1
李順，字德正，趙郡平棘人也。 父系，慕容垂散騎侍郎，東武城令，治有能名。 太祖定中原，以系為平棘令。 年老，卒於家。 贈寧朔將軍、趙郡太守、平棘男。 順博涉經史，有才策，知名於世。 神瑞中，中書博士，轉中書侍郎。 始光初，從征蠕蠕。 以籌略之功，拜後軍將軍，仍賜爵平棘子，加奮威將軍。
Li Shun, whose courtesy name was Dezheng, came from Pingji in Zhao Commandery. His father Xi had been a Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary under Murong Chui and magistrate of Dongwucheng, where his able rule won him renown. After Taizu pacified the Central Plains, he made Xi magistrate of Pingji. He grew old and died at home. Posthumously he received the titles General Who Pacifies the North, Administrator of Zhao Commandery, and Baron of Pingji. Shun read deeply in the classics and histories, possessed talent and strategic insight, and was renowned among his contemporaries. During the Shenrui reign he served as Doctor of the Secretariat, then was promoted to Secretariat Attendant. In the opening year of Shiguang he joined the expedition against the Rouran. On account of his strategic counsel he was named General of the Rear Army, enfeoffed as Viscount of Pingji, and given the additional rank of General of Inspiring Might.
2
世祖將討赫連昌，謂崔浩曰：「朕前北征，李順獻策數事，實合經略大謀。 今欲使總攝前驅之事，卿以為何如？」 浩對曰：「順智足周務，實如聖旨。 但臣與之婚姻，深知其行，然性果於去就，不可專委。」 世祖乃止。 初浩弟娶順妹，又以弟子娶順女，雖二門婚媾，而浩頗輕順，順又弗之伏也。 由是潛相猜忌，故浩毀之。 至統萬，大破昌軍，順謀功居右，轉拜左軍將軍。 後征統萬，遷前將軍，授之以兵。 昌出逆戰，順督勒士眾，破其左軍。 及克統萬，世祖賜諸將珍寶雜物，順固辭，唯取書數千卷。 世祖善之。 至京論功，以順為給事黃門侍郎，賜奴婢十五戶，帛千匹。 又從擊赫連定於平涼。 三秦平，遷散騎常侍，進爵為侯，加征虜將軍，遷四部尚書，甚見寵待。
When Emperor Shizu prepared to campaign against Helian Chang, he said to Cui Hao, "On my last northern campaign Li Shun proposed several measures that truly matched a comprehensive strategy. I now want him to take charge of the advance forces—what is your view?" Hao answered, "Shun's intelligence is equal to every task—that is exactly as Your Majesty says. Yet I am bound to him by marriage and know his ways well; he is too quick to choose his own course, and sole command should not be placed in his hands." The emperor then dropped the matter. Earlier Hao's brother had married Shun's sister, and Hao's nephew had married Shun's daughter. Though the two houses were linked by marriage, Hao tended to slight Shun, and Shun refused to defer to him. They therefore nursed a private mutual suspicion, and Hao spoke against him. At Tongwan they smashed Chang's forces; Shun's strategic contribution stood first, and he was promoted to General of the Left Army. On a later expedition against Tongwan he was made General of the Van and entrusted with troops. Chang marched out to meet them; Shun rallied the men and shattered his left wing. After Tongwan fell, the emperor gave the generals jewels and other gifts; Shun steadfastly refused all but a few thousand volumes of books. The emperor commended him for it. Back in the capital, when rewards were apportioned, Shun was appointed Attendant at the Gates of the Yellow Gate with secretariat duties, given fifteen households of bondsmen, and a thousand bolts of silk. He again took part in the assault on Helian Ding at Pingliang. After the Three Qins were pacified he became Regular Attendant of the Cavalier, was raised to marquis, given the additional title General Who Subdues the Barbarians, and appointed Director of the Four Departments, enjoying exceptional favor.
3
沮渠蒙遜以河西內附，世祖欲精簡行人，崔浩曰：「蒙遜稱蕃，款著河右，若俾遐域流通，殊荒畢至，宜令清德重臣奉詔褒慰，尚書李順即其人也。」 世祖曰：「順納言大臣，固不宜先為此使。 若蒙遜身執玉帛而朝於朕，復何以加之？」 浩曰：「邢貞使吳，亦魏之太常。 苟事是宜，無嫌於重。 爾日之行，豈吳王入覲也。」 世祖從之，以順為太常，策拜蒙遜為太傅、涼王。 使還，拜使持節、都督秦雍梁益四州諸軍事、寧西將軍、開府、長安鎮都大將，進爵高平公。 未幾，復徵為四部尚書，加散騎常侍。
When Juqu Mengxun brought the Hexi west under allegiance, the emperor wanted to choose his envoys with care. Cui Hao said, "Mengxun has declared vassalage and shown good faith on the western frontier. To open channels to distant lands and draw in every remote realm, we should send a man of sterling character and high standing to convey the imperial message of praise and reassurance—Director Li Shun is the man." The emperor said, "Shun is a chief minister of the realm—he is hardly the man to send on this errand in the first place. If Mengxun should come in person with tribute to attend my court, what further reward could I bestow?" Hao replied, "When Xing Zhen went to Wu, he too went as Grand Master of Ceremonies of Wei. When the task requires it, rank should not stand in the way. That mission was hardly the King of Wu coming to pay homage." The emperor accepted his counsel, made Shun Grand Master of Ceremonies, and issued an edict enfeoffing Mengxun as Grand Tutor and King of Liang. When he returned from the embassy he received the staff of authority as commander of Qin, Yong, Liang, and Yi, the title General Who Pacifies the West, an open office, and the post of grand general commanding Chang'an; he was raised to Duke of Gaoping. Soon afterward he was recalled to the capital as Director of the Four Departments with the additional rank of Regular Attendant of the Cavalier.
4
延和初，復使涼州。 蒙遜遣中兵校郎楊定歸白順曰：「年衰多疹，舊患發動，腰脚不隨，不堪拜伏。 比三五日，消息小差，當相見。」 順曰：「王之年老，朝廷所知。 以王祗執臣禮，別有詔旨，豈得自安不見上使也。」 蒙遜翌日延順入，至庭中，而蒙遜箕坐隱几，無動起之狀。 順正色大言曰：「不謂此叟無禮乃至於是！ 今則覆亡之不恤，而敢陵侮天地。 魂神逝矣，何用見之。」 將握節而出。 蒙遜使定歸追順於庭曰：「太常既雅恕衰疾，傳云朝廷有不拜之詔，是以敢自安耳。 若太常曰：『爾拜爾跽，而不祗命。』 斯乃小臣之罪矣。」 順益怒曰：「齊桓公九合諸侯，一匡天下，周王賜胙，命曰：伯舅無下拜。 而桓公奉遵臣節，降而拜受。 今君雖功高勳厚，未若小白之勤朝廷，雖相崇重，未有不拜之詔。 如便偃蹇自大，此乃速禍之道，非圖久安之計。 若朝廷震怒，遂相吞滅，悔何及哉！」 蒙遜曰：「太常規之以古烈，懼之以天威，敢不翹悚，敬聽休命。」 遂拜伏盡禮。 禮畢，蒙遜曰：「夫恃德者昌，恃力者亡。 朝廷頃來征伐屢克，境宇已博，但當循理此民，亦足興治。 然專務討擊，恐不可常勝。」 順曰：「昔太祖廓定洪基，造有區夏。 太宗承統，王業惟新。 自聖上臨御，志寧四海。 是以戎車屢駕，親冒風霜，滅赫連於三秦，走蠕蠕於漠北。 闢土開邊，隸首不紀； 僵屍截馘，所在成觀。 除蕩暴虐，存卹黎庶，威震八荒，聲被九域。 自古以來，用兵之美，未有今日之盛。 是以遐方荒俗之氓，莫不翹足抗手，斂衽屈膝。 天兵四臨，昭德罰罪，何云恃力？ 夫聖王之用兵也，征南蠻則北狄怨，討西戎則東夷恨，天子安得已哉？」 蒙遜曰：「誠如來言，則涼土之民，亦願魏帝遠至，何為復遽驛告警，不舍晝夜？ 意君之所言，殆為虛事。」 順曰：「苗民叛帝舜而親暴君，有扈違后啟而從逆主。 咸懾逼於近地，牽制於凶威，自古而然，豈獨涼民也。」
In the opening year of Yanhe he was dispatched to Liang Province once more. Mengxun sent his Central Army Commandant Yang Dinggui to tell Shun, "I am old and plagued by illness; old troubles have returned, my back and legs will not serve me, and I cannot kneel and bow. In three or five days, when I am somewhat better, we shall meet." Shun replied, "Your Majesty's age is no secret to the court. Because you hold yourself to the rites of a subject, a special edict has been issued—how can you take your ease and refuse to receive the emperor's envoy?" The next day Mengxun received him. Shun entered the courtyard, but Mengxun sat sprawled on his couch with legs apart and gave no sign of rising. Shun set his face and spoke in a loud voice: "I never thought this old fellow could be so shameless! You stand on the brink of destruction yet show no concern, and still dare to insult Heaven and Earth. Your soul has already fled—why should I stay to see you?" He took up his staff of office to depart. Mengxun sent Dinggui running after him in the courtyard: "The Grand Master has kindly excused my age and infirmity; word came that the court had issued an edict waiving the bow—that is why I presumed to remain seated. If the Grand Master says, 'Bow and kneel,' and I do not obey, then the fault is mine alone." Shun's anger rose further: "Duke Huan of Qi nine times gathered the lords and set the world in order. The Zhou king granted him sacrificial meat with the words, 'Uncle, need not bow down. Yet Huan still observed the rites of a subject, stepped down, and bowed to receive it. Your merit and honors, great as they are, do not match Duke Huan's service to the throne; however highly you are esteemed, no edict has freed you from the bow. If you insist on haughty defiance, you are choosing a swift road to ruin, not a policy for lasting security. If the court's wrath is roused and it moves to destroy you, remorse will come too late!" Mengxun said, "The Grand Master has lectured me with the heroes of old and warned me with Heaven's majesty—how could I not stand in awe and heed your counsel?" He then prostrated himself and performed every courtesy. When the ceremonies ended, Mengxun said, "Those who rely on virtue prosper; those who rely on force perish. The court has won battle after battle and its domain is already vast; if it would only govern these people rightly, that alone would be enough to bring order. Yet to pursue nothing but conquest—I fear victory cannot last forever." Shun replied, "Long ago Taizu laid the great foundation and won the Central Realm. Taizong took up the succession and renewed the royal enterprise. Since the present sage emperor ascended the throne, his aim has been to pacify all within the seas. Hence the war chariots have rolled out again and again; he has himself braved wind and frost, destroyed the Helian in the Three Qins, and driven the Rouran beyond the northern wastes. He has opened lands and pushed the frontier beyond numbering; corpses and severed ears lie heaped wherever one looks. He has swept away tyranny and succored the people; his might shakes the eight directions, his fame reaches the nine domains. Never in history has the art of war been displayed on so magnificent a scale as today. That is why folk of the farthest wilds all stand eager with folded hands, straighten their robes, and bend the knee. The armies of Heaven press on every side, proclaiming virtue and punishing guilt—how can you call that mere reliance on force? When a sage king takes up arms, campaigning against the southern barbarians stirs resentment in the north; chastising the western Rong stirs anger in the east—how can the Son of Heaven simply desist?" Mengxun said, "If that is truly so, the people of Liang should welcome the Wei emperor from afar—why then do urgent dispatches fly day and night without pause? I suspect your words are largely empty." Shun said, "The Miao rebelled against Shun and embraced a tyrant; Youhu defied Qi and followed a rebel. All were cowed by neighbors at hand and held in check by brutal force—it has always been so; why should the people of Liang alone be different?"
5
順既使還，世祖問與蒙遜往復之辭，及蒙遜政教得失。 順曰：「蒙遜專威河右三十許年，經涉艱難，粗識機變，又綏集荒陬，遠人頗亦畏服，雖不能貽厥孫謀，猶足以終其一世。 前歲表許十月送曇無讖，及臣往迎，便乖本意。 不忠不信，於是而甚。 禮者身之輿，敬者行之本。 未有無禮不敬而能久享福祿。 以臣觀之，不復周矣。」 世祖曰：「若如卿言，則効在無遠，其子必復襲世，襲世之後，早晚當滅？」 順對曰：「臣略見其子，並非才俊，能保一隅。 如聞敦煌太守牧犍，器性粗立，若繼蒙遜者必此人也。 然比之於父，僉云不逮。 殆天所用資聖明也。」 世祖曰：「朕今方事于東，未暇營西，如卿所言，三五年間不足為晚。 且停前計，以為後圖。」 既而蒙遜死問至，世祖謂順曰：「卿言蒙遜死，今則驗矣，又言牧犍立，何其妙哉。 朕克涼州，亦當不遠。」 於是賜絹千匹，廐馬一乘，進號安西將軍。 寵待彌厚，政之巨細無所不參。 崔浩惡之。
When Shun returned from his embassy, the emperor asked about his exchanges with Mengxun and about the strengths and failings of Mengxun's rule. Shun said, "Mengxun has ruled the west of the river alone for some thirty years. He has weathered hardship and knows something of changing circumstances; he has also pacified the remote marches, and distant peoples largely fear and obey him. He may not leave counsel for his heirs, but he can still hold power through his own lifetime. Two years ago he pledged in a memorial to send Dharmarakṣa in the tenth month; when I went to receive him, he broke his word. His disloyalty and faithlessness have reached their height. Ritual is the carriage of the self; reverence is the root of action. No one devoid of ritual and reverence has ever long enjoyed fortune and rank. In my judgment, he will not last another full span." The emperor said, "If you are right, the outcome is near; his son will surely succeed him—after that, how soon will the house fall?" Shun answered, "I have seen his sons briefly; none are gifted—they could hold only a corner of the realm. I hear that Mujian, Administrator of Dunhuang, has a rough but forceful nature; if anyone succeeds Mengxun, it will be he. Yet compared with his father, everyone agrees he falls short. Perhaps Heaven means this to serve Your Sagely Illumination." The emperor said, "I am occupied in the east and have no time for the west; as you say, three or five years would not be too late. For now we shall set aside the earlier plan and keep it for later." Soon word of Mengxun's death arrived. The emperor said to Shun, "You said Mengxun would die—and so he has; you said Mujian would succeed—how remarkable! My conquest of Liang Province cannot be far away." He then gave him a thousand bolts of silk, one horse from the imperial stables, and promoted him to General Who Pacifies the West. His favor grew ever greater, and he was consulted on every matter of government, large or small. Cui Hao detested him.
6
順凡使涼州十有二返，世祖稱其能。 而蒙遜數與順遊宴，頗有悖慢之言，恐順東還泄之朝廷，尋以金寶納順懷中，故蒙遜罪釁得不聞徹。 浩知之，密言於世祖，世祖未之信。 太延三年，順復使涼州，及還，世祖曰：「昔與卿密圖，期之無遠。 但以頃年東伐，未遑西顧，荏苒之間，遂及于此。 今和龍既平，三方無事，比繕甲治兵，指營河右，掃蕩萬里，今其時也。 卿往復積歲，洞鑒廢興，若朕此年行師，當克以不？」 順對曰：「臣疇日所啟，私謂如然。 但民勞既久，未獲寧息，不可頻動，以增勞悴。 願待他年。」 世祖從之。 五年，議征涼州，順議以涼州乏水草，不宜遠征。 與崔浩庭諍。 浩固執以為宜征。 世祖從浩議。 及至姑臧，甚豐水草。 世祖與恭宗書以言其事，頗銜順。 後謂浩曰：「卿昔所言，今果驗矣。」 浩曰：「臣之所言，虛實皆如此類。」 初，蒙遜有西域沙門曇無讖，微有方術。 世祖詔順令蒙遜送之京邑。 順受蒙遜金，聽其殺之。 世祖克涼州後，聞而嫌順。 涼土既平，詔順差次羣臣，賜以爵位。 順頗受納，品第不平。 涼州人徐桀發其事。 浩又毀之，云：「順昔受牧犍父子重賂，每言涼州無水草，不可行師。 及陛下至姑臧，水草豐足。 其詐如此，幾誤國事。 不忠若是，反言臣讒之於陛下。」 世祖大怒，真君三年遂刑順於城西。
In all Shun went twelve times as envoy to Liang Province, and the emperor praised his competence. Mengxun often feasted and traveled with Shun and spoke with considerable insolence; fearing that Shun would report this when he returned east, he slipped gold and jewels into Shun's robes—so Mengxun's faults never reached the court in full. Hao learned of this and spoke privately to the emperor, who did not believe him. In the third year of Taiyan, Shun was sent to Liang Province again. On his return the emperor said, "Long ago you and I laid secret plans, expecting the day was near. But campaigns in the east left no time to look west, and in the passing years matters have come to this. Now Helong is pacified and the realm is quiet on three sides; we are repairing armor and drilling troops to march on the west of the river and sweep the land for ten thousand li—the time is now. You have traveled back and forth for years and know their rise and fall—if I campaign this year, will I succeed?" Shun answered, "What I reported earlier I privately believed would prove true. But the people have labored long without rest; we must not stir them again and again and add to their exhaustion. I ask that we wait another year." Emperor Shizu accepted it. In the fifth year the court debated invading Liangzhou; Shun held that the region was short of fodder and water and that a long campaign should not be undertaken. He and Cui Hao argued the point face to face before the throne. Hao held firm that the campaign should go forward. Emperor Shizu sided with Hao. Upon reaching Guzang they found pasture and water in great plenty. The emperor wrote Crown Prince Gongzong to describe what had happened and nursed a strong grudge against Shun. Later he told Hao, "What you told me then has come true." Hao replied, "Everything I have told Your Majesty, whether it seemed doubtful or certain, turns out this way." Earlier, among Mengxun's followers was the Western Regions monk Dharmarakṣa, who knew a little of esoteric arts. Emperor Shizu instructed Shun to have Mengxun escort the monk to the capital. Shun took a bribe from Mengxun and let him have the monk put to death. After the emperor took Liangzhou and learned of it, his distaste for Shun deepened. When the Liang lands were pacified, Shun was ordered to rank the officials and assign them titles and fiefs. Shun took substantial bribes and graded men unfairly. Xu Jie of Liangzhou brought the matter to light. Hao attacked him again, saying, "Shun once took lavish gifts from Juqu Mujian and his father and kept insisting Liangzhou lacked fodder and water and that an army could not be sent. Yet when Your Majesty reached Guzang, pasture and water were abundant. His fraud was so brazen that it nearly wrecked the campaign. So disloyal, yet he turns around and claims that I maligned him to Your Majesty." Emperor Shizu flew into a rage and, in the third year of Zhenjun, had Shun executed west of the capital.
7
順死後數年，其從父弟孝伯為世祖知重，居中用事。 及浩之誅，世祖怒甚，謂孝伯曰：「卿從兄往雖誤國，朕意亦未便至此。 由浩譖毀，朕忿遂盛。 殺卿從兄者，浩也。」 皇興初，順子敷等貴寵，顯祖追贈順侍中、鎮西大將軍、太尉公、高平王，諡曰宣王，妻邢氏曰孝妃。 順四子。
A few years after Shun died, his cousin Xiaobo won the emperor's trust and wielded authority at the center of government. When Hao was put to death, Emperor Shizu was furious and told Xiaobo, "Your cousin once misled the state, but I had not meant to go this far. Hao's slanders stoked my anger until it boiled over. It was Hao who brought about your cousin's death." Early in Huangxing, Fu and the other sons rose to favor; Emperor Xianzu posthumously made Shun Palace Attendant, General Who Pacifies the West, Grand Commandant, and Prince of Gaoping, posthumous name Prince Xuan, and styled his wife Lady Xing Consort Xiao. Shun had four sons.
8
長子敷，字景文。 真君二年，選入中書教學。 以忠謹給侍東宮。 又為中散，與李訢、盧遐、度世等並以聰敏內參機密，出入詔命。 敷性謙恭，加有文學，高宗寵遇之。 遷祕書下大夫，典掌要切，加前軍將軍，賜爵平棘子。 後兼錄南部，遷散騎常侍、南部尚書、中書監，領內外祕書。 襲爵高平公。 朝政大議，事無不關。 及劉彧徐州刺史薛安都、司州刺史常珍奇以彭城、懸瓠降附，于時朝議，謂彼誠偽未可信保。 敷乃固執必然，曰：「劉氏喪亂，釁起蕭牆，骨肉內離，藩屏外叛。 今以皇朝之靈，兵馬之力，兼并之會，宜在於今。 況安都、珍奇識機歸命，奉誠萬里，小民元元，企仰皇化。 今之事機，安可復失？」 於是眾議乃同，遣師接援。 淮海寧輯，敷有力焉。
The eldest son, Fu, was styled Jingwen. In the second year of Zhenjun he was chosen for training in the Central Secretariat. His loyalty and discretion won him a post attending the crown prince. He also served as palace scribe; with Li Xin, Lu Xia, Dushi, and others he was counted among the sharp minds who handled secret business and drafted imperial orders. Fu was humble and well read, and Emperor Gaozong showered him with favor. He rose to junior grand master of the Secretariat in charge of pressing affairs, was made General of the Van, and enfeoffed as Marquis of Pingji. Later he also oversaw the Southern Department, then became attendant cavalier, southern director, and supervisor of the Central Secretariat, heading both inner and outer secretarial work. He succeeded to the dukedom of Gaoping. No major policy debate passed without his involvement. When Xue Andu, Liu Song's inspector of Xuzhou, and Chang Zhenqi, inspector of Sizhou, surrendered Pengcheng and Xuanchi, the court doubted whether their submission was genuine. Fu held firm that the moment was ripe and said, "The Liu regime is collapsing: strife has broken out at court, kin are tearing one another apart, and the frontier lords are defecting. With the dynasty's mandate and our armies at full strength, the chance to conquer belongs to this moment. Andu and Zhenqi have read the times and come over in good faith from afar; the common folk are yearning for our rule. How can we let this chance slip by?" The court fell in line and sent armies to accept and reinforce them. The Huai-Hai region was brought to peace in no small part through Fu's efforts.
9
敷既見待二世，兄弟親戚在朝者十有餘人。 弟弈又有寵於文明太后。 李訢列其隱罪二十餘條，顯祖大怒，皇興四年冬，誅敷兄弟，削順位號為庶人。 敷從弟顯德、妹夫廣平宋叔珍等，皆坐關亂公私，同時伏法。 敷兄弟敦崇孝義，家門有禮，至於居喪法度，吉凶書記，皆合典則，為北州所稱美。 既致斯禍，時人歎惜之。
Fu had enjoyed favor under two emperors, and more than a dozen brothers and relatives held posts at court. His brother Yi likewise enjoyed the empress dowager's favor. Li Xin laid out more than twenty concealed crimes; Emperor Xianzu was furious, and in the winter of Huangxing year four he executed Fu and his brothers and stripped Shun's house of its noble rank. Fu's cousin Xiande, his brother-in-law Song Shuzhen of Guangping, and others were all convicted of abusing public office for private ends and were executed together. The Fu brothers were devoted to filial duty and decorum; their household rituals for mourning and for letters of congratulation or condolence all met canonical standards and won praise across the north. When disaster struck, contemporaries mourned what they had lost.
10
敷長子伯和。 次仲良，與父俱死。 伯和走竄歲餘，為人執送，殺之。 伯和有庶子孝祖，年小藏免。 後敷妻崔氏得出宮，養之。 至平涼太守。
Fu's eldest son was Bohe. The second son, Zhongliang, died with his father. Bohe was on the run for more than a year before he was captured and handed over, then executed. Bohe had a concubine-born son, Xiaozu, who was still a child and was hidden away to escape death. Later Fu's wife, Lady Cui, was released from the palace and raised the boy. He eventually became administrator of Pingliang.
11
敷弟式，字景則。 學業知名。 歷散騎常侍、平東將軍、西兗州刺史，濮陽侯。 式自以家據權要，心慮危禍，常敕津吏； 臺有使者，必先啟告，然後渡之。 既而使人平曉卒至，津吏欲先告式，使者紿云：「我須南過，不停此州，不煩令刺史知也。」 津人信之，與使俱渡。 使者既濟，突入執式赴都，與兄俱死。
Fu's younger brother Shi was styled Jingze. He was known for his scholarship. He served as attendant cavalier, general who pacifies the east, and regional inspector of Western Yanzhou, and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Puyang. Shi knew his clan sat at the heart of power and lived in fear of ruin, so he constantly told the ferry guards: "If envoys come from the capital, report to me before you let them cross." Soon an envoy named Ping Xiao arrived without warning; the ferry guard started to notify Shi, but the envoy lied, "I am only passing south and will not linger in your province—no need to trouble your inspector." The ferryman believed him and let him cross with the envoy. After the crossing the envoy stormed in, seized Shi, and hauled him to the capital, where he was executed alongside his brother.
12
式子憲，字仲軌。 清粹，善風儀，好學，有器度。 太和初，襲爵，又降為伯。 拜祕書中散，雅為高祖所賞。 稍遷散騎侍郎，接對蕭衍使蕭琛、范雲。 以母老乞歸養，拜趙郡太守。 趙脩與其州里，脩歸葬父母也，牧守以下畏之累跡，惟憲不為之屈，時人高之。 轉授驍騎將軍、尚書左丞、長兼吏部郎中。 遷長兼司徒左長史、定州大中正。 尋遷河南尹。 參議新令於尚書上省。 永平三年，出為左將軍、兗州刺史。 四年，坐事除名。 後以黨附高肇，為御史所劾。 事具高聰傳。 正光二年二月，肅宗講於國子堂，召憲預聽，又以子騫為國子生。 四年，拜光祿大夫，復本爵濮陽伯。 五年，除持節、安西將軍、行雍州刺史。 尋除七兵尚書，加撫軍將軍。
Shi's son Xian was styled Zhonggui. He was refined in manner, graceful in bearing, eager to learn, and broad-minded. Early in Taihe he inherited the family title, which was soon reduced to a marquisate. He was made palace scribe and won Emperor Gaozu's high regard. He rose to gentleman attendant cavalier and received Liang envoys from Xiao Yan, including Xiao Chen and Fan Yun. He asked leave to care for his aging mother and was appointed administrator of Zhao commandery. Zhao Xiu, a fellow townsman who had come home to bury his parents, had every local official scurrying to pay court—only Xian refused to bend, and contemporaries admired him for it. He was made general of valiant cavalry, left assistant director of the Masters of Writing, and senior concurrent personnel director. He became senior concurrent left chief clerk of the Ministry of Education and senior rectifier of Dingzhou. He was soon made intendant of Henan. He helped draft the new statutes in the upper secretariat. In Yongping year three he was sent out as general of the left and regional inspector of Yanzhou. In the fourth year he was dismissed from office for an offense. Later he was impeached by the censorate for siding with Gao Zhao's faction. The full account appears in the biography of Gao Cong. In the second month of Zhenguang year two Emperor Suzong lectured at the Imperial Academy; Xian was invited to attend, and his son Qian was enrolled as a student. In the fourth year he was made grand master of splendid happiness and restored to his marquisate of Puyang. In the fifth year he was appointed bearer of the staff, general who pacifies the west, and acting regional inspector of Yongzhou. He was soon made director of the seven armies and additionally general who pacifies the army.
13
孝昌初，元法僧據徐州反叛。 詔憲為使持節、假鎮東將軍、徐州都督，與安豐王延明、臨淮王彧等討之。 會蕭衍遣其豫章王綜據彭城，俄而綜降。 徐州既平，詔遣兼黃門侍郎常景詣軍慰勞，賜憲驊騮馬一匹，仍除征東將軍、揚州刺史、淮南大都督。 二年，蕭衍遣其平北將軍元樹、右衞將軍胡龍牙、護軍將軍夏侯亶等來寇壽陽。 樹等從下蔡軍於城之東北，亶從黎漿而屯於城南。 憲謂不先破元樹等，則夏侯亶無由可克，乃遣子長鈞率眾逆戰。 軍敗，長鈞見執。 樹等乘之，憲力屈，以城降。 因求還國，衍聽歸。 既至，敕付廷尉。 三年秋，憲女壻安樂王鑒據相州反。 靈太后謂鑒心懷劫脅，遂詔賜憲死，時年五十八。 永熙中，贈使持節、侍中、都督定冀相殷四州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、尚書令、定州刺史，諡曰文靜。
Early in Xiaochang Yuan Faseng seized Xuzhou and rose in rebellion. Xian was ordered out as bearer of the staff, acting general who pacifies the east, and area commander of Xuzhou, to join the Prince of Anfeng Yanming, the Prince of Linhuai Yu, and others in suppressing the revolt. Meanwhile Xiao Yan sent his Prince of Yuzhang to hold Pengcheng, and Zong soon surrendered. After Xuzhou was secured, the court sent attendant Chang Jing to reward the troops, gave Xian a piebald stallion, and appointed him general who campaigns east, regional inspector of Yangzhou, and grand area commander of Huainan. In the second year Xiao Yan sent his general who pacifies the north Yuan Shu, general of the right guard Hu Longya, general who protects the army Xiahou Dan, and others against Shouyang. Shu's force marched from Xiaxia and camped northeast of the city, while Dan advanced from Lijiang and took position to the south. Xian reasoned that Dan could not be beaten until Shu was defeated, and sent his son Changjun out to give battle. The army was beaten and Changjun taken prisoner. Shu pressed the attack; with his strength spent, Xian surrendered the city. He asked to return to Wei, and Xiao Yan let him go. On his return an edict turned him over to the minister of justice. That autumn in the third year Xian's son-in-law, Prince Anle Jian, seized Xiangzhou and rebelled. Empress Dowager Ling believed Jian had coerced Xian into the revolt and ordered Xian put to death; he was fifty-eight. In Yongxi he was posthumously made bearer of the staff, palace attendant, commander of the four provinces Ding, Ji, Xiang, and Yin, general of agile cavalry with honors equal to the three dukes, director of the Masters of Writing, and regional inspector of Dingzhou, posthumous name Wenjing.
14
子希遠，字景冲。 早卒。
His son Xiyuan was styled Jingchong. He died young.
15
子祖悛，襲祖爵。 齊受禪，例降。
His son Zujuan inherited the family title. When Qi took the throne, his rank was reduced as usual.
16
希遠兄長鈞，興和中，梁州驃騎府長史。
Xiyuan's elder brother Jun served as chief clerk of the Liang Province Rapid Cavalry headquarters during the Xinghe period.
17
希遠第二弟希宗，字景玄。 出後憲兄。 性寬和，儀貌雅麗，涉獵書傳，有文才。 起家太尉參軍事，轉直後，領侍御史，遷通直散騎常侍。 尋為東南道行臺邸珍右丞，與諸軍討賊於彭沛，克之，轉齊獻武王大行臺郎中。 遷散騎常侍、中軍大將軍、金紫光祿大夫。 獻武王擢為中外府長史，為齊王納其第二女。 希宗以人望兼美，深見禮遇。 出行上黨太守。 尋而遘疾，興和二年四月卒於郡，年四十。 贈使持節、都督定冀滄瀛殷五州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、司空公、殷州刺史，諡曰文簡。
His second younger brother was Xizong, styled Jingxuan. He was adopted as heir to his elder brother Xian. Gentle by nature, handsome and refined in bearing, widely read in the classics and histories, and gifted as a writer. He entered service as a secretariat aide, became an imperial attendant in the rear guard, then supervising censor, and rose to cadet regular palace attendant. Soon he became right deputy on the southeastern mobile staff under Di Zhen, joined the armies in suppressing bandits in Peng and Pei, took them, and was transferred to senior clerk on Prince Xianwu of Qi's mobile headquarters. He rose to regular palace attendant, grand general of the central army, and grand master of splendid happiness with the golden emblem. Prince Xianwu of Qi made him chief administrator of the central and foreign affairs office, and the prince took his second daughter in marriage. Xizong united public regard with personal merit and was treated with exceptional favor. He was sent out to serve as administrator of Shangdang. He soon fell ill and died in the prefecture in the fourth month of the second year of Xinghe, at the age of forty. Posthumously he was made bearer of the staff of authority, commander-in-chief over military affairs in Ding, Ji, Cang, Ying, and Yin, rapid cavalry general-in-chief, duke of works, and governor of Yin, with the posthumous name Wenjian.
18
長子祖昇，武定末，太子洗馬。
His eldest son Zusheng, late in the Wuding period, served as washing horse to the heir apparent.
19
希宗弟希仁，字景山。 武定末，國子祭酒、兼給事黃門侍郎。
Xizong's younger brother Xiren was styled Jingshan. Late in Wuding he was chancellor of the national university and concurrently supervising gentleman of the yellow gate in the secretariat.
20
希仁弟騫，字希義。 博涉經史，文藻富盛。 年十四，國子學生。 以聰達見知。 歷大將軍府法曹參軍、太宰府主簿，轉中散大夫，遷中書舍人，加通直散騎常侍。 曾為釋情賦，曰：
Xiren's younger brother Qian was styled Xiyi. He ranged widely through the classics and histories, and his writing was lush with ornament. At fourteen he enrolled as a student of the national university. He won notice for his keen intelligence. He served as legal aide in the grand general's office and chief clerk in the grand preceptor's office, became a palace cadet, rose to secretariat gentleman, and was given the added rank of cadet regular palace attendant. He once wrote a Rhapsody on Releasing Emotions, which runs:
21
單閼之年，無射之月，余承乏攝官，直於本省。 對九重之清切，望八襲之崢嶸，感代序以長懷，觀爽氣而軫慮。 籠樊之念既多，寥廓之想彌切。 含毫有思，斐然成賦。 猶潘生之秋興，王子之登閣也。 厠鄭璞於周寶，編魚目於隨珠，未敢自同作者，蓋亦各言爾志云。
In the year of Shanjian, in the month of Wuyi, I hold a modest acting post on rotation within the secretariat. Before the court's chill clarity and beneath the towering eightfold walls, the turning seasons stir long reflection, and the crisp air turns my mind inward. The urge to flee confinement grows ever stronger; the longing for wide horizons deepens. Brush in hand, intent gathered—I have wrought this fu into shining lines. As Pan Yue wrote when autumn stirred him, as Wang Can wrote upon climbing the storied pavilion. I set a rough Zheng jade beside Zhou's regalia and string fish eyes with Sui pearls; I dare not call myself their peer—yet each man may speak what moves him.
22
荷峻極之層構，導積石之洪流。 有馬形而謨舜，亦龍德而史周。 爰相趙之鴻烈，逮藩魏之優遊。 為衢樽於上葉，號木鐸於前修。 若豢龍之不隕，似窮桑之世濟。 [1]故抱玉而懷珠，且滋蘭而樹蕙。 或舟楫以匡時，或棲遲以卒歲。 尚無忝於先人，諒貽厥於來裔。 書金冊以葳蕤，布銀繩而昭晣。 清風忽其緬邈，啟皇祖於庚寅。 〈李伯仁上東門銘曰：「上東少陽，厥位在寅。 條風動物，月值孟春。」 王武子詩曰：「於顯我王，緝乘斯民。 俊明有德，嚴恭惟夤。」〉 逢軒教之方洽，遇周命之惟新。 譬龍虎其有合，信山川而降神。 若勝庭之五傑，似不速之三人。 協嗜欲於將至，豈物色而方臻。 荷天寵以來儀，步康衢而騁力。 如乾元之利貞，若坤四之方直。 內弼諧於本朝，外闢土於殊域。 乘紫氛以厲羽，負青天而鼓翼。 既公侯之必復，亦慶緒之所融。 績並樹於八凱，道俱升於二宮。 遂遵流以至海，且因岳而為嵩。 同羽儀於班氏，均載德於楊公。 何日月之逾邁，引寒暑而相終。 委晉會於弱齒，遺堂構於微躬。
Upheld by the tiered height of the Sacred Peak, fed by the piled-stone torrent's flow. The horse-shaped omen counseled Shun; dragon virtue filled the Zhou Annals. Thus arose Zhao's great blaze of glory, down to the ease of Wei as a feudal house. For the former age a wine-jar stood at the crossroads; for past worthies the wooden bell was rung. Like dragon-tenders who never fell, like Kuangsang's line sustaining age after age. [1] So they clasped jade and treasured pearls, and grew orchids while planting sweet herbs. Some took boat and oar to right the times; some dwelt in seclusion until life's close. None failed their ancestors; all left blessing for those who followed. Gold tablets bloomed with flourish; silver cords gleamed bright. Then the clear wind vanished into distance; our founding forebear rose in the year gengyin. 〈In Li Boren's Inscription on the Upper East Gate: "Upper East is minor yang, its seat in yin. The early wind stirs the creatures; the month stands at spring's first fullness." Wang Wuzi's poem runs: "How glorious our king, gathering this people. Wise, bright, and virtuous, stern and reverent in duty."〉 When the Yellow Emperor's teaching spread in harmony, one met the Zhou mandate born anew. When dragon met tiger in kinship, river and hill sent down the sacred. As the five heroes of the Winning Court, as the three men who came without being summoned. Hearts matched before they came near—never merely scouting for gifts once gifts were in view. Laden with heaven's grace they came to court; on the broad road they strained their powers. As Qian's firm profit and rectitude, as the fourth Kun line's square and straight. Within, allies to the throne's house; without, captains who broke ground in foreign realms. They breasted purple haze to harden their wings and shouldered the azure sky to drum the air. What marquis and duke must regain, the house's blessed thread likewise braided. Their deeds stood beside the Eight Worthies; the Way rose with them to both halls. They followed the current to the sea and took the lesser hill for sacred Song. Like the Ban house in court regalia, like the Yang clan in bearing virtue. How sun and moon hurry on, drawing cold and heat each to its term. In childhood he handed me the Jin succession; to my frail frame he left the ancestral hall.
23
嗟蒙昧之無取，故告舍而不及。 已濩落而少成，又擁腫而無立。 愧精堅於百鍊，慚忠信於十邑。 非珪璋之特達，詎芳菲之易襲。 未砥礪以自進，寧琢磨而成章。 乖宋子之萬字，異應生之五行。 不請觀於石室，豈借書於晉皇。 求班莊而不遂，[2]況蔡文之可望？ 參四科其未獲，入三選而誰許。 本無聲於梁魏，故未聞於陳汝。 居玉石以多迷，宅顯晦而乖所。 既無懷於四至，安有情於再舉。 雖衣冠之末冑，而世祿之緒餘。 等渤澥之乘雁，類九罭之逃魚。 處江淮而不變，對朝市而閑居。 空闔門以靖軌，非論道而修書。 少賓客於季彥，謝朋交於太初。
Alas, in stupidity I had nothing he could claim; his parting words never reached me in time. Already cast loose with small attainment, and swollen, twisted, with nothing to uphold. Ashamed beside iron tempered a hundredfold, ashamed beside faith kept through ten domains. No jade tablet's rare clarity—how dare one lightly wear fame's blossom? Not yet whetting myself toward advance—would I polish on until a chapter forms? No match for Song son's ten thousand graphs, nor for Ying's birth of the Five Phases. Not seeking to view the Stone Chamber, not borrowing books from Jin's throne. I sought Ban and the Kangs and did not win them; [2] how then Cai Yong's vision? The four ranks I never secured; who would admit me to the three lists? From the first unknown in Liang and Wei, and so unheard in Chen and Ru. Amid jade and pebbles I lose my way; in glare and shadow I miss my place. With no heart for the four quarters, what zeal could I have to rise again? Though last rank in gown and cap, still a thread of hereditary stipend. Like the goose crossing the Bo Sea, like fish slipping the ninefold net. On the Huai and Yang I stay unchanged; before court and mart I dwell at ease. The gates shut on a quiet path; I do not preach the Way but mend my books. Few guests as in Jiyan's time; old companions gone as at Taichu's parting.
24
在正光之御曆，實明皇之拱己。 曾問政於上學，著為君而我齒。 叫閽人以望予，遂陟降於庭止。 同崔駰之謁帝，若謝兼之來仕。 [3]逮孝莊之入統，乃道喪而時昏。 水羣飛於溟海，火載燎於中原。 延膠船而越水，若朽索而乘奔。 玉羊失而無御，金雞亡而不存。 天步忽其多難，橫流且其云始。 既雲擾而海沸，亦岳立而棊峙。 睇三綱之日紊，見四維之不理。 顧茂草以傷懷，視匪車而思起。 雖風雨之如晦，亮膠喈而不已。 自牽役於宰朝，實有懷於胥耻。 在下僚而栖屑，願奮迅於泥滓。 眷故鄉以臨睨，悵有動於思歸。 越來流以鼓枻，遡北風而結騑。 入成都之舊宅，反觀津之故扉。 乃曲肱而不悶，信抱甕而無機。 且耕而食，且蠶而衣。 恒一日以自省，亦三月而無違。 遊仁義之肴覈，採墳素之精微。 誠因閑而養拙，亦有樂於嘉肥。
Under Zhengguang's rule of years, the bright sovereign merely bowed in his seat. Once politics was asked at the higher academy; I set my teeth among those who wrote for the throne. The gate-keeper was called to seek me; then I climbed and came down the court stair. Like Cui Yin's audience with the ruler, like Xie Kun's coming to office. [3] When Xiaozhuang took the line, the Way failed and the age turned dim. Seas churned with swarming waves; flame rode the heartland's breadth. They bridged seas with boats of glue, or galloped on ropes already rotted. The jade sheep wandered driverless; the golden cock vanished, never to return. Heaven's course turned sudden hardship; the flood-tide raised its first cloud. Clouds boiled and seas heaved; mountains stood like chess pieces planted. I watched the three bonds fray day by day; the four pillars stood ungoverned. I glanced at rich grass and felt the wound; I saw the misguided carriage and wished to act. Though wind and rain were twilight, still dawn-chirp and bright friendship did not cease. Dragged into the chief minister's service, I felt the court's shame in my own bones. A low clerk, I sat in broken pieces; yet I yearned to surge up from the slime. I looked toward home from afar; longing stirred to return. I rowed against the inflow; I harnessed teams into the north wind's way. I entered Chengdu's former seat; I turned back to Guanjin's old gate. I bent my arm and was not vexed; I held the earthen jar and had no plot. Some fields I plowed to eat; some mulberry I tended for clothes. Each day brought self-scrutiny; three months passed without breach. I roamed the fare of humaneness and right; I culled the finesse of the classical tomes. In idleness I nursed my awkwardness—and found joy even in good pasture.
25
及勾芒御節，姑洗之首，散遲遲於麗日，發依依於弱柳。 鳥間關以呼庭，花芬披而落牖。 聽乃越於笙簧，望有踰於新婦。 襲成服以逍遙，願良辰而聊厚。 乃席壠而踞石，遂嘯儔而命偶。 同浴沂之五六，似禊洛之八九。 或促膝以持肩，或援笙而鼓缶。 賓奉萬年之觴，主報千金之壽。 各笑語而卒獲，傳禮儀於不朽。 斯蓋先民之所樂，而余心之所守也。 至於少昊為帝，庚辛處躔，視墟里之蕭蕭，過寒夜之綿綿。 積霜靄於近援，起泬寥於遠天。 思多端以類長，若臨水而登山。 幸出遊之或寫，冀觀濤之可蠲。 遂杖策緩步，或漁或田。 弋鳧雁於清溪，釣魴鯉於深泉。 張廣幕，布長筵。 酌濁酒，割芳鮮。 起白雪於促柱，奉綠水於危弦。 賦湛露而不已，歌驪駒而未旋。 跌蕩世俗之外，疏散造化之間。 人生行樂，聊用永年。
When Gou Mang ruled the season and Gu led the months, the fair sun loitered, and pale willows put out tender shoots. Birds called back and forth in the yard; scented blossoms drifted through the casement. What I heard outdid pipe and reed; what I saw outdid a bride's first glow. In formal robes I wandered freely, hoping for a fine hour to thicken delight. We spread mats on the low knoll and sat on stone, whistled to friends, and chose our mates. Like five or six bathing in the Yi, like eight or nine at the Luo rite of spring. Some sat knee to knee, shoulder to shoulder; some took up pipes and drummed on clay pots. Guests raised the cup of ten thousand years; the host answered with wishes for a thousand-weight of life. Each found laughter and talk at last, and passed rites and courtesy into what does not die. Such was the joy of the ancients—and such is what my heart holds to. When Shaohao ruled and Geng and Xin held their stations, I saw hamlets thinned to silence and passed nights of endless cold. Frost-haze banked close at hand; far heaven lifted into boundless hush. Thoughts branched and lengthened like climbing a mountain while staring at water below. I hoped an outing might ease the heart, that watching the tide could wash grief away. So I took staff and walked at ease, fishing one day, tilling the next. I shot wildfowl on clear streams and angled for bream and carp in deep springs. We spread wide awnings and set a long feast. We poured rough wine and sliced fresh delicacies. White Snow rose from tight pegs; Green Waters ran along taut strings. We recited Dew without end and sang the Parting Steed, not yet turning homeward. We wandered beyond the world's dust, loose between heaven and earth. To live is to take joy—enough, for now, to lengthen one's years.
26
悟柱下之稱工，聞首陽之為拙。 既有惜於苽懸，且自悲於井渫。 訪鄭詹之格言，求季主之高說。 去衡門以策駟，望象魏而投轍。 服毳衣以從務，乘大車而就列。 比汗海而無紀，喻江河而有缺。 眷重地而懼深，念索米而慚結。
I saw why the archivist was praised as skilled, and why Shouyang was called dull. I pitied the gourd left hanging unused and grieved for myself, rope at the well never lowered. I sought Zheng Zhan's pointed sayings and the Ji Master's high teachings. I left my humble gate with four horses at the rein and, sighting the gate-towers, turned my carriage toward court. I donned fur robes for service and rode the great carriage into rank. My toil was like a shoreless sea of sweat; my days like rivers that never ran full. I clung to weighty post yet feared its depth, and thought of begging rice—shame tied in knots.
27
運有折於玉斗，時忽亡於金鏡。 始蒙塵以播蕩，卒流彘而居鄭。 彼上天之降鑒，實下民之請命。 因艱難以隆基，據殷憂而啟聖。 調南風以負扆，居北辰而為政。 創彝倫於九疇，班平章於百姓。 喻繩契以論蹤，援成昭而比盛。 酌徙鎬之故典，究遷亳之遺令。 奄四海以為家，開七百而增慶。 覩禮樂之方隆，信光華之始映。 百揆鬱以時序，四門穆其惟清。 如得人於漢世，比多士於周庭。 有一匡以作相，或十亂而為楨。 各秉文而經武，故天平而地成。 伊余身之忝穢，得再入於承明。 執綸言之猶紼，戴會弁之如星。 非巡潰以窺井，信夕惕而懷驚。
Fate snapped the jade ladle; the age suddenly lost its golden mirror. At first the throne was dust and turmoil; at last the ruler fled to Liuzhu and lodged in Zheng. Heaven above cast down its gaze; the people below cried out for deliverance. From hardship he raised the height of rule; from deep grief he opened the way of the sage. He set the south wind to his back-rest and ruled from the pole star's seat. He founded the great norms in the nine domains and spread fair governance among the people. He matched cord and tally to chart the past and matched Cheng and Zhao in glory. He weighed the old statutes of the move to Hao and studied the lingering orders of the shift to Bo. He took the four seas as his house and opened seven hundred years of growing blessing. I saw rites and music on the rise and believed glory had begun to gleam. All offices thrived in their seasons; the four gates stood serene and clear. It was like finding men in Han times, like the many scholars in the Zhou court. Some with one correction became chief minister; some among the ten disordered served as corner pillars. Each held the brush and threaded the spear, until heaven balanced and earth held firm. Yet I, stained and unworthy, was admitted twice to Chenming Hall. I held imperial words like funeral cords and wore the court cap bright as stars. I did not skirt the dike to peer into the well, yet each night I stayed wary and afraid.
28
承周任之有言，攬老子之知足。 奉烱誡以周旋，抱徽猷而與屬。 每有偃於唯塵，恒興言於寵辱。 思散髮以抽簪，願全真而守朴。 眷疏傅以徘徊，望申公而躑躅。 冀鄙志之獲展，庶微願之逢時。 歌致命而可卜，詠歸田而有期。 揖帝城以高逝，與人事而長辭。 擊壤而頌，結草而嬉。 援巢父以戲潁，追許子而升箕。 供暮餐於沆瀣，給朝餌於瓊芝。 同糟醨而無別，混名實而不治。 放言肆慾，無慮無思。 何鷦鷯之可賦，鴻鵠之為詩哉。
I took Zhou Ren's words to heart and embraced Laozi's teaching of enough. I kept bright warnings close in daily turn and held fine counsel as my trust. Often I lay down in nothing but dust and spoke again and again of favor and fall. I thought to let my hair fall loose and pull out the pin, to keep my wholeness and hold to plainness. I lingered toward Shu Fu's path and halted, gazing toward Lord Shen, unable to step forward. I hoped my low wish might open, that my small desire might meet its hour. I sang that surrendering life could be foretold and chanted return to the fields with a date in sight. I bowed to the imperial city and went away aloft, taking long leave of worldly affairs. I beat the clod in praise and wove grass for sport. I called on Nest Father to play by the Ying and followed Master Xu up Mount Ji. Evening meals came from the night dew; morning food from jade fungus. I shared lees and vinegar without distinction and mixed name and fact without ruling either. I let words run free and desire roam, without care, without scheme. Why write rhapsodies on the wren, or poems on the great swan?
29
尋加散騎常侍、殷州大中正、鎮南將軍、尚書左丞。 仍以本官兼散騎常侍使蕭衍。 後坐事免，論者以為非罪。
He was soon further appointed cadet regular palace attendant, grand rectifier of Yin Province, general who guards the south, and left assistant minister of works. He retained his original posts while also serving as cadet regular palace attendant on embassy to Xiao Yan. Later he was dismissed for an offense, though commentators held he was not guilty.
30
騫嘗贈親友盧元明、魏收詩曰：「幽棲多暇日，總駕萃荒坰。 南瞻帶宮雉，北睇拒畦瀛。 流火時將末，懸炭漸云輕。 寒風率已厲，秋水寂無聲。 層陰蔽長野，凍雨暗窮汀。 侶浴浮還沒，孤飛息且驚。 三褫俄終歲，一丸曾未營。 閑居同洛涘，歸身款武城。 稍旅原思藋，坐夢尹懃荊。 監河愛斗水，蘇子惜餘明。 益州達友趣，[4]廷尉辯交情。 豈若忻蓬蓽，收志偶沉冥。」 後詔兼太府少卿。 尋除征南將軍、給事黃門侍郎。 死於晉陽。 所著詩賦碑誄，別有集錄。 贈本將軍、太常、殷州刺史。 齊受禪，重贈使持節、侍中、都督殷滄二州諸軍事、車騎大將軍、儀同三司，仍殷州刺史，諡曰文惠。
Qian once gave his friends Lu Yuanming and Wei Shou a poem that begins: "Secluded life leaves many idle days; our whole train meets on the wild outskirts. South I look on palace pheasants along the belt-wall; north I gaze on fields that hold back the misty flats. The Fire Star's season draws to its close; the hanging charcoal, they say, turns light. The cold wind has already turned harsh; autumn waters lie silent, without a sound. Layered shade blankets the long wilds; freezing rain dims the distant shallows. Mates that bathed float up and sink again; a lone bird settles, then starts in fright. Three dismissals soon closed the year; one pellet of medicine was never prepared. Idle living like the Luo bank; I return my person in trust to Wucheng. For a while I lodge with Yuan Si's mugwort bed; seated, I dream Yin Qin's thorny path. The river overseer cherishes a dipper of water; Master Su grieves the last of the light. The inspector of Yizhou grasped friendship's pull; [4] the minister of justice argued over bonds of affection. Better to delight in thatched huts and gather one's will to sink into the hidden dark." Thereafter an edict appointed him concurrently vice director of the imperial storehouse. Soon he was appointed general who campaigns south and secretariat gentleman of the yellow gate in attendance. He died at Jinyang. His poems, rhapsodies, stele texts, and dirges are recorded in a separate collected volume. He was posthumously granted his former generalship, the ministry of ceremonies, and the governorship of Yin Province. When Qi took the throne, he was again posthumously granted bearer of the staff, palace attendant, commander-in-chief of military affairs for Yin and Cang provinces, grand general of chariots and cavalry, and threefold peer with the three excellencies, still as governor of Yin Province, with the posthumous name Wenhui.
31
騫弟希禮，字景節。 武定末，通直散騎常侍。
Qian's younger brother Xili was styled Jingjie. Late in Wuding he was regular attendant direct and upright in the palace.
32
希遠庶長兄長劍，[5]興和中，梁州驃騎府長史。
Xiyuan's eldest son by a concubine was Changjian; [5] during the Xinghe period he served as chief clerk of the Liang Province Rapid Cavalry headquarters.
33
式弟弈，字景世。 美容貌，有才藝。 早歷顯職，散騎常侍、宿衞監、都官尚書，安平侯。 與兄敷同死。 太和初，文明太后追念弈兄弟，乃誅李訢，存問憲等一二家，[6]歲時賜以布帛。
Shi's younger brother Yi was styled Jingshi. Handsome in appearance, gifted in the arts. He rose early to eminent posts: cadet regular palace attendant, night guard supervisor, minister of the capital offices, and Marquis of Anping. He died together with his elder brother Fu. Early in Taihe the Civilized Empress Dowager, remembering Yi's brothers, had Li Xin executed, sent inquiries to Xian and one or two other households, [6] and at the seasons granted them cloth and silk.
34
弈別生弟冏，字道度。 少為中散。 逃避得免。 太和中，拜下大夫、南部給事。 出為龍驤將軍、南豫州刺史。 還，拜冠軍將軍。 尋除光祿大夫，守度支尚書。 二十一年，高祖幸長安，冏以咸陽山河險固，秦漢舊都，古稱陸海，勸高祖去洛陽而都之。 後高祖引見，笑而謂之曰：「卿一昨有啟，欲朕都此。 昔婁敬一說，漢祖即日西駕。 尚書今以西京說朕，仍使朕不廢東轅，當是獻可理殊，所以今古相反耳。」 冏對曰：「昔漢祖起於布衣，欲藉嶮以自固，婁敬之言，合於本旨。 今陛下百世重光，德洽四海，事同隆周，均其職貢，是以愚臣獻說，不能上動。」 高祖大悅。 其年冏卒。 賜錢二十萬，布百匹，朝服一具，衣一襲。 冏性鯁烈，敢直言，常面折高祖，彈駁公卿，無所回避，百僚皆憚之。 高祖常加優禮，故車駕巡幸，恒兼尚書右僕射。 雖才學不及諸兄，然公強當世，堪濟過之。
Yi's younger half-brother Jiong was styled Daodu. In youth he served as a regular attendant. He fled and escaped death. During Taihe he was appointed lower grand master and attendant of the southern section. He was sent out as general of the dragon might and governor of Southern Yuzhou. On his return he was appointed general who wins the campaign. Soon he was appointed grand master of splendid happiness and acting minister of revenue. In the twenty-first year the High Ancestor visited Chang'an; Jiong, noting that Xianyang's mountains and rivers were strong, that it was the old capital of Qin and Han and anciently called the land-sea, urged him to leave Luoyang and establish his capital there. Later the High Ancestor received him and said with a smile, "You recently memorialized wishing that We make this Our capital. Once Lou Jing spoke, and the Han founder that very day turned his carriage west. Our director of the secretariat urged the western capital on Us, yet still kept Us from abandoning the eastern road—the case offered and its logic must differ, and so ancient and present run opposite." Jiong replied, "Formerly the Han founder rose from common cloth and wished to rely on perilous ground to secure himself; Lou Jing's words matched that aim. Now Your Majesty's hundred generations shine anew, your virtue fills the four seas, your affairs match the lofty Zhou, and all realms bring equal tribute—so this foolish minister's counsel could not move you." The High Ancestor was greatly pleased. That year Jiong died. He was granted two hundred thousand cash, a hundred bolts of cloth, one set of court robes, and one suit of garments. Jiong was blunt and fierce by nature; he dared speak plainly, often rebuking the High Ancestor to his face and impeaching dukes and ministers without shrinking from anyone, and every officeholder feared him. The High Ancestor often treated him with special favor; hence whenever the imperial carriage went on tour, he was regularly also right vice director of the secretariat. Though his learning and talent did not match his elder brothers, his public forcefulness in his age surpassed what they could achieve.
35
子祐，字長禧。 篤穆友于，見稱於世。 歷位給事中、尚書祠部郎、相州撫軍府長史、司空從事中郎、博陵太守。 所在亦以清幹著稱。
His son You was styled Changxi. Deeply earnest and brotherly, he won praise throughout the realm. He served as supervising secretary, secretariat master of sacrifices, chief steward of the pacifying-army headquarters in Xiang Province, attendant gentleman to the minister of works, and administrator of Boling. In every post he was likewise noted for integrity and competence.
36
祐弟太，字季寧。 涉歷書傳。 太尉行軍員外郎。
You's younger brother Tai was styled Jining. He ranged widely through books and historical records. He served as extraordinary officer on the grand marshal's campaign staff.
37
順弟修基，陳留太守。 卒。
Shun's younger brother Xiuji served as administrator of Chenliu. He died.
38
子探幽。 探幽兄子洪鸞，河間太守。
His son was Tan You. Tan You's elder brother's son Hongluan served as administrator of Hejian.
39
洪鸞孫悕傑，樂陵太守。 武定中，以貪汙賜死。
Hongluan's grandson Xijie served as administrator of Leling. During the Wuding era he was sentenced to death for corruption.
40
脩基季弟惲，字善祖，小字藥囊。 少有高名，為中書侍郎。 從世祖征涼州，戰沒。 時人咸惜焉。
Xiuji's youngest younger brother Yun was styled Shanzu; his pet name was Medicine Pouch. In youth he enjoyed a lofty reputation and served as secretariat vice director. He followed Emperor Shizu on the Liangzhou campaign and fell in battle. People of the time all lamented his loss.
41
初順與從兄靈、從弟孝伯並以學識器業見重於時，故能砥礪宗族，競各修尚。 靈與族叔詵、族弟熙等俱被徵。 事在高允高士頌。 [7]
At first Shun, his cousin Ling, and his cousin Xiaobo were all esteemed for learning and capacity; they sharpened the clan, and each strove to cultivate himself. Ling, his clan uncle Shen, his clan younger brother Xi, and others were all summoned to office. The matter is recorded in Gao Yong's Eulogy of Eminent Scholars. Editorial note [7].
42
詵，字令孫。 京兆太守。 詵後繼。 〈闕〉
Shen was styled Lingsun. He served as administrator of Jingzhao. Shen's line continued through his descendants. 〈Lacuna in the text.〉
43
秀林，小名榼。 性強直。 太和中，自中書博士為頓丘相，豪右畏之。 景明初，試守博陵郡，批強扶弱，政以威嚴為名。 以母憂去職。 後為太尉諮議參軍，假節，行荊州事。 拜司徒司馬，加冠軍將軍、定州大中正、太中大夫。 正光中卒，年六十三。 贈左將軍、齊州刺史。
Xiulin's pet name was Jar. He was firm and upright by nature. During the Taihe era he rose from secretariat doctor to magistrate of Dunqiu, and the local magnates feared him. At the start of the Jingming era he acted as administrator of Boling, striking down the strong and supporting the weak; his rule was famed for stern authority. He left office to mourn his mother. Later he served as counselor and staff officer to the grand marshal, with provisional tally, acting in Jing Province affairs. He was appointed master of ceremonies to the minister of education, with the added ranks of general who champions, chief rectifier of Ding Province, and grand master of the palace. He died during the Zhengguang era at the age of sixty-three. Posthumously he was granted the titles left general and governor of Qi Province.
44
子裔，字徽伯。 出後秀林兄鳳林。 裔初除汝南王悅常侍，稍遷定州別駕。 孝昌中，為定州鎮軍長史，加輔國將軍，帶博陵太守。 于時逆賊杜洛周侵亂州界，尋假平北將軍，防城都督。 賊既圍城，裔潛引洛周，州遂陷沒。 洛周僭竊，特無綱紀，至於市令驛帥，咸以為王，呼曰市王、驛王。 乃封裔為定州王。 洛周尋為葛榮所滅，裔仍事榮。 永安初，尒朱榮既擒葛榮，遂縶裔及高敖曹、薛脩義、李無為等於晉陽。 從榮至洛。 榮死乃免。 普泰初，以裔為持節、散騎常侍、安北將軍、兼給事黃門侍郎、慰勞山東大使。 永熙中，除鎮東將軍、金紫光祿大夫、齊獻武王大丞相諮議參軍。 天平初，以預定策之功，封固安縣開國伯，食邑四百戶，加征東將軍。 車駕遷鄴，為大行臺右丞，留在洛陽，監修宮殿。 尋除使持節、大將軍、陝州刺史。 [8]四年八月，宇文黑獺攻陷州城，被執見害，年五十。 詔贈使持節、都督定冀瀛殷四州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、尚書令、司徒公、定州刺史。
His son Yi was styled Huibo. He was adopted as heir to Xiulin's elder brother Fenglin. Yi was first appointed regular attendant to the Prince of Runan, Yue, then gradually promoted to vice administrator of Ding Province. During the Xiaochang era he served as chief steward of the pacifying-army headquarters in Ding Province, with the added rank of general who assists the state and concurrent administrator of Boling. At that time the rebel Du Luozhou was ravaging the provincial borders; Yi was soon made provisional general who pacifies the north and commander for the defense of the city. When the rebels besieged the city, Yi secretly admitted Luozhou, and the province fell. Luozhou usurped power and kept no discipline at all—even market overseers and post-station chiefs were made kings, called the Market King and the Post King. Thereupon Yi was enfeoffed as king of Ding Province. Luozhou was soon destroyed by Ge Rong, and Yi continued to serve Rong. At the start of the Yong'an era, after Erzhu Rong captured Ge Rong, he bound Yi together with Gao Aocao, Xue Xiuyi, Li Wuwei, and others at Jinyang. He followed Rong to Luoyang. When Rong died he was released. At the start of the Putai era Yi was appointed bearer of the staff, regular attendant of the scattered cavalry, general who pacifies the north, concurrent secretariat gentleman of the yellow gate in attendance, and grand envoy to console the eastern provinces. During the Yongxi era he was appointed general who guards the east, grand master of splendid happiness with golden seal and purple ribbon, and counselor and staff officer to the grand chancellor of the Prince of Qi, Xian. At the start of the Tianping era, for his merit in the prior planning of the coup, he was enfeoffed as founding baron of Gu'an with a fief of four hundred households and additionally made general who campaigns east. When the court moved to Ye, he became right vice director of the grand mobile office, remained in Luoyang, and supervised repairs to the palaces. Soon he was appointed bearer of the staff with full credentials, grand general, and governor of Shan Province. [8] In the eighth month of the fourth year Yuwen Heita captured the provincial city; Yi was seized and killed at the age of fifty. An edict posthumously granted him bearer of the staff with full credentials, commander-in-chief of military affairs in Ding, Ji, Ying, and Yin provinces, general of agile cavalry, director of the secretariat, duke of the minister of education, and governor of Ding Province.
45
子直，襲。 [9]武定末，司徒屬。 齊受禪，例降。
His son Zhi succeeded to the title. [9] At the end of the Wuding era he served as an aide in the ministry of education. When Qi received the abdication, his rank was reduced as usual.
46
裔弟景義，大司馬諮議參軍、殷州大中正。
Yi's younger brother Jingyi served as counselor and staff officer to the grand marshal and chief rectifier of Yin Province.
47
景義弟伯穆，武定末，合州刺史。
Jingyi's younger brother Bomu served at the end of the Wuding era as governor of He Province.
48
秀林從弟煥，字仲文，小字醜瓌。 有幹用。 少與酈道元俱為李彪所知。 自給事中轉治書侍御史。 恒州刺史穆泰據代都謀反，高祖詔煥與任城王澄推治之。 煥先驅至州，宣旨曉喻，仍誅泰等。 景明初，遷司空從事中郎。 蕭寶卷豫州刺史裴叔業以壽春歸附，詔煥以本官為軍司，與楊大眼、奚康生等率眾迎接。 煥至淮西，叔業兄子植遣使送質。 煥等濟師，入城撫慰，民咸忻悅。 仍行揚州事，賜爵容城伯。 軍還，行河內郡事。 拜司徒右長史。 以荊蠻擾動，敕煥兼散騎常侍慰勞之，降者萬餘家。 除輔國將軍、梁州刺史。 時武興氐楊集起舉兵作逆，令弟集義邀斷白馬戍。 敕假煥平西將軍，督別將石長樂、統軍王祐等與軍司苟金養俱討之，大破集起軍。 會秦州民呂苟兒反，煥仍令長樂等由麥積崖赴援。 屬都督元麗至，遂共平之。 時氐王楊定進猶據方山，與苟兒影響，煥密募氐趙芒路斬定進。 還朝，遇患卒，時年四十四。 贈征虜將軍、幽州刺史，諡曰昭。
Xiulin's cousin Huan was styled Zhongwen; his pet name was Ugly Jade. He possessed practical ability. In youth he and Li Daoyuan were both recognized by Li Biao. He rose from supervising secretary to attendant imperial censor with jurisdiction over documents. When Mu Tai, governor of Heng Province, seized the Dai capital and plotted rebellion, the High Ancestor ordered Huan and the Prince of Rencheng, Cheng, to investigate and try the case. Huan went ahead to the province, proclaimed the imperial edict to explain the situation, and then executed Tai and his accomplices. At the start of the Jingming era he was transferred to attendant gentleman of the minister of works. When Pei Shuye, governor of Yu Province under Xiao Baojuan, surrendered Shouchun, an edict appointed Huan army steward in his present office; with Yang Dayan, Xi Kangsheng, and others he led troops to receive the city. When Huan reached the Huai west, Shuye's elder brother's son Zhi sent envoys with hostages. Huan and his men crossed with the army, entered the city to reassure the people, and the populace rejoiced. He then acted in Yang Province affairs and was granted the title baron of Rongcheng. When the army returned, he acted in Henei commandery affairs. He was appointed right chief steward to the minister of education. When the Jing barbarians were in unrest, an edict appointed Huan concurrently regular attendant of the scattered cavalry to console them, and more than ten thousand households submitted. He was appointed general who assists the state and governor of Liang Province. At that time Yang Jiq of the Wuxing Di raised troops in rebellion and ordered his younger brother Jiyi to cut off the White Horse garrison. An edict provisionally made Huan general who pacifies the west and put him in command of detached generals Shi Changle, commandery commander Wang You, and others, together with army steward Gou Jinyang, to campaign against them; they routed Jiq's army. When the Qinzhou native Lü Gou'er rebelled, Huan still ordered Changle and the others to march by Maiji Cliff to relieve the situation. When area commander Yuan Li arrived, they pacified the rebellion together. At that time the Di king Yang Dingjin still held Mount Fang in concert with Gou'er; Huan secretly recruited the Di Zhao Manglu to ambush and behead Dingjin. On returning to court he fell ill and died at the age of forty-four. He was posthumously granted general who campaigns against the barbarians and governor of You Province, with the posthumous title Zhao.
49
子密，武定中，襄州刺史。
His son Mi served during the Wuding era as governor of Xiang Province.
50
秀林族子肅，字彥邕。 歷奉朝請，清河王懌郎中令。 稍遷洛陽令、步兵校尉、員外常侍。 初謟附侍中元暉，後以左道事侍中穆紹。 常裸身被髮，畫腹銜刀，於隱屏之處為紹求福，故紹愛之。 延昌四年，薦肅為黃門郎，加光祿大夫。 肅為性酒狂，熙平初從靈太后幸江陽王繼第，肅時侍飲，頗醉，言辭不遜，抗辱太傅、清河王懌，為有司彈劾。 靈太后怒之，出為章武內史。 歲餘，遷右將軍、夏州刺史。 卒，贈左將軍、齊州刺史。
Xiulin's clansman Su was styled Yanyong. He served as court attendant in regular attendance and master of the household to the Prince of Qinghe, Yi. He was gradually promoted to magistrate of Luoyang, colonel of the footsoldiers, and extraordinary regular attendant. At first he fawned on attendant-in-chief Yuan Hui; later he served attendant-in-chief Mu Shao with heterodox rites. He often went naked with hair unbound, painted his belly and held a knife between his teeth, and in hidden screened chambers performed rites to seek blessings for Shao—therefore Shao favored him. In the fourth year of the Yanchang era he recommended Su as gentleman of the yellow gate, with the added rank of grand master of splendid happiness. Su was by nature given to wine and wild behavior; at the start of the Xiping era he accompanied Empress Dowager Ling on a visit to the Prince of Jiangyang's mansion, where he was attending the drinking, became quite drunk, spoke disrespectfully, and openly insulted the grand tutor, the Prince of Qinghe, Yi; the authorities impeached him. Empress Dowager Ling was angry with him and sent him out as internal administrator of Zhangwu. After more than a year he was transferred to right general and governor of Xia Province. He died and was posthumously granted the titles left general and governor of Qi Province.
51
肅從弟曒，字景林。 有學識。 初除奉朝請，太學博士、司空主簿。 以母憂去職。 服闋，拜左軍將軍。 正光中，元叉以其弟羅為青州刺史，曒為羅平東府長史。 遷廷尉少卿、殷州大中正。 孝昌二年冬，卒，年五十七。 贈平東將軍、齊州刺史，諡曰宣。
Su's cousin Liao was styled Jinglin. He possessed learning and knowledge. He was first appointed court attendant in regular attendance, doctor of the imperial academy, and chief clerk to the minister of works. He left office to mourn his mother. When his mourning ended, he was appointed general of the left army. During the Zhengguang era Yuan Cha appointed his younger brother Luo governor of Qing Province, and Liao served as Luo's chief steward of the eastern headquarters at Ping. He was promoted to vice director of the court of justice and senior rectifier of Yin Province. He died in the winter of the second year of Xiaochang, at the age of fifty-seven. He was posthumously given the titles general who pacifies the east and governor of Qi Province, with the posthumous name Xuan.
52
子慎，武定中，東平太守。
His son Shen served as administrator of Dongping during Wuding.
53
曒從弟仲琁，奉朝請、定雍二州長史、太尉諮議、中散、太中大夫、東郡汲郡二郡太守、司徒左長史、弘農太守。 先是，宮牛二姓阻嶮為害，仲琁示以威惠，並即歸伏。 還除衞將軍、金紫光祿大夫。 仍除北雍州刺史，將軍如故。 轉車騎將軍、左光祿大夫。 天平初，遷都於鄴，以仲琁為營構將作，[10]進號衞大將軍。 出除車騎大將軍、兗州刺史。 仲琁以孔子廟牆宇頗有頹毀，遂修改焉。 還，除將作大匠。 所歷並清勤有聲。 年六十六，卒。 贈驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、青州刺史。
Qiao's younger cousin Zhongzhen held successive posts as regular attendant at court, chief clerk of Ding and Yong provinces, staff counselor to the grand commander, palace attendant, grand master of the palace, administrator of Dong and Ji commanderies, left chief clerk of the secretariat, and administrator of Hongnong. Earlier the Gong and Niu clans had preyed on the region from its rugged terrain; Zhongzhen showed them both force and favor, and they submitted at once. On his return he was appointed general of the guard and grand master of splendid happiness with golden seal and purple ribbon. He was then named governor of Northern Yong Province while retaining his rank as general. He was transferred to general of the chariots and cavalry and left grand master of splendid happiness. At the start of Tianping, when the court moved the capital to Ye, Zhongzhen was appointed director of palace construction for the new works[10] and promoted to grand general of the guard. He was sent out to serve as grand general of the chariots and cavalry and governor of Yan Province. Finding the walls and buildings of Confucius's temple in considerable decay, Zhongzhen had them repaired. On his return he was appointed master of works. Every office he held won him renown for integrity and diligence. He died at the age of sixty-six. He was posthumously given the titles pillar-general of the cavalry, companionship equaling the three excellencies, and governor of Qing Province.
54
子希良，侍御史。
His son Xiliang served as attending imperial censor.
55
詵從子善，犯孝靜諱。 趙郡太守。
Shen's grand-nephew Shan had violated the taboo name of Emperor Xiaojing. He was administrator of Zhao Commandery.
56
子顯進，州主簿。
His son Xianjin served as provincial registrar.
57
顯進子映，字輝道。 南安王國常侍、光州征虜府主簿、相州治中、寧朔將軍、步兵校尉。 孝昌三年冬卒，年四十二。 天平中，贈通直散騎常侍、輔國將軍、殷州刺史。
Xianjin's son Ying was styled Huidao. He served as regular attendant of the kingdom of Nan'an, registrar on the pacification-of-barbarians staff of Guang Province, secretariat assistant of Xiang Province, general who pacifies the north, and colonel of the infantry. He died in the winter of the third year of Xiaochang, at the age of forty-two. During Tianping he was posthumously given the titles regular attendant of the direct channel, general who assists the state, and governor of Yin Province.
58
子普濟，武定中，北海太守。
His son Puji served as administrator of Beihai during Wuding.
59
映弟育，字仲遠。 奉朝請。 稍遷揚烈將軍、奉車都尉、都督相州防城別將。 以拒葛榮之勳，賜爵趙郡公。 後除征東將軍、金紫光祿大夫。 天平四年夏卒，年五十七。 贈驃騎大將軍、都官尚書、定州刺史，諡曰貞。
Ying's younger brother Yu was styled Zhongyuan. He was appointed regular attendant at court. He was gradually promoted to general who displays fierceness, commandant of the imperial carriages, and separate commander in charge of defending the cities of Xiang Province. For his merit in resisting Ge Rong he was enfeoffed as marquis of Zhao Commandery. Later he was appointed general who pacifies the east and grand master of splendid happiness with golden seal and purple ribbon. He died in the summer of the fourth year of Tianping, at the age of fifty-seven. He was posthumously given the titles pillar-general of the cavalry, minister of justice, and governor of Ding Province, with the posthumous name Zhen.
60
子惜，襲。 武定末，齊文襄王大將軍府記室參軍。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Xi inherited the title. At the end of Wuding he served as staff recorder in Prince Wenxiang of Qi's grand general headquarters. When Qi took the throne, his noble title was reduced in the usual manner.
61
顯進弟恃顯，位至左中郎將。 卒，贈中壘將軍、安州刺史。 恃顯養京兆王愉妾楊氏為女，愉改楊姓為李，而親念恃顯。 恃顯子道舒與愉同逆。 愉敗，走免。
Xianjin's younger brother Shixian rose to the post of left commandant of the palace guards. He died and was posthumously given the titles general of the central ramparts and governor of An Province. Shixian raised Prince Yu of Jingzhao's concubine Lady Yang as his own daughter; Yu changed her surname from Yang to Li, yet remained personally attached to Shixian. Shixian's son Daoshu joined Yu in his rebellion. When Yu was defeated, Daoshu fled and escaped punishment.
62
第三子道璩，武定末，范陽太守。
His third son Daoquan served as administrator of Fanyang at the end of Wuding.
63
道璩弟道瓘，少以父譴被刑，位至中常侍。
Daoquan's younger brother Daoguan had been punished with mutilation in his youth because of his father's offense, yet eventually rose to palace attendant.
64
恃顯弟曄，字季顯，涉歷書史。 司徒行參軍。 稍遷濟州輔國府長史。 坐兄事免。 後除尚書中兵郎，遷冠軍、中散大夫。 正光二年，南荊州刺史桓叔興驅掠城民，叛入蕭衍，衍資以兵糧，令築谷陂城以立洛州，逼土山戍。 詔曄持節、兼尚書左丞為行臺，督諸軍討叔興，大破之。 乘勝拔谷陂，叔興退走。 軍還，仍除尚書左丞。 出除洛州刺史，將軍如故。 未拜，卒。 贈左將軍、齊州刺史。
Shixian's younger brother Ye, styled Jixian, had studied the classics and histories thoroughly. He served as acting staff officer under the minister of works. He was gradually promoted to chief clerk of the pacification-of-the-state staff of Ji Province. He was dismissed from office on account of his elder brother's case. Later he was appointed gentleman of the secretariat's military bureau, then promoted to champion and palace attendant-in-ordinary. In the second year of Zhenguang, Huan Shuxing, governor of Southern Jing Province, drove off and plundered the city's people and defected to Xiao Yan, who supplied him with troops and grain and ordered him to build Gubei city to establish Luo Province and press upon Tushan garrison. An edict appointed Ye as commissioner bearing the staff of authority and concurrent left vice director of the secretariat, placed him in charge of the armies sent against Shuxing, and he won a great victory. Pressing the victory, he captured Gubei, and Shuxing withdrew and fled. When the army returned, he was appointed left vice director of the secretariat. He was sent out as governor of Luo Province while retaining his rank as general. He died before he could take up the appointment. He was posthumously given the titles general of the left and governor of Qi Province.
65
子暉賓，美容貌，寬和沉雅。 太學博士。
His son Huibin was handsome in appearance, open-hearted, gentle, and refined in manner. He served as doctor of the imperial university.
66
暉賓弟山儒，少而清立，學涉羣書。 山儒少弟大蓋。 並早卒。
Huibin's younger brother Shanru had been upright and serious from youth and had read widely across the classics. Shanru's youngest brother was Dagai. Both died young.
67
曄族弟孝怡，字悅宗。 中書學生、相州高陽王雍主簿、廣陵王羽掾、新蔡太守、別將蕭寶夤長史。 從中山王英破蕭衍臨川王蕭宏於梁城。 除朔州安北府長史，又為中堅將軍、相州鎮北府長史。 遷冠軍將軍、魏郡太守。 相州刺史、中山王熙據鄴起兵也，孝怡陰結募城民與熙長史柳元章、別駕游荊之等率眾擒熙，賞爵昌樂伯。 靈太后反政，以孝怡叉黨，除名為民。 後安樂王鑒鎮鄴，起孝怡為別將。 永安初，除左將軍、太中大夫，仍為防城都督。 以拒葛榮之勳，賜爵趙郡公，拜撫軍將軍、光祿大夫。 永安三年，行殷州事。 遷驃騎大將軍、左光祿大夫。 武定六年卒，八十。
Ye's clan cousin Xiaoyi was styled Yuezong. He was a student of the palace secretariat, registrar to the prince of Gaoyang of Xiang Province, aide to the prince of Guangling, administrator of Xincai, and chief clerk to separate commander Xiao Baoyin. He followed Prince Ying of Zhongshan in defeating Xiao Yan's prince of Linchuan, Xiao Hong, at Liangcheng. He was appointed chief clerk of the pacification-of-the-north staff of Shuo Province, then served as general of the central fortress and chief clerk of the defense-of-the-north staff of Xiang Province. He was promoted to general who champions and administrator of Wei Commandery. When Prince Xi of Zhongshan, governor of Xiang Province, seized Ye and rose in revolt, Xiaoyi secretly recruited townspeople and, together with Xi's chief clerk Liu Yuanzhang, vice governor You Jingzhi, and others, led them to capture Xi; he was rewarded with the title marquis of Changle. When Empress Dowager Ling regained power, Xiaoyi was removed from the rolls and reduced to commoner status as a member of Yuan Cha's faction. Later, when Prince Jian of Anle was posted to Ye, he appointed Xiaoyi separate commander. At the start of Yong'an he was appointed general of the left and grand master of the palace, and continued as commander in charge of city defense. For his merit in resisting Ge Rong he was enfeoffed as marquis of Zhao Commandery and appointed general who pacifies the army and grand master of splendid happiness. In the third year of Yong'an he acted as administrator of Yin Province. He was promoted to pillar-general of the cavalry and left grand master of splendid happiness. He died in the sixth year of Wuding, at the age of eighty.
68
子思道，儀同開府中兵參軍，武城縣公。
His son Sidao served as military staff officer in the companionship-equaling open office and held the title duke of Wucheng county.
69
熙，字仲熙。 神䴥中，與高允等俱被徵，拜中書博士，轉侍郎。 以使沮渠有功，賜爵元氏子，加中壘將軍。 卒，贈鎮東將軍、豫州刺史，諡曰莊。
Xi was styled Zhongxi. During Shengui he was summoned together with Gao Yun and others, appointed doctor of the palace secretariat, and later promoted to vice director. For merit on the mission against the Juqu he was granted the title viscount of Yuanshi and promoted to general of the central ramparts. He died and was posthumously given the titles general who pacifies the east and governor of Yu Province, with the posthumous name Zhuang.
70
子季主，襲。 卒，贈青州刺史，諡曰貞。
His son Jizhu inherited the title. He died and was posthumously given the title governor of Qing Province, with the posthumous name Zhen.
71
子遺元，襲。 初除冀州趙郡王幹東閤祭酒，累轉尚書左民郎中、冀州京兆王愉功曹參軍，帶扶柳令。 為愉所親，逼與同反。 愉敗，遺元逃竄，會赦乃雪。 復除兗州平東府長史。 後拜中堅將軍、殷州征北將軍長史。 卒，年六十三。 贈征北將軍、定州刺史。
His son Yiyuan inherited the title. He was first appointed east pavilion libationer to the prince of Zhao Commandery of Ji Province, then rose through the posts of gentleman of the secretariat's people bureau and staff officer to the prince of Jingzhao of Ji Province, while also serving as magistrate of Fuzhu. Yu favored him and forced him to join the rebellion. When Yu was defeated, Yiyuan fled into hiding and was cleared only when a general amnesty was issued. He was again appointed chief clerk of the eastern pacification office of Yan Province. Later he was appointed general of the central fortress and chief clerk to the pacification-of-the-north general of Yin Province. He died at the age of sixty-three. He was posthumously given the titles general who pacifies the north and governor of Ding Province.
72
子恃寧，以父事被刑。 武定末，官至中尹。
His son Shining had been punished with mutilation on account of his father's case. By the end of Wuding he had risen to central steward.
73
恃寧弟子寧，襲爵。 開府默曹參軍。 [11]齊受禪，爵例降。
Shining's nephew Ning inherited the title. He served as staff officer of the silent bureau in the open office. [11]When Qi took the throne, his noble title was reduced in the usual manner.
74
熙族孫蘭和，自右軍將軍歷平陽、勃海二郡太守。
Xi's clan grandson Lanhe served from general of the right army through the governorships of Pingyang and Bohai commanderies.
75
蘭和弟蘭集，平昌太守。
Lanhe's younger brother Lanji was administrator of Pingchang.
76
熙族孫同軌。 [12]體貌魁岸，腰帶十圍。 學綜諸經，多所治誦，兼讀釋氏，又好醫術。 年二十二，舉秀才，射策，除奉朝請，領國子助教。 轉著作郎，典儀注，修國史。 遷國子博士，加征虜將軍。
Xi's clan grandson was Tonggui. [12]He was tall and imposing in bearing, with a waist ten spans around. He had mastered many of the classics through extensive study and recitation, read Buddhist texts as well, and was also fond of medicine. At twenty-two he was recommended as a cultivated talent, passed the archery examination, was appointed regular attendant at court, and concurrently served as assistant instructor of the national university. He was transferred to gentleman of the composition bureau, where he oversaw ritual protocols and worked on the national history. He was promoted to doctor of the national university with the additional title general who subdues the barbarians.
77
永熙二年，出帝幸平等寺，僧徒講說，敕同軌論難，音韻閒朗，往復可觀，出帝善之。 三年春釋菜，詔延公卿學官於顯陽殿，敕祭酒劉廞講孝經，黃門李郁講禮記，中書舍人盧景宣解大戴禮夏小正篇。 時廣招儒學，引令預聽。 同軌經義素優，辯析兼美，而不得執經，深為慨恨。 天平中，[13]轉中書侍郎。 興和中，兼通直散騎常侍，使蕭衍。 衍深耽釋學，遂集名僧於其愛敬、同泰二寺，講湼槃大品經，引同軌預席，衍兼遣其臣並共觀聽。 同軌論難久之，道俗咸以為善。
In the second year of the Yongxi era, the emperor visited Pingdeng Temple. When the monks lectured, he ordered Tonggui to debate with them. Tonggui's voice was clear and measured, his exchanges polished and engaging, and the emperor was pleased. In spring of the third year, at the vegetable-offering ceremony, an edict summoned the nobles and academic officials to the Hall of Brilliant Yang. The libationer Liu Yin was ordered to lecture on the Classic of Filial Piety, Huangmen attendant Li Yu on the Record of Rites, and secretariat gentleman Lu Jingxuan to explicate the "Xia Xiaozheng" chapter of the Elder Dai's Record of Rites. Confucian scholars were being recruited widely at the time, and he was invited to join the audience. Tonggui had long excelled in classical interpretation and was equally gifted at analysis and debate, yet he was not permitted to hold the lectern, which he deeply regretted. During the Tianping era, [13] he was transferred to vice director of the secretariat. During the Xinghe era he also served as regular attendant of the unimpeded office of the imperial secretariat and went as envoy to Xiao Yan. Yan was deeply devoted to Buddhist studies. He gathered eminent monks at his Ai'ai and Tongtai temples to lecture on the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, invited Tonggui to take part, and also sent his ministers to attend and listen. Tonggui debated at length, and clergy and laity alike praised his performance.
78
盧景裕卒，齊獻武王引同軌在館教諸公子，甚嘉禮之，每旦入授，日暮始歸。 緇素請業者，同軌夜為解說，四時恒爾，不以為倦。 武定四年夏卒，年四十七，時人傷惜之。 齊獻武王亦殊嗟悼，賻襚甚厚。 贈驃騎大將軍、瀛州刺史，諡曰康。
When Lu Jingyu died, Prince Xianwu of Qi brought Tonggui into his household to teach the princes' sons, treating him with exceptional courtesy. Each morning he arrived to instruct them and did not return home until evening. When monks and laymen came seeking instruction, Tonggui would explain for them at night. He did this through all four seasons without ever growing weary. He died in the summer of the fourth year of Wuding, at the age of forty-seven, and people of the time mourned his loss. Prince Xianwu of Qi also grieved him deeply and sent very lavish funeral gifts and burial regalia. Posthumously he was given the titles general of agile cavalry and governor of Ying Province, with the posthumous name Kang.
79
同軌兄義深，武定中，齊州刺史。
Tonggui's elder brother Yishen was governor of Qi Province during the Wuding era.
80
同軌弟幼舉，安德太守。 武定中，以在郡貪汙，輒召部曲還京師，棄市。
Tonggui's younger brother Youju was administrator of Ande. During the Wuding era, for corruption in his commandery, he was immediately summoned back to the capital with his personal troops and executed in the marketplace.
81
幼舉弟之良，有幹用。 前將軍、尚書金部郎。 卒。
Youju's younger brother Zhiliang was capable and effective. He served as former general and gentleman of the secretariat, gold section. He died.
82
之良弟稚廉，武定末，并州儀同開府長史。
Zhiliang's younger brother Zhilian, at the end of the Wuding era, was senior aide to the office with the prestige of equal to the three excellencies in Bing Province.
83
史臣曰：李順器宇才識，一時推重，謀宣中國，氣折外蕃。 所以世祖垂心，而崔浩側目。 敷式兄弟，位望並高。 憲風度恢雅，夙重朝列。 而遭隨有命，報施俱爽。 嗚呼！ 以茲盛德，克廣其猷，宗緒扶疏，人位盛顯，可謂李雖舊族，其世唯新矣。
The historian writes: Li Shun's bearing and talent won the esteem of his age; his counsel advanced the Central Domain, and his spirit humbled the outer tribes. Hence Emperor Shizu favored him, while Cui Hao looked on with resentment. The brothers Fu and Shi both rose to high rank and renown. Xian's bearing was broad and refined; from of old he was held in high regard at court. Yet he met with the fate ordained by the age that followed, and reward and requital alike went unfulfilled. Alas! With such abundant virtue they might have broadened their designs; the lineage flourished and spread, and men and offices rose to eminence. One may say that though the Li were an old clan, their age was ever new.
84
校勘記
Collation notes
85
似窮桑之世濟諸本「桑」作「葉」，獨局本作「桑」。 按左傳昭二十九年蔡墨稱少皡氏有四叔，「世不失職，遂濟窮桑」，賦用此典故。 今從局本。
"As if aiding the age of the exhausted mulberry": in all editions "mulberry" is written "leaf"; only the Bureau edition reads mulberry. According to the Zuo Commentary (Duke Zhao, year 29), Cai Mo said that Shaohao's clan had four uncles who "never lost their offices from generation to generation and thus aided the exhausted mulberry"—the fu-rhapsody draws on this allusion. The text now follows the Bureau edition.
86
求班莊而不遂按「班莊」不知所出。 前幾句都說讀書事，後漢書卷四０班固傳，稱固讀書禁中，或即指此，但「莊」字不可解，疑字訛。
"Seeking Ban and Zhuang yet not attaining": the source of "Ban Zhuang" is unknown. The preceding lines all concern reading. The biography of Ban Gu in Hou Han shu chapter 40 says that Gu read in the Forbidden Quarter—perhaps that is what is meant—but the character Zhuang cannot be explained and is probably a corruption.
87
若謝兼之來仕按後漢書卷六一左雄傳稱：「汝南謝廉、河南趙建年始十二，各能通經，雄並奏拜童子郎。」 上云：「騫年十四，國子學生」，事類謝廉，故以此為比。 「兼」當是「廉」之訛，否則後漢書「兼」訛「廉」。
"Like Xie Jian coming to office": according to the biography of Zuo Xiong in Hou Han shu chapter 61: "Xie Lian of Runan and Zhao Jian of Henan, at the age of twelve, each could master the classics; Xiong memorialized and appointed them both boy attendants." Above it says, "Qian at age fourteen was a student of the national university"; the case is analogous to Xie Lian, hence this comparison. Jian must be a corruption of Lian; otherwise Hou Han shu has Jian corrupted from Lian.
88
益州達友趣諸本「友」作「反」，北史卷三三李騫傳作「友」。 按漢書卷七二王吉傳云：「吉與貢禹為友，世稱『王陽 〈即吉〉 在位，貢公彈冠』，言其取舍同也。」 王吉曾官益州刺史，故稱他為「益州」。 御覽卷四０六 〈一八七九頁〉 引漢書，說王吉為益州刺史時薦貢禹，今漢書本傳無此語，或是誤引，但也可證此詩用的是王吉、貢禹事。 「反」字訛，今據改。
"The friendship-trend of Yizhou": in all editions "friend" is written "reverse"; the biography of Li Qian in Beishi chapter 33 reads friend. According to Han shu chapter 72, biography of Wang Ji: "Ji and Gong Yu were friends; the age called them 'Wang Yang 〈i.e., Ji〉 in office, Lord Gong dusted his cap,'" meaning their choices were alike. Wang Ji once served as governor of Yizhou, hence he is called "Yizhou." Imperial Readings (Yulan), chapter 406 〈p. 1879〉 cites Han shu, saying that when Wang Ji was governor of Yizhou he recommended Gong Yu. The present Han shu biography lacks this passage—it may be a mistaken citation—but it also shows that this poem draws on the story of Wang Ji and Gong Yu. The character fan (reverse) is corrupt; the text is now emended accordingly.
89
希遠庶長兄長劍北、汲、殿、局四本「長劍」單作「劍」，百衲本、南本作「長劍」。 北史卷三三、墓誌集釋李憲墓誌記李憲諸子皆無此人。 檢上文於騫子希遠下記「希遠兄長鈞，興和中，梁州驃騎府長史」。 長鈞是希遠兄，却排在希遠後，墓誌亦同，說明其為庶長子。 時、地、官位又全與長劍同。 八瓊室金石補正卷一八、越縵堂文集卷七跋李憲墓誌都認為長鈞、長劍實是一人，魏書誤分為二。 按魏收是長鈞弟李騫的「親友」 〈見上騫傳〉 ，不致謬誤至此。 疑他書「長鈞」偶訛「長劍」，後人以為二人，妄加此一行。
"Xiyuan's eldest son by a concubine, elder brother Changjian": in the Bei, Ji, Dian, and Bureau editions Changjian appears alone as Jian; the Patchwork and Southern editions read Changjian. Beishi chapter 33 and the epitaph of Li Xian in the collected exegesis of epitaphs list none of Li Xian's sons as this person. Checking the text above, under Qian's son Xiyuan it records "Xiyuan's elder brother Changjun, during Xinghe, senior aide of the agile cavalry office in Liang Province." Changjun was Xiyuan's elder brother yet is listed after Xiyuan; the epitaph agrees, showing that he was the eldest son by a concubine. The time, place, and office are also entirely the same as Changjian's. Supplement to Metal and Stone (Baqiong Studio), chapter 18, and the colophon to Li Xian's epitaph in Yue Mantang's collected works, chapter 7, both hold that Changjun and Changjian were in fact one person and that the Book of Wei mistakenly split them into two. According to this, Wei Shou was the "close friend" of Changjun's younger brother Li Qian 〈see the biography of Qian above〉 , and would not have erred to this degree. It is suspected that in another text Changjun was occasionally corrupted to Changjian, and later readers took them for two men and added this line without warrant.
90
存問憲等一二家按「一二家」當是「三家」之訛，指李順子敷、式、弈三家，或敷兄弟與從弟顯德、妹夫宋叔珍三家。 事見上文李敷傳。
"Inquiring after Xian and the one or two households": "one or two households" should be a corruption of "three households," referring either to the three households of Li Shun's sons Fu, Shi, and Yi, or to the Fu brothers together with their cousin Xiande and brother-in-law Song Shuzhen. The matter is described in the biography of Li Fu above.
91
事在高允高士頌李慈銘云：「『高士』當從北史作『徵士』。」
"The matter is in Gao Yun's Eulogy of Lofty Scholars": Li Ciming says, "Lofty scholar should follow Beishi and read recluse scholar."
92
尋除使持節大將軍陝州刺史北史卷三三李裔傳，「大將軍」上有「候衞」二字。 按李裔軍號先止「征東將軍」第二品，死後贈官是「驃騎大將軍」從第一品，不可能此時給以大將軍 〈正一品〉 的軍號。 但東魏初也沒有「候衞大將軍」之官。 疑是「衞大將軍」，此傳脫「衞」字，北史衍「候」字。
"Soon appointed bearer of the staff, grand general, and governor of Shan Province": in the biography of Li Yi in Beishi chapter 33, the two characters "garrison guard" appear above "grand general." Li Yi's military title had previously been only general who campaigns east, second rank; his posthumous gift was general of agile cavalry, sub-first rank. He could not at this time have been given the title grand general 〈first rank, positive grade〉 as a military title. But in early Eastern Wei there was also no office of garrison guard grand general. The title was probably guard grand general; this biography omits Guard, while Beishi adds Garrison.
93
子直襲北史卷三三「直」作「子旦」。 按隋書卷四六李雄傳也作「子旦」，這裏當脫「子」字，「旦」訛「直」。
"Zhi inherited": in Beishi chapter 33 Zhi is written Zidan. The biography of Li Xiong in Suishu chapter 46 also reads Zidan; here the character zi was probably omitted and dan was corrupted to zhi.
94
以仲琁為營構將作北史卷三三本傳無「作」字。 李慈銘云：「碑 〈李仲琁修孔子廟碑，見金石萃編卷三一〉 作『營構都將』，北史作『營構將』，疑當從碑，此『作』字涉下文 〈指將作大匠〉 而衍。」 按「營構都將」見卷四五韋閬附姜儉傳、卷四九李靈附李道傳、卷七六盧同傳、卷七九張熠傳，也或作「將作都將」，見卷八九羊祉傳 〈補〉 ，從未見「營構將作」之名。 疑本作「營構將」，省「都」字，與北史同，「作」字衍。
"Making Zhongwan director of works for construction": the main biography in Beishi chapter 33 lacks the character for works. Li Ciming says: "The stele 〈stele on the repair of the Confucius Temple by Li Zhongwan, see Jinshi cuibian chapter 31〉 reads 'construction commander-in-chief'; Beishi reads 'construction commander.' The stele is probably correct, and the character for works was drawn in from the text below 〈referring to the director of works〉 and added." "Construction commander-in-chief" appears in chapter 45 (Jiang Jian, appended to Wei Lang), chapter 49 (Li Dao, appended to Li Ling), chapter 76 (Lu Tong), and chapter 79 (Zhang Yi). It is also sometimes written "director of works commander-in-chief," as in chapter 89 (Yang Zhi) 〈supplement〉 , and the title "construction director of works" is never attested. The original probably read "construction commander," with "in-chief" omitted, matching Beishi, and the character for works is an addition.
95
開府默曹參軍按「默曹」當作「墨曹」，隋書卷二七百官志中稱北齊三師、二大、三公府屬官有「法、墨、田、水、鎧、集、士等曹行參軍」。 儀同三司加開府也有諸曹屬官，雖有減少，墨曹却未減。 北齊當因魏制。 魏書中「墨曹」常作「默曹」，今不改，以後也不再出校記。
"Staff officer of the silent section of the office": "silent section" should read "ink section." Suishu chapter 27, offices table, states that under the Northern Qi the three preceptors, two grand tutors, and the three excellencies' offices had staff officers of the law, ink, field, water, armor, collection, and scholar sections, among others. An office with the prestige of equal to the three excellencies that also opened a bureau likewise had subordinate officials of the various sections; though some were reduced, the ink section was not. Northern Qi presumably followed Wei institutions. In the Book of Wei "ink section" is often written "silent section"; it is not emended here, and no further collation notes on this will be given.
96
熙族孫同軌按卷八四儒林傳也有同軌傳，除傳首不同及傳末無「同軌弟幼舉」外，文字全同，實是一人二傳，參卷八四校記[一]。
"Xi's clan grandson Tonggui": chapter 84, Confucian Scholars, also has a biography of Tonggui. Apart from a different opening and the absence at the end of "Tonggui's younger brother Youju," the text is identical—it is one man entered twice. See collation note [1] in chapter 84.
97
天平中諸本「天平」作「太平」。 卷八四李同軌傳 〈此傳重出〉 作「天平」。 按上稱「永熙」，下稱「興和」，只能是「天平」。 「太」字訛，今據改。
"During Tianping": in all editions Tianping is written Taiping. Chapter 84, biography of Li Tonggui 〈this biography is duplicated〉 reads Tianping. Above it says Yongxi and below Xinghe—it can only be Tianping. The character tai (great) is corrupt; the text is now emended accordingly.