1
刁雍王慧龍韓延之袁式
Diao Yong, Wang Huilong, Han Yanzhi, and Yuan Shi
2
刁雍，字淑和，勃海饒安人也。 高祖攸，晉御史中丞。 曾祖協，從司馬叡渡江，居于京口，位至尚書令。 父暢，司馬德宗右衞將軍。 初，暢兄逵以劉裕輕狡薄行，負社錢三萬，違時不還，執而徵焉。 及裕誅桓玄，以嫌故先誅刁氏。 雍為暢故吏所匿，奔姚興豫州牧姚紹於洛陽，後至長安。 雍博覽書傳，姚興以雍為太子中庶子。
Diao Yong, whose courtesy name was Shuhe, was a native of Raoyan in Bohai Commandery. His great-grandfather You served Jin as Censor-in-Chief. His great-grandfather Xie crossed the Yangzi with Sima Rui, settled at Jingkou, and eventually reached the post of Minister of Works. His father Chang served Emperor An of Jin as Right Guard General. Earlier, Chang's elder brother Kui had denounced Liu Yu as frivolous, cunning, and morally shallow. Kui owed thirty thousand in communal funds and, when he failed to repay on time, was arrested and pressed for payment. When Liu Yu overthrew Huan Xuan, he took the old grudge as a pretext and wiped out the Diao family first. Yong was sheltered by his father's former retainers, fled to Yao Shao, Yao Xing's governor of Yuzhou, at Luoyang, and later made his way to Chang'an. Yong was widely read in the classics and histories, and Yao Xing appointed him Junior Mentor to the Crown Prince.
3
泰常二年，姚泓滅，與司馬休之等歸國。 上表陳誠，於南境自效。 太宗許之，假雍建義將軍。 雍遂於河濟之間招集流散，得五千餘人，南阻大 〈闕〉 ，[1]擾動徐兗，建牙誓眾，傳檄邊境。 劉裕遣將李嵩等討雍，雍斬之於蒙山。 於是眾至二萬，進屯固山。 七年三月，雍從弟彌亦率眾入京口，規共討裕，裕遣兵破之。 六月，雍又侵裕青州，雍敗，乃收散卒保於馬耳山。 又為裕青州軍所逼，遂入大鄉山。
In the second year of Taichang, after Yao Hong's defeat, he returned to Wei together with Sima Xiuzhi and the others. He submitted a memorial pledging his loyalty and offering to serve on the southern border. Emperor Daowu accepted the offer and provisionally appointed Yong General Who Establishes Righteousness. Yong then recruited refugees between the Yellow and Ji rivers, mustering more than five thousand men, and took up a defensive position south of Great 〈Text missing in the manuscript.〉 [1] He stirred up trouble in Xu and Yan, raised his standard to rally the troops, and sent proclamations along the frontier. Liu Yu sent his generals Li Song and others against Yong, and Yong killed Li Song on Mount Meng. His forces then grew to twenty thousand, and he advanced to camp on Mount Gu. In the third month of the seventh year, Yong's younger cousin Mi also led his men into Jingkou, intending to join forces against Liu Yu, but Yu sent troops and defeated him. In the sixth month Yong again invaded Liu Yu's Qing province, was defeated, and withdrew with his scattered troops to hold Mount Ma'er. Pressed again by Liu Yu's Qingzhou forces, he retreated into Mount Daxiang.
4
八年，太宗南幸鄴，朝於行觀。 [2]問：「先聞卿家縛劉裕，於卿親疏？」 雍曰：「是臣伯父。」 太宗笑曰：「劉裕父子當應憚卿。」 又謂之曰：「朕先遣叔孫建等攻青州，民盡藏避，城猶未下。 彼既素憚卿威，士民又相信服，今欲遣卿助建等，卿宜勉之。」 於是假雍鎮東將軍、青州刺史、東光侯，給五萬騎，使別立義軍。 建先攻東陽，雍至，招集義眾，得五千人。 遣撫慰郡縣，土人盡下，送租供軍。 是時攻東陽，平其北城三十許步。 劉義符青州刺史竺夔於城內鑿地道，南下入澠水澗，以為退路。 雍謂建曰：「此城已平，[3]宜時入取。 不者走盡。」 建懼傷兵士，難之。 雍曰：「若懼傷官兵者，雍今請將義兵先入。」 建不聽。 夔欲東走，會義符遣其將檀道濟等救青州。 雍謂建曰：「賊畏官軍突騎，以鎖連車為函陣。 大峴已南，處處狹隘，不得方軌。 雍求將義兵五千，要嶮破之。」 建不聽曰：「兵人不宜水土，疫病過半。 若相持不休，兵自死盡，何須復戰。 今不損大軍，安全而返，計之上也。」 建乃引還。
In the eighth year Emperor Daowu traveled south to Ye, and Yong presented himself at the traveling palace. [2] The emperor asked, "I have heard that your family once had Liu Yu bound. How close is he to you by kinship?" Yong replied, "He is my uncle." Emperor Daowu laughed and said, "Liu Yu and his son ought to fear you." He went on, "I earlier sent Tuoba Jian and others to attack Qing province. The people all hid and fled, yet the city still has not fallen. They have long feared your reputation, and the local gentry and commoners trust you as well. I now wish to send you to assist Jian and the others. You should do your utmost." He then provisionally appointed Yong General Who Pacifies the East, Inspector of Qing province, and Marquis of Dongguang, granted him fifty thousand cavalry, and ordered him to raise a separate volunteer force. Jian had already begun the assault on Dongyang. When Yong arrived, he recruited volunteers and mustered five thousand men. He sent them out to reassure the commanderies and counties. The local people all came down from hiding and sent in rent grain to supply the army. At that time the assault on Dongyang had leveled some thirty paces of the north wall. Liu Yifu's Qingzhou inspector Zhu Kui dug a tunnel inside the city leading south into the Mian River ravine to secure a line of retreat. Yong told Jian, "The north wall is already breached.[3] You should enter and take the city immediately. Otherwise the defenders will all escape." Jian, fearing casualties among his troops, hesitated. Yong said, "If you fear losses among the regular troops, I ask to lead the volunteers in first." Jian refused. Zhu Kui was preparing to break out to the east when Liu Yifu sent his generals Tan Daoji and others to relieve Qing province. Yong told Jian, "The enemy fears our shock cavalry and has chained their wagons together into a wagon-fort formation. South of Great Xian Pass the terrain is narrow everywhere, and they cannot march in full formation. Yong asked to take five thousand volunteers and ambush them at the narrow passes to break their formation." Jian refused and said, "The men cannot endure the climate and water here. More than half are sick with disease. If we keep holding on, the army will waste away on its own. Why fight further? The best plan now is to withdraw without damaging the main force and return safely." Jian then withdrew.
5
雍遂鎮尹卯固。 又詔令南入，以亂賊境。 雍攻克項城。 會有敕追令隨機立效，雍於是招集譙、梁、彭、沛民五千餘家，置二十七營，遷鎮濟陰。 延和二年，立徐州於外黃城，置譙、梁、彭、沛四郡九縣，以雍為平南將軍、徐州刺史，賜爵東安侯。 在鎮七年，太延四年，徵還京師，頻歲為邊民所請。 世祖嘉之，真君二年復授使持節、侍中、都督揚豫兗徐四州諸軍事、征南將軍、徐豫二州刺史。
Yong then took up his post at Yimao Fort. He was again ordered by imperial edict to push south and harass the enemy borderlands. Yong captured Xiangcheng. An urgent edict then arrived ordering him to seize whatever opportunity presented itself. Yong gathered more than five thousand households from Qiao, Liang, Peng, and Pei, organized them into twenty-seven camps, and transferred his headquarters to Jiyin. In the second year of Yanhe Xu province was established at Waihuang, with the four commanderies of Qiao, Liang, Peng, and Pei and nine counties placed under its administration. Yong was appointed General Who Pacifies the South and Inspector of Xu province and enfeoffed as Marquis of Dong'an. After seven years in command, in the fourth year of Taiyan he was recalled to the capital, though for years the frontier populace had petitioned to keep him there. Emperor Taiwu praised this loyalty, and in the second year of Zhenjun again appointed him Bearer of the Staff of Authority, Palace Attendant, Commander-in-Chief of military affairs in Yang, Yu, Yan, and Xu, General Who Campaigns South, and Inspector of Xu and Yu.
6
三年，劉義隆將裴方明寇陷仇池，詔雍與建興公古弼等十餘將討平之。 五年，以本將軍為薄骨律鎮將。 至鎮，表曰：
In the third year Liu Yilong's general Pei Fangming invaded and captured Chouchi. An edict ordered Yong, Duke of Jianxing Gu Bibi, and more than a dozen other commanders to suppress and pacify the region. In the fifth year he was appointed Garrison Commander of Bugulai while retaining his former rank. On reaching his post he submitted a memorial that read:
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臣蒙寵出鎮，奉辭西藩，總統諸軍，戶口殷廣。 又總勒戎馬，以防不虞，督課諸屯，以為儲積。 夙夜惟憂，不遑寧處。 以今年四月末到鎮，時以夏中，不及東作。 念彼農夫，雖復布野，官渠乏水，不得廣殖。 乘前以來，功不充課，兵人口累，率皆飢儉。 略加檢行，知此土稼穡艱難。
I have received the grace of appointment to this frontier post on the western border, where I command all forces and oversee a large population. I also command the troops and horses to guard against emergencies and supervise the garrison farms to build up reserves. Day and night I worry over these duties and have scarcely a moment's peace. I reached my post at the end of the fourth month this year, but by then it was already midsummer and too late for spring planting. I think of the farmers here: though fields stretch across the countryside, the official canals lack water and they cannot plant on a large scale. For years the work quotas have gone unmet, and soldiers and civilians alike are for the most part hungry and destitute. After a brief inspection I have learned how hard agriculture is in this region.
8
夫欲育民豐國，事須大田。 此土乏雨，正以引河為用。 觀舊渠堰，乃是上古所制，非近代也。 富平西南三十里，有艾山，南北二十六里，東西四十五里，鑿以通河，似禹舊迹。 其兩岸作溉田大渠，廣十餘步，山南引水入此渠中。 計昔為之，高於水不過一丈。 [4]河水激急，沙土漂流，今日此渠高於河水二丈三尺，又河水浸射，往往崩頹。 渠溉高懸，水不得上。 雖復諸處案舊引水，水亦難求。 今艾山北，河中有洲渚，水分為二。 西河小狹，水廣百四十步。 臣今求入來年正月，於河西高渠之北八里、分河之下五里，平地鑿渠，廣十五步，深五尺，築其兩岸，令高一丈。 北行四十里，還入古高渠，即循高渠而北，復八十里，合百二十里，大有良田。 計用四千人，四十日功，渠得成訖。 所欲鑿新渠口，河下五尺，水不得入。 今求從小河東南岸斜斷到西北岸，計長二百七十步，廣十步，高二丈，絕斷小河。 二十日功，計得成畢，合計用功六十日。 小河之水，盡入新渠，水則充足，溉官私田四萬餘頃。 一旬之間，則水一遍，水凡四溉，穀得成實。 官課常充，民亦豐贍。
To nourish the people and enrich the state, one must rely on large-scale farming. This region lacks rain and must depend on drawing water from the river. The old canals and weirs I have inspected were built in high antiquity, not in recent times. Thirty li southwest of Fuping stands Mount Ai, twenty-six li from north to south and forty-five li from east to west, cut through to connect with the river in what appears to be a trace of Yu the Great's works. On both banks they built a great irrigation canal more than ten paces wide, drawing water from the south side of the mountain into it. When it was first built, it stood no more than one zhang above the water level. [4] The river runs swift, carrying off sand and silt. Today this canal stands two zhang and three chi above the river, while the river itself erodes and undermines it, so that sections often collapse. The irrigation channel now hangs too high for water to be drawn up into it. Even where people follow the old methods of drawing water, little can be obtained. North of Mount Ai the river now contains shoals that divide the current in two. The western channel is narrow, only about one hundred forty paces across. I ask permission to begin work in the first month of next year: eight li north of the High Canal on the west bank and five li below the river's division point, to cut a level canal fifteen paces wide and five chi deep, with banks built up one zhang high. Running north forty li it would rejoin the old High Canal; following that canal north another eighty li makes one hundred twenty li in all, opening a vast tract of fertile land. The project would require four thousand laborers for forty days to complete the canal. At the point where the new intake is to be cut, the river lies five chi lower, so water cannot flow in. I therefore propose to cut a diagonal dam from the southeast bank of the lesser channel to the northwest bank, two hundred seventy paces long, ten paces wide, and two zhang high, to block the lesser channel entirely. That dam would take twenty days to finish, making sixty days of labor in all. All the water of the lesser channel would flow into the new canal, providing ample irrigation for more than forty thousand qing of public and private fields. Within each ten-day period the fields could be watered once, and with four irrigations in all the grain would ripen fully. Government quotas would be met regularly, and the people would enjoy abundance.
9
詔曰：「卿憂國愛民，知欲更引河水，勸課大田。 宜便興立，以克就為功，何必限其日數也。 有可以便國利民者，動靜以聞。」
An edict replied: "You care for the state and love the people. I see that you wish to draw the river anew and promote large-scale farming. Begin the work at once and judge success by completion rather than by a fixed number of days. Whenever you find further measures that may benefit the state and the people, report them to me at once."
10
七年，雍表曰：「奉詔高平、安定、統萬及臣所守四鎮，出車五千乘，運屯穀五十萬斛付沃野鎮，以供軍糧。 臣鎮去沃野八百里，道多深沙，輕車來往，猶以為難，設令載穀，不過二十石，每涉深沙，必致滯陷。 又穀在河西，轉至沃野，越度大河，計車五千乘，運十萬斛，百餘日乃得一返，大廢生民耕墾之業。 車牛艱阻，難可全至，一歲不過二運，五十萬斛乃經三年。 臣前被詔，有可以便國利民者動靜以聞。 臣聞鄭、白之渠，遠引淮海之粟，泝流數千，周年乃得一至，猶稱國有儲糧，民用安樂。 今求於牽屯山河水之次，造船二百艘，二船為一舫，一船勝穀二千斛，一舫十人，計須千人。 臣鎮內之兵，率皆習水。 一運二十萬斛。 方舟順流，五日而至，自沃野牽上，十日還到，合六十日得一返。 從三月至九月三返，運送六十萬斛，計用人功，輕於車運十倍有餘，不費牛力，又不廢田。」 詔曰：「知欲造船運穀，一冬即成，大省民力，既不費牛，又不廢田，甚善。 非但一運，自可永以為式。 今別下統萬鎮出兵以供運穀，卿鎮可出百兵為船工，豈可專廢千人？ 雖遣船匠，猶須卿指授，未可專任也。 諸有益國利民如此者，續復以聞。」
In the seventh year Yong submitted another memorial: "By imperial order Gaoping, Anding, Tongwan, and the four garrisons under my command are to dispatch five thousand carts and transport five hundred thousand hu of garrison grain to Woye Garrison for army provisions. My garrison lies eight hundred li from Woye, and the route crosses deep sand. Even light carts find the journey arduous. Loaded with grain, a cart can carry no more than twenty shi, and every crossing of deep sand risks bogging down. Moreover the grain lies west of the river and must be carried to Woye across the great river. Five thousand carts could move only one hundred thousand hu per round trip, and each round would take more than a hundred days, gravely disrupting farming among the common people. Oxen and carts would suffer heavy losses on the road, and at most two round trips could be made in a year. Delivering five hundred thousand hu would therefore take three years. I was earlier instructed by edict to report any measure that might benefit the state and the people. I have heard that the Zheng and Bai canals drew grain from the Huai region and the coast, sending it upstream for thousands of li with only one delivery a year, yet the state still enjoyed stored grain and the people lived in comfort. I propose to build two hundred boats at Qiantun Mountain where the river runs, pairing two boats into each barge. One boat would carry two thousand hu of grain, each barge would need ten men, and the project would require about one thousand workers. The troops in my command are for the most part experienced on the water. Each voyage could move two hundred thousand hu. Going downstream with the current, the barges would reach Woye in five days; towing back upstream would take ten days, for a round trip of sixty days. From the third month through the ninth month three round trips could deliver six hundred thousand hu. The labor required would be more than ten times lighter than cart transport, with no oxen wasted and no farmland abandoned." An edict replied: "I see that you wish to build boats and transport grain, finishing the fleet in a single winter. This would greatly spare the people's labor, waste no oxen, and abandon no farmland. Excellent. This should serve not only for one shipment but as a permanent model. I shall order Tongwan Garrison separately to provide troops for the transport. Your command may supply one hundred soldiers as shipwrights. Surely you cannot devote a full thousand men to this alone? Even when shipwrights are sent, they will still need your direction and cannot be left entirely on their own. Whenever you find further measures of this kind that benefit the state and the people, report them to me again."
11
九年，雍表曰：「臣聞安不忘亂，先聖之政也。 況綏服之外，帶接邊城，防守不備，無以禦敵者也。 臣鎮所綰河西，爰在邊表，常懼不虞。 平地積穀，實難守護。 兵人散居，無所依恃。 脫有妖姦，必致狼狽。 雖欲自固，無以得全。 今求造城儲穀，置兵備守。 鎮自建立，更不煩官。 又於三時之隙，不令廢農。 一歲、二歲不訖，三歲必成。 立城之所，必在水陸之次。 大小高下，量力取辦。」 詔許之。 至十年三月，城訖。 詔曰：「卿深思遠慮，憂勤盡思，知城已周訖，邊境無不虞之憂，千載有永安之固，朕甚嘉焉。 即名此城為刁公城，以旌爾功也。」
In the ninth year Yong submitted a memorial: "I have heard that in times of peace one must not forget the danger of chaos—such is the policy of the ancient sages. How much more so beyond the pacified heartland, where frontier towns lie pressed against one another: if defenses are not ready, there is no way to hold off the enemy. The garrison under my command holds Hexi, right on the frontier, and I live in constant fear of sudden attack. Grain stored on open ground is in truth very hard to protect. With troops scattered in separate settlements, there is nothing to depend on. Should treachery or sudden trouble appear, the result would surely be panic and rout. Even if we tried to hold our position, we could not keep ourselves intact. I therefore ask permission to build a fort, store grain there, and station troops to guard it. The garrison will raise it on its own and will not burden the central administration further. Work will be scheduled in the gaps between the three farming seasons so that agriculture is not neglected. If it is not finished in one or two years, it will certainly be completed in three. The site chosen for the fort must lie where water and land routes meet. Its scale, height, and dimensions should be determined according to what our strength can manage. An edict approved the request. By the third month of the tenth year the fort was finished. An edict said: "You have thought deeply and planned far ahead, laboring with anxious diligence. Now that the fort is fully completed, the frontier will be free of unforeseen danger, and lasting security will endure for ages to come. I greatly commend your achievement. Let this fort henceforth be named Lord Diao's Fort, to honor your service."
12
興光二年，詔雍還都，拜特進，將軍如故。 和平六年，表曰：
In the second year of Xingguang an edict recalled Yong to the capital, appointed him Special Advance, and left his generalship unchanged. In the sixth year of Heping he submitted another memorial:
13
臣聞有國有家者，莫不禮樂為先。 故樂記云：禮所以制外，樂所以修內。 和氣中釋，恭敬溫文。 是以安上治民，莫善於禮； 易俗移風，莫善於樂。 且於一民一俗，尚須崇而用之，況統御八方，陶鈞六合者哉？ 故帝堯修五禮以明典章，作咸池以諧萬類，顯皇軌於云岱，揚鴻化於介丘。 令木石革心，鳥獸率舞。 包天地之情，達神明之德。 夫感天動神，莫近於禮樂。 故大樂與天地同和，大禮與天地同節。 和，故百物阜生； 節，故報天祭地。 禮行於郊，則上下和肅。 肅者，禮之情； 和者，樂之致。 樂至則無怨，禮至則不違。 揖讓而治天下者，禮樂之謂歟？
I have heard that every lord of a state or head of a clan puts rites and music first. The Record of Music says: rites govern what is outward; music cultivates what is inward. Harmony spreads inward, and reverence, gentleness, and refinement follow. Thus for securing those above and governing the people, nothing surpasses rites; and for changing customs and transforming the spirit of the age, nothing surpasses music. Even for a single people and a single custom they must still be honored and put to use—how much more for one who rules the eight directions and molds all within the four seas? Emperor Yao therefore perfected the five rites to clarify the canon of governance, composed the Xianchi music to harmonize the myriad creatures, displayed the imperial Way upon Cloud Mount, and spread his great transforming influence from Mount Jie. He moved trees and stones to change their hearts, and made birds and beasts dance in unison. He embraced the feelings of Heaven and Earth and attained to the virtue of the spirits. Of all things that move Heaven and stir the spirits, none comes nearer than rites and music. Great music shares harmony with Heaven and Earth; great rites share measure with Heaven and Earth. Through harmony the hundred things flourish; through measure Heaven is answered and Earth is sacrificed to. When rites are performed in the suburbs, superiors and inferiors become harmonious and solemn. Solemnity is the inner quality of rites; harmony is the highest fulfillment of music. When music reaches its fullness there is no resentment; when rites reach their fullness there is no violation. Is not the governance of the realm through yielding and deference precisely what rites and music mean?
14
唯聖人知禮樂之不可以已，故作樂以應天，制禮以配地。 所以承天之道，治人之情。 故王者治定制禮，功成作樂。 虞夏殷周，易代而起。 及周之末，王政陵遲。 仲尼傷禮樂之崩亡，痛文武之將墜，自衞返魯，各得其中。 逮乎秦皇，翦棄道術，灰滅典籍，坑燼儒士，盲天下之目，絕象魏之章，簫韶來儀，不可復矣。 賴大漢之興，改正朔，易服色，協音樂，制禮儀，正聲古禮，粗欲周備。 至於孝章，每以三代損益，優劣殊軌，歎其薄德，無以易民視聽。 博士曹褒覩斯詔也，知上有制作之意，乃上疏求定諸儀，以為漢禮。 終於休廢，寢而不行。 及魏晉之日，修而不備。
Only the sage knows that rites and music must never cease; therefore he composes music to answer Heaven and establishes rites to match Earth. By this he carries out Heaven's Way and governs human feeling. When a king's rule is settled he fixes the rites; when his achievement is complete he composes music. The houses of Yu, Xia, Yin, and Zhou rose in succession, each replacing the last. By the end of Zhou royal governance had fallen into decay. Confucius mourned the collapse of rites and music and grieved that the legacy of Kings Wen and Wu was about to perish; returning from Wei to Lu, he restored each to its proper balance. By the time of the First Emperor of Qin, the Way and its arts had been cut down and cast aside, the classics burned to ash, and the scholars buried alive; the eyes of the realm were blinded, the proclamations of the Elephant Towers were silenced, and the Xiaoshao music with the coming of the phoenix could never be restored. Only with the rise of Great Han were the calendar corrected, robe colors changed, music harmonized, ritual observances established, and the ancient music and ancient rites set right, so that the system was roughly brought to completion. Down to Emperor Zhang of Han, because the additions and subtractions of the Three Dynasties differed in quality and followed separate paths, he sighed at the dynasty's limited virtue and found no way to transform what the people saw and heard. When Erudite Cao Bao saw this edict, he understood that the throne intended to create new institutions, and submitted a memorial asking to fix all observances as the rites of Han. In the end the project was shelved and never carried out. By the time of Wei and Jin the rites were revised but still incomplete.
15
伏惟陛下無為以恭己，使賢以御世，方鳴和鸞以陟岱宗，陪羣后以昇中岳，而三禮闕於唐辰，象舞替於周日。 夫君舉必書，古之典也。 柴望之禮，帝王盛事。 臣今以為有其時而無其禮，有其德而無其樂。 史闕封石之文，工絕清頌之饗，良由禮樂不興，王政有闕所致也。 [5]臣聞樂由禮，所以象德； 禮由樂，所以防淫。 五帝殊時不相沿，三王異世不相襲。 事與時並，名與功偕故也。 臣識昧儒先，管窺不遠，謂宜修禮正樂，以光大聖之治。
I humbly consider that Your Majesty governs through nonaction and reverent self-restraint, employs the worthy to rule the age, and is on the verge of sounding harmonious bells to ascend Mount Tai and accompanying the feudal lords to the Central Peak—yet the three rites have been absent since the age of Tang, and the elephant dance has fallen away since the Zhou. A ruler's every act must be recorded—such is the ancient canon. The rites of faggot and lookout are the supreme ceremonies of emperors and kings. I now believe that the time is at hand but the rites are lacking, and the virtue is present but the music is not. Historical records lack the sealing-stone inscriptions, and craftsmen have abandoned the pure sacrificial hymns—truly because rites and music have not been revived and royal governance has gaps, as that which is caused thereby. [5] I have heard that music arises from rites and thereby images virtue; and rites arise from music and thereby guard against excess. The Five Emperors lived in different ages and did not simply follow one another; the Three Kings ruled in different generations and did not merely inherit from their predecessors. Affairs must accord with the times, and names must match achievements—this is why. My learning is dim before the Confucian ancients, and what I see through a bamboo tube does not reach far; yet I hold that rites should be restored and music rectified to enlarge and illuminate the sage ruler's governance.
16
詔令公卿集議，會高宗崩，遂寢。
An edict ordered the high ministers to meet and deliberate, but when Emperor Wencheng died the proposal was shelved.
17
皇興中，雍與隴西王源賀及中書監高允等並以耆年特見優禮，錫雍几杖，劍履上殿，月致珍羞焉。
During Huangxing, Yong, together with Wang Yuanhe of Longxi and Chief Secretary Supervisor Gao Yun and others, received special honors on account of their great age. Yong was granted an armrest and staff, permitted to enter the hall bearing sword and wearing shoes, and sent delicacies every month.
18
雍性寬柔，好尚文典，手不釋書，明敏多智。 凡所為詩賦頌論并雜文，百有餘篇。 又汎施愛士，怡靜寡欲。 篤信佛道，著教誡二十餘篇，以訓導子孫。 太和八年冬卒，年九十五。 賜命服一襲，賵帛五百匹，贈儀同三司、冀州刺史，將軍如故，諡曰簡。
Yong was broad-minded and gentle by nature. He loved the literary classics and never let a book leave his hand; he was clear-minded, quick-witted, and deeply intelligent. All the poems, rhapsodies, eulogies, essays, and miscellaneous pieces he wrote numbered more than a hundred. He was generous in affection toward scholars, serene and quiet, and little given to desire. He devoutly believed in the Buddhist Way and wrote more than twenty chapters of instruction and admonition to guide his descendants. In the winter of the eighth year of Taihe he died at the age of ninety-five. He was granted one suit of court robes, five hundred bolts of burial silk, and posthumously honored as Grand Master of Splendid Honors and Inspector of Ji province while retaining his former generalship; his posthumous title was Simple.
19
雍長子纂，字奉宗。 中書侍郎。 早卒。
Yong's eldest son was Zuan, whose courtesy name was Fengzong. He served as Secretariat Gentleman. He died young.
20
纂弟遵，字奉國。 襲爵。
Zuan's younger brother was Zun, whose courtesy name was Fengguo. He inherited the marquisate.
21
遵弟紹，字奉世。 武騎侍郎、汝陰王天賜涼州征西府司馬。
Zun's younger brother was Shao, whose courtesy name was Fengshi. He served as Gentleman of the Martial Riders and as Staff Officer of the Western Campaign Headquarters in Liangzhou under Prince Tianci of Runan.
22
紹弟獻，字奉章。 祕書郎。
Shao's younger brother was Xian, whose courtesy name was Fengzhang. He served as Secretariat Clerk.
23
獻弟融，字奉業。 汝陰太守。
Xian's younger brother was Rong, whose courtesy name was Fengye. He served as Administrator of Runan.
24
融弟肅，字奉誠。 中書博士。
Rong's younger brother was Su, whose courtesy name was Fengcheng. He served as Secretariat Erudite.
25
遵少不拘小節，長更修改。 太和中，例降為侯。 [6]景明中，除相州魏郡太守。 還為太尉諮議參軍。 年七十，志力不衰。 嘗經篤疾，幾死，見神明救免，言是福門之子，當享長年。 延昌三年，遷司農少卿。 尋拜龍驤將軍、洛州刺史。 遵招誘有方，蕭衍新化太守杜性、新化令杜龍振、平陽令杜臺定等，率戶三千據地內附。 熙平元年七月卒，年七十六。 贈平東將軍、兗州刺史，諡曰惠侯。 有子十三人。
Zun in youth paid little heed to small proprieties, but as he grew older he reformed himself. During Taihe, by precedent his title was reduced to marquis. [6] During Jingming he was appointed Administrator of Wei Commandery in Xiang province. On his return he became Consultation Officer on the staff of the Grand Commandant. At seventy his resolve and vigor had not declined. Once he fell gravely ill and nearly died; he saw spirits intervene to save him, declaring that he was a son of the Gate of Fortune and would enjoy long life. In the third year of Yanchang he was transferred to Vice Director of the Ministry of Revenue. Soon afterward he was appointed General of the Flying Dragon and Inspector of Luo province. Zun had effective methods of winning people over. Du Xing, Administrator of Xinhua under Xiao Yan, together with Du Longzhen, Magistrate of Xinhua, Du Taiding, Magistrate of Pingyang, and others led three thousand households in occupying territory and submitting to Wei. In the seventh month of the first year of Xiping he died at the age of seventy-six. He was posthumously honored as General Who Pacifies the East and Inspector of Yan province, with the posthumous title Marquis Kind. He had thirteen sons.
26
長子楷，字景伯。 州舉秀才。 早卒。
His eldest son was Kai, whose courtesy name was Jingbo. He was recommended as Filial-Piety and Incorrupt by his province. He died young.
27
子沖，字文助。 [7]在儒林傳。
His son was Chong, whose courtesy name was Wenzhu. [7] His biography appears in the Biographies of Confucian Scholars.
28
楷弟尚，字景勝。 本州治中。 早卒。
Kai's younger brother was Shang, whose courtesy name was Jingsheng. He served as Provincial Aide in his home province. He died young.
29
尚弟整，字景智。 少有大度，頗涉書史。 郡功曹。 太和十五年，奉朝請。 高祖都洛，親自臨選，除司空法曹參軍。
Shang's younger brother was Zheng, whose courtesy name was Jingzhi. From youth he was broad-minded and well read in the classics and histories. He served as Merit Officer of his commandery. In the fifteenth year of Taihe he was appointed Attendant at Court. When Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang and personally oversaw the selection of officials, Zheng was appointed Assistant in the Legal Bureau of the Minister of Works.
30
高祖南討，以廣陽王嘉鎮荊州，整為嘉外兵參軍事。 尋轉太尉、咸陽王禧外兵參軍。 景明中，除給事中，領本州中正。 尋除尚書左中兵郎中。 正始中，蕭衍江州刺史王茂先來寇南境，平南將軍楊大眼討之，詔整持節為大眼軍司，大破茂先，斬衍輔國將軍王花等。 永平初，以軍功除員外散騎常侍，仍除郎中。 延昌三年秋，世宗親選百官於朝堂，拜右軍將軍，仍除郎中。 尋轉驍騎將軍。 未幾，丁父憂。
When Emperor Xiaowen marched south, Prince of Guangyang Jia was posted to garrison Jing province, and Zheng served on his staff as Outside Troops Staff Officer. He was soon transferred to Outside Troops Staff Officer on the staff of the Grand Commandant and Prince of Xianyang Xi. During Jingming he was appointed Supervising Censor and concurrently served as Chief Rectifier of his home province. Soon afterward he was appointed Left Central Troops Master of the Secretariat. During Zhengshi, Wang Mao, Jiangzhou inspector under Xiao Yan, launched an early raid on the southern frontier. General Who Pacifies the South Yang Dayan was sent against him, and an edict appointed Zheng Bearer of the Staff as Dayan's army aide. Zheng won a great victory over Mao and beheaded Xiao Yan's General Who Assists the State Wang Hua and others. At the beginning of Yongping he was appointed Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry for his military achievements, while retaining his post as Master of the Secretariat. In the autumn of the third year of Yanchang, Emperor Xuanwu personally selected officials in the Hall of Court, appointed Zheng General of the Right Army, and again retained him as Master of the Secretariat. He was soon transferred to General of the Valiant Cavalry. Before long he entered mourning upon his father's death.
31
相州刺史、中山王熙在鄴起兵，[8]將誅元叉等。 事敗，傳首京師，熙之親故莫敢視。 整弟婦即熙姊，遂收其屍藏之，後乃還熙所親。 叉聞而致憾，因以熙弟略南走蕭衍，誣整將叛，送整與弟宣及子恭等幽繫之。 [9]賴御史王基、前軍將檢事使魏子建理雪，獲免。 後自征虜將軍出除范陽太守。 時已兵亂，整郡獲全。 去郡之後，尋被陷沒。 靈太后反政，除安南將軍、光祿大夫。 元略曾於整坐泣謂黃門王誦、尚書袁翻曰：「刁公收斂我家，卿等宜知。」
Yuan Xi, Prince of Zhongshan and inspector of Xiang province, raised troops at Ye [8] intending to execute Yuan Cha and his faction. When the revolt failed, Xi's head was sent to the capital, and none of his kin or old associates dared look upon it. Zheng's sister-in-law was Xi's elder sister. She recovered his body and hid it, then later returned it to Xi's family. When Cha heard of this he nursed a grudge. Citing the flight of Xi's younger brother Lue to Xiao Yan in the south, he falsely accused Zheng of plotting rebellion and had Zheng, his brother Xuan, his son Gong, and others secretly imprisoned. [9] Thanks to Censor Wang Ji and Forward Army General and Investigating Commissioner Wei Zijian, who cleared his name, he was released. Later he left the capital from his post as General Who Campaigns Against Barbarians to become Administrator of Fanyang. By then the realm was already torn by war, yet under Zheng the commandery remained intact. Soon after he left the post, the commandery fell. When Empress Dowager Ling regained power, he was appointed General Who Pacifies the South and Grand Master for Splendid Happiness. Yuan Lue once wept in Zheng's presence and said to Wang Song of the Yellow Gate and Secretary Yuan Fan, "Master Diao has stripped my household bare. You ought to know this."
32
整以母老，河北喪亂，時整族弟雙為西兗州刺史，整遂攜家依焉。 永安初，拜金紫光祿大夫。 二年，兼黃門。 元顥入洛，用為滄州刺史。 莊帝還朝，坐免官。 後歸鄉里。 及莊帝殺尒朱榮，就除鎮東將軍、行滄州事。 普泰初，假征東大將軍、滄冀瀛三州刺史、大都督，將軍如前。 尋加車騎將軍、右光祿大夫。 逢本鄉賊亂，奉母客於齊州。 加衞大將軍。 天平四年，卒於鄴。 贈司空公，諡曰文獻。 整解音律，輕財好施，交結名勝，聲酒自娛。 然貪而好色，為議者所貶。
Zheng's mother was elderly, and Hebei was in turmoil. His clansman Shuang was then inspector of Western Yan province, so Zheng moved his household to join him. At the beginning of Yong'an he was appointed Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with the Purple Seal. In the second year he also served in the Yellow Gate. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, Zheng was appointed Inspector of Cang province. When Emperor Zhuangdi returned to the throne, Zheng was dismissed from office. He later returned to his home district. When Emperor Zhuangdi killed Erzhu Rong, Zheng was immediately appointed General Who Guards the East with authority over Cang province. At the beginning of Putai he was provisionally appointed General Who Campaigns East, Inspector of Cang, Ji, and Ying, and Commander-in-Chief, while retaining his previous rank as general. He was soon further promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry and Right Grand Master for Splendid Happiness. When bandits ravaged his home district, he took his mother to stay as a guest in Qi province. He was further promoted to Grand General of the Guard. In the fourth year of Tianping he died at Ye. He was posthumously honored as Duke of the Minister of Works, with the posthumous title Cultured and Meritorious. Zheng understood music, was generous with his wealth, sought out celebrated company, and took his pleasure in song and wine. Yet he was greedy and fond of women, and critics spoke ill of him for it.
33
初雍與從弟寶惠俱入國。 寶惠，字道明，太祖以為上客。 卒，有六子。 子連城，為冀州開府掾。
In the beginning Yong and his younger cousin Bao Hui had entered Wei together. Bao Hui, whose courtesy name was Daoming, was treated by Emperor Taizu as a distinguished guest. When he died he left six sons. His son Liancheng served as staff aide to the general who opened a commandery in Ji province.
34
刁氏世有榮祿，而門風不甚修潔，為時所鄙。
The Diao clan had enjoyed rank and emolument for generations, yet its household conduct was not especially upright, and contemporaries looked down on it.
35
雍族孫雙，字子山。 高祖藪，晉齊郡太守。 藪因晉亂居青州之樂安。 父道履，皇興初，除平原太守。 至雙始還本鄉。 雙少好學，兼涉文史，雅為中山王英所知賞。 拜西河太守。
Yong's clansman Shuang, whose courtesy name was Zishan. His great-grandfather Sou had served Jin as Administrator of Qi Commandery. During the chaos of Jin, Sou settled at Le'an in Qing province. His father Daolu was appointed Administrator of Pingyuan at the beginning of Huangxing. It was only in Shuang's time that the family returned to its native district. From youth Shuang loved learning and was well versed in literature and history. Prince of Zhongshan Ying held him in high regard. He was appointed Administrator of Xihe.
36
正光初，中山王熙之誅也，熙弟略投命於雙，雙護之周年。 時購略甚切。 略乃謂雙曰：「我兄弟屠滅已盡，唯我一身漏刃相託。 卿雖厚恩，久見容蔽，但事留變生，終恐難保。 脫萬一發覺，我死分也，無事相累卿。 若送吾出境，便是再生之惠，如其不爾，輒欲自裁。」 雙曰：「人生會有一死，死所難遇耳。 今遭知己，視死如歸，願不以為慮。」 略後苦求南轉，雙乃遣從子昌送達江左。 靈太后返政，知略因雙獲免，徵拜光祿大夫。 時略姊饒安公主，刁宣妻也，頻訴靈太后，乞徵略還朝廷。 乃以徐州所獲俘江革、祖暅二人易之。 以雙與略有舊，乃令至境迎接略。
At the beginning of Zhengguang, after Prince of Zhongshan Xi was executed, Xi's younger brother Lue placed himself in Shuang's care, and Shuang sheltered him for a full year. At the time the hunt for Lue was fierce. Lue then said to Shuang, "My brothers have been slaughtered to the last man. I alone slipped through the blade and now entrust myself to you. You have shown me great kindness and sheltered me for a long time, but if this drags on, circumstances will change and I fear you will not be able to protect me forever. If I am discovered, my death is my own fate. There is no need for you to be dragged down with me. If you send me across the border, that will be a debt of life renewed. Otherwise I mean to take my own life at once. Shuang replied, "Every man must die once. What is hard is to meet a death worth dying. Now that I have found a true friend, I look on death as going home. Please do not worry on my account. Later Lue pressed hard to go south. Shuang then sent his nephew Chang to escort him safely to the lands east of the Yangzi. When Empress Dowager Ling regained power and learned that Lue had escaped through Shuang's help, she summoned Shuang and appointed him Grand Master for Splendid Happiness. At that time Lue's elder sister was Princess Rao'an, wife of Diao Xuan. She repeatedly appealed to Empress Dowager Ling, asking that Lue be summoned back to court. The court then exchanged him for two captives taken in Xu province, Jiang Ge and Zu Xuan. Because Shuang and Lue were old friends, Shuang was ordered to the border to receive him.
37
肅宗末，除西兗州刺史。 時賊盜蜂起，州人張桃弓等招聚亡命，公行劫掠。 雙至境，先遣使諭桃弓，陳示禍福，桃弓即隨使歸罪，雙捨而不問。 後有盜發之處，令桃弓追捕，咸悉擒獲。 於是州境清肅。 莊帝初，行濟州刺史，以功封曲城鄉男。 出帝初，遷驃騎大將軍、左光祿大夫。 [10]興和三年卒。 贈車騎大將軍、儀同三司、齊州刺史，諡曰清穆。
Near the end of Emperor Suzong's reign he was appointed Inspector of Western Yan province. At that time bandits swarmed everywhere. Local men such as Zhang Taogong gathered fugitives and openly plundered the countryside. When Shuang reached his province, he first sent an envoy to reason with Taogong, explaining the consequences of his course. Taogong at once came with the envoy to surrender, and Shuang pardoned him without punishment. Afterward, whenever robberies occurred, he ordered Taogong to hunt the culprits down, and all were captured. Thereafter order was restored throughout the province. At the beginning of Emperor Zhuangdi's reign he served as acting inspector of Ji province and, for his achievements, was enfeoffed as Baron of Qucheng Village. At the beginning of Emperor Chudi's reign he was promoted to General of the Valiant Cavalry and Left Grand Master for Splendid Happiness. [10] He died in the third year of Xinghe. He was posthumously honored as General of Chariots and Cavalry with ceremonial parity to the Three Excellencies and as Inspector of Qi province, with the posthumous title Pure and Solemn.
38
王慧龍，自云太原晉陽人，司馬德宗尚書僕射愉之孫，散騎侍郎緝之子也。 幼聰慧，愉以為諸孫之龍，故名焉。 初，劉裕微時，愉不為禮，及得志，愉合家見誅。 慧龍年十四，為沙門僧彬所匿。 百餘日，將慧龍過江，為津人所疑，曰：「行意怱怱徬徨，得非王氏諸子乎？」 僧彬曰：「貧道從師有年，止西岸，今暫欲定省，還期無遠，此隨吾受業者，何至如君言。」 既濟，遂西上江陵，依叔祖忱故吏荊州前治中習辟疆。 時刺史魏詠之卒，辟疆與江陵令羅脩、前別駕劉期公、土人王騰等謀舉兵，推慧龍為盟主，剋日襲州城。 而劉裕聞詠之卒，亦懼江陵有變，遣其弟道規為荊州，眾遂不果。 羅脩將慧龍，又與僧彬北詣襄陽。 司馬德宗雍州刺史魯宗之資給慧龍，送渡江，遂自虎牢奔于姚興。 其自言也如此。
Wang Huilong claimed to be a native of Jinyang in Taiyuan. He was the grandson of Yu, Vice Director of the Secretariat under Emperor An of Jin, and the son of Ji, Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. As a child he was clever and gifted. Yu took him to be the dragon among his grandsons, and so gave him the name Huilong, "Wise Dragon." Earlier, when Liu Yu was still obscure, Yu had treated him without courtesy. When Liu Yu rose to power, Yu's entire household was executed. Huilong was fourteen and was hidden by the monk Seng Bin. After more than a hundred days, as he was taking Huilong across the river, a ferryman grew suspicious and said, "You look hurried and restless. Could you be sons of the Wang clan?" Seng Bin replied, "I have studied under my teacher for years and live on the west bank. I am only going home for a brief visit and will return soon. This boy studies with me. How could things be as you say?" Once they had crossed, they went west to Jiangling and took refuge with Xi Pijiang, a former aide of Jing province and onetime retainer of Huilong's grand-uncle Chen. At that time the inspector Wei Yongzhi died. Pijiang, together with Jiangling magistrate Luo Xiu, former vice director Liu Qigong, the local leader Wang Teng, and others plotted to raise troops, making Huilong their covenant leader and fixing a day to storm the provincial city. But Liu Yu, hearing of Yongzhi's death, feared unrest at Jiangling and sent his younger brother Daogui to take over Jing province, so the plot came to nothing. Luo Xiu took Huilong and, together with Seng Bin, went north to Xiangyang. Lu Zongzhi, Yong province inspector under Emperor An of Jin, supplied Huilong and helped him cross the river. Huilong then fled from Hulao to Yao Xing. Such was the account he gave of himself.
39
泰常二年，姚泓滅，慧龍歸國。 太宗引見與言，慧龍請效力南討，言終，俯而流涕，天子為之動容。 謂曰：「朕方混一車書，席卷吳會，卿情計如此，豈不能相資以眾乎？」 然亦未之用。 後拜洛城鎮將，配兵三千人鎮金墉。 既拜十餘日，太宗崩。 世祖初即位，咸謂南人不宜委以師旅之任，遂停前授。
In the second year of Taichang, after Yao Hong's defeat, Huilong returned to Wei. Emperor Mingyuan received him in audience. Huilong asked to serve in the southern campaigns, and when he finished speaking he bowed his head and wept. The emperor was deeply moved. The emperor said to him, "I am now uniting the realm and sweeping through Wu and Kuai. With devotion such as yours, can I not supply you with an army?" Yet in the end Huilong was not employed. Later he was appointed Garrison General of Luocheng, given three thousand troops, and posted to garrison Jinyong. Within little more than ten days of his appointment, Emperor Mingyuan died. When Emperor Taiwu first ascended the throne, court opinion held that a southerner should not be entrusted with military command, and Huilong's appointment was revoked.
40
初，崔浩弟恬聞慧龍王氏子，以女妻之。 浩既婚姻，及見慧龍，曰：「信王家兒也。」 王氏世齇鼻，江東謂之齇王。 慧龍鼻大，浩曰：「真貴種矣。」 數向諸公稱其美。 司徒長孫嵩聞之，不悅，言於世祖，以其嘆服南人，則有訕鄙國化之意。 世祖怒，召浩責之。 浩免冠陳謝876得釋。 及魯宗之子軌奔姚興，後歸國，云慧龍是王愉家豎，僧彬所通生也。 浩雖聞之，以女之故，成贊其族。 慧龍由是不調。
Earlier, Cui Hao's younger brother Tian, hearing that Huilong was a son of the Wang clan, gave him his daughter in marriage. Once the marriage tie was formed and Hao saw Huilong, he said, "He is truly a son of the Wang house. The Wang clan for generations had snub noses. East of the Yangzi they were called the Snub-Nose Wangs. Huilong's nose was large. Hao said, "Truly noble blood. He repeatedly praised Huilong's virtues before the high officials. Minister of Works Changsun Song heard this and was displeased. He told Emperor Taiwu that by sighing in admiration over a southerner, Hao showed contempt for the state's civilizing mission. Emperor Taiwu was enraged and summoned Hao to rebuke him. Hao removed his cap and made a formal apology, and was released. When Lu Zong's son Gui fled to Yao Xing and later returned to Wei, he claimed that Huilong was a household boy in Wang Yu's service, born from an illicit affair with the monk Seng Bin. Although Hao heard this, for his daughter's sake he successfully defended Huilong's claim to the Wang lineage. Because of this Huilong received no advancement.
41
久之，除樂安王範傅，領并荊揚三州大中正。 慧龍抗表，願得南垂自効。 崔浩固言之，乃授南蠻校尉、安南大將軍左長史。 及劉義隆荊州刺史謝晦起兵江陵，引慧龍為援。 慧龍督司馬靈壽等一萬人拔其思陵戍，[11]進圍項城。 晦敗，乃班師。 後劉義隆將王玄謨寇滑臺，詔假慧龍楚兵將軍，與安頡等同討之。 相持五十餘日，諸將以賊盛莫敢先，慧龍設奇兵大破之。 世祖賜以劍馬錢帛，授龍驤將軍，賜爵長社侯，拜滎陽太守，仍領長史。 在任十年，農戰並修，大著聲績。 招攜邊遠，歸附者萬餘家，號為善政。
After some time he was appointed tutor to Prince of Le'an Fan and concurrently Chief Rectifier of Bing, Jing, and Yang provinces. Huilong submitted a memorial in protest, asking to be sent to the southern frontier to prove his worth. Cui Hao pressed his case, and Huilong was appointed Commandant of Southern Barbarians and Left Chief Clerk to the General Who Pacifies the South. When Liu Yilong's inspector of Jing province, Xie Hui, raised troops at Jiangling, he summoned Huilong as an ally. Huilong led Ling Shou and others with ten thousand men, captured the Silin garrison,[11] and advanced to besiege Xiangcheng. When Xie Hui was defeated, Huilong withdrew his troops. Later Liu Yilong's general Wang Xuanymo attacked Huatai. An edict provisionally appointed Huilong General of Chu Troops, and he joined An Ba and others in suppressing the invasion. The two sides faced off for more than fifty days. The other generals, finding the enemy too strong, dared not strike first, but Huilong deployed surprise troops and won a crushing victory. Emperor Taiwu bestowed a sword, horse, money, and silks, appointed him General of Dragon Cavalry, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Changshe, made him Administrator of Xingyang, and kept him on as chief clerk. In ten years in office he developed both agriculture and military readiness, and his reputation and achievements were outstanding. He drew in the distant frontier population; more than ten thousand households submitted to him, and his rule was praised as enlightened.
42
其後，劉義隆將到彥之、檀道濟等頻頓淮潁，大相侵掠，慧龍力戰，屢摧其鋒。 彥之與友人蕭斌書曰：「魯軌頑鈍，馬楚粗狂，亡人之中唯王慧龍及韓延之可為深憚。 不意儒生懦夫，乃令老子訝之。」 劉義隆縱反間，云慧龍自以功高而位不至，欲引寇入邊，因執安南大將軍司馬楚之以叛。 世祖聞曰：「此必不然，是齊人忌樂毅耳。」 乃賜慧龍璽書曰：「義隆畏將軍如虎，欲相中害，朕自知之。 風塵之言，想不足介意也。」 劉義隆計既不行，復遣刺客呂玄伯購慧龍首，二百戶男、絹一千匹。 玄伯偽為反間來，求屏人有所論。 慧龍疑之，使人探其懷，有尺刀。 玄伯叩頭請死。 慧龍曰：「各為其主也。 吾不忍害此人。」 左右皆言義隆賊心未已，不殺玄伯，無以制將來。 慧龍曰：「死生有命，彼亦安能害我。 且吾方以仁義為干鹵，又何憂乎刺客。」 遂捨之。 時人服其寬恕。
Thereafter Liu Yilong's generals Dao Yanzhi, Tan Daoji, and others repeatedly encamped along the Huai and Ying rivers and launched major raids. Huilong fought hard and repeatedly broke their momentum. Yanzhi wrote to his friend Xiao Bin: "Lu Gui is stubborn and dull, Ma Chu is crude and wild. Among the exiles only Wang Huilong and Han Yanzhi are truly to be deeply feared. I never expected that a bookish weakling would leave this old man in awe." Liu Yilong spread disinformation, claiming that Huilong, believing his achievements great but his rank too low, wished to lure enemies across the border, and on that pretext seized Chief Clerk to the General Who Pacifies the South Sima Chuzhi on charges of rebellion. When Emperor Taiwu heard of it he said, "This surely cannot be true. It is like the people of Qi envying Yue Yi." He then bestowed on Huilong an imperial letter bearing the seal, saying, "Yilong fears you, General, as he would a tiger and wishes to destroy you by intrigue. I know this myself. Rumors borne on the wind—surely they are not worth troubling over." When Liu Yilong's plot failed, he again sent the assassin Lü Xuanbo to purchase Huilong's head for two hundred taxable male households and one thousand bolts of silk. Xuanbo pretended to come as a turncoat agent and asked for a private audience to discuss something. Huilong grew suspicious and had someone search his robes; a foot-long knife was found. Xuanbo kowtowed and begged to be executed. Huilong said, "Each man serves his own lord. I cannot bear to harm this man." Those around him all said that Yilong's treacherous intent was not yet exhausted, and that unless Xuanbo were killed there would be no deterring future assassins. Huilong said, "Life and death are allotted by fate. How could he harm me? Moreover, I am just now taking benevolence and righteousness as my shield and spear—why should I worry about assassins?" He then released him. People of the time admired his magnanimity.
43
慧龍自以遭難流離，常懷憂悴，乃作祭伍子胥文以寄意焉。 生一男一女，遂絕房室。 布衣蔬食，不參吉事。 舉動必以禮。 太子少傅游雅言於朝曰：「慧龍，古之遺孝也。」 撰帝王制度十八篇，號曰國典。 真君元年，拜使持節、寧南將軍、虎牢鎮都副將。 未至鎮而卒。 臨沒，謂功曹鄭曄曰：「吾覊旅南人，恩非舊結，蒙聖朝殊特之慈，得在疆埸効命。 誓願鞭屍吳市，戮墳江陰。 不謂嬰此重疾，有心莫遂。 非唯仰愧國靈，實亦俯慚后土。 修短命也，夫復何言。 身歿後，乞葬河內州縣之東鄉，依古墓而不墳，足藏髮齒而已。 庶魂而有知，猶希結草之報。」 時制，南人入國者皆葬桑乾。 曄等申遺意，詔許之。 贈安南將軍、荊州刺史，諡穆侯。 吏人及將士共於墓所起佛寺，圖慧龍及僧彬象讚之。 呂玄伯感全宥之恩，留守墓側，終身不去。 子寶興襲爵。
Huilong, brooding on the hardships of exile and flight, was often weighed down with grief, and composed a Rite to Wu Zixu to give his feelings expression. He had one son and one daughter, and then ceased marital relations. He wore plain cloth and ate simple food, and took no part in festive occasions. In every movement he observed ritual propriety. Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent You Ya said at court, "Huilong is a surviving exemplar of the filial devotion of antiquity." He compiled eighteen chapters on imperial institutions, entitled the National Canon. In the first year of Zhenjun he was appointed Bearer of the Staff of Authority, General Who Pacifies the South, and Deputy Commander of Tiger Cage Garrison. Before he reached his post he died. At the point of death he said to Chief Clerk Zheng Ye, "I am a sojourner from the south. My ties were not old bonds, yet I received the court's extraordinary kindness and was able to give my life on the frontier. I had sworn to lash Liu Yu's corpse through the markets of Wu and desecrate his tomb beside the Yangzi. I never expected to be stricken with this grave illness; the wish of my heart cannot be fulfilled. I am shamed not only before the state's tutelary spirits, but also before the earth below. Life is short—what more is there to say? After my death I beg to be buried in the eastern township of a county in Henei commandery, in the manner of the old tombs without raising a mound—enough only to hold hair and teeth. If my soul retains awareness, I still hope for the repayment of the knotting grass." At that time the regulation was that southerners who entered the state were all buried at Sanggan. Ye and the others reported his final wishes, and an edict granted the request. He was posthumously honored as General Who Pacifies the South and Inspector of Jing province, with the posthumous title Marquis Mu. Officials, commoners, and soldiers together raised a Buddhist temple at the grave site and painted images of Huilong and Seng Bin to honor them. Lü Xuanbo, moved by the grace of being spared, remained to guard the tomb and never left for the rest of his life. His son Bao Xing inherited the title.
44
寶興少孤，事母至孝。 尚書盧遐妻，崔浩女也。 初，寶興母及遐妻俱孕，浩謂曰：「汝等將來所生，皆我之自出，可指腹為親。」 及婚，浩為撰儀，躬自監視。 謂諸客曰：「此家禮事，宜盡其美。」 及浩被誅，盧遐後妻，寶興從母也，緣坐沒官。 寶興亦逃避，未幾得出。 盧遐妻，時官賜度河鎮高車滑骨。 寶興盡賣貨產，自出塞贖之以歸。 州辟治中從事、別駕，舉秀才，皆不就。 閉門不交人事。 襲爵長社侯、龍驤將軍。 卒，子瓊襲爵。
Bao Xing lost his father young and served his mother with utmost filial devotion. He married the daughter of Minister of the Interior Lu Xia, who was Cui Hao's daughter. At first, when Bao Xing's mother and Xia's wife were both pregnant, Hao said to them, "The children you will bear are all of my own flesh. You may betroth them by pointing at your bellies." When the marriage took place, Hao drafted the ceremonial protocol and personally supervised it. He said to the guests, "This family's rites should be carried to the fullest perfection." When Hao was executed, Lu Xia's wife—Bao Xing's maternal aunt—was implicated by association and enslaved as punishment. Bao Xing also fled into hiding, but before long was able to emerge. Lu Xia's wife had been assigned by the authorities as the slave Gao Che Huagu at Duhe garrison. Bao Xing sold all his property, went beyond the border himself to ransom her, and brought her home. The province appointed him aide and vice director and nominated him as Filial and Incorrupt, but he accepted none of these posts. He shut his doors and had no dealings with worldly affairs. He inherited the title Marquis of Changshe and the post of General of Dragon Cavalry. When he died, his son Qiong inherited the title.
45
瓊，字世珍。 高祖賜名焉。 太和九年，為典寺令。 十六年，降侯為伯。 高祖納其長女為嬪，拜前軍將軍、并州大中正。 正始中，為光州刺史。 有受納之響，為中尉王顯所劾，終得雪免。 神龜中，除左將軍、兗州刺史。 去州歸京，多年沉滯。 所居在司空劉騰宅西，騰雖勢傾朝野，初不候之。 騰既權重，吞并隣宅，增廣舊居，唯瓊終不肯與。 以此久見抑屈。 瓊女適范陽盧道亮，不聽歸其夫家。 及女卒，哀慟無已。 瓊仍葬之別所，冢不即塞，常於壙內哭泣。 久之乃掩。 當時深怪，疑其穢行。 加以聾疾，每見道俗，乞丐無已。 造次見之，令人笑愕。 道逢太保、廣平王懷，據鞍抗禮，自言馬瘦。 懷即以誕馬并乘具與之。 嘗詣尚書令李崇，騎馬至其黃閤，見崇子世哲，直問繼伯在否。 崇趨出，瓊乃下。 崇儉而好以紙帖衣領，瓊哂而掣去之。 崇小子青肫，嘗盛服。 〈闕〉 寵勢亦不足恨。 領軍元叉使奴遺瓊馬，并留奴。 王誦聞之，笑曰：「東海之風，於茲墜矣。」 孝昌三年，除鎮東將軍、金紫光祿大夫、中書令。 時瓊子遵業為黃門郎，故有此授。 卒，年七十四。 贈征北將軍、中書監、并州刺史。 自慧龍入國，三世一身，至瓊始有四子。
Qiong, courtesy name Shizhen. Emperor Xiaowen bestowed the name on him. In the ninth year of Taihe he served as Director of the Palace Temple Office. In the sixteenth year his marquisate was reduced to a count's. Emperor Xiaowen took his eldest daughter as a concubine and appointed Qiong General of the Vanguard and Chief Rectifier of Bing province. During the Zhengshi era he served as Inspector of Guang province. He had a reputation for accepting bribes and was impeached by Chief Commandant Wang Xian, but in the end was cleared and exonerated. During the Shengui era he was appointed General of the Left and Inspector of Yan province. After leaving his province he returned to the capital and for many years languished without advancement. His residence was west of Director of Works Liu Teng's mansion. Though Teng's power tilted the court and countryside, Qiong at first did not call on him. Once Teng's authority grew heavy, he swallowed neighboring houses and expanded his old residence—but Qiong alone refused to yield. For this reason he long remained suppressed and passed over. Qiong's daughter was married to Lu Daoliang of Fanyang, but Qiong would not let her return to her husband's home. When the daughter died he grieved without end. Qiong buried her in a separate place, did not immediately seal the tomb, and often wept inside the burial chamber. Only after a long time did he cover it over. People at the time were deeply astonished and suspected improper conduct. Added to this was deafness; whenever he saw monks or laymen he begged from them without cease. Encountering him casually, one could not help laughing in amazement. On the road he met Grand Tutor Prince of Guangping Huai, saluted from the saddle as an equal, and said his horse was lean. Huai at once gave him Dan's horse together with its riding gear. Once he called on Minister of the Interior Li Chong, riding his horse right up to the Yellow Gate, and seeing Chong's son Shizhe bluntly asked whether Jibo was present. Chong hurried out, and only then did Qiong dismount. Chong was frugal and liked to paste paper on his collar; Qiong laughed and tore it off. Chong's youngest son Qingzhun once dressed in splendid attire. 〈Text missing in the manuscript.〉 Even pampering and power were nothing to envy. General-in-Chief Yuan Cha sent a servant to present Qiong with a horse and left the servant behind. Wang Song heard of it and laughed, saying, "The wind of the Eastern Sea has fallen here at last." In the third year of Xiaochang he was appointed General Who Pacifies the East, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, and Director of the Central Secretariat. At that time Qiong's son Zunye was a Gentleman at the Yellow Gate, which is why he received this appointment. He died at the age of seventy-four. He was posthumously honored as General Who Campaigns North, Supervisor of the Central Secretariat, and Inspector of Bing province. From the time Huilong entered Wei, three generations had each produced only one son; only with Qiong did the line first have four sons.
46
長子遵業，風儀清秀，涉歷經史。 位著作佐郎，與司徒左長史崔鴻同撰起居注。 遷右軍將軍，兼散騎常侍，慰勞蠕蠕。 乃詣代京，採拾遺文，以補起居所闕。 與崔光、安豐王延明等參定服章。 及光為肅宗講孝經，遵業預講，延業錄義，[12]並應詔作釋奠侍宴詩。 時人語曰：「英英濟濟，王家兄弟。」 轉司徒左長史、黃門郎、監典儀注。 遵業有譽當時，與中書令陳郡袁翻、尚書瑯琊王誦並領黃門郎，號曰三哲。 時政歸門下，世謂侍中、黃門為小宰相。 而遵業從容恬素，若處丘園。 嘗著穿角履，好事者多毀新履以學之。 以胡太后臨朝，天下方亂，謀避地，自求徐州。 太后曰：「王誦罷幽州始作黃門，卿何乃欲徐州？ 更待一二年，當有好處分。」 遵業兄弟，並交遊時俊，乃為當時所美。 及尒朱榮入洛，兄弟在父喪中，以於莊帝有從姨兄弟之親，相率奉迎，俱見害河陰。 議者惜其人才，而譏其躁競。 贈并州刺史。 著三晉記十卷。
The eldest son, Zunye, was refined in bearing and well read in the classics and histories. He served as Associate Gentleman of the Palace Library and, together with Cui Hong, Left Chief Clerk to the Minister over the Masses, helped compile the Daily Record. He was promoted to General of the Right Army and concurrently Regular Attendant at the Dispersed Cavalry, and was sent to offer condolences to the Rouran. He then traveled to the capital at Dai, collected surviving documents, and used them to fill gaps in the Daily Record. Together with Cui Guang, Prince of Anfeng Yanming, and others, he helped draft regulations for official dress. When Cui Guang lectured on the Classic of Filial Piety for Emperor Suzong, Zunye joined the lecture and Yanye recorded its substance,[12] and both wrote poems at the emperor's command for the libation feast. People at the time said, "Splendid and accomplished—the Wang brothers. He was transferred to Left Chief Clerk of the Minister over the Masses, Gentleman at the Yellow Gate, and Supervisor of Canonical Rites and Protocol. Zunye was widely admired in his day. Together with Director of the Central Secretariat Yuan Fan of Chen commandery and Secretary Wang Song of Langya, all serving as Gentlemen at the Yellow Gate, they were known as the Three Sages. At that time real power lay with the Gate Office, and people spoke of the Attendant-in-Chief and the Yellow Gate as "lesser chancellors." Yet Zunye remained easy and unassuming, as though he lived in seclusion on some country hillside. He once wore shoes with splayed, cut-away toes, and many fashion-minders ruined new pairs trying to copy him. With Empress Dowager Hu governing from behind the curtain and the realm descending into chaos, he sought a refuge and asked to be sent to Xuzhou. The empress dowager said, "Wang Song had to leave You province before he could take up the Yellow Gate post—why are you asking for Xuzhou? Wait another year or two, and you will surely receive a fine appointment." The Zunye brothers kept company with the leading men of the age and were widely admired. When Erzhu Rong entered Luoyang, the brothers were still in mourning for their father. Because they were maternal cousins of Emperor Zhuang, they went out together to welcome him—and all were killed at Heyin. Commentators regretted their gifts but faulted their hasty ambition. He was posthumously honored as Inspector of Bing province. He wrote Records of the Three Jin in ten juan.
47
遵業子松年，尚書庫部郎。
Zunye's son Songnian served as Gentleman of the Treasury Section in the Ministry of Works.
48
韓延之，字顯宗，南陽赭陽人，魏司徒暨之後也。 司馬德宗平西府錄事參軍。 劉裕率伐司馬休之，[13]未至江陵，密使與延之書招之。 延之報曰：「聞親率戎馬，遠履西畿，闔境士庶，莫不怪駭。 何者？ 莫知師出之名故也。 司馬平西體國忠貞，款愛待物，當於古人中求耳。 劉裕足下，海內之人誰不見足下此心，而復欲欺誑國士，天地所不容，在彼不在此矣。 今伐人之君，啗人以利，真可謂處懷期物，自有由來者矣。 以平西之至德，寧無授命之臣乎？ 假令天長喪亂，九流渾濁，當與臧洪遊於地下，不復多言。」 裕得書歎息，以示諸佐曰：「事人當應如此。」 劉裕父名翹，字顯宗，於是延之字顯宗，名子為翹，蓋示不臣劉氏也。 後奔姚興。 泰常二年，與司馬文思來入國，以延之為虎牢鎮將，爵魯陽侯。 初延之曾來往栢谷塢，省魯宗之墓，有終焉之志。 因謂子孫云：「河洛三代所都，必有治於此者。 我死不勞向北代葬也，即可就此。」 及卒，子從其言，遂葬於宗之墓次。 延之死後五十餘年而高祖徙都，其孫即居於墓北栢谷塢。
Han Yanzhi, courtesy name Xianzong, was a native of Zheyang in Nanyang and a descendant of Ji, Minister over the Masses of Wei. He served as Recording Officer on the staff of Sima Dezong, Prince Who Pacifies the West. Liu Yu marched against Sima Xiuzhi,[13] and before he reached Jiangling he sent a secret messenger with a letter trying to win Yanzhi over. Yanzhi replied, "I hear that you have personally led your troops deep into the western capital region, and every official and commoner within the borders is astonished and alarmed. Why? Because no one knows the proper name for this campaign. Sima, Prince Who Pacifies the West, embodies loyalty to the state and treats others with sincerity and warmth—a man to be sought among the ancients alone. Liu Yu—who under heaven does not see through your intent? Yet you would again try to deceive a man of honor. Heaven and earth will not abide it; the blame lies with you, not with me. To attack another man's sovereign and lure men with profit—this truly shows a heart that has long schemed for power; it is nothing new. With the Prince Who Pacifies the West's supreme virtue, could he fail to command ministers who would give their lives for him? Even if heaven prolongs the age of chaos and every walk of life grows corrupt, I would yet keep company with Zang Hong in the grave—I will say no more. When Liu Yu received the letter he sighed and showed it to his staff, saying, "This is how one ought to serve one's lord. Liu Yu's father's name was Qiao and his courtesy name Xianzong; Yanzhi therefore took the courtesy name Xianzong and named his son Qiao, plainly declaring that he would not submit to the Liu house. Later he fled to Yao Xing. In the second year of Taichang he entered Wei together with Sima Wensi; Yanzhi was made Garrison Commander of Hulao and enfeoffed as Marquis of Luyang. Early on Yanzhi had traveled to Cypress Valley Fort, visited the tomb of Lu Zongzhi, and resolved to end his days there. He told his descendants, "The lands of the Yellow River and Luoyang were the seat of three dynasties; there must someday be good government here again. When I die, do not trouble yourselves to bury me north in Dai—bury me here." When he died, his son followed his wishes and buried him beside Zongzhi's tomb. More than fifty years after Yanzhi's death, Emperor Gaozu moved the capital, and his grandson settled north of the tomb at Cypress Valley Fort.
49
延之前妻羅氏生子措，措隨父入國。 又以淮南王女妻延之，生道仁。 措推道仁為嫡，襲父爵，位至殿中尚書。 進爵西平公。
Yanzhi's first wife, Lady Luo, bore a son named Cuo, who followed his father into Wei. Yanzhi also took a daughter of the Prince of Huainan as his wife, and she bore Daoren. Cuo yielded primogeniture to Daoren, who inherited his father's title and rose to Palace Secretary within the Hall. He was promoted to Duke of Xiping.
50
袁式，字季祖，陳郡陽夏人，漢司徒滂之後。 父淵，司馬昌明侍中。 式在南，歷武陵王遵諮議參軍。 與司馬文思等歸姚興。 泰常二年歸國，為上客，賜爵陽夏子。 與司徒崔浩一面，便盡國士之交。 是時，朝儀典章，悉出於浩，浩以式博於古事，每所草創，恒顧訪之。 性長者，雖羈旅飄泊，而清貧守度，不失士節，時人甚敬重之，皆呼曰袁諮議。 延和二年，衞大將軍、樂安王範為雍州刺史，詔式與中書侍郎高允俱為從事中郎，[14]辭而獲免。 式沉靖樂道，周覽書傳，至於詁訓、倉、雅，偏所留懷。 作字釋，未就。 以天安二年卒。 贈豫州刺史，諡肅侯。
Yuan Shi, courtesy name Jizu, was a native of Yangxia in Chen commandery and a descendant of Pang, Minister over the Masses of Han. His father Yuan served as Attendant-in-Chief under Sima Changming. In the south Shi served as Consultation Officer on the staff of Prince Zun of Wuling. Together with Sima Wensi and others he went over to Yao Xing. In the second year of Taichang he returned to Wei, was received as a senior guest, and was granted the title Viscount of Yangxia. After a single meeting with Minister of Works Cui Hao, the two became intimate friends in the full sense of the term. At that time court ritual and institutional regulations all issued from Cui Hao, and because Shi was deeply versed in antiquity, Hao invariably sought his counsel whenever he drafted anything new. A man of integrity by nature, he remained poor but dignified even in exile, never abandoning a gentleman's standards; his contemporaries held him in high esteem and called him Adviser Yuan. In the second year of Yanhe, when General-in-Chief Fan, Prince of Le'an, became Inspector of Yong province, an edict appointed Shi and Gao Yun, Vice Director of the Central Secretariat, as Attending Clerks;[14] Shi declined and was excused. Shi was calm and devoted to learning; he read widely in books and chronicles, with a special fondness for glossaries, the Cangjie primer, and the Erya. He began a work called Character Explanations but did not finish it. He died in the second year of Tian'an. He was posthumously honored as Inspector of Yu province with the posthumous title Marquis Su.
51
子濟，襲。 位魏郡太守，政有清稱，加寧遠將軍。 子姪遂居潁川之陽夏。
His son Ji inherited the title. He served as Administrator of Wei commandery, won a reputation for upright governance, and was additionally appointed General Who Pacifies the Distance. His sons and nephews then settled at Yangxia in Yingchuan.
52
史臣曰：刁雍才識恢遠，著聲立事，禮遇優隆，世有人爵堂構之義也。 王慧龍拔難自歸，頗歷夷險，撫人督眾，見憚嚴敵。 世珍實有令子，克播家聲。 韓延之報書劉裕，國體在焉。 袁式贊禮崔浩，時稱長者，一時有稱，信為美哉。
The court historian writes: Diao Yong's talent and vision were far-reaching; he won renown and accomplished real deeds, and received the highest favor—a family that truly embodied the promise of inheriting office and building a lasting house. Wang Huilong escaped hardship to return of his own accord, endured many trials, governed men and led armies, and was feared even by formidable foes. Shizhen truly had worthy sons who carried on the family's name. In Han Yanzhi's letter to Liu Yu, the integrity of the state itself was at stake. Yuan Shi advised Cui Hao on ritual, was acclaimed as a man of integrity in his day, and earned enduring praise—truly admirable.
53
校勘記
Collation Notes
54
南阻大 〈闕〉 李慈銘云：「『大』下當是『峴』字。」
"south of Great [Mountain]" — the passage in question. 〈Text missing in the manuscript.〉 Li Ciming remarked: "After 'Great' the character should be 'Xian' [forming Mount Daxiang]."
55
朝於行觀北史卷二六刁雍傳「觀」作「宮」，疑是。
"Attending at the Traveling View": in the biography of Diao Yong in Beishi, juan 26, "View" is written "Palace"; this is probably correct.
56
此城已平李慈銘云：「『此』當作『北』。」 按上有「平其北城」語，李說是。
"This city was already pacified": Li Ciming remarked, "'This' should read 'North.'" Above there is the phrase "pacified its north city"; Li's view is correct.
57
高於水不過一丈通典卷一水利田引雍表「水」上有「河」字。 按下云：「高於河水二丈三尺。」 疑此脫「河」字。
"Higher than the water by no more than one zhang": Tongdian, juan 1 (Water and Fields), citing Diao Yong's memorial, has the graph "river" before "water." Below the text reads, "Higher than the river water by two zhang and three chi." It is suspected that "river" has been omitted here.
58
王政有闕所致也諸本脫「所」字，今據冊府卷五八０ 〈六九五三頁〉 補。
"Caused by lacunae in royal governance": all editions omit "that which"; restored according to Cefu, juan 580 〈p. 6953〉 is supplemented here.
59
太和中例降為侯按卷四下世祖紀下太平真君三年九月見「東安公刁雍」，墓誌集釋刁遵墓誌 〈圖版二二二〉 稱雍為「東安簡公」。 是刁雍先曾進封為公，雍傳失書，這裏所謂「例降為侯」，便不可解。
"In the Taihe era, by regulation demoted to marquis": in juan 4B of the Basic Annals of Emperor Shizu, ninth month of the third year of Taiping Zhenjun, we find "Diao Yong, Duke of Dong'an"; in the Collected Epitaph Interpretations, the epitaph of Diao Zun 〈Plate 222〉 styles Diao Yong "Duke Jian of Dong'an." This shows that Diao Yong had previously been ennobled as a duke; because the biography omits that fact, the phrase "by regulation demoted to marquis" here becomes unintelligible.
60
子沖字文助北史卷二六「助」作「朗」，本書卷八四儒林刁沖傳 〈補〉 也作「朗」，疑「助」乃「朗」之訛。
"His son Chong, courtesy name Wenzhu": Beishi, juan 26, writes "Zhu" as "Lang"; the biography of Diao Chong in juan 84 of the Confucian scholars section of this book 〈Supplement〉 also reads "Lang"; "Zhu" is probably a corruption of "Lang."
61
相州刺史中山王熙在鄴起兵諸本「中山」作「山陽」。 按卷一九下熙傳和其他紀載熙襲中山王，從未封山陽王，今改正。
"Inspector of Xiang province, Prince Xi of Zhongshan, raised troops at Ye": all editions read "Zhongshan" as "Shanyang." According to the biography of Xi in juan 19B and other records, Xi inherited the title Prince of Zhongshan and was never made Prince of Shanyang; the text is corrected accordingly.
62
送整與弟宣及子恭等幽繫之諸本「宣」作「宜」。 按下文刁雙傳作「宣」，北史卷二六刁雙傳同。 刁遵墓誌陰錄諸子名也作「宣」。 「宜」字形近而訛，今改正。
"Sent Zheng together with his younger brother Xuan and his son Gong and others to be imprisoned": all editions read "Xuan" as "Yi." The biography of Diao Shuang below reads "Xuan," as does Beishi, juan 26, biography of Diao Shuang. The rear inscription on Diao Zun's epitaph, listing the names of his sons, also has "Xuan." "Yi" is a graphic corruption of "Xuan"; the text is corrected accordingly.
63
遷驃騎大將軍左光祿大夫北史卷二九「驃」作「驍」。 按卷一一三官氏志載太和後品令驍騎將軍在第四品，既無加「大」之例，也不能兼第二品的左光祿大夫。 「驍」字訛。 但下文說雙死後「贈車騎大將軍、儀同三司」。 「驃騎」班在「車騎」上，一般不可能贈官反低於身前所任官職。 這裏當衍「大」字，驃騎將軍兼左光祿大夫魏末多見。
Promoted to General Who Chases the Enemy and Left Grand Master for Splendid Happiness: Beishi juan 29 reads the title character biao as xiao (Valiant Cavalry General). According to juan 113 of the Treatise on Official Surnames, the post-Taihe rank regulations place General of Vigorous Cavalry in the fourth rank; there is no precedent for adding "Great," and the post could not be held concurrently with Left Grand Master of the Palace, a second-rank office. "Xiao" is a textual corruption. Yet below we read that after Shuang's death he was posthumously honored as Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry with the honors of the Three Preceptors. General of Fast Cavalry outranks Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry; a posthumous honor would not normally rank below the office held in life. The character "Great" should be regarded as an interpolation here; General of Fast Cavalry concurrently serving as Left Grand Master of the Palace was common in the late Wei period.
64
慧龍督司馬靈壽等一萬人拔其思陵戍諸本「靈」作「盧」，北史卷三五王慧龍傳作「靈」。 按卷三七司馬叔璠傳附長子靈壽，「盧」字訛，今據改。
"Huilong supervised Sima Lingshou and ten thousand men in capturing the Silin garrison": all editions read "Ling" as "Lu"; Beishi, juan 35, biography of Wang Huilong, has "Ling." According to juan 37, biography of Sima Shufan, appended section on his eldest son Lingshou, "Lu" is corrupt; the text is emended accordingly.
65
遵業預講延業錄義諸本「延業」作「延明」，北史卷三五作「延業」。 按下云：「英英濟濟，王家兄弟。」 延業是遵業第二弟，見北史卷三五，若是元延明，和所謂「王家兄弟」不合。 「明」字涉上「安豐王延明」而訛，今據北史改。 又按此傳王瓊四子，只舉遵業一人，傳中却一再稱王家兄弟。 北史傳末附見遵業弟廣業、延業、季和，皆魏書所宜有，疑此傳脫去。
Zunye attended the lecture and Yanye recorded the meaning: all editions read Yanye as Yanming, but Beishi juan 35 has Yanye. The passage below says, Splendid and numerous, the Wang brothers. Yanye was Zunye's second younger brother, as seen in Beishi juan 35. If the name referred to Yuan Yanming, it would not fit the phrase Wang brothers. The character ming was corrupted by association with Prince of Anfeng Yanming above; it is now corrected according to Beishi. Moreover, this biography says Wang Qiong had four sons yet names only Zunye, while repeatedly referring to the Wang brothers. The Beishi biography appends at its end Zunye's younger brothers Guangye, Yanye, and Jihe, all of whom the Wei shu ought to include; this biography likely has lacunae.
66
劉裕率伐司馬休之按北史卷二七韓延之傳無「率」字。 張森楷云：「此句殊費解，疑『率』下當有『兵』字。」 按也可能是衍文。
Liu Yu led a campaign against Sima Xiuzhi: Beishi juan 27, Biography of Han Yanzhi, lacks the word shuai (lead). Zhang Senkai remarked, This sentence is especially obscure; perhaps the word bing (troops) should follow shuai. Alternatively, shuai may be a superfluous insertion.
67
延和二年衞大將軍樂安王範為雍州刺史詔式與中書侍郎高允俱為從事中郎諸本「二年」作「三年」，「中郎」作「郎中」。 按範為雍州刺史，見卷四上世祖紀上延和二年正月。 「三」字訛，今據改。 從事中郎是三公和將軍開府的屬官，卷四八高允傳也說「以本官領衞大將軍樂安王範從事中郎」。 「郎中」是倒誤。 今乙正。
In the second year of Yanhe Prince of Le'an Fan became Inspector of Yong province, and an edict appointed Shi and Secretariat Gentleman Gao Yun as his joint Staff Officers: all editions read the second year as the third year and zhonglang as langzhong. Fan's appointment as Inspector of Yong appears in the Basic Annals of Emperor Shizu, juan 4, in the first month of the second year of Yanhe. The character for three is erroneous and is now corrected. Staff Officer was a post under the Three Excellencies and under generals with their own headquarters. Gao Yun's biography in juan 48 likewise says he served as Staff Officer to Prince of Le'an Fan while retaining his original rank. Langzhong is a transposed error. The text is now corrected accordingly.