1
衛操莫含劉庫仁
Biographies of Wei Cao, Mo Han, and Liu Kuren
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衞操，字德元，代人也。 少通俠，有才略。 晉征北將軍衞瓘以操為牙門將，數使於國，頗自結附。 始祖崩後，與從子雄及其宗室鄉親姬澹等十數人，同來歸國，說桓穆二帝招納晉人，於是晉人附者稍眾。 桓帝嘉之，以為輔相，任以國事。 及劉淵、石勒之亂，勸桓帝匡助晉氏。 東瀛公司馬騰聞而善之，表加將號。 稍遷至右將軍，封定襄侯。
Wei Cao, whose style was Deyuan, came from Dai. As a young man he lived by the code of the knight-errant and showed both talent and strategic mind. Jin's General Who Pacifies the North, Wei Guan, appointed Cao gate officer and often sent him on missions to the Dai state, where Cao gradually built ties of his own. When the founding ancestor passed away, Cao came home with his nephew Xiong and a dozen-odd kinsmen and neighbors, among them Ji Dan, and urged the Huan and Mu emperors to welcome Jin subjects. From then on Jin adherents grew steadily in number. Emperor Huan approved and named him chief minister, charging him with the affairs of the realm. When Liu Yuan and Shi Le threw the north into rebellion, he pressed Emperor Huan to stand with the house of Jin. Sima Teng of the Eastern Garrison command, hearing this, praised the policy and memorialized the throne to grant Cao further military rank. He rose in stages to Right General and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Dingxiang.
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桓帝崩後，操立碑於大邗城南，[1]以頌功德，云：「魏，軒轅之苗裔。」 言：桓穆二帝「馳名域外，九譯宗焉。 治國御眾，威禁大行。 聲著華裔，齊光純靈。 智深謀遠，窮幽極明，治則清斷，沉浮得情。 仁如春陽，威若秋零。 強不淩弱，隱恤孤煢。 道教仁行，化而不刑。 國無姦盜，路有頌聲。 自西訖東，變化無形。 威武所向，下無交兵。 南壹王室，北服丁零。 招諭六狄，咸來歸誠。 超前絕後，致此有成。 奉承晉皇，扞禦邊疆。 王室多難，天網弛綱。 豪心遠濟，靡離其殃。 歲翦逆命，姦盜豺狼。 永安元年，歲次甲子。 姦黨猶逆，東西狼跱。 敢逼天王，兵甲屢起。 怙眾肆暴，虐用將士。 鄴洛遘隙，棄親求疏。 乃招暴類，屠各匈奴。 劉淵姦賊，結黨同呼。 敢擊并土，殺害無辜。 殘破狼籍，城邑丘墟。 交刃千里，長蛇塞塗。 晉道應天，言展良謨。 使持節、平北將軍、并州刺史、護匈奴中郎將、東瀛公司馬騰，才神絕世，規略超遠。 時逢多難，懼損皇祀。 欲引兵駕，獫狁孔熾。 造設權策，濟難奇思。 欲招外救，朝臣莫應。 高算獨斷，決謀盟意。 爰命外國，引軍內備。 簡賢選士，命茲良使。 遣參軍壺倫、牙門中行嘉、義陽亭侯衞謨、協義亭侯衞鞬等，馳奉檄書，至晉陽城。」
After Emperor Huan's death, Cao set up a monument south of Da Hang and [1], to hymn his achievements, began: "The Wei are offspring of the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan." Of the Huan and Mu emperors it reads: "Their renown rides beyond the frontier; peoples of nine interpreters bow to them. In ruling the realm and commanding the people, their majesty and law ran everywhere. Their name shone among the Chinese lineages and matched the light of highest spirit. Deep in wisdom, far in counsel, they sounded the dark and touched the farthest light; in rule they were lucid and decisive, and in fortune's turns they read the truth of each case. Their grace was the spring sun; their sternness, autumn frost. The mighty did not crush the meek; they sheltered orphans and the forsaken. The Way they taught was humane action; they changed hearts without the lash. No traitor or thief walked the land; along the roads people sang their praise. From west to east their influence shifted like formless change. Where their arms pointed, no foe dared meet them in the field. To the south they upheld the imperial house; to the north they brought the Dingling to heel. They called and taught the six Di peoples, and all returned in good faith. Outdoing the past and unmatched thereafter, they brought this triumph into being. They served the Jin sovereign and held the marches against invasion. The imperial house knew many calamities; the net of heaven hung loose. With heroic hearts they aided from afar and would not abandon Jin in its ruin. Each year they struck down rebellion; traitors and bandits prowled like wolves. In the first year of Yong'an, the cycle stood at jiazi. The rebel clique still defied the throne; east and west, foes crouched like wolves. They dared harry the Son of Heaven; war flared up time after time. Trusting their numbers, they rampaged and abused officers and men. Ye and Luoyang split in discord; they forsook their own to court strangers. Then they called in savage allies: the Tuge and the Xiongnu. Liu Yuan the renegade joined their faction and shouted with one voice. They dared strike into Bing and slaughter the innocent. Devastation spread like trampled fields; towns were heaped into rubble. For a thousand li blades crossed; a long serpent of war choked the highways. Jin's mandate answered heaven; its counsel opened sound designs. Sima Teng of the Eastern Garrison command—Bearer of the Staff, General Who Pacifies the North, Inspector of Bing, Protector of the Xiongnu—was a genius without peer, his designs reaching beyond the horizon. Disaster piled upon disaster; he feared the altars of Jin would fall. He meant to march out with his host, but the northern Xianyun raged fierce. He forged expedients and strange counsel to break the siege of calamity. He sought aid from beyond the court, but no minister at court would answer. Alone he weighed the heights and fixed the plan of alliance. Then he charged the outer state to bring its armies in as a reserve within. He chose the able and picked knights and named them bearers of this charge. He dispatched Staff Officer Hu Lun, gate officer Zhonghang Jia, Marquis of Yiyang Ting Wei Mo, Marquis of Xieyi Ting Wei Jian, and others to race the imperial summons to Jinyang."
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又稱：桓穆二帝「心在宸極。 輔相二衞，對揚毗翼。 操展文謀，雄奮武烈。 承命會議，諮論奮發。 昔桓文匡佐，功著周室。 顯名載籍，列賞備物。 大眾迴動，熙同靈集。 興軍百萬，期不經日。 兄弟齊契，決勝廟算。 鼓譟南征，平夷險難。」
Again of the Huan and Mu emperors: "Their hearts clung to the imperial pole. The two Wei ministers stood as paired wings to lift the throne. Cao laid out plans in letters; Xiong flamed in deeds of war. Ordered to council, they debated with fire in their speech. Of old Duke Huan of Qi had aided the throne, and his merit shone in the annals of Zhou. His fame filled the records; rewards and gifts were heaped upon him. The great army wheeled into motion; glory gathered as though spirits had convened. They mustered a million men, promising victory within a day. Brothers bound in one oath, they settled victory in the war council of the temple. With drums and battle-cry they marched south and smoothed away danger and hardship."
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又云：二帝到鎮，「言若合符。 引接款密，信義不渝。 會盟汾東，銘篆丹書。 永世奉承，慎終如初。 契誓命將，精銳先驅。 南救涅縣，東解壽陽。 窘迫之邑，幽而復光。 太原、西河，樂平、上黨，遽遭寇暴，白骨交橫。 羯賊肆虐，六郡凋傷。 羣惡相應，圖及華堂。 旌旗輕指，羯黨破喪。 遣騎十萬，前臨淇漳。 鄴遂振潰，凶逆奔亡。 軍據州南，曜鋒太行。 翼衞內外，鎮靜四方。 志在竭力，奉戴天王。 忠恕用暉，外動亦攘。 [2]於是曜武，振旅而旋。 長路匪夷，出入經年。 毫毛不犯，百姓稱傳。 周覽載籍，自古及今。 未聞外域，奔救內患。 棄家憂國，以危易安。 惟公遠略，臨難能權。 應天順人，恩德素宣。 和戎靜朔，危邦復存。」
It adds: when the two emperors took the field, "their words matched like split tally-sticks. They received each other in close trust; faith and duty never wavered. They swore alliance east of the Fen and cut the oath in vermilion on stone. To serve forever; to guard the bond at the end as at the beginning. The sworn pact set the generals marching; picked warriors rode in the van. Southward they relieved Nie; eastward they broke the siege of Shouyang. Cities that had sunk into darkness burned bright again. Taiyuan, Xihe, Leping, and Shangdang were suddenly ravaged; the dead lay in crossed heaps of bone. Jie raiders ran riot; six commanderies were laid waste. Evil men answered one another in crowds; their plot aimed at the throne room itself. At a light signal of banners the Jie hosts shattered and fell. Ten thousand horsemen were sent ahead to the banks of the Qi and Zhang. Ye shook apart and collapsed; the traitors fled in rout. The army held the southern commanderies; their bright spears pointed at the Taihang. They shielded the realm within and without and stilled the four quarters. Their will was to spend their last strength upholding the Son of Heaven. Loyalty and forbearance lit the age; stirred from without, they drove the foe back as well. [2] Then they flaunted their arms, rallied the columns, and marched home. The road was long and strange; their going and coming spanned a year. Not a hair of the people was harmed; folk praised them on every tongue. They searched the loaded annals from antiquity to their own day. Never had they read of a border people racing inward to save an imperial crisis. They left their homes and grieved for the realm, trading peril for peace. Only the lord's far sight—in hardship he still held authority. He answered heaven and followed the people; grace and virtue had long been proclaimed. He made peace with the Rong and stilled the north; the realm in peril lived again."
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又云：桓帝經濟，「存亡繼絕。 荒服是賴，祚存不輟。 金龜簫鼓，軺蓋殊制。 反及二代，莫與同列。 并域嘉歎，北國感榮。 各竭其心，思揚休名。 刊石紀功，圖像存形。 靡輟享祀，饗以犧牲。 永垂于後，沒有餘靈。 長存不朽，延於億齡。」
Again of Emperor Huan's rule: "He preserved the dying line and continued what had been severed. The far marches leaned on him; the throne endured unbroken. Golden tortoise insignia, reed-pipes and drums, light carriages and marks of special honor. Looking back through two dynasties, none shared his rank. Bing province sighed in praise; the northern lands felt his glory. Each gave his whole heart, eager to lift his noble name. They carved stone to record his deeds; painted images kept his likeness. Sacrifice never ceased; victims were set before him in feast. His fame was handed down forever; in death no shade of him was lost. He endures undying; his glory stretches through ages beyond counting."
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皇興初，雍州別駕雁門段榮於大邗掘得此碑，文雖非麗，事宜載焉，故錄於傳。
Early in the Huangxing era, Duan Rong of Yanmen, assistant administrator of Yong province, unearthed this stele at Da Hang. The writing is not elegant, but the events deserve record, and so they are set down here in the biography.
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桓穆二帝並禮重操。 穆帝三年卒。 始操所與宗室鄉親入國者：衞懃，安樂亭侯； 衞崇、衞清，並都亭侯； 衞泥、段繁，並信義將軍、都亭侯； 王發，建武將軍、都亭侯； 范班，折衝將軍、廣武亭侯； 賈慶，建武將軍、上洛亭侯； 賈循，都亭侯； 李壹，關中侯； 郭乳，關內侯。 皆為桓帝所表授也。 六脩之難，存者多隨劉琨任子遵南奔。 衞雄、姬澹、莫含等名，皆見碑。
Both Emperor Huan and Emperor Mu treated Cao with high ceremonial honor. He died in the third year of Emperor Mu. Those who had first entered the state with Cao among his kinsmen and neighbors included Wei Qin, Marquis of Anle Ting; Wei Chong and Wei Qing were both enfeoffed as Marquises of Du Ting; Wei Ni and Duan Fan held the rank of General of Trust and Righteousness and were Marquises of Du Ting; Wang Fa was made General Who Establishes Martial Might and Marquis of Du Ting; Fan Ban held the rank of General Who Breaks the Enemy and Marquis of Guangwu; Jia Qing was General Who Establishes Martial and Marquis of Shangluo; Jia Xun held commandery marquis rank; Li Yi was enfeoffed Marquis of Guanzhong; Guo Ru held the title Marquis Within the Passes. Each had received rank and title from Emperor Huan's commendations. After the Six Xiu disaster, most survivors fled south with Ren Ziyun, Liu Kun's designated heir. Wei Xiong, Ji Dan, Mo Han, and others are all named on the monument.
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雄字世遠，澹字世雅，並勇健多計畫，晉世州從事。 既與衞操俱入國，桓帝壯其膂力，並以為將，常隨征伐，大著威名。 桓帝之赴難也，表晉列其勳效，皆拜將軍。 雄連有戰功，稍遷至左將軍、雲中侯。 澹亦以勇績著名，桓帝末，至信義將軍、樓煩侯。 穆帝初，並見委任。 衞操卒後，俱為左右輔相。
Xiong styled himself Shiyuan and Dan Shiya; both were bold, resourceful men who had served as provincial aides under the Jin. When they entered the realm with Wei Cao, Emperor Huan was impressed by their strength and made them generals; they fought at his side on campaign after campaign and won a towering reputation. When Emperor Huan marched to the rescue, he reported their deeds to the Jin court and secured general's commissions for them all. Xiong piled victory on victory until he rose to Left General and Marquis of Yunzhong. Dan likewise became famous for martial feats; by the close of Emperor Huan's reign he held General of Faith and Righteousness and Marquis of Loufan. Early in Emperor Mu's reign both were again given weighty trust. After Wei Cao's death they served together as the left and right hands of government.
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六脩之逆，國內大亂，新舊猜嫌，迭相誅戮。 雄、澹並為羣情所附，謀欲南歸，言於眾曰：「聞諸舊人忌新人悍戰，欲盡殺之，吾等不早為計，恐無種矣。」 晉人及烏丸驚懼，皆曰：「死亡隨二將軍。」 於是雄、澹與劉琨任子遵率烏丸、晉人數萬眾而叛。 琨聞之大悅，率數百騎馳如平城撫納之。 會石勒攻琨樂平，太守韓據請救於琨。 琨以得雄、澹之眾，欲因其銳，以滅石勒。 雄、澹諫曰：「亂民飢疲，未可便用，宜休息觀釁而動。」 琨不從，使雄、澹率眾討勒，琨屯廣牧為之聲援。 勒率輕騎與雄、澹戰，澹大敗，率騎千餘，奔于代郡。 勒遣孔萇追滅之。
The Six Xiu revolt threw the realm into chaos; old settlers and new allies eyed one another with suspicion and killed in waves. The crowd rallied to Xiong and Dan; they planned a southern flight and told the assembly, "We hear the old faction hates how fiercely the newcomers fight and intends to wipe them out. Unless we act now, our line will end." Jin subjects and Wuhuan alike were terrified and cried, "We live or die with these two generals." Then Xiong and Dan, with Ren Ziyun, Liu Kun's heir, led tens of thousands of Wuhuan and Jin followers into open revolt. Liu Kun was overjoyed at the news and raced to Pingcheng with a few hundred horsemen to welcome and settle them. Just then Shi Le struck Liu Kun at Le'ping; the prefect Han Ju begged Liu Kun for relief. Liu Kun, now reinforced by Xiong and Dan's troops, meant to hurl that fresh strength against Shi Le and destroy him. Xiong and Dan urged caution: "These men are hungry, exhausted rebels—not yet fit to throw into battle. Rest them, watch for an opening, then strike." Liu Kun refused. He sent Xiong and Dan against Le while he held Guangmu to back them. Shi Le met them with light cavalry; Dan was routed and fled north with a thousand riders into Dai. Le sent Kong Chang in pursuit to finish him off.
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莫含，雁門繁畤人也。 家世貨殖，貲累巨萬。 劉琨為并州，辟含從事。 含居近塞下，常往來國中。 穆帝愛其才器，善待之。 及為代王，備置官屬，求含於琨。 琨遣入國，含心不願。 琨諭之曰：「當今胡寇滔天，泯滅諸夏，百姓流離，死亡塗地，主上幽執，沉溺醜虜。 唯此一州，介在羣胡之間，以吾薄德，能自存立者，賴代王之力。 是以傾身竭寶，長子遠質，覬滅殘賊，報雪大耻。 卿為忠節，亦是奮義之時，何得苟惜共事之小誠，以忘出身之大益。 入為代王腹心，非但吾願，亦一州所賴。」 含乃入代，參國官。 後琨徙五縣之民於陘南，含家獨留。 含甚為穆帝所重，常參軍國大謀。 卒於左將軍、關中侯。 其故宅在桑乾川南，世稱莫含壁，或音訛，謂之莫回城云。
Mo Han came from Fanzhi in Yanmen. His family had traded for generations and piled up wealth beyond counting. When Liu Kun governed Bingzhou he took Han on as an aide. Han lived near the border and often traveled into the Tuoba realm. Emperor Mu admired his ability and treated him generously. When he became Prince of Dai he formed a full court and asked Liu Kun to send Han to him. Liu Kun sent him, but Han's heart was not in the move. Liu Kun reasoned with him: "Barbarian armies now cover the sky and are snuffing out the Chinese realms; the people wander homeless, the roads are heaped with dead, and our emperor languishes in the hands of savage captors. Only this province still stands amid the barbarian tide; that I survive at all on my meager merit is because the Prince of Dai upholds me. I have poured out my person and my wealth, sent my eldest son away as hostage, and staked everything on crushing the remnant enemy and avenging the realm's disgrace. You are a man of loyalty; this is the hour to act on it. How can you cling to a petty tie of service and forget the far greater good of stepping forward? To enter and become the prince's trusted confidant is not only my wish—it is what our whole province depends on." Han at last entered Dai and joined the government. Later Liu Kun relocated five counties' people south of the Xing Mountains; Han's family alone stayed behind. Emperor Mu held him in the highest regard and kept him at the heart of military and civil strategy. He died holding Left General and Marquis of Guanzhong. His old house stood south of the Sanggan River; people still call the place Mo Han's Rampart—or, in a corrupted pronunciation, Mo Hui City.
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子顯，知名於時。 昭成世，為左常侍。
His son Xian won renown in his own day. Under Emperor Zhaocheng he became Left Palace Attendant.
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顯子題，亦有策謀。 太祖使題與將軍王建等三軍，討慕容寶廣寧太守劉亢埿，斬之。 徙亢埿部落于平城。 寶上谷太守驎，捐郡逃走，太祖追討，題為大將，別出東道。 以功賜爵東宛侯。 及還京師，常與李栗侍宴。 栗坐不敬獲罪，題亦被黜為濟陽太守。 後太祖欲廣宮室，規度平城四方數十里，將模鄴、洛、長安之制，運材數百萬根。 以題機巧，徵令監之。 召入，與論興造之宜。 題久侍頗怠，賜死。
Xian's son Ti was likewise a man of counsel. Taizu sent Ti with General Wang Jian and a three-wing army against Murong Bao's Guangning prefect Liu Kangqi and took his head. Kangqi's tribes were resettled at Pingcheng. Bao's Shanggu prefect Lin deserted his commandery and fled; Taizu pursued him; Ti was made grand general and took a separate eastern road. For his merit he was enfeoffed Marquis of Dongwan. Back at the capital he often shared the emperor's table with Li Li. Li was punished for disrespect at court; Ti was demoted as well, to administrator of Jiyang. Later Taizu planned to expand the palace quarter, surveyed dozens of li around Pingcheng, and meant to imitate Ye, Luoyang, and Chang'an; millions of timbers were hauled in. Ti's mechanical ingenuity won him summons to oversee the work. He was called in to debate the right scale and design of the build. After long attendance Ti grew careless in his duties and was put to death.
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題弟雲，好學善射。 太祖時，常典選曹，轉給事中。 以功賜爵安德侯。 遷執金吾，常參軍國謀議。 世祖之克赫連昌，詔雲與常山王素留鎮統萬。 進爵安定公，加平西將軍，後遷鎮西大將軍。 時初并河西，人心未一，雲撫慰新舊，皆得其所。 神䴥中卒，諡曰敬公。
Ti's younger brother Yun loved books and excelled at the bow. Under Taizu he ran the Selection Bureau and later became palace attendant. For merit he was enfeoffed Marquis of Ande. He rose to Commandant of Cavalry and sat in on every major counsel of war and state. When Shizu took Helian Chang, he ordered Yun and Prince Su of Changshan to hold Tongwan. He was raised to Duke of Anding and General Who Pacifies the West, then to Grand General Who Guards the West. The Hexi had only just been absorbed and loyalties were still divided; Yun soothed old subjects and new until each settled where he belonged. He died in the Shenju era and was posthumously titled Duke Reverent.
15
劉庫仁，本字沒根，劉虎之宗也，一名洛垂。 少豪爽，有智略。 母平文皇帝之女。 昭成皇帝復以宗女妻之，為南部大人。
Liu Kuren, whose original name was Meigen, belonged to the house of Liu Hu and was also called Lo Chui. As a young man he was open-handed and bold, with a strategist's mind. His mother was born a princess of Emperor Pingwen's house. Emperor Zhaocheng married him to another royal clanswoman and made him southern grandee.
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建國三十九年，昭成暴崩，太祖未立，苻堅以庫仁為陵江將軍、關內侯，令與衞辰分國部眾而統之。 自河以西屬衞辰，自河以東屬庫仁。 於是獻明皇后攜太祖及衞秦二王自賀蘭部來居焉。 庫仁盡忠奉事，不以興廢易節，撫納離散，恩信甚彰。
In Jianguo year 39 Emperor Zhaocheng died suddenly before Taizu could be enthroned; Fu Jian made Liu Kuren General Who Commands the River and Marquis Within the Passes and set him with Wei Chen to divide and govern the tribal following. West of the river fell to Wei Chen; east of the river to Liu Kuren. Then Empress Dowager Xianming brought Taizu and the Wei and Qin princes from the Helan tribe to live under Kuren's protection. Liu Kuren served him with unwavering loyalty, never shifting with fortune's turns; he gathered the scattered and won them with grace, and his trustworthiness was plain to all.
17
苻堅進庫仁廣武將軍，給幢麾鼓蓋，儀比諸侯。 處衞辰在庫仁之下。 衞辰怒，殺堅五原太守而叛，攻庫仁西部。 庫仁又伐衞辰破之，追至陰山西北千餘里，獲其妻子，盡收其眾。 庫仁西征庫狄部，大獲畜產，徙其部落，置之桑乾川。 苻堅賜庫仁妻公孫氏，厚其資送。 庫仁又詣堅，加庫仁振威將軍。
Fu Jian promoted him to General of Guangwu and granted the insignia of banner, canopy, drums, and parasol, with ceremony equal to a feudal lord. Wei Chen was ranked beneath Liu Kuren. Wei Chen flew into rage, murdered Fu Jian's administrator of Wuyuan, rebelled, and struck Liu Kuren's western lands. Liu Kuren counterattacked, broke Wei Chen, and chased him more than a thousand li beyond Yin Mountain, seizing his family and absorbing his entire following. He marched west against the Kudi, captured vast herds, relocated the tribe, and planted them along the Sanggan. Fu Jian gave Liu Kuren's wife the surname Gongsun and loaded her with gifts. Liu Kuren went again to Fu Jian's court and was raised to General Who Quells Might.
18
後慕容垂圍苻丕于鄴，又遣將平規攻堅幽州刺史王永于薊，庫仁自以受堅爵命，遣妻兄公孫希率騎三千，助永擊規，大破之，阬規降卒五千餘人。 乘勝長驅，進據唐城，與垂子麟相持。 庫仁聞希破規，復將大舉以救丕。 發雁門、上谷、代郡兵，次於繁畤。 先是，慕容文等當徙長安，遁依庫仁部，常思東歸，其計無由。 至是役也，知人不樂，文等乃夜率三郡人，攻庫仁。 庫仁匿於馬廐，文執殺之。 乘其駿馬，奔慕容垂。 公孫希聞亂，自唐城走於丁零。
When Murong Chui besieged Fu Pi at Ye and sent Ping Gui against Fu Jian's Youzhou inspector Wang Yong at Ji, Liu Kuren—still loyal to the titles Fu Jian had given him—sent his brother-in-law Gongsun Xi with three thousand horse to help Yong rout Gui and massacre more than five thousand of Gui's men who had surrendered. Riding the victory he drove deep, seized Tangcheng, and locked horns with Chui's son Lin. When Liu Kuren heard Xi had crushed Gui, he gathered a great army to relieve Fu Pi. He called up the forces of Yanmen, Shanggu, and Dai and camped at Fanzhi. Earlier Murong Wen and others, slated for resettlement in Chang'an, had taken refuge with Liu Kuren's tribe and longed to go east again but saw no way. On this campaign they saw how little love the levy inspired; Wen and his party struck by night, leading men of three commanderies against Liu Kuren. Liu Kuren hid in the stable; Wen seized him and killed him. They mounted his best horse and fled to Murong Chui. Gongsun Xi, hearing of the revolt, abandoned Tangcheng and fled to the Dingling.
19
庫仁弟眷，繼攝國事。 白部大人絜佛叛，[3]眷力不能討。 乃引苻堅并州刺史張蚝擊佛，破之。 眷又破賀蘭部于善無，又擊蠕蠕別帥肺渥于意親山，破之，獲牛羊數十萬頭。 眷第二子羅辰，性機警，有智謀，謂眷曰：「比來行兵，所向無敵，心腹之疾，願早圖之。」 眷曰：「誰也？」 曰：「從兄顯，忍人也，為亂非旦則夕耳。」 眷不以為意。 其後，徙牧于牛川，庫仁子顯，果殺眷而代立。 羅辰奔太祖，事在外戚傳。
Liu Kuren's younger brother Juan stepped in to govern the tribes. Jiefu, grandee of the White Division, rebelled, [3] and Juan lacked the force to crush him. He called in Fu Jian's Bingzhou inspector Zhang Hao, who defeated Jiefu. Juan next routed the Helan at Shanwu and struck the Rouran sub-chief Feiwo at Yiqin Mountain, taking hundreds of thousands of cattle and sheep. Juan's second son Luo Chen was quick-witted and full of counsel; he told Juan, "Our armies have known no defeat—but the sickness is within. We should deal with it now." Juan asked, "Who?" He answered, "Cousin Xian is ruthless. His revolt is only a matter of time." Juan paid no heed. Later, when the herds were moved to Niuchuan, Liu Kuren's son Xian murdered Juan and usurped his place. Luo Chen fled to Taizu; the fuller account stands in the biography of the empresses' kin.
20
顯，本名醜伐，既殺眷代立，又欲謀逆，語在太祖紀。 太祖即位，顯自善無南走馬邑。
Xian, whose birth name was Choufa, after killing Juan and seizing rule plotted treason as well; that story is told in Taizu's annals. When Taizu was enthroned, Xian fled south from Shanwu toward Mayi.
21
族人奴真領部來附。 奴真兄犍，先居賀蘭部。 至是，奴真請召犍而讓部焉。 太祖義而許之。 犍既領部，自以久託賀訥，德之，乃使弟去斤遺之金馬。 訥弟染干因謂之曰：「我待汝兄弟厚，汝今領部，宜來從我。」 去斤請之奴真。 奴真曰：「父為國家附臣，世効忠貞。 我志全名節，是故推讓。 今汝等無狀，乃欲叛主懷貳。」 於是殺犍及去斤。 染干聞其殺兄，率騎討之，奴真懼，徙部來奔太祖。 太祖自迎之，遣使責止染干。 奴真感恩，請奉妹充後宮，太祖納之。
Nuzhen, a kinsman of the line, brought his following in to submit. His elder brother Jian had long lived among the Helan. Now Nuzhen asked to call Jian in and turn the tribe over to him. Taizu, approving the act, allowed it. When Jian took command, he felt himself long beholden to He Ne and sent his brother Qujin with a gift of a golden horse. He Ne's brother Ran'gan told him, "I have been generous to you two; now that you lead a division, you should come over to my side." Qujin put the matter to Nuzhen. Nuzhen replied, "Our father was the state's man; our house has served with loyalty for generations. I meant to keep our name whole, and that is why I yielded the tribe. Now you act shamefully and would turn traitor with a double heart." He killed Jian and Qujin on the spot. Ran'gan, hearing his brother had been killed, led cavalry against him; Nuzhen in alarm moved his people to seek refuge with Taizu. Taizu rode out to meet him and sent envoys to rebuke Ran'gan and make him stop. Nuzhen, moved by the grace shown him, offered his younger sister to the inner palace, and Taizu took her.
22
後太祖討顯于馬邑，追至彌澤，大破之。 衞辰與慕容垂通好，送馬三千匹於垂，垂遣慕容良迎之。 顯擊敗良軍，掠馬而去。 垂怒，遣子麟、兄子楷討之，顯奔馬邑西山。 麟輕騎追之，遂奔慕容永於長子。 部眾悉降於麟，麟徙之中山。 顯弟亢埿，事在皇后傳。
Later Taizu attacked Liu Xian at Mayi, chased him to Mize, and broke him completely. Wei Chen was on good terms with Murong Chui and sent him three thousand horses; Chui sent Murong Liang to meet the herd. Liu Xian smashed Liang's force and drove off the horses. Chui in fury sent his son Lin and his brother's son Kai to punish him; Xian fled into the western hills of Mayi. Lin pressed him with light horse until he took refuge with Murong Yong at Changzi. His whole following submitted to Lin, and Lin moved them to Zhongshan. Liu Xian's brother Kang'ai is treated in the Empresses' biography.
23
史臣曰：始祖及桓、穆之世也，王迹初基，風德未展。 操、含託身馳驟之秋，自立功名之地，[4]可謂志識之士矣。 劉庫仁兄弟，忠以為心，盛衰不二，純節所存，其意蓋遠，而並貽非命，惜乎！
The historiographer writes: Under the Founding Ancestor and Emperors Huan and Mu, the royal work had barely begun and moral influence had not yet spread. Cao and Han threw themselves into the hurrying age of war and carved out a place of merit and renown, [4] — true men of purpose and sight. The Liu Kuren brothers took loyalty for their heart and did not shift between rise and fall; the pure constancy they kept looked far ahead — yet both died before their time. What a loss!
24
校勘記
Textual notes
25
操立碑於大邗城南錢氏考異卷三八云：「此傳載衞操所立碑……惜為史臣改竄，失其本真。 篇首云：『魏軒轅之苗裔。』 考其時未有魏號，以文義度之當云『鮮卑拓跋氏』也。 碑為猗㐌而立，必書晉所授官爵及猗㐌、猗盧二人名，篇乃稱『桓穆二帝』，亦史臣所改。」
Wei Cao set up a stele south of Dahang city. In Qian's Textual Notes, juan 38, we read that this chapter preserves his inscription in full, yet the historiographers mangled the record and the authentic text was lost. The opening line runs, 'Scion of the Yellow Emperor of Wei.' At that date there was no Wei designation yet; by sense it should read 'of the Xianbei Tuoba clan.' The stone was raised for Yiyi and must have named the Jin-bestowed offices and both Yiyi and Yilu; calling them 'the two emperors Huan and Mu' is another historiographer's change."
26
外動亦攘北史卷二０本傳「動」作「勳」。 按「外勳亦攘」，意為對外有攘患之功，碑末有「勳攘大患」句也是此意。 似作「勳」是。
"Outward campaigns also repelled": Northern History juan 20, this life, has dong (campaign) for xun (merit). Note: "outward merit also repelled" means merit in repelling foreign trouble; the stele's closing "merit that repelled the great scourge" is the same idea. Xun (merit) appears to be right.
27
白部大人絜佛叛諸本「白」作「曰」。 冊府卷三五二 〈四一八０頁〉 作「白」。 按卷一序紀力微之三十九年稱：「夏四月祭天，諸部君長悉來助祭，唯白部大人觀望不至。」 又猗盧之三年稱「白部大人叛入西河」。 「曰」字訛，今據冊府改。
"The Bai tribe's great chief Jiefo rebelled": editions read bai (Bai) as yue (say). Cefu, juan 352 〈folio 4180〉 has "Bai." Note: Annalistic Preface, juan 1, Liwei year 39: "Fourth month, summer sacrifice to Heaven; every division's chief came to assist — only the Bai tribe's great chief held back and did not attend. Yilu year 3 also says "the Bai tribe's great chief rebelled and entered Xihe." Yue is a corruption; emended per Cefu.
28
自立功名之地諸本無「名」字。 殿本考證云：「『功』字下北史 〈卷二０〉 有『名』字，應以彼為是。」 按「功名」與上「馳驟」對文，這裏脫「名」字，今據北史補。
"Carved out a place of merit and renown": editions omit ming (fame). Palace Edition textual notes: "After gong (merit), Northern History 〈juan 20〉 has ming; that text should stand. Note: "merit and fame" pairs with "hurrying" above; the word ming dropped here and is restored from the Northern History.