1
奚斤叔孫建
Xi Jin; Shusun Jian
2
奚斤，代人也，世典馬牧。 父簞，有寵於昭成皇帝。 時國有良馬曰「騧騮」，一夜忽失，求之不得。 後知南部大人劉庫仁所盜，養於窟室。 簞聞而馳往取馬，庫仁以國甥恃寵，慚而逆擊簞。 簞捽其髮落，傷其一乳。 及苻堅使庫仁與衞辰分領國部，簞懼，將家竄於民間。 庫仁求之急，簞遂西奔衞辰。 及太祖滅衞辰，簞晚乃得歸，故名位後於舊臣。
Xi Jin came from Dai. His line had for generations held charge of the imperial horse pastures. His father Dan had won favor with Emperor Zhaocheng. The realm then had a fine horse called Guamei. One night it vanished without warning, and an exhaustive search failed to find it. They later learned that Liu Kuren, chieftain of the southern region, had stolen it and was keeping it in a cave shelter. When Dan heard, he galloped off to recover the horse. Kuren, a royal kinsman who counted on imperial favor, was shamed—and struck back at Dan. Dan seized him, tore out a handful of his hair, and injured one of his breasts. When Fu Jian sent Kuren and Wei Chen to divide leadership of the state's tribes, Dan grew afraid and hid his household among the people. Kuren pressed the hunt hard, and Dan fled west to Wei Chen. Only after Taizu destroyed Wei Chen did Dan return—and late at that—so his rank and standing lagged behind the older ministers.
3
斤機敏，有識度。 登國初，與長孫肥等俱統禁兵。 後以斤為侍郎，親近左右。 從破慕容寶於參合。 皇始初，從征中原，以斤為征東長史，拜越騎校尉，典宿衞禁旅。 車駕還京師，博陵、勃海、章武諸郡，羣盜並起，所在屯聚，拒害長吏。 斤與略陽公元遵等率山東諸軍討平之。 從征高車諸部，大破之。 又破厙狄、宥連部，徙其別部諸落於塞南。 又進擊侯莫陳部，俘虜獲雜畜十餘萬，至大峨谷，置戍而還。 遷都水使者，出為晉兵將軍，幽州刺史，賜爵山陽侯。
Jin was quick-minded, with sound judgment and a keen eye for affairs. At the opening of the Dengguo era he joined Zhangsun Fei and others in commanding the palace guard. Jin was later made Attendant-in-Ordinary and kept near the throne. He marched when Murong Bao was broken at Canhe. When Huangshi opened, he joined the drive into the Central Plains. Jin was made chief clerk on the eastern campaign, named Colonel of Fast Cavalry, and charged with the palace guard and forbidden troops. As the imperial carriage returned to the capital, bandits rose together across Boling, Bohai, and Zhangwu, mustering wherever they could and killing or defying the local chiefs. Jin marched with Yuan Zun, Prince of Lueyang, and others at the head of the armies east of the mountains and put the revolt down. He joined campaigns against the Gaoche tribes and broke them decisively. He also smashed the Kudi and Youlian and relocated their subsidiary tribes and clans south of the frontier. Pressing on against the Houmochen, he took captives and more than a hundred thousand head of mixed livestock, reached Da'e Valley, posted garrisons, and withdrew. He was moved up to Commissioner of the Waterways, then sent out as General of Jin Troops and Governor of You Province, with the title Marquis of Shanyang.
4
太宗即位，為鄭兵將軍，循行州郡，問民疾苦。 章武民劉牙聚黨為亂，斤討平之。 詔以斤世忠孝，贈其父簞為長寧子。 太宗幸雲中，斤留守京師。 昌黎王慕容伯兒收合輕俠失志之徒李沈等三百餘人謀反，斤聞而召伯兒入天文殿東廡下，窮問款引，悉收其黨誅之。 詔與南平公長孫嵩等俱坐朝堂，錄決囚徒。 太宗大閱于東郊，治兵講武，以斤行左丞相。 大蒐於石會山。 車駕西巡，詔斤為先驅，討越勒部於鹿那山，[1]大破之，獲馬五萬匹，牛羊二十萬頭，徙二萬餘家而還。 又詔斤與長孫嵩等八人，坐止車門右，聽理萬機。 蠕蠕犯塞，令斤等追之。 事具蠕蠕傳。 拜天部大人，進爵為公，命斤出入乘軺軒，備威儀導從。 世祖之為皇太子，臨朝聽政，以斤為左輔。
When Taizong came to the throne, Jin became General of Zheng Troops, toured the provinces and commanderies, and asked after the people's hardships. Liu Ya of Zhangwu raised a faction in revolt; Jin campaigned against him and restored order. An edict praised the loyalty and filial piety of Jin's line and posthumously ennobled his father Dan as Viscount of Changning. While Taizong was at Yunzhong, Jin stayed behind to guard the capital. Murong Bo'er, Prince of Changli, rallied more than three hundred restless men, including Li Shen, in a plot to rebel. Jin heard of it, summoned Bo'er into the eastern wing of the Astronomy Hall, examined him until he confessed, and put the entire faction to death. He was ordered to sit in the court hall with Zhangsun Song, Duke of Nanping, and others to hear and decide criminal cases. Taizong held a grand review at the eastern suburb, drilling the army and displaying arms, with Jin serving as acting Left Chancellor. A great hunt was held at Stone Assembly Mountain. On the western tour Jin was sent ahead to strike the Yuele at Lüna Mountain. He routed them, took fifty thousand horses and two hundred thousand cattle and sheep, resettled more than twenty thousand households, and returned. Jin and eight others, including Zhangsun Song, were again ordered to sit to the right of the Halting Carriage Gate and attend to the myriad affairs of state. When the Rouran raided the frontier, Jin and others were sent in pursuit. The full account is in the Rouran biography. He was named Grandee of the Heavenly Division, raised to duke, and ordered to travel in a light carriage with full insignia and an escort whenever he entered or left court. When Shizu was crown prince and held court, Jin was made his left assistant.
5
劉義符立，其大臣不附，國內離阻。 乃遣斤收劉裕前侵河南地，假斤節，都督前鋒諸軍事、司空公、晉兵大將軍、行揚州刺史，率吳兵將軍公孫表等南征。 用表計攻滑臺，不拔，求濟師。 太宗怒其不先略地，切責之。 乃親南巡，次中山。 義符東郡太守王景度捐城遁走，司馬楚之等並遣使詣斤降。 斤自滑臺趣洛陽，義符虎牢守將毛德祖遣其司馬翟廣、將軍姚勇錯、竇霸等率五千人據土樓以拒斤，斤進擊，破之。 廣等單馬走免，盡殪其眾。 斤長驅至虎牢，軍於汜東。 留表守輜重，自率輕兵徇下河南、穎川、陳郡以南，百姓無不歸附。 義符陳留太守嚴稜以郡降。 斤遂平兗豫諸郡，還圍虎牢。 德祖拒守不下。 及虎牢潰，斤置守宰以撫之。 自魏初，大將行師，唯長孫嵩拒劉裕，斤征河南，獨給漏刻及十二牙旗。 太宗崩，斤乃班師。
When Liu Yifu took the throne, his senior ministers would not rally to him and the realm split within. Wei then sent Jin to recover the Henan lands Liu Yu had taken earlier. He was given the imperial baton as commander of the vanguard, Minister of Works, Great General of Jin Troops, and acting Governor of Yang Province, and marched south with Gongsun Biao, General of Wu Troops, and others. Following Biao's plan they attacked Huatai but failed to take it and asked for more troops. Taizong was furious that they had not seized ground first and rebuked them sharply. He then led a southern tour in person and stopped at Zhongshan. Wang Jingdu, Yifu's administrator of Dongjun, abandoned his city and fled. Chu Zhi and other senior officers all sent envoys to Jin to surrender. Jin marched from Huatai toward Luoyang. Mao Dezu, defender of Hulao, sent his chief clerk Zhai Guang and the generals Yao Yongcuo and Dou Ba with five thousand men to hold an earthen tower against him; Jin attacked and routed them. Guang and the others fled alone on horseback; their whole force was wiped out. Jin drove hard to Hulao and pitched camp east of the Si. He left Biao with the baggage train and himself led light troops through the lands south of Henan, Yingchuan, and Chen; the people submitted everywhere he went. Yan's Ling, Yifu's administrator of Chenliu, surrendered the commandery. Jin then pacified the commanderies of Yan and Yu and returned to lay siege to Hulao. Dezu held the city and would not yield. When Hulao fell, Jin posted guards and local administrators to settle the region. Since the founding of Wei, of all great generals who took the field, only Zhangsun Song against Liu Yu and Jin in Henan were given clepsydrae and twelve tusked banners. When Taizong died, Jin led the army home.
6
世祖即位，進爵宜城王，仍為司空。 世祖征赫連昌，遣斤率義兵將軍封禮等督四萬五千人襲蒲坂。 昌守將赫連乙升聞斤將至，遣使告昌。 使至統萬，見大軍已圍其城，還告乙升曰：「昌已敗矣。」 乙升懼，棄蒲坂西走。 斤追敗之，乙升遂奔長安。 斤入蒲坂，收其資器，百姓安業。 昌弟助興，先守長安，乙升至，復與助興棄長安，西走安定，斤又西據長安。 於是秦雍氐羌皆來歸附。 與赫連定相持，累戰破定。 定聞昌敗，遂走上邽，斤追之，至雍，不及而還。 詔斤班師，斤上疏曰：「赫連昌亡保上邽，鳩合餘燼，未有盤據之資。 今因其危，滅之為易。 請益鎧馬，平昌而還。」 世祖曰：「昌亡國叛夫，擊之勞傷將士，且可息兵，取之不晚。」 斤抗表固執，乃許之，給斤萬人，遣將軍劉拔送馬三千匹與斤。 斤進討安定，昌退保平涼。 斤屯軍安定，以糧竭馬死，遂深壘自固。 監軍侍御史安頡擊昌，擒之。 語在頡傳。
When Shizu came to the throne, Jin was raised to Prince of Yicheng and kept his post as Minister of Works. As Shizu marched against Helian Chang, he sent Jin with Feng Li, General of Righteous Troops, and others to lead forty-five thousand men in a surprise strike on Puban. Helian Yisheng, Chang's garrison commander, heard Jin was approaching and sent a messenger to warn Chang. The messenger reached Tongwan, saw the main force already besieging the city, and on his return told Yisheng, "Chang is already lost." Yisheng took fright, abandoned Puban, and fled west. Jin pursued, defeated him, and Yisheng fled on to Chang'an. Jin entered Puban, gathered its stores and gear, and the people returned to their livelihoods. Chang's brother Zhuxing had been holding Chang'an. When Yisheng arrived, he and Zhuxing again abandoned the city and fled west to Anding, and Jin took Chang'an. Then the Di and Qiang of Qin and Yong came over in submission. He locked horns with Helian Ding and beat him again and again in battle. When Ding heard Chang was lost, he fled toward Shanggui. Jin chased as far as Yong, failed to overtake him, and turned back. Ordered to withdraw, Jin memorialized: "Helian Chang, a fugitive from a ruined realm, is rallying the last embers of his house and has no footing left to hold. Strike him in this moment of peril and his destruction will be easy. Grant me more armor and horses to finish Chang and then I will return." Shizu replied, "Chang is a rebel who has lost his state. Attacking him would only weary the troops. Rest the army for now; he can be taken later." Jin pressed his case in a further memorial until Shizu relented, gave him ten thousand men, and sent General Liu Ba with three thousand horses to join him. Jin pressed on toward Anding; Chang fell back to defend Pingliang. Jin camped at Anding, but as grain gave out and horses died he dug in behind deep fortifications. Supervising Secretary An Gu attacked Chang and took him prisoner. The full account is in An Gu's biography.
7
昌眾復立昌弟定為主，守平涼。 斤自以元帥，而擒昌之功，更不在己，深耻之。 乃舍輜重，輕齎三日糧，追定於平涼。 娥清欲尋水而往，斤不從，自北道邀其走路。 定眾將出，會一小將有罪亡入賊，具告其實。 定知斤軍無糧乏水，乃邀斤前後。 斤眾大潰，斤及娥清、劉拔為定所擒，士卒死者六七千人。 後世祖克平涼，斤等得歸。 免為宰人，使負酒食從駕還京師以辱之。
Chang's followers raised his brother Ding and held Pingliang. As supreme commander, Jin was deeply shamed that the credit for capturing Chang had gone to another. He cast off his baggage, marched light with only three days' grain, and chased Ding to Pingliang. E Qing wanted to follow the watercourse, but Jin refused and instead barred Ding's escape route from the north. Just as Ding's army was preparing to move out, a junior officer guilty of an offense fled to the enemy and told them the whole truth. Learning that Jin's troops were short of grain and water, Ding struck him from before and behind. Jin's army broke in utter rout. Jin, E Qing, and Liu Ba were taken by Ding, and six or seven thousand soldiers died. Later, when Shizu took Pingliang, Jin and the others were freed and returned. He was demoted to palace steward and made to carry wine and food in the imperial train back to the capital—a public humiliation.
8
尋拜安東將軍，降爵為公。 車駕將討馮文通，詔斤發幽州民及密雲丁零萬餘人，運攻具出南道。 太延初，為衞尉，改為弘農王，[2]加征南大將軍。 後為萬騎大將軍。
Before long he was named General Who Pacifies the East and reduced in rank to duke. As the court prepared to campaign against Feng Wentong, Jin was ordered to raise the people of You Province and more than ten thousand Miyun Dingling to haul siege engines along the southern route. At the opening of Taiyan he became Commandant of the Guards, was made Prince of Hongnong, and additionally named Great General Who Conquers the South. He later became Great General of Ten Thousand Cavalry.
9
世祖大集羣臣於西堂，議伐涼州。 斤等三十餘人議曰：「河西王牧犍，西垂下國，雖內不純臣，而外修職貢，宜加寬宥，恕其微愆。 去歲新征，士馬疲弊，未可大舉，宜且覊縻。 其地鹵薄，略無水草，大軍既到，不得久停。 彼聞軍來，必嬰城固守。 攻則難拔，野無所掠，終無克獲。」 世祖不從，征之。 涼州平，以戰功賜僮隸七十戶。 以斤元老，賜安車，平決刑獄，諮訪朝政。
Shizu assembled his ministers in the Western Hall to debate an expedition against Liang Province. Jin and more than thirty others argued: "Mujian of Hexi is a petty western state. Though not a loyal subject at heart, he still pays tribute and duty outwardly; he should be shown leniency and his small faults overlooked. The campaign just past has exhausted men and horses; a major expedition is not yet possible, and he should be held on a loose rein. The country is salt-poor and barren, with scarcely grass or water; a great army cannot linger once it arrives. When they hear our army is coming, they will surely cling to their walls. An assault will be hard to finish, and with nothing to forage in the field we will gain nothing in the end." Shizu would not listen and marched to war. When Liang Province was pacified, he was rewarded with seventy households of bond servants for his service in the field. As a senior minister he was given a comfort carriage, authority to decide criminal cases, and a voice in court governance.
10
斤聰辯強識，善於談論，遠說先朝故事，雖未皆是，時有所得。 聽者歎美之。 每議大政，多見從用，朝廷稱焉。 真君九年薨，時年八十。 世祖親臨哀慟，諡曰昭王。 斤有數十婦，子男二十餘人。
Jin was sharp in debate and retentive in memory. In discussion he would range over the affairs of earlier dynasties; though not always right, he often struck home. Those who heard him sighed in admiration. On great matters of state his counsel was often taken, and the court spoke well of him. He died in the ninth year of Zhenjun, at the age of eighty. Shizu came in person to mourn and weep. He was posthumously titled Prince Zhao. Jin had several dozen wives and more than twenty sons.
11
長子他觀襲爵。 世祖曰：「斤關西之敗，國有常刑。 以其佐命先朝，故復其爵秩，將收孟明之效。 今斤終其天年，君臣之分全矣。」 於是降他觀爵為公，除廣平太守。 後為都將，征懸瓠，卒於軍。
His eldest son Taguan inherited the title. Shizu said, "Jin's defeat in the west carried the state's fixed penalty. Because he had aided the founding in the previous reign, his rank and title were restored—the court hoped he would yet earn the redemption Meng Ming won. Now Jin has lived out his years, and the bond between ruler and minister stands whole." Taguan's title was lowered to duke and he was appointed Administrator of Guangping. He later served as chief commander, marched against Xuanchi, and died on campaign.
12
子延，襲爵。 出為瓦城鎮將。 [3]卒。
His son Yan inherited the title. He was posted as garrison commander of Wacheng. [3] He died.
13
子緒，襲爵。 初為散令，後為太中大夫，加左將軍。 開建五等，封弘農郡開國侯，食邑三百戶。 後例降為縣，改封澄城縣開國侯，增邑九百戶。 卒。
His son Xu inherited the title. He began as Master of Scattered Affairs, then became Grand Master of Palace Counsel with the additional title General of the Left. When the five ranks were instituted, he was enfeoffed as Marquis of a Hongnong commandery state with three hundred households. By later precedent he was reduced to county rank, made Marquis of a Chengcheng county state, and his fief rose by nine hundred households. He died.
14
子遵，襲封。 卒，贈鎮遠將軍、洛州刺史，諡曰哀侯。 無子，國除。 太和中，高祖追錄先朝功臣，以斤配食廟庭。 世宗繼絕世，詔以緒弟子鑒特紹其後，以承封邑。 鑒卒於中堅將軍、司徒從事中郎。 贈龍驤將軍、肆州刺史。
His son Zun inherited the fief. At his death he was posthumously named General Who Pacifies the Distance and Governor of Luo Province, with the posthumous title Marquis Ai. He left no son, and the fief was abolished. In Taihe, Gaozu recorded the merits of ministers of the founding reign and granted Jin a place in the ancestral temple. When the line was about to die out, Shizong ordered Xu's nephew Jian to succeed specially and hold the fief. Jian died while serving as General of the Palace Attendants and Attendant of the Masters of Writing in the Secretariat. He was posthumously named General of Dragon Agility and Governor of Si Province.
15
子紹宗，武定中，開府田曹參軍。
His son Shaozong, in the Wuding era, served as an aide in the Bureau of Fields of the Secretariat.
16
他觀弟和觀，太祖時內侍左右。 太宗以其世典戎御，遂拜典御都尉，賜爵廣興子，建威將軍。 尋進為宜陽侯，加龍驤將軍，領牧官中郎將。 出為冀青二州刺史。 卒。
He Guan, Taguan's younger brother, attended Taizu within the palace. Taizong, noting that his line had for generations managed the imperial equipage, made him Commandant of the Palace Equipage, granted him Viscount of Guangxing, and named him General Who Establishes Might. He was soon raised to Marquis of Yiyang, given the additional title General of Dragon Agility, and made Colonel of the Herds Office. He was sent out as Governor of Ji and Qing provinces. He died.
17
子冀州，襲爵。
His son Jizhou inherited the title.
18
冀州弟受真，為中散。 高宗即位，拜龍驤將軍，賜爵成都侯。 遷給事中，出為離石鎮將。
Jizhou's younger brother Shouzhen served as Master of Scattered Affairs. When Gaozong came to the throne, he was named General of Dragon Agility and granted the title Marquis of Chengdu. He was moved to Attendant Within the Palace, then posted as garrison commander of Lishi.
19
和觀弟拔，太宗時內侍左右。 世祖即位，稍遷侍中、選部尚書、鎮南將軍，賜爵樂陵公。 後以罪徙邊。 徵為散騎常侍。 從征蠕蠕，戰沒。
Ba, He Guan's younger brother, attended Taizong within the palace. When Shizu came to the throne, he rose step by step to Attendant-in-Ordinary, Minister of the Bureau of Selection, General Who Guards the South, and Duke of Leling. He was later banished to the frontier for a crime. He was recalled as Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry. He marched against the Rouran and fell in battle.
20
子買奴，有寵於顯祖，官至神部長。 與安成王萬安國不平，安國矯詔殺買奴於苑內。 高祖賜安國死，追贈買奴為并州刺史、新興公。
His son Mainu won favor with Xianzu and rose to chief of the Divine Division. He quarreled with Wan Anguo, Prince of Ancheng, who forged an edict and killed Mainu in the imperial park. Gaozu put Anguo to death and posthumously ennobled Mainu as Governor of Bing Province and Duke of Xinxing.
21
斤弟普回，陽曲護軍。
Jin's younger brother Puhui was Protector of the Army of Yangqu.
22
普回子烏侯，世祖時拜治書御史，建義將軍，賜爵夷餘侯。 從征蠕蠕及赫連昌，以功進爵城陽公，加員外散騎常侍，出為虎牢鎮將。 興光中卒，喪禮依其伯父弘農王故事。 陪葬金陵。
Puhui's son Wuhou, under Shizu, became Imperial Censor and General Who Establishes Righteousness, with the title Marquis of Yiyu. He campaigned against the Rouran and Helian Chang, was raised to Duke of Chengyang for his service, given the additional title Supernumerary Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, and posted to Hulao. He died in Xingguang; his funeral followed the precedent set for his uncle the Prince of Hongnong. He was buried by accompaniment at Jinling.
23
烏侯子兠，世祖時親侍左右，隨從征討，常持御劍。 後以罪徙龍城。 尋徵為知臣監。 出為薄骨律鎮將，假鎮遠將軍，賜爵富城侯。 時高車叛，圍鎮城。 兠擊破之，斬首千餘級。 延興中卒。
Dou, Wuhou's son, attended Shizu in person on campaign and often carried the imperial sword. He was later banished to Longcheng for a crime. He was soon recalled as Supervisor of Knowing Subjects. He was posted to Boguli as garrison commander, acting General Who Pacifies the Distance, with the title Marquis of Fucheng. The Gaoche rebelled then and besieged the town. Dou broke the siege and took more than a thousand heads. He died in Yansing.
24
叔孫建，代人也。 父骨，為昭成母王太后所養，與皇子同列。 建少以智勇著稱。 太祖之幸賀蘭部，建常從左右。 登國初，以建為外朝大人，與安同等十三人迭典庶事，參軍國之謀。 隨秦王觚使慕容垂，歷六載乃還。 拜後將軍。 頃之，為都水使者，中領軍，賜爵安平公，加龍驤將軍。 出為并州刺史。 後以公事免，守鄴城園。
Shusun Jian came from Dai. His father Gu was raised by Empress Dowager Wang, mother of Emperor Zhaocheng, and stood in the same rank as the imperial princes. In youth Jian was known for wisdom and courage. When Taizu visited the Helan, Jian was often at his side. At the opening of Dengguo he was made outer-court grandee; with An Tong and twelve others he took turns in daily governance and joined the realm's counsels. He went with Prince Gu of Qin as envoy to Murong Chui and was gone six years before he returned. He was named General of the Rear. Soon after he became Commissioner of the Waterways and Central Army Commander, was made Duke of Anping, and given the additional title General of Dragon Agility. He was sent out as Governor of Bing Province. He was later dismissed over public business and kept guard over the park at Ye.
25
太宗即位，念建前功，乃以建為正直將軍，相州刺史。 飢胡劉虎等聚黨反叛，公孫表等為虎所敗。 太宗假建前號安平公，督表等以討虎，斬首萬餘級。 餘眾奔走，投沁而死，水為不流，虜其眾十萬餘口。
When Taizong came to the throne, remembering Jian's earlier service, he made him General of Uprightness and Governor of Xiang Province. Liu Hu of the famished Hu and others raised factions in revolt; Gongsun Biao and others were beaten by Hu. Taizong restored Jian's former title Duke of Anping and set him over Biao and others against Hu; they took more than ten thousand heads. The survivors fled in panic, threw themselves into the Qin, and drowned until the water would not flow; more than a hundred thousand were taken.
26
司馬德宗將劉裕伐姚泓，令其部將王仲德為前鋒，將逼滑臺。 兗州刺史尉建率所部棄城濟河，仲德遂入滑臺。 乃宣言曰：「晉本意欲以布帛七萬匹假道於魏，不謂魏之守將便爾棄城。」 太宗聞之，詔建自河內向枋頭以觀其勢。 仲德入滑臺月餘，又詔建渡河曜威，斬尉建，投其屍於河。 呼仲德軍人與語，詰其侵境之意。 仲德遣司馬竺和之，建命公孫表與言。 和之曰：「王征虜為劉太尉所遣，入河西行，將取洛城，掃山陵之寇，非敢侵犯魏境。 太尉自遣使請魏帝，陳將假道。 而魏兗州刺史不相體解，望風捐去，因空城而入，非戰攻相逼也。 魏晉和好之義不廢於前。」 表曰：「尉建失守之罪，自有常刑，將更遣良牧。 彼軍宜西，不然將以小致大乖和好之體。」 和之曰：「王征虜權住於此，以待眾軍之集，比當西過，滑臺還為魏有，何必建旗鼓以耀威武乎？」 仲德卑辭，常自言不敢與大魏抗衡，建不能制之。 太宗令建與劉裕相聞，以觀其意。 裕答言：「洛是晉之舊京，而羌姚據之。 晉欲修復山陵之計久矣，而內難屢興，不暇經營。 司馬休之、魯宗之父子、司馬國璠兄弟、諸桓宗屬，皆晉之蠹也，而姚氏收集此等，欲以圖晉，是以伐之。 道由於魏，軍之初舉，將以重幣假途。 會彼邊鎮棄守而去，故晉前軍得以西進，非敢憑陵魏境。」 裕以官軍在河南，恐斷其前路，乃命引軍北寇，及班師，乃止。 語在帝紀。 建與南平公長孫嵩各簡精兵二千，觀劉裕事勢。 語在嵩傳。
Sima Dezong was sending Liu Yu against Yao Hong and put Wang Zhongde in the vanguard to press toward Huatai. Wei Jian, Governor of Yan, abandoned his city and crossed the river; Zhongde marched into Huatai. He proclaimed: "Jin meant only to borrow passage through Wei with seventy thousand bolts of cloth and silk—they never expected Wei's commander to throw the city away." Taizong heard and ordered Jian from Henei toward Fangtou to gauge their strength. A month after Zhongde took Huatai, Jian was ordered to cross the river in a show of force, execute Wei Jian, and cast his body into the river. He hailed Zhongde's men and questioned their purpose in crossing the border. Zhongde sent his chief clerk Zhu Hezhi; Jian had Gongsun Biao answer him. Hezhi said, "The Campaigning King was sent by Grand Marshal Liu along the Hexi route to take Luoyang and clear the tombs of raiders—not to invade Wei. The Grand Marshal himself has sent envoys to the Wei emperor to ask for passage. Your Governor of Yan misunderstood us and fled, so they walked into an empty city—this was no assault under arms. The friendship of Jin and Wei still stands from before." Biao said, "Wei Jian's failure carries its fixed penalty; a better governor will replace him. Your army should march west, or a small matter will overturn our friendship. March west, or a small matter will overturn the body of our friendship." Hezhi said, "The Campaigning King waits here only for the main force. He will soon pass west, and Huatai will be Wei's again—why raise banners to flaunt your might?" Zhongde spoke humbly and often said he would not contend with Great Wei; Jian could not hold him. Taizong ordered Jian to sound out Liu Yu and read his intent. Yu replied, "Luoyang is Jin's old capital, yet the Qiang of Yao hold it. Jin has long wished to restore the tombs, but repeated internal troubles left no leisure to act. Sima Xiuzhi, Lu Zongzhi and his son, the brothers Sima Guofan, and the Huan kin were pests of Jin; Yao gathered them to plot against Jin, and so we march. The route passes through Wei; at the first setting out we meant to offer heavy gifts to borrow the road. Their border commander abandoned his post, so our vanguard could advance west—we did not mean to bully Wei. Fearing his route would be cut while government troops held Henan, Yu ordered a northern raid; only when they withdrew did it end. The account is in the imperial annals. The full account is in the imperial annals. Jian and Zhangsun Song, Duke of Nanping, each chose two thousand elite troops to watch Liu Yu's movements. The full account is in Song's biography.
27
遷廣阿鎮將，羣盜斂跡，威名甚震。 久之，除使持節、都督前鋒諸軍事、楚兵將軍、徐州刺史，率眾自平原濟河，徇下青兗諸郡。 建濟河，劉裕兗州刺史徐琰奔彭城，建遂東入青州。 司馬受之、秀之先聚黨於濟東，皆率眾降。 建入臨淄。 劉義符前東牟太守清河張幸先匿孤山，[4]聞建至，率二千人迎建於女水，遂圍義符青州刺史竺夔於東陽城。 義符遣將檀道濟、王仲德救夔，建不克而還。 建以功賜爵壽光侯，加鎮南將軍。
Posted to Guang'a, he cowed the bandits and his name carried far. He was later given the staff of authority as commander of the vanguard, named General of Chu Troops and Governor of Xu Province, and led his force from Pingyuan across the river through Qing and Yan. Jian crossed the river; Xu's Yan fled to Pengcheng, and Jian marched east into Yan Province. Sima Shouzhi and Xiuzhi had raised factions east of the Ji; both brought their men over. Jian entered Linzi. Zhang Xing, Yifu's former administrator of Dongmou, had hidden on Gushan; when Jian came he led two thousand men to meet him at the Women's River and besieged Zhu Kui at Dongyang. Yifu sent Tan Daoji and Wang Zhongde to relieve Kui; Jian could not take the city and withdrew. For his service he was made Marquis of Shouguang and additionally General Who Guards the South.
28
建表曰：「臣前遣沙門僧護詣彭城。 僧護還稱，賊發軍向北，前鋒將徐卓之已至彭城，大將軍到彥之軍在泗口，發馬戒嚴，必有舉斧之志。 臣聞為國之道，存不忘亡。 宜繕甲兵，增益屯戍，先為之備，以待其來。 若不豫設，卒難擒殄。 且吳越之眾，便於舟檝，今至北土，舍其所長。 逆順既殊，勞逸不等，平寇定功，在於此日。 臣雖衰弊，謀略寡淺，過蒙殊寵，忝荷重任，討除寇暴，臣之志也。 是以秣馬枕戈，思效微節。 願陛下不以南境為憂。」 世祖優詔答之，賜以衣馬。
Jian memorialized: "Your servant earlier sent the monk Seng Hu to Pengcheng. Seng Hu reports that the enemy has marched north: the vanguard Xu Zhuozhi is already at Pengcheng, and Grand General Dao Yanzhi is at Sikou, calling up horses and standing to arms—they surely mean to strike. I have heard that the way to govern a state is, in security, never to forget peril. We should repair arms, strengthen the garrisons, and prepare in advance for their arrival. Without prior preparation, they will be hard to capture and destroy when they come. The men of Wu and Yue excel on the water; in the north they leave that strength behind. The odds favor us, their labor tells against them—this is the day to break them and seal our merit. I am old and worn, my counsel shallow, yet I bear a heavy charge beyond my deserts; to drive off the raiders is my aim. So I have fed my horses and slept beside my weapons, ready to repay what little I can. I pray Your Majesty will not worry over the southern frontier. Shizu answered with a gracious edict and gave him robes and horses.
29
建與汝陰公長孫道生濟河而南，彥之、仲德等自清入濟，東走青州。 劉義隆兗州刺史竺靈秀棄須昌，南奔湖陸，建追擊，大破之，斬首五千餘級，遂至鄒魯。 還屯范城。 世祖以建威名南震，為義隆所憚，除平原鎮大將，封丹陽王，加征南大將軍、都督冀青徐濟四州諸軍事。 先是，簡幽州以南戍兵集于河上，一道討洛陽，一道攻滑臺。 義隆將檀道濟、王仲德救滑臺，建與汝陰公道生拒擊之。 建分軍挾戰，縱輕騎邀其前後，焚燒穀草，以絕其糧道。 道濟兵飢，叛者相繼，由是安頡等得拔滑臺。
Jian and Zhangsun Daosheng, Duke of Ruyin, crossed south; Yanzhi and Zhongde entered the Ji from the Qing and fled east toward Qing Province. Zhu Lingxiu, Yifu's governor of Yan, abandoned Xuchang and fled to Hulu; Jian pursued, broke him, took more than five thousand heads, and reached Zou and Lu. He withdrew and camped at Fancheng. Shizu made Jian Great General of Pingyuan Garrison and Prince of Danyang, with the additional titles Great General Who Conquers the South and commander of Ji, Qing, Xu, and Ji—Yifu feared his name. Earlier, garrison troops south of You had been gathered on the river: one column for Luoyang, one for Huatai. Tan Daoji and Wang Zhongde came to relieve Huatai; Jian and Daosheng met and fought them. Jian split his force for flank attacks, sent light horse to cut front and rear, and burned grain to sever their supply line. Daoji's men starved and deserters fell away in chains, so An Gu and others could take Huatai.
30
建沉敏多智，東西征伐，常為謀主。 治軍清整，號令嚴明。 又雅尚人倫，禮賢愛士。 在平原十餘年，綏懷內外，甚得邊稱，魏初名將尠有及之。 南方憚其威略，青兗輒不為寇。 太延三年薨，時年七十三。 世祖悼惜之。 諡曰襄王，賜葬金陵。
Jian was deep, keen, and full of plans; east and west he was often the mind behind the campaign. He kept his army in clear order; his commands were strict and bright. He honored human bonds and treated worthy men and scholars with ritual regard. For more than ten years at Pingyuan he soothed within and without and won high praise on the frontier; few generals of early Wei could match him. The south feared his designs, and Qing and Yan were seldom raided. He died in the third year of Taiyan, at seventy-three. Shizu mourned him deeply. He was posthumously titled Prince Xiang and buried by accompaniment at Jinling.
31
長子俊，字醜歸，少聰敏。 年十五，內侍左右。 性謹密，初無過行。 以便弓馬，轉為獵郎。 太祖崩，清河王紹閉宮門，太宗在外。 紹逼俊以為己援。 俊外雖從紹，內實忠款，仍與元磨渾等說紹，得歸太宗。 事在磨渾傳。 是時太宗左右，唯車路頭、王洛兒等，及得俊等，大悅，以為爪牙。
His eldest son Jun, styled Chougui, was clever as a boy. At fifteen he attended within the palace. He was careful and discreet and at first without fault. Skilled with bow and horse, he was made a hunt attendant. When Taizu died, Prince Qinghe Shao shut the palace gates while Taizong was outside. Shao pressed Jun to back him. Outwardly he followed Shao, but inwardly he stayed loyal; with Yuan Mohun and others he turned Shao and returned to Taizong. The full account is in Mohun's biography. Taizong then had only Chelu Tou, Wang Luo'er, and a few others at his side; when he gained Jun he was overjoyed and made them his claws and fangs.
32
太宗即位，命俊與磨渾等拾遺左右。 遷衞將軍，賜爵安城公。 朱提王悅懷刃入禁中，將為大逆。 俊覺悅舉動有異，便引手掣之，乃於悅懷中得兩刃匕首，遂殺之。 太宗以俊前後功重，軍國大計一以委之，群官上事，先由俊銓校，然後奏聞。
When Taizong came to the throne, he set Jun with Mohun and others to remedy omissions at his side. He was made General of the Guards and Duke of Ancheng. Prince of Zhuti Yue entered the inner palace with a hidden blade, intent on treason. Jun saw Yue's manner was strange, seized him, and found twin daggers in his bosom; he killed him on the spot. Taizong entrusted army and state to Jun for his repeated service; memorials passed through Jun's review before they reached the throne.
33
性平正柔和，未嘗有喜怒之色。 忠篤愛厚，不諂上抑下。 每奉詔宣外，必告示殷勤，受事者皆飽之而退，事密者倍至蒸仍。 是以上下嘉歎。 泰常元年卒，時年二十八，太宗甚痛悼之，親臨哀慟。 朝野無不追惜。 贈侍中、司空、安城王，諡孝元。 賜溫明祕器，載以轀輬車，衞士導從，陪葬金陵。 子蒲，襲爵。 後有大功及寵幸貴臣薨，賻送終禮，皆依俊故事，無得踰之者。 初，俊既卒，太宗命其妻桓氏曰：「夫生既共榮，沒宜同穴，能殉葬者可任意。」 桓氏乃縊而死，遂合葬焉。
He was even, upright, gentle, and mild and never showed anger or joy on his face. He was loyal, sincere, and generous and neither flattered his superiors nor pressed his inferiors. When he carried edicts abroad he announced them with earnest care; those who received his charge left satisfied, and secret matters won redoubled warmth. High and low praised him. He died in the first year of Taichang, at twenty-eight; Taizong mourned in person. Court and countryside mourned him. He was posthumously named Attendant-in-Ordinary, Minister of Works, Prince of Ancheng, with the posthumous title Xiaoyuan. He was given the secret coffin of Wenming, carried on the imperial hearse with guards as escort, and buried by accompaniment at Jinling. His son Pu inherited the title. Later, when great ministers or favored officials died, funeral gifts followed Jun's precedent and none might exceed it. When Jun died, Taizong told his wife Lady Huan: "In life you shared glory; in death you should share one tomb. Whoever will follow in burial may do so." Lady Huan hanged herself and was buried with him.
34
俊既為安城王，俊弟隣襲公爵，降為丹陽公。 少聰慧知名。 稍遷北部尚書，有當官之稱。 轉尚書令。 出為涼州鎮大將，加鎮西將軍。 隣與鎮副將奚牧，並以貴戚子弟，競貪財貨，專作威福。 遂相糾發，坐伏誅。
When Jun became Prince of Ancheng, his younger brother Lin inherited the ducal title and was reduced to Duke of Danyang. As a youth he was clever and well known. He rose to Minister of the Northern Bureau and won a name for fulfilling his office. He was made Director of the Masters of Writing. He was posted as Great General of Liang Province Garrison and additionally General Who Pacifies the West. Lin and the deputy commander Xi Mu, both noble kinsmen, vied in greed and abused their power. They denounced each other and were both executed.
35
史臣曰：奚斤世稱忠孝，征伐有克。 平涼之役，師殲身虜。 雖敗崤之責已赦，封尸之效靡立，而恩禮隆渥，沒祀廟庭。 叔孫建少展誠勤，終著庸伐。 治邊有術，威震夷楚。 俊委節太宗，義彰顛沛，察朱提之變，有日磾之風。 加以柔而有正，見美朝野，可謂世不乏賢矣。
The historian says: Xi Jin's line was called loyal and filial, and in the field he won his share. At Pingliang his army was destroyed and he was taken captive. Though the blame for Yao was pardoned and he never sealed the enemy dead on the field, favor and ritual were lavish and he was honored in the temple after death. Shusun Jian showed sincere diligence in youth and meritorious service in the end. He governed the frontier with method; his might shook the south. Jun gave his integrity to Taizong in hardship; sensing Zhu Ti's plot, he had the spirit of Jin Midi. Gentle yet upright, praised at court and in the countryside—his age did not lack worthy men.
36
校勘記
Textual notes
37
討越勒部於鹿那山冊府卷三二三 〈三八一五頁〉 「勒」作「勤」，北史卷二０奚斤傳「鹿」作「跋」。 按「越勒」疑作「越勤」是，參卷一一三校記越勒氏條。 「鹿」字，卷三０閭大肥傳、卷九八高車傳 〈補〉 都作「跋」。 疑此傳誤。
"Campaign against the Yuele at Lüna Mountain": Cefu guanglu juan 323 〈p. 3815〉 "Le" reads "Qin"; Northern History juan 20, Xi Jin's life, has Lu as Ba. Note: Yuele is likely Yueqin; compare the Yueqin entry in juan 113. On the character Lu: juan 30, Lu Dafei, and juan 98, Gaoche 〈supplement〉 all read Ba. This biography is likely mistaken.
38
出為瓦城鎮將冊府卷一七三宋本「瓦」作「万」，明本 〈二０九四頁〉 作「萬」。 按「瓦城」「万 〈或萬〉 城」不見他處，「瓦」「万」當都是「凡」之訛。 參卷四上校記凡城條。
"Sent out as garrison commander of Wacheng": Cefu juan 173; Song edition of Zhonghua has Wa as Wan, Ming edition 〈p. 2094〉 reads Wan. Note: Wacheng and Wan 〈or Wan〉 city do not appear elsewhere; Wa and Wan are both likely corrupt for Fan. Compare the Fan city note in juan 4, part 1.
39
劉義符前東牟太守清河張幸先匿孤山張森楷云； 「張彝傳 〈卷六四〉 及南燕錄並云幸是慕容超東牟太守，不聞仕宋。 此『劉義符』三字恐誤。」
"Former Administrator of Dongmou under Liu Yifu, Zhang Xing of Qinghe, had earlier hidden on Gushan": Zhang Senkai says: "Biography of Zhang Yi 〈juan 64〉 and the Southern Yan records all make Xing Murong Chao's administrator of Dongmou, with no mention of service under Song. The three characters Liu Yifu are likely in error."