1
司馬休之司馬楚之司馬景之司馬叔璠司馬天助
Sima Xiuzhi, Sima Chuzhi, Sima Jingzhi, Sima Shufan, and Sima Tianzhu
2
司馬休之，字季豫，本河內溫人，晉宣帝季弟譙王遜之後也。 [1]司馬叡僭立江南，又以遜子孫襲封。 至休之父恬，為司馬昌明鎮北將軍、青兗二州刺史。
Sima Xiuzhi, whose courtesy name was Jiyu, was a native of Wen in Henan Commandery and a descendant of Prince of Qiao Sima Yi, the younger brother of Jin's Emperor Xuan. [1] When Sima Rui established his regime in the south, he allowed Yi's line to continue holding the princely title by inheritance. Xiuzhi's father Tian served under Emperor Xiaowu of Jin as General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Qing and Yan.
3
天興五年，休之為司馬德宗平西將軍、荊州刺史。 [2]為桓玄逼逐，遂奔慕容德。 劉裕誅玄後，還建鄴，裕復以休之為荊州刺史。 休之頗得江漢人心，劉裕疑其有異志。 而休之子文思繼休之兄尚之為譙王，謀圖裕，裕執送休之，令自為其所。 休之表廢文思，并與裕書陳謝。 神瑞中，裕收休之子文寶、兄子文祖，並殺之，乃率眾討休之。 休之上表自陳於德宗，與德宗鎮北將軍魯宗之、宗之子竟陵太守軌等起兵討裕。 裕軍至江陵，休之不能敵，遂與軌奔襄陽。 裕復進軍討之。 太宗遣長孫嵩屯河東，將為之援。 時姚興征虜將軍姚成王、冠軍將軍司馬國璠亦將兵救之，不及而還。 休之遂與子文思及宗之等奔於姚興。
In the fifth year of Tianxing, Xiuzhi held the posts of General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Jing under Emperor An of Jin. [2] Huan Xuan forced him from office, and he fled to Murong De. After Liu Yu killed Huan Xuan, Xiuzhi returned to Jiankang, and Liu Yu again made him Inspector of Jing. Xiuzhi had won strong loyalty in the Jiang and Han basin, and Liu Yu began to suspect disloyalty. Xiuzhi's son Wensi had inherited the title of Prince of Qiao from Xiuzhi's elder brother Shangzhi and plotted against Liu Yu. Liu Yu arrested Wensi and handed him to Xiuzhi, demanding that Xiuzhi punish him himself. Xiuzhi memorialized to strip Wensi of his rank and wrote Liu Yu a letter of apology. During the Shenrui era Liu Yu arrested Xiuzhi's son Wenbao and his nephew Wenzu, executed them both, and marched against Xiuzhi at the head of an army. Xiuzhi memorialized Emperor An in his own defense and, together with the emperor's General Who Pacifies the North Lu Zongzhi, Zongzhi's son Gui the Administrator of Jingling, and others, took up arms against Liu Yu. When Liu Yu's army reached Jiangling, Xiuzhi could not hold his ground and fled with Gui to Xiangyang. Liu Yu pressed the campaign and marched against them once more. Emperor Mingyuan sent Changsun Song to hold Hedong, planning to come to their aid. Yao Xing's General Who Captures Barbarians Yao Chengwang and Champion General Sima Guofan also marched to their relief, but arrived too late and withdrew. Xiuzhi fled with his son Wensi, Lu Zongzhi, and their party to Yao Xing.
4
裕滅姚泓，休之與文思及德宗河間王子道賜，輔國將軍溫楷，竟陵內史魯軌，荊州治中韓延之、殷約，平西參軍桓謐、桓璲及桓溫孫道度、道子，勃海刁雍，陳郡袁式等數百人，皆將妻子詣嵩降。 月餘，休之卒于嵩軍。 詔曰：「司馬休之率其同義，萬里歸誠，雅操不遂，中年殞喪，朕甚愍焉。 其追贈征西大將軍、右光祿大夫，諡始平聲公。」
After Liu Yu destroyed Yao Hong, Xiuzhi and Wensi, together with Prince Daoci of Hejian, Aid-the-State General Wen Kai, Jingling Interior Secretary Lu Gui, Jing provincial aides Han Yanzhi and Yin Yue, Pacify-the-West staff officers Huan Mi and Huan Lin, Huan Wen's grandsons Daodu and Daozi, Diao Yong of Bohai, Yuan Shi of Chen commandery, and several hundred others, all came with their families to surrender to Changsun Song. A little over a month later Xiuzhi died in Changsun Song's camp. An edict read: "Sima Xiuzhi led his companions in shared purpose across a thousand miles to submit in good faith. His noble aims were cut short and he died in his prime. We are deeply grieved. He was posthumously made General Who Conquers the West and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness on the Right, with the posthumous title Duke of Shisheng of Shiping."
5
子彌陀，襲爵。 以選尚臨涇公主，而辭以先取毗陵公竇瑾女。 與瑾並坐祝詛伏誅。
His son Moduo inherited the title. He was chosen to marry the Princess of Linjing but declined on the ground that he had already taken the daughter of Duke of Piling Dou Jin. He and Jin were both executed for practicing curse-rituals together.
6
司馬楚之，字德秀，晉宣帝弟太常馗之八世孫。 父榮期，司馬德宗梁益二州刺史，為其參軍楊承祖所殺。 楚之時年十七，送父喪還丹楊。 值劉裕誅夷司馬戚屬，叔父宣期、兄貞之並為所殺。 楚之乃亡匿諸沙門中濟江。 自歷陽西入義陽、竟陵蠻中。 及從祖荊州刺史休之為裕所敗，乃亡於汝潁之間。
Sima Chuzhi, whose courtesy name was Dexiu, was an eighth-generation descendant of Grand Master of Ceremonies Kui, the younger brother of Jin's Emperor Xuan. His father Rongqi had been Inspector of Liang and Yi under Emperor An of Jin and was murdered by his staff officer Yang Chengzu. Chuzhi was seventeen at the time and escorted his father's coffin back to Danyang. Liu Yu was then purging the Sima clan, and Chuzhi's uncle Xuanqi and elder brother Zhenzhi were both among those killed. Chuzhi hid among Buddhist monks and crossed the Yangzi to escape. From Liyang he made his way west into Yiyang and the tribal lands of Jingling. When his kinsman Xiuzhi, Inspector of Jing, was defeated by Liu Yu, he took refuge in the region between the Ru and Ying.
7
楚之少有英氣，能折節待士。 與司馬順明、道恭等所在聚黨。 及劉裕自立，楚之規欲報復，收眾據長社，歸之者常萬餘人。 劉裕深憚之，遣刺客沐謙害楚之。 楚之待謙甚厚。 謙夜詐疾，知楚之必自來，因欲殺之。 楚之聞謙病，果自齎湯藥往省之。 謙感其意，乃出匕首於席下，以狀告之曰：「將軍為裕所忌憚，願不輕率，以保全為先。」 楚之歎曰：「若如來言，雖有所防，恐有所失。」 謙遂委身以事之。 其推誠信物，得士之心，皆此類也。
From youth Chuzhi had a bold spirit and knew how to win men by treating them with respect. Wherever he went he gathered followers with Sima Shunming, Daogong, and others. After Liu Yu seized the throne, Chuzhi plotted revenge, rallied supporters, and seized Changshe, where more than ten thousand men regularly joined him. Liu Yu feared him deeply and sent the assassin Mu Qian to kill him. Chuzhi treated Qian with great kindness. Qian feigned illness one night, knowing Chuzhi would visit in person, and planned to kill him then. Hearing that Qian was ill, Chuzhi did come in person, bringing soup and medicine to nurse him. Moved by this kindness, Qian drew a dagger from beneath the mat and confessed: "General, Liu Yu fears and hates you. Please do not act rashly; your safety must come first." Chuzhi sighed and said: "Even if I took your advice and guarded myself, I would still fear failing in some way." Qian then gave himself wholly to Chuzhi's service. In winning men's hearts through sincerity and trust, he was always like this.
8
太宗末，山陽公奚斤略地河南，楚之遣使請降。 因表曰：「江淮以北，聞王師南首，無不抃舞，思奉德化。 而逼於寇逆，無由自致。 臣因民之欲，請率慕義為國前驅。 今皆白衣，無以制服人望。 若蒙偏裨之號，假王威以唱義，則莫不率從。」 於是假楚之使持節、征南將軍、荊州刺史。 奚斤既平河南，以楚之所率戶民分置汝南、南陽、南頓、新蔡四郡，[4]以益豫州。
Late in Emperor Mingyuan's reign, Duke of Shanyang Xi Jin was securing territory south of the Yellow River, and Chuzhi sent envoys to offer his surrender. In his memorial he wrote: "North of the Jiang and Huai, wherever word spreads that the imperial army is marching south, the people clap and rejoice, yearning to receive your civilizing rule. Yet pressed by rebels and invaders, they have had no way to reach you. Your servant, acting on the people's wish, asks to lead those who embrace your cause as the army's vanguard. We are all in plain dress and cannot yet command men's respect. If you granted us a subordinate command and lent us your authority to raise the standard of loyalty, none would fail to follow." He was then provisionally appointed Bearer of the Staff, General Who Conquers the South, and Inspector of Jing. After Xi Jin pacified the south bank of the Yellow River, the households Chuzhi had led were settled in Runan, Nanyang, Nandun, and Xincai [4] to enlarge Yu province.
9
世祖初，楚之遣妻子內居於鄴，尋徵入朝。 時南藩諸將表劉義隆欲入為寇，以楚之為使持節、安南大將軍，封琅邪王，屯潁川以拒之。 其長史臨邑子步還表曰：「楚之渡河，百姓思舊，義眾雲集，汝潁以南，望風翕然，回首革面。 斯誠陛下應天順民，聖德廣被之所致也。」 世祖大悅，璽書勞勉，賜前後部鼓吹。
Early in Emperor Taiwu's reign Chuzhi sent his wife and children to live at Ye and was soon summoned to court. Southern commanders then reported that Liu Yilong planned an invasion. Chuzhi was made Bearer of the Staff and Great General Who Pacifies the South, enfeoffed as Prince of Langye, and stationed at Yingchuan to meet him. His chief clerk, Baron of Linyi Bu Huan, wrote: "When Chuzhi crossed the river the people turned to the old allegiance and righteous bands gathered like clouds. South of the Ru and Ying all who heard the news turned as one to the new rule. This is truly the fruit of Your Majesty's responding to Heaven and winning the people—your sagely virtue reaching far and wide." The emperor was greatly pleased, sent an imperial letter of praise and encouragement, and granted him front and rear guard musicians.
10
義隆將到彥之泝河而西，列守南岸，至於潼關。 及彥之等退走，楚之破其別軍於長社。 又與冠軍將軍安頡攻滑臺，拔之，擒義隆將朱脩之、李元德及東郡太守申謨，俘萬餘人。 上疏曰：「臣奉命南伐，受任一方，而智力淺短，誠節未效，所以夙夜憂惶，忘寢與食。 臣屢遣人至荊揚，所在陳說，具論天朝盛化之美，莫不忻承聖德，傾首北望。 而義隆兄弟知人情搖動，遣臣私讎順為司州刺史，統淮北七郡，代垣苗守懸瓠。 自鞏、洛、滑臺敗散已來，義隆耻其敗北，多加罪罰。 到彥之削位，退同卒伍，殺姚縱夫於壽春，斬竺靈秀於彭城，王休元託疾，檀道濟斥放。 凡在腹心，悉懷疑阻。 民怨臣猜，可謂今日。 臣聞平殄寇逆，必乘戰勝之威； 建立功勳，亦因離貳之勢。 伏惟陛下聖德膺符，道光四海，神旌所指，莫不摧服，其未賓者義隆而已。 今天網遐舉，殊方仰德。 固宜掃清東南，齊一區宇，使濟濟之風，被於江漢。」 世祖以兵久勞，不從。 以散騎常侍徵還。
Liu Yilong's general Dao Yanzhi marched up the Yellow River westward, posting guards along the south bank as far as Tong Pass. When Yanzhi and his men retreated, Chuzhi routed their detached force at Changshe. He joined Champion General An Bi in attacking Huatai, captured the city, seized Yilong's generals Zhu Xiuzhi and Li Yuande and Dong commandery Administrator Shen Mo, and took more than ten thousand prisoners. He memorialized: "Your servant was ordered south on campaign and entrusted with a single front, yet my wit and strength are limited and my loyal service has not yet borne fruit. Day and night I am anxious and fearful, forgetting sleep and food. I have repeatedly sent men to Jing and Yang to proclaim everywhere the splendor of the Heavenly Court's rule. All rejoice to receive your sagely virtue and turn their faces north in hope. Yet the Yilong brothers, seeing that hearts were wavering, sent my personal enemy Shun as Inspector of Si to command the seven commanderies north of the Huai and replace Yuan Miao at Xuange. Since the rout at Gong, Luoyang, and Huatai, Yilong has been shamed by defeat in the north and has punished many of his officers harshly. Dao Yanzhi was demoted to the ranks; Yao Zongfu was executed at Shouchun; Zhu Lingxiu was beheaded at Pengcheng; Wang Xiuyuan feigned illness; Tan Daoji was dismissed and sent away. Every man in his inner circle is now suspicious and obstructed. Popular resentment and mutual suspicion among his ministers—that is the state of things today. I have heard that to crush rebels one must strike while victory's momentum is fresh; and that to win great merit one must exploit division and defection. Your sagely virtue has received Heaven's mandate and your radiance fills the four seas. Where your banner points, none can stand; only Yilong has not yet submitted. Now Heaven's net is cast wide and distant lands look up to your virtue. It is time to sweep the southeast clean, unite the realm, and let civilizing influence spread over the Jiang and Han." The emperor, seeing that the army had long been exhausted, did not agree. Chuzhi was recalled to court as Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary.
11
從征涼州，以功賜隸戶一百。 義隆遣將裴方明、胡崇之寇仇池。 以楚之為假節，與淮陽公皮豹子等督關中諸軍從散關西入，擊走方明，擒崇之。 仇池平而還。
He accompanied the Liangzhou campaign and for his merit received one hundred dependent households. Yilong sent generals Pei Fangming and Hu Chongzhi to attack Chouchi. Chuzhi was given provisional authority and, with Duke of Huaiyang Pi Baozi and others, commanded the Guanzhong armies through San Pass, routed Fangming, and captured Chongzhi. After Chouchi was pacified he returned.
12
車駕伐蠕蠕，詔楚之與濟陰公盧中山等督運以繼大軍。 時鎮北將軍封沓亡入蠕蠕，說令擊楚之等以絕糧運。 蠕蠕乃遣姦覘入楚之軍，截驢耳而去。 有告失驢耳者，諸將莫能察。 楚之曰：「必是覘賊截之以為驗耳，賊將至矣。」 即使軍人伐柳為城，水灌之令凍，城立而賊至。 冰峻城固，不可攻逼，賊乃走散。 世祖聞而嘉之。
On the emperor's campaign against the Rouran, Chuzhi was ordered with Duke of Jiyin Lu Zhongshan and others to supervise supply trains following the main army. General Who Pacifies the North Feng Ta had defected to the Rouran and urged them to attack Chuzhi's column and cut off the grain supply. The Rouran sent scouts into Chuzhi's camp, cut off donkeys' ears as a sign, and withdrew. When men reported missing donkey ears, none of the other generals understood what it meant. Chuzhi said: "Spies must have cut them off as proof that they had been here—the enemy will attack soon." He had his men cut willows and pack them into a wall, then poured water until it froze solid. The wall was finished just as the enemy arrived. The ice was hard and the wall impregnable; unable to breach it, the enemy broke and fled. The emperor heard of this and praised him.
13
長子寶胤，與楚之同入國。 拜中書博士、雁門太守。 卒。
His eldest son Baoyin had entered the state together with Chuzhi. He was appointed Erudite of the Secretariat and Administrator of Yanmen. He died.
14
延宗，父亡後數年卒。
Yanzong died a few years after his father.
15
子裔，字承業。 世宗時，悅等為裔理嫡，還襲祖爵。 位至後軍將軍。 卒，贈征虜將軍、洛州刺史。
His son Yi, whose courtesy name was Chengye. Under Emperor Xiaowen, Yue and others upheld Yi's claim as legitimate heir, and he recovered the ancestral title. He rose to General of the Rear Guard. He died and was posthumously made General Who Captures Barbarians and Inspector of Luo.
16
子藏，襲。 齊受禪，例降。
His son Zang inherited the title. When Qi took the throne, his rank was reduced in the usual way.
17
纂，字茂宗，中書博士。 歷司州治中、別駕，河內邑中正。 永平元年卒。 贈鎮遠將軍、南青州刺史，諡曰肅。
Zuan, whose courtesy name was Maozong, was Erudite of the Secretariat. He served in turn as Aide of Si province, Administrator's Assistant, and Rectifier of the Henan community. He died in the first year of Yongping. Posthumously he was made General Who Pacifies the Distant and Inspector of South Qing, with the posthumous name Su.
18
子澄，字元鏡。 司州秀才，司空功曹參軍、給事中。 卒，贈龍驤將軍、夏州刺史。
His son Cheng, whose courtesy name was Yuanjing. A Si province graduate, he served as Staff Officer in the Bureau of Merit of the Minister of Works and as Attendant Within the Yellow Gates. He died and was posthumously made General of Dragon Cavalry and Inspector of Xia.
19
澄弟仲粲，武定中，尚書左丞。
Cheng's younger brother Zhongcan served as Left Assistant of the Masters of Writing during the Wuding era.
20
悅，字慶宗。 自司空司馬出為立節將軍、建興太守，轉寧朔將軍、司州別駕。 遷太子左衞率、河北太守。
Yue, whose courtesy name was Qingzong. Leaving his post as Staff Officer of the Minister of Works, he became General Who Establishes Integrity and Administrator of Jianxing, then General Who Pacifies the North and Administrator's Assistant of Si. He was promoted to Left Commandant of the Crown Prince's Guard and Administrator of Hebei.
21
世宗初，除鎮遠將軍、豫州刺史。 時有汝南上蔡董毛奴者，齎錢五千，死在道路。 郡縣疑民張堤為劫，又於堤家得錢五千。 堤懼拷掠，自誣言殺。 獄既至州，悅觀色察言，疑其不實。 引見毛奴兄靈之，謂曰：「殺人取錢，當時狼狽，應有所遺，此賊竟遺何物？」 靈之云：「唯得一刀鞘而已。」 悅取鞘視之，曰：「此非里巷所為也。」 乃召州城刀匠示之，有郭門者前曰：「此刀鞘門手所作，去歲賣與郭民董及祖。」 悅收及祖，詰之曰：「汝何故殺人取錢而遺刀鞘？」 及祖款引，靈之又於及祖身上得毛奴所著皂襦，及祖伏法。 悅之察獄，多此類也。 豫州于今稱之。
Early in Emperor Xiaowen's reign he was made General Who Pacifies the Distant and Inspector of Yu. At that time a man named Dong Maonu of Shangcai in Runan was found dead on the road with five thousand cash on him. The local authorities suspected a commoner named Zhang Di of the robbery, and another five thousand cash was found in Di's home. Di, fearing torture, falsely confessed to the murder. When the case reached the provincial court, Yue studied the man's manner and testimony and suspected the confession was false. He summoned Maonu's elder brother Lingzhi and asked: "A killer seizing money would have been flustered at the scene and must have left something behind. What did this thief leave?" Lingzhi replied: "Only a sword scabbard." Yue examined the scabbard and said: "This is not the sort of thing made in an ordinary neighborhood." He summoned the city's swordsmiths. A man named Guo Men stepped forward and said: "This scabbard was made by the craftsman Men and was sold last year to a townsman named Dong Jizu." Yue arrested Jizu and demanded: "Why did you kill a man for his money and leave the scabbard behind?" Jizu confessed fully. Lingzhi then found on Jizu's person the black jacket Maonu had been wearing, and Jizu was executed. Yue's handling of criminal cases was often of this sort. Yu province still speaks of him with praise.
22
悅與鎮南將軍元英攻義陽，克之。 詔改蕭衍司州為郢州，以悅為征虜將軍、郢州刺史。 蕭衍遣其豫州刺史馬仙琕，左軍將軍、永陽戍主陳可等率眾一萬，於三關南六十里因山起城，名為竹敦，遣其輔國將軍、濟陰太守薊沛精卒二千以戍之。 後於關南四十里麻陽舊柵起城，仙琕輕騎東西為之節度。 關南之民，多懷兩望。 悅令西關統軍諸靈鳳掩擊，敗之，盡燔其城樓儲積，擒薊沛及其輔國將軍、軍主劉靈秀。 詔曰：「司馬悅首謀義陽，征略有捷。 且違京既久，屢請入朝。 可遂此志，聽其赴闕。」 尋詔以本將軍為豫州刺史。 論義陽之勳，封漁陽縣開國子，食邑三百戶。
Yue joined General Who Guards the South Yuan Ying in attacking Yiyang and captured the city. An edict renamed Xiao Yan's Si province as Ying and appointed Yue General Who Captures Barbarians and Inspector of Ying. Xiao Yan sent his Inspector of Yu Ma Xianbi, General of the Left Army and Yongyang garrison commander Chen Ke, and others with ten thousand men to build a fortified town called Zhudun on a mountain sixty li south of the Three Passes, and posted his Aid-the-State General and Administrator of Jiyin Ji Pei there with two thousand elite troops. Later they built another town forty li south of the pass at the old Mayang stockade, while Xianbi rode back and forth with light cavalry to direct operations. The people south of the pass were largely torn between the two sides. Yue ordered Zhu Lingfeng, commander of the Western Pass, to attack by surprise. The enemy was defeated, their stockpiled supplies in the towers were burned, and Ji Pei was captured along with his Aid-the-State General and army commander Liu Lingxiu. An edict read: "Sima Yue first devised the plan for Yiyang, and the campaign met with success. He has long been away from the capital and has repeatedly asked to attend court. Let this wish be granted and allow him to come to court." Soon afterward an edict appointed him Inspector of Yu while retaining his present rank. For his merit at Yiyang he was enfeoffed as Viscount of Yuyang with a fief of three hundred households.
23
朏，尚世宗妹華陽公主，拜駙馬都尉。 特除員外散騎常侍，加鎮遠將軍。 正光五年，公主薨。 月餘，朏卒。 贈左將軍、滄州刺史。
Fei married Emperor Xiaowen's younger sister, the Princess of Huayang, and was appointed Commandant of the Feathered Forest for the Imperial Son-in-Law. He was specially appointed Extra Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary with the additional rank of General Who Pacifies the Distant. In the fifth year of Zhengguang the princess died. A little over a month later Fei died. He was posthumously made General of the Left and Inspector of Cang.
24
子鴻，字慶雲。 性粗武。 襲爵，位至都水使者。 坐與西賊交通賜死。
His son Hong, whose courtesy name was Qingyun. He was rough and martial by nature. He inherited the title and rose to Commissioner of Waterways. He was sentenced to death for communicating with western rebels.
25
子孝政，襲。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Xiaozheng inherited the title. When Qi took the throne, his title was reduced in the usual way.
26
金龍弟躍，字寶龍。 尚趙郡公主，拜駙馬都尉。 代兄為雲中鎮將、朔州刺史，假安北將軍、河內公。 躍表罷河西苑封，與民墾殖。 有司執奏：「此麋鹿所聚，太官取給，今若與民，至於奉獻時禽，懼有所闕。」 詔曰：「此地若任稼穡，雖有獸利，事須廢封。 若是山澗，虞禁何損？ 尋先朝置此，豈苟藉斯禽，亮亦以俟軍行薪蒸之用。 其更論之。」 躍固請宜以與民，高祖從之。 還為祠部尚書、大鴻臚卿、潁川王師。 以疾表求解任。 太和十九年卒。 贈金紫光祿大夫，賜朝服一具、衣一襲、絹一千匹。 楚之父子相繼鎮雲中，朔土服其威德。
Jinlong's younger brother Yue, whose courtesy name was Baolong. He married the Princess of Zhao commandery and was appointed Commandant of the Feathered Forest for the Imperial Son-in-Law. He succeeded his elder brother as Garrison Commander of Yunzhong and Inspector of Shuo, with provisional rank as General Who Pacifies the North and Duke of Henan. Yue memorialized to abolish the imperial park west of the Yellow River in Hexi and open the land to cultivation by the people. The responsible offices objected: "This is where deer gather and the imperial kitchen draws its supply. If the land is given to the people, we fear there will be shortages when tribute animals are required for state sacrifices." An edict replied: "If this land can bear crops, the park must be abolished even if it yields game. If it is only mountain ravines, what harm is there in keeping the hunting preserve? Consider why the former court established this preserve—it was not merely for the game, but also to supply firewood for military campaigns. Reconsider the matter." Yue insisted that the land should go to the people, and Emperor Xiaowen agreed. He returned to court as Minister of the Imperial Clan, Grand Minister of Splendid Happiness, and Preceptor to the Prince of Yingchuan. He memorialized on grounds of illness to resign his posts. He died in the nineteenth year of Taihe. He was posthumously made Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with the Gold Seal and granted one set of court robes, one suit of clothes, and one thousand bolts of silk. Chuzhi and his son in succession held Yunzhong, and the Shuo region submitted to their authority and virtue.
27
司馬景之，字洪略，晉汝南王亮之後。 太宗時歸闕，爵蒼梧公，加征南大將軍。 清直有節操，太宗甚重之。 卒，贈汝南王。 子師子襲爵。
Sima Jingzhi, whose courtesy name was Honglue, was a descendant of Prince Liang of Runan of Jin. During Emperor Mingyuan's reign he came to court, was enfeoffed as Duke of Cangwu, and made Great General Who Conquers the South. Upright and principled, he was highly esteemed by Emperor Mingyuan. He died and was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Runan. His son Shizi inherited the title.
28
景之兄準，字巨之。 以泰常末，率三千餘家歸國。 時太宗在虎牢，授寧遠將軍、新蔡公、假相州刺史。 隨駕至京。 出除廣寧太守。 悅近來遠，清儉有稱。 世祖嘉之，賜布六百匹。 後降號為平遠將軍，改為密陵侯。 興光初卒。 子安國襲爵。 司馬叔璠，晉安平獻王孚之後也。 父曇之，司馬德宗河間王。 桓玄、劉裕之際，叔璠與兄國璠北奔慕容超。 後西投姚興。 劉裕滅姚泓，北奔屈丐。 世祖平統萬，兄弟俱入國。 [6]國璠賜爵淮南公。 卒，無子，爵除。 叔璠，安遠將軍、丹楊侯。 卒。
Jingzhi's elder brother Zhun, whose courtesy name was Juzhi. At the end of the Taichang era he led more than three thousand households to submit to Wei. The emperor was then at Hulao and appointed him General Who Pacifies the Distant, Duke of Xincai, and provisional Inspector of Xiang. He accompanied the emperor to the capital. He was appointed Administrator of Guangning. He won the near and drew the distant through kindness, and was known for purity and frugality. The emperor praised him and granted six hundred bolts of cloth. Later his rank was reduced to General Who Pacifies the Distant and his title changed to Marquis of Miling. He died early in the Xingguang era. His son Anguo inherited the title. Sima Shufan was a descendant of Prince Xian of Anping Fu of Jin. His father Tanzhi was Prince of Hejian under Emperor An of Jin. During the struggles of Huan Xuan and Liu Yu, Shufan and his elder brother Guofan fled north to Murong Chao. Later they went west and submitted to Yao Xing. When Liu Yu destroyed Yao Hong, they fled north to Juqu Mugou. When the emperor pacified Tongwan, both brothers entered Wei. [6] Guofan was enfeoffed as Duke of Huainan. He died without heirs and the title lapsed. Shufan was General Who Pacifies the Distant and Marquis of Danyang. He died.
29
長子靈壽，神䴥中，與弟道壽俱來歸國。 靈壽，冠軍將軍、溫縣侯； 道壽，寧朔將軍、宜陽子。 靈壽出除陳郡太守。 劉義隆侵境，詔靈壽招引義士，得二千餘人，從西平公安頡破虎牢、滑臺、洛陽三城，徙五百餘家入河內。 又從討蠕蠕，西征涼州，所在著功。 出為遼西太守，治有清儉之稱。 太和九年卒。 贈懷州刺史，諡曰靖。 靈壽娶太宰、頓丘王李峻女，與婦父雅不相善，每見抑退，故位不大至。
His eldest son Lingshou, during the Shenrui era, came to Wei together with his younger brother Daoshou. Lingshou was Champion General and Marquis of Wen county; Daoshou was General Who Pacifies the North and Viscount of Yiyang. Lingshou was appointed Administrator of Chen commandery. When Liu Yilong invaded the frontier, Lingshou was ordered to rally loyalists and gathered more than two thousand men. He followed Prince of Xiping An Bi in capturing Hulao, Huatai, and Luoyang and resettled more than five hundred households in Henan. He also joined campaigns against the Rouran and the western expedition to Liangzhou, distinguishing himself in each. He was appointed Administrator of Liaoxi, where his rule won renown for purity and frugality. He died in the ninth year of Taihe. He was posthumously made Inspector of Huai with the posthumous name Jing. Lingshou married the daughter of Grand Mentor and Prince of Dunqiu Li Jun. He was on poor terms with his father-in-law, who repeatedly held him back, and so he never rose to high office.
30
子惠安，高祖時襲爵。 歷恒州別駕、桑乾太守、太尉諮議參軍事。 卒。
His son Huian inherited the title under Emperor Xiaowen. He served in turn as Administrator's Assistant of Heng, Administrator of Sanggan, and Consulting Army Officer under the Grand Commandant. He died.
31
子祖珍，年十五，舉司州秀才。 解褐員外散騎侍郎。 年十八，先父卒。
His son Zuzhen, at fifteen, was nominated as a Si province graduate. On entering office he was appointed Extra Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. He died at eighteen, predeceasing his father.
32
祖珍弟宗龐，世宗時，父惠安以久病啟以爵轉授。 解褐安定王府騎兵參軍，洛州龍驤府司馬。 善射，未曾自伐。 性閑淡，少所交遊。 識者云其淳至。 永安中卒。 子嵩亮襲。
Zuzhen's younger brother Zongpang, under Emperor Xiaowen, received the title when his father Huian, long ill, memorialized to transfer it to him. On entering office he was Cavalry Army Officer in the establishment of the Prince of Anding and Staff Officer of the Dragon Cavalry Command of Luo. He was skilled in archery but never boasted of it. By nature he was quiet and detached, with few companions. Those who knew him said he was utterly sincere. He died during the Yongan era. His son Songliang inherited the title.
33
惠安弟直安，歷位尚書郎，濟北、濟南二郡太守，員外散騎常侍。 蕭寶夤征鍾離，引為長史。 坐軍退，免官加刑。 以疾得免。 尋除東平原太守。 還京，為中散大夫，加征虜將軍、太中大夫，遷左將軍。 正光四年卒。 贈大將軍、濟州刺史。
Huian's younger brother Zhian served in turn as Secretariat Gentleman, Administrator of Jibei and Jinan, and Extra Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. When Xiao Baoyin campaigned against Zhongli, Zhian was appointed his chief clerk. Because the army retreated he was stripped of office and punished. He was spared punishment on grounds of illness. He was soon appointed Administrator of Dongpingyuan. On returning to the capital he became Palace Attendant, was given the additional ranks of General Who Captures Barbarians and Grand Master of the Palace, and was promoted to General of the Left. He died in the fourth year of Zhengguang. He was posthumously made Great General and Inspector of Ji.
34
子龍泉，滄州開府長史。
His son Longquan was chief clerk of the Cangzhou headquarters.
35
道壽長子元興，襲父爵。
Daoshou's eldest son Yuanxing inherited his father's title.
36
子景和，給事中，稍遷揚州驃騎府長史、清河內史。 正光元年卒。 贈左將軍、平州刺史。
His son Jinghe was Attendant Within the Yellow Gates and later rose to chief clerk of Yangzhou's Rapid-as-Steed Headquarters and Interior Secretary of Qinghe. He died in the first year of Zhengguang. He was posthumously made General of the Left and Inspector of Ping.
37
元興弟仲明，侍御史、中書舍人。 以謹敏著稱。 稍遷衞尉少卿，仍領舍人。 出為征虜將軍、涼州刺史。 坐貪殘，為御史所彈，遇赦免，積年不敍。 後娶靈太后從姊為繼室，除武衞將軍、征虜將軍。 轉光祿大夫，武衞如故。 遷大司農卿，加安東將軍、散騎常侍。 出為安北將軍、恒州刺史，常侍如故。 正光五年卒。
Yuanxing's younger brother Zhongming served as Attending Censor and Secretariat Drafter. He was known for prudence and tact. He rose to Vice Minister of the Guard while continuing to head the secretariat drafters. He was appointed General Who Captures Barbarians and Inspector of Liang. For greed and cruelty he was impeached by the censorate, was spared by an amnesty, and went unreinstated for many years. Later he married a cousin of Empress Dowager Ling as his second wife and was made General of Martial Guards and General Who Captures Barbarians. He was made Grand Master of Splendid Happiness while retaining his post as General of Martial Guards. He was promoted to Minister of Grand Granaries with the additional ranks of General Who Pacifies the East and Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. He was appointed General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Heng while retaining his rank as Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. He died in the fifth year of Zhengguang.
38
子彥邕，有風望。 正員郎。 稍遷相州刺史、驃騎大將軍、左光祿大夫。 天平四年卒。 贈散騎常侍、都督懷洛二州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、懷州刺史。
His son Yanyong enjoyed reputation and prestige. He was a regular secretariat gentleman. He rose to Inspector of Xiang, Great General of Rapid-as-Steed Cavalry, and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness on the Left. He died in the fourth year of Tianping. Posthumously he was made Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary, commander of military affairs in Huai and Luo, Great General of Rapid-as-Steed Cavalry, Equal in Honor to the Three Excellencies, and Inspector of Huai.
39
司馬天助，自云司馬德宗驃騎將軍元顯之子。 劉裕自立，乃來歸闕。 [7]除平東將軍、青徐二州刺史、東海公。 天助招率義士，欲襲裕東平、濟北二郡及城戍，又破裕將閭萬齡軍，前後多所虜獲。 拜侍中、都督青徐兗三州諸軍事、征東將軍、青兗二州刺史，公如故。 真君三年，與司馬文思等南討。 還，又從駕北征。 在陣歿。
Sima Tianzhu claimed to be the son of Rapid-as-Steed General Yuan Xian, who served under Emperor An of Jin. After Liu Yu seized the throne he came to court and submitted. [7] He was made General Who Pacifies the East, Inspector of Qing and Xu, and Duke of Donghai. Tianzhu rallied loyalists and planned to strike Liu Yu's commanderies of Dongping and Jibei and their garrisons. He also defeated the army of Liu Yu's general Yan Wanling and took many captives and spoils. He was made Palace Attendant, commander of military affairs in Qing, Xu, and Yan, General Who Conquers the East, and Inspector of Qing and Yan, retaining his ducal title. In the third year of Zhenjun he joined Sima Wensi and others on the southern campaign. On his return he again accompanied the emperor on the northern campaign. He died in battle.
40
子元伯，字歸都。 襲爵，後降溫縣子。 太和中，為建威將軍、泰山太守。
His son Yuanbo, whose courtesy name was Guidu. He inherited the title and was later reduced to Viscount of Wen county. During the Taihe era he was General Who Establishes Might and Administrator of Taishan.
41
史臣曰：諸司馬以亂亡歸命。 楚之風概器略，最可稱乎？ 其餘未足論也。 而以往代遺緒，並當位遇。 可謂幸矣。
The historian writes: The various Sima clansmen came to submit amid the chaos of dynastic collapse. Of them all, is not Chuzhi's spirit and strategic talent the most worthy of praise? The rest scarcely merit discussion. Yet as remnants of a former dynasty, they all received rank and favor. They were fortunate indeed.
42
校勘記
Collation notes
43
晉宣帝季弟譙王遜之後也南本以下諸本及北史卷二九司馬休之傳「遜」作「進」。 百衲本作「遜」，汲、局二本注宋本作「遜」。 錢氏考異卷二八、李慈銘魏書札記、張森楷魏書校勘記各有說。 按晉書卷三七譙王遜傳，遜是進子，進死於曹魏時，封譙王的是遜，不是進。 但進才是晉宣帝司馬懿季弟，遜是從子，作「遜」也有問題。 作「進」作「遜」既都有問題，而宋本作「遜」，恐原來就錯。 此卷史實上的謬誤較多，疑有訛脫竄亂，非魏收原文。
"A descendant of Prince of Qiao Sima Yi": in the Southern edition and later editions, and in the Beishi biography of Sima Xiuzhi (juan 29), "Yi" is written as "Jin." The Patchwork edition reads "Yi"; the Ji and Bureau editions' notes on the Song edition also read "Yi." Qian's Textual Variants (juan 28), Li Ciming's Notes on the Book of Wei, and Zhang Senkai's Collation of the Book of Wei each discuss the point. According to the Jinshu biography of Prince of Qiao Sima Yi (juan 37), Yi was Jin's son. Jin died in the Cao-Wei period, and it was Yi who was enfeoffed as Prince of Qiao, not Jin. Yet only Jin was the younger brother of Jin's Emperor Xuan, Sima Yi; Yi was a nephew. Writing "Yi" is also problematic. Whether one writes "Jin" or "Yi" both are problematic, yet the Song edition reads "Yi"—the original text was probably already in error. This chapter contains many factual errors and is suspected of corruption, omission, and interpolation—not Wei Shou's original text.
44
為懷朔鎮將北史卷二九「懷朔」作「懷荒」。 按卷三九李寶傳云：「高宗初，代司馬文思鎮懷荒。」 北史是，這裏作「懷朔」誤。
"Made garrison commander of Huaishuo": in the Beishi (juan 29) "Huaishuo" is written as "Huaihuang." According to the biography of Li Bao (juan 39): "Early in Emperor Gaozong's reign he replaced Sima Wensi as garrison commander of Huaihuang." The Beishi is correct; "Huaishuo" here is an error.
45
以楚之所率戶民分置汝南南陽南頓新蔡四郡北史卷二九「南陽」作「汝陽」。 按宋書卷三六州郡志豫州有「汝陽」，無「南陽」。 當時僑置亦必因豫州原有此郡，疑作「汝陽」是。
"The households Chuzhi led were settled in Runan, Nanyang, Nandun, and Xincai": in the Beishi (juan 29) "Nanyang" is written as "Ruyang." According to the Songshu Treatise on Provinces and Commanderies (juan 36), Yu province had "Ruyang" and not "Nanyang." The refugee commandery was probably named for an existing Yu province district; "Ruyang" is likely correct.
46
永平元年諸本「平」作「元」。 按事見卷八世宗紀永平元年十月，今據北史卷二九司馬悅傳改。
"First year of Yongping": in all editions "ping" is written as "yuan." The event appears in the Annals of Emperor Xiaowen (juan 8), tenth month of the first year of Yongping. The text is now corrected following the Beishi biography of Sima Yue (juan 29).
47
劉裕滅姚泓北奔屈丐世祖平統萬兄弟俱入國按卷三太宗紀泰常三年 〈四一七〉 八月劉裕滅姚泓，九月癸酉記司馬休之父子及國璠等「來降」。 泰常五年五月即記國璠被殺。 拓跋燾平統萬，事在始光四年 〈四二七〉 ，國璠已先死八年。 下文又稱國璠卒，一字不及被殺，却見於此卷司馬文思傳。 也可怪。
"When Liu Yu destroyed Yao Hong they fled north to Juqu Mugou; when the emperor pacified Tongwan both brothers entered Wei": see the Annals of Emperor Mingyuan (juan 3), third year of Taichang 〈p. 417〉 in the eighth month Liu Yu destroyed Yao Hong; on the guiyou day of the ninth month it records that Sima Xiuzhi, his sons, Guofan, and others "came to surrender." In the fifth month of the fifth year of Taichang it records that Guofan was killed. Tuoba Tao pacified Tongwan, an event of the fourth year of Shiguang 〈p. 427〉 , by which time Guofan had been dead for eight years. Below, Guofan's death is mentioned without a word about his execution, yet his killing appears in this chapter's biography of Sima Wensi. This too is strange.
48
劉裕自立乃來歸闕張森楷云：「帝紀 〈卷四上世祖紀上〉 延和二年司馬天助來降，於宋為元嘉十年 〈四三三〉 ，代晉久矣。 此文殊疏略。」 按下文稱天助「招率義士，欲襲裕東平、濟北郡及城戍，又破裕將閭萬齡軍」，「裕」字皆誤。
"After Liu Yu seized the throne he came to submit": Zhang Senkai notes: "In the imperial annals 〈(Annals of Emperor Taiwu, part 1, juan 4)"〉 in the second year of Yanhe Sima Tianzhu came to surrender—in the Liu Song calendar this was the tenth year of Yuanjia 〈p. 433〉 , by which time the Jin dynasty had long since fallen. This passage is remarkably careless." He adds that below, where Tianzhu "rallied loyalists, planned to strike Dongping and Jibei and their garrisons, and defeated the army of Liu Yu's general Yan Wanling," every instance of "Yu" is an error.