為茂草，古帝諸陵，多見踐藉。 可明敕所在，諸有帝王墳陵，四面各五十步勿聽耕稼。」 宕昌國遣使朝貢。 九月丁丑，淮堰破，蕭衍緣淮城戍村落十餘萬口，皆漂入于海。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the gengwu day, the prohibition on slaughtering cattle was reaffirmed. On the bingzi day an edict granted soldiers who had campaigned at Xiashi one year's remission of tax and corvée. Fu Shuyan greatly defeated Zhang Qi; Qi fled. On the yiyou day Gaochang sent envoys with tribute. In the eighth month, on the yisi day, Hu Guozhen, attendant at the secretariat, director of the secretariat, equal in rank with the three excellencies, and Duke of Anding commandery, was made area commander of Yong, Jing, Qi, Hua, East Qin, and Bin—six provinces—grand general of agile cavalry, commissioner with the golden axe, and inspector of Yongzhou. On the bingwu day an edict said, "Former sages and successive holy ones—their Way crowns living men; benevolent winds and flourishing virtue shine in the histories. When the mandate's term ended forever, traces followed things in change; tombs piled in mist, turned to rank grass; ancient emperors' mausolea were often trampled. Let it be clearly ordered in every place that for all imperial tombs, within fifty paces on each side, farming is not permitted." Dangchang sent envoys with tribute. In the ninth month, on the dingchou day, the Huai dam broke; more than a hundred thousand mouths in Xiao Yan's garrison towns and villages along the Huai were all swept into the sea.
12
十有二月癸巳，詔洛陽、河陰及諸曹雜人年七十已上、鰥寡貧困不能自存，及年雖少而痼疾長廢、窮苦不濟者，研實具列以聞。
In the twelfth month, on the guisi day, an edict ordered that in Luoyang, Heyin, and among miscellaneous persons of various offices—those seventy and above, widowers and widows in poverty unable to support themselves, and though young yet chronically ill and long disabled or destitute and unable to get by—should be investigated in truth and listed in full for report.
13
夏四月甲午，高麗、波斯、疏勒、嚈噠諸國並遣使朝獻。 丁酉，詔京尹所統，百年以上賜大郡板，九十以上賜小郡板。 戊申，以中書監、開府儀同三司胡國珍為司徒公，特進、汝南王悅為中書監、儀同三司。 乙卯，皇太后幸伊闕石窟寺，即日還宮。 安定王超改封北平王。 五月辛酉，詔曰：「揚州硤石、荊山、新淮、酇城兵士戰沒者，追給斂財，復一房五年； 若無妻子，復其家一人二年。 身被三創，賞一階； 雖一創而四體廢落者，亦同此賞。」 庚辰，重申天文之禁，犯者以大辟論。 乙酉，鄧至國遣使朝貢。
In the fourth month of summer, on the jiawu day, Goryeo, Persia, Shule, and Yanda all sent envoys with tribute. On the dingyou day an edict ordered that within the capital prefect's jurisdiction, those a hundred and above were granted a great commandery staff, those ninety and above a small commandery staff. On the wushen day Hu Guozhen, director of the secretariat and commissioner with the golden axe, was made minister of works; Yue, special advanced and Prince of Runan, was made director of the secretariat and held equal precedence with the three excellencies. On the yimao day the empress dowager visited the Yique cave temple and returned to the palace the same day. Chao, Prince of Anding, was enfeoffed afresh as Prince of Beiping. In the fifth month, on the xinyou day, an edict said, "For soldiers killed in battle at Yangzhou's Xiashi, Jingshan, Xinhuai, and Zuo city, burial goods are granted posthumously and one household is granted five years' tax remission; If they had no wife or children, one person of the household was granted two years' remission. Those wounded in three places received one rank of reward; Even with one wound, if the four limbs were crippled, the reward was the same." On the gengchen day the prohibition on astronomical matters was reaffirmed; violators were sentenced to death. On the yiyou day Dengzhi sent envoys with tribute.
14
秋七月乙丑，地伏羅、罽賓國並遣使朝獻。 乙亥，中書監、儀同三司、汝南王悅坐殺人免官，以王還第。 己巳，車駕有事於太廟。 八月戊戌，宴太祖以來宗室年十五以上於顯陽殿，申家人之禮。 己亥，詔庶族子弟年未十五不聽入仕。 詔曰：「皇魏開基，道邁周漢，蟬連二都，德盛百祀，雖帝胤蕃衍，親賢並茂，而猶沉屈素履，巾褐衡門，非所謂廣命戚族，翼屏王室者也。 今可依世近遠，敍之列位。」 庚子，詔咸陽、京兆二王子女還附屬籍。 壬寅，吐谷渾國遣使朝獻。 丁未，詔侍中、太師、高陽王雍入居門下，參決尚書奏事。 己酉，契丹國遣使朝貢。 九月辛酉，吐谷渾國遣使朝貢。 丙寅，詔曰：「察訟理冤，實維政首，躬親聽覽，民信所由。 比日諒闇之中，治綱未振，獄犴繁廣，嗟訴驟聞，雖曰司存，每多誣壅。 曾是寡德，實深矜慨。 自今月望，當暫出城闉，親納滯枉。 主者可宣諸近遠，咸使聞知。」 是月，城青、齊、兗、涇、平、營、肆七州所治東陽、歷城、瑕丘、平涼、肥如、和龍、九原七城。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the yichou day, Divuoluo and Kasmira both sent envoys with tribute. On the yihai day Yue, director of the secretariat, equal in rank with the three excellencies, and Prince of Runan, was removed from office for killing a man and sent home as a prince. On the jisi day the imperial carriage performed rites at the Grand Temple. In the eighth month, on the wuxu day, clansmen of the lineage from Taizu aged fifteen and above were feasted in the Xianyang Hall and the rites of family kinship were observed. On the jihai day an edict forbade commoner youths under fifteen from entering office. An edict said, "The Great Wei founded its state; its Way surpasses Zhou and Han; it linked the two capitals; its virtue flourished for a hundred generations; though imperial descendants multiplied and kin and worthies alike flourished, many still sank in plain conduct behind hemp cloth at the lane gate—not what is meant by broadly appointing the imperial kin to wing and screen the royal house. Now according to nearness in generation they may be ranked in order of precedence." On the gengzi day an edict ordered the children of the Princes of Xianyang and Jingzhao returned to their affiliated registers. On the renyin day Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. On the dingwei day an edict ordered Yong, attendant at the secretariat, grand preceptor, and Prince of Gaoyang, to enter the Gate Department and participate in deciding Secretariat memorials. On the jiyou day Khitan sent envoys with tribute. In the ninth month, on the xinyou day, Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. On the bingyin day an edict said, "Examining lawsuits and righting wrongs is truly the head of government; personally hearing and viewing is the source of the people's trust. Recently in the period of mourning seclusion the governing net was not yet taut; prisons were numerous and wide; laments and appeals were suddenly heard; though there were officials in charge, many cases were falsely blocked. It is because our virtue is slight that we are deeply moved with compassion. From this month's full moon we shall for a time go outside the city gate and personally receive stagnant wrongs. The chief officials should announce this near and far so all may hear and know." That month seven cities were walled—Dongyang, Licheng, Xiaqiu, Pingliang, Feiru, Helong, and Jiuyuan—administered by the seven provinces Qing, Qi, Yan, Jing, Ping, Ying, and Si.
15
冬十月庚寅，以幽、冀、滄、瀛四州大饑，遣尚書長孫稚，兼尚書鄧羨、元纂等巡撫百姓，開倉賑恤。 丁酉，勿吉國貢楛矢。 [2]戊戌，以光州饑弊，遣使賑恤。 乙卯，詔曰：「北京根舊，帝業所基，南遷二紀，猶有留住。 懷本樂故，未能自遣，若未遷者，悉可聽其仍停，安堵永業。 門才術藝、應於時求者，自別徵引，不在斯例。 周之子孫，漢之劉族，遍於海內，咸致蕃衍，豈拘南北千里而已哉。」 十有一月甲子，蕭衍平西將軍、巴州刺史牟漢寵遣使請降。 十有二月丁未，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。
In the tenth month of winter, on the gengyin day, because You, Ji, Cang, and Ying—four provinces—suffered great famine, Ministers Changsun Zhi, Deng Xian, and Yuan Zuan were sent to tour and comfort the people and open granaries for relief. On the dingyou day Wuji presented tribute arrows. [2] On the wuxu day, because Guangzhou was famished and distressed, envoys were sent to relieve the people. On the yimao day an edict said, "The northern capital is the root of our old domain; the imperial enterprise is founded there; two reigns since the southward move, many still remain. Those who cherish their homeland and delight in the old and cannot yet leave themselves may all be allowed to stay on and settle in peace. Those with talent and arts fit for the needs of the time will be summoned separately and are not within this rule. The sons of Zhou and the Liu clan of Han spread throughout the realm and all flourished in number—how could they be confined to a thousand li north and south alone?" In the eleventh month, on the jiazi day, Mou Hanlong, Xiao Yan's general who pacifies the west and inspector of Bazhou, sent envoys to request surrender. In the twelfth month, on the dingwei day, Rouran sent envoys with tribute.
16
神龜元年春正月甲子，詔以氐酋楊定為陰平王。 丙寅，以特進、江陽王繼為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 壬申，詔曰：「朕沖昧撫運，政道未康，民之疾苦，弗遑紀恤，夙宵矜慨，鑒寐深懷，眷彼百齡，悼茲六極。 京畿百年以上給大郡板，九十以上給小郡板，八十以上給大縣板，七十以上給小縣板； 諸州百姓，百歲以上給小郡板，九十以上給上縣板，八十以上給中縣板； 鰥寡孤獨不能自存者，賜粟五斛、帛二匹。」 庚辰，詔以雜役之戶或冒入清流，所在職人皆五人相保，無人任保者奪官還役。 乙酉，加特進、汝南王悅儀同三司。 秦州羌反。 幽州大饑，民死者三千七百九十九人，詔刺史趙邕開倉賑恤。 二月戊申，嚈噠、高麗、勿吉、吐谷渾、宕昌、疏勒、久末陁、末久半諸國，[3]並遣使朝獻。 己酉，詔以神龜表瑞，大赦改年。 東益州氐反。 蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 三月辛酉，以尚書右僕射于忠為儀同三司。 辛巳，儀同三司、尚書右僕射于忠薨。 南秦州氐反，遣龍驤將軍崔襲持節喻之。 吐谷渾國遣使朝貢。
In the first month of spring in the first year of Shengui, on the jiazi day, an edict enfeoffed the Di chieftain Yang Ding as Prince of Yinping. On the bingyin day Ji, special advanced and Prince of Jiangyang, was made grand general of agile cavalry and held equal precedence with the three excellencies. On the renshen day an edict said, "We, young and dim, hold the mandate; the way of government is not yet at peace; the people's toils and pains we have not had leisure to record and comfort; morning and evening we are moved with compassion, waking and sleeping our hearts are deeply burdened; we look upon the hundred-year span and mourn these six extremities. Within the capital districts those a hundred and above were granted a great commandery staff, those ninety and above a small commandery staff, those eighty and above a great county staff, those seventy and above a small county staff; Among the people of the provinces, those a hundred and above were granted a small commandery staff, those ninety and above an upper county staff, those eighty and above a middle county staff; Widowers, widows, orphans, and the solitary who could not support themselves were granted five piculs of grain and two bolts of silk." On the gengchen day an edict ordered that among corvée households some had falsely entered the clear current; officeholders everywhere were each to guarantee one another in groups of five; those with no one to stand surety were stripped of office and returned to corvée. On the yiyou day Yue, special advanced and Prince of Runan, was given additional equal precedence with the three excellencies. The Di of Qinzhou rebelled. Youzhou suffered great famine; three thousand seven hundred ninety-nine people died; an edict ordered Zhao Yong, inspector, to open granaries for relief. In the second month, on the wushen day, Yanda, Goryeo, Wuji, Tuyuhun, Dangchang, Shule, Jiumotuo, Mojuoban, and other states [3] all sent envoys with tribute. On the jiyou day an edict, because of the Shengui auspicious omen, proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the reign title. The Di of East Yizhou rebelled. Rouran sent envoys with tribute. In the third month, on the xinyou day, Yu Zhong, right vice director, was given equal precedence with the three excellencies. On the xinsi day Yu Zhong, equal in rank with the three excellencies and right vice director, died. The Di of South Qinzhou rebelled; Cui Xi, general of dragon cavalry, was sent bearing credentials to instruct them. Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute.
17
夏四月丁酉，司徒胡國珍薨。 甲辰，江陽王繼改封京兆王。 辛亥，舍摩國遣使朝獻。 五月，高麗、高車、高昌諸國並遣使朝貢。 自正月不雨至于六月辛卯，澍雨乃降。
In the fourth month of summer, on the dingyou day, Hu Guozhen, minister of works, died. On the jiachen day Ji, Prince of Jiangyang, was enfeoffed afresh as Prince of Jingzhao. On the xinhai day Shemo sent envoys with tribute. In the fifth month Goryeo, Gaoche, and Gaochang all sent envoys with tribute. From the first month there was no rain until the sixth month, on the xinmao day; soaking rain then fell.
18
秋七月，河州民却鐵怱聚眾反，自稱水池王。 詔行臺源子恭討之。 閏月戊戌，吐谷渾國遣使朝貢。 甲辰，開恒州銀山之禁，與民共之。 丁未，波斯、疏勒、烏萇、龜茲諸國並遣使朝獻。 八月癸丑朔，詔曰：「朕沖昧纂曆，未閑政道，皇太后殷憂在疚，始覽萬幾。 故獄犴淹枉，百姓冤弊，言念繁刑，思存降省，京師見囚，殊死以下可悉減一等。」 丁巳，詔曰：「頃年以來，戎車頻動，服制未終，奪哀從役。 罔極之痛弗申，鞠育之恩靡報，非所謂敦崇至道者也。 自今雖金革之事，皆不得請起居喪。」 甲子，勿吉國遣使朝貢。 鐵怱相率降於行臺源子恭。 九月癸未朔，以右光祿大夫劉騰為衞將軍、儀同三司。 戊申，皇太后高氏崩于瑤光寺。 冬十月丁卯，以尼禮葬於北邙。
In the seventh month of autumn the people of Hezhou, Que Tiecong, gathered a crowd and rebelled and styled himself King of the Water Pool. An edict ordered Yuan Zigong, mobile headquarters, to attack him. In the intercalary month, on the wuxu day, Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. On the jiachen day the prohibition on Yinshan silver mines in Hengzhou was lifted and shared with the people. On the dingwei day Persia, Shule, Wuchang, and Kucha all sent envoys with tribute. In the eighth month, on the guichou day, the new moon, an edict said, "We, young and dim, have succeeded to the calendar and are not yet skilled in the way of government; the empress dowager, in deep sorrow, has begun to view the myriad affairs. Therefore prisoners linger in wrongful detention and the people suffer injustice; thinking of excessive punishments, we wish to reduce and lighten them; prisoners seen in the capital, from death downward, may all have their sentence reduced one degree." On the dingsi day an edict said, "In recent years war-chariots have moved frequently; mourning garments are not yet ended yet grief is set aside to follow service. The pain of boundless loss is not expressed; the grace of nurturing is not repaid—this is not what is called honoring the utmost Way. From now on, even when there are campaigns in metal and hide, none may request leave for home mourning." On the jiazi day Wuji sent envoys with tribute. Tiecong and his followers successively surrendered to Yuan Zigong, mobile headquarters. In the ninth month, on the guiwei day, the new moon, Liu Teng, right honorable grand master, was made general of the guard and held equal precedence with the three excellencies. On the wushen day Empress Dowager Gao died at the Yaoguang Temple. In the tenth month of winter, on the dingmao day, she was buried at Beimang by nun rites.
19
十有二月辛未，詔曰：「民生有終，下歸兆域，京邑隱賑，口盈億萬，貴賤攸憑，未有定所，為民父母，尤宜存恤。 今制乾脯山以西，擬為九原。」
In the twelfth month, on the xinwei day, an edict said, "Human life has an end and all return to the burial ground; within the capital hidden and exposed corpses number in the hundred millions; noble and base alike have no fixed place; as parents of the people we should especially preserve and comfort them. Now west of Mount Ganpu is designated as the place for Jiuyuan."
20
二年春正月丁亥，詔曰：「朕以沖眇，纂承寶位，夙夜惟寅，若涉淵海。 賴皇太后慈仁，被以夙訓。 自臨朝踐極，歲將半紀，天平地成，四海寧乂。 天道高遠，巍巍難名，猶以撝挹自居，稱號弗備，非所以崇奉坤元，允協億兆者也。 宜遵舊典，稱詔宇內，以副黎蒸元元之望。」 是月，改葬文昭皇太后高氏。 二月乙丑，齊郡王祐薨。 庚午，羽林千餘人焚征西將軍張彝第，毆傷彝，燒殺其子始均。 吐谷渾、宕昌國並遣使朝貢。 乙亥，大赦天下。 丁丑，詔求直言，諸有上書者聽密封通奏。 壬寅，詔曰：「農要之月，時澤弗應，嘉穀未納，三麥枯悴。 德之無感，歎懼兼懷。 可敕內外，依舊雩祈，率從祀典。 察獄理冤，掩胔埋骼。 冀瀛之境，往經寇暴，死者既多，白骨橫道，可遣專令收葬。 賑窮恤寡，救疾存老，準訪前式，務令周備。」 三月甲辰，澍雨大洽。
In the first month of spring in the second year, on the dinghai day, an edict said, "We, young and slight, have succeeded to the precious throne; morning and evening we are reverent, as if crossing a deep sea. We rely on the empress dowager's compassionate benevolence, covered with early instruction. Since holding court and treading the pinnacle, nearly half a reign has passed; heaven is level and earth at peace; within the four seas there is quiet. The Way of Heaven is high and far, lofty and hard to name; yet we still restrain ourselves and hold back, our title not complete—not what is meant by honoring and serving Earth's origin and harmonizing with the hundred millions. We should follow the old canon and proclaim our title throughout the realm, to answer the hope of the black-haired masses." That month Empress Wenzhao of the Gao clan was reburied. In the second month, on the yichou day, You, Prince of Qi commandery, died. On the gengwu day more than a thousand guardsmen burned the residence of Zhang Yi, general who campaigns west, beat Yi, and burned and killed his son Shi Jun. Tuyuhun and Dangchang both sent envoys with tribute. On the yihai day a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On the dingchou day an edict sought forthright speech; those who submitted memorials were permitted to seal them and have them forwarded. On the renyin day an edict said, "In the crucial month of farming the seasonal rains have not responded; the good grain is not yet gathered; the three wheats wither. That virtue has no effect fills us with sighs and fear together. Let inner and outer offices follow the old rain-prayer and lead the sacrificial canon. Examine prisons and right wrongs; cover exposed corpses and bury bones. In the Ji and Ying regions, which formerly suffered raids, the dead were many and white bones lay across the roads—special commissioners may be sent to gather and bury them. Relieve the poor and comfort the widowed; heal the sick and preserve the aged; consult former models and see that all is thoroughly done." In the third month, on the jiachen day, soaking rain fell abundantly.
21
夏四月乙丑，嚈噠國遣使朝貢。 五月戊戌，以司空、任城王澄為司徒，驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、京兆王繼為司空。
In the fourth month of summer, on the yichou day, Yanda sent envoys with tribute. In the fifth month, on the wuxu day, Cheng, minister of works and Prince of Rencheng, was made minister over the masses; Ji, grand general of agile cavalry, equal in rank with the three excellencies, and Prince of Jingzhao, was made minister of works.
22
秋八月己未，御史中尉、東平王匡坐事削除官爵。 辛未，以左光祿大夫皇甫集為征西將軍、儀同三司。 九月庚寅，皇太后幸崧高山； 癸巳，還宮。 瀛州民劉宣明謀反，事覺伏誅。
In the eighth month of autumn, on the jiwei day, Kuang, censor-in-chief and Prince of Dongping, was punished for an offense and stripped of office and rank. On the xinwei day Huangfu Ji, left honorable grand master, was made general who campaigns west and held equal precedence with the three excellencies. In the ninth month, on the gengyin day, the empress dowager visited Mount Song; On the guisi day she returned to the palace. The people of Yingzhou, Liu Xuanming, plotted rebellion; when the matter was discovered he was executed.
23
冬十有一月乙酉，蠕蠕莫緣梁賀侯豆率男女七百人來降。 十有二月癸丑，司徒、任城王澄薨。 庚申，大赦天下。 詔除淫祀，焚諸雜神。
In the eleventh month of winter, on the yiyou day, Rouran's Mohulian Hehoudou led seven hundred men and women to come and surrender. In the twelfth month, on the guichou day, Cheng, minister over the masses and Prince of Rencheng, died. On the gengshen day a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. An edict abolished licentious sacrifices and burned miscellaneous gods.
24
是歲，高麗王雲死，以世子安為其國王。
That year the king of Goryeo, Yun, died; his heir An was made king of that state.
25
正光元年春正月乙酉，詔曰：「建國緯民，立教為本，尊師崇道，茲典自昔。 來歲仲陽，節和氣潤，釋奠孔顏，乃其時也。 有司可豫繕國學，圖飾聖賢，置官簡牲，擇吉備禮。」
In the first month of spring in the first year of Zhenguang, on the yiyou day, an edict said, "Founding the state and binding the people—establishing teaching is the root; honoring teachers and exalting the Way is the canon from of old. Next year in mid-yang the season is harmonious and qi moist; offering sacrifice to Confucius and Yan Hui—that is the time. The relevant offices should beforehand repair the National University, depict and adorn the sages, appoint officers and select victims, choose an auspicious day and prepare the rites."
26
夏四月丙辰，詔尚書長孫稚巡撫北藩，觀察風俗。 五月辛巳，詔曰：「朕以寡薄，運膺寶圖，雖未明求衣，惕懼終日，而闇昧多闕，炎旱為災，在予之愧，無忘寢食。 今刑獄繁多，囹圄尚積，宜敷仁惠，以濟斯民。 八座可推鞠見囚，務申枉濫。」 癸未，詔曰：「攘災招應，修政為本，民乃神主，實宜率先。 刺史守令與朕共治天下，宜哀矜勿喜，視民如傷。 況今炎旱歷時，萬時彫弊，而不撫恤窮冤，理決庶獄。 可嚴敕州郡，善加綏隱，務盡聰明，加之祗肅，必使事允人神，時致靈應。 其賦役不便於民者，具以狀聞，便當蠲罷。」
In the fourth month of summer, on the bingchen day, an edict ordered Changsun Zhi, minister, to tour the northern frontier and observe customs. In the fifth month, on the xinsi day, an edict said, "We, slight and few, have received the precious chart; though we have not yet sought robes at dawn, we are wary and fearful all day; yet dimness and many faults remain; heat and drought are calamities; the blame rests on us and we cannot forget it even in sleep and eating. Now criminal cases are numerous and the prisons still hold many; benevolence and kindness should be spread to aid these people. The Eight Seats should examine and try visible prisoners and strive to declare wrongful excess." On the guiwei day an edict said, "Warding off calamity and summoning response—repairing government is the root; the people are the spirits' master and should truly take the lead. Inspectors and prefects share in governing the realm with us; they should pity and not rejoice, viewing the people as if wounded. Moreover heat and drought have lasted through the seasons and the myriad things are withered and worn—yet they do not comfort the poor and wronged or decide the multitude of lawsuits. Let orders be sternly sent to provinces and commanderies to soothe and shelter well, striving for full discernment and adding reverence, so that affairs accord between men and spirits and timely spiritual response is achieved. Where tax and corvée are inconvenient for the people, list them in full by memorial and they will at once be remitted and abolished."
27
秋七月丙子，侍中元叉、中侍中劉騰奉帝幸前殿，[4]矯皇太后詔曰：「魏有天下，弈葉重光。 高祖孝文皇帝，以英聖馭天，徙京定鼎。 世宗宣武皇帝，以睿明承業，廓寧區夏，而鴻勳未半，早已登遐。 乃令車書弗同，鯨寇尚熾。 幼主稚弱，夙纂寶曆，曾是宗祏，莫克祗奉，朕所以敬順羣請，臨朝總政。 帝年以長，久思退身，所以往歲殷勤，具陳情旨，百官內外，已照此懷。 而僉爾眾意，苦見勤奪，僶俛從事，以迄于茲。 自此春來，先疾屢發，藥石攝療，莫能善瘳，夏首及今，數加動劇，便不堪日釐萬務，巨細兼省。 帝齒周星紀，識學逾躋，日就月將，人君道茂，足以撫緝萬邦，諧決百揆。 朕當率前志，敬遜別宮，遠惟復子明辟之義，以自綏養，實望羣公逮于黎庶，深鑒斯理。 如此，則上下休嘉，天地清晏，魏道熙隆，人神慶悅，不其善歟？」 乃幽皇太后於北宮，殺太傅、領太尉、清河王懌，總勒禁旅，決事殿中。 辛卯，帝加元服，大赦，改年，內外百官進位一等。 八月甲寅，相州刺史、中山王熙舉兵欲誅叉、騰，不果見殺。 九月壬辰，蠕蠕主阿那瓌來奔。 戊戌，以太師高陽王雍為丞相，加後部羽葆、鼓吹、班劍四十人。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the bingzi day, Yuan Cha, attendant at the secretariat, and Liu Teng, palace attendant, escorted the emperor to the front hall, [4] and forged an edict of Empress Dowager Hu saying, "Wei has possessed the realm; generation after generation its light has been renewed. Gaozu, Emperor Xiaowen, with heroic sagacity ruled Heaven and moved the capital to fix the tripod. Shizong, Emperor Xuanwu, with keen brilliance inherited the enterprise and pacified the realm; yet his great merit was not half done when he early ascended afar. Thus chariots and writing were not yet uniform and whale-bandits still blazed. The young lord is tender and weak; from childhood he has inherited the precious calendar; the altars of the lineage could not be reverently upheld—therefore we respectfully followed the multitude's request and held court to govern all affairs. The emperor's years are already long; for long he has wished to withdraw; therefore last year, earnestly and repeatedly, we fully stated our intent; civil and military officials, inner and outer, have all understood this wish. Yet the unanimous will of all pressed us; we were painfully compelled to accept; we bent our efforts to the task until now. From this spring illness has repeatedly flared; medicines and stones could not cure it well; from early summer until now attacks have grown more severe; we can no longer daily order the myriad affairs or oversee great and small together. The emperor's teeth have passed a full cycle of stars; his knowledge and learning have daily advanced; month by month he grows; the Way of the ruler flourishes—he is fully able to soothe and govern the myriad states and harmoniously decide the hundred duties. We shall lead the former intent and respectfully yield to a separate palace; far considering the meaning of restoring the son and illumining the regent, we shall nurture ourselves thereby; we truly hope that the lords and the black-haired masses will deeply reflect on this principle. If so, then above and below will be blessed and fine, heaven and earth clear and tranquil; Wei's Way will flourish and men and spirits rejoice—is this not good?" Thereupon Empress Dowager Hu was confined in the Northern Palace; Yi, grand tutor, grand minister, and Prince of Qinghe, was killed; they took command of the forbidden guard and decided affairs in the palace hall. On the xinmao day the emperor performed the capping rite; a general amnesty was proclaimed; the reign title was changed; civil and military officials within and without were promoted one rank. In the eighth month, on the jiayin day, Xi, inspector of Xiangzhou and Prince of Zhongshan, raised troops intending to execute Cha and Teng; he did not succeed and was killed. In the ninth month, on the renchen day, the lord of Rouran, Anagui, came as a fugitive. On the wuxu day Yong, grand preceptor and Prince of Gaoyang, was made chancellor and granted rear guard of feather canopy, drums and pipes, and forty guards with ceremonial swords.
28
冬十月乙卯，[5]以驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、汝南王悅為太尉公。
In the tenth month of winter, on the yimao day, [5] Yue, grand general of agile cavalry, equal in rank with the three excellencies, and Prince of Runan, was made grand minister.
29
十有一月己亥，詔曰：「蠕蠕世雄朔方，擅制漠裔，隣通上國，百有餘載。 自神鼎南底，累紀于茲，虔貢雖違，邊燧靜息，憑心象魏，潛款彌純。 今其主阿那瓌屬離時難，邦分親析，萬里遠馳，庇命有道。 悲同申、伍，忠孝足矜。 方存興滅之師，以隆繼絕之舉，宜且優以賓禮，期之立功，疏爵胙土，大啟河岳，可封朔方郡開國公、蠕蠕王，食邑一千戶，錫以衣冕，加以軺車，祿恤儀衞，同乎戚蕃。」 十有二月壬子，詔曰：「蠕蠕王阿那瓌，遭離寇禍，遠來投庇，邦分眾析，猶無定主，而永懷北風，思還綏集。 啟訴情切，良用愍然。 夫存亡恤敗，自古通典。 可差國使及彼前後三介，與阿那瓌相隨； 并敕懷朔都督，簡銳騎二千，躬自率護，送達境首，令觀機招納。 若彼候迎，宜錫筐篚車馬之屬，務使優隆，禮餞而返； 如不容受，任聽還闕。 其行裝資遣，付尚書量給。」 辛酉，以司空、京兆王繼為司徒公。
In the eleventh month, on the jihai day, an edict said, "Rouran for generations was hero of the northern frontier and held sole sway over the desert marches; neighboring our upper state for more than a hundred years. Since the divine tripod moved south, many years have passed; though tribute was sometimes absent, the border beacons were quiet; they leaned their hearts toward our capital and their secret sincerity grew purer. Now their lord Anagui, parted by the hardships of the time, his state divided and kin scattered, galloped ten thousand li and sought refuge under the Way. His grief matches Shen Baoxu and Wu Zixu; his loyalty and filial piety are fully worthy of pity. We should for the time being treat him with guest rites and expect merit; enfeoff him with territory and open the great rivers and mountains—he may be enfeoffed as Duke of a Commandery of Shuofang, state founding, King of Rouran, with a fief of a thousand households, granted robes and crown, and given a light carriage; salary and guards like a kin prince." In the twelfth month, on the renzi day, an edict said, "The King of Rouran, Anagui, having met with bandit calamity, came from afar to seek refuge; his state divided and his followers scattered, he still had no fixed lord; yet he ever cherished the northern wind and thought to return and gather his people. His petition stated his intent earnestly; we are deeply moved. Succoring the perishing and comforting the defeated is the common canon from of old. Envoys of the state may be sent, together with three envoys before and after him, to accompany Anagui; and the area commander of Huaishuo is also ordered to select two thousand elite horsemen, personally lead and escort them to the border head, and observe the moment to summon and receive them. If they there welcome him, baskets of silks, carriages, horses, and the like should be granted, striving for generous elevation, and with ceremony send him off to return; if they will not receive him, let him return to court as he sees fit. His travel gear and dispatch funds shall be measured and given by the Secretariat." On the xinyou day Ji, minister of works and Prince of Jingzhao, was made minister over the masses.
30
二年春正月，南秦州氐反。 二月庚戌，假光祿大夫邴虬撫軍將軍以討之。 癸亥，車駕幸國子學，講孝經。 三月庚午，帝幸國子學祠孔子，以顏淵配。 甲午，右衞將軍奚康生於禁內將殺元叉，不果，為叉矯害。 以儀同三司劉騰為司空公。
In the first month of spring in the second year the Di of South Qinzhou rebelled. In the second month, on the gengxu day, Bing Qiu, acting honorable grand master, was made general who pacifies the army to attack them. On the guihai day the imperial carriage visited the National University and lectured on the Classic of Filial Piety. In the third month, on the gengwu day, the emperor visited the National University to sacrifice to Confucius, with Yan Hui as secondary. On the jiawu day Xi Kangsheng, right guard general, was about to kill Yuan Cha within the forbidden inner quarters; he did not succeed and was killed by Cha through a forged edict. Liu Teng, equal in rank with the three excellencies, was made minister of works.
31
夏四月庚子，司徒京兆王繼進位太保。 壬寅，車騎大將軍、儀同三司崔光為司徒公。 蕭衍義州刺史文僧明率眾內屬。 五月辛巳，南荊州刺史桓叔興自安昌南叛。 乙酉，烏萇國遣使朝貢。 閏月丁巳，居密、波斯國並遣使朝貢。 六月己巳，高昌國遣使朝貢。 癸巳，勿吉國遣使朝貢。
In the fourth month of summer, on the gengzi day, Ji, minister over the masses and Prince of Jingzhao, was promoted to grand guardian. On the renyin day Cui Guang, grand general of chariots and cavalry and equal in rank with the three excellencies, was made minister over the masses. Wen Sengming, Xiao Yan's inspector of Yizhou, led his followers inward in submission. In the fifth month, on the xinsi day, Huan Shuxing, inspector of South Jingzhou, rebelled south from Anchang. On the yiyou day Wuchang sent envoys with tribute. In the intercalary month, on the dingsi day, Jumi and Persia both sent envoys with tribute. In the sixth month, on the jisi day, Gaochang sent envoys with tribute. On the guisi day Wuji sent envoys with tribute.
32
秋七月癸丑，詔曰：「時澤弗降，禾稼形損，在予之責，夙宵震懼，雖克躬撤降，仍無招感。 有司可修案舊典，祗行六事：圄犴淹枉，隨速鞫決； 庶尹廢職，量加修厲； 鰥獨困窮，在所存恤； 役賦煩民，咸加蠲省； 賢良讜直，以時升進，貪殘邪佞，即就屏黜； 男女怨曠，務令會偶。 庶革止懲違，有弭災沴。」 八月己巳，伏羅國遣使朝貢。 蠕蠕後主郁久閭侯匿伐來奔懷朔鎮。 [6]
In the seventh month of autumn, on the guichou day, an edict said, "The seasonal rains have not descended; grain and crops are damaged in form; the blame rests on us; morning and evening we are shaken with fear; though we have personally restrained and reduced offerings, still there is no response summoned. The relevant offices should examine and follow the old canon and reverently carry out six measures: wrongful detention in prisons—quickly try and decide; common officials neglecting duty—according to measure add correction and discipline; widowers and the solitary in distress—wherever they are, preserve and comfort; corvée and tax that trouble the people—all add remission and reduction; the worthy and good, forthright and upright—promote in timely fashion; the greedy, cruel, wicked, and flatterers—at once remove and dismiss; men and women long parted in resentment—strive to have them paired. May reform stop what violates and calamity be quelled." In the eighth month, on the jisi day, Fulu sent envoys with tribute. The latter lord of Rouran, Yujiulü Hounifa, came as a fugitive to Huaishuo garrison. The text is deficient.
33
三年春正月辛亥，帝耕籍田。
In the first month of spring in the third year, on the xinhai day, the emperor plowed the sacred field.
34
夏四月庚辰，以高車國主覆羅伊匐為鎮西將軍、西海郡開國公、高車王。 六月己巳，詔曰：「朕以沖昧，夙纂寶歷，不能祗奉上靈，感延和氣，致令炎旱頻歲，嘉雨弗洽，百稼燋萎，晚種未下，將成災年，秋稔莫覬。 在予之責，憂懼震懷。 今可依舊分遣有司，馳祈嶽瀆及諸山川百神能興雲雨者，盡其虔肅，必令感降，玉帛牲牢，隨應薦享。 上下群官，側躬自厲，理冤獄，止土功，減膳撤懸，禁止屠殺。」
In the fourth month of summer, on the gengchen day, Fuluo Yifu, lord of Gaoche, was made general who pacifies the west, Duke of Xihai commandery, state founding, and King of Gaoche. In the sixth month, on the jisi day, an edict said, "We, young and dim, from childhood have inherited the precious calendar; we have not been able to reverently serve the upper spirits or move and extend harmonious qi; therefore heat and drought have come year after year; good rain has not soaked through; the hundred crops are scorched and withered; late plantings are not yet sown; a year of calamity is forming; the autumn harvest cannot be hoped for. The blame rests on us; we are anxious and fearful, shaken in heart. Now according to the old model commissioners may be sent separately to pray at the sacred mountains and rivers and all mountains and rivers and the hundred spirits able to raise clouds and rain; let them be utterly reverent so response must descend; jade and silk and victims and oxen, as each deserves, should be offered. Officials above and below should bend themselves in self-discipline, decide wrongful cases, halt earthworks, reduce meals and withdraw music, and forbid slaughter."
35
秋七月壬子，波斯、不漢、龜茲諸國遣使朝貢。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the renzi day, Persia, Buhan, and Kucha all sent envoys with tribute.
36
冬十月己巳，吐谷渾國遣使朝貢。 十有一月乙巳，車駕有事於圓丘。 丙午，詔曰：「治歷明時，前王茂軌，考辰正律，弈代通規。 是以北平革定於漢年，楊偉草算於魏世。 自皇運肇基，典章猶缺，推步晷曜，未盡厥理。 先朝仍世，每所慨然。 至神龜中，始命儒官，改創疏踳，回度易憲，[7]始會琁衡。 今天正斯始，陽煦將開，品物初萌，宜變耳目，所謂魏雖舊邦，其曆維新者也。 便可班宣內外，號曰正光曆。 又首節嘉辰，獲展丘禘，神人交和，理契幽顯，思與億兆共此維新，可大赦天下。」 十有二月癸酉，以左光祿大夫皇甫度為儀同三司。 乙酉，以車騎大將軍、尚書右僕射元欽為儀同三司，太保、京兆王繼為太傅，司徒崔光為太保。 丁亥，以牧守妄立碑頌，輒興寺塔； 第宅豐侈，店肆商販。 詔中尉端衡，肅厲威風，以見事糾劾。 七品、六品，祿足代耕，亦不聽錮貼店肆，爭利城市。
In the tenth month of winter, on the jisi day, Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. In the eleventh month, on the yisi day, the imperial carriage performed rites at the Circular Mound. On the bingwu day an edict said, "Governing the calendar and clarifying the seasons is the illustrious track of former kings; examining the stars and correcting the pitch pipes is the common rule of successive ages. Therefore the Northern Ping reform was fixed in Han times and Yang Wei drafted calculations in Wei days. Since our imperial fortune was first founded, the canon and statutes were still lacking; advancing the gnomon and measuring the sun's shadow did not exhaust its principle. Former courts for successive reigns each sighed at this. By the Shengui period Confucian officers were first ordered to reform and create, correcting errors, changing the cycle and altering the statute, [7] and for the first time the armillary sphere was aligned. Now the celestial standard begins anew; yang warmth is about to open; the myriad things first sprout—it is right to renew what eye and ear perceive; this is what is called Wei an old domain yet its calendar is made new. Let it now be proclaimed inner and outer and styled the Zhenguang calendar. Moreover at the first festival of the year we obtained the hill sacrifice at Qiu; spirits and men joined in harmony; principle met between hidden and manifest; we wish to renew this together with the hundred millions—a general amnesty may be proclaimed throughout the realm." In the twelfth month, on the guiyou day, Huangfu Du, left honorable grand master, was given equal precedence with the three excellencies. On the yiyou day Yuan Qin, grand general of chariots and cavalry and right vice director, was given equal precedence with the three excellencies; Ji, grand guardian and Prince of Jingzhao, was made grand tutor; Cui Guang, minister over the masses, was made grand guardian. On the dinghai day, because prefects and magistrates rashly erected steles and eulogies and readily raised temple towers; mansions were lavish and shops traded goods. An edict ordered the censor-in-chief to rectify and sternly awe conduct and impeach on the basis of present facts. Seventh and sixth ranks—salary sufficient to replace farming—were also not permitted to monopolize and post shop signs or contend for profit in the cities.
37
四年春二月壬辰，追封故咸陽王禧為敷城王，京兆王愉為臨洮王，清河王懌為范陽王，以禮加葬。 丁丑，河間王琛、章武王融，並以貪汙削爵除名。 己卯，以蠕蠕主阿那瓌率眾犯塞，遣尚書左丞元孚兼尚書，為北道行臺，持節喻之。 蠕蠕後主侯匿伐來朝京師。 宕昌國遣使朝貢。 司空劉騰薨。
In the second month of spring in the fourth year, on the renchen day, the late Xi, Prince of Xianyang, was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Fucheng; Yu, Prince of Jingzhao, as Prince of Lintao; Yi, Prince of Qinghe, as Prince of Fanyang; they were buried with enhanced rites. On the dingchou day Chen, Prince of Hejian, and Rong, Prince of Zhangwu, were both stripped of rank and name for corruption. On the jimao day, because the lord of Rouran Anagui led his followers to raid the frontier, Yuan Fu, left assistant director and concurrently minister, was made northern route mobile headquarters bearing credentials to instruct him. The latter lord of Rouran Hounifa came to court at the capital. Dangchang sent envoys with tribute. Liu Teng, minister of works, died.
38
夏四月，阿那瓌執元孚，驅掠畜牧北遁。 甲申，詔驃騎大將軍、尚書令李崇，中軍將軍、兼尚書右僕射元纂率騎十萬討蠕蠕，出塞三千餘里，不及而還。
In the fourth month of summer Anagui seized Yuan Fu and drove off livestock north in flight. On jiashen day an edict ordered Li Chong, grand general who conquers on horseback and minister of the Masters of Writing, and Yuan Zuan, general of the center army and acting right vice director of the Masters of Writing, to lead one hundred thousand cavalry against the Rouran; they went beyond the frontier more than three thousand li, failed to overtake them, and returned.
39
秋七月辛亥，詔曰：「達尊斯在，齒預一焉，崇敬黃耇，先代通訓。 故方叔以元老處位，充國緣自強見留。 雖七十致仕，明乎典故，然以德尚壯，許其縶維。 今庶僚之中，或年迫懸車，循禮宜退。 但少收其力，老棄其身，言念勤舊，眷然未忍。 或戴白在朝，未當外任； 或停私歷紀，甫受考級； 如此之徒，雖滿七十，聽其莅民，以終常限。 或新解郡縣，或外佐始停，已滿七十，方求更敍者，吏部可依令不奏。 其有高名俊德、老成髦士、灼然顯達、為時所知者，不拘斯例。 若才非秀異，見在朝官，依令合解者，可給本官半祿，以終其身。 使辭朝之叟，不恨歸於閭巷矣。」
In the seventh month of autumn, on xinhai day, an edict stated: "The most honored is present; in years one is counted among them. Reverence for the hoary-headed is a teaching of former ages. Hence Fang Shu held office as an elder statesman, and Zhao Chongnian because of his own vigor was retained. Although at seventy one should retire, as the classics make clear, yet when virtue is still robust, one may be allowed to remain bound to office. Now among the various officials some approach the age for suspension of the carriage and by ritual ought to withdraw. Yet to take away their strength while young and abandon their persons when old—when I think of their long service, I cannot bear it. Some wear white hair at court and are not yet fit for posts outside the capital; some have just completed private reckonings of years and have only now received their assessment grades; such persons, though they have reached seventy, may be allowed to govern the people until their regular term ends. Those who have newly left prefectures and counties, or who have just ceased serving as external aides, and who, having already reached seventy, now seek reappointment—the Ministry of Personnel may, according to the edict, not memorialize them. Those of lofty fame and outstanding virtue, elders of mature years, men plainly eminent and known to the age, are not bound by this rule. If talent is not outstanding and one now holds office at court and ought to be dismissed under the edict, he may be given half the salary of his former office for life. Thus old men leaving court will not regret returning to their lanes."
40
八月己巳，詔曰：「狂蠢肆暴，陵竊北垂，雖軍威時接，賊徒懾遁，然獯虐所過，多離其禍，言念斯弊，有軫深懷。 可敕北道行臺，遣使巡檢，遭寇之處，饑餒不粒者，厚加賑恤，務令存濟。」 戊寅，詔曰：「朕以眇闇，忝承鴻緒，因祖宗之基，託王公之上，每鑒寐屬慮，思康億兆。 比雨旱愆時，星運舛錯，政理闕和，靈祇表異，永尋夕惕，載恧于懷。 宜詔百司各勤厥職，諸有鰥寡窮疾冤滯不申者，並加釐恤。 若孝子順孫、廉貞義節、才學超異、獨行高時者，具以言上，朕將親覽，加以旌命。」 癸未，追復故范陽王懌為清河王。 九月丁酉，庫莫奚國遣使朝獻。 詔侍中、太尉、汝南王悅入居門下，與丞相、高陽王雍參決尚書奏事。
In the eighth month, on jisi day, an edict stated: "Madness and folly run riot; they encroach on the northern marches. Though our armies press them from time to time and the bandits shrink back in fear, wherever the savage cruelty passes many are torn from their homes. When I think of this harm, my heart is deeply pained. The Northern Route Mobile Office should be ordered to send envoys on inspection tour; wherever the raiders passed, those starving with no grain to eat should be generously relieved and succored, with every effort to preserve them." On wuyin day an edict stated: "I, small and dim, unworthily inherit the great succession; relying on the foundation of the ancestors, I rest upon the princes and dukes. Each waking and sleeping I fix my thoughts, seeking to bring peace to the hundred millions. Lately rain and drought have been out of season, the stars and their courses err, government is not harmonious, and the spirits show prodigies. Long I search myself in evening vigil; shame fills my breast. All hundred offices should be ordered each to be diligent in his duty; all who are widowers, orphans, destitute, ill, wronged, or detained without redress should likewise receive relief and care. If there are filial sons, obedient grandsons, men of integrity and righteous conduct, talent and learning surpassing the common, or solitary conduct lofty for the age, report them fully; I shall personally review them and confer honors." On guiwei day the deceased Prince of Fanyang Yi was posthumously restored as Prince of Qinghe. In the ninth month, on dingyou day, the state of Kumo Xi sent envoys with tribute. An edict ordered Yue, palace attendant, grand commandant, and prince of Runan, to enter and dwell at the Gate Below, together with Yong, chancellor and prince of Gaoyang, to decide memorials of the Masters of Writing.
41
冬十有一月丙申，趙郡王謐薨。 丁酉，太保崔光薨。 十有二月，蕭衍遣將寇邊，詔假征南將軍崔延伯討之。 以太尉、汝南王悅為太保。 徐州刺史、北海王顥坐貪污削除官爵。
In the eleventh month of winter, on bingshen day, Prince of Zhao Commandery Mi died. On dingyou day Grand Mentor Cui Guang died. In the twelfth month Xiao Yan sent generals to raid the frontier; an edict made Cui Yanbo, acting general who conquers the south, commander to attack them. Yue, grand commandant and prince of Runan, was made grand mentor. Yuan Hao, inspector of Xuzhou and prince of Beihai, was removed from office and stripped of rank for corruption.
42
五年春正月辛丑，車駕有事於南郊。 閏二月癸巳，嚈噠國遣使朝貢。
In the fifth year, spring, first month, on xinchou day, the imperial carriage performed the suburban sacrifice at the southern altar. In the intercalary second month, on guisi day, the Hephthalites sent envoys with tribute.
43
三月，沃野鎮人破落汗拔陵聚眾反，[8]殺鎮將，號真王元年。 詔臨淮王彧為鎮軍將軍，假征北將軍，都督北征諸軍事以討之。
In the third month the people of Woye Garrison, Po Luhan Baling, gathered a crowd and rebelled, [8] killed the garrison commander, and styled their era True King, year one. An edict made Yu, prince of Huaiyang, general who guards the army and acting general who campaigns north, grand commander of all armies of the northern campaign, to attack them.
44
夏四月，高平酋長胡琛反，自稱高平王，攻鎮以應拔陵。 別將盧祖遷擊破之，琛北遁。
In the fourth month of summer the chieftain of Gaoping, Hu Chen, rebelled, styled himself King of Gaoping, and attacked garrisons in support of Baling. Separate commander Lu Zuyuan defeated them; Chen fled north.
45
五月，臨淮王彧敗於五原，削除官爵。 壬申，詔尚書令李崇為大都督，率廣陽王淵等北討。
In the fifth month Yu, prince of Huaiyang, was defeated at Wuyuan and stripped of office and rank. On renshen day an edict made Li Chong, minister of the Masters of Writing, grand commander and ordered him to lead Yuan, prince of Guangyang, and others on the northern campaign.
46
六月，秦州城人莫折太提據城反，自稱秦王，殺刺史李彥。 詔雍州刺史元志討之。 南秦州城人孫掩、[9]張長命、韓祖香據城反，殺刺史崔遊以應太提。 太提遣城人卜朝襲克高平，[10]殺鎮將赫連略、行臺高元榮。 太提尋死，子念生代立，僭稱天子，號年天建，置立百官。 丁酉，大赦。
In the sixth month the people of Qin Province, Moqi Taiqi, seized the city and rebelled, styled himself King of Qin, and killed Inspector Li Yan. An edict ordered Yuan Zhi, inspector of Yong Province, to attack them. The people of South Qin Province, Sun Yan, [9] Zhang Changming, and Han Zuxiang seized the city and rebelled, killed Inspector Cui You, and joined Taiqi. Taiqi sent the townsman Bu Chao to seize Gaoping, [10] killed Garrison Commander Helian Lue and Mobile Office Director Gao Yuanrong. Taiqi soon died; his son Niansheng succeeded, usurped the title of Son of Heaven, styled his era Tianjian, and established the full bureaucracy. On dingyou day a general amnesty was proclaimed.
47
秋七月甲寅，詔吏部尚書元脩義兼尚書僕射，為西道行臺，率諸將西討。 戊午，復河間王琛、臨淮王彧本封。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiayin day, an edict made Yuan Xiuyi, minister of personnel, also vice director of the Masters of Writing and western route mobile office commander, to lead the generals on the western campaign. On wuwu day Chen, prince of Hejian, and Yu, prince of Huaiyang, had their original fiefs restored.
48
都督崔暹失利于白道，大都督李崇率眾還平城，坐長史祖瑩截沒軍資，免除官爵。
Commander Cui Xuan was defeated on the White Road; Li Chong, grand commander, led the army back to Pingcheng. Because Chief Clerk Zu Ying had intercepted and seized army supplies, he was removed from office and stripped of rank.
49
丁丑，念生遣其都督楊伯年、樊元、張朗等攻仇鳩、河池二戍，東益州刺史魏子建遣將尹祥、黎叔和擊破之，斬樊元首，殺賊千餘人。
On dingchou day Niansheng sent his commanders Yang Bonian, Fan Yuan, Zhang Lang, and others to attack the garrisons of Qiuchou and Hechi; Wei Zijian, inspector of East Yi Province, sent generals Yin Xiang and Li Shuhe to defeat them, beheaded Fan Yuan, and killed more than a thousand bandits.
50
是月，涼州幢帥于菩提、呼延雄執刺史宋穎據州反。
That month the chieftain of Liang Province, Yu Puti, and Huyan Xiong seized Inspector Song Ying and held the province in rebellion.
51
念生遣其兄高陽王天生下隴東寇。
Niansheng sent his elder brother, Prince of Gaoyang Tiansheng, down from Long to raid east.
52
八月甲午，元志大敗於隴東，退守岐州。 丙申，詔曰：「賞貴宿勞，明主恒德； 恩沾舊績，哲后常範。 太祖道武皇帝應期撥亂，大造區夏； 世祖太武皇帝纂戎丕緒，光闡王業，躬率六師，掃清逋穢； 諸州鎮城人，本充牙爪，服勤征旅，契闊行間，備嘗勞劇。 逮顯祖獻文皇帝，自北被南，淮海思乂，便差割強族，分衞方鎮。 高祖孝文皇帝，遠遵盤庚，將遷嵩洛，規遏北疆，蕩闢南境，選良家酋胕，增戍朔垂，戎捍所寄，實惟斯等。 先帝以其誠效既亮，方加酬錫，會宛郢馳烽，朐泗告警，軍旗頻動，兵連積歲，茲恩仍寢，用迄于今，怨叛之興，頗由於此。 朕叨承乾曆，撫馭宇宙，調風布政，思廣惠液，宜追述前恩，敷茲後施。 諸州鎮軍貫，元非犯配者，悉免為民，鎮改為州，依舊立稱。 此等世習干戈，率多勁勇，今既甄拔，應思報效。 可三五簡發，討彼沙隴。 當使人齊其力，奮擊先驅，妖黨狂醜，必可蕩滌。 衝鋒斬級，自依恒賞。」 丁酉，南秀容牧子于乞真反，殺太僕卿陸延。 別將尒朱榮討平之。
In the eighth month, on jiawu day, Yuan Zhi was greatly defeated east of Long and withdrew to defend Qi Province. On bingshen day an edict stated: "Rewards honor long service; a clear-sighted lord constantly shows virtue; favor reaches old merit; a sage ruler keeps the constant pattern. Taizu, Emperor Daowu, answered the age, quelled disorder, and greatly founded the realm within the seas; Shizu, Emperor Taiwu, succeeded the martial enterprise and spread the royal work; he personally led the Six Armies and swept away the fleeing filth; the townsmen of the various provinces and garrisons had originally served as fangs and claws, toiled in campaigns, shared hardship on the march, and tasted every fatigue. When Xianzu, Emperor Xianwen, moved from north to south and the Huai and sea longed for order, he then divided powerful clans to guard the frontier garrisons. Gaozu, Emperor Xiaowen, far following Pan Geng, was about to move to Song and Luo, planned to block the northern frontier and open the southern marches, selected worthy clan chiefs, increased garrisons on the northern rim—the defense of the frontier rested on these men. The late emperor, because their loyal service was already clear, was about to add further rewards, when alarms flared at Wan and Ying and at Xun and Si; battle flags moved again and again and war dragged on for years. That grace still lies dormant, down to today; the rise of resentful rebellion owes much to this. I unworthily inherit the heavenly succession, govern the universe, adjust the winds and spread government, and think to extend broad favor—former grace should be pursued and later bounty spread. All garrison soldiers of the provinces who were not originally assigned as convicts are entirely freed as commoners; garrisons are changed to provinces and keep their former names. These men for generations practiced arms and are mostly stalwart and brave; now that they are selected, they should think to repay their debt. Draft three or five from each group to campaign against those bandits west of Long. When men join their strength and strike as vanguard, the demon hosts and mad rebels can surely be swept away. Charges, beheadings, and ranks will follow the standing rewards." On dingyou day the herdsman Yu Qizhen of South Xiurong rebelled and killed Lu Yan, grand master of splendid carriages. Separate commander Erzhu Rong pacified them.
53
戊戌，莫折念生遣都督竇雙攻盤頭郡。 東益州刺史魏子建遣將竇念祖討之，斬雙，擒斬千餘人。
On wuxu day Moqi Niansheng sent Commander Dou Shuang to attack Pantou commandery. Wei Zijian, inspector of East Yi Province, sent General Dou Nianzu to attack them, beheaded Shuang, and captured and beheaded more than a thousand.
54
九月壬申，詔尚書左僕射、齊王蕭寶夤為西道行臺大都督，率征西將軍、都督崔延伯，又詔復撫軍將軍、北海王顥官爵，為都督，並率諸將西討。 乙亥，帝幸明堂，餞寶夤等。
In the ninth month, on renshen day, an edict made Baoyu, left vice director of the Masters of Writing and prince of Qi, grand commander of the western route mobile office and ordered him to lead Yanbo, general who campaigns west and commander; another edict restored Yan, general who pacifies the army and prince of Beihai, to office and rank as commander, and both were to lead the generals on the western campaign. On yihai day the emperor visited the Bright Hall and gave a farewell feast for Baoyu and the others.
55
是月，蕭衍遣將裴邃、虞鴻襲據壽春外城，刺史長孫稚擊走之，邃退屯黎漿。 詔河間王琛總眾援之。 衍又遣將寇淮陽，詔祕書監、安樂王鑒率眾討之。 吐谷渾主伏連籌兵討涼州，[11]于菩提棄城走，追斬之，城民趙天安復推宋穎為刺史。
That month Xiao Yan sent generals Pei Sui and Yu Hong to seize and hold the outer wall of Shouchun; Changsun Zhi, inspector, drove them off; Sui withdrew to camp at Lijiang. An edict ordered Chen, prince of Hejian, to gather troops to reinforce them. Yan again sent generals to raid Huaiyang; an edict ordered Jian, secretary supervisor and prince of Anle, to lead troops to attack them. Tuyuhun ruler Fuliancou led troops to attack Liang Province; [11] Yu Puti abandoned the city and fled; he was pursued and beheaded. The townsman Zhao Tianan again installed Song Ying as inspector.
56
冬十月，營州城人劉安定、就德興據城反，執刺史李仲遵。 城人王惡兒斬安定以降。 德興東走，自號燕王。
In the tenth month of winter the people of Ying Province, Liu Anding and Jiudexing, seized the city and rebelled and seized Li Zhongzun, inspector. The townsman Wang E'er beheaded Anding and surrendered. Dexing fled east and styled himself King of Yan.
57
胡琛遣其將宿勤明達寇豳、夏、北華三州。 壬午，詔都督北海王顥率諸將討之。
Hu Chen sent his general Su Qinmingda to raid the three provinces of Bin, Xia, and North Hua. On renwu day an edict ordered Yan, commander and prince of Beihai, to lead the generals to attack them.
58
十有一月戊申，莫折天生攻陷岐州，執都督元志及刺史裴芬之。 高平人攻殺卜朝，共迎胡琛。
In the eleventh month, on wushen day, Moqi Tiansheng took Qi Province, seized Yuan Zhi, commander, and Pei Fenzhi, inspector. The people of Gaoping attacked and killed Bu Chao and together welcomed Hu Chen.
59
十有二月壬辰，詔太傅、京兆王繼為太師、大將軍，率諸將討之。 嚈噠、契丹、地豆于、庫莫奚諸國並遣使朝貢。
In the twelfth month, on renchen day, an edict made Ji, grand tutor and prince of Jingzhao, grand preceptor and grand general and ordered him to lead the generals to attack them. The Hephthalites, Khitan, Didouyu, Kumo Xi, and other states all sent envoys with tribute.
60
汾州正平、平陽山胡叛逆。 詔復征東將軍章武王融封爵，為大都督，率眾討之。
The mountain Hu of Zhengping and Pingyang in Fen Province rebelled. An edict restored the fief and rank of Rong, general who campaigns east and prince of Zhangwu, and made him grand commander to lead troops to attack them.
61
山南行臺東益州刺史魏子建招降南秦氐民，復六郡十二戍，又斬賊王韓祖香。 南秦賊王張長命畏逼，乃告降於蕭寶夤。
Wei Zijian, eastern route mobile office director and inspector of East Yi Province, won over the Di people of South Qin, restored six commanderies and twelve garrisons, and also beheaded the bandit king Han Zuxiang. The bandit king of South Qin, Zhang Changming, pressed hard, then reported surrender to Xiao Baoyu.
62
是月，莫折念生遣兵攻涼州，城人趙天安復執刺史以應之。
That month Moqi Niansheng sent troops to attack Liang Province; the townsman Zhao Tianan again seized the inspector and joined them.
63
癸亥，蕭寶夤、崔延伯大破秦賊於黑水，斬獲數萬，天生退走入隴西，涇、岐及隴東悉平。 以太師、大將軍、京兆王繼為太尉，餘官如故。
On guihai day Xiao Baoyu and Cui Yanbo greatly defeated the Qin bandits on the Black River, captured and beheaded tens of thousands; Tiansheng withdrew into Longxi; Jing, Qi, and all lands east of Long were pacified. Ji, grand preceptor, grand general, and prince of Jingzhao, was made grand commandant; his other offices remained as before.
64
二月，以領軍將軍元叉為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 詔追復樂良王長命本爵，以其子忠紹之。 侍中、特進、衞大將軍穆紹為儀同三司。 戊戌，大赦。
In the second month Yuan Cha, leader of the court guards, was made grand general who conquers on horseback and bearer of the triple staff. An edict posthumously restored Prince of Leliang Changming to his original rank; his son Zhong succeeded him. Mu Shao, palace attendant, special advance, and grand general of the guard, was made bearer of the triple staff. On wuxu day a general amnesty was proclaimed.
65
壬辰，莫折念生遣都督楊鮓、梁下辯、姜齊等攻仇池郡城，行臺、東益州刺史魏子建遣將盛遷擊破之，斬下辯、齊等首。 壬寅，詔曰：「勸善黜惡，經國茂典。 其令每歲一終，郡守列令長，刺史列守相，以定考課，辯其能否。 若有濫謬，以考功失衷論。」 是月，齊州魏郡民房伯和聚眾反。 會赦，乃散。
On renchen day Moqi Niansheng sent commanders Yang Zha, Liang Xiabian, Jiang Qi, and others to attack Qiuchi commandery; Wei Zijian, mobile office director and inspector of East Yi Province, sent General Sheng Qian to defeat them and beheaded Xiabian, Qi, and others. On renyin day an edict stated: "Encouraging good and removing evil is a splendid canon for governing the state. Let each year's end see prefects list magistrates and inspectors list prefects and chancellors, to fix assessment grades and distinguish ability and inability. If there is abuse or error, let the assessors be judged for losing the mean." That month the people of Wei commandery in Qi Province, Fang Bohe, gathered a crowd and rebelled. An amnesty was proclaimed and they dispersed.
66
三月己巳，詔太尉、西道都督、京兆王繼班師。 壬申，詔曰：「丞相高陽王，道德淵廣，明允篤誠，儀形太階，垂風下國，實所以予違汝弼，致治責成，宜班新制，宣之遐邇。 其州郡先上司徒公文，悉可改上相府施行，符告皆亦如之。」 甲戌，詔曰：「選眾而舉，其來自昔。 朕纘承大業，綜理萬幾，求賢致治，心焉若渴。 知人則哲，振古所難，宜博訪公卿，採茲聲實。 可令第一品以下五品以上，人各薦其所知，不限素身居職。 必使精辯器藝，具注所能，然後依牒簡擢，隨才收敍，庶濟濟之美，無替往時，謇謇之直，有申茲歲。」 蕭衍遣其北梁州長史錫休儒、司馬魚和、上庸太守姜平洛等入寇直城，梁州刺史傅竪眼遣息敬紹率眾拒擊，大破之，擒斬三千餘人； 休儒等走還魏興。 是月，齊州清河民崔畜殺太守董遵，廣川民傅堆執太守劉莽反。 青州刺史、安樂王鑒討平之。
In the third month, on jisi day, an edict ordered Ji, grand commandant, western route commander, and prince of Jingzhao, to withdraw the army. On renshen day an edict stated: "Yong, chancellor and prince of Gaoyang, is deep and broad in virtue and conduct, clear and sincere in judgment, a model on the Great Steps, spreading influence to the realm below—truly one to assist where I err and bear the charge of bringing order. The new regulations should be promulgated far and near. The provinces and commanderies that formerly memorialized the Minister of Works should all now memorialize the chancellor's office for implementation; warrants and notices are likewise." On jiaxu day an edict stated: "To select the multitude and raise them up is an ancient practice. I succeed to the great enterprise and govern the myriad affairs, seeking the worthy to bring order—my heart is as thirsty as if parched. To know men is wisdom; it has been hard since antiquity. Broad inquiry should be made of dukes and ministers to gather true reputation. From rank one down to rank five and above, each man should recommend those he knows, without limiting commoners or officeholders. They must clearly state talent and arts and fully note what each can do; then, according to the memorial, select and promote, receiving office as talent warrants, so that the abundance of excellence may not fall short of former times and upright integrity may find scope this year." Xiao Yan sent Xi Xiuru, chief clerk of North Liang Province, Yu He, marshal, and Jiang Pingluo, administrator of Shangyong, and others to invade Zhicheng; Fu Shuyan, inspector of Liang Province, sent his son Jingshao to lead troops to resist; they were greatly defeated and more than three thousand were captured and beheaded; Xiuru and the others fled back to Weixing. That month the people of Qinghe in Qi Province, Cui Xu, killed Administrator Dong Zun; the people of Guangchuan, Fu Dui, seized Administrator Liu Mang and rebelled. Jian, inspector of Qing Province and prince of Anle, suppressed and pacified them.
67
是月，破落汗拔陵別帥王也不盧等攻陷懷朔鎮。
That month the separate commander of Po Luhan Baling, Wang Ye Bulu, and others took Huai Shuo Garrison.
68
夏四月，蕭衍益州刺史蕭淵猷遣將樊文熾、蕭世澄等率眾圍小劍戍。 益州刺史邴虬遣子子達、行臺魏子建遣別將淳于誕拒擊之。
In the fourth month of summer Xiao Yan's inspector of Yi Province Xiao Yuanyou sent generals Fan Wenchao and Xiao Shicheng and others to besiege Little Sword Garrison. Bing Chou, inspector of Yi Province, sent his son Zida; Wei Zijian, mobile office director, sent separate commander Chunyu Dan to resist and attack them.
69
辛卯，皇太后復臨朝攝政，引羣臣面陳得失。 詔曰：「朕以寡昧，夙承天歷，茫若涉海，罔知所濟，實憑宗社降祐之靈，庶勉幼志，以康世道。 而神龜之末，權臣擅命，元叉、劉騰陰相影響，遂使皇太后幽隔後宮，太傅、清河王無辜致害，相州刺史、中山王熙橫被夷滅，右衞將軍奚康生仍見誅翦。 從此已後，無所畏忌，恣諸侵求，任所與奪。 無君之心，積習稍久； 不臣之迹，緣事彌彰。 蔽耳目之明，專生殺之柄，天下為之不康，四郊由茲多壘。 此而可忍，孰不可懷！ 雖屢經赦宥，未容致之于法，猶宜辨正，以謝朝野。 騰身既往，可追削爵位。 叉之罪狀，誠合徽纆，但以宗枝舅戚，特加全貸，可除名為民。」
On xinmao day the empress dowager again attended court and held regency, summoning the ministers to state gains and losses face to face. An edict stated: "I, small and dim, from youth have inherited the heavenly succession; I am as if crossing the sea, not knowing how to reach the shore. I truly rely on the spirits of the altars of soil and grain for their lowering protection, hoping to fulfill my young resolve and bring peace to the age. At the end of the Divine Tortoise era powerful ministers usurped command; Yuan Cha and Liu Teng secretly influenced each other, so that the empress dowager was shut away in the rear palace, the grand tutor and prince of Qinghe were killed without crime, Xi, inspector of Xiang Province and prince of Zhongshan, was wantonly destroyed, and Xi Kangsheng, right guard general, was likewise executed. From then on they feared nothing, wantonly made demands, and at their posts seized and granted as they pleased. The heart without a lord accumulated over long habit; the traces of disloyalty grew plainer with each affair. They blocked the brightness of eyes and ears and monopolized the power of life and death; the realm was thereby unquiet and the four marches grew full of ramparts. If this can be borne, what cannot be borne in the heart! Though they were repeatedly pardoned and not yet handed to the law, they should still be judged and corrected to answer court and realm. Teng being already gone, his rank may be posthumously stripped. Cha's crimes truly merit the cord, but because he is of the imperial clan and a maternal relative, special full pardon is granted; he may be removed from the registers and made a commoner."
70
壬辰，征西將軍、都督崔延伯大敗於涇川，戰歿。
On renchen day Yanbo, general who campaigns west and commander, was greatly defeated on the Jing River and died in battle.
71
五月戊辰，淳于誕等大破蕭衍軍，俘斬萬計，擒蕭世澄等十一將，文熾僅以身免，走成都。 戊子，[12]驃騎大將軍、儀同三司李崇薨。
In the fifth month, on wuchen day, Chunyu Dan and others greatly defeated Xiao Yan's army; captives and heads numbered in the tens of thousands; eleven generals including Xiao Shicheng were captured; Wenchao barely escaped with his life and fled to Chengdu. On wuzi day, [12] Li Chong, grand general who conquers on horseback and bearer of the triple staff, died.
72
六月癸未，大赦，改年。 詔文武之官，從軍二百日，文官優一級，武官優二級。 蠕蠕主阿那瓌率眾大破拔陵，斬其將孔雀等。 諸將逼彭城，蕭綜夜潛出降，蕭衍諸將奔退，眾軍追躡，免者十一二。
In the sixth month, on guiwei day, a general amnesty was proclaimed; the era name was changed. An edict ordered that civil and military officials who had followed the army two hundred days should receive one grade of promotion for civil officials and two for military officials. The Rouran ruler Anagui led his horde and greatly defeated Baling, beheading his generals Kongque and others. The generals pressed Pengcheng; Xiao Zong slipped out by night and surrendered; Xiao Yan's generals fled in retreat; the armies pursued—only one or two in ten escaped.
73
秋八月癸酉，詔斷遠近貢獻珍麗，違者免官。
In the eighth month of autumn, on guiyou day, an edict forbade tribute of rare luxuries from near and far; violators were removed from office.
74
柔玄鎮人杜洛周率眾反於上谷，號年真王，攻沒郡縣，南圍燕州。
The people of Rouxuan Garrison, Du Luozhou, gathered a crowd and rebelled at Shanggu, styled their era True King, overran commanderies and counties, and besieged Yan Province from the south.
75
戊子，莫折念生遣都督杜黑兒、杜光等攻仇池郡。 行臺魏子建遣將成遷擊破之，斬杜光首。
On wuzi day Moqi Niansheng sent commanders Du Hei'er and Du Guang and others to attack Qiuchi commandery. Wei Zijian of the mobile office sent General Cheng Qian to defeat them and beheaded Guang.
76
九月乙卯，詔減天下諸調之半。 [13]丙辰，詔左將軍、幽州刺史常景為行臺，征虜將軍元譚為都督，以討洛周。 辛酉，詔曰：「追功表德，為善者勸。 祖宗功臣，勒銘王府，而子孫廢替，淪於凡民，爵位無聞，遷流有失。 潁川名守，重泉令宰，惠風美政，結於民心，而猶同常品，未蒙褒陟，非所謂愛及甘棠，彝倫攸敍者也。 其功臣名將為先朝所知，子孫屈塞不見齒敍，牧守令長聲稱卓然者，皆仰有司具以名聞。 朕將振彼幽滯，用闡治風。」 壬戌，詔百官五品已上，各舉所知。 辛未，曲赦南、北兩秦州。
In the ninth month, on yimao day, an edict reduced all levies throughout the realm by half. [13] On bingchen day an edict made Chang Jing, left general and inspector of You Province, mobile office commander and Yuan Tan, general who campaigns against barbarians, commander, to attack Luozhou. On xinyou day an edict stated: "Pursuing merit and displaying virtue encourages the good. Meritorious ministers of the ancestors were inscribed in the princely mansion, yet their descendants fell into neglect and sank among commoners; rank and title were unknown and their lines wandered in loss. Famous governors of Yingchuan, magistrates of Chongquan—their gracious winds and fine government bound the hearts of the people—yet they still ranked as ordinary and received no exalted promotion; this is not what is meant by cherishing the sweet pear or putting constant order in the norms. Meritorious generals known to former courts whose descendants are cramped and not enrolled, and prefects, governors, magistrates, and chancellors of outstanding reputation—all should be reported by name to the relevant offices. I shall raise those sunk in obscurity and spread the wind of good government." On renxu day an edict ordered all officials of rank five and above each to recommend those they knew. On xinwei day a partial amnesty was proclaimed for South and North Qin provinces.
77
冬十月，蠕蠕國主阿那瓌遣使朝貢。 是月，吐谷渾國復討趙天安，降之。 河州長史元永平、治中孟賓等推嚈噠使主高徽行州事，而前刺史梁釗子景進攻殺之，景進又自行州事。
In the tenth month of winter the Rouran ruler Anagui sent envoys with tribute. That month Tuyuhun again attacked Zhao Tianan and made him surrender. Yuan Yongping, chief clerk of He Province, and Meng Bin, administrator, and others installed the Hephthalite envoy-lord Gao Hui to act as provincial governor; Jingjin, son of the former inspector Liang Zhao, attacked and killed him; Jingjin then acted as provincial governor himself.
78
十有一月辛亥，詔曰：「大孝榮親，著之昔典，故安平耄耋，諸子滿朝。 自今諸有父母年八十以上者，皆聽居官祿養，溫清朝夕。」 時四方多事，諸蠻復反。
In the eleventh month, on xinhai day, an edict stated: "Great filial piety honors kin; this is set out in ancient canons. Hence the peace of Ping in old age filled the court with sons. From now on, all whose parents are eighty or more may be allowed to hold office and receive salary to support them, warm in court morning and evening." At that time affairs were many on all sides and the various Man rebelled again.
79
十有二月壬午，詔曰：「高祖以大明定功，世宗以下武寧亂，聲溢朔南，化清中宇，業盛隆周，祚延七百。 朕幼齡纂曆，夙馭鴻基，戰戰兢兢，若臨淵谷。 闇於治道，政刑未孚，權臣擅命，亂我朝式。 致使西秦跋扈，朔漠構妖，蠢爾荊蠻，氛埃不息。 孔熾甚於涇陽，出軍切於細柳。 而師旅盤桓，留滯不進，北淯懸危，南陽告急，將虧荊沔之地，以致蹙國之憂。 今茅轂扼腕，爪牙歎憤，並欲摧挫封豕，剿截長蛇，使人神兩泰，幽明獻吉。 朕將躬馭六師，掃蕩逋穢。 其配衣六軍，分隸熊虎，前驅後隊，左翼右師，必令將帥雄果，軍吏明濟，糧仗車馬，速度時須。 其有失律亡軍、兵戍逃叛、盜賊劫掠伏竄山澤者，免其往咎，錄其後効，別立募格，聽其自新，廣下州郡，令赴軍所。 今先討荊蠻，疆理南服； 戈旗東指，掃平淮外。 然後奮七萃於西戎，騰五牛於北狄； 躬撫亂離之苦，面恤饑寒之患。 爾乃還蹕嵩宇，飲至廟庭，沉璧河洛，告成泰岱，豈不盛歟！ 百官內外、牧守軍宰，宜各肅勤，用明爾職。」 山胡劉蠡升反，自稱天子，置官僚。 是月，以臨淮王彧為征南大將軍，率眾討魯陽蠻。
In the twelfth month, on renwu day, an edict stated: "Gaozu by great clarity fixed merit; Shizong by martial power settled disorder—fame overflowed north and south, transformation cleared the central realm; the enterprise rivaled prosperous Zhou and the throne extended seven hundred years. I, young in years, succeeded to the calendar; from youth I have driven the great foundation, fearful and cautious as if standing over an abyss. Dim in the way of government, punishments and grace not yet won, powerful ministers usurped command and disturbed our court pattern. They caused West Qin to run riot, the northern desert to breed demons, and the stupid Man of Jing to seethe without cease. The peril exceeded Jingyang; raising armies was as urgent as Xiliu. Yet the armies lingered and did not advance; the northern ford hung in peril and Nanyang cried urgent alarm—lands of Jing and Mian were about to be lost and the state brought to crushing grief. Now the thatched carriage wrings its wrists and claws and fangs sigh in anger; all wish to break the great boar and cut the long serpent, so that man and spirit are both at peace and the hidden and manifest offer good omens. I shall personally drive the Six Armies and sweep away the fleeing filth. Those assigned to the Six Armies, divided under bear and tiger, vanguard and rear, left wing and right division—generals and commanders must be bold and resolute, staff officers clear and able; grain, weapons, chariots, and horses must be ready when needed. Those who lost discipline and perished in battle, soldiers and garrisons who fled, bandits and raiders hiding in mountains and marshes—their past faults are forgiven and later merit recorded; separate recruitment standards are set, they may renew themselves, and orders are sent broadly to provinces and commanderies to come to the army rendezvous. First attack the Man of Jing and settle the southern marches; banners and spears point east to sweep the Huai region. then rouse the seven hosts on the western barbarians and gallop the five oxen against the northern Di; personally soothe the suffering of the displaced and face to face comfort the hungry and cold. then return to halt at Song heights, drink to the end at the temple court, sink the jade disk in He and Luo, and report completion at Mount Tai—how glorious! All civil and military officials within and without, governors and army commanders, should each be diligent and clarify their duties." The mountain Hu Liu Lisheng rebelled, styled himself Son of Heaven, and established officials. That month Yu, prince of Huaiyang, was made general who campaigns south and led troops to attack the Man of Luyang.
80
二月甲申，帝、皇太后臨大夏門，親覽冤訟。 是月，疊伏羅國遣使朝貢。
In the second month, on jiashen day, the emperor and empress dowager attended the Great Summer Gate and personally reviewed wrongful suits. That month the state of Diefuoluo sent envoys with tribute.
81
三月庚子，以驃騎大將軍、徐州刺史、安豐王延明為儀同三司。 追復中山王熙本爵，子叔仁紹之。 甲寅，西部敕勒斛律洛陽反於桑乾，西與河西牧子通連。 別將尒朱榮擊破之。
In the third month, on gengzi day, Yanming, prince of Anfeng, grand general who conquers on horseback and inspector of Xuzhou, was made bearer of the triple staff. Xi, prince of Zhongshan's original rank was posthumously restored; his son Shuren succeeded him. On jiayin day the western Tiele Huluoyang rebelled at Sanggan and linked with the herdsmen of Hexi to the west. Separate commander Erzhu Rong defeated them.
82
夏四月，大赦天下。 癸巳，以侍中、車騎大將軍、城陽王徽為儀同三司。 朔州城人鮮于阿胡、厙狄豐樂據城反。 丁未，都督李琚次於薊城之北，又為洛周所敗，琚戰沒。 戊申，以驃騎大將軍、開府、齊王寶夤為儀同三司。 北討都督河間王琛、長孫稚失利奔還，詔免琛、稚官爵。 庫莫奚國遣使朝貢。
In the fourth month of summer a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On guisi day Hui, palace attendant, general of chariots and cavalry, and prince of Chengyang, was made bearer of the triple staff. The people of Shuozhou, Xianyu Ahu and Kudifengle, seized the city and rebelled. On dingwei day Commander Li Ju halted north of Ji city and was again defeated by Luozhou; Ju died in battle. On wushen day Baoyu, prince of Qi, grand general who conquers on horseback and opener of the office, was made bearer of the triple staff. Northern campaign commanders Chen, prince of Hejian, and Changsun Zhi were defeated and fled back; an edict removed Chen and Zhi from office and rank. The state of Kumo Xi sent envoys with tribute.
83
五月丁未，車駕將北討，內外戒嚴。 前給事黃門侍郎元略自蕭衍還朝，封義陽王。 以丞相、高陽王雍為大司馬； 吏部尚書、廣陽王淵為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司，尋為大都督，率都督章武王融北討脩禮。 戊申，燕州刺史崔秉率眾棄城南走中山。 乙丑，以安西將軍、光祿大夫、宗正珍孫為都督，討汾州反胡。
In the fifth month, on dingwei day, the imperial carriage was about to campaign north; within and without were placed on alert. Former attendant gentleman of the yellow gate Yuan Lue returned from Xiao Yan and was enfeoffed as prince of Yiyang. Yong, chancellor and prince of Gaoyang, was made grand marshal; Yuan, minister of personnel and prince of Guangyang, was made grand general who conquers on horseback and bearer of the triple staff, and soon grand commander, leading Rong, commander and prince of Zhangwu, on the northern campaign against Xiuli. On wushen day Cui Bing, inspector of Yan Province, led troops, abandoned the city, and fled south to Zhongshan. On yichou day Zhen Sun, general who pacifies the west and household minister, was made commander to attack the rebel Hu of Fen Province.
84
六月己巳，曲赦齊州。 絳蜀陳雙熾聚眾反，自號始建王。 曲赦平陽、建興、正平三郡。 詔假鎮西將軍、都督長孫稚討雙熾，平之。 丙子，義陽王略改封東平王。 衞大將軍、西道都督元恒芝為車騎大將軍、儀同三司。 戊寅，詔復京兆王繼本封江陽王。 戊子，詔曰：「自運屬艱棘，歷載於茲，烽驛交馳，旌鼓不息，祖宗盛業，危若綴旒，社稷鴻基，殆將淪墜。 朕威德不能遐被，經略無以及遠，俾令蒼生罹此塗炭，何以苟安黃屋，無愧黔黎。 今便避居正殿，蔬餐素服。 當親自招募，收集忠勇。 其有直言正諫之士，敢決徇義之夫，二十五日悉集華林東門，人別引見，共論得失。 班告內外，咸使聞知。」 乙未，以衞將軍、東平王略為左光祿大夫、儀同三司。
In the sixth month, on jisi day, a partial amnesty was proclaimed for Qi Province. Chen Shuangchi of Jiangshu gathered a crowd and rebelled, styling himself King of Shijian. A partial amnesty was proclaimed for the three commanderies of Pingyang, Jianxing, and Zhengping. An edict made Zhi, acting general who pacifies the west and commander, attack Shuangchi and pacify them. On bingzi day Lue, prince of Yiyang, was changed to prince of Dongping. Hengzhi, grand general of the guard and western route commander, was made general of chariots and cavalry and bearer of the triple staff. On wuyin day an edict restored Ji, prince of Jingzhao, to his original fief as prince of Jiangyang. On wuzi day an edict stated: "Since fortune turned harsh, years have piled up here; beacons and posts race in relay and banners and drums never cease—the ancestors' great enterprise hangs by a thread, the altars' foundation nearly falls. My majesty cannot reach far; strategy cannot extend afar—how can I rest easy in the yellow canopy and face the black-haired people without shame? Now I withdraw to the main hall and take plain food and simple dress. I shall personally recruit and gather the loyal and brave. Those who speak straight and remonstrate, men daring to die for righteousness—on the twenty-fifth day all shall assemble at the east gate of Hualin; each will be received separately to discuss gains and losses together. Proclaim within and without so all may hear." On yimao day Lue, prince of Dongping, was made left grand master of splendid carriages and bearer of the triple staff.
85
秋七月丙午，杜洛周遣其別帥曹紇真寇掠幽州。 行臺常景遣都督于榮邀于粟園，[14]大破之，斬紇真，獲三十餘級，牛驢二萬餘頭。 戊申，恒州陷，行臺元纂奔冀州。 甲子，蕭衍將元樹、湛僧珍等寇壽春。
In the seventh month of autumn, on bingwu day, Du Luozhou sent his separate commander Cao Hezhen to raid You Province. Chang Jing of the mobile office sent Commander Yu Rong to intercept them at Su Garden, [14] greatly defeated them, beheaded Hezhen, and took more than thirty heads and more than twenty thousand oxen and donkeys. On wushen day Heng Province fell; Yuan Zuan of the mobile office fled to Ji Province. On jiazi day Xiao Yan's generals Yuan Shu, Zhan Sengzhen, and others raided Shouchun.
86
八月丙子，進封廣川縣開國公元巶為常山王。 [15]以驃騎大將軍、東道行臺、臨淮王彧為儀同三司。 戊寅，帝幸南石窟寺，即日還宮。 戊子，進散騎常侍、御史中尉、武城縣開國公子攸為長樂王。 都督伊瓫生討巴，失利戰歿。 癸巳，賊帥元洪業斬鮮于脩禮，請降，為賊黨葛榮所殺。 都督尒朱榮於肆州執刺史尉慶賓，令其從叔羽生統州事。
In the eighth month, on bingzi day, Yuan Yan, state-founding duke of Guangchuan, was advanced to prince of Changshan. [15] Yu, prince of Huaiyang, grand general who conquers on horseback and eastern route mobile office commander, was made bearer of the triple staff. On wuyin day the emperor visited the Southern Stone Grotto Temple and returned to the palace the same day. On wuzi day Ziyou, scattered cavalier attendant, censor-in-chief, and state-founding duke of Wucheng, was advanced to prince of Changle. Commander Yi Longsheng attacked Ba, was defeated, and died in battle. On guisi day the bandit chief Yuan Hongye beheaded Xianyu Xiuli and offered surrender; he was killed by the bandit faction of Ge Rong. Commander Erzhu Rong at Si Province seized Inspector Wei Qingbin and had his younger uncle Yusheng administer the province.
87
九月辛亥，葛榮敗都督廣陽王淵、章武王融於博野白牛邏，融歿於陣。 榮自稱天子，號曰齊國，年稱廣安。 甲申，常景又破洛周，斬其武川王賀拔文興、別帥侯莫陳升，生擒男女四百口，牛驢五千餘頭。 就德興攻陷平州，殺刺史王買奴。
In the ninth month, on xinhai day, Ge Rong defeated Yuan, commander and prince of Guangyang, and Rong, prince of Zhangwu, at Bolu White Oxen Camp; Rong died in the battle line. Rong styled himself Son of Heaven, state name Qi, era name Guang'an. On jiashen day Chang Jing again defeated Luozhou, beheaded his Prince of Wuchuan Hebawenxing and separate commander Houmochen Sheng, and captured alive four hundred men and women and more than five thousand oxen and donkeys. Jiudexing took Ping Province and killed Inspector Wang Mainu.
88
是月，莫折天生請降，蕭寶夤使行臺左丞崔士和入據秦州。 天生復叛，送士和於胡琛，殺之。
That month Moqi Tiansheng offered surrender; Baoyu sent Cui Shihe, left assistant of the mobile office, to enter and hold Qin Province. Tiansheng rebelled again, sent Shihe to Hu Chen, and killed him.
89
冬十有一月戊戌，杜洛周攻陷幽州，執刺史王延年及行臺常景。 丙午，稅京師田租，畝五升； 借賃公田者，畝一斗。 [16]閏月，稅市人出入者各一錢，店舍為五等。 齊州平原民劉樹、劉蒼生聚眾反，州軍破走之，劉樹奔蕭衍。 衍將元樹逼壽春，[17]揚州刺史李憲力屈，以城降之。 初留州、郡、縣及長史、司馬、戍主副質子於京師。 衍又遣將攻逼新野，詔都督魏承祖討之。 詔曰：「頃舊京淪覆，中原喪亂，宗室子女，屬籍在七廟之內，為雜戶濫門所拘辱者，悉聽離絕。」
In the eleventh month of winter, on wuxu day, Du Luozhou took You Province, seized Wang Yannian, inspector, and Chang Jing of the mobile office. On bingwu day field tax in the capital was levied at five sheng per mu; those borrowing public fields paid one dou per mu. [16] In the intercalary month those entering or leaving the market paid one coin each; shops and lodgings were graded in five classes. The people of Pingyuan in Qi Province, Liu Shu and Liu Cangsheng, gathered a crowd and rebelled; provincial troops routed them; Liu Shu fled to Xiao Yan. Yan's general Yuan Shu pressed Shouchun; [17] Li Xian, inspector, was overcome and surrendered the city. At first hostages of provinces, commanderies, counties, chief clerks, administrators, and garrison chiefs and deputies had been detained in the capital. Yan again sent generals to press Xinye; an edict ordered Wei Chengzu, commander, to attack them. An edict stated: "Lately the old capital fell and the central plain was lost in disorder; imperial clan sons and daughters registered within the seven temples who were detained and shamed by mixed households and illicit gates may all sever those ties."
90
三年春正月甲戌，以司空公皇甫度為司徒，儀同三司蕭寶夤為司空，車騎將軍北海王顥為車騎大將軍、儀同三司。 徐州民任道棱聚眾反，襲據蕭城以叛。 州軍討平之。 辛巳，葛榮陷殷州，刺史崔楷固節死之，遂東圍冀州。 甲申，詔峻鑄錢之制。
In the third year, spring, first month, on jiaxu day, Huangfu Du, duke of minister of works, was made minister over the masses; Baoyu, bearer of the triple staff, was made minister of works; Yan, general of chariots and cavalry and prince of Beihai, was made grand general of chariots and cavalry and bearer of the triple staff. The people of Xuzhou, Ren Daoling, gathered a crowd and rebelled, seized and held Xiaocheng in revolt. Provincial troops suppressed and pacified them. On xinsi day Ge Rong took Yin Province; Cui Kai, inspector, held firm to integrity and died; he then besieged Ji Province from the east. On jiashen day an edict tightened the system for casting coin.
91
蕭寶夤、元恒芝大敗于涇州，大隴都督、南平王仲冏，小隴都督高聿並相尋退散，東秦州刺史潘義淵以汧城降賊。
Baoyu and Hengzhi were greatly defeated at Jing Province; Zhongtong, grand commander of great Long and prince of Nanping, and Gao Yu, commander of little Long, both withdrew in succession; Pan Yiyuan, inspector of East Qin, surrendered Qian city to the bandits.
92
高平虜賊逼岐州，城人執刺史魏蘭根，以城應之。 豳州刺史畢祖暉、行臺羊深並奔退，祖暉於陣歿。 北海王顥尋亦敗走。 賊帥胡引祖據北華州以應之。 賊帥叱干騏麟入據豳州。 [18]曲赦關西及正平、平陽、建興。 戊子，以司徒皇甫度為太尉。 己丑，以四方未平，詔內外戒嚴，將親出討。 辛卯，蕭衍將湛僧珍圍東豫州，[19]詔散騎常侍元暐為都督以討之。 是月，衍又遣將彭羣、王辯等率眾數萬逼琅邪，詔青州、南青二州討之。
The barbarian bandits of Gaoping pressed Qi Province; the townspeople seized Wei Langen, inspector, and joined the city to them. Zuhui, inspector, and Shen, mobile office director, both fled; Zuhui died in the battle line. Yan, prince of Beihai, likewise was defeated and fled. The bandit chief Hu Yinzu held North Hua Province in response. The bandit chief Chigan Qilin entered and held Bin Province. [18] A partial amnesty was proclaimed for Guanxi and Zhengping, Pingyang, and Jianxing. On wuzi day Huangfu Du, minister of works, was made grand commandant. On jichou day because the four quarters were not pacified, an edict placed within and without on alert; the emperor was about to campaign in person. On xinmao day Zhan Sengzhen, Xiao Yan's general, besieged East Yi Province; [19] an edict made Yuan Wei, scattered cavalier attendant, commander to attack them. That month Yan again sent generals Peng Qun, Wang Bian, and others with tens of thousands to press Langye; an edict ordered Qing and South Qing provinces to attack them.
93
二月丁酉，詔曰：「關隴遭罹寇難，燕趙賊逆憑陵，蒼生波流，耕農靡業，加諸轉運，勞役已甚，州倉儲實，無宜懸匱，自非開輸賞之格，何以息漕運之煩。 凡有能輸粟入瀛、定、岐、雍四州者，官斗二百斛賞一階； 入二華州者，五百石賞一階。 不限多少，粟畢授官。」 虜賊據潼關。 丁未，追復故東平王匡爵，改封濟南王。 庚申，東郡民趙顯德反，殺太守裴烟，自號都督，立其兄子為太守，詔都督李叔仁討之。 是月，蕭衍將成景雋寇彭城，詔員外常侍崔孝芬為行臺，率將擊走之。
In the second month, on dingyou day, an edict stated: "Guan and Long have suffered raider calamity; Yan and Zhao are overrun by bandit rebels; the common people drift on the waves and farming has no livelihood. Added transport and corvée labor are already heavy; provincial granaries should not hang empty—unless a standard is opened for delivering grain as reward, how can the trouble of canal transport be stilled? All who can deliver grain into the four provinces of Ying, Ding, Qi, and Yong receive one grade of office for every two hundred hu by official measure; into the two Hua provinces, one grade for five hundred shi. There is no limit on amount; when the grain is delivered, office is granted." The barbarian bandits held Tong Pass. On dingwei day the deceased Kuang's rank was posthumously restored and changed to prince of Jinan. On gengshen day the people of Dong commandery, Zhao Xiande, rebelled, killed Pei Yan, administrator, styled himself commander, installed his brother's son as administrator; an edict ordered Li Shuren, commander, to attack them. That month Cheng Jingjun, Xiao Yan's general, raided Pengcheng; an edict made Cui Xiaofen, yuanwai changshi, mobile office commander to lead generals and drive them off.
94
三月甲子，詔將西討，中外戒嚴。 虜賊走，復潼關。 戊辰，詔將回駕北討，詔金紫光祿大夫源子邕為大都督，討葛榮。 辛未，齊州廣川民劉鈞執清河太守邵懷，聚眾反，自署大行臺。 清河民房須自署大都督，[20]屯據昌國城。
In the third month, on jiazi day, an edict ordered a western campaign; within and without were placed on alert. The barbarian bandits fled; Tong Pass was recovered. On wuchen day an edict ordered the return of the carriage for a northern campaign; an edict made Yuan Ziyou, grand master of splendid carriages with golden seal and purple cord, grand commander to attack Ge Rong. On xinwei day the people of Guangchuan in Qi Province, Liu Jun, seized Shao Huai, Qinghe administrator, gathered a crowd and rebelled, and styled himself grand mobile office. The people of Qinghe, Fang Xu, styled himself grand commander [20] and camped at Changguo city.
95
夏四月，別將元斌之討東郡，斬顯德。 己酉，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。
In the fourth month of summer separate commander Yuan Binzhi attacked Dong commandery and beheaded Xiande. On jiyou day the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute.
96
六月，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 是月，詔都督李叔仁討劉鈞，平之。
In the sixth month the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. That month an edict ordered Li Shuren, commander, to attack Liu Jun and pacify them.
97
秋七月，陳郡民劉獲、鄭辯反於西華，號年天授，州軍討平之。 相州刺史、安樂王鑒據州反。 己丑，大赦天下。 是月，青州刺史、彭城王劭，南青州刺史胡平，遣將斬蕭衍將彭羣首，俘獲二千餘人。
In the seventh month of autumn the people of Chen commandery, Liu Huo and Zheng Bian, rebelled at Xihua, styled their era Tian shou; provincial troops suppressed and pacified them. Jian, inspector of Xiang Province and prince of Anle, held the province in rebellion. On jichou day a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. That month Liu Shao, inspector of Qing Province and prince of Pengcheng, and Hu Ping, inspector of South Qing, sent generals to behead the head of Peng Qun, Xiao Yan's general, and capture more than two thousand.
98
八月，都督源子邕、李軌、裴衍攻鄴。 丁未，斬鑒，相州平。 仍令子邕等討葛榮。
In the eighth month commanders Yuan Ziyou, Li Gui, and Pei Yan attacked Ye. On dingwei day Jian was beheaded; Xiang Province was pacified. They were then ordered to attack Ge Rong.
99
九月辛卯，[21]東豫州刺史元慶和以城南叛。 戊子，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 秦州城民杜粲殺莫折念生，自行州事。 南秦州城民辛琛自行州事，遣使歸罪。
In the ninth month, on xinmao day, [21] Yuan Qinghe, inspector of East Yi Province, rebelled with the south of the city. On wuzi day the Rouran state sent envoys with tribute. The townspeople of Qin Province killed Moqi Niansheng and acted as provincial governor themselves. The townspeople of South Qin Province, Xin Chen, acted as provincial governor themselves and sent envoys to confess guilt.
100
冬十月戊申，曲赦恒農已西，河北、正平、平陽、邵郡及關西諸州。 辛亥，以衞將軍、討虜大都督尒朱榮為車騎將軍、儀同三司。 甲寅，雍州刺史蕭寶夤據州反，自號曰齊，年稱隆緒。 詔尚書右僕射長孫稚討之。
In the tenth month of winter, on wushen day, a partial amnesty was proclaimed west of Hengnong, Hebei, Zhengping, Pingyang, Shao commandery, and the provinces of Guanxi. On xinhai day Rong, general of the guard and grand commander who campaigns against barbarians, was made general of chariots and cavalry and bearer of the triple staff. On jiayin day Baoyu, inspector of Yong Province, held the province in rebellion, styled his state Qi, era name Longxu. An edict ordered Changsun Zhi, right vice director of the Masters of Writing, to attack them.
101
十有一月己丑，葛榮攻陷冀州，執刺史元孚，逐出居民，凍死者十六七。
In the eleventh month, on jichou day, Ge Rong took Ji Province, seized Yuan Fu, inspector, drove out the residents, and six or seven in ten froze to death.
102
十有二月戊申，都督源子邕、裴衍與葛榮戰，敗於陽平東北漳水曲，並戰歿。 是月，杜粲為駱超所殺，超遣使歸罪。
In the twelfth month, on wushen day, commanders Yuan Ziyou and Pei Yan fought Ge Rong, were defeated at the bend of the Zhang River northeast of Yangping, and both died in battle. That month Du Can was killed by Luo Chao; Chao sent envoys to confess guilt.
103
武泰元年春正月癸亥，以北海王顥為驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、相州刺史。 乙丑，定州為杜洛周所陷，執刺史楊津。 瀛州刺史元寧以城降於洛周。 皇女生，祕言皇子。 丙寅，大赦，改元。 丙子，長孫稚平潼關。 丁丑，雍州城人侯終德相率攻寶夤，寶夤攜南陽公主及子，與百餘騎渡渭而走，雍州平。
In the first year of Wutai, spring, first month, on guihai day, Yan, prince of Beihai, was made grand general who conquers on horseback, opener of the office, bearer of the triple staff, and inspector of Xiang Province. On yichou day Ding Province was taken by Du Luozhou; Yang Jin, inspector, was seized. Yuan Ning, inspector of Ying Province, surrendered the city to Luozhou. An imperial daughter was born; it was secretly said to be a prince. On bingyin day a general amnesty was proclaimed; the era name was changed. On bingzi day Changsun Zhi pacified Tong Pass. On dingchou day the townspeople of Yong Province, Hou Zhongde and others together attacked Baoyu; Baoyu took the Princess of Nanyang and her son and with a little more than a hundred horsemen crossed the Wei and fled; Yong Province was pacified.
104
二月，以長孫稚為車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、雍州刺史、兼尚書僕射、西道行臺。 群盜燒劫鞏縣以西，關口以東，公路澗以南。 詔武衞將軍李神軌為都督，討平之。
In the second month Changsun Zhi was made general of chariots and cavalry, opener of the office, bearer of the triple staff, inspector of Yong Province, and also right vice director of the Masters of Writing and western route mobile office commander. Bandits burned and plundered west of Gong county, east of the passes, and south of Gonglu Ravine. An edict ordered Li Shengui, general of the martial guard, commander, to suppress and pacify them.
105
癸丑，帝崩於顯陽殿，時年十九。 甲寅，皇子即位，大赦天下。 皇太后詔曰：「皇家握曆受圖，年將二百，祖宗累聖，社稷載安。 高祖以文思先天，世宗以下武經世，股肱惟良，元首穆穆。 及大行在御，重以寬仁，奉養率由，溫明恭順。 朕以寡昧，親臨萬國，識謝塗山，德慚文母。 屬妖逆遞興，四郊多故。 實望穹靈降祐，麟趾眾繁。 自潘充華有孕椒宮，冀誕儲兩，而熊羆無兆，維虺遂彰。 于時直以國步未康，假稱統胤，欲以底定物情，係仰宸極。 何圖一旦，弓劍莫追，國道中微，大行絕祀。 皇曾孫故臨洮王寶暉世子釗，體自高祖，天表卓異，大行平日養愛特深，義齊若子，事符當璧。 及翊日弗愈，大漸彌留，乃延入青蒲，受命玉几。 暨陳衣在庭，登策靡及，允膺大寶，即日踐阼。 朕是用惶懼忸怩，心焉靡洎。 今喪君有君，宗祏惟固，宜崇賞卿士，爰及百辟，凡厥在位，並加陟叙。 內外百官文武、督將征人，遭艱解府，普加軍功二階； 其禁衞武官，直閤以下直從以上及主帥，可軍功三階； 其亡官失爵，聽復封位。 謀反大逆削除者，不在斯限。 清議禁錮，亦悉蠲除。 若二品以上不能自受者，任授兒弟。 可班宣遠邇，咸使知之。」 乙卯，幼主即位。 儀同三司、大都督尒朱榮抗表請入奔赴，勒兵而南。 是月，杜洛周為葛榮所并。
On guichou day the emperor died at Xianyang Hall; he was nineteen. On jiayin day the prince ascended the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty throughout the realm. The empress dowager's edict stated: "The imperial house has held the calendar and received the chart for nearly two hundred years; successive sage ancestors have borne the altars in peace. Gaozu by literary thought preceded Heaven; Shizong by martial power governed the age—arms and legs were all worthy, the head was reverent and grave. When the late emperor held the throne, he was again broad and humane; in nurture he followed the constant ways, warm, bright, respectful, and obedient. I, small and dim, personally face the ten thousand states; my knowledge falls short of Tushan; my virtue shames the mother of Wen. Bandit calamities arose in succession and the four marches had many affairs. I truly hoped the dome would lower protection and many heirs like unicorn toes would flourish. When Lady Pan of the Flowery Palace became pregnant in the pepper palace, I hoped for an heir; yet the bear showed no sign and the great viper was revealed. At the time, because the realm was not yet at peace, I falsely called it the imperial heir, wishing thereby to settle men's hearts and bind them to the apex. Who could have thought that in a single morning bow and sword could not be followed—the way of the state declined mid-course and the great line was cut off. The late emperor's great-grandson, heir of the former Prince of Lintao Baohui, Zhao, by body descends from Gaozu; his heavenly countenance is outstanding; the late emperor in his daily life nourished and loved him especially, his righteousness equal to a son, his matter fitting the jade disk. The next day he grew no better; as his decline deepened he was brought into the Green Rush Hall to receive the mandate at the jade armrest. Mourning garments were already displayed in the court; before the testament could be read he had ascended—he received the great treasure and that very day took the throne. We are seized with fear and shame; our heart cannot find rest. Though we have lost a ruler, we have a ruler still; the ancestral temple stands secure. Ministers and the hundred officials alike—all who hold office—should be raised and rewarded. Civil and military officials at court and in the provinces, supervising generals, and troops on campaign who were dismissed during the crisis shall all receive two grades of military merit; palace-guard officers from Guardian of the Gate down and personal attendants from Companion up, together with field commanders, may receive three grades; those who lost office or rank may have their titles restored. Those stripped for treason or great rebellion are excluded. Pure-critique bans and prohibitions are also entirely lifted. If holders of second rank and above cannot accept the grant themselves, they may pass it to a younger brother. Let this be proclaimed far and near so that all may know." On yimao the young lord ascended the throne. Erzhu Rong, equal in rank to the Three Departments and grand commander, submitted a memorial asking leave to march to the capital; he mustered his army and turned south. That month Du Luozhou was absorbed by Ge Rong.
106
三月癸未，葛榮攻陷滄州，執刺史薛慶之，居民死者十八九。 甲申，上尊諡曰孝明皇帝，乙酉，葬於定陵，廟號肅宗。
In the third month, on the guimao day, Ge Rong took Cangzhou and seized Inspector Xue Qingzhi; eight or nine residents in ten perished. On jiashen the posthumous title Emperor Xiaoming was elevated; on yiyou he was buried at Ding Mausoleum with temple name Suzong.
107
夏四月戊戌，尒朱榮濟河。 庚子，皇太后、幼主崩。
In summer, the fourth month, on the xuxu day, Erzhu Rong crossed the Yellow River. On gengzi the Empress Dowager and the young lord died.
108
史臣曰：魏自宣武已後，政綱不張。 肅宗沖齡統業，靈后婦人專制，委用非人，賞罰乖舛。 於是釁起四方，禍延畿甸，卒於享國不長。 抑亦淪胥之始也，嗚呼！
The historian writes: From Emperor Xuanwu onward the Wei court no longer held the reins of government. Suzong came to the throne in childhood; Empress Linghou ruled as a woman alone, entrusted power to the wrong men, and rewards and punishments lost all measure. Trouble rose on every side; disaster reached the capital; in the end his reign was brief. This was the beginning of the kingdom's slide into ruin—alas!
109
校勘記
Collation notes
110
蕭衍衡州刺史張齊寇益州按梁書卷一七張齊傳，他從未當過衡州刺史，這時是益州的巴西、梓潼二郡太守。 梁衡州在含洭，今廣東英德和益州遠不相及，魏書此紀和卷七０傅豎眼傳、卷九八蕭衍傳并稱「衡州刺史」，疑皆誤。
Xiao Yan's inspector of Heng province Zhang Qi raided Yizhou: Comment: Liang shu juan 17, Biography of Zhang Qi, shows he never served as inspector of Heng province; at this time he was administrator of the two commanderies of Baxi and Zitong in Yizhou. Liang's Heng province lay at Hanhuang, in present-day Yingde of Guangdong, far from Yizhou; this annal, juan 70 Biography of Fu Jianyan, and juan 98 Biography of Xiao Yan all call him "inspector of Heng province"—suspected errors throughout.
111
勿吉國貢楛矢諸本「勿吉」訛「年呂」，據冊府卷九六九 〈一一三九二頁〉 改。
The state of Mohe presented hardwood arrows: in all editions "Mohe" is corrupted to "Nianlu"; according to Cefu juan 969 〈p. 11392〉 emended.
112
末久半諸國按「末久半」當即見於卷一０二西域傳 〈補〉 之「悉居半」，也即西域傳末引宋雲行記之「朱居」、上卷世宗紀景明三年之「朱居槃」。 「末」當是「悉」或「朱」之訛。
Mojiuban of the various states: Comment: "Mojiuban" should be the "Xijuban" seen in juan 102, Treatise on the Western Regions 〈supplement〉 as "Xijuban"—that is, the "Zhuju" in Song Yun's travel record cited at the end of the Treatise on the Western Regions and the "Zhujupan" in the annals of Emperor Shizong, Jingming year 3, in the previous juan. "Mo" is probably a corruption of "Xi" or "Zhu."
113
侍中元叉中侍中劉騰奉帝幸前殿諸本「叉」下無「中」字。 北史卷四作「中常侍」。 按卷九四劉騰傳，騰在元恪時已官中常侍，胡太后臨朝，「除崇訓太僕、中侍中」。 中侍中是閹人充當的官，見魏書卷一一三官氏志所載太和前品令和隋書卷二七百官志中。 後人妄刪「中」字，今補正。
Attendant-in-Ordinary Yuan Cha, Attendant-in-Ordinary Liu Teng escorted the emperor to the front hall: in all editions there is no character "zhong" after "Cha." Beishi juan 4 reads "Palace Regular Attendant." Comment: juan 94 Biography of Liu Teng states that under Emperor Yuan Ke, Teng already held the office of palace regular attendant; when Empress Dowager Hu held court, "he was appointed grand steward of Chongxun and attendant-in-ordinary." Attendant-in-ordinary was an office filled by eunuchs, as recorded in the pre-Taihe rank statutes in juan 113 Monograph on Offices and Clans and in Suishu juan 27 Monograph on the Hundred Offices. Later editors rashly deleted "zhong"; it is now restored.
114
冬十月乙卯冊府卷一六一 〈一九四四頁〉 載「正光元年冬十月，遣侍中持節分適四方，觀風俗、勞士民、察冤枉失職者」。 此紀無。
Winter, tenth month, yimao day: Cefu juan 161 〈p. 1944〉 records: "In the tenth month of winter, first year of Zhenguang, envoys bearing credentials as attendants-in-ordinary were dispatched to the four quarters to observe customs, comfort soldiers and people, and investigate wrongful imprisonment and malfeasance." This annal has no such entry.
115
蠕蠕後主郁久閭侯匿伐來奔懷朔鎮諸本「伐」訛「代」。 據卷一０三蠕蠕傳 〈補〉 、北史卷四、通鑑卷一四九 〈四六六九頁〉 改。 又蠕蠕傳和通鑑「侯」作「俟」，疑是，但北史也作「侯」，今不改。 下四年二月「侯匿代」條同改，不再出校記。
Yujiulü Houniwa, lord of the Rouran, came to surrender at Huaishuo Garrison: in all editions "wa" is corrupted to "dai." According to juan 103 Treatise on the Rouran 〈supplement〉 , Beishi juan 4, and Zizhi tongjian juan 149 〈p. 4669〉 emended. Again, the Treatise on the Rouran and the Tongjian read the lord's name as Hou with the person radical—probably correct—but Beishi also reads Hou, and no change is made here. The entry below in the second month of the fourth year, "Houni dai," is emended the same way without a separate collation note.
116
回度易憲御覽卷一０三 〈四九六頁〉 「回」作「改」。 按「改度」見書蔡仲之命，疑作「改」是。
Huidu Yixian: Imperial Reader juan 103 〈p. 496〉 reads "hui" as "gai." Comment: "Gaidu" appears in the Charge to Cai Zhong; "gai" is probably correct.
117
三月沃野鎮人破落汗拔陵聚眾反北史卷四「汗」作「韓」。 他處「落」或作「六」作「洛」，譯音無定字。 又，本書將此事繫於正光五年三月，通鑑卷一四九 〈四六七四－七五頁〉 考異云：「魏帝紀正光五年 〈五二四〉 破落汗拔陵反，詔臨淮王彧討之。 五月，彧敗，削官。 按令狐德棻周書賀拔勝傳 〈卷一四〉 ，衞可孤圍懷朔鎮經年，勝乃告急於彧。 然則拔陵反當在四年 〈五二三〉。 蓋帝紀因詔彧討拔陵而言之，非拔陵於時始反也。」 按拔陵之反當在四年冬。
Third month: the people of Woye Garrison, Poluohan Baling, gathered a crowd and rebelled: Beishi juan 4 reads "han" as "han" of Korea. Elsewhere "luo" is written "liu" or "luo"; transliteration had no fixed graphs. Moreover, this book places the affair in the third month of the fifth year of Zhenguang; Zizhi tongjian juan 149 〈pp. 4674–75〉 Examining Differences states: "The annals of the Wei emperor, fifth year of Zhenguang 〈524〉 Poluohan Baling rebelled; an edict ordered Prince of Huaiyang Yuan Yu to campaign against him. Fifth month: Yu was defeated and stripped of office. According to the Biography of Heba Sheng in the Zhou shu of Linghu Defen 〈juan 14〉 , Wei Ke'gu besieged Huaishuo Garrison for a full year before Sheng sent an urgent appeal to Yu. Thus Baling's rebellion should fall in the fourth year 〈523〉 The annals speak as they do because of the edict ordering Yu to campaign against Baling, not because Baling rebelled only at that time." Comment: Baling's rebellion should be placed in the winter of the fourth year.
118
南秦州城人孫掩御覽卷一０三 〈四九六頁〉 「孫掩」作「孫獠」，下注「張絞切」。 按卷五七崔挺附崔遊傳作「孫𥛰」。 御覽有注音，似非字訛。 但注音是宋人所加。 「獠」字也音力弔切，和「𥛰」同音，當時奏報只是據所聞之音，故紀、傳微異。 但却可證「掩」字之訛。
Sun Liao of the garrison people of Southern Qin province: Imperial Reader juan 103 〈p. 496〉 reads "Sun Liao" as "Sun Liao" with the dog radical and notes "Zhang jiao cut." Comment: the attached Biography of Cui You in juan 57 Biography of Cui Ting reads "Sun Liao" with the grain radical over "yao." The Imperial Reader has a phonetic gloss, so this does not seem a simple corruption of the graph. But the gloss was added by men of the Song. The character "liao" is also read li diao cut, the same sound as "liao" with the grain radical; the memorial at the time followed only the sound heard, hence the slight difference between annal and biography. Yet this proves the corruption of the character "yan."
119
太提遣城人卜朝襲克高平通鑑卷一五四 〈四六八０〉 頁「朝」作「胡」。
Tai Commander Bu Chao of the garrison people seized Gaoping: Zizhi tongjian juan 154 〈p. 4680〉 reads "Chao" as "Hu."
120
吐谷渾主伏連籌兵討涼州北史卷四「兵」上有「遣」字。 按文義當有此字。
Tuyuhun lord Foulian sent troops to campaign against Liang province: Beishi juan 4 has the character "sent" before "troops." According to the sense of the text, this character should be present.
121
戊子按孝昌元年五月乙巳朔，無「戊子」，當有訛字。
Wuzi day: Comment: in the fifth month of the first year of Xiaochang, yisi was the first day of the month; there was no "wuzi" day—the day name is corrupt.
122
詔減天下諸調之半御覽卷一０三 〈四九六頁〉 、冊府卷四九０ 〈五八五九頁〉 「諸調」作「租調」。
Edict to reduce all levies of the realm by half: Imperial Reader juan 103 〈p. 496〉 , Cefu juan 490 〈p. 5859〉 read "all levies" as "land and levies."
123
行臺常景遣都督于榮邀于粟園通鑑卷一五一 〈四七一四頁〉 「粟園」作「栗園」。 胡注：「栗園當在范陽固安縣界，固安之栗，天下稱之。」 按水經注卷二一汝水篇，有「栗園」，在懸瓠，與此異地，但注云：「栗小，殊不並固安之實也。」 則魏末固安仍以產栗著稱。 胡說不為無據。
Mobile-circuit commander Chang Jing dispatched Commander Yu Rong to intercept at Suyuan: Zizhi tongjian juan 151 〈p. 4714〉 reads "Suyuan" as "Liyuan." Hu's note: "Liyuan should lie within the bounds of Gu'an county in Fanyang; the chestnuts of Gu'an were famed throughout the realm." Comment: Shui jing zhu juan 21, Ru River section, also has a "Liyuan" at Xuanchi, a different place—but the note says: "The chestnuts there are small and cannot compare with the fruit of Gu'an." Thus at the end of Wei, Gu'an was still famed for its chestnuts. Hu's explanation is not without grounds.
124
進封廣川縣開國公元巶為常山王諸本「巶」作「邵」。 按新出常山文恭王墓誌云：「王諱巶，字子開」，乃清河王懌第二子。 卷九四閹官劉思逸傳見「清河王息邵」，知魏書之「常山王邵」，即墓誌之「常山王巶」。 「巶」字見集韵卷三宵韵下，即昭穆之「昭」。 梁書卷二八韋放傳、卷三二陳慶之傳敍梁攻圍渦陽 〈大通元年即魏正光三年 (五二七)〉 ，並云魏遣「常山王元昭」等統兵救援，為梁所敗，亦即墓誌之「元巶」。 墓誌不載巶援渦陽事，當因戰敗而諱之。 本卷則於梁攻渦陽一字不及，元巶領兵救援就也失載。 當時「常山王」唯此一人，「邵」乃「巶」形近而訛，今據墓誌改。 卷一０莊帝紀建義元年四月庚子、卷一二靜帝紀興和元年三月甲寅及上引劉思逸傳同訛，逕改，不再出校記。
Advanced in enfeoffment Guangchuan county founding marquis Yuan Zhao to Prince of Changshan: in all editions "Zhao" is written "Shao." Comment: the newly excavated epitaph of Prince Wengong of Changshan states: "The prince's taboo name Zhao, style Zikai"—the second son of Prince Qinghe Yi. Juan 94 Biography of the Eunuch Liu Siyi mentions "Shao, son of Prince Qinghe"—thus the Wei shu's "Prince of Changshan Shao" in the annals is the "Prince of Changshan Zhao" of the epitaph. The character "Zhao" appears in Jiyun juan 3 under the xiao rhyme—it is the "zhao" of zhaomu, bright and solemn. Liang shu juan 28 Biography of Wei Fang and juan 32 Biography of Chen Qingzhi narrate Liang's siege of Woyang 〈Datong year 1—that is, the third year of Wei Zhenguang (527 CE)〉 —both say Wei sent Prince of Changshan Yuan Zhao and others to lead relief troops and that Liang defeated them; this is the Yuan Zhao of the epitaph. The epitaph omits Zhao's relief of Woyang, likely because the campaign failed. This juan never mentions Liang's attack on Woyang, nor Zhao's march to relieve it. Only one Prince of Changshan existed then; "Shao" is a graphic corruption of "Zhao," emended here from the epitaph. The same error appears in juan 10 (Annals of Emperor Zhuang, gengzi of Jianyi year 1), juan 12 (Annals of Emperor Jing, jiayin of Xinghe year 1), and the Biography of Liu Siyi cited above—all corrected in the text without separate notes.
125
借賃公田者畝一斗諸本「斗」作「升」，據本書卷一０一食貨志、北史卷四、冊府卷四八七 〈五八二七頁〉 、通典卷五改。
Lessees of public fields paid one dou per mu: all editions write "sheng" for "dou"; juan 101 here, Beishi juan 4, and Cefu juan 487 〈p. 5827〉 and Tongdian juan 5 support the emendation.
126
衍將元樹逼壽春諸本「元」訛「原」。 據上文本年七月甲子條、卷九八蕭衍傳、梁書卷三武帝紀普通七年十一月辛巳條改。
Yan's general Yuan Shu pressed Shouchun: every edition writes the Yuan clan name as the homophone for "origin." Corrected from the seventh-month jiazi entry above, juan 98 (Biography of Xiao Yan), and Liang shu juan 3 (eleventh month xinsi, seventh year of Putong).
127
叱干騏驎入據豳州諸本「叱干」訛「比干」。 據卷二一北海王顥傳、卷一一三官氏志「叱干氏」條改。
Chigan Qilin entered and took Bin province: all editions corrupt "Chigan" to "Bigan." Emended from juan 21 (Biography of Prince of Beihai Hao) and juan 113 (Monograph on Offices and Clans, Chigan clan entry).
128
蕭衍將湛僧珍圍東豫州通鑑卷一五一 〈四七二一－二二頁〉 「僧珍」作「僧智」。 考異云：「魏帝紀及曹世表傳作「湛僧」，今從梁夏侯夔傳。」 按今此紀及卷七二曹世表傳並作「僧珍」，唯冊府卷一二一 〈一四五一頁〉 作「僧」，知通鑑、冊府所據魏書此紀，本無「珍」字。 然上文孝昌二年七月甲子條、卷九八蕭衍傳及北齊書卷一九王懷傳都見「湛僧珍」，則其人雖實名「僧智」，而北人當時自呼作「僧珍」，或單稱作「僧」，今不改。
Xiao Yan's general Zhan Sengzhen besieged Eastern Yuzhou: see Zizhi tongjian juan 151 〈pp. 4721–22〉 which reads "Sengzhen" as "Sengzhi." Examining Differences says the Wei annals and Biography of Cao Shibiao read "Zhan Seng"; it prefers the Biography of Xiahou Dai in Liang. Note: this annal and juan 72 (Biography of Cao Shibiao) both read "Sengzhen"; only Cefu juan 121 〈p. 1451〉 has "Seng," showing the Wei shu annal behind Tongjian and Cefu originally lacked "zhen." Yet the jiazi entry in Xiaochang year 2 above, juan 98 (Xiao Yan), and Beiqishu juan 19 (Wang Huai) all have "Zhan Sengzhen"; his true name was Sengzhi, but northerners said Sengzhen or simply Seng—left unchanged here.
129
清河民房須自署大都督卷二一下彭城王劭傳、冊府卷一二一 〈一四五一頁〉 「須」作「頃」，通鑑卷一五一 〈四七二四頁〉 作「項」。 不知孰是。
Fang Xu of Qinghe styled himself Grand Commander: juan 21, part 2 (Prince of Pengcheng Shao), and Cefu juan 121 〈p. 1451〉 read "Xu" as "Qing"; Zizhi tongjian juan 151 〈p. 4724〉 reads "Xiang." Which reading is correct cannot be determined.
130
九月辛卯北史卷四「辛卯」作「己未」。 按是年九月辛酉朔，既無「己未」，亦無「辛卯」。
Ninth month, xinmao day: Beishi juan 4 writes "xinmao" as "jiwei." Note: that year the ninth month began on xinyou; neither a jiwei nor a xinmao day occurred.