1
孝莊皇帝，諱子攸，彭城王勰之第三子，母曰李妃。 肅宗初，以勰有魯陽翼衞之勳，封武城縣開國公。 幼侍肅宗書於禁內。 及長，風神秀慧，姿貌甚美。 拜中書侍郎、城門校尉、兼給事黃門侍郎，雅為肅宗所親待，長直禁中。 遷散騎常侍、御史中尉。 孝昌二年八月，進封長樂王。 轉侍中、中軍將軍。 三年十月，以兄彭城王劭事，轉為衞將軍、左光祿大夫、中書監，實見出也。
Emperor Xiaozhuang bore the taboo name Ziyou. He was the third son of Prince of Pengcheng Rong; his mother was Consort Li. Early in Suzong's reign, because Rong had merit guarding and supporting at Luyang, Ziyou was enfeoffed as state-founding Duke of Wucheng. As a boy he studied with Suzong inside the palace. When he came of age his bearing was elegant and keen, and his looks strikingly fine. He was made vice director of the secretariat, colonel of the city gates, and concurrently attendant at the yellow gate; Suzong favored and trusted him deeply, and he kept long watches in the inner palace. He was transferred to scattered cavalier attendant and censor-in-chief. In the eighth month of the second year of Xiaochang he was advanced to prince of Changle. He was transferred to attendant-in-ordinary and general of the central army. In the tenth month of the third year, because of his elder brother Prince of Pengcheng Xu, he was transferred to general of the guard, grand master of splendid carriages with golden seal and purple cord, and director of the secretariat—a real demotion in all but name.
2
及武泰元年春二月，肅宗崩，大都督尒朱榮將向京師，謀欲廢立。 以帝家有忠勳，且兼民望，陰與帝通，榮乃率眾來赴。
In spring of the second month of the first year of Wutai, Suzong died. Grand Commander Erzhu Rong was marching on the capital with plans to depose and enthrone. Because the house had shown loyal merit and he enjoyed popular regard, Rong secretly treated with him; Rong then led his troops to answer the call.
3
夏四月丙申，帝與兄弟夜北渡河； 丁酉，會榮於河陽。 戊戌，南濟河，即帝位。 以兄彭城王劭為無上王，弟霸城公子正為始平王。 以榮為使持節、侍中、都督中外諸軍事、大將軍、尚書令、領軍將軍、領左右，封太原王。 己亥，百僚相率，有司奉璽紱，備法駕，奉迎於河梁。 庚子，車駕巡河，西至陶渚。 榮以兵權在己，遂有異志，乃害靈太后及幼主，次害無上王劭、始平王子正，又害丞相高陽王雍、司空公元欽、儀同三司元恒芝、儀同三司東平王略、廣平王悌、常山王巶、北平王超、任城王彝、趙郡王毓、[1]中山王叔仁、齊郡王溫，公卿已下二千餘人。 列騎衞帝，遷於便幕。 既而榮悔，稽顙謝罪。 語在榮傳。
On bingchen day in the fourth month the emperor and his brothers crossed the Yellow River northward by night; on dingyou day he met Rong at Heyin. On wuxu day he crossed south and took the throne. His elder brother Prince of Pengcheng Xu was made prince without superior; his younger brother Zizheng, son of Prince of Bacheng, was made prince of Shiping. Rong was made bearer of the staff of authority, attendant-in-ordinary, commander of all armies at home and abroad, grand general, director of the secretariat, general of the garrison, and commander of the left and right guards, and enfeoffed as Prince of Taiyuan. On jihai day the hundred officials in succession, the relevant offices bearing seal and cord and full imperial equipage, welcomed him at the He Bridge. On gengzi day the imperial carriage toured the river as far west as Taozhu. With military power in his own hands Rong then turned traitor: he slew Empress Dowager Hu and the young emperor, then Prince Without Superior Xu and Prince of Shiping Zizheng, then Chancellor Prince of Gaoyang Yong, Minister of Works Yuan Qin, two palace attendants of the third rank—Yuan Hengzhi and Prince of Dongping Lue—and Princes of Guangping, Changshan, Beiping, Rencheng, Zhao, [1] Zhongshan, and Qi Commandery, with more than two thousand from dukes and ministers downward. Columns of cavalry guarded the emperor and moved him to a field pavilion. Soon Rong repented and knocked his forehead to the earth in confession. The account is in Rong's biography.
4
壬寅，太原王尒朱榮上表，請追諡無上王為皇帝。 餘死於河陰者，諸王、刺史贈三司，三品者令僕，五品者刺史，七品以下及民郡、鎮。 諸死者子孫，聽立後，授封爵。 詔從之。 癸卯，以前太尉公、江陽王繼為太師、司州牧； 驃騎大將軍、開府、儀同三司、相州刺史、北海王顥為太傅、開府，仍刺史； 平東將軍、光祿大夫、清淵縣開國侯李延寔為太保，進封陽平王，尋轉太傅； 安南將軍、并州刺史元天穆為太尉公，封上黨王； 侍中、車騎大將軍、儀同三司楊椿為司徒公； 車騎大將軍、儀同三司、頓丘郡開國公穆紹為司空公，領尚書令，進爵為王； 使持節、車騎大將軍、雍州刺史、上黨公長孫稚為驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，進爵為王，尋改封馮翊王； 中軍將軍、殿中尚書元諶為儀同三司、尚書左僕射，封魏郡王； 中軍將軍、給事黃門侍郎元頊為東海王； 金紫光祿大夫、廣陵王恭為儀同三司。 甲辰，追復故廣陽王淵、故樂安王鑒爵。 通直散騎常侍、敷城王坦為咸陽王，諫議大夫元貴平為東萊王，直閣將軍元肅為魯郡王，祕書郎中元曄為長廣王，馮翊郡開國公源紹景復先爵隴西王，扶風郡開國公馮冏、東郡公陸子彰、北平公長孫悅並復其先王爵，以北平王超還復為安定王。 丁未，詔內外解嚴。 庚戌，封大將軍尒朱榮次子叉羅為梁郡王。 詔蠕蠕主阿那瓌贊拜不名，上書不稱臣。
On renyin day Prince of Taiyuan Erzhu Rong memorialized asking that Prince Without Superior be posthumously titled emperor. For the rest who died at Heyin: princes and regional inspectors were posthumously given third rank; third-rank officials were given director; fifth-rank, regional inspector; seventh rank and below, commandery and garrison posts. Descendants of the dead were allowed to establish heirs and were granted titles and fiefs. An edict approved. On guimao day the former minister of works, Prince of Jiangyang Ji, was made grand preceptor and governor of Sizhou; Hao, grand general of agile cavalry, commissioner with credentials, palace attendant of the third rank, regional inspector of Xiang, was made grand tutor and commissioner with credentials, and remained regional inspector; Li Yanshi, general who pacifies the east, grand master of splendid carriages, and state-founding Marquis of Qingyuan, was made grand guardian, advanced to prince of Yangping, and soon transferred to grand tutor; Yuan Tianmu, general who pacifies the south and regional inspector of Bing, was made minister of works and enfeoffed Prince of Shangdang; Yang Chun, attendant-in-ordinary, grand general of chariots and cavalry, and palace attendant of the third rank, was made minister over the masses; Mu Shao, grand general of chariots and cavalry, palace attendant of the third rank, and state-founding Duke of Dunqiu, was made minister of works, held additionally director of the secretariat, and advanced to prince; Changsun Zhi, bearer of the staff, grand general of chariots and cavalry, regional inspector of Yong, and Duke of Shangdang, was made grand general of agile cavalry with credentials of the third rank, advanced to prince, and soon re-enfeoffed Prince of Fengyi; Yuan Chen, general of the central army and director of the palace secretariat, was made palace attendant of the third rank and left vice director of the secretariat, and enfeoffed Prince of Wei Commandery; Yuan Xu, general of the central army and attendant at the yellow gate, was made prince of the Eastern Sea; Gong, grand master of splendid carriages with golden seal and purple cord and Prince of Guangling, was made palace attendant of the third rank. On jiachen day the former titles of the late Prince of Guangyang Yuan and Prince of Le'an Jian were restored. Tan, palace attendant of regular attendance and Prince of Fucheng, was made Prince of Xianyang; remonstrator Yuan Guiping, Prince of Donglai; direct palace attendant Yuan Su, Prince of Lu; secretariat gentleman Yuan Ye, Prince of Changgang; Yuan Shaojing, state-founding Duke of Fengyi, had his former title Prince of Longxi restored; Feng Tong of Fufeng, Lu Zizhang of Dong, and Changsun Yue of Beiping all had former princely titles restored; Prince of Beiping Chao was again made Prince of Anding. On dingwei day an edict lifted martial law within and without. On gengxu day Chaluo, second son of Grand General Erzhu Rong, was enfeoffed Prince of Liang Commandery. An edict granted the Rouran ruler Anagui bowing without being named and memorials without styling himself subject.
5
是月，汝南王悅、北海王顥、臨淮王彧前後奔蕭衍，郢州刺史元願達據城南叛。
That month Princes of Runan, Beihai, and Huaiyin fled in succession to Xiao Yan; Yuan Yuanda, regional inspector of Ying, held the south of the city in rebellion.
6
五月丁巳朔，加大將軍尒朱榮北道大行臺。 以尚書右僕射元羅為東道大使，征東將軍、光祿勳元欣副之，巡方黜陟，先行後聞。 辛酉，大將軍尒朱榮還晉陽，帝餞於邙陰。 丙寅，詔曰：「自孝昌之季，法令昏泯，懷忠守素，擁隔莫申，深怨宿憾，控告靡所。 其有事在通途，橫被疑異，名例無爽，枉見排抑，或選舉不平，或賦役煩苛，諸如此者不可具說。 其有訴人經公車注不合者，悉集華林東門，朕當親理冤獄，以申積滯。」 己巳，齊州郡民賈皓聚眾反，夜襲州城，會明退走。 乙亥，晉州刺史樊子鵠克唐州，斬刺史崔元珍、行臺酈惲，傳首京師。 壬午，詔求德行、文藝、政事強直者，縣令、太守、刺史皆敍其志業，具以表聞。 得三人以上，縣令、太守、刺史賞一階； 舉非其人，亦黜一階。 又以舊敍軍勳不過征虜，自今以後宜依前式以上，餘階積而為品。 其從輿駕北來之徒，不在此例。 悉不聽破品受階，破階請帛。
On dingsi day, the new moon of the fifth month, Grand General Erzhu Rong was given the additional title of grand mobile circuit of the northern route. Yuan Luo, right vice director of the secretariat, was made envoy of the eastern circuit; Yuan Xin, general who campaigns east, was deputy; they toured the regions for promotion and demotion, acting first and reporting afterward. On xinyou day Grand General Erzhu Rong returned to Jinyang; the emperor saw him off on the north slope of Mount Mang. On bingyin day an edict said: "Since the late Xiaochang era laws and orders have grown dim; those who kept faith and plain integrity found no way to be heard; long-held grievances had nowhere to plead. Those whose affairs belong on the public road yet were wrongly suspected, whose cases under statute were without fault yet were wrongly suppressed, or who suffered unfair selection or onerous levies and corvée—such cases are beyond counting. Those whose petitions through the imperial coach office do not conform to procedure shall all assemble at the east gate of Hualin; we shall personally judge wrongful cases to clear accumulated wrongs." On jisi day Jia Hao of Qi province gathered a host in rebellion, raided the provincial city by night, and withdrew at dawn. On yihai day Fan Zihu, regional inspector of Jin, took Tangzhou, beheaded regional inspector Cui Yuanzhen and mobile-circuit attendant Li Yun, and sent their heads to the capital. On renwu day an edict sought men of virtue, literary accomplishment, and upright governance; magistrates, governors, and regional inspectors were to set forth aims and achievements in full memorial. When three or more worthy men were found, the magistrate, governor, or regional inspector was rewarded one rank; if the men recommended were unfit, one rank was likewise demoted. It was also ordered that under the old system military merit ranks did not exceed general who campaigns abroad; from now on they should follow the former pattern upward, with remaining ranks accumulating into grade. Those who had followed the imperial carriage north were excepted. All were forbidden to break grade to receive rank; breaking rank meant requesting silk instead.
7
先是，蕭衍遣其將曹義宗寇荊州。 癸未，以中軍將軍、吏部尚書費穆為使持節、都督南征諸軍事，節度荊州刺史王羆以討之。
Earlier Xiao Yan had sent his general Cao Yizong to raid Jing. On guimao day Fei Mu, general of the central army and director of the ministry of personnel, was made bearer of the staff and commander of the southern campaign armies, directing Wang Pi, regional inspector of Jing, to attack him.
8
六月丁亥朔，追封兄真定縣開國公子直為陳留王。 庚寅，以鎮軍將軍、金紫光祿大夫李虔為車騎大將軍、儀同三司、特進。 辛卯，南荊州刺史李志據城南叛。 通直散騎常侍高乾邕及弟等，率合流民、起兵於齊州之平原，頻破州軍，詔東道大使元欣喻旨，乃降。
On dinghai day, the new moon of the sixth month, the emperor's elder brother Zhi, state-founding Duke of Zhending, was posthumously enfeoffed Prince of Chenliu. On gengyin day Li Qian, general who guards the army and grand master of splendid carriages, was made grand general of chariots and cavalry, palace attendant of the third rank, and specially advanced. On xinmao day Li Zhi, regional inspector of southern Jing, held the south of the city in rebellion. Gao Qianyou, palace attendant of regular attendance, and his brothers led gathered refugees and raised troops on the plain of Qi, repeatedly defeating provincial troops; eastern-circuit envoy Yuan Xin conveyed the imperial intent, and they surrendered.
9
是月，葛榮飢，使其僕射任褒率車三萬餘乘南寇，至沁水。 癸卯，以高昌王世子光為平西將軍、瓜州刺史，襲爵泰臨縣開國伯、[2]高昌王。 太尉公、上黨王天穆為大都督、東北道諸軍事，率都督宗正珍孫、奚毅、賀拔勝、尒朱陽都等討任褒。 帝以寇難未夷，避正殿，責躬撤膳。 又班募格，收集忠勇。 其有直言正諫之士、敢決徇義之夫、陳國家利害之謀、赴君親危難之節者，集華林園，面論事。
That month Ge Rong, starving, had his vice director Ren Bao lead more than thirty thousand carts south in raid as far as Qin River. On guimao day Guang, heir of the King of Gaochang, was made general who pacifies the west and regional inspector of Gua, inheriting the title state-founding Marquis of Tailin, [2] King of Gaochang. Tianmu, minister of works and Prince of Shangdang, was made grand commander of the northeastern-route armies, leading Zhensun, commandant of the imperial clan, Xi Yi, Heba Sheng, Erzhu Yangdu, and others against Ren Bao. Because bandit troubles were not yet settled, the emperor avoided the main hall, blamed himself, and withdrew delicacies. Recruitment placards were also posted to gather the loyal and brave. Men of straight counsel, those ready to die for righteousness, advisers on the state's gain and harm, or anyone answering peril to ruler and kin were to gather at Hualin Park and speak with the throne face to face.
10
幽州平北府主簿河間邢杲，率河北流民十餘萬戶反於青州之北海，自署漢王，號年天統。 戊申，以征東將軍、金紫光祿大夫李叔仁為車騎大將軍、儀同三司，率眾討之。 詔直寢紀業持節募新免牧戶，有投名効力者授九品官。 己酉，詔諸有私馬仗從戎者，職人優兩大階，亦授實官； 白民出身，外優兩階，亦授實官。 若武藝超倫者，雖無私馬，亦依前條； 雖不超倫，但射槊翹關一藝而膽略有施者，依第出身外，特優一大階，授實官。 若無姓第者，從八品出身，階依前加，特授實官。 辛亥，詔曰：「朕當親御六戎，掃靜燕代，大將軍、太原王尒朱榮率精甲十萬為左軍，上黨王天穆總眾八萬為前軍，司徒公楊椿勒兵十萬為右軍，司空公穆紹統卒八萬為後軍。」
Xing Shuo, chief clerk of the Pingbei office in You, led more than a hundred thousand households of refugees from Hebei in rebellion at Beihai in Qing, styled himself King of Han, and adopted the era name Tiantong. On wushen day Li Shuren, general who campaigns east and grand master of splendid carriages, was made grand general of chariots and cavalry, palace attendant of the third rank, and led troops against him. An edict ordered Ji Ye, direct attendant and bearer of the staff, to recruit newly released pasture households; those who enrolled to serve were given ninth-rank office. On jiyou day an edict said that those with private horses and arms who followed the campaign, if officeholders, received preferential advancement of two major ranks and also substantive office; commoners entering service received two preferential ranks beyond the register and substantive office as well. If martial skill surpassed the norm, even without a private horse the same rule applied; if not surpassing the norm but skilled in one art—shooting the lance or lifting the bar—and showing courage and plan, beyond sequence one major rank was specially added and substantive office granted. Without a surname rank, entry began at the eighth rank, ranks were added as above, and substantive office was specially granted. On xinhai day an edict said: "We shall personally lead the six armies and sweep Yan and Dai; Grand General Prince of Taiyuan Erzhu Rong shall lead a hundred thousand picked troops as the left army; Prince of Shangdang Tianmu eighty thousand as the vanguard; Minister over the Masses Yang Chun a hundred thousand as the right army; Minister of Works Mu Shao eighty thousand as the rear army."
11
是月，葛榮眾退屯相州之北。
That month Ge Rong's host withdrew and encamped north of Xiang.
12
秋七月丁巳，詔從四品以上從征者不得優階，正四品者優一階。 軍級從三品以上從征，四品者優一大階。 [3]正五品以下，還依前格，若有征階十餘，計入四品、三品。 限授五階。 己未，詔前試守東郡太守唐景宣為持節、都督，於東郡召募僑居流民二千人，渡河隨便為柵，準望臺軍。 是月，齊獻武王於鄴西北慰喻葛榮別帥稱王者七人，眾萬餘，降之。 乙丑，加大將軍尒朱榮柱國大將軍、錄尚書事。 辛巳，尚書奏斷百官公給衣冠、劍佩、綬舄。 壬子，光州人劉舉聚眾數千反於濮陽，自稱皇武大將軍。 是月，高平鎮人万俟醜奴僭稱大位，署置百官。 是月，[4]臨淮王彧自江南還朝。
On dingsi day in the seventh month of autumn an edict said that from the fourth rank upward those who followed the campaign might not receive preferential rank; those of the regular fourth rank received one preferential rank. By military grade, from the third rank up those who joined the campaign gave fourth-rank men one major preferential step. [3] For the regular fifth rank and below the old rules still held; when campaign ranks exceeded ten in total, they were folded into the fourth or third rank. Award was limited to five ranks. On jiwei day an edict made Tang Jingxuan, former provisional administrator of Dong, bearer of the staff and commander, to recruit two thousand sojourning refugees in Dong Commandery, cross the river and build stockades as convenient, and align with the imperial army. That month Qi Xianwu Wang northwest of Ye comforted and instructed seven of Ge Rong's detached chiefs who styled themselves kings—more than ten thousand in all—and they surrendered. On yichou day Grand General Erzhu Rong was given the additional titles of pillar grand general and recorder of secretariat affairs. On xinsi day the secretariat memorialized cutting off the public provision of robes, caps, swords, girdles, and shoes for the hundred officials. On renzi day Liu Ju of Guang province gathered several thousand in rebellion at Puyang and styled himself Grand General Huangwu. That month Moqi Chounu of Gaoping garrison usurped the great position and installed the hundred offices. That month [4] Prince of Huaiyin Yu came back to court from the south.
13
八月，太山太守羊侃據郡引蕭衍將軍王辯攻兗州。 [5]甲辰，詔大都督宗正珍孫率南廣州刺史、都督鄭先護討劉舉於濮陽，破平之。 以侍中、驃騎大將軍、臨淮王彧為儀同三司。
In the eighth month Yang Kan, administrator of Tai, held the commandery and brought in Xiao Yan's general Wang Bian to attack Yan. [5] On jiachen day an edict ordered Grand Commander Zhensun, commandant of the imperial clan, to lead Zheng Xianhu, regional inspector of southern Guang, to attack Liu Ju at Puyang; he was defeated and pacified. Yu, attendant-in-ordinary, grand general of agile cavalry, and Prince of Huaiyin, was made palace attendant of the third rank.
14
是月，車騎大將軍、儀同三司李叔仁討邢杲於濰水，失利而還。 大都督費穆大破蕭衍軍，擒其將曹義宗，檻送京師。 蕭衍以北海王顥為魏主，號年孝基，入據南兗之銍城。
That month Li Shuren, grand general of chariots and cavalry and palace attendant of the third rank, attacked Xing Shuo on the Wei River, was defeated, and returned. Grand Commander Fei Mu routed Xiao Yan's forces, took his general Cao Yizong, and sent him to the capital in a cage. Xiao Yan made Prince of Beihai Hao ruler of Wei, era name Xiaoji; he entered and held Qiaocheng in southern Yan.
15
十有一月戊午，以無上王世子韶為彭城王，陳留王子寬為陳留王，寬弟剛為浮陽王，剛弟質為林慮王。 癸亥，齊獻武王、行臺于暉，與徐兗行臺崔孝芬、大都督刁宣大破羊侃於瑕丘，侃奔蕭衍。 兗州平。 戊寅，以上黨王天穆為大將軍、開府，世襲并州刺史。 封前將軍、太中大夫元凝為東安王。
On wuwu day in the eleventh month the heir of Prince Without Superior Shao was made Prince of Pengcheng; Zikuan, son of Prince of Chenliu, Prince of Chenliu; his younger brother Gang, Prince of Fuyang; Gang's younger brother Zhi, Prince of Linlu. On guihai day Qi Xianwu Wang and mobile-circuit attendant Yu Hui, with the Xu-Yan mobile circuit Yu Xiaofen and Grand Commander Diao Xuan, greatly defeated Yang Kan at Xiaqiu; Kan fled to Xiao Yan. Yan was pacified. On wuyin day Prince of Shangdang Tianmu was made grand general and commissioner with credentials, with hereditary regional inspector of Bing. Yuan Ning, former general and grand master of the palace, was enfeoffed Prince of Dong'an.
16
十有二月庚子，詔行臺于暉回師討邢杲，次於歷下。
In the twelfth month, on gengzi day, an edict ordered Yu Hui, mobile-circuit attendant, to return his army and attack Xing Shuo, halting at Lixia.
17
是歲，葛榮餘黨韓樓復據幽州反。
That year Han Lou, a remnant of Ge Rong's band, again held You in rebellion.
18
二年春正月甲寅，于暉所部都督彭樂率二千餘騎北走於韓樓，乃班師。
In the first month of spring of the second year, on jiayin day, Peng Le, commander under Yu Hui, led more than two thousand cavalry north to Han Lou, and the army then withdrew.
19
二月癸未朔，詔諸禁衞之官從戎有功及傷夷者，赴選先敍。 甲午，尊皇考為文穆皇帝，廟號肅祖，皇妣為文穆皇后。 燕州民王慶祖聚眾於上黨，自稱為王。 柱國大將軍尒朱榮討擒之。 壬寅，詔散騎常侍濟陰王暉業兼行臺尚書，督都督李德龍、丘大千鎮梁國。
On guimao day, the new moon of the second month, an edict said that palace guard officials who had merit in the campaign or wounds were to be advanced first at selection. On jiawu day the late emperor, the emperor's father, was honored as Emperor Wenmu, temple name Suzu; the late empress, the emperor's mother, as Empress Wenmu. Wang Qingzu of Yan province gathered a host at Shangdang and styled himself king. Pillar Grand General Erzhu Rong attacked and captured him. On renyin day an edict made Huiye, palace attendant of regular attendance and Prince of Jiyin, concurrently act as mobile-circuit director of the secretariat, supervising Li Delong and Qiu Daqian in guarding Liang.
20
三月壬戌，詔大將軍、上黨王天穆與齊獻武王討邢杲。
On renxu day in the third month an edict ordered Tianmu, grand general and Prince of Shangdang, and Qi Xianwu Wang to attack Xing Shuo.
21
夏四月癸未，遷肅祖文穆皇帝及文穆皇后神主于太廟，內外百僚普汎加一級。 曲赦畿內，死罪至流人減一等，徒刑以下悉免。 庚子，詔太原王尒朱榮下將士並汎加二級。 辛丑，上黨王天穆、齊獻武王大破邢杲於齊州之濟南，杲降，送京師，斬於都市。 元顥攻陷考城，執行臺元暉業、都督丘大千。
On guimao day in the fourth month of summer the spirit tablets of Suzu Emperor Wenmu and Empress Wenmu were moved to the Grand Temple; officials within and without all received a general promotion of one rank. A partial amnesty in the capital region cut death and exile sentences by one degree and freed all penal servitude and below. On gengzi day an edict ordered a general promotion of two ranks for officers and soldiers under Prince of Taiyuan Erzhu Rong. On xinchou day Prince of Shangdang Tianmu and Qi Xianwu Wang greatly defeated Xing Shuo at Jinan in Qi; Shuo surrendered, was sent to the capital, and beheaded in the marketplace. Yuan Hao took Kaocheng, capturing Yuan Huiye, mobile-circuit attendant, and Commander Qiu Daqian.
22
五月壬子朔，元顥克梁國。 丁巳，以撫軍將軍、前徐州刺史楊昱為使持節、鎮東將軍、東南道大都督，率眾鎮滎陽； 尚書僕射尒朱世隆鎮虎牢； 侍中尒朱世承鎮崿岅。 辛酉，詔私馬仗從戎優階授官。 壬戌，又詔募士一依征葛榮。 甲子，又詔職人及民出馬，優階各有差。 乙丑，內外戒嚴。 癸酉，元顥陷滎陽，執楊昱。 尒朱世隆棄虎牢遁還。 甲戌，車駕北巡，乙亥，幸河內。 丙子，元顥入洛。 丁丑，進封城陽縣開國公元祉為平原王，安昌縣開國侯元鷙為華山王，並加儀同三司。 戊寅，行臺崔孝芬、大都督刁宣破元顥後軍都督侯暄於梁國，斬之，擒其卒三千人。 以侍中、車騎將軍、尚書右僕射尒朱世隆為使持節、行臺僕射、本將軍、相州刺史，鎮鄴城，以便宜從事。 又詔上黨百年以下九十以上板三品郡，八十以上四品郡，七十以上五品郡。 太原王尒朱榮會車駕於長子，即日反斾。 上黨王天穆北渡，會車駕於河內。
On renzi day, the new moon of the fifth month, Yuan Hao took Liang province. On dingsi day Yang Yu, general who guards the army and former regional inspector of Xu, was made bearer of the staff, general who pacifies the east, and grand commander of the southeastern route, leading troops to guard Xingyang; Erzhu Shilong, right vice director of the secretariat, guarded Hulao; Erzhu Shicheng, attendant-in-ordinary, guarded Mount Yao. On xinyou day an edict on preferential rank and office for those with private horses and arms who followed the campaign. On renxu day another edict recruited soldiers according to the campaign against Ge Rong. On jiazi day another edict said that officeholders and commoners who furnished horses received preferential ranks in differing degrees. On yichou day martial law was proclaimed within and without. On guiyou day Yuan Hao took Xingyang and captured Yang Yu. Erzhu Shilong abandoned Hulao and fled back. On jiaxu day the imperial carriage toured north; on yihai day it reached Henei. On bingzi day Yuan Hao entered Luoyang. On dingchou day Zhi, state-founding Duke of Chengyang, was advanced to Prince of Pingyuan; Chi, state-founding Marquis of Anchang, was made Prince of Huashan; both were given palace attendant of the third rank. On wuyin day Cui Xiaofen, mobile-circuit attendant, and Grand Commander Diao Xuan defeated Yuan Hao's rear-army commander Hou Xuan at Liang, beheaded him, and captured three thousand troops. Erzhu Shilong, attendant-in-ordinary, grand general of chariots and cavalry, and right vice director of the secretariat, was made bearer of the staff, mobile-circuit vice director of the secretariat, general of his former post, and regional inspector of Xiang, guarding Ye with discretionary authority. Another edict in Shangdang conferred third-rank commandery plaque on those under a hundred and ninety or more; fourth-rank at eighty; fifth-rank at seventy. Prince of Taiyuan Erzhu Rong met the emperor at Changzi and turned his banners back the same day. Prince of Shangdang Tianmu crossed north and met the imperial carriage at Henei.
23
六月己丑，儀同三司費穆為顥所害。 壬寅，克河內，斬太守元襲、都督宗正珍孫。
On jichou day in the sixth month Fei Mu, palace attendant of the third rank, was killed by Hao. On renyin day Henei was taken; Administrator Yuan Xi and Commander Zhensun were beheaded.
24
秋七月戊辰，都督尒朱兆、賀拔勝從硤石夜濟，破顥子冠受及安豐王延明軍，元顥敗走。 庚午，車駕入居華林園，昇大夏門，大赦天下。 以使持節、車騎將軍、都督、潁川郡開國公尒朱兆為車騎大將軍、儀同三司。 詔以前朝勳書多竊冒，宜一切焚棄之，若立效灼然為時所知者，別加科賞。 蕃客及邊酋翻城降，有勳未叙者，不在焚斷之限。 北來軍士及隨駕文武、馬渚立義，[7]加汎五級； 河北執事之官，二級； 河南立義及迎駕之官，并中途扈從，亦二級。 壬申，以柱國大將軍、太原王尒朱榮為天柱大將軍，加前後部羽葆、鼓吹。 癸酉，臨潁縣卒江豐斬元顥，傳首京師。 甲戌，以大將軍、上黨王天穆為太宰，司徒公、城陽王徽為大司馬、太尉公。 乙亥，宴勞天柱大將軍尒朱榮、上黨王天穆及北來督將於都亭，出宮人三百、繒錦雜綵數萬匹，班賜有差。 又諸州郡遣使奉表行宮者，並加一大階。 丁丑，獲元顥弟頊，[8]斬於都市。 詔受元顥爵賞、階級，悉追奪之。 己卯，以鎮東將軍、南青州刺史元旭為襄城王，平南將軍、南兗州刺史元暹為汝陽王。
On wuchen day in the seventh month of autumn Commanders Erzhu Zhao and Heba Sheng crossed from Shixia by night, defeated Hao's son Guanshou and Prince of Anfeng Yanming's army; Yuan Hao was defeated and fled. On gengwu day the imperial carriage entered Hualin Park, ascended the Great Summer Gate, and proclaimed a general amnesty throughout the realm. Erzhu Zhao, bearer of the staff, grand general of chariots and cavalry, commander, and state-founding Duke of Yingchuan, was made grand general of chariots and cavalry and palace attendant of the third rank. An edict said that merit registers of the former court were much falsely claimed and should all be burned; if achievement was clearly established and known to the age, separate rewards in kind would be given. Foreign guests and frontier chiefs who turned in cities and surrendered, with merit still unrecorded, were excepted from the burning. Soldiers from the north and civil and military officials who followed the carriage, and those who took up righteousness at Mazhu, [7] all received a general promotion of five ranks; executive officials in Hebei, two ranks; those in Henan who took up righteousness, officials who welcomed the carriage, and escorts along the route likewise received two ranks. On renshen day Pillar Grand General Prince of Taiyuan Erzhu Rong was made Pillar of Heaven Grand General, with front and rear feathered canopy and martial pipes added. On guiyou day Jiang Feng, a soldier of Linying county, beheaded Yuan Hao and sent his head to the capital. On jiaxu day Tianmu, grand general and Prince of Shangdang, was made grand preceptor; Hui, minister over the masses and Prince of Chengyang, was made grand marshal and minister of works. On yihai day at the Capital Pavilion a feast rewarded Pillar of Heaven Grand General Erzhu Rong, Prince of Shangdang Tianmu, and the northern commanders; three hundred palace women and tens of thousands of bolts of silk and brocade were distributed with differing allotments. Envoys from provinces and commanderies who presented memorials at the traveling palace also each gained one major rank. On dingchou day Yuan Hao's younger brother Xu was captured, [8] and beheaded in the marketplace. An edict rescinded every title, reward, and rank granted to those who had followed Yuan Hao. On jimao day Xu, general who pacifies the east and regional inspector of southern Qing, was made Prince of Xiangcheng; Xian, general who pacifies the south and regional inspector of southern Yan, was made Prince of Ruyang.
25
閏月辛巳，帝始居宮內。 辛卯，以車騎將軍、兼吏部尚書楊津為司空。 巴州刺史嚴始欣據州南叛，蕭衍遣其將蕭玩、張鴻、江茂達等率眾赴援。
On xinsi day in the intercalary month the emperor first dwelt within the palace. On xinmao day Yang Jin, grand general of chariots and cavalry and concurrently director of the ministry of personnel, was made minister of works. Yan Shixin, regional inspector of Ba, rebelled and held the south of the province; Xiao Yan sent generals Xiao Wan, Zhang Hong, Jiang Maoda, and others to relieve him.
26
八月庚戌朔，詔諸有公私債負，一錢以上巨萬以還，悉皆禁斷，不得徵責。 己未，以侍中、太傅李延寔為司徒公。 丁卯，封瓜州刺史元太榮為東陽王。 甲戌，侍中、太保楊椿致仕。 乙亥，詔車騎將軍、右光祿大夫奚毅板授天柱大將軍尒朱榮、太宰天穆下勳及祖父叔伯耆年者牧守有差。
On gengxu day, the new moon of the eighth month, an edict forbade collection of public and private debts from one cash up to ten thousand in return—all collection was forbidden. On jiwei day Li Yanshi, attendant-in-ordinary and grand tutor, was made minister over the masses. On dingmao day Yuan Tairong, regional inspector of Gua, was enfeoffed Prince of Dongyang. On jiaxu day Yang Chun, attendant-in-ordinary and grand guardian, resigned office. On yihai day an edict ordered Xi Yi, grand master of the right splendid carriages, to confer by plaque ranks on officers under Pillar of Heaven Grand General Erzhu Rong and Grand Preceptor Tianmu and on elders among fathers, uncles, and brothers, with differing governorships.
27
九月，大都督侯淵討韓樓於薊，破斬之。 幽州平。 万俟醜奴攻東秦城，陷之，殺刺史高子朗。
In the ninth month Grand Commander Hou Yuan attacked Han Lou at Ji, defeated and beheaded him. You was pacified. Moqi Chounu attacked the city of Eastern Qin, took it, and killed Gao Zilang, regional inspector.
28
冬十月丁丑，以前司空公、丹陽王蕭贊為司徒公。
On dingchou day in the tenth month of winter Xiao Zan, former minister of works and Prince of Danyang, was made minister over the masses.
29
十有一月己卯，就德興自營州遣使請降。 丁亥，詔羣官休停在外者皆令赴闕，程會有差。 丙午，以大司馬、太尉公、城陽王徽為太保，司徒公、丹陽王蕭贊為太尉公，開府儀同三司、雍州刺史長孫稚為司徒公。
On jimao day in the eleventh month Jiudexing of Ying sent envoys asking to surrender. On dinghai day an edict ordered all officials on leave or stationed outside to come to court, with differing deadlines. On bingwu day Hui, grand marshal, minister of works, and Prince of Chengyang, was made grand guardian; Xiao Zan, minister over the masses and Prince of Danyang, minister of works; Changsun Zhi, commissioner with credentials of the third rank and regional inspector of Yong, minister over the masses.
30
十有二月辛亥，蕭衍兗州刺史張景邕、荊州刺史李靈起、雄信將軍蕭進明來降。
On xinhai day in the twelfth month Zhang Jingyou, Xiao Yan's regional inspector of Yan; Li Lingqi of Jing; and Xiong Xin General Xiao Jinming came to surrender.
31
三年春正月己丑，益州刺史長孫壽、梁州刺史元儁等，遣將與征巴州都督元景夏討嚴始欣，斬之。 蕭衍都督蕭玩、何難尉、陳愁敗走，斬玩首，俘獲萬餘人。 辛丑，東徐州城民呂文欣、王赦等殺刺史元太賓，據城反。 以撫軍將軍、都官尚書樊子鵠兼右僕射，為行臺，督征南將軍、都督賈顯智，征東將軍、徐州刺史嚴思達以討之。 二月甲寅，克之。 東徐平。
On jichou day in the first month of spring of the third year Changshou Shou, regional inspector of Yi, and Yuan Jun, regional inspector of Liang, and others sent generals with Yuan Jingxia, commander who campaigns at Ba, to attack Yan Shixin and behead him. Xiao Yan's commanders Xiao Wan, He Nanwei, and Chen Chou were routed; Wan was beheaded and more than ten thousand taken. On xinchou day the people of Dongxu city, Lü Wenxin and Wang She and others, killed Yuan Taibin, regional inspector, and held the city in rebellion. Fan Zihu, general who guards the army and director of the ministry of punishments, was made concurrently right vice director and mobile-circuit attendant, supervising Jia Xianzhi, general who campaigns south and commander, and Yan Sida, general who campaigns east and regional inspector of Xu, to attack them. On jiayin day in the second month it was taken. Eastern Xu was pacified.
32
三月，醜奴大行臺尉遲菩薩寇岐州，大都督賀拔岳、可朱渾道元大破之。
In the third month Yuchi Pusa, Chounu's grand mobile-circuit attendant, raided Qi; Grand Commander Heba Yue and Kezhun Hun Daoyuan greatly defeated him.
33
夏四月丁巳，以侍中、太尉公、丹陽王蕭贊為使持節、都督齊濟兗三州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、齊州刺史。 丁卯，雍州刺史尒朱天光討醜奴、蕭寶夤於安定，破擒之，囚送京師。 甲戌，以關中平，大赦天下。 醜奴斬於都市，寶夤賜死於駝牛署。
On dingsi day in the fourth month of summer Xiao Zan, minister of works and Prince of Danyang, was made bearer of the staff, commander of the armies of Qi, Ji, and Yan, grand general of agile cavalry with credentials of the third rank, and regional inspector of Qi. On dingmao day Erzhu Tianguang, regional inspector of Yong, attacked Chounu and Xiao Baoyin at Anding, defeated and captured them, and sent them imprisoned to the capital. On jiaxu day, because Guanzhong was pacified, a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. Chounu was executed in the marketplace; Baoyin was granted death at the Camel-Ox Office.
34
六月戊午，詔胡氏親屬受爵於朝者黜附編民。 [9]嚈達國獻師子一。
On wuwu day in the sixth month an edict said that kin of the Hu clan who had received titles at court were demoted and attached to the registered populace. [9] The state of Yanda presented one lion.
35
是月，白馬龍涸胡王慶雲僭稱大位於水洛城，[10]署置百官。
That month Qingyun, king of the Hu at the dried-up White Horse Dragon Pool, usurped the great position at Shuiluo city, [10] and installed the hundred offices.
36
秋七月丙子，天光平水洛城，擒慶雲，坑其城民一萬七千。 癸巳，蕭衍民革虬、卜湯世率堡聚內附。 庚子，車騎大將軍、儀同三司李叔仁坐事除名為民。
On bingzi day in the seventh month of autumn Tianguang pacified Shuiluo city, captured Qingyun, and buried alive seventeen thousand of its people. On guisi day Ge Qiu and Bu Tangshi, people of Xiao Yan, led fortified hamlets in submission. On gengzi day Li Shuren, grand general of chariots and cavalry and palace attendant of the third rank, for an offense was stripped of name and made a commoner.
37
九月辛卯，天柱大將軍尒朱榮、上黨王天穆自晉陽來朝。 戊戌，帝殺榮、天穆於明光殿，及榮子儀同三司菩提。 乃昇閶闔門，詔曰：
On xinmao day in the ninth month Pillar of Heaven Grand General Erzhu Rong and Prince of Shangdang Tianmu came to court from Jinyang. On wuxu day the emperor killed Rong and Tianmu in the Mingguang Hall, and Rong's son Bodhi, palace attendant of the third rank. Then the Chongxu Gate was raised; an edict said:
38
蓋天道忌盈，人倫嫉惡，疏而不漏，刑之無捨。 是以呂霍之門，禍譴所伏； 梁董之家，咎徵斯在。 頃孝昌之末，天步孔艱，女主亂政，監國無主。 尒朱榮爰自晉陽，同憂王室，義旗之建，大會盟津，與世樂推，共成鴻業。 論其始圖，非無勞效。 但致遠恐泥，終之實難，曾未崇朝，豺聲已露。 河陰之役，安忍無親。 王公卿士，一朝塗地，宗戚靡遺，內外俱盡。 假弄天威，殆危神器。 時事倉卒，未遑問罪。 尋以葛賊橫行，馬首南向，捨過責成，用平醜虜。 及元顥問鼎，大駕北巡，復致勤王，展力行所。 以此論功，且可補過。
The Way of Heaven hates fullness; human custom hates wickedness—nothing loose escapes, and punishment does not spare. So at the gates of Lü and Huo retribution found its seat; in the houses of Liang and Dong the sign of guilt appeared. Recently, as Xiaochang closed, the throne's step was dire; the empress dowager threw government into chaos and the regency had no ruler. Erzhu Rong came from Jinyang with shared grief for the royal house; when the banner of righteousness rose, hosts gathered at Meng Ford; the age gladly pushed him on, and together they built the great work. In his first intent there was real toil and result. Yet to aim far is to fear sinking in the end—and finishing is hard indeed; before the court could honor him a full morning, his jackal voice was already plain. At Heyin he could slaughter kin without flinching. Kings, dukes, ministers, and officers died in a single morning; kin inside and outside the house were wiped out. Wielding borrowed heavenly mandate, he nearly overturned the sacred vessel. Events rushed on; there was no moment to call him to account. Soon Ge's rebels ran wild and armies turned south; faults were set aside and success demanded to crush the foul enemy. When Yuan Hao seized the tripod and the imperial carriage toured north, again he mustered loyal arms and pressed his strength where the need lay. Measured by that service alone, one might say his faults were partly redeemed.
39
既位極宰衡，地踰齊、魯，容養之至，豈復是過？ 但心如猛火，山林無以供其暴； 意等漏巵，江河無以充其溢。 既見金革稍寧，方隅漸泰，不推天功，專為己力，與奪任情，臧否肆意，無君之跡，日月以甚。 拔髮數罪，蓋不足稱； 斬竹書愆，豈云能盡。 方復託名朝宗，陰圖釁逆，睥睨天居，窺覦聖曆。 乃有裂冠毀冕之心，將為拔本塞源之事。 天既厭亂，人亦悔禍，同惡之臣，密來投告。 將而必誅，罪無容捨。
Once he stood at the summit of power, with domains exceeding those of Qi and Lu, how could further indulgence still be called going too far? Yet his heart blazed like wildfire, and no mountain forest could satisfy its fury; his ambition was like a cup that never holds still—no river could slake its excess. When war subsided and the realm grew calm again, he claimed heaven's merit as his own; rewards and punishments obeyed his whim, and his lordless conduct grew plainer by the day. To number his crimes hair by hair would still fall short; and to inscribe his guilt on bamboo slips could never exhaust the list. Again he cloaked himself in loyalty to the court while plotting treason in secret, eyeing the imperial palace and coveting the throne. He harbored the will to tear down the crown and regalia and to uproot the dynasty at its source. Heaven had grown weary of chaos and men repented the disaster; accomplices came forward in secret to denounce him. A rebel commander must die; his crimes allow no mercy.
40
又元天穆宗室末屬，名望素微，遭逢際會，頗參義舉。 不能竭其忠誠以奉家國，乃復棄本逐末，背同即異，為之謀主，成彼禍心。 是而可忍，孰不可恕！ 並以伏辜，自貽伊戚。 元惡既除，人神慶泰，便可大赦天下。
Yuan Tianmu too belonged to a junior line of the house, a man of little standing who had joined the loyal rising when fortune offered the chance. He failed to give his full loyalty to throne and clan, turned from the root to chase the branch, betrayed his allies for the enemy, became their strategist, and helped fulfill their treacherous design. If this could be tolerated, what crime could not? Both were put to death for their crimes and brought calamity on themselves. With the chief villain gone, men and spirits rejoiced; a general amnesty was proclaimed for all under heaven.
41
遣武衞將軍奚毅、前燕州刺史崔淵率兵鎮北中。 [11]
Xi Yi, guard-general of martial readiness, and Cui Yuan, former inspector of Former Yan province, were sent with troops to garrison North Zhong. The text is deficient.
42
是夜，僕射尒朱世隆、榮妻鄉郡長公主，率榮部曲焚西陽門，出屯河陰。 己亥，攻河橋，擒毅等於途，害之，據北中城，南逼京邑。 詔以驃騎大將軍、雍州刺史、廣宗郡開國公尒朱天光為侍中、儀同三司，以侍中、司空公楊津為使持節、督并肆燕恒雲朔顯汾蔚九州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、并州刺史、兼尚書令、北道大行臺，經略并肆。 庚子，詔諸舊代人赴華林園，帝將親簡叙。 以撫軍將軍、金紫光祿大夫高乾邕為侍中、河北大使，招集驍勇。
That night Vice Director Erzhu Shilong, Rong's wife the Princess of Xiang Commandery, and others led Rong's retainers to burn the Xiyang Gate, left the city, and encamped at Heyin. On jihai they attacked Hey Bridge, seized Yi and his party on the march and killed them, occupied North Zhong, and pressed the capital from the south. An edict appointed Erzhu Tianguang, general of agile cavalry, inspector of Yong province, and duke of Guangzong with an open state, as director of the Masters of Writing with ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies; and Yang Jin, director of the Masters of Writing and state grandee, bearer of the staff of office, as commissioner with full powers over Bing, Xi, Yan, Heng, Yun, Shuo, Xian, Fen, and Yu, general of agile cavalry, inspector of Bing province, concurrent director of the Masters of Writing, and northern-route grand mobile office, to manage Bing and Xi. On gengzi an edict summoned all men of the old Xianbei registration to Hualin Park for the emperor's personal review. Gao Qianyong, general who pacifies the army and grand master of splendid happiness, was made director of the Masters of Writing and grand envoy of Hebei to gather fierce warriors.
43
冬十月癸卯朔，封安南將軍、大鴻臚卿元寶炬為南陽王，大宗正卿、汝陽縣開國公元脩為平陽王，通直散騎常侍、龍驤將軍、新陽縣開國伯元誕為昌樂王。 復通直散騎常侍、琅邪縣開國公。 李叔仁官爵，[12]仍為使持節、大都督，以討世隆。 以魏郡王諶徙封趙郡王，諶弟子趙郡王寘改封平昌王。 儀同三司李虔薨。 丁未，班募攻河橋格，賞帛授官各有差。 戊申，皇子生，大赦天下，文武百僚汎二級。 以平南將軍、中書令魏蘭根兼尚書左僕射，為河北行臺，定相殷三州禀蘭根節度。
In the tenth month of winter, on the guimao new moon, Yuan Baoju, general who pacifies the south and grand master of splendid happiness, was enfeoffed as prince of Nanyang; Yuan Xiu, grand director of the imperial clan and duke of Ruyang with an open state, as prince of Pingyang; and Yuan Dan, regular attendant and general of the dragon cavalry, baron of Xinyang with an open state, as prince of Changle. Regular Attendant and Duke of Langye with an open state were also restored. Li Shuren's office and rank [12] were restored, and he remained commissioner with full powers and grand commander to attack Shilong. Prince of Wei Commandery Chen was re-enfeoffed as prince of Zhao Commandery; his nephew Zhi, prince of Zhao Commandery, was made prince of Pingchang instead. Li Qian, bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies, died. On dingwei recruitment placards for the assault on Hey Bridge were posted, with graded rewards in silk and offices. On wushen a prince was born; a general amnesty was proclaimed and every civil and military official received two grades of promotion. Wei Langen, pacification-general of the south and director of the Masters of Writing, was made concurrent left vice director and Hebei mobile office commander; Ding, Xiang, and Yin provinces were placed under his command.
44
乙卯，通直散騎常侍、假平西將軍、都督李苗以火船焚河橋，尒朱世隆退走。 丙辰，詔大都督、兼尚書僕射、行臺源子恭率步騎一萬出自西道，行臺楊昱領都督李侃希等部募勇士八千往從東路，防討之。 子恭仍鎮太行丹谷。 世隆至建州，刺史陸希質拒守，城陷，盡屠之，唯希質獲免。 以中軍將軍、前東荊州刺史元顯恭為使持節、都督晉建南汾三州諸軍事、鎮西將軍、晉州刺史、兼尚書左僕射，為征西道行臺，[13]節度都督薛善樂、薛修義、裴元儁、薛崇禮、薛憘族等。 丁卯，詔以世隆北叛，河內固守，其在城督將文武普加二級，兵士給復三年。
On yimao Li Miao, regular attendant, acting pacification-general of the west, and commander, burned Hey Bridge with fire-ships and Erzhu Shilong retreated. On bingchen an edict ordered Yuan Zigong, grand commander, concurrent vice director, and mobile office commander, to lead ten thousand foot and horse by the western route; Yang Yu of the mobile office to lead Li Kanxi and other commanders' levies of eight thousand brave men by the eastern route, to defend and attack them. Zigong continued to garrison Dangu on Mount Taihang. Shilong reached Jian province; Inspector Lu Xizhi defended the city; when it fell the population was slaughtered, Xizhi alone being spared. Yuan Xiangong, general of the center army and former inspector of East Jing province, was made commissioner with full powers over Jin, Jian, and South Fen, pacification-general of the west, inspector of Jin province, concurrent left vice director, and western-campaign-route grand mobile office, [13] with command over Xue Shanle, Xue Xiuyi, Pei Yuanjun, Xue Chongli, Xue Xizu, and the other supervisors. On dingmao an edict declared that because Shilong had rebelled in the north while Heyin held firm, every commander, general, and civil or military official in the city should receive two grades of promotion and soldiers three years' exemption from corvée.
45
壬申，尒朱世隆停建興之高都，尒朱兆自晉陽來會之，共推太原太守、行并州刺史長廣王曄為主，大赦所部，號年建明，普汎四級。
On renshen Erzhu Shilong halted at Gaodu in Jianxing; Erzhu Zhao came from Jinyang to join him; together they set Yuan Ye, prince of Changguang, who was Taiyuan administrator and acting inspector of Bing province, at their head, proclaimed a general amnesty in their territory, era name Jianming, and a universal promotion of four grades.
46
徐州刺史尒朱仲遠反，率眾向京師。 十有一月癸酉朔，詔車騎將軍、左衞將軍鄭先護為使持節、大將軍、大都督，與都督李侃希赴行臺楊昱以討之。 乙亥，以使持節、兼尚書令、西道大行臺、司徒公長孫稚為太尉公，侍中、尚書令、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、臨淮王彧為司徒公。 丙子，以驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、雍州刺史、廣宗郡開國公尒朱天光開府，進爵為王。 丁丑，尒朱仲遠陷西兗州，執刺史王衍。 癸未，以右衞將軍賀拔勝為東征都督。 壬辰，又以左衞將軍、大都督鄭先護兼尚書左僕射，為行臺，與勝並討仲遠。 戊戌，詔罷魏蘭根行臺，以後將軍、定州刺史薛曇尚為使持節、兼尚書，為北道行臺，隨機召發。 行豫州刺史元崇禮殺後行州事陰導和，擅攝豫州。 庚子，賀拔勝與仲遠戰於滑臺東，失利，仍奔之。
Erzhu Zhongyuan, inspector of Xu province, rebelled and marched his army toward the capital. In the eleventh month, on the guiyou new moon, an edict made Zheng Xianhu, general of chariots and cavalry and left guard-general, commissioner with full powers, grand general, and grand commander, to go with Li Kanxi to Yang Yu's mobile office to attack him. On yihai Changsun Zhi, bearer of the staff of office, concurrent director of the Masters of Writing, western-route grand mobile office, and state grandee, was made grand duke; and Yu, prince of Huaiyang, director of the Masters of Writing, general of agile cavalry, and opener of the office with ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies, was made state grandee. On bingzi Erzhu Tianguang, general of agile cavalry, bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies, inspector of Yong province, and duke of Guangzong with an open state, opened an office and was advanced to prince. On dingchou Erzhu Zhongyuan took West Yan province and seized Wang Yan, inspector. On guiwei Heluo Sheng, right guard-general, was made eastern-expedition commander. On renchen Zheng Xianhu, left guard-general and grand commander, was also made concurrent left vice director and mobile office commander to join Sheng in attacking Zhongyuan. On wuxu an edict abolished Wei Langen's mobile office; Xue Tanshang, rear-general and inspector of Ding province, was made commissioner with full powers, concurrent director of the Masters of Writing, and northern-route mobile office commander, to levy troops as needed. Yuan Chongli, acting inspector of Yu province, killed Yin Daohe, who had been acting in provincial affairs, and seized Yu province on his own authority. On gengzi Heluo Sheng fought Zhongyuan east of Huatai, was defeated, and then went over to his side.
47
十有二月壬寅朔，尒朱兆寇丹谷，都督崔伯鳳戰歿，都督羊文義、史五龍降兆，大都督源子恭奔退。 甲辰，尒朱兆、尒朱度律自富平津上，率騎涉渡，以襲京城。 事出倉卒，禁衞不守。 帝出雲龍門。 兆逼帝幸永寧佛寺，殺皇子，并殺司徒公、臨淮王彧，左僕射、范陽王誨。 戊申，元曄大赦天下。 尒朱度律自鎮京師。 甲寅，尒朱兆遷帝於晉陽； 甲子，崩於城內三級佛寺，時年二十四。 并害陳留王寬。
In the twelfth month, on the renyin new moon, Erzhu Zhao raided Dangu; Cui Bofeng, supervisor, was killed in battle; Yang Wenyi and Shi Wulong, supervisors, surrendered to Zhao; Yuan Zigong, grand commander, fled. On jiachen Erzhu Zhao and Erzhu Dulü crossed from Fuping Ford upstream with cavalry to strike the capital. Caught by sudden crisis, the palace guard could not hold. The emperor fled out through the Cloud Dragon Gate. Zhao forced the emperor to Yongning Buddhist Temple, killed the prince, and also killed Yu, state grandee and prince of Huaiyang, and Hui, left vice director and prince of Fanyang. On wushen Yuan Ye proclaimed a general amnesty throughout the realm. Erzhu Dulü took personal command of the capital garrison. On jiayin Erzhu Zhao moved the emperor to Jinyang; on jiazi he died in the Three-Tier Buddhist Temple within the city. He was twenty-four. Prince of Chenliu Kuan was killed as well.
48
是月，河西人紇豆陵步蕃、破落韓常大敗尒朱兆於秀容。 齊州城人趙洛周據西城反，應尒朱兆，刺史、丹陽王蕭贊棄城走。 南陽太守趙脩延執荊州刺史李琰之，自行州事。
That month Hedouling Bufan of Hexi and Poluo Hanchang routed Erzhu Zhao at Xiurong. Zhao Luozhou of Qi province seized the west city in rebellion in support of Erzhu Zhao; Xiao Zan, inspector and prince of Danyang, abandoned the city and fled. Zhao Xiuyan, administrator of Nanyang, seized Li Yanzhi, inspector of Jing province, and acted as provincial governor himself.
49
中興二年諡為武懷皇帝，太昌元年又諡孝莊皇帝，廟號敬宗。 十一月，葬於靜陵。
In Zhongxing year 2 he received the posthumous title Emperor Wu Huai; in Taichang year 1 he was again given Emperor Xiaozhuang, with temple name Jingzong. In the eleventh month he was interred at Jing Mausoleum.
50
史臣曰：魏自孝昌之末，天下淆然，外侮內亂，神器固將無主。 莊帝潛思變化，招納勤王，雖時事孔棘，而卒有四海。 猾逆既翦，權強擅命，抑是兆謀運智之秋，勞謙夕惕之日也。 未聞長轡之策，遽深負刺之恐，謀謨罕術，授任乖方，猜嫌行戮，禍不旋踵。 嗚呼！ 胡醜之為釁也，豈周衰晉末而已哉！ 至於高祖不祀，武宣享廟，三后降鑒，福祿固不永矣。
The historian writes: From the close of the Xiaochang era the Wei realm was in turmoil; foreign raids and civil war alike showed that the throne would soon stand empty. Emperor Zhuang secretly planned reform, rallied loyal armies, and though the times were desperate, in the end he held the realm. When the traitors were cut down, the mighty seized command—this should have been the hour for careful counsel and modest vigilance day and night. He heard no counsel for holding the reins long; suspicion and executions followed one another, appointments went awry, and disaster came without respite. Alas! That the Hu should become a scourge—was it only in Zhou's decline and Jin's end! When Gaozu went unsacrificed and Wuxuan received the temple, and the three empresses bore witness from on high, fortune could not long endure.
51
校勘記
Collation notes
52
趙郡王毓諸本「毓」作「敏」。 按卷二一趙郡王幹傳稱：「子毓，字子春，莊帝初，河陰遇害。」 漢魏南北朝墓誌集釋 〈下簡稱墓誌集釋〉 有元毓墓誌 〈圖版一七三之二〉 ，即此人。 「毓」和「春」名字相應，「敏」乃形近而訛，今改正。
Prince of Zhao Commandery Yu: every edition writes "Yu" as "Min." The Biography of Prince of Zhao Commandery Gan in juan 21, part 1, reads: "His son Yu, styled Zichun, at the beginning of Emperor Zhuang's reign met disaster at Heyin." Han-Wei-Northern Dynasties Tomb Epitaphs: Collected and Explained 〈abbreviated Tomb Epitaphs Collected〉 contains the epitaph of Yuan Yu 〈plate 173, no. 2〉 —this is the man in question. "Yu" pairs with "Chun" in the name; "Min" is a graphic corruption from similar forms—emended here.
53
襲爵泰臨縣開國伯百衲本和南、北、局本「泰」都作「秦」，汲本又訛作「奏」，殿本據卷一０一高昌傳 〈補〉 改「泰」。 按北史卷五元本 〈百衲本的底本〉 和南、北監本也作「秦」，百衲本依殿本改「泰」。 按本傳作「泰」，卷一一出帝紀永熙二年十月條也作「泰」，今從殿本。
Succeeded as baron of Tailin with an open state: in the Baina, Southern, Northern, and Bureau editions "Tai" is written "Qin" throughout; the Jibu edition corrupts it further to "Zou"; the Palace edition follows juan 101, Biography of Gaochang, 〈supplement〉 to emend "Tai." Beishi juan 5, Yuan version, 〈base text of the Baina edition〉 and the Southern and Northern Directorate editions also read "Qin"; the Baina edition follows the Palace edition in reading "Tai." This biography reads "Tai," and the Yongxi year 2, tenth-month entry in juan 11, Annals of the Deposed Emperor, also reads "Tai"—the Palace reading is followed here.
54
軍級從三品以上從征四品者優一大階冊府卷六二 〈七００頁〉 「從征」下無「四品」二字。 按有「四品」二字，文義晦澀，疑衍，或「從征」下有脫文。
Military grade from third rank and above and those on campaign from fourth rank receive one major grade of preferment: Cefu juan 62 〈p. 700〉 under "on campaign" the words "fourth rank" do not appear. With "fourth rank" present the sense is obscure—likely an interpolation, or text is missing after "on campaign."
55
是月按上已見「是月」，不應重出，疑衍。
"That month": "that month" already appears above and should not recur—likely an interpolation.
56
太山太守羊侃據郡引蕭衍將軍王辯攻兗州諸本「王辯」作「王僧辯」。 按卷五八楊昱傳敍此事作「王辯」，梁書卷三三羊侃傳稱侃降梁後，「遣羊鴉仁、王弁率軍迎接」。 顯然「王辯」或「王弁」即此紀的「王僧辯」。 王辯又屢見卷二一下彭城王勰附元劭傳、卷七九鹿悆傳等。 查梁書卷四五王僧辯傳不載此事。 本傳說湘東王繹為荊州刺史，他就在蕭繹手下做官。 據梁書卷五元帝紀，蕭繹第一次任荊州刺史是從普通七年 〈五二六〉 到大同五年 〈五三九〉 ，則本年大通二年 〈五二八〉 ，王僧辯正在荊州。 這裏本同楊昱傳作「王辯」，也即梁書的「王弁」，後人妄增「僧」字，今刪。
Yang Kan, administrator of Mount Tai, held the commandery and led Liang general Wang Bian against Yan province: all editions write "Wang Bian" as "Wang Sengbian." The Biography of Yang Yu in juan 58 gives "Wang Bian"; Liang shu juan 33, Biography of Yang Kan, says that after Kan surrendered to Liang he "sent Yang Yaren and Wang Ban to lead troops to meet him." Clearly "Wang Bian" or "Wang Ban" in those texts is this annal's "Wang Sengbian." "Wang Bian" also appears repeatedly in juan 21, part 2 (Biography of Prince of Pengcheng Xie, appended Biography of Yuan Shao), juan 79 (Biography of Lu Yue), and elsewhere. The Biography of Wang Sengbian in Liang shu juan 45 does not record this affair. That biography says that when Xiao Yi, prince of Xiangdong, was inspector of Jing province, Sengbian served under him. Liang shu juan 5, Annals of Emperor Yuan, records Xiao Yi's first appointment as inspector of Jing province from Putong year 7 〈526 CE〉 through Datong year 5 〈539 CE〉 , so in Datong year 2 〈528 CE〉 Wang Sengbian was in Jing province. The main text here agrees with Yang Yu's biography as "Wang Bian," i.e. Liang shu's "Wang Ban"; later copyists groundlessly added "Seng"—removed here.
57
柱國大將軍尒朱榮率騎七萬討葛榮於滏口南、北、殿三本「萬」作「千」，百衲本、汲本、局本和冊府卷一二一 〈一四五二頁〉 作「萬」。 按通鑑卷一五二 〈四七五一頁〉 作「千」，胡注：「魏收魏書云：『帥騎七萬』。」 則舊本此紀自作「萬」。 通鑑這條採自卷七四尒朱榮傳，故作「千」。 南本以下各本也都是據傳改。 這是紀、傳異文，未必傳必是，紀必非。 今從百衲本。
Grand commander Erzhu Rong led seventy thousand cavalry against Ge Rong at Fukou: the Southern, Northern, and Palace editions write "ten thousand" as "thousand"; the Baina, Jibu, Bureau editions and Cefu juan 121 〈p. 1452〉 read "ten thousand." Zizhi tongjian juan 152 〈p. 4751〉 has "thousand"; Hu Annotates: "Wei Shou's Wei shu says, 'led cavalry seventy thousand.'" Thus the old text of this annal read "ten thousand." This Tongjian entry comes from juan 74, Biography of Erzhu Rong, hence "thousand." Southern edition and later editions all followed the biography in emending. Annal and biography disagree here; the biography is not necessarily correct and the annal wrong. The Baina reading is followed here.
58
北來軍士及隨駕文武馬渚立義諸本「馬渚」二字作「諸」，冊府卷七九 〈九一九頁〉 作「馬渚」。 按尒朱兆等進攻元顥的軍隊在馬渚渡河，歷見卷七五尒朱兆傳、卷五八楊侃傳。 周書卷三四楊𢷋傳說元顥入洛，「詔𢷋率其宗人，收船馬渚」，以後尒朱兆率軍渡河，就用這批船。 「馬渚立義」即指楊𢷋這些幫助渡河的人。 這次賞格分別等級，「北來軍士」、「隨駕文武」和「馬渚立義」是第一等，下面「河北執事之官」、「河南立義」等等為第二等，都具體指出某地、某事。 中間忽然插入泛然的「諸立義」，很不相稱。 今據冊府改。
Northern soldiers and civil and military officials accompanying the imperial progress who raised the righteous cause at Mazhu: all editions write the two characters "Mazhu" as "various"; Cefu juan 79 〈p. 919〉 reads "Mazhu." Erzhu Zhao's army and others attacking Yuan Hao crossed at Mazhu—repeatedly attested in juan 75 (Biography of Erzhu Zhao) and juan 58 (Biography of Yang Kan). Zhou shu juan 34, Biography of Yang Kan, says that when Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, "an edict ordered Kan to lead his clansmen to gather boats at Mazhu"; when Erzhu Zhao later crossed the river, he used those boats. "Raised the righteous cause at Mazhu" refers to Kan and those who helped with the crossing. Rewards were graded: "northern soldiers," "officials accompanying the progress," and "raised the righteous cause at Mazhu" formed the first grade; below came "officials holding office in Hebei," "raised the righteous cause in Henan," and the like as second grade—each naming a place and deed. In the middle a vague "various who raised the righteous cause" was inserted—ill-suited to the context. Emended here from Cefu.
59
獲元顥弟頊百衲本「頊」字空格，南本以下諸本都作「瑱」。 按卷二一上北海王詳傳稱「顥弟瑱」，諸本都是據傳補。 今檢冊府卷二八一 〈三三一二頁〉 作「顥弟頊」。 墓誌集釋有元頊墓誌 〈圖版一八四〉 ，與冊府合。 知今本傳作「瑱」，乃「頊」的形訛，這裏諸本補字又承傳之誤，今改正。 上建義元年四月「中軍將軍、給事黃門侍郎元瑱為東海王」條同改。
Captured Yuan Hao's younger brother Xu: the Baina edition leaves "Xu" blank; Southern edition and later ones read "Zhen." Juan 21, part 1, Biography of Prince of Beihai Xiang, calls him "Hao's younger brother Zhen"; later editions supplemented from the biography. Cefu juan 281 〈p. 3312〉 reads "Hao's younger brother Xu." Tomb Epitaphs Collected publishes the epitaph of Yuan Xu 〈plate 184〉 , agreeing with Cefu. The biography's "Zhen" is a graphic corruption of "Xu"; the supplements in all editions repeat that error—emended here. The first year of Jianyi, fourth-month entry above—"General of the center army and cadet of the yellow gate Yuan Zhen made prince of Donghai"—is emended likewise.
60
詔胡氏親屬受爵於朝者黜附編民諸本「氏」都作「民」。 通鑑卷一五四 〈四七七四頁〉 作「氏」。 胡注：「謂靈后親屬也。」 按當時尒朱氏專權，即是胡人，哪有專抑胡民親屬的事。 今從通鑑改。
Edict that kinsmen of the Hu clan enfeoffed at court be demoted to the registered populace: all editions write "clan" as "people." Zizhi tongjian juan 154 〈p. 4774〉 reads "clan." Hu Annotates: "This refers to kinsmen of Empress Ling." At the time the Erzhu clan held power—the Hu faction—so there could hardly have been a decree aimed only at common Hu families. The Tongjian reading is followed here.
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白馬龍涸胡王慶雲僭稱大位於水洛城諸本「水」作「永」。 據張元濟校勘記，百衲本的底本原作「水」，張從諸本改作「永」。 按通鑑卷一五四 〈四七七五頁〉 作「水」。 胡注：「水經注： 〈卷一七渭水篇〉 水洛水導源隴山，西逕水洛亭西，南注略陽川。 九域志：水洛城在德順軍西南一百里。 范仲淹曰：朝那之西，秦亭之東，有水洛城。」 引據甚明。 這條水在今甘肅平涼，流入秦安。 魏書和其他史籍「水洛」多數訛作「永洛」。 這一條舊本不誤，却也給百衲本誤改。 今改正。 以後逕改，不再出校記。
Hu chieftain Wang Qingyun of White Horse and Dragon Marsh usurped the throne at Shuiluo city: all editions write "water" as "everlasting." Zhang Yuanji's collation notes state that the Baina base text originally read "water"; Zhang followed other editions in emending to "everlasting." Zizhi tongjian juan 154 〈p. 4775〉 reads "water." Hu's note cites Shui jing zhu: 〈juan 17, Wei River section〉 The Shuiluo River rises in Long Mountains, flows west past Shuiluo Post, and south into the Lueyang River. Jiuyu zhi places Shuiluo city one hundred li southwest of Deshun Army. Fan Zhongyan says: west of Zhaona and east of Qin Post lies Shuiluo city. The citations leave little doubt. That river is in present-day Pingliang, Gansu, and flows into Qin'an. Wei shu and other histories mostly corrupt "Shuiluo" to "Yongluo." The old text was correct here, yet the Baina edition wrongly emended it. Emended here. Hereafter such cases are emended in the text without separate notes.
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前燕州刺史崔淵率兵鎮北中御覽卷一０四 〈四九九頁〉 「崔淵」作「侯淵」，北史卷五避唐諱作「侯深」。 按當時有兩侯淵，其一，本書卷八０有傳，其人此時在中山，且是尒朱榮黨羽，元子攸不會委任他守北中。 又一是侯剛子，卷九三侯剛傳不載，但見於卷二五長孫稚傳補，說是稚之壻。 侯剛自稱上谷侯氏，上谷屬燕州，本傳說他請以長子詳為燕州刺史。 按照當時以充當本州刺史為榮的習慣，詳升官後，其弟淵曾繼為此官是可能的。 御覽所記出於魏書，却與北史合，疑作「侯淵」是。 通鑑卷一五四 〈四七八三頁〉 作「崔淵」，知沿誤已久。 司馬光不從北史，當亦因不知同時有兩侯淵之故。
Former inspector of Former Yan province Cui Yuan led troops to garrison North Zhong: Imperial Readings juan 104 〈p. 499〉 "Cui Yuan" appears as "Hou Yuan"; Beishi juan 5 avoids Tang taboo with "Hou Shen." Two men named Hou Yuan existed then; one has a biography in juan 80—he was at Zhongshan then and was Erzhu Rong's partisan, so Yuan Ziyou would not have entrusted North Zhong to him. The other was Hou Gang's son, unrecorded in juan 93 (Biography of Hou Gang) but mentioned in the supplement to juan 25 (Biography of Changsun Zhi) as Zhi's son-in-law. Hou Gang claimed the Hou clan of Shanggu; Shanggu lay in Yan province, and his biography says he asked that his eldest son Xiang be made inspector of Yan. By the custom that made one's native province an honor to command, after Xiang was promoted his younger brother Yuan may once have held that post. Imperial Readings drew on Wei shu yet agrees with Beishi—"Hou Yuan" is probably correct. Zizhi tongjian juan 154 〈p. 4783〉 reads "Cui Yuan," showing the error is long-standing. Sima Guang did not follow Beishi, likely because he did not know two Hou Yuan existed at once.
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復通直散騎常侍琅邪縣開國公李叔仁官爵北史卷五作「琅邪公昶為太原王」，不載復李叔仁官爵事。 按李叔仁附見卷七三崔延伯傳後，寥寥數語，北史卷三七李叔仁傳較詳，都沒有說他曾封「琅邪郡公」。 本書卷二一上咸陽王禧傳附子昶，說他「起家散騎常侍、琅邪縣開國公，邑五百戶。 莊帝初，特封太原王」，與北史此紀合。 這裏原文當作：「通直散騎常侍、琅邪縣開國公昶為太原王。 復李叔仁官爵，仍為使持節、大都督以討世隆。」 後來脫「昶為太原王」五字，讀不可通，後人又把「復」字移在上面，遂如今狀。 今於「開國公」下句斷。
Again restored regular attendant and duke of Langye with an open state Li Shuren's office and rank: Beishi juan 5 reads "Duke of Langye Chang made prince of Taiyuan" and omits restoring Li Shuren. Li Shuren appears briefly after juan 73 (Biography of Cui Yanbo); Beishi juan 37 is fuller, yet neither says he was enfeoffed as duke of Langye commandery. Juan 21, part 1, Biography of Prince of Xianyang Xi with son Chang, says he "entered office as regular attendant and duke of Langye with an open state, fief five hundred households. At the beginning of Emperor Zhuang's reign he was specially enfeoffed as prince of Taiyuan"—matching Beishi's annal here. The original text should read: "Regular attendant and duke of Langye with an open state Chang made prince of Taiyuan. Restore Li Shuren's office and rank, and let him remain commissioner with full powers and grand commander to attack Shilong." Later the five characters "Chang made prince of Taiyuan" dropped out; the passage became unreadable and copyists moved "again" upward, producing the present text. A sentence break is placed after "with an open state."
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為征西道行臺通鑑卷一五四 〈四七八七頁〉 無「征」字。 張森楷云：「元顯恭本傳 〈卷十九下附城陽王長壽傳〉 作『西北道』，征西不當稱道，傳文是，此誤。」
Western-campaign-route grand mobile office: Zizhi tongjian juan 154 〈p. 4787〉 lacks the character "campaign." Zhang Senkai notes: "Yuan Xiangong's main biography 〈juan 19, part 2, appended biography of Prince of Chengyang Chanshou〉 reads 'Northwest Route'; 'western campaign' should not be styled a route—the biography is right and this line is wrong."