1
前廢帝廣陵王後廢帝安定王出帝平陽王
Deposed Emperor Qianfei, Prince of Guangling; Deposed Emperor Houfei, Prince of Anding; Emperor Chu, Prince of Pingyang.
2
前廢帝，諱恭，字脩業，廣陵惠王羽之子也，母曰王氏。 少端謹，有志度。 長而好學，事祖母、嫡母以孝聞。 正始中，襲爵。 延昌中，拜通直散騎常侍。 神龜中，進兼散騎常侍。 正光二年，正常侍，領給事黃門侍郎。 帝以元叉擅權，遂稱疾不起。 久之，因託瘖病。 五年，就除金紫光祿大夫，[1]加散騎常侍。 建義元年，除儀同三司。
The Deposed Emperor Qianfei bore the taboo name Gong, styled Xiuye. He was the son of Prince of Guangling Hui, Yu; his mother was Lady Wang. As a boy he was upright and careful, with steadiness of purpose. When he came of age he loved learning and was famed for filial devotion to his grandmother and principal mother. In the Zhengshi era he inherited the princely title. In the Yanchang era he was made direct-palace scattered cavalier attendant. In the Shengui era he was advanced to concurrent scattered cavalier attendant. In the second year of Zhengguang he became regular attendant and concurrently chief of the yellow-gate secretariat. Seeing Yuan Cha monopolize power, the prince pleaded illness and stopped attending court. After a long while he feigned muteness. In the fifth year he was given the post of grand master of splendid carriages with golden seal and purple cord, [1] and the additional title of scattered cavalier attendant. In the first year of Jianyi he was made equal in honor to the Three Excellencies.
3
王既絕言，垂將一紀，居於龍花寺，無所交通。 永安末，有白莊帝者，言王不語將有異圖； 民間遊聲，又云有天子之氣。 王懼禍，逃匿上洛，尋見追躡，執送京師，拘禁多日，以無狀獲免。 及莊帝崩，尒朱世隆等以元曄疏遠，又非人望所推，以王潛默晦身，有過人之量，將謀廢立，恐實不語，乃令王所親申其意，且兼迫脅。 王遂答曰：「天何言哉！」 世隆等大悅。
The prince had not spoken for nearly twelve years. He lived at Longhua Temple and kept no company outside it. Late in Yongan someone told Emperor Xiaozhuang that the prince’s silence hid treasonous intent; and street rumor claimed the aura of a true emperor clung to him. Fearing ruin, the prince fled to Shangluo; pursuers soon caught him and brought him to the capital. After many days in custody he was released—for nothing could be proved. When Emperor Xiaozhuang died, Erzhu Shilong and his faction found Yuan Ye too remote in blood and too little esteemed to hold the throne. The prince’s long silence and retiring life seemed to hide uncommon depth; they resolved on a change of ruler. Fearing he would never break silence, they sent intimates to explain their wish—and backed the message with threats. The prince answered at last: "Does Heaven speak?" Shilong and the others were overjoyed.
4
春二月己巳，曄進至邙南，世隆等奉王東郭之外，行禪讓之禮，羣臣上表曰：「否泰沿時，殷憂啟聖，故六飛在御，三石興符。 伏惟陛下運屬千齡，智周萬物，獨昭繫象，妙極天人，寶曆有歸，光宅攸屬，而將安獨善，不務兼濟，靈命徘徊，幽明載佇。 伏願時順謳謠，念茲宗祏，用捨勞疾，允答人神。」 王答曰：「自量眇身，是以讓執。 然王公勤至，不可拒違。 今敬承所陳，惟愧弗堪負荷耳。」 太尉公尒朱度律奉進璽綬袞冕之服，乃就輅車，百官侍衞，入自建春、雲龍門，昇太極前殿，羣臣拜賀。
In spring of the second month, on jisi day, Yuan Ye advanced to the south of Mang. Shilong and his party received the prince outside the eastern suburb and performed the abdication rite. The hundred officials memorialized: "Fortune and misfortune turn with the age; grave peril summons the sage—thus the six dragons take the reins and the three stones bear heaven’s mandate. We humbly consider that Your Majesty’s fate spans a thousand ages and your wisdom embraces all things beneath heaven; you alone illumine the patterns of the Changes and penetrate the border of heaven and humanity. The sacred succession is yours, the bright dwelling rightly yours—yet you would keep to private good and refuse the common weal; the numinous charge still hesitates, and both realms of the living and the dead stand waiting. We beg you to heed the people’s song, remember the ancestral shrine, put aside fatigue and sickness, and answer both men and spirits as heaven demands." The prince replied: "Knowing how slight I am, I yielded the throne. But the princes and ministers pressed with such zeal that refusal was impossible. I accept in reverence what you urge—ashamed only that I am unfit to bear so great a weight." Grand Preceptor Erzhu Dulu presented seal, cord, and robes of state. The prince mounted the imperial carriage; officials formed his escort. He entered through the Jianchun and Yunlong gates, ascended the front hall of the Hall of Supreme Ultimate, and the court bowed in congratulation.
5
禮畢，登閶闔門，詔曰：「朕以寡薄，撫臨萬邦，思與億兆同茲慶泰。 可大赦天下，以魏為大魏，改建明二年為普泰元年。 其稅市及稅鹽之官，可悉廢之。 百雜之戶，貸賜民名，官任仍舊。 天下調絹，四百一匹。 內外文武，普汎四階； 合敍未定第者，亦沾級。 除名免官者，特復本資，品封依舊。 潁川王尒朱兆，彭城王尒朱仲遠，隴西王尒朱天光，樂平王尒朱世隆，常山王尒朱度律，車騎大將軍、儀同三司齊獻武王，都督斛斯椿下軍士，普汎六級。」 庚午，詔曰：「朕以眇身，臨王公之上，夕惕祇懷，若履冰谷。 賴七廟之靈，百辟忠誠之舉，庶免墜歿。 夫三皇稱皇，五帝云帝，三代稱王，迭沖挹也。 自秦之末，競為皇帝。 忘負乘之深殃，垂貪鄙於萬葉。 予今稱帝，已為褒矣！ 可普告令知。」
The rites finished, he mounted the Changhe Gate and proclaimed: "We, of little merit, now rule the myriad lands; we mean to share this blessed peace with all the people. Let there be a general amnesty; Wei shall be Great Wei; the second year of Jianming becomes the first year of Putai. All offices that taxed markets and salt are abolished. Miscellaneous-trade households were granted commoner standing in name; their official assignments stayed unchanged. The empire’s silk levy was set at four hundred bolts per household. Civil and military officers at court and in the provinces alike received a universal promotion of four ranks; and those awaiting formal rank in combined seniority were also given a step. Men struck from the rolls or dismissed from office were restored to their former salaries; titles and fiefs stood unchanged. Prince of Yingchuan Erzhu Zhao, Prince of Pengcheng Erzhu Zhongyuan, Prince of Longxi Erzhu Tianguang, Prince of Leping Erzhu Shilong, Prince of Changshan Erzhu Dulu, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan, and the troops under Commander Husi Chun were all raised six ranks." On gengwu day an edict said: "We, a slight man, sit above kings and dukes; from dusk to dawn we live in reverent fear, as though walking a gorge of ice. By the seven temples’ spirits and the hundred ministers’ loyalty we may yet escape ruin. The Three Sovereigns were called huang, the Five Thearchs di, the Three Dynasties wang—each age modestly held back the grander title. From Qin’s fall onward all contended for the title of emperor. They forgot the catastrophe of a burden their virtue could not bear and passed greedy folly down through ten thousand generations. That we even call ourselves emperor is already more honor than we deserve! Let this be proclaimed throughout the realm."
6
是月，鎮遠將軍清河崔祖螭聚青州七郡之眾十餘萬人圍東陽。 幽州刺史劉靈助起兵於薊。 撫軍將軍、金紫光祿大夫、兼侍中、河北大使高乾邕及弟平北將軍、通直散騎常侍敖曹，率眾夜襲冀州，執刺史元嶷，殺監軍孫白鷂，共推前河內太守封隆之行州事。
That month Cui Zuchi of Qinghe, pacifying-the-distance general, raised more than a hundred thousand men from seven Qing commanderies and besieged Dongyang. Liu Lingzhu, regional inspector of You, raised troops at Ji. Gao Gan’ou, pacification-general, grand master of splendid carriages with golden seal and purple cord, concurrent attendant, and Hebei grand envoy, with his younger brother Aocao, pacifier of the north and direct-palace scattered cavalier attendant, led a night raid on Ji Province, seized Yuan Yi the inspector, killed supervising general Sun Baiyao, and installed former Henei administrator Feng Longzhi to govern the province.
7
三月癸酉，封長廣王曄為東海王。 詔太師、驃騎大將軍、青州刺史、魯郡王肅還為太師； 特進、車騎大將軍、沛郡王欣為太傅、司州牧，改封淮陽王； 驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、徐州刺史、彭城王尒朱仲遠，驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、雍州刺史、隴西王尒朱天光，並為大將軍； 柱國大將軍、并州刺史、潁川王尒朱兆為天柱大將軍； 驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、左衞將軍、大都督、晉州刺史、平陽郡開國公齊獻武王封勃海王，增邑五百戶； 特進、車騎大將軍、清河王亶為儀同三司； 侍中、太傅、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、尚書令、樂平王尒朱世隆為太保； 開府、前司徒公長孫稚為太尉公、錄尚書事； 侍中、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、趙郡王諶為司空公。 稚固辭，尋除驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 丙子，帝引見尚書右僕射元羅及皇宗於顯陽殿，勞勉之。 丁丑，加驃騎大將軍、北華州刺史公孫略儀同三司。 己卯，詔右衞將軍賀拔勝并尚書一人募伎作及雜戶從征者，正入出身，皆授實官，私馬者優一大階。 庚辰，以侍中、衞將軍、咸陽王坦，衞將軍、尚書左僕射、南陽王寶炬，侍中、征東將軍、平陽王脩，並儀同三司。 乙酉，詔簡北來及在京二官員外剩置者。 己丑，以持節、驃騎將軍、涇州刺史賀拔岳為儀同三司、岐州刺史，使持節、車騎大將軍、渭州刺史侯莫陳悅為儀同三司、秦州刺史。 庚寅，詔天下有德孝仁賢忠義志信者，可以禮召赴闕，不應召者以不敬論。 丙申，劉靈助率眾次於安國城，定州刺史侯淵破斬之，傳首京師。 戊戌，以使持節、侍中、車騎大將軍斛斯椿，侍中、衞將軍元受，並特進、儀同三司。 詔曰：「頃官方失序，仍令沙汰，定員簡剩，已有判決。 退下之徒，微亦可愍。 諸在簡下，可特優一級，皆授將軍，預參選限，隨能補用。」
On guiyou day in the third month Prince of Changgung Ye was made prince of Donghai. An edict restored Grand Preceptor Su, grand general of agile cavalry, regional inspector of Qing, and prince of Lu commandery, to grand preceptor; Xin, special advance, grand general of chariots and cavalry, and prince of Pei, was made grand tutor and governor of Si, with his fief changed to Huaiyang; Erzhu Zhongyuan, prince of Pengcheng, grand general of agile cavalry, commissioner with full powers equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, and inspector of Xu, and Erzhu Tianguang, prince of Longxi, grand general of agile cavalry, equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, and inspector of Yong, were both made grand generals; Erzhu Zhao, pillar grand general, regional inspector of Bing, and prince of Yingchuan, was made pillar of heaven grand general; Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan, grand general of agile cavalry, equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, general of the left guard, grand commander, regional inspector of Jin, and state-founding duke of Pingyang commandery, was enfeoffed prince of Bohai with five hundred added households; Dan, prince of Qinghe, special advance and grand general of chariots and cavalry, was made equal in honor to the Three Excellencies; Erzhu Shilong, prince of Leping, attendant, grand tutor, grand general of agile cavalry, commissioner with full powers equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, and director of the Masters of Writing, was made grand guardian; Changsun Zhi, commissioner with full powers and former minister over the masses, was made grand preceptor and recorder of secretariat affairs; Chen, prince of Zhao commandery, attendant, grand general of agile cavalry, and commissioner with full powers equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, was made minister of works. Zhi declined firmly; soon he was made grand general of agile cavalry and commissioner with full powers equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. On bingzi day the emperor received Yuan Luo, right vice director of the Masters of Writing, and the imperial clan at Xianyang Hall and exhorted them with words of comfort. On dingchou day Gongsun Lue, grand general of agile cavalry and regional inspector of North Hua, was given the additional title equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. On jimao day an edict ordered Heba Sheng, general of the right guard, with one Master of Writing to recruit performers and miscellaneous households for the campaign; on entering service all received substantive posts; men who brought private horses gained one major preferential step. On gengchen day Tan, prince of Xianyang, attendant and general of the guard; Baoju, prince of Nanyang, general of the guard and left vice director of the Masters of Writing; and Xiu, prince of Pingyang, attendant and pacification-general of the east, were all made equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. On yiyou day an edict ordered a purge of supernumerary officials among recent arrivals from the north and surplus staff in the two capital ministries. On jichou day Heba Yue, bearer of the staff, grand general of agile cavalry, and inspector of Jing, was made equal in honor to the Three Excellencies and inspector of Qi; Houmochen Yue, bearer of the staff, grand general of chariots and cavalry, and inspector of Wei, was made equal in honor to the Three Excellencies and inspector of Qin. On gengyin day an edict invited men of virtue, filial piety, benevolence, worth, loyalty, righteousness, resolve, and trust throughout the realm to court by ceremonial summons; refusal was to be punished as disrespect. On bingshen day Liu Lingzhu encamped at Anguo; Hou Yuan, regional inspector of Ding, routed and killed him and sent his head to the capital. On wuxu day Husi Chun, bearer of the staff, attendant, and grand general of chariots and cavalry, and Yuan Shou, attendant and general of the guard, were both made special advance and equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. An edict said: "Official posts have lately fallen into disorder and we ordered a purge; quotas were fixed and surplus cut—judgments are already rendered. Those who fell in the purge deserve some pity as well. All on the purge list shall receive one preferential rank, be made generals, enter the selection rolls, and be placed as their talents allow."
8
是春，冠軍將軍、南青州刺史茹懷朗使其部將何寶率步騎三千擊蕭衍守將於琅邪，擒其尚書左僕射、儀同三司、雲麾將軍、徐兗二州刺史劉相如。 [2]
That spring Ru Huailang, champion general and regional inspector of South Qing, sent his commander He Bao with three thousand foot and horse against Xiao Yan’s garrison at Langye and took Liu Xiangru—left vice director of the Masters of Writing, equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, cloud-banner general, and joint inspector of Xu and Yan. The text is deficient.
9
夏四月癸卯，幸華林都亭燕射，班錫有差。 太樂奏伎有倡優為愚癡者，帝以非雅戲，詔罷之。 壬子，有事於太廟。 癸丑，詔以齊獻武王為使持節、侍中、都督冀州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、大都督、東道大行臺、冀州刺史，驃騎大將軍、安定王尒朱智虎為開府儀同三司、肆州刺史。 乙卯，以右衞將軍賀拔勝、武衞將軍大野拔並為儀同三司。 己未，帝於顯陽殿簡試通直散騎常侍、散騎侍郎、通直郎，剩員非才他轉之。 癸亥，隴西王尒朱天光大破宿勤明達，擒送京師，斬之。 丙寅，以侍中、驃騎大將軍尒朱彥伯為司徒公。 詔有司不得復稱偽梁，罷細作之條，無禁鄰國往還。 詔員外諫議大夫、步兵校尉、奉車都尉、羽林監、給事中、積射將軍、奉朝請、殿中將軍、宮門僕射、殿中司馬督、治禮郎十一官，得俸而不給力，老合外選者，依常格，其未老欲外選者，聽解。 其七品以上，朔望入朝，若正員有闕，隨才進補。 前員外簡退優階者追之，稱事簡下者，仍優一級。
On guimao day in the fourth month of summer the emperor feasted with archery at the Capital Pavilion in Hualin Park; gifts were graded by rank. The Grand Music Office performed; some buffoons played the fool. The emperor, finding the show unworthy of court, ordered it stopped. On renzi day the court sacrificed at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On guichou day an edict made Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan bearer of the staff, attendant, commander of Ji military affairs, grand general of agile cavalry, commissioner with full powers equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, grand commander, eastern-route grand mobile office, and inspector of Ji; Erzhu Zhihu, prince of Anding, grand general of agile cavalry, was made commissioner with full powers equal in honor to the Three Excellencies and inspector of Si. On yimao day Heba Sheng, general of the right guard, and Daye Ba, general of the martial guard, were both made equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. On jiwei day at Xianyang Hall the emperor tested direct-palace scattered cavalier attendants, scattered cavalier attendants, and direct-palace gentlemen; surplus posts held by unfit men were reassigned. On guihai day Erzhu Tianguang, prince of Longxi, routed Suqin Mingda, sent him captive to the capital, and had him beheaded. On bingyin day Erzhu Yanbo, attendant and grand general of agile cavalry, was made minister of works. An edict forbade officials to call the Liang "false" any longer, abolished the fine-manufacture statute, and lifted bans on trade with neighboring states. An edict named eleven posts—from supplementary adviser through master of rites—that drew salary without labor duty: men old enough for outside appointment kept the usual rule; younger men who wished to leave for outside posts might resign. From the seventh rank up, officers attended court on the first and fifteenth; when a regular post fell vacant, talent filled it. Former supernumeraries who had gained preferential rank in the purge had it taken back; men still listed as surplus received one preferential step.
10
先是，南陽太守趙脩延執刺史李琰之； 五月丙子，荊州城民斬脩延，送首，還推琰之為刺史。 尒朱仲遠使其都督魏僧勗等討崔祖螭於東陽，擒斬之。
Earlier Zhao Xiuyan, administrator of Nanyang, had seized Li Yanzhi the regional inspector; on bingzi day in the fifth month the people of Jing provincial city killed Xiuyan, sent his head, and restored Yanzhi as inspector. Erzhu Zhongyuan sent Wei Sengqin and other commanders against Cui Zuchi at Dongyang and killed him.
11
六月庚申，齊獻武王以尒朱逆亂，始興義兵於信都。 西定殷州，斬其刺史尒朱羽生，命南趙郡太守李元忠為刺史，鎮廣阿。 癸亥，帝臨顯陽殿，親理冤訟。 戊辰，以使持節、驃騎大將軍、開府尒朱弼為儀同三司。
On gengshen day in the sixth month Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan, judging the Erzhu clan rebels, first raised righteous troops at Xindu. He secured Yin in the west, beheaded Erzhu Yusheng the inspector, made Li Yuanzhong, administrator of South Zhao, inspector, and garrisoned Guang’a. On guihai day the emperor sat at Xianyang Hall and heard wrongful suits in person. On wuchen day Erzhu Bi, bearer of the staff, grand general of agile cavalry, and commissioner with full powers, was made equal in honor to the Three Excellencies.
12
秋七月壬申，尒朱世隆等害前太保楊椿、前司空公楊津及其家。 丙戌，司徒公尒朱彥伯以旱遜位。 戊子，除彥伯侍中、開府儀同三司。 庚寅，以侍中、太保、開府、尚書令、樂平王尒朱世隆為儀同三師，[3]位次上公。
On renshen day in the seventh month of autumn Erzhu Shilong and his party murdered former grand guardian Yang Chun, former minister of works Yang Jin, and their kin. On bingxu day Erzhu Yanbo, minister of works, resigned citing drought. On wuzi day Yanbo was made attendant and commissioner with full powers equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. On gengyin day Erzhu Shilong, prince of Leping, attendant, grand guardian, commissioner with full powers, and director of the Masters of Writing, was made equal in honor to the three preceptors, [3] ranking just below the supreme dukes.
13
八月庚子，詔隴西王尒朱天光下文武討宿勤明達者，汎三級。 潁川王尒朱兆率步騎二萬出井陘，趨殷州，李元忠棄城還信都。 丙午，常山王尒朱度律、彭城王尒朱仲遠等率眾出抗義旗。
On gengzi day in the eighth month an edict raised three ranks for all civil and military who had followed Erzhu Tianguang, prince of Longxi, against Suqin Mingda. Erzhu Zhao, prince of Yingchuan, marched twenty thousand foot and horse through Jingxing toward Yin; Li Yuanzhong abandoned the city and fled back to Xindu. On bingwu day Erzhu Dulu, prince of Changshan, Erzhu Zhongyuan, prince of Pengcheng, and others marched out to crush the righteous army.
14
九月丁丑，以侍中驃騎將軍盧同、驃騎大將軍杜德、車騎大將軍橋寧並為儀同三司。 己卯，以使持節、都督東道諸軍事、兼尚書令、東道大行臺、彭城王尒朱仲遠為太宰。 庚辰，加使持節、大將軍、都督關中諸軍事、兼尚書令、西道大行臺、隴西王尒朱天光為大司馬。 驃騎大將軍、青州刺史、開府儀同三司穆紹薨。 癸巳，追尊皇考為先帝，皇妣王氏為先太妃； 封皇弟永業為高密王，皇子子恕為勃海王。
On dingchou day in the ninth month Lu Tong, attendant and grand general of agile cavalry; Du De, grand general of agile cavalry; and Qiao Ning, grand general of chariots and cavalry, were all made equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. On jimao day Erzhu Zhongyuan, prince of Pengcheng, bearer of the staff, commander of eastern-route armies, concurrent director of the Masters of Writing, and eastern-route grand mobile office, was made grand mentor. On gengchen day Erzhu Tianguang, prince of Longxi, bearer of the staff, grand general, commander of Guanzhong armies, concurrent director of the Masters of Writing, and western-route grand mobile office, was advanced to grand marshal. Mu Shao, grand general of agile cavalry, regional inspector of Qing, and commissioner with full powers equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, died. On guisi day the late emperor, his father, was posthumously honored Former Emperor; Lady Wang, his mother, Former Grand Consort; the emperor’s brother Yongye was made prince of Gaomi; the prince’s son Zishu, prince of Bohai.
15
冬十月壬寅，齊獻武王推勃海太守元朗即皇帝位於信都。
On renyin day in the tenth month of winter Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan enthroned Yuan Lang, administrator of Bohai, at Xindu.
16
二年春三月，齊獻武王敗尒朱天光等於韓陵。 [4]
In the third month of spring in the second year Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan routed Erzhu Tianguang and his allies at Hanling. The text is deficient.
17
夏四月辛巳，齊獻武王與廢帝至邙山，使魏蘭根慰諭洛邑，且觀帝之為人。 蘭根忌帝雅德，還致毀謗，竟從崔㥄議，廢帝於崇訓佛寺，而立平陽王脩為帝。 帝既失位，乃賦詩曰：「朱門久可患，紫極非情玩。 顛覆立可待，一年三易換。 時運正如此，唯有修真觀。」
On xinsi day in the fourth month of summer Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan brought the Deposed Emperor to Mount Mang and sent Wei Langen to reassure Luoyang—and to take the measure of the man on the throne. Langen envied the emperor’s quiet dignity; back at camp he poisoned Huan’s ear against him. They took Cui Ling’s advice, deposed the ruler at Chongxun Temple, and enthroned Xiu, prince of Pingyang. Stripped of the throne, he wrote a poem: "Crimson gates have long been worth dread; the purple summit is no toy for the heart. Ruin and renewal stand ready; three times in a single year the throne has changed hands. Fortune runs exactly so—only to cultivate truth in stillness is left."
18
太昌初，帝殂於門下外省，時年三十五。 出帝詔百司赴會，大鴻臚監護喪事，葬用王禮，加以九旒、鑾輅、黃屋、左纛，班劍百二十人，二衞、羽林備儀衞。
Early in Taichang the Deposed Emperor died in the outer quarters of the Gate Department, aged thirty-five. Emperor Chu ordered the ministries to the funeral; the grand herald oversaw the rites. He was buried with princely honors plus nine tassels, imperial bells, yellow canopy, left great-banner, a hundred twenty halberds in formation, and escort from both palace guards and the feathered guard.
19
後廢帝，諱朗，字仲哲，章武王融第三子也，母曰程氏。 少稱明悟。 永安二年，為肆州魯郡王後軍府錄事參軍、儀同開府司馬。 元曄之建明二年正月戊子，為冀州勃海太守。 及齊獻武王起義兵，將誅暴逆，乃推戴之。
The Deposed Emperor Houfei bore the taboo name Lang, styled Zhongzhe. He was the third son of Prince of Zhangwu Rong; his mother was Lady Cheng. As a boy he was praised for quick understanding. In the second year of Yongan he served as recorder of the rear-army headquarters of the prince of Lu in Si and as open-office staff major with commissioner’s powers. On wuzi day in the first month of Jianming year two under Yuan Ye he became administrator of Bohai in Ji. When Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan raised righteous troops to punish the tyrants, Lang was pushed onto the throne.
20
十有一月己巳，詔曰：「王度創開，彝倫方始，所班官秩，不改舊章。 而無識之徒，因茲僥倖，謬增軍級，虛名顯位，皆言前朝所授，理難推抑。 自非嚴為條制，無以防其偽竊。 諸有虛增官號，為人發糾，罪從軍法。 若入格檢覈無名者，退為平民，終身禁錮。」 庚辰，齊獻武王率師攻鄴城。
On jisi day in the eleventh month an edict said: "The royal measure is newly opened and ritual order only begun; the ranks we issue still follow the old statutes. Yet the witless seized the moment: they padded military rank and bought hollow titles, all claiming grants from the fallen court—titles hard to revoke in law. Without stern rules there is no stopping the fraud. Whoever padded his title and is exposed shall be punished under military law. If the rolls cannot verify the rank, he is reduced to commoner and imprisoned for life." On gengchen day Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan marched against Ye.
21
是年，南兗城民王乞德逼前刺史劉世明以州降蕭衍，衍使其將元樹入據譙城。
That year the people of Nan Yan compelled Liu Shiming, former inspector, to hand the province to Xiao Yan; Yan’s general Yuan Shu seized Qiao.
22
二年春正月壬午，拔鄴，擒刺史劉誕。 詔諸將士汎四級，封侯、增邑九十七人，各有差等。 癸未，詔曰：「自中興草昧，典制權輿，郡縣之官，率多行、督。 假有正者，風化未均。 眷彼周餘，專為漁獵。 朕所以夙興夜寐，有惕於懷。 有司明加糾罰，稱朕意焉。」
On renwu day in the first month of spring Ye fell; Liu Dan the inspector was taken. An edict raised every soldier four ranks; ninety-seven men were made marquises with added fiefs, each according to merit. On guiwei day an edict said: "Since our revival from chaos, law was makeshift; most commandery and district officers were only acting supervisors or overseers. Even regular appointees could not yet spread even rule. They treated what remained of Zhou’s order as mere quarry for the hunter. We rise before dawn and sleep after dark, uneasy in heart. Let the ministries punish without mercy—that is our will."
23
二月辛亥，上孝莊皇帝諡曰武懷皇帝。 甲子，以齊獻武王為大丞相、柱國大將軍、太師，增封三萬戶，并前為六萬戶。
On xinhai day in the second month Emperor Xiaozhuang received the posthumous title Emperor Wu the Cherishing. On jiazi day Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan was made grand chancellor, pillar grand general, and grand preceptor; his fief grew by thirty thousand households to sixty thousand in all.
24
三月丙寅，以齊文襄王起家為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 丙子，以侍中、車騎大將軍、尚書左僕射孫騰為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 丁丑，車駕幸鄴。 乙酉，詔文武家屬自信都赴鄴城。
On bingyin day in the third month Prince of Qi Wenxiang first took office as grand general of agile cavalry and equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. On bingzi day Sun Teng, attendant, grand general of chariots and cavalry, and left vice director of the Masters of Writing, was made grand general of agile cavalry and equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. On dingchou day the court moved to Ye. On yiyou day an edict summoned officials’ families from Xindu to Ye.
25
閏月乙未，以安北將軍、光祿大夫、博野縣開國伯尉景為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 丙申，以衞將軍、金紫光祿大夫厙狄干為車騎大將軍、儀同三司。 壬寅，尒朱天光、兆、度律、仲遠等屯於洹水之南。 癸丑，齊獻武王出頓紫陌。 庚申，尒朱兆率輕騎三千夜襲鄴城，叩西門，不克，退走。 壬戌，齊獻武王大破尒朱天光等四胡於韓陵，前廢帝鎮軍將軍賀拔勝、徐州刺史杜德於陳降。 尒朱兆走趣并州，仲遠奔東郡，天光、度律將赴洛陽。 大都督斛斯椿、賈顯智倍道先還。
On yiwei day in the intercalary month Wei Jing, pacifier of the north, grand master of splendid carriages, and state-founding earl of Boye, was made grand general of agile cavalry and equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. On bingshen day Kudi Gan, general of the guard and grand master of splendid carriages with golden seal and purple cord, was made grand general of chariots and cavalry and equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. On renyin day Erzhu Tianguang, Zhao, Dulu, Zhongyuan, and the rest camped south of the Huan. On guichou day Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan encamped at Zimo. On gengshen day Erzhu Zhao struck Ye by night with three thousand light horse, hammered the west gate, failed, and fled. On renxu day Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan shattered Erzhu Tianguang and the four Hu allies at Hanling; Heba Sheng, pacification-general to Deposed Emperor Qianfei, and Du De, inspector of Xu, surrendered at Chen. Erzhu Zhao fled toward Bing; Zhongyuan ran to Dong commandery; Tianguang and Dulu turned for Luoyang. Grand commander Husi Chun and Jia Xianzhi raced ahead by forced march.
26
夏四月甲子朔，椿等據河橋，懼罪自劾，尋擒天光、度律於河橋。 西北大行臺長孫稚、都督賈顯智等率騎入京師，執尒朱世隆、彥伯，斬於都街，囚送天光、度律於齊獻武王。 辛未，前廢帝驃騎大將軍、行濟州事侯景據城降，仍除儀同三司、兼尚書僕射、南道大行臺、濟州刺史。 甲戌，以車騎將軍、尚書右僕射魏蘭根為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 乙亥，以車騎大將軍、儀同三司、中軍大都督高盛兼尚書僕射、北道行臺，隨機處分。 尒朱仲遠奔蕭衍。 青州刺史尒朱弼為其部下馮紹隆所殺，傳首京師。 丙子，前廢帝安東將軍辛永、右將軍建州大都督張悅舉城降。
On jiazi day, the new moon of the fourth month of summer, Chun’s party seized the He Bridge; though they impeached themselves for fear of blame, they soon took Tianguang and Dulu on the bridge. Changsun Zhi of the northwest grand mobile office and Jia Xianzhi and other commanders rode into Luoyang, seized Shilong and Yanbo, beheaded them in the market, and sent Tianguang and Dulu in bonds to Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan. On xinwei day Hou Jing, pacification-general to Deposed Emperor Qianfei, surrendered the city and was made equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, concurrent vice director of the Masters of Writing, southern-route grand mobile office, and inspector of Ji. On jiaxu day Wei Langen, grand general of chariots and cavalry and right vice director of the Masters of Writing, was made grand general of agile cavalry and equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. On yihai day Gao Sheng, grand general of chariots and cavalry, equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, and central-army grand commander, was made concurrent vice director of the Masters of Writing and northern-route grand mobile office with full discretion. Erzhu Zhongyuan fled to Xiao Yan. Erzhu Bi, regional inspector of Qing, was killed by his officer Feng Shaolong; his head was sent to the capital. On bingzi day Xin Yong, pacification-general of the east to Deposed Emperor Qianfei, and Zhang Yue, right general and grand commander of Jian, surrendered their cities.
27
辛巳，車駕至河陽，遜位於別邸。 太昌元年五月，封安定郡王，邑一萬戶。 後以罪殂於門下外省，時年二十。 永熙二年葬於鄴西南野馬岡。 出帝，諱脩，字孝則，廣平武穆王懷之第三子也，母李氏。 性沉厚少言，好武事。 始封汝陽縣開國公，拜通直散騎侍郎，轉中書侍郎。 建義初，除散騎常侍，尋遷平東將軍、兼太常卿，又為鎮東將軍、宗正卿。 永安三年，封平陽王。 普泰初，轉侍中、鎮東將軍、[5]儀同三司、兼尚書右僕射，又加侍中、尚書左僕射。
On xinsi day the court reached Heyang and the emperor abdicated at a side lodge. In the fifth month of Taichang year one he was enfeoffed prince of Anding with ten thousand households. Later, condemned for crime, he died in the outer quarters of the Gate Department, aged twenty. In Yongxi year two he was buried at Wild Horse Mound southwest of Ye. Emperor Chu bore the taboo name Xiu, styled Xiaze. He was the third son of Prince of Guangping Wu and Mu, Huai; his mother was Lady Li. He was grave and sparing of speech, and loved the arts of war. First enfeoffed state-founding duke of Ruyang, he was made direct-palace scattered cavalier attendant, then vice director of the secretariat. Early in Jianyi he became scattered cavalier attendant, then pacifier of the east and concurrent minister of supreme rejoicings, then pacifier of the east and director of the imperial clan. In the third year of Yongan he was made prince of Pingyang. Early in Putai he became attendant, pacifier of the east, [5] equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, and concurrent right vice director of the Masters of Writing; soon he added attendant and left vice director.
28
中興二年夏四月，安定王自以疏遠，未允四海之心，請遜大位。 齊獻武王與百僚會議，僉謂高祖不可無後，乃共奉王。 戊子，即帝位於東郭之外，入自東陽、雲龍門，御太極前殿，羣臣朝賀。 禮畢，昇閶闔門，詔曰：「否泰相沿，廢興互有，玄天無所隱，精靈弗能諭。 大魏統乾，德漸區宇，牢籠九服，旁礴三光。 而上天降禍，運踵多難，禮樂崩淪，憲章漂沒。 赫赫宗周，翦為戎寇； 肅肅清廟，將成茂草。 胡羯乘機，肆其昏虐，殺君害王，刳剔海內。 競其吞噬之意，不識醉飽之心。 自書契以來，未有若斯者已！ 大丞相勃海王忠存本朝，精貫白日，爰舉義旗，志雪國耻。 故廣阿之軍，貔虎奪氣； 鄴下之師，金湯失險。 近者四胡相率，實繁有徒，驅天下之兵，盡華戎之銳。 桴鼓暫交，一朝盪滅，元兇授首，大憝斯擒。 揚旆濟河、掃清伊洛，士民安堵，不失舊章。 社稷危而復安，洪基毀而還構。 朕以託體宸極，猥當樂推，祗握寶圖，承茲大業。 得以眇身，託於王公之上，若涉淵水，罔識攸津。 思與兆民同茲嘉慶，可大赦天下。 改中興二年為太昌元年。」 詔前御史中尉樊子鵠起復本官，兼尚書左僕射、東南道大行臺，都督儀同三司、徐州刺史杜德討元樹。 齊獻武王上言，建義之家枉為尒朱氏籍沒者，悉皆蠲免。 帝以世易，復除齊獻武王為大丞相、天柱大將軍、太師，世襲定州刺史，增封九萬，并前十五萬戶。 庚寅，加齊文襄王侍中、開府儀同，餘如故。 壬辰，齊獻武王還鄴，車駕餞別於乾脯山。
In the fourth month of summer in Zhongxing year two the prince of Anding, knowing himself too remote in blood to hold the realm’s loyalty, offered to abdicate. Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan convened the ministers; all said the dynasty could not lack Gaozu’s line—and together they pressed Xiu forward. On wuzi day he took the throne outside the eastern suburb, entered through the Dongyang and Yunlong gates, sat in the front hall of the Hall of Supreme Ultimate, and received the court’s homage. The rites finished, he mounted the Changhe Gate and proclaimed: "Fortune and ruin take turns; thrones fall and rise by season; heaven keeps no secret, and spirits cannot warn what men refuse to see. Great Wei holds heaven’s mandate; its virtue fills the realm, gathering the nine domains and shining beside sun, moon, and stars. Yet heaven sent calamity; hardship followed hardship; ritual and music broke apart, law and pattern sank in flood. The Zhou house stood in glory—then barbarian raiders hewed it down; the clear temple stood in awe—soon to be only wild grass. Hu and Jie seized their hour and poured out blind cruelty—killing emperors and kings, flaying the realm within and without. They competed to swallow all and never knew when greed was sated. Since records began, nothing like it has been seen! The grand chancellor, prince of Bohai, stayed loyal to the dynasty’s root, his resolve bright as noon; he raised the righteous banner to wash away national shame. At Guang’a his host struck—foes bold as tiger and leopard lost their breath; at Ye the walls of metal and moat failed. Lately the four Hu marched together—a multitude indeed; they drove the empire’s armies and sharpened every blade of Chinese and barbarian. Drums had scarcely sounded when one morning swept them away; the chief culprit lost his head, the great foe was bound. Standards crossed the river and cleared Yi and Luo; people settled in peace, the old order intact. Altars tottered yet stood; the great foundation broke yet rose again. We, set on the imperial frame, unworthily receive the age’s push; we hold the sacred chart and take up this great work. To set our slight self above kings and dukes is to wade deep water with no ford in sight. We mean to share this blessing with the millions; let there be a general amnesty. Zhongxing year two becomes Taichang year one." An edict restored Fan Zihu, former censor-in-chief, to office, made him concurrent left vice director and southeastern-route grand mobile office, and ordered Du De, equal in honor to the Three Excellencies and inspector of Xu, against Yuan Shu. Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan memorialized that families of righteous-army men wrongly seized by the Erzhu should be fully restored. With the throne renewed, the emperor again made Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan grand chancellor, pillar of heaven grand general, and grand preceptor, hereditary inspector of Ding; his fief grew by ninety thousand households to one hundred fifty thousand in all. On gengyin day Prince of Qi Wenxiang received attendant and commissioner with full powers; other posts stood unchanged. On renchen day Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan returned to Ye; the court took leave at Mount Ganfu.
29
五月丙申，前廢帝廣陵王殂。 以太傅、淮陽王欣為太師，封沛郡王； 司徒公、趙郡王諶為太保； 侍中、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、清河王亶儀同三師； [6]使持節、侍中、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、司州牧、南陽王寶炬為太尉公； 侍中、太保、錄尚書事長孫稚為太傅； 侍中、驃騎大將軍、尚書左僕射元羅儀同三司、尚書令； 驃騎大將軍、吏部尚書元世儁儀同三司。 戊戌，以齊獻武王固讓，聽解天柱大將軍，減封五萬戶，餘悉如故。 辛丑，以前司空高乾邕復為司空公。 乙巳，帝幸華林都亭，宴羣臣，班賚有差。 羽林隊主唐猛突入稱慶，帝以猛犯禁衞，杖之。 猛辭色有忤，斬之階下。
On bingshen day in the fifth month Deposed Emperor Qianfei, prince of Guangling, died. Xin, grand tutor and prince of Huaiyang, was made grand preceptor and enfeoffed prince of Pei; Chen, minister of works and prince of Zhao, was made grand guardian; Dan, prince of Qinghe, attendant, grand general of agile cavalry, and commissioner with full powers equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, was made equal in honor to the three preceptors; [6] Baoju, prince of Nanyang, bearer of the staff, attendant, grand general of agile cavalry, commissioner with full powers equal in honor to the Three Excellencies, and governor of Si, was made grand preceptor; Changsun Zhi, attendant, grand guardian, and recorder of secretariat affairs, was made grand tutor; Yuan Luo, attendant, grand general of agile cavalry, and left vice director of the Masters of Writing, was made equal in honor to the Three Excellencies and director of the Masters of Writing; Yuan Shijun, grand general of agile cavalry and minister of personnel, was made equal in honor to the Three Excellencies. On wuxu day, because Prince of Qi Duke Xianwu Huan declined firmly, he was allowed to lay down pillar of heaven grand general; his fief was cut by fifty thousand households; all else stood. On xinchou day former minister of works Gao Gan’ou was restored as minister of works. On yisi day the emperor visited the Hualin metropolitan pavilion, feasted his ministers, and distributed rewards in varying amounts. Tang Meng, captain of the Feathered Forest guard, rushed in to offer congratulations; the emperor had him beaten with the staff for breaching the palace guard. Meng answered with a defiant look and tone and was beheaded on the steps below.
30
丁未，詔曰：「無侮惸獨，事炳前經； 惠此鰥寡，聲留往冊。 朕以薄德，作民父母，乃眷元元，寤言增歎。 今理運惟新，哀矜伊始，如有孤老、疾病、無所依歸者，有司明加隱括，依格賑贍。」 又詔曰：「理有一準，則民無覬覦； 法啟二門，則吏多威福。 前主為律，後主為令，歷世永久，實用滋章。 非所以準的庶品，隄防萬物。 可令執事之官四品以上，集於都省，取諸條格，議定一途，其不可施用者，當局停記。 新定之格，勿與舊制相連。 務在約通，無致冗滯。」 己酉，以侍中、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、清河王亶為司徒公。 庚戌，詔曰：「頃西土年飢，百姓流徙，或身倚溝渠，或命懸道路，皆見棄草土，取厭烏鳶。 言念於此，有警夜寐。 掩骼之禮，誠所庶幾； 行墐之義，冀亦可勉。 其諸有露屍，令所在埋覆。 可宣告天下。」 乙卯，詔外內解嚴。
On dingwei day an edict said, "Do not wrong the solitary and weak—this principle shines in the classics of old; show kindness to widowers and widows—its fame rests in the records of old. We, of slight virtue, stand as father and mother to the people, yet when We turn to the masses Our heart wakes to sighing anew. Now the age's fortune is newly ordered and compassion has only begun: wherever there are the orphaned and aged, the sick, or those with none to rely upon, the offices shall search them out clearly and provide relief according to statute." Another edict said, "When principle has a single standard, the people will not look covetously on one another; when law opens two doors, officials will multiply in authority and favor. Earlier rulers made statutes and later rulers made ordinances; generation after generation it endured, and in practice it grew ever more copious. That is not how to set a standard for every rank or fence in the myriad creatures. Officials of the fourth rank and above shall gather at the central secretariat, review all statutes and articles, and agree on a single course; whatever cannot be applied, the responsible office shall mark it suspended. New statutes must not be linked to the old code. Seek brevity and clarity; do not allow prolixity and blockage." On jiyou Xuan, prince of Qinghe, attendant-in-ordinary, general of agile cavalry, and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies, was made duke of the state of the grandee. On gengxu day an edict said, "Recently in the western regions famine pressed year after year; people drifted in displacement—some leaned their bodies in ditches and channels, others hung their lives upon the road. All were cast upon the soil and grass to feed crows and kites. When We think on this, the thought keeps Us from rest at night. Covering exposed bones in proper rite—this We truly hope for; repairing broken embankments is also something We may urge. Wherever bodies lie exposed, the locality shall bury and cover them. Let this be proclaimed throughout the realm." On yimao day an edict lifted martial law within and without.
31
六月癸亥朔，帝於華林園納訟。 丙寅，蠕蠕、嚈噠、高麗、契丹、庫莫奚國並遣使朝貢。 丁卯，太尉公、司州牧、南陽王寶炬坐事降為驃騎大將軍、開府，王如故，歸第，令羽林衞守。 改諡武懷皇帝曰孝莊。 癸酉，蠕蠕、嚈噠國遣使朝貢。 戊寅，詔內外百司普汎六級。 在京百僚加中興四級，義師將士並加軍汎六級，在鄴百官三級，河北同義之州兩級，河橋建義者加五級，關西二級。 諸受建明、普泰封爵、汎級、優特之階，悉追。 己卯，帝臨顯陽殿納訟。 乙酉，高麗、契丹、庫莫奚國遣使朝貢。 丙戌，以前驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司斛斯椿還為前官。 詔曰：「間者，凶權誕恣，法令變常，遂立夷貊輕賦，冀收天下之意，隨以箕斂之重，終納十倍之征，掩目捕雀，何能過此。 朕屬念蒸黎，無忘寢食，加田桑始事，生業未滋，若頓依常格，或不周展。 今歲租調，且兩收一丐，來年復舊。」 辛卯，以使持節、衞大將軍、儀同三司、尚書左僕射賈顯度為驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。
In the sixth month, on the guihai new moon, the emperor heard lawsuits at the Hualin Garden. On bingyin day Rouran, the Hephthalites, Goguryeo, Khitan, and Kumo Xi all sent envoys with tribute. On dingmao Baoju, grandee of taiwei, regional inspector of Si, and prince of Nanyang, was reduced for an offense to general of agile cavalry and commander with open office; his princely title remained; he returned to his residence under Feathered Forest guard. The posthumous title of Emperor Wuhuai was changed to Xiaozhuang (Filial and Solemn). On guiyou Rouran and the Hephthalites sent envoys with tribute. On wuyin an edict granted a general promotion of six ranks to every office inside and outside the capital. Capital officials received an additional four ranks for the Restoration; righteous-army commanders and soldiers a general military promotion of six ranks; officials at Ye three ranks; the Hebei provinces that joined the righteous cause two ranks; those who raised the righteous cause at Hey Bridge five ranks; Guanxi two ranks. All enfeoffments, general promotions, and privileged ranks granted under Jianming and Putai were entirely revoked. On jimao the emperor heard lawsuits at the Xianyang Hall. On yiyou Goguryeo, Khitan, and Kumo Xi sent envoys with tribute. On bingxu Chun, former general of agile cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies with open office, was restored to his former office. An edict said, "Recently violent power waxed wanton and laws and ordinances turned irregular; they set light levies on barbarian and border peoples, hoping to win the realm's hearts—then followed heavy extortion, and in the end collected levies tenfold; to cover the eyes and catch sparrows—how could it surpass this? We keep the masses in mind and cannot forget even in sleep and meals; moreover fields and mulberries are but beginning their work and livelihoods are not yet abundant—if We suddenly rely on the usual statutes, it may not fully suffice. This year's land tax and corvée shall be collected at two parts with one remitted for now; next year the former practice returns." On xinmao Jia Xiandu, left vice director of the Masters of Writing, bearer of the staff with full powers, guard-general, and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies, was made general of agile cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies with open office.
32
秋七月乙未，詔曰：「頃永安馭運，載育皇儲，遂錫汎階，以申國慶。 近經普泰，便爾中追。 今罪人既殄，舊章斯復。 宜述往旨，用卒前恩。 皇子汎二級，悉可還授。 文穆廟汎，故宜停寢，若已受者，依例追之。」 庚子，以驃騎大將軍、開府、南陽王寶炬為太尉公。 壬寅，齊獻武王率眾入自滏口，大都督厙狄干入自井陘，討尒朱兆。 乙巳，齊獻武王以尒朱天光、尒朱度律送之京師，斬於都巿。 己酉，以兼尚書左僕射、東南道大行臺樊子鵠為儀同三司。 庚戌，詔侍中、驃騎將軍、左光祿大夫高隆之為使持節、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、兼尚書左僕射、北道行臺，率步騎十萬趨太行，會齊獻武王。 隆之解行臺，仍為大丞相軍司。 齊獻武王次於武鄉，尒朱兆大掠晉陽，北走秀容。 并州平。 乙卯，帝臨顯陽殿，親理冤獄。 丙辰，以宗師、東萊王貴平為車騎大將軍、儀同三司。 是月，夏州徙民郭遷據宥州反，刺史元嶷棄城走。 [7]詔行臺侯景率齊州刺史尉景、濟州刺史蔡儁等攻討之。 城陷，遷奔蕭衍。 東南道大行臺樊子鵠大破蕭衍軍於譙城，擒其鄴王元樹及譙州刺史朱文開。
In the seventh month of autumn, on yiwei day an edict said, "Recently under Yong'an the chariot of fortune bore the imperial heir; thereupon general promotions of rank were bestowed to proclaim the state's rejoicing. After Putai they were suddenly revoked halfway through. Now that the guilty are destroyed, the old statutes are restored. We should carry out the earlier intent and fulfill the prior grace. The princes' two ranks of general promotion may all be returned and granted again. General promotions for Emperor Wenmu's temple should cease; those already received shall be reclaimed by precedent." On gengzi Baoju, general of agile cavalry and commander with open office, prince of Nanyang, was made grandee of taiwei. On renyin Gao Huan led his host in from Fukou and Grand Commander Kudie Gan in from Jingxing Pass to attack Erzhu Zhao. On yisi Gao Huan sent Erzhu Tianguang and Erzhu Dulü to the capital and they were beheaded in the metropolitan market. On jiyou Fan Zihong, left vice director of the Masters of Writing and acting grand mobile office of the southeast route, was made bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On gengxu an edict made Gao Longzhi, attendant-in-ordinary, general of agile cavalry, grandee of the left halberd, bearer of the staff with full powers, general of agile cavalry, bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies, concurrent left vice director, and northern-route grand mobile office, lead one hundred thousand infantry and cavalry toward Mount Taihang to join Gao Huan. Longzhi gave up the mobile office and remained chief clerk of the great chancellor's army. Gao Huan camped at Wuxiang; Erzhu Zhao plundered Jinyang heavily and fled north to Xiurong. Bing province was pacified. On yimao the emperor entered the Xianyang Hall and personally judged cases of wrongful punishment. On bingchen Guiping, prince of Donglai, director of the imperial clan, was made general of chariots and cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. That month resettled people of Xia province rebelled: Guo Qian of You province seized the province; Yuan Yi, regional inspector, abandoned the city and fled. [7] An edict ordered Hou Jing, grand mobile office, to lead Wei Jing, regional inspector of Qi, Cai Jun, regional inspector of Ji, and others to attack and suppress him. When the city fell, Qian fled to Xiao Yan. Fan Zihong, grand mobile office of the southeast route, greatly defeated Xiao Yan's army at Qiao city and captured his prince of Ye Yuan Shu and Zhu Wenkai, regional inspector of Qiao.
33
八月壬戌朔，齊文襄王來朝，燕射，班賚部下各有差。 丁卯，以西中郎將元寧為高平王。 甲戌，以車騎大將軍、左光祿大夫李琰之為儀同三司。 庚寅，以車騎將軍、左光祿大夫崔秉為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 辛卯，以車騎將軍、右光祿大夫高岳為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。
In the eighth month, on the renxu new moon, Gao Cheng came to court; they feasted and shot together, and gifts to subordinates were graded. On dingmao Ning, western middle cadet-general, was made prince of Gaoping. On jiaxu Li Yan Zhi, general of chariots and cavalry and grandee of the left halberd, was made bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On gengyin Cui Bing, general of chariots and cavalry and grandee of the left halberd, was made general of agile cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On xinmao Gao Yue, general of chariots and cavalry and grandee of the right halberd, was made general of agile cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies.
34
九月癸未，以侍中、驃騎大將軍、左光祿大夫封津為儀同三司。 庚子，帝幸華林都亭，引見元樹及公卿百僚蕃使督將等，宴射，班賚各有差。 癸卯，燕郡開國公賀拔允進爵為王。 乙巳，帝幸都水，南過洛汭、遂至瀍澗。 己酉，復田于北原。 癸丑，以太師、沛王欣為廣陵王，前廢帝子勃海王子恕改封沛郡王。 甲寅，以侍中、驃騎大將軍封隆之，[8]任祥並為儀同三司。 以車騎大將軍、河南尹元仲景為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 乙卯，車駕謁山陵。 丙辰，蠕蠕、高昌國遣使朝貢。 庚申，以衞將軍、前吏部尚書李神雋，撫軍將軍、右衞將軍婁昭並為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。
In the ninth month, on guiwei day Feng Jin, attendant-in-ordinary, general of agile cavalry, and grandee of the left halberd, was made bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On gengzi the emperor visited the Hualin metropolitan pavilion and received Yuan Shu, ducal ministers, the hundred offices, foreign envoys, supervisors, and generals; they feasted with archery and gifts were graded. On guimao He Ba Yun, duke of Yan commandery with open state, was advanced in rank to prince. On yisi the emperor visited the metropolitan waterworks, passed south over the Luo ford, and went on to the Chan and Jian streams. On jiyou the hunt was resumed on the northern plain. On guichou Xin, grand preceptor and prince of Pei, was made prince of Guangling; Zishu, son of the former emperor's prince of Bohai, was reassigned prince of Pei commandery. On jiayin Feng Longzhi, attendant-in-ordinary and general of agile cavalry, [8] and Ren Xiang were both made bearers of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. Yuan Zhongjing, general of chariots and cavalry and governor of Henan, was made general of agile cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On yimao the imperial carriage paid respects at the mountain tombs. On bingchen Rouran and Gaochang sent envoys with tribute. On gengshen Li Shenjun, former director of the Masters of Writing for personnel, guard-general, and Lou Zhao, general who stabilizes the army and right guard-general, were both made generals of agile cavalry and bearers of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies.
35
冬十月甲子，以使持節、衞將軍、光州刺史高仲密為車騎大將軍、儀同三司。 丁卯，以車騎大將軍、左光祿大夫潘蠻為儀同三司。 己卯，以車騎大將軍、左光祿大夫高琛為特進、驃騎、開府儀同三司。 庚寅，以使持節、驃騎將軍、肆州刺史劉貴為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。
In the tenth month of winter, on jiazi day Gao Zhongmi, regional inspector of Guang with bearer of the staff and full powers and guard-general, was made general of chariots and cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On dingmao Pan Man, general of chariots and cavalry and grandee of the left halberd, was made bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On jimao Gao Chen, general of chariots and cavalry and grandee of the left halberd, was made specially advanced, general of agile cavalry, and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies with open office. On gengyin Liu Gui, general of agile cavalry and regional inspector of Si with bearer of the staff and full powers, was made general of agile cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies.
36
十有一月甲午，以車騎將軍、揚州刺史斛斯敦為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 丁酉，日南至，車駕有事於圓丘。 戊戌，朝會百官於太極前殿。 甲辰，安定王朗及東海王曄坐事死。 乙巳，蠕蠕國遣使朝貢。 己酉，以前太尉公、汝南王悅為侍中、大司馬、開府。 葬靈太后胡氏。
In the eleventh month, on jiawu day Hu Sigun Dun, general of chariots and cavalry and regional inspector of Yang, was made general of agile cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On dingyou, the winter solstice, the imperial carriage performed rites at the Round Mound. On wuxu an assembly was held for the hundred offices at the Hall of Supreme Ultimate. On jiachen Houfei, prince of Anding, and Ye, prince of Donghai, were put to death for their crimes. On yisi Rouran sent envoys with tribute. On jiyou Yue, former grandee of taiwei and prince of Runan, was made attendant-in-ordinary, grand marshal, and commander with open office. Empress Dowager Hu was buried.
37
十有二月丙寅，以驃騎大將軍、領御史中尉綦雋為儀同三司。 乙亥，以侍中、廣平王贊為驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 丁亥，殺大司馬、汝南王悅。 大赦天下，改太昌為永興，以太宗號，尋改為永熙元年。
In the twelfth month, on bingyin day Qi Jun, general of agile cavalry and director of the censorate, was made bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On yihai Zan, attendant-in-ordinary and prince of Guangping, was made general of agile cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies with open office. On dinghai Yue, grand marshal and prince of Runan, was killed. A general amnesty was proclaimed; Taichang became Yongxing under the Taizong era name, soon changed to Yongxi year 1.
38
二月庚申，以使持節、鎮東將軍、行汾州事張瓊為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 辛酉，以司空公高乾邕為使持節、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，[9]咸陽王坦為司空公。
In the second month, on gengshen day Zhang Qiong, general who pacifies the east with bearer of the staff and full powers and acting overseer of Fen province affairs, was made general of agile cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On xinyou Gao Qianzong, minister of works, was made bearer of the staff with full powers, general of agile cavalry, and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies with open office; [9] Tan, prince of Xianyang, was made minister of works.
39
夏四月戊辰，詔諸參佐自三府以下爰及外州，皆不得復加常侍及兼兩員，雖已授者亦悉追之。 是月，青州人耿翔襲據膠州，殺刺史裴粲，通於蕭衍。
In the fourth month of summer, on wuchen day an edict said that aides from the Three Offices downward and also the outer provinces must not again add regular attendant or concurrent second posts; even those already appointed were all to be revoked. That month Geng Xiang of Qing province raided and seized Jiao province, killed Pei Can, regional inspector, and joined Xiao Yan.
40
五月庚寅，詔諸幽枉未申，事經一周已上，悉集華林，將親覽察； 脫事已經年，有司不列者，聽其人各自陳訴； 若事連州郡、由緣淹歲者，亦仰尚書總集以聞。 壬寅，以使持節、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、齊州刺史侯淵復為開府儀同三司。 乙巳，詔曰：「大夫之職，位秩貴顯； 員外之官，亦為匪賤。 而下及胥吏，帶領非一，高卑渾雜，有損彝章。 自今已後，京官樂為稱事小職者，直加散號將軍，願罷卑官者聽為大夫及員外之職，不宜仍前散實參領。 其中旨特加者，不在此例。」 東徐州城民王早、簡實等殺刺史崔庠，據州入蕭衍。
In the fifth month, on gengyin day an edict said that where wrongful imprisonment had not been heard and the matter had passed a full year or more, all were to assemble at Hualin and the emperor would personally examine them; if years had passed and the office did not list the case, the person might present his own appeal; if the matter ran through several provinces and commanderies and dragged on for years, it was also to be reported collectively to the Masters of Writing. On renyin Hou Yuan, former general of agile cavalry, bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies with open office, and regional inspector of Qi, was restored to bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies with open office. On yisi day an edict said, "The office of grandee—rank and status are honored and eminent; the outer-quota office too is no slight post. Yet down to clerks and attendants titles were heaped on without limit; high and low were muddled, harming canonical pattern. Henceforth capital officials who prefer a small office by formal title may receive only the scattered designation general; those who wish to leave humble posts may take grandee or outer-quota office—it is unsuitable to continue scattered substantive concurrent titles as before. Cases specially advanced by central intent are excepted from this rule." The townspeople Wang Zao and Jian Shi of East Xu province killed Cui Xiang, regional inspector, seized the province, and submitted to Xiao Yan.
41
六月壬申，以驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、尚書右僕射樊子鵠為青膠大使，督濟州刺史、大都督蔡儁討耿翔。 丁丑，以驃騎大將軍、前行南兗州事念賢為儀同三司。
In the sixth month, on renshen day Fan Zihong, general of agile cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies with open office and right vice director of the Masters of Writing, was made envoy to Qing and Jiao, supervising Cai Jun, regional inspector of Ji and grand commander, to attack Geng Xiang. On dingchou Nian Xian, former general of agile cavalry and acting overseer of South Yan province affairs, was made bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies.
42
秋七月辛卯，以使持節、鎮北將軍、大都督、秦州刺史万俟普撥為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 [12]壬辰，以太師、司州牧、廣陵王欣為大司馬、侍中，以太尉公、趙郡王諶為太師，並開府。 庚戌，以前司徒公、燕郡王賀拔允為太尉公。
In the seventh month of autumn, on xinmao day Wanqi Pubo, general who pacifies the north, grand commander, and regional inspector of Qin with bearer of the staff and full powers, was made general of agile cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. [12] On renchen day Xin, grand preceptor, regional inspector of Si, and prince of Guangling, was made grand marshal and attendant-in-ordinary; Chen, grandee of taiwei and prince of Zhao commandery, was made grand preceptor; both opened offices. On gengxu He Ba Yun, former grandee of the grandee and prince of Yan commandery, was made grandee of taiwei.
43
八月乙丑，齊文襄王來朝，帝燕於華林都亭，班賚部下各有差。 以驃騎大將軍、前南岐州刺史司馬子如為儀同三司。 戊辰，車駕餞文襄王於河梁，仍濟河而返。 癸酉，齊獻武王上表固讓王爵，不許； 請分邑十萬戶，節降為品，回授勳義，從之。
In the eighth month, on yichou day Gao Cheng came to court; the emperor feasted him at the Hualin metropolitan pavilion, and gifts to subordinates were graded. Sima Ziru, former general of agile cavalry and inspector of South Qi, was made bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On wuchen the imperial carriage saw Gao Cheng off at Hey Bridge and then crossed the river and returned. On guiyou Gao Huan submitted a memorial firmly declining the princely rank; it was not granted; he asked to divide one hundred thousand households of fief, reduce ranks to grades, and return the portion to reward merit and righteousness; this was granted.
44
九月壬子，以散騎常侍、車騎大將軍、左光祿大夫崔孝芬為儀同三司。
In the ninth month, on renzi day Cui Xiaofen, scattered cavalier attendant, general of chariots and cavalry, and grandee of the left halberd, was made bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies.
45
冬十月癸未，以衞將軍、瓜州刺史、泰臨縣開國伯、高昌王麴子堅為儀同三司，進爵郡王。 [13]
In the tenth month of winter, on guiwei day Qu Zijian, guard-general, regional inspector of Gua, marquis of Tailin with open state, and king of Gaochang, was made bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies and advanced in rank to prince of the commandery. The text is deficient.
46
十有一月癸巳，持節、征北將軍、殷州刺史邸珍為徐州大都督、東道行臺僕射，率將討東徐州。
In the eleventh month, on guisi day Di Zhen, general who campaigns north with bearer of the staff and regional inspector of Yin, was made grand commander of Xu province, vice director of the eastern-route grand mobile office, and led generals to attack East Xu province.
47
十有二月丁巳，車駕狩於嵩陽。 己巳，遂幸溫湯。 丁丑，車駕還宮。
In the twelfth month, on dingsi day the imperial carriage hunted at Songyang. On jisi he then visited the hot springs. On dingchou the imperial carriage returned to the palace.
48
三年春正月壬辰，齊獻武王討費也頭於河西苦洩河，大破之，獲其帥紇豆陵伊利，遷其部落於內地。
In the third year, first month of spring, on renchen day Gao Huan attacked the Feiye Tou at Kuxie River west of the river in Hexi, greatly defeated them, captured their leader Hedouling Yili, and moved their tribes to the interior.
49
二月，東梁州為夷民侵逼，詔使持節、車騎大將軍、行東雍州事泉企為東梁州行臺、都督以討之。 己未，蕭衍假節、豫州刺史、南昌王毛香舉城內附，授以持節、安南將軍、信州刺史、義昌王。 壬戌，大赦天下。 丙子，帝親釋奠禮先師。 辛巳，幸洪池陂，遂遊田。 壬午，以衞將軍、前徐州刺史元祐為衞大將軍、儀同三司，以驃騎將軍、左衞將軍元斌之為潁川王。 [14]
In the second month East Liang province was pressed by barbarian peoples; an edict made Quan Qi, general of chariots and cavalry with bearer of the staff and full powers and acting overseer of East Yong province affairs, eastern-route grand mobile office and commander, to attack them. On jiwei Mao Xiang of Xiao Yan, with acting staff, regional inspector of Yu, and prince of Nanchang, brought his city in to submit; he was appointed bearer of the staff, general who pacifies the south, regional inspector of Xin, and prince of Yichang. On renxu a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On bingzi the emperor personally performed the libation-and-sacrifice rite to the former teacher. On xinsi he visited Hongchi Pond and then went hunting. On renwu Yuan You, former guard-general and regional inspector of Xu, was made guard-general and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies; Yuan Binzhi, general of agile cavalry and left guard-general, was made prince of Yingchuan. The text is deficient.
50
三月壬寅，以前侍中、車騎大將軍李彧為驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。
In the third month, on renyin day Li Yu, former attendant-in-ordinary and general of chariots and cavalry, was made general of agile cavalry and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies.
51
夏四月戊午，契丹國遣使朝貢。 辛未，高平王寧坐事降爵為公。 丙子，高麗國遣使朝貢。
In the fourth month of summer, on wuwu day Khitan sent envoys with tribute. On xinwei Ning, prince of Gaoping, was reduced for an offense in rank to duke. On bingzi Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
52
五月丙戌，增置勳府庶子，廂別六百人，又增騎官，廂別二百人，依第出身，騎官秩比直齋。
In the fifth month, on bingxu day additional aides of the Merit Office were established, six hundred per wing in separate wings; cavalry officers were also increased, two hundred per wing by graded origin; cavalry officers' rank equaled direct attendants at the palace.
53
辛卯，詔曰：「大魏得一居宸，乘六馭宇。 考風雲之所會，宅日月之所中。 自北而南，東征西怨，后來其蘇，無思不偃。 而句吳負險，久遺度外。 世祖太武皇帝，握金鏡以照耀，擊玉鼓以鏗鏘，神武之所牢籠，威風之所轥轢，莫不雲徹霧卷，瓦解冰消。 長江已北，盡為魏土。 頃天步中圮，國綱時屯，凶竪因機，互窺上國，疆埸侵噬，州郡淪胥。 乃眷東顧，無忘寢食。 自非五牛警旆，七萃按部，何以復文武之舊業，拯塗炭於遺黎？ 朕將親總六軍，徑臨彭、汴。 一勞永逸，庶保無疆。 內外百僚，便可嚴備。 出頓之期，更聽後敕。」 時帝為斛斯椿、元毗、王思政、魏光等謟佞間阻，貳於齊獻武王，託討蕭衍，盛暑徵發河南諸州之兵，天下怪惡之。 語在斛斯椿傳。 丙申，以使持節、侍中、大司馬、開府、司州牧、廣陵王欣為左軍大都督，太傅、錄尚書事長孫稚為中軍四面大都督。 丁酉，帝幸華林都亭，集京畿都督及軍士三千餘人，慰勉之。 庚子，又幸華林都亭納訟。 壬寅，又以長孫稚為後軍大都督。
On xinmao day an edict said, "Great Wei, having obtained the One, dwells upon the throne and rides the six reins over the realm. It took as dwelling the place where wind and cloud meet and where sun and moon stand at the center. From north to south, campaigning east and pacifying west, the latecomers were revived—none whose heart did not submit. Yet Gou Wu held rugged terrain and long remained beyond Our borders. Grand Progenitor Emperor Taiwu held the golden mirror to shine abroad and struck the jade drum to ring clear—whatever his divine martial prowess caged and his majestic wind crushed alike dissolved as clouds scatter in mist and ice melts away. North of the Yangtze all became Wei territory. Lately heaven's step faltered at the center and the state's cord tightened in its season; vicious men seized the moment and each eyed the upper realm—borders were gnawed away and provinces and commanderies were lost. We turn Our gaze eastward and cannot forget it even in sleep and meals. Unless the five oxen raise the banners and the seven elite array their ranks, how can We restore Wen and Wu's old enterprise and rescue the people from charcoal in their remnant lives? We shall personally command the six armies and march directly to Peng and Bian. One campaign to end the trouble forever—thus may the realm long endure without bounds. The hundred offices within and without should make strict preparation at once. The date for setting out to camp—await a later edict." At that time the emperor, because Hu Sigun Chun, Yuan Pi, Wang Sizheng, Wei Guang, and others flattered and slandered and came between, turned disloyal toward Gao Huan; under pretext of attacking Xiao Yan he requisitioned troops from the Henan provinces in high summer—the realm was shocked and revolted. The account is in the Biography of Hu Sigun Chun. On bingshen Xin, attendant-in-ordinary, grand marshal, commander with open office, regional inspector of Si, and prince of Guangling, with bearer of the staff and full powers, was made grand commander of the left army; Chun, grand tutor, recorder of affairs for the Masters of Writing, was made grand commander on all four sides of the center army. On dingyou the emperor visited the Hualin metropolitan pavilion, assembled metropolitan-area commanders and more than three thousand soldiers, and comforted and exhorted them. On gengzi he again visited the Hualin metropolitan pavilion to hear lawsuits. On renyin Chun was again made grand commander of the rear army.
54
六月丁卯，大都督源子恭鎮胡陽，汝陽王暹守石濟，儀同三司賈顯智率豫州刺史斛斯壽東趨濟州。 庚午，吐谷渾國遣使朝貢。 丙子，詔曰：「頃年以來，天步時阻，干戈不戢，荊棘斯生。 或徇節感恩，奮不顧命； 或臨戎對敵，赴難如歸。 身首橫分，骸骨不斂。 勳誠靡錄，榮贈莫加。 寤寐矜之，良有嗟悼。 可普告內外，所在言列。 若無親近，聽故友陳之。 尚書檢實，隨狀科贈。 庶粗慰冤魂，少申惻隱。」 庚辰，以使持節、車騎大將軍、中軍大都督斛律沙門為開府儀同三司。
In the sixth month, on dingmao day Yuan Zigong, grand commander, garrisoned Huyang; Xian, prince of Ruyang, guarded Shiji; Jia Xianzhi, bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies, led Hu Sigun Shou, regional inspector of Yu, east toward Ji province. On gengwu Tuyuhun sent envoys with tribute. On bingzi day an edict said, "In recent years heaven's step has been obstructed in season; arms have not been laid down and brambles have sprung up. Some kept faith and repaid kindness, striving without heed for their lives; some met the foe at the frontier and went to hardship as if returning home. Bodies were cut apart and bones left ungathered. Merit and loyalty were not recorded; honors and posthumous gifts were not granted. Awake and asleep We pity them—truly We sigh and mourn. Let this be proclaimed within and without; let each locality report and list the cases. Where there are no kin near, let old friends present the matter. The Masters of Writing shall verify the facts and grant rewards posthumously according to the case. Thus may We roughly comfort wronged souls and slightly show compassion." On gengchen Hulu Shamen, general of chariots and cavalry with bearer of the staff and full powers and grand commander of the center army, was made bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies with open office.
55
秋七月辛巳朔，以鎮東將軍、前大鴻臚卿、太原王昶特為車騎大將軍、[15]儀同三司。 己丑，帝親總六軍十餘萬眾次於河橋。 以斛斯椿為前軍大都督，尋詔椿鎮虎牢。 又詔荊州刺史賀拔勝赴於行所。 勝率所部次於汝水。 庚子，以使持節、征西將軍、岐州刺史越肱特為儀同三司。 丁未，帝為椿等迫脅，遂出於長安。 己酉，齊獻武王入洛，賀拔勝走還荊州。
Seventh month of autumn, new moon on xinsi day: Chang, prince of Taiyuan, general who pacifies the east, former grand minister of the imperial clan, was specially made general of chariots and cavalry [15] and bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On jichou the emperor personally commanded more than one hundred thousand of the six armies and halted at Hey Bridge. Hu Sigun Chun was made grand commander of the vanguard; soon an edict ordered Chun to garrison Hulao. Another edict ordered He Ba Sheng, inspector of Jing, to hurry to the imperial encampment. Sheng led his command and halted at the Ru River. On gengzi Yue Gu, general who campaigns west with bearer of the staff and regional inspector of Qi, was specially made bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies. On dingwei the emperor, compelled by Chun and the others, then went out to Chang'an. On jiyou Gao Huan entered Luoyang; He Ba Sheng fled back to Jing province.
56
八月甲寅，推司徒公、清河王亶為大司馬，承制總萬幾，居尚書省。 辛酉，齊獻武王西迎車駕。 戊辰，制曰：「晦為明始，亂實治基，爰著天道，又符人事。 故姬祚中微，踐土有勤王之役； 劉氏將傾，北軍致左袒之舉。 用能隆此遠年，克茲卜世。 永熙之季，權佞擅朝，羣小是崇，勳賢見害。 官緣價以貴賤，獄因貨而死生。 宗祏飄若綴旒，民命棄如草莽。 大丞相位居晉鄭，任屬桓文，興甲汾川，問罪伊洛。 羣姦畏威，擁迫人主，以自蔽衞，遠出秦方。 雖車駕流移，未即返御，然權佞將除，天下延頸。 魏邦雖舊，其化惟新，思與兆民，同茲更始。 可大赦天下。」 行臺侯景討荊州，賀拔勝戰敗，走奔蕭衍。
In the eighth month, on jiayin day Xuan, grandee of the grandee and prince of Qinghe, was advanced as grand marshal, received the regency to direct all affairs, and dwelt in the Masters of Writing. On xinyou Gao Huan went west to welcome the imperial carriage. On wuchen day a regency edict said, "Darkness is the beginning of brightness; disorder is truly the foundation of order—this is set forth in heaven's way and again matches human affairs. Thus when the Ji house faltered at center, there was the campaign of those who upheld the king at Tiantu; when the Liu house was about to fall, the northern army bared the left shoulder. By this they could elevate those distant years and secure the divined age. In the Yongxi season violent minions monopolized the court; petty men were honored and worthy ministers were harmed. Office followed price in rank; prisons followed bribes in life and death. The ancestral temple swayed like a hanging tassel; the people's lives were cast away like grass in the wild. The great chancellor's position matched Jin and Zheng; his charge matched Huan and Wen; he raised arms on the Fen and questioned guilt at Yi and Luo. The vicious feared his might; pressing the sovereign, they used him to screen themselves and went far out to the Qin region. Though the imperial carriage drifted and did not at once return to rule, yet the violent minions would be removed and all under heaven craned their necks. The Wei state is old, but its transformation is new; We mean to share with the hundred surnames this fresh beginning. Let a general amnesty be proclaimed throughout the realm." Hou Jing, grand mobile office, attacked Jing province; He Ba Sheng was defeated in battle and fled to submit to Xiao Yan.
57
九月癸巳，以衞大將軍、河南尹元子思為使持節、行臺僕射，使持節、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、領軍將軍婁昭為西道大都督，并率左右侍官西迎車駕。 己酉，椿黨毛鴻賓守潼關，齊獻武王破擒之。 [16]是日，齊獻武王東還於洛。 是月，東清河人傅皛殺太守韓子捷，據郡反。 會赦，乃降。
In the ninth month, on guisi day Yuan Zisi, guard-general and governor of Henan, was made vice director of the grand mobile office with bearer of the staff and full powers; Lou Zhao, army commander with bearer of the staff and full powers, general of agile cavalry, bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies with open office, and commander of the palace guards, was made grand commander of the western route; both led the attendants of left and right to welcome the imperial carriage westward. On jiyou Mao Hongbin of Chun's faction held Tong Pass; Gao Huan broke and captured him. [16] That day Gao Huan returned east to Luoyang. That month Fu Xiao of East Qinghe killed Han Zijie, administrator, seized the commandery, and rebelled. When an amnesty arrived, he then submitted.
58
冬十月戊辰，使持節、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、行青州事侯淵克東陽，斬刺史東萊王貴平，[17]傳首京師。
In the tenth month of winter, on wuchen day Hou Yuan, general of agile cavalry with bearer of the staff and full powers, bearer of ceremonial equal to the Three Excellencies with open office, and acting overseer of Qing province affairs, took East Yang; he beheaded Guiping, regional inspector and prince of Donglai, [17] and sent the head to the capital.
59
閏十二月癸巳，帝為宇文黑獺所害，時年二十五。
Intercalary twelfth month, on guisi day the emperor was slain by Yuwen Heita; he was twenty-five years old.
60
史臣曰：廣陵廢於前，中興廢於後，平陽猜惑，自絕宗廟。 普泰雅道居多，永熙悖德為甚。 是俱亡滅，天下所棄歟！
The historians say: Guangling was deposed first and the Restoration afterward; Pingyang grew suspicious and severed himself from the ancestral temples. Putai still observed much of the correct Way; Yongxi's perverse conduct was worse. Both alike perished—had all under heaven abandoned them?
61
校勘記
Collation notes
62
就除金紫光祿大夫百衲本、北本、汲本、殿本「就」作「執」，南本、局本作「就」。 按「執除」費解，今從南、局本。
Upon appointment as grandee of the golden crown and purple radiance: the Baina, Northern, Jibu, and Palace editions write "upon" as "hold"; the Southern and Bureau editions read "upon." Comment: "hold appointment" makes poor sense—the Southern and Bureau readings are followed here.
63
擒其尚書左僕射儀同三司雲麾將軍徐兗二州刺史劉相如卷九八蕭衍傳作「擒其雲麾將軍、徐兗二州刺史沈預，斬其宣猛將軍齊州刺史劉相如」。 這裏「徐兗二州刺史」下有脫文，致誤合為一人。 又僕射、儀同的品級很高，不當只加「雲麾」軍號，邊州刺史也不可能有此官銜。 必有誤。
They captured his left vice minister of the Secretariat, a palace attendant of the third rank and Cloud-Banner general who was governor of Xu and Yan provinces, Liu Xiangru. Juan 98 (Biography of Xiao Yan) has: they captured Cloud-Banner general and governor of Xu and Yan Shen Yu, and beheaded Superlative Fierce general and governor of Qi Liu Xiangru. Text is missing after "governor of Xu and Yan provinces," which wrongly merges two men into one. A vice minister and palace attendant of the third rank are exalted posts; they cannot be reduced to the Cloud-Banner military title alone, and a frontier prefect could not bear such a combination of offices. The passage must be corrupt.
64
以侍中太保開府尚書令樂平王尒朱世隆為儀同三師諸本「師」作「司」。 按世隆已官「開府」，豈有加「儀同三司」之理。 卷七五尒朱世隆傳稱：「前廢帝特置儀同三師之官，次上公之下，以世隆為之。」 這裏「司」乃「師」之訛，今據傳改正。
Erzhu Shilong, prince of Leping, already palace attendant, grand guardian, and chief minister with an open office, was made palace attendant of the third mentor rank; every edition writes "mentor" (shi) as "rank" (si). Shilong already held an open office; he could not also receive the ordinary palace attendant of the third rank. Juan 75 (Biography of Erzhu Shilong) says the Former Deposed Emperor created a special post of third-rank mentor, below the three dukes, and gave it to Shilong: Here "rank" (si) is a corruption of "mentor" (shi); the biography is followed.
65
二年春三月齊獻武王敗尒朱天光等於韓陵北史卷五「三月」作「閏二月」。 按本年 〈五三二〉 閏三月。 韓陵之戰在閏三月，歷見本卷下面後廢帝紀、北史卷六齊本紀，這裏「三月」上脫「閏」字，北史則「三」訛「二」。
In year 2, spring, third month, the Duke of Qi, Filial and Martial King, defeated Erzhu Tianguang and others at Hanling; Beishi juan 5 has "intercalary second month" instead of "third month." For that year 〈532 CE〉 there was an intercalary third month. Hanling fell in the intercalary third month, as repeated below in this juan (Former Deposed Emperor annal) and in Beishi juan 6 (Qi basic annals). Here "intercalary" dropped before "third month"; Beishi further changed "three" to "two."
66
鎮東將軍張森楷云：「上文已書『鎮東』，此不應復為鎮東，前廢帝紀作『征東』，是也。 『鎮』字涉上而誤。」
Zhang Senkai notes: "Pacification-East was already written above; this line should not repeat it. The Former Deposed Emperor annal's Campaign-East is correct. The word 'Pacification' was copied down from the earlier line by mistake."
67
侍中驃騎大將軍開府儀同三司清河王亶儀同三師諸本「師」訛「司」。 據卷七五尒朱世隆傳改正。 參本卷校記 〈三〉。
Prince of Qinghe Dan, already palace attendant, rapid-as-lightning cavalry general, and chief minister with an open office, was made palace attendant of the third mentor rank; all editions corrupt "mentor" to "rank." Emended from juan 75 (Biography of Erzhu Shilong). See the collation note in this juan 〈note 3〉
68
夏州徙民郭遷據宥州反刺史元嶷棄城走錢氏考異卷二八云：「宥非州名，通鑑卷一五五 〈四八二六頁〉 作青州，當從之。」 按本書卷一六常山王遵附元嶷傳、北齊書卷一九蔡儁傳，元嶷這時是兗州刺史，動亂發生在兗州。 「宥州」果然是訛文，通鑑作「青州」也無據，郭遷所據之州應作「兗州」。
Guo Qian of the Xia-province migrants seized You province and rebelled; Governor Yuan Ni abandoned the city and fled. Qian's Examining Differences (juan 28) says, "You is not a province name; Zizhi tongjian juan 155 〈p. 4826〉 has Qing province, which should be adopted." This book juan 16 (Prince of Changshan Zun, appendix on Yuan Ni) and Beiqishu juan 19 (Cai Jun) place Yuan Ni as governor of Yan province when the revolt broke out there. "You province" is plainly wrong, and Tongjian's "Qing province" is equally unsupported; Guo Qian's base should read Yan province.
69
以侍中驃騎大將軍封隆之諸本「隆」作「陰」。 按當時並無「封陰之」其人，錢氏考異卷二八云：「『陰之』當是『隆之』之訛。」 錢說是，今改正。
Feng Longzhi was made palace attendant and rapid-as-lightning cavalry general; every edition writes "Long" as "Yin." No Feng Yinzhi existed then. Qian's Examining Differences (juan 28) says "Yinzhi" is a corruption of "Longzhi." Qian is right; the text is emended accordingly.
70
以司空公高乾邕為使持節驃騎大將軍開府儀同三司張森楷云：「『儀同三司』下當有『徐州刺史』四字脫去，下文及高乾傳 〈北齊書卷二一〉 可證。」
Gao Ganyu, minister of works, was made commissioner with full powers, rapid-as-lightning cavalry general, chief minister with an open office, and palace attendant of the third rank. Zhang Senkai says the four words "governor of Xu province" dropped out after "palace attendant of the third rank," as the following passage and the Biography of Gao Gan 〈Beiqishu juan 21〉 confirm."
71
以使持節都督河渭部三州諸軍事錢氏考異卷二八云：「部非州名，恐是『鄯』字之訛。」
As commissioner with full powers commanding the He, Wei, and Bu three provinces: Qian's Examining Differences (juan 28) notes that Bu is not a province name and is probably a corruption of Shan.
72
侍中太尉公南陽王寶炬為太尉開府尚書令北史卷五下「太尉」作「太保」。 按寶炬先已為太尉，豈有以太尉升太尉之理，「尉」字必誤。
Bao Ju, duke of Nanyang, palace attendant and grand master, was made grand guardian, chief minister with an open office, and palace attendant; Beishi juan 5, part 2, writes "grand master" as "grand guardian." Bao Ju was already grand master; he could not be promoted from grand master to grand master—the title "master" must be mistaken.
73
以使持節鎮北將軍大都督秦州刺史万俟普撥為驃騎大將軍儀同三司諸本「秦」作「泰」。 按万俟普撥是秦州刺史，歷見周書卷一文帝紀下永熙三年 〈五三四〉 二月、同書卷二文帝紀下大統二年 〈五三六〉 五月、北史卷六齊紀上天平三年 〈五三六〉 二月、北齊書卷二七万俟普撥傳補。 當時有兩秦州，一治上邽，此州自永安三年 〈五三０〉 變亂軍被鎮壓後，侯莫陳悅、趙貴、李弼、念賢等相繼為刺史 〈見周書卷一四、卷一五諸人傳。〉 又一是魏末置於汧城的東秦州。 本書卷九肅宗紀孝昌三年記東秦州刺史潘義淵以汧城降變亂軍。 太平寰宇記卷三二隴州條歷記沿革。 万俟普撥當是東秦州刺史。 北史卷六齊本紀、北齊書卷二七万俟普撥傳都說高歡平夏州後，万俟普撥率眾投奔東魏。 此「秦州」與夏州相近。 泰州近在河東，情事不合。 這裏「泰」乃「秦」之訛，今改正。
Moqi Pubo, commissioner with full powers, pacification-north general, commander-in-chief, and governor of Qin province, was made rapid-as-lightning cavalry general and palace attendant of the third rank; all editions write Qin as Tai. Moqi Pubo was governor of Qin province, attested repeatedly in Zhoushu juan 1 (Annals of Emperor Wen, part 2), Yongxi year 3 〈534 CE〉 second month; Zhoushu juan 2 (same annals, part 2), Datong year 2 〈536 CE〉 fifth month; Beishi juan 6 (Qi annals, part 1), Tianping year 3 〈536 CE〉 second month; and Beiqishu juan 27 (Biography of Moqi Pubo, supplement). Two Qin provinces existed then. One, with its seat at Shanggui, from Yongan year 3 〈530 CE〉 after the rebel army was crushed, had Hou Mochen Yue, Zhao Gui, Li Bi, Nian Xian, and others as governors in turn 〈(see Zhoushu juan 14 and juan 15, their biographies).〉 The other was Eastern Qin, set up late in Wei at Qian city. Juan 9 here (Annals of Emperor Suzong, Xiaochang year 3) records Eastern Qin governor Pan Yiyuan surrendering Qian city to the rebels. Taiping huanyu ji, juan 32 (Long prefecture), traces the administrative shifts. Moqi Pubo must have governed Eastern Qin. Beishi juan 6 (Qi basic annals) and Beiqishu juan 27 (Moqi Pubo) both say that after Gao Huan pacified Xia province, Moqi Pubo led his forces into Eastern Wei. That Qin lay close to Xia province. Tai province stood near Hedong and does not suit the narrative. Tai here is a corruption of Qin; emended accordingly.
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進爵郡王北史卷五「王」作「公」。 按卷一０一高昌傳也作「公」。 這是由縣伯進封郡公，非指高昌王號。 作「公」是。
His rank was advanced to prince of a commandery; Beishi juan 5 writes "prince" (wang) as "duke" (gong). Juan 101 (Biography of Gaocang) likewise has "duke." The promotion was from county marquis to commandery duke, not the kingship of Gaocang. "Duke" is the correct reading.
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以驃騎將軍左衞將軍元斌之為潁川王諸本「川」作「昌」。 張森楷云：「北史 〈卷五〉 作『潁川』。 據本書安樂王傳 〈卷二０‧補〉 、北齊書神武紀 〈卷二‧補〉 、周書文帝紀 〈卷二〉 並作『潁川』，則『昌』字誤也。」 按北魏無「潁昌郡」，「昌」字誤，今據北史改。
Yuan Binzhi, rapid-as-lightning cavalry general and left guard general, was made duke of Yingchuan; every edition writes "chuan" as "chang." Zhang Senkai notes: "Beishi 〈juan 5〉 has 'Yingchuan.' This book's Biography of the Prince of Anle 〈juan 20, supplement〉 Beiqishu (Annals of the Divine Warrior) 〈juan 2, supplement〉 and Zhoushu (Annals of Emperor Wen) 〈juan 2〉 all read Yingchuan, so 'chang' is wrong." Northern Wei had no Yingchang commandery; "chang" is erroneous and is emended from Beishi.
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太原王昶特為車騎大將軍按本書記升遷從無「特為」的寫法，「特」字疑涉下「越肱特」而衍。
Wang Chang, prince of Taiyuan, was specially made rapid-as-lightning cavalry general. This book never uses "specially made" in promotion formulas; "specially" probably drifted down from the phrase "Yue Gong te" below and should be deleted.
77
己酉椿黨毛鴻賓守潼關齊獻武王破擒之按北史卷六齊本紀上，高歡攻下潼關在八月，還至洛陽在九月庚寅，周書卷一文帝紀上、北史卷九周本紀上也說高歡襲陷潼關在八月。 又據北史魏紀五又說九月己酉是元脩反攻潼關，又克華州之日。 疑這裏記月日皆有誤。
On jiyou, Mao Hongbin of Chun's faction held Tong Pass until the Duke of Qi, Filial and Martial King, stormed it and captured him. Beishi juan 6 (Qi basic annals, part 1) puts Gao Huan's capture of Tong Pass in the eighth month and his return to Luoyang on ninth-month gengyin; Zhoushu juan 1 (Annals of Emperor Wen, part 1) and Beishi juan 9 (Zhou basic annals, part 1) likewise date his seizure of the pass to the eighth month. Beishi, Wei annals part 5, moreover makes ninth-month jiyou the day Yuan Xiu counterattacked Tong Pass and retook Hua province. The month and day given here are probably both wrong.
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行青州事侯淵克東陽斬刺史東萊王貴平諸本「東陽」作「東揚 〈一作楊〉 州」。 按卷一九下安定王休附元貴平傳說他出帝時「出為青州刺史」，為侯淵所害。 卷八０侯淵傳敍此事甚詳。 貴平乃青州刺史，侯淵攻取的也是青州。 據卷一０六地形志中，青州治東陽。 這裏本作「克東陽」，「陽」訛「楊」或「揚」，後人又妄增「州」字，今改正。
Hou Yuan, acting on Qing province affairs, took Dongyang and beheaded Governor Prince of Donglai Gui Ping; all editions miscopy Dongyang as Dong Yang or Dongyang province 〈alternate reading Yang〉 province." Juan 19, part 2 (Prince of Anding Xiu, appendix on Yuan Guiping) says that under Emperor Chu he "went out as governor of Qing province" and was killed by Hou Yuan. Juan 80 (Biography of Hou Yuan) tells the episode at length. Guiping governed Qing province, and Hou Yuan's target was Qing province. Juan 106 (Monograph on Geography, part 2) places the seat of Qing province at Dongyang. The original line read "took Dongyang"; yang was miscopied as Yang or as the homophone for "to raise," and later copyists wrongly inserted "province"; all three errors are corrected here.