1
嚴稜毛脩之唐和劉休賓房法壽
Yan Leng, Mao Xiuzhi, Tang He, Liu Xiubin, and Fang Fashou
2
嚴稜，馮翊臨晉人。 遇亂避地河南，劉裕以為廣威將軍、陳留太守，戍倉垣。 泰常中，山陽公奚斤南討，軍至潁川，稜率文武五百人詣斤降，驛送稜朝太宗於冀州。 嘉其誠款，拜平遠將軍，賜爵郃陽侯，假荊州刺史。 隨駕南討，還為上客。 及世祖踐阼，以稜歸化之功，除中山太守，有清廉之稱。 年九十，卒於家。
Yan Leng came from Linjin in Fufeng Commandery. Amid the turmoil he took refuge in Henan, where Liu Yu made him General of Expansive Might and Administrator of Chenliu, stationed at Cangyuan. During the Taichang reign, Duke Xi Jin of Shanyang led a southern campaign; when his forces reached Yingchuan, Leng brought five hundred officials and officers to submit to Xi Jin, who had him escorted by relay to present himself to Emperor Taizong in Jizhou. The court praised his good faith, appointed him General Who Pacifies the Distance, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Heyang, and granted him acting authority as Inspector of Jingzhou. He followed the emperor on the southern expedition and, upon returning, was received as a distinguished guest at court. After Emperor Shizu ascended the throne, Leng was made Administrator of Zhongshan in reward for his surrender and gained a reputation for clean government. He died at home at the age of ninety.
3
子雅玉，襲爵。 真君中，詔雅玉副長安鎮將元蘭率眾一萬，迎漢川附化之民，入自斜谷，至甘亭。 劉義隆梁州刺史王玄載遣將拒嶮，路不得通，班師。 太和二年，太倉令。 五年，出為平南將軍、東兗州刺史，假馮翊公。 卒，子曇襲爵。
His son Yayu succeeded to the marquisate. During the Zhenjun reign he was ordered to assist Yuan Lan, commander of the Chang'an garrison, in leading ten thousand troops to receive Hanzhong people who had come over, marching in through Xiegu as far as Ganting. Wang Xuanzai, Liu Yilong's Inspector of Liangzhou, sent officers to hold the defiles; the way was blocked and the force turned back. In the second year of Taihe he served as Grand Steward of the Granary. In the fifth year he was posted as General Who Pacifies the South and Inspector of Eastern Yanzhou, with provisional rank as Duke of Fufeng. When he died, his son Tan inherited the title.
4
毛脩之，字敬文，滎陽陽武人也。 父瑾，司馬德宗梁秦二州刺史。 劉裕之擒姚泓，留子義真鎮長安，以脩之為司馬。 及赫連屈丐破義真於青泥，脩之被俘，遂沒統萬。 世祖平赫連昌，獲脩之。 神䴥中，以脩之領吳兵討蠕蠕大檀，以功拜吳兵將軍，領步兵校尉。 後從世祖征平涼有功，遷散騎常侍、前將軍、光祿大夫。 脩之能為南人飲食，手自煎調，多所適意。 世祖親待之，進太官尚書，賜爵南郡公，加冠軍將軍，常在太官，主進御膳。
Mao Xiuzhi, whose courtesy name was Jingwen, came from Yangwu in Yingyang Commandery. His father Jin had been Inspector of Liang and Qin under Emperor Dezong of Jin. After Liu Yu took Yao Hong captive, he left his son Yizhen to hold Chang'an and made Xiuzhi chief of staff. When Helian Quju routed Yizhen at Qingni, Xiuzhi was captured and passed into Helian rule at Tongwan. When Emperor Shizu subdued Helian Chang, Xiuzhi came into his hands. During the Shenju reign he commanded Wu troops against the Rouran khan Datan and, for his service, was made General of Wu Troops and Colonel Director of Footsoldiers. He later accompanied Emperor Shizu on the Pingliang campaign, distinguished himself, and rose to Attendant-in-Ordinary, General of the Vanguard, and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. Xiuzhi knew how to prepare southern cuisine and cooked and seasoned dishes himself, usually to excellent effect. The emperor favored him personally, promoted him to Director of the Imperial Kitchen, enfeoffed him as Duke of Nancheng, gave him the additional title General of the Champions, and kept him in the kitchen service supervising the imperial table.
5
從討和龍，別破三堡，賜奴婢、牛羊。 是時，諸軍攻城，宿衞之士多在戰陳，行宮人少。 雲中鎮將朱脩之，劉義隆故將也，時從在軍，欲率吳兵謀為大逆，因入和龍，冀浮海南歸。 以告脩之，脩之不聽，乃止。 是日無脩之，大變幾作。 朱脩之遂亡奔馮文通。 又以脩之收三堡功多，遷特進、撫軍大將軍、金紫光祿大夫，位次崔浩之下。
On the Helong campaign he separately reduced three strongholds and was rewarded with slaves, cattle, and sheep. At that time the armies were investing cities and most of the palace guards were on the front, leaving the mobile court lightly manned. Zhu Xiuzhi, the Yunzhong garrison commander and once a general of Liu Yilong, was with the campaign and plotted to rally Wu troops in a major rebellion, intending to enter Helong and flee by sea back to the south. He informed Mao Xiuzhi, who refused to go along, and the conspiracy was abandoned. Had Mao Xiuzhi not been there that day, a grave crisis would almost certainly have erupted. Zhu Xiuzhi thereupon fled to Feng Wentoong. As Xiuzhi's credit for capturing the three forts was great, he was advanced to Special Grand Master, General Who Pacifies the Army, and Grand Master of the Golden Chariot and Purple Canopy, standing in rank just below Cui Hao.
6
浩以其中國舊門，雖學不博洽，而猶涉獵書傳，每推重之，與共論說。 言次，遂及陳壽三國志有古良史之風，其所著述，文義典正，皆揚于王廷之言，微而顯，婉而成章，班史以來無及壽者。 脩之曰：「昔在蜀中，聞長老言，壽曾為諸葛亮門下書佐，被撻百下，故其論武侯云『應變將略，非其所長』。」 浩乃與論曰：「承祚之評亮，乃有故義過美之譽，案其迹也，不為負之，非挾恨之矣。 何以云然？ 夫亮之相劉備，當九州鼎沸之會，英雄奮發之時，君臣相得，魚水為喻，而不能與曹氏爭天下，委棄荊州，退入巴蜀，誘奪劉璋，偽連孫氏，守窮踦𨄅之地，僭號邊夷之間。 此策之下者。 可與趙他為偶，而以為管蕭之亞匹，不亦過乎？ 謂壽貶亮非為失實。 且亮既據蜀，恃山嶮之固，不達時宜，弗量勢力。 嚴威切法，控勒蜀人； 矜才負能，高自矯舉。 欲以邊夷之眾抗衡上國。 出兵隴右，再攻祁山，一攻陳倉，疏遲失會，摧衄而反； 後入秦川，不復攻城，更求野戰。 魏人知其意，閉壘堅守，以不戰屈之。 知窮勢盡，憤結攻中，發病而死。 由是言之，豈合古之善將，見可而進，知難而退者乎？」 脩之謂浩言為然。
Because Xiuzhi came from an established Chinese family, Cui Hao valued him even though his scholarship was not wide, and often discussed texts with him. Their conversation turned to Chen Shou's Records of the Three Kingdoms, which Hao praised as having the spirit of the great ancient historians—elegant, authoritative, and subtle in judgment, unmatched since Ban Gu. Xiuzhi said, "When I was in Shu I heard elders say Chen Shou had served Zhuge Liang as a clerk and was beaten a hundred strokes, which is why he wrote of the Martial Lord that 'in adapting to circumstances and grand strategy he was not at his strongest.'" Hao replied that Chen Shou's assessment of Zhuge Liang was actually strained praise with a hidden point—that judged by Liang's record it was not unfair and did not arise from personal spite. Why do I say this? Liang aided Liu Bei at a time when the empire was in turmoil and heroes contended; though ruler and minister were said to be as close as fish and water, he could not vie with Cao Cao for the realm—he abandoned Jingzhou, retreated into Ba and Shu, wrested Liu Zhang's territory by deceit, made a show of alliance with Sun Quan, and held a desperate foothold on the frontier while claiming imperial title among border peoples. This was among the weakest possible strategies. He might be compared with Zhao Tuo, yet to rank him with Guan Zhong and Xiao He—is that not going too far? So Chen Shou's lowering of Liang's stature was not a distortion of the facts. Moreover, once Liang held Shu behind its mountain barriers, he failed to read the times and misjudged relative power. He imposed harsh laws and tight control on the people of Shu; trusting in his own talent, he held himself arrogantly aloof. He meant to pit a frontier population against the central realm. He marched into Longyou, attacked Qishan twice and Chencang once, was slow and lost his openings, and was beaten back in defeat; Later he entered Qinchuan, ceased storming walled towns, and sought open battle instead. The Wei commanders understood his aim, closed their walls and stood firm, and wore him down without giving battle. When he saw his strength exhausted, frustration consumed him and he died of illness. On this showing, how does he resemble the great commanders of antiquity who advance when they see advantage and retire when they know the odds are against them? Xiuzhi agreed that Hao was right.
7
太延二年，為外都大官。 卒，諡曰恭公。
In the second year of Taiyan he became Grand Director of the Outer Kitchen. He died and was given the posthumous title Duke Gong.
8
脩之在南有四子，唯子法仁入國。 高宗初，為金部尚書，襲爵。 後轉殿中尚書，加散騎常侍。 法仁言聲壯大，至於軍旅田狩，唱呼處分，振於山谷。 和平六年卒。 贈征東大將軍、南郡王，諡曰威。
Xiuzhi had four sons in the south, but only his son Faren came into the Northern Wei. At the start of Emperor Gaozong's reign he served as Director of the Gold Department and inherited the title. He was later moved to Director of the Palace Department with the additional post of Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. Faren had a booming voice; on campaign or in the hunt, when he shouted commands they echoed through the hills. He died in the sixth year of Heping. He was posthumously appointed General Who Conquers the East and Prince of Nancheng, with the posthumous name Wei.
9
長子猛虎，太安中，為東宮主書，轉中舍人，又遷中散大夫。 初襲爵，為散騎常侍。 皇興中，蠕蠕犯塞，從顯祖討之，有勇決之稱。 太和初卒，贈豫州刺史，諡曰康公。
His eldest son Menghu, during Tai'an, served as master of documents in the Eastern Palace, then as palace attendant, then as Grand Master of the Palace. He first succeeded to the title and held the post of Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. During Huangxing, when the Rouran invaded the border, he accompanied Emperor Xianzu on the campaign and earned a reputation for bold decision. He died early in Taihe and was posthumously made Inspector of Yu with the posthumous name Duke Gong.
10
子泰寶，襲爵。 征虜長史。 例降為侯。 卒，子乾祐襲。
His son Taibao inherited the title. He served as chief clerk to the General Who Punishes the Barbarians. By precedent the rank was reduced to marquis. When he died, his son Qianyou succeeded.
11
朱脩之者，劉義隆司徒從事中郎。 守滑臺，安頡圍之。 其母在家，乳汁忽出。 母號慟告家人曰：「我年老，非復有乳汁之時，今忽如此，兒必歿矣。」 果以其日為頡所擒。 世祖善其固守，授以內職，以宗室女妻之。 而佞巧輕薄，為人士所賤。 為雲中鎮將。 及入馮文通，文通送之江南。
Zhu Xiuzhi had served as Attendant of the Masters of Writing in Liu Yilong's Secretariat. He held Huatai when An Li besieged it. His mother, still at home, suddenly began to lactate again. She cried out in grief and told the family, "I am too old to nurse again—when this happens unbidden, my son is surely doomed." On that very day he was indeed taken by An Li. Emperor Shizu praised his stubborn defense, gave him a post in the inner service, and married him to a woman of the imperial clan. Yet he was obsequious, cunning, and shallow, and men of standing looked down on him. He was appointed garrison commander of Yunzhong. When he went over to Feng Wentoong, Wentoong sent him on to the southern court.
12
唐和，字稚起，晉昌冥安人也。 [1]父繇，以涼土喪亂，民無所歸，推隴西李暠於敦煌，以寧一州。 李氏為沮渠蒙遜所滅，和與兄契攜外甥李寶避難伊吾，招集民眾二千餘家，臣於蠕蠕。 蠕蠕以契為伊吾王。
Tang He, whose courtesy name was Zhiqi, came from Ming'an in Jinchang Commandery. [1] His father You, when the Liang territories fell into chaos and the people were homeless, installed Li Gao at Dunhuang to restore order in the region. After the Li house was overthrown by Juqu Mengxun, He and his brother Qi fled with their nephew Li Bao to Yiwu, rallied more than two thousand families, and submitted to the Rouran. The Rouran made Qi king of Yiwu.
13
經二十年，和與契遣使來降，為蠕蠕所逼，遂擁部落至于高昌。 蠕蠕遣部帥阿若率騎討和。 至白力城，和率騎五百先攻高昌，契與阿若戰歿。 和收餘眾，奔前部王國。 時沮渠安周屯橫截城，和攻拔之，斬安周兄子樹，又克高寧、白力二城，斬其戍主。 遣使表狀，世祖嘉其誠款，屢賜和。 和後與前部王車伊洛擊破安周，斬首三百。
After twenty years He and Qi sent envoys to surrender; harried by the Rouran, they eventually moved their people to Gaochang. The Rouran dispatched the tribal leader A Ruo with horsemen to strike at He. At Baili City He led five hundred riders in a prior assault on Gaochang; Qi fell in battle against A Ruo. He gathered the survivors and fled to the Former Department kingdom. Juqu Anzhou was then stationed at Hengjie City; He stormed it, killed Anzhou's nephew Shu, and also took the garrison towns of Gaoning and Baili, executing their defenders. He sent a formal report to court; Emperor Shizu commended his loyalty and rewarded him repeatedly. He later joined Che Yiluo, king of the Former Department, in defeating Anzhou and taking three hundred heads.
14
世祖遣成周公萬度歸討焉耆，詔和與伊洛率所領赴度歸。 和奉詔。 會度歸喻下柳驢以東六城，因共擊波居羅城，拔之。 後同征龜茲，度歸令和鎮焉耆。 時柳驢戍主乙真伽率諸胡將據城而叛，和領輕騎一百匹入其城，擒乙真伽，斬之，由是諸胡款附。 西域克平，和有力也。
The emperor sent Duke Wan Duigui of Chengzhou against Yanqi and ordered He and Yiluo to bring their followers to Duigui. He obeyed the edict. When Duigui brought the six cities east of Liulü to terms, they jointly attacked Bojuluo and captured it. On the later campaign against Kucha, Duigui left He to hold Yanqi. When the Liulü garrison commander Yizhenjia rallied the frontier peoples in revolt, He rode into the city with a hundred light cavalry, seized and executed Yizhenjia, and the tribes then submitted. He played a major role in the pacification of the Western Regions.
15
子欽，字孟直。 中書學生，襲爵。 太和中，拜鎮南將軍、長安鎮副將，轉陝州刺史，將軍如故。 後降爵為侯。 二十年卒。
His son Qin, whose courtesy name was Mengzhi. Trained in the Directorate of Documents, he inherited the title. During Taihe he was made General Who Guards the South and deputy commander of the Chang'an garrison, then Inspector of Shanzhou while keeping his general's rank. Later his noble rank was reduced to marquis. He died in the twentieth year.
16
子景宣，襲爵。 歷并州城陽王徽後軍府長史，加中堅將軍，遷東郡太守。 普泰中卒。 贈撫軍將軍、秦州刺史。
His son Jingxuan inherited the title. He served in turn as chief clerk in the rear army staff of Prince Hui of Chengyang in Bingzhou, was given the additional title General of Firm Resolve, and became Administrator of Dongjun. He died during the Putai era. He was posthumously appointed General Who Pacifies the Army and Inspector of Qin.
17
景宣弟季弼，武定中，滄州別駕。
Jingxuan's younger brother Jibi served as Vice-Prefect of Cangzhou during the Wuding reign.
18
契子玄達，性果毅，有父風。 與叔父和歸闕，俱為上客。 拜安西將軍、晉昌公。 顯祖時，出為華州刺史，將軍如故。 杏城民蓋平定聚眾為逆，顯祖遣給事楊鍾葵擊平定，不克而還，詔玄達討平之。 杏城民成赤李又聚黨，自號為王，逼掠郡縣，殘害百姓。 玄達率騎二百，邀其狹路，擊破之。 叛民曹平原復聚為亂，玄達追擊悉平之。 延興三年，有罪免官。 太和十六年，降爵為侯。 卒。
Qi's son Xuanda was bold and decisive, with his father's bearing. He came to court with his uncle Tang He, and both were received as distinguished guests. He was appointed General Who Pacifies the West and enfeoffed as Duke of Jinchang. Under Emperor Xianzu he was posted as Inspector of Huazhou while keeping his general's rank. When Gai Pingding of Xingcheng raised a rebel band, the emperor sent Attendant Yang Zhongkui against him; Zhongkui failed and withdrew, and Xuanda was ordered to finish the campaign. Another Xingcheng leader, Cheng Chil, rallied followers, declared himself king, raided the districts, and terrorized the populace. Xuanda took two hundred cavalry, ambushed them in a defile, and routed them. When the rebel Cao Pingyuan rose again, Xuanda pursued and crushed the movement entirely. In the third year of Yanxing he was found guilty and removed from office. In the sixteenth year of Taihe his noble rank was reduced to marquis. He died.
19
子崇，字繼祖，襲爵。 盛樂太守。
His son Chong, whose courtesy name was Jizu, succeeded to the title. He served as Administrator of Shengle.
20
崇弟興業，定陽、闡熙二郡太守。 劉休賓，字處幹，本平原人。 祖昶，從慕容德度河，家于北海之都昌縣。 父奉伯，劉裕時北海太守。 休賓少好學，有文才，兄弟六人，乘民、延和等皆有時譽。
Chong's younger brother Xingye held the posts of Administrator of Dingyang and Chanxi. Liu Xiubin, whose courtesy name was Chugan, was originally from Pingyuan. His grandfather Chang accompanied Murong De across the Yellow River and established the family in Duchang County in Beihai. His father Fengbo had been Administrator of Beihai under Liu Yu. Xiubin loved study from youth and had literary gifts; of six brothers, Chenmin, Yanhe, and the rest all enjoyed contemporary renown.
21
休賓為劉彧虎賁中郎將，稍遷幽州刺史，鎮梁鄒。 及慕容白曜軍至升城，遣人說之，令降，休賓不從。 劉彧龍驤將軍崔靈延、行勃海郡房靈建等數十家皆入梁鄒，同舉休賓為征虜、兗州。 會劉彧遣使授休賓輔國將軍、兗州刺史。 休賓妻，崔邪利女也，生一男，字文曄。 崔氏先歸寧在魯郡，邪利之降也，文曄母子遂與俱入國。 至是，白曜表請崔與文曄。 既至，白曜以報休賓，又於北海執延和妻子，送至梁鄒，巡視城下。 休賓答白曜，許歷城降，當即歸順，密遣兼主簿尹文達向歷城，觀國軍形勢。
Xiubin served Liu Yu as General of the Tiger Guards of the Household, then rose to Inspector of Youzhou, stationed at Liangzou. When Murong Baiyao's army reached Shengcheng, he sent envoys urging surrender, but Xiubin refused. Cui Lingyan, Liu Yu's General of the Dragon Cavalry, Fang Lingjian, acting Administrator of Bohai, and dozens of other families entered Liangzou and jointly proclaimed Xiubin General Who Punishes the Barbarians and Inspector of Yanzhou. Liu Yu then sent envoys confirming Xiubin as General Who Supports the State and Inspector of Yanzhou. Xiubin's wife was a daughter of Cui Xieli; their son's courtesy name was Wenye. Lady Cui had earlier gone home to Lu Commandery; when Xieli submitted, Wenye and his mother came into the Northern Wei together. Baiyao now petitioned to have Lady Cui and Wenye brought forward. Once they arrived, Baiyao notified Xiubin; he also took Yanhe's wife captive in Beihai and paraded her before the walls of Liangzou. Xiubin answered Baiyao that he would surrender Licheng and submit promptly, while secretly dispatching Chief Clerk Yin Wenda to Licheng to spy on the imperial forces.
22
文達詣白曜，詐言聞王臨境，故來祗候。 私謂白曜曰：「劉休賓父子兄弟，累郡連州，今若識運知機，束手歸化，不審明王加何賞敍？」 白曜曰：「休賓仕南，爵寵如此，今若不勞兵甲望風自降者，非直處卿富貴，兼還其婦兒。 休賓縱令不畏攻圍，豈不憐其妻子也！ 今在升城，[2]卿自往見。」 文達乃至升城，見休賓妻子。 文曄攀援文達，哭泣號咷，以爪髮為信。 文達回還，復經白曜，誓約而去。 白曜曰：「卿是休賓耳目腹心，親見其妻子，又知我眾旅少多，善共量議，自求多褔。」 文達還見休賓，出其妻兒爪髮，兼宣白曜所言及國軍形勢，謂休賓曰：「升城已敗，歷城非朝則夕，公可早圖之。」 休賓撫爪髮泣涕曰：「妻子幽隔，誰不愍乎？ 吾荷南朝厚恩，受寄邊任，今顧妻子而降，於臣節足乎！」 然而密與其兄子聞慰議為降計。 聞慰曰：「此故當文達誑詐耳。 年常抄掠，豈有多軍也？ 但可撫強兵，勤肅衞，方城狹嶮，何為便生憂怯，示人以弱也。」
Wenda approached Baiyao and pretended he had come to pay his respects upon hearing the prince had reached the frontier. In private he asked Baiyao, "The Liu Xiubin clan has held one post after another—if they now read the times and surrender willingly, what honors would Your Highness grant them?" Baiyao replied, "Xiubin enjoyed high rank in the south; if he yields without a fight, not only will you prosper, but your wife and son will be restored to you as well. Even if Xiubin fears no assault, surely he pities his wife and child! They are in Shengcheng now; [2] go see them yourself." Wenda went on to Shengcheng and met Xiubin's family. Wenye clung to Wenda, crying loudly, and sent fingernail parings and locks of hair as proof. On his way back Wenda stopped again at Baiyao's camp, exchanged oaths, and departed. Baiyao told him, "You are Xiubin's trusted agent—you have seen his family and know our strength; weigh matters carefully with him and secure the best outcome you can." Back in Liangzou, Wenda showed the tokens and reported Baiyao's message and the imperial army's strength, urging Xiubin, "Shengcheng is lost and Licheng will fall within days—you must act soon." Xiubin caressed the tokens and wept, "My family is held hostage—who would not grieve for them? Yet the southern court favored me greatly and entrusted me with the frontier—if I surrender for my family's sake, where is a minister's honor? Still, he secretly discussed surrender with his nephew Wen Wei. Wen Wei said, "This must be Wenda's trickery. They raid us every year—how could they field a huge army? Train the troops, tighten the defenses—the terrain is rugged; why grow frightened at once and show the enemy we are weak?"
23
休賓又謂文達曰：「卿勿憚危苦，更為吾作一返，善觀形勢。」 於是遣文達偷道而出，令與白曜為期，剋日許送降款。 文達既至，白曜喜曰：「非直休賓父子荷榮，城內賢豪，亦隨人補授。 卿便即為梁鄒城主。」 以酒灌地，啟告山河曰：「若負休賓，使我三軍覆沒！」 初，白曜之表取休賓妻子也，顯祖以道固既叛，詔授休賓持節、平南將軍、冀州刺史、平原公。 至是，付文達詔策。 文達還，謂休賓曰：「白曜信誓如此，公可早為決計，恐攻逼之後，降悔無由。」 休賓於是告兄子聞慰曰：「事勢可知，汝早作降書。」 聞慰沉疑，固執不作，[3]遂差本契。
Xiubin also told Wenda, "Do not shrink from the danger—make another journey and watch the situation closely." He sent Wenda out by a hidden route to set a date with Baiyao for handing over the surrender pledge. When Wenda arrived, Baiyao rejoiced, "Not only will the Xiubin family be honored, but the city's leading men will receive posts as well. You shall be made lord of Liangzou at once." He poured wine on the ground and swore to heaven and earth, "If I break faith with Xiubin, may my whole army perish!" When Baiyao had earlier asked for Xiubin's family, Dao Gu had already rebelled, and the court had appointed Xiubin Bearer of the Staff, General Who Pacifies the South, Inspector of Jizhou, and Duke of Pingyuan. He now gave Wenda the edict and commission. Wenda returned and urged Xiubin, "Baiyao's oath is firm—decide quickly, or after a siege you may have no chance to surrender." Xiubin then told Wen Wei, "The matter is obvious—draft the surrender letter now." Wen Wei wavered and refused to write; [3] the agreed plan was therefore broken.
24
白曜尋遣著作佐郎許赤虎夜至梁鄒南門下，告城上人曰：「汝語劉休賓，何由遣文達頻造僕射，許送降文，歸誠大化，何得無信，違期不來！」 於是門人唱告，城內悉知，遂相維持，欲降不得，皆云：「劉休賓父子，欲以我城內人易榮位也。」 尋被攻逼，經冬至春。 歷城降，白曜遣道固子景業與文曄至城下。 休賓知道固降，乃出請命。 白曜送休賓及宿有名望者十餘人，俱入代都為客。 及立平齊郡，乃以梁鄒民為懷寧縣，休賓為縣令。 延興二年卒。
Baiyao soon sent Editorial Assistant Xu Chihu by night to Liangzou's south gate, calling up, "Tell Liu Xiubin: why did he send Wenda again and again to my camp promising surrender, yet break faith and fail to appear on the appointed day!" The guards shouted the message and the whole city learned of it; the garrison restrained one another from surrendering, saying, "The Xiubins mean to buy their honors with our lives." Soon the siege pressed from winter into spring. When Licheng fell, Baiyao sent Dao Gu's son Jingye and Wenye to the foot of the walls. Learning that Dao Gu had submitted, Xiubin came out to beg mercy. Baiyao sent Xiubin and a dozen other men of note to the capital as honored guests. When Pingqi Commandery was organized, Liangzou's people became Huaining County and Xiubin was made magistrate. He died in the second year of Yanxing.
25
文曄，有志尚，綜覽羣書，輕財重義。 太和中，坐從兄聞慰南叛，與二弟文顥、季友被徙北邊，高祖特聽還代。
Wenye was ambitious, widely read, and prized integrity above money. During Taihe, when his cousin Wen Wei defected south, Wenye and his brothers Wenhao and Jiyou were banished north, until Emperor Gaozu specially permitted their return.
26
高祖曾幸方山，文曄大言於路側曰：「求見聖明，申宣久屈。」 高祖遣尚書李沖宣詔問曰：「卿欲何言，聽卿面自申盡。」 於是引見。 文曄對曰：「臣之陋族，出自平原，往因燕亂，流離河表，居齊以來，八、九十載。 真君十一年，世祖太武皇帝巡江之日，時年二歲，隨外祖魯郡太守崔邪利於鄒山歸國。 邪利蒙賜四品，除廣寧太守。 以臣年小，不及齒錄。 至天安之初，皇威遠被，臣亡父休賓，劉氏持節、兗州刺史，戍梁鄒。 時慕容白曜以臣父居全齊之要，水陸道衝，青冀二城，往來要路，三城岳跱，並拒王師。 白曜知臣母子先在代京，表請臣母子慰勞。 臣即被先帝詔，遣乘傳詣軍，又賜亡父官爵。 白曜遣右司馬盧河內等送臣母子至鄒。 臣既見亡父，備申皇澤。 云：『吾蒙本朝寵遇，捍禦藩屏，尊卑百口，並在二城。 吾若先降，百口必被誅滅，既不固誠於本朝，又令尊卑塗炭，豈堪為人臣以奉大魏乎？ 汝且申吾意白僕射，降意已判，平歷城，即率士眾送款軍前。』 既克歷城，白曜遣赤虎送臣并崔道固子景業等向梁鄒。 亡父既見赤虎之信，仰感聖朝遠遣妻子，又知天命有歸，擁眾一萬，以城降款。 乘驛赴臺，蒙為客例。 臣私釁深重，亡父以延興二年孤背明世，血誠微心，未獲申展。 如臣等比，並蒙榮爵，為在事孤抑，以人廢勳。」 高祖曰：「卿訴父賞而卿父無勳。 歷城齊之西關，歸命請順。 梁鄒小戍，豈能獲全？ 何足以為功也。」 文曄對曰：「誠如聖旨，愚臣所見，猶有未申。 何者？ 昔樂毅破齊七十餘城，唯有即墨獨在，此豈非根亡而條立？ 且夫降順之人，驗之古今，未有不由危逼者。 故黃權無路歸款，列地封侯。 且薛安都、畢眾敬危急投命，並受茅土之爵。 論古則如彼，語今則如此，明明之世，不及比流。 竊惟梁鄒嚴固，地據中齊，粟支十載，控弦數千萬，方之升城，不可同日而語。 升城猶能抗兵累旬，傷殺甚眾，若臣亡父固守孤城，則非一朝可克。」 高祖曰：「歷城既陷，梁鄒便是掌中，何煩兵力。」 對曰：「若如聖旨，白曜便應窮兵極意，取勝俯仰，何為上假赤虎之信，下衒知變之民？」 高祖曰：「卿父此勳，本自至少，以卿才地，豈假殷勤。」 對曰：「臣尩愚六蔽，文武無施，響絕九皐，聞天無日，遭逢聖運，萬死猶生。 但臣竊見徐兗是賊藩要，徐兗既降，諸戍皆應國有。 而東徐州刺史張讜所戍團城，領二郡而已。 徐兗降後，猶閉門拒命，授以方嶽，始乃歸降。 父子二人，並蒙侯爵。 論功比勤，不先臣父。」 高祖曰：「卿引張讜，讜事小異。」 對曰：「臣未識異狀。」 高祖曰：「張讜始來送款，終不差信。 卿父進非先覺，退又拒守，何得不異？」 對曰：「張讜父子，始有歸順之名，後有閉門之罪，以功補過，免罪為幸。 臣又見崔僧祐母弟，隨其叔父道固在歷城。 僧祐遙聞王威遠及，恐母弟淪亡，督率鄉閭來欲救援。 既至郁洲，歷城已沒，束手歸誠，救母弟之命。 聖朝嘉其附化，賞以三品。 亡父之誠，豈後僧祐？」 高祖曰：「僧祐身居東海，去留任意，來則有位，去則他人，是故賞之。 卿父被圍孤城，已是己物，所以不賞。」 對曰：「亡父據城歸國，至公也； 僧祐意計而來，為私也。 為私蒙賞，至公不酬，臣未見其可。」 高祖笑而不言。
When the emperor visited Fangshan, Wenye shouted from the roadside, "I beg audience with the sage ruler to lay out long-suppressed wrongs." The emperor sent Li Chong of the Secretariat with an edict: "Speak your mind—you may plead your case in person." He was then brought in for audience. Wenye answered, "My humble clan came from Pingyuan; during the Yan turmoil we fled south of the river and have lived in Qi for eighty or ninety years. In the eleventh year of Zhenjun, when Emperor Taizu toured the Yangzi, I was two and followed my grandfather Cui Xieli, Administrator of Lu, in surrendering at Zou Mountain. Xieli received a fourth-rank enfeoffment and was made Administrator of Guangning. Because I was still a child I was not recorded in the rolls. At the start of Tian'an, when imperial power extended everywhere, my late father Xiubin, the Liu court's Bearer of the Staff and Inspector of Yanzhou, held Liangzou. Murong Baiyao saw that my father held the strategic heart of Qi, where land and water routes met and the Qing and Ji corridor lay open—three great cities stood like peaks, all defying the imperial army. Knowing my mother and I were already in the capital, Baiyao petitioned to have us sent to negotiate. I received the late emperor's edict and was dispatched by post to the front; my father's offices were also confirmed. Baiyao sent Right Chief Commandant Lu Henei and others to escort us to Zou. When I met my father I conveyed the emperor's favor in full. He said, "This court has favored me and entrusted me with the frontier; more than a hundred of our kin are in the two cities." If I yield first, they will all be killed; I would betray my sovereign and doom my family—how could I then serve Great Wei in good faith? Tell the Minister my decision is made: once Licheng falls I will lead the people out to submit." After Licheng fell, Baiyao sent Chihu with me, Cui Dao Gu's son Jingye, and others to Liangzou. Seeing Chihu's message, my father was moved that the court had sent his family from afar and recognized the turn of fate; he led ten thousand men in surrender. He rode post to the capital and was received as an honored guest. My own guilt runs deep: my father died in the second year of Yanxing before his loyalty could be rewarded. Men like me were ennobled, yet we remain sidelined and our merit set aside for personal reasons." The emperor said, "You ask honors for your father, but your father earned no merit. Licheng was Qi's western gate and submitted willingly. Liangzou was a minor post—how could it have held out? How does that amount to merit?" Wenye answered, "Your Majesty is right, yet this humble servant still has more to say. How so? When Yue Yi conquered more than seventy Qi cities, only Jimo remained—is that not a tree whose roots are gone but one branch still stands? Moreover, throughout history those who surrender have almost always done so under dire pressure. Huang Quan had no other path and submitted, and was enfeoffed as marquis. Xue Andu and Bi Zongjing, fleeing in extremity, both received fiefs and noble rank. The ancients did thus and the present should as well—yet in this enlightened age such cases are not matched. Liangzou was strongly fortified in central Qi, with ten years' grain and thousands of bowmen—Shengcheng was not in the same league. Shengcheng held for weeks and cost many lives; had my father stubbornly defended one city, it would not have fallen overnight." The emperor said, "Once Licheng fell, Liangzou was already in our grasp—why need more force?" He replied, "If so, Baiyao should have crushed the city at once—why swear by Chihu above and parade promises of mercy below?" The emperor said, "Your father's service was slight to begin with; with your gifts and station, why such earnest pleading?" He answered, "I am dull and unaccomplished in civil and military matters, cut off from the court's light—yet under your sage reign even death becomes life. Yet I see that Xu and Yan were vital to the rebel frontier; once they fell, every garrison should have followed. Yet Zhang Zhen, Inspector of Eastern Xu, held Tuancheng with only two commanderies. After Xu and Yan submitted he still barred his gates until given a regional post, only then yielding. Father and son were both enfeoffed as marquises. Judged by merit and effort, they were not ahead of my father." The emperor said, "You cite Zhang Zhen—but his case differs." He replied, "I do not know the particulars of that difference." The emperor said, "Zhang Zhen came offering allegiance from the start and never broke faith. Your father neither sensed the moment nor yielded promptly—how can the cases be the same?" He answered, "The Zhens first earned a name for submission, then committed the fault of holding out—using merit to offset fault was already lenient. I also saw Cui Sengyou's mother and brother with their uncle Dao Gu in Licheng. Hearing of the imperial army's approach, Sengyou feared for his kin and led his township to rescue them. He reached Yuzhou too late; Licheng had fallen, and he submitted empty-handed to save his family. The court praised his submission and rewarded him with third rank. How could my father's loyalty rank below Sengyou's?" The emperor said, "Sengyou lived in Donghai and could come or go freely—arrive and receive office, leave and belong elsewhere; that is why he was rewarded. Your father was trapped in a lone city already within our grasp; that is why he was not rewarded." He answered, "My father held the city and submitted to the state—that was public duty; Sengyou came by private calculation. Private motives win reward while public duty goes unpaid—I do not see how that is just." The emperor smiled and said no more.
27
比部尚書陸叡叱文曄曰：「假令先朝謬賞僧祐，豈可謬相賞也！」 文曄曰：「先帝中代聖主，與日月等曜，比隆堯舜，宰相則十亂五臣，今言謬賞，豈不仰誣先朝乎？」 尚書高閭曰：「卿謂母弟與妻子何者為重？」 文曄曰：「母弟為重。」 閭曰：「卿知母弟為重，朝廷賞僧祐是也。 卿父為妻子而來，事何相反？」 對曰：「僧祐若無母弟，來歸以不？」 閭曰：「不來。」 文曄曰：「若僧祐赴母弟之難，此是其私。 而亡父本為大丈夫，立身處世，豈可顧妻子而虧高節也！ 昔樂羊食子，有顧以不？ 亡父本心，實不垂顧，所以歸化者，自知商周不敵，天命有所歸。」 高祖謂文曄曰：「卿之所訴，[4]頗亦有途。 賞從重，罰從輕，尋敕酬敍。」 文曄泣曰：「臣愚頓理極，再見無期，陛下既垂慈澤，願敕有司，特賜矜理。」 高祖曰：「王者無戲，何待懃懃。」 既而賜文曄爵都昌子，深見待遇。 拜協律中郎，[5]改授羽林監。 世宗世，除高陽太守。 延昌中卒。 贈平遠將軍、光州刺史，諡曰貞。
Minister of Justice Lu Rui rebuked Wenye, "If the former court erred in rewarding Sengyou, must we err again in rewarding you?" Wenye said, "The late emperor was a sage comparable to Yao and Shun; to call his rewards mistaken is to slander him." Minister Gao Lu asked, "Which weighs heavier for you—mother and brother, or wife and children?" Wenye said, "Mother and brother weigh heavier." Gao Lu said, "You admit mother and brother matter more; the court was right to reward Sengyou. Your father came for his wife and children—the cases are opposite, are they not?" He asked, "If Sengyou had no mother and brother, would he still have come?" Gao Lu said, "He would not." Wenye said, "If Sengyou came for his family's distress, that was private feeling. My father was a man of standing—how could he trade honor for his family! When Yue Yi ate his son, did he look back? My father's true heart did not waver; he submitted knowing he could not resist and that Heaven had chosen." The emperor told Wenye, "Your plea [4] has some merit. Rewards should be generous and punishments light; I shall order due compensation." Wenye wept, "I am at my wit's end; I may never see you again—yet if Your Majesty shows mercy, I beg the officials to judge me with compassion." The emperor said, "A ruler does not jest—why plead so urgently?" He soon enfeoffed Wenye as Viscount of Duchang and treated him with marked favor. He was appointed Harmonizer-in-Chief, [5] then made Supervisor of the Feathered Forest. Under Emperor Shizong he served as Administrator of Gaoyang. He died during the Yanchang reign. He was posthumously appointed General Who Pacifies the Distance and Inspector of Guang, with the posthumous name Zhen.
28
子元，襲。 拜員外郎、襄威將軍、青州別駕。 卒。
His son Yuan succeeded. He served as Outer Palace Gentleman, General of Majestic Might, and Vice-Prefect of Qingzhou. He died.
29
文顥，性仁孝篤厚。 徐州安豐王府騎兵參軍。
Wenhao was humane, filial, and deeply sincere by nature. He was Cavalry Commandant in the household of the Prince of Anfeng of Xuzhou.
30
季友，南青州左軍府錄事參軍。
Jiyou served as recorder in the Left Army staff of Southern Qingzhou.
31
聞慰，博識有才思。 至延興中，南叛。
Wen Wei was learned and resourceful. By the Yanxing era he had defected south.
32
休賓叔父旋之，其妻許氏，二子法鳳、法武。 [6]而旋之早亡。 東陽平，許氏攜二子入國，孤貧不自立，並疏薄不倫，為時人所棄。 母子皆出家為尼，[7]既而反俗。 太和中，高祖選盡物望，河南人士，才學之徒，咸見申擢。 法鳳兄弟無可收用，不蒙選授。 後俱奔南。 法武後改名孝標云。
Xiubin's uncle by marriage Xuanzhi left Lady Xu and sons Fafeng and Fawu. [6] Xuanzhi had died young. When Dongyang fell, Lady Xu brought the sons north; destitute and dissolute, they were scorned by respectable society. Mother and sons took monastic vows; [7] later they returned to lay life. During Taihe the emperor promoted men of the highest reputation, and talented scholars from Henan were elevated. The Fafeng brothers were deemed unfit and received no appointment. Later both fled south. Fawu later took the name Xiaobiao.
33
房法壽，小名烏頭，清河繹幕人也。 幼孤，少好射獵，輕率勇果，結群小而為劫盜。 從叔元慶、範鎮等坐法壽被州郡切責，時月相繼，宗族甚患之。 弱冠，州迎主簿。 後以母老，不復應州郡之命。 常盜殺猪牛，以共其母。 招集壯士，常有百數。
Fang Fashou, childhood name Wutou, came from Yimo in Qinghe Commandery. Orphaned young, he loved hunting and was reckless and bold, leading a band of robbers. His cousins Yuanqing and Fanzhen suffered repeated prosecution because of him, to the clan's great distress. At twenty he was invited to serve as the province's chief clerk. When his mother grew old he refused further provincial appointments. He often stole livestock to feed his mother. He gathered fighting men and usually commanded several hundred.
34
母亡歲餘，遇沈文秀、崔道固起兵應劉子勛。 明僧暠、劉乘民起兵應劉彧，攻討文秀。 法壽亦與清河太守王玄邈起兵西屯，合討道固。 玄邈以法壽為司馬，累破道固軍，甚為歷城所憚。 加法壽綏邊將軍、魏郡太守。 子勛死，道固、文秀悉復歸彧，乃罷兵。 道固慮其扇亂百姓，遂切遣之。 而法壽外託裝辦而內不欲行。
A year after his mother's death, Shen Wenxiu and Cui Daogu rose for Liu Zixun. Ming Sengao and Liu Chenmin rose for Liu Yu and attacked Wenxiu. Fashou joined Qinghe Administrator Wang Xuanmiao in a western camp to attack Daogu. Xuanmiao made him chief of staff; he repeatedly defeated Daogu and was greatly feared at Licheng. He was made General Who Pacifies the Frontier and Administrator of Wei Commandery. When Zixun died, Daogu and Wenxiu submitted to Yu and the armies dispersed. Daogu feared he would stir the populace and ordered him away at once. Fashou pretended to pack for departure but inwardly refused to leave.
35
會從弟崇吉在升城，為慕容白曜所破，母妻沒於白曜軍。 崇吉奔還舊宅。 法壽與崇吉年志粗相諧協，而親則從祖兄弟也。 崇吉以母妻見獲，託法壽為計。 法壽既不欲南行，恨道固逼切，又矜崇吉情理。 時道固以兼治中房靈賓督清河、廣川郡事，戍盤陽。 法壽遂與崇吉潛謀襲靈賓，克之。 仍歸款於白曜以贖母妻。 白曜遣將軍長孫觀等自大山南入馬耳關以赴盤陽，還崇吉母妻。 初，道固遣軍圍盤陽，法壽等拒守二十餘日。 觀軍至，賊乃散走。 觀軍入城，詔以法壽為平遠將軍，與韓騏驎對為冀州刺史，督上租糧。 以法壽從父弟靈民為清河太守，思順為濟南太守，靈悅為平原太守，伯憐為廣川太守，叔玉為高陽太守，叔玉兄伯玉為河間太守，伯玉從父弟思安為樂陵太守，思安弟幼安為高密太守，以安初附。
His cousin Chongji was in Shengcheng when Baiyao took it; Fashou's mother and wife fell captive. Chongji fled home. Fashou and Chongji were close in age and temperament and were first cousins. Chongji, with his family captive, asked Fashou for a plan. Fashou, unwilling to go south, resented Daogu's pressure and pitied Chongji. Daogu had Fang Lingbin of the Secretariat hold Qinghe and Guangchuan and garrison Panyang. Fashou and Chongji secretly attacked Lingbin and seized Panyang. He then submitted to Baiyao to ransom his family. Baiyao sent Zhangsun Guan through Ma'er Pass to Panyang and restored Chongji's family. Daogu had besieged Panyang for over twenty days. When Guan's troops arrived the enemy scattered. Guan entered the city and Fashou was appointed General Who Pacifies the Distance, paired with Han Qilin as Inspector of Ji to collect grain taxes. A host of Fang cousins received prefectural posts across the region for their early submission.
36
及歷城、梁鄒降，法壽、崇吉等與崔道固、劉休賓俱至京師。 以法壽為上客，崇吉為次客，崔劉為下客。 法壽供給，亞於安都等。 以功賜爵壯武侯，加平遠將軍，[8]給以田宅、奴婢。 性好酒，愛施，親舊賓客率同飢飽，坎壈常不豐足。 畢眾敬等皆尚其通愛。 太和中卒。 贈平東將軍、青州刺史，諡敬侯。
When Licheng and Liangzou fell, Fashou, Chongji, Daogu, and Xiubin all came to the capital. Fashou was received as chief guest, Chongji as second guest, Cui and Liu as lower guests. His stipend ranked just below men like Bi Zongjing. For merit he was enfeoffed Marquis of Zhuangwu, given further rank, [8] and granted estates, slaves, and servants. He loved wine and generosity; kin and guests shared feast or famine alike, and he was often short of means. Bi Zongjing and others admired his open-handed warmth. He died during Taihe. He was posthumously made General Who Pacifies the East and Inspector of Qing, with the posthumous name Marquis Jing.
37
子伯祖，襲，例降為伯。 歷齊郡內史。 伯祖闇弱，委事於功曹張僧皓，僧皓大有受納，伯祖衣食不充。 後廣陵王羽為青州，伯祖為從事中郎、平原相。 轉幽州輔國長史，坐公事免官。 卒。
His son Bozu succeeded; by precedent the rank was reduced to earl. He served as inner administrator of Qi Commandery. Bozu was weak and left affairs to Zhang Senghao, who took heavy bribes while Bozu went wanting. Later, when Prince Yu of Guangling governed Qingzhou, Bozu served on his staff and as Administrator of Pingyuan. He became chief clerk in the Youzhou rear army staff, then was dismissed for an official offense. He died.
38
子翼，襲。 宣威將軍、大城戍主。 永安中，青州太傅開府從事中郎。
His son Yi succeeded. He was General of Manifest Might and commander of the Dacheng garrison. During Yong'an he served on the Grand Tutor's Qingzhou staff.
39
伯祖弟叔祖，別以功賜爵魏昌子。 歷廣陵王國郎中令、長廣東萊二郡太守、龍驤將軍、中散大夫。 永安中，安東將軍、郢州刺史。
Bozu's younger brother Shuzu was separately enfeoffed Viscount of Weichang for merit. He was director of the masters of writing for Prince of Guangling, administered Changguang and Donglai, and held general and palace posts. During Yong'an he was General Who Pacifies the East and Inspector of Ying.
40
叔祖弟幼愍，安豐、新蔡二郡太守。 坐事奪官，居家，忽聞有客聲，出無所見，還至庭中，為家群犬所噬，遂卒。
Shuzu's younger brother Youmin administered Anfeng and Xincai. Stripped of office, he was at home when he heard visitors, found no one outside, and was killed by the household dogs in the courtyard.
41
初，長孫觀之將至盤陽也，城中稍以震懼。 時劉彧給事中崔平仲欲歸江南，自歷下至圍城軍中，與十餘騎遙共法壽語，靈賓密遣人捕執之。 始法壽克盤陽之後，常禁靈賓於別齋。 既得平仲，引與同室，致酒食，敍國軍明將入意。 夜中，北城上縋出平仲、靈賓等十餘人。 厥明，官軍至城，靈賓遂歸梁鄒。
As Zhangsun Guan approached Panyang the garrison grew fearful. Liu Yu's attendant Cui Pingzhong tried to flee south and spoke with Fashou outside the walls; Lingbin had him seized. After taking Panyang Fashou kept Lingbin under house arrest. Once Pingzhong was captured, Fashou feasted him and explained the imperial army's imminent entry. That night they lowered Pingzhong, Lingbin, and a dozen others over the north wall. At dawn the imperial troops arrived and Lingbin fled to Liangzou.
42
靈賓，文藻不如兄靈建，而辯悟過之。 靈建在南，官至州治中、勃海太守，以才名見稱。 兄弟俱入國，為平齊民。 雖流漂屯圮，操尚卓然。 並卒於平齊。
Lingbin was less literary than his brother Lingjian but quicker in debate. Lingjian in the south rose to provincial chief clerk and Administrator of Bohai, famed for talent. Both brothers came north and became Pingqi subjects. Though displaced and ruined, they kept their integrity. Both died in Pingqi.
43
靈建子宣明，亦文學著稱，雅有父風。 高祖擢為中書博士。 遷洛，轉議郎，試守東清河郡。 正始中，京兆王愉出除征東、冀州，以宣明為記室參軍。 愉反，逼宣明為太守。 [9]
Lingjian's son Xuanming was also literary and resembled his father. Emperor Gaozu made him an erudite of the Secretariat. After the move to Luoyang he became a reviewer and acting Administrator of Eastern Qinghe. In Zhengshi, Prince Yu of Jingzhao went east as commander of Ji and made Xuanming his recorder. When Yu rebelled he forced Xuanming to serve as administrator. [9] Text is missing here; after Yuan Yu forced Xuanming to serve as administrator, the account breaks off in the received text.
44
靈賓從父弟堅，字千秋，少有才名。 亦內徙為平齊民。 太和初，高祖擢為祕書郎，遷司空諮議、齊州大中正。 高祖臨朝，令諸州中正各舉所知，千秋與幽州中正陽尼各舉其子。 高祖曰：「昔有一祁，名垂往史，今有二奚，當聞來牒。」 出為濮陽太守。 世宗時，復為司空諮議，加立忠將軍。 卒，贈南青州刺史，諡曰懿。
Lingbin's cousin Jian, courtesy name Qianqiu, was talented and famed from youth. He too was resettled as a Pingqi subject. Early in Taihe he was made secretary gentleman, then consultant to the Minister of Works and chief rectifier of Qi Province. At court the emperor ordered chief rectifiers to recommend talent; Qianqiu and Youzhou's Yang Ni each nominated their sons. The emperor said, "Once one Qi made history; now two Xis should do the same." He was posted Administrator of Puyang. Under Emperor Shizong he again consulted for the Minister of Works and was made General Who Establishes Loyalty. He died and was posthumously made Inspector of Southern Qing with the posthumous name Yi.
45
長子祖淵，羽林監。 從章武王融討葛榮，沒於陳。 贈安東將軍、濟州刺史。
His eldest son Zuyuan was Supervisor of the Feathered Forest. Following Prince Rong of Zhangwu against Ge Rong he fell in battle. He was posthumously made General Who Pacifies the East and Inspector of Ji.
46
祖淵弟祖皓，長水校尉。 後討蕭衍將於九山，戰歿。 贈撫軍將軍、兗州刺史。
Zuyuan's younger brother Zuhao was Colonel Director of the Long River. Later, fighting a Liang general at Jiushan, he died in battle. He was posthumously made General Who Pacifies the Army and Inspector of Yan.
47
崔平仲自東陽南奔，妻子於歷城入國。 太和中，高祖聽其還南。
Cui Pingzhong fled south from Dongyang while his family entered the north from Licheng. During Taihe the emperor allowed his return south.
48
思安，有勇力； 伯玉，果敢有將略。 思安賜爵西安子、建威將軍、北平太守，遷大司馬司馬、齊州武昌王府司馬。 高祖南伐，徵為步兵校尉、直閤將軍、中統軍。 善撫士眾，高祖嘉之。 漢陽既平，復為武昌王司馬，帶東魏郡太守，加寧朔將軍，改爵清河子，卒官。 子敬寶襲爵。
Si'an was strong and brave; Boyu was bold and strategically gifted. Si'an was enfeoffed Viscount of Xi'an, made General Who Establishes Might and Administrator of Beiping, then served on the Grand Marshal's and Prince of Qi's staffs in Qi. On the southern campaign he was summoned as colonel of footsoldiers, direct attendant general, and central army commander. He was skilled at rallying troops and won the emperor's praise. After Hanyang fell he again served Prince Wuchang, governed Eastern Wei, was made General Who Pacifies the North, enfeoffed Viscount of Qinghe, and died in office. His son Jingbao succeeded.
49
敬寶，亦壯健。 奉朝請、征北中兵參軍、北征統軍、寧遠將軍，每有戰功。 早卒。 子去病襲。
Jingbao was also robust. He served at court and on northern campaigns as staff officer and commander, winning merit in every fight. He died young. His son Qubing succeeded.
50
伯玉，坐弟叔玉南奔，徙於北邊。 後亦南叛，為蕭鸞南陽太守。 高祖南伐，克宛外城，命舍人公孫延景宣詔於伯玉曰：「天無二日，土無兩王，是以躬總六師，蕩一四海。 宛城小戍，豈足以禦抗王威？ 深可三思，封侯胙土，事在俯仰。」 伯玉對曰：「外臣荷國厚恩，奉任疆境，為臣之道，未敢聽命。 伏惟遊鑾遠涉，願不損神。」 高祖又遣謂曰：「朕親率麾斾，遠清江沔，此之小戍，豈足徘徊王師。 但戎輅所經，纖介須殄，宜量力三思，自求多褔。 且卿早蒙蕭賾殊常之眷，曾不懷恩，報以塵露。 蕭鸞妄言入繼道成，賾子無孑遺。 卿不能建忠於前君，方立節於逆豎，卿之罪一。 又頃年傷我偏師，卿之罪二。 今鑾斾親戎，清一南服，不先面縛，待罪麾下，卿之罪三。 卿之此戍，多則一年，中則百日，少則三旬，克殄豈遠。 宜善思之，後悔無及。」 伯玉對曰：「昔蒙武帝愷悌之恩，忝侍左右，此之厚遇，無忘夙夜。 但繼主失德，民望有歸。 主上龍飛踐極，光紹大宗，非直副億兆之深望，實兼武皇之遺敕。 是以懃懃懇懇，不敢失墜。 往者，北師深入，寇擾邊民，輒厲將士，以救蒼生。 此乃邊戍常事，陛下不得垂責。」
Boyu was banished north because his brother Shuyu defected south. He later defected south and became Xiao Luan's Administrator of Nanyang. When the emperor took Wan's outer walls, he had Gongsun Yanjing proclaim to Boyu, "Heaven admits no second sun— I lead the six armies to pacify the realm. How can this little fortress resist imperial might? Think carefully—titles and fiefs hang on your next move." Boyu replied, "I owe the state deep grace and hold the frontier; as a minister I dare not obey. I pray Your Majesty's distant march will not tax your health." The emperor wrote again, "I have come far to clear the Yangzi and Han— this petty post is not worth detaining the imperial army. Wherever my army passes, resistance will be crushed— measure your strength and choose wisely. You enjoyed Xiao Ze's special favor yet repaid it with nothing. Xiao Luan usurped the throne while Ze's line was extinguished. You failed your former lord yet serve a usurper— that is your first crime. You have harmed our armies— your second crime. If you do not bind yourself and submit before my banners— that is your third crime. This fortress will fall within a year, a hundred days, or thirty— choose before it is too late. Think well— regret will come too late." Boyu answered, "I received Emperor Wu's kindness at court and have not forgotten it night or day. The successor lost virtue and the people's hope turned elsewhere. Our present lord ascended legitimately, fulfilling both the people's hope and the late emperor's will. Therefore I serve earnestly and dare not falter. When northern armies raided the frontier I rallied troops to protect the people. That was a garrison's ordinary duty— Your Majesty should not blame me for it."
51
及克宛，伯玉面縛而降。 高祖引見伯玉并其參佐二百人，詔伯玉曰：「朕承天馭宇，方欲清一寰域，卿蕞爾小戍，敢拒六師，卿之愆罪，理在不赦。」 伯玉對曰：「臣既小人，備荷驅使，緣百口在南，致拒皇略，罪合萬死。」 高祖曰：「凡立忠抱節，皆應有所至。 若奉逆君，守迷節，古人所不為。 卿何得事逆賊蕭鸞，自貽伊譴！」 伯玉對曰：「臣愚癡晚悟，罪合萬斬，今遭陛下，願乞生命。」 高祖曰：「凡人惟有兩途：知機獲褔，背機受禍。 勞我王師，彌歷歲月，如此為降，何人有罪！ 且朕前遣舍人公孫延景城西共卿語云：『天無二日，土無二王。』 卿答云：『在此不在彼。』 天道攸遠，變化無方，卿寧知今日在此不在彼乎？」 伯玉乞命而已，更無所言。 高祖以思安頻為伯玉泣請，故特宥之。
When Wan fell Boyu came out bound in surrender. The emperor received Boyu and two hundred staff and said, "I rule under Heaven and mean to pacify all lands; you dared resist the six armies— by rights you should not be pardoned." Boyu said, "I am a petty man under orders; because my family remained in the south I resisted— deserving death ten thousand times." The emperor said, "Loyalty must have its proper object. Serving a usurper while claiming integrity— the ancients did not do that. How could you serve Xiao Luan and bring this on yourself?" Boyu said, "I was slow to understand and deserve death; now I beg Your Majesty for my life." The emperor said, "Every man has two paths— seize the moment and live, or resist and perish. You exhausted our armies for years— who would call such a surrender innocent? I sent Gongsun Yanjing to tell you, 'Heaven has no second sun.'" You answered, 'The throne is here, not there.'" Heaven's way is vast and changeable— do you know whether today it is here or there?" Boyu could only beg for life and said no more. Because Si'an pleaded for him repeatedly, the emperor specially pardoned Boyu.
52
伯玉在南之日，放妾楊氏為尼。 入國，遂令還俗，復愛幸焉。 為有司所奏，高祖聽之。 [10]世宗即位，拜長史，兼游擊將軍，出為馮翊相，卒官。
In the south Boyu had sent his concubine Lady Yang to become a nun. In the north he had her return to lay life and favored her again. The authorities reported this and Emperor Gaozu allowed it. [10] Under Emperor Shizong he became chief clerk and General of Mobile Strikes, served as Administrator of Fengyi, and died in office.
53
崇吉，少驍勇，為沈文秀中兵參軍。 及太原戍守傅靈越率眾棄郡南赴子勛，文秀以崇吉督郡事。 既而背文秀，同於劉彧。 母叔在歷城，為崔道固所拘繫，又將致刑於市以恐之，而崇吉卒無所顧。 會道固歸彧，乃出其母。 彧以崇吉為龍驤將軍、并州刺史，領太原太守，戍升城。 崇吉以其從兄靈獻為長史，姨兄賈延年為司馬。
Chongji was bold from youth and served Shen Wenxiu as a staff officer. When Taiyuan's Fu Lingyue abandoned his post for Zixun, Wenxiu put Chongji in charge of the commandery. He later turned against Wenxiu and joined Liu Yu. His mother and uncle were held in Licheng; Daogu threatened to execute them publicly, yet Chongji showed no wavering. When Daogu submitted to Yu he released Chongji's mother. Yu made Chongji General of the Dragon Cavalry and Inspector of Bing, holding Taiyuan and garrisoning Shengcheng. Chongji made his cousin Lingxian chief clerk and his cousin Jia Yannian chief of staff.
54
未幾而白曜軍至。 白曜遣人招之，崇吉不降，遂閉門固守。 升城至小，人力不多，勝仗者不過七百人，而白曜侮之，乃遣眾陵城。 崇吉設土蕇方梁，下相舂擊，不時克殄。 白曜遂築長城，圍三重，更造攻具，日夜攻擊。 自二月至四月，糧矢俱盡，崇吉突圍出走，遁藏民舍，母妻見獲。 道固遣治中房靈賓慰引之，崇吉不肯見道固，遂東歸舊村，陰募壯士，欲以偷母，還奔河南。 白曜慮其如此，守備嚴固。 後與法壽取盤陽，俱降。
Soon Baiyao's army arrived. Baiyao summoned him, but Chongji refused to yield and shut the gates. Shengcheng was tiny, with fewer than seven hundred armed men; Baiyao underestimated it and assaulted the walls. Chongji raised earthworks and beams, beating back assaults, and the city held. Baiyao built triple circumvallations and new siege engines, attacking day and night. From February to April supplies ran out; Chongji broke out, hid among the people, and his wife and mother were taken. Daogu sent Fang Lingbin to negotiate; Chongji refused, returned to his village, secretly raised men to rescue his mother, and planned to flee south. Baiyao anticipated this and tightened the guard. Later he joined Fashou in taking Panyang and both submitted.
55
及立平齊郡，以歷城民為歸安縣，崇吉為縣令。 頗懷昔憾，與道固接事，意甚不平。 後委縣出臺，訟道固罪狀數條。 會赦不問。 崇吉乞解縣，許之。 停京師半歲，乃南奔。 崇吉夫婦異路，剃髮為沙門，改名僧達，投其族叔法延。 住歲餘，清河張略之亦豪俠士也，崇吉遺其金帛，得以自遣。 妻從幽州南出，亦得相會。 崇吉至江東，尋病死。
When Pingqi was organized, Licheng became Gui'an County with Chongji as magistrate. He nursed old grievances and was bitter when dealing with Daogu. He later left his post and sued Daogu on several charges at court. An amnesty intervened and the case was dropped. Chongji asked to resign the magistracy and was allowed. After half a year in the capital he fled south. Husband and wife traveled separately, shaved their heads as monks, Chongji taking the name Sengda, and sought refuge with his kinsman Fayan. After a year the Qinghe knight Zhang Lüezhi, aided by Chongji's gifts, helped him escape. His wife came south from Youzhou and they reunited. Chongji reached the south and soon died.
56
崇吉從父弟三益，字敬安，於南陽內附。 高祖與語，善之，曰：「三益了了，殊不惡。」 拜員外散騎侍郎。 尋出為太山太守，轉兗州左軍府司馬，所在以清和著稱。 還，除左將軍。 正光中卒，年六十三。 九子。
Chongji's cousin Sanyi, courtesy name Jing'an, submitted from Nanyang. The emperor met him, was pleased, and said, "Sanyi is sharp—quite promising." He was made Outer Palace Cavalier Attendant. He served as Administrator of Taishan and then on Yanzhou's left army staff, earning repute for fair and humane rule. On returning to court he was made General of the Left. He died during Zhengguang at sixty-three. He had nine sons.
57
長子士隆，興和中，東清河太守，帶盤陽鎮將。
The eldest, Shilong, during Xinghe governed Eastern Qinghe and commanded the Panyang garrison.
58
士隆弟士達，少有才氣。 其族兄景先，有鑒識，每曰：「此兒俶儻，終當大其門戶。」 起家濟州左將軍府倉曹參軍。 時京兆王繼為大將軍，出鎮關右，聞其名，徵補騎兵參軍，領帳內統軍。
Shilong's brother Shida was talented and spirited from youth. His kinsman Jingxian often said, "This lad is daring and will glorify the clan." He began as granary officer on Ji Province's left army staff. Prince Ji of Jingzhao, campaigning west, heard of him and made him cavalry commandant of his personal guard.
59
孝昌中，其鄉人劉蒼生、劉鈞、房須等作亂，攻陷郡縣，頻敗州軍。 時士達父憂在家，刺史元欣欲逼其為將，士達以禮固辭。 欣乃命其友人馮元興謂之曰：「今合境從逆，賊徒轉熾，若萬一陷州，君家豈得獨全？ 既急病如此，安得顧名教也。」 士達不得已而起，率州郭之人二千餘人，東西討擊，悉破平之。 武泰初，就家拜平原太守，抑挫豪強，境內肅然。 時邢杲寇亂，憚其威名，越郡城西度，不敢攻逼。
During Xiaochang, local leaders Liu Cangsheng, Liu Jun, and Fang Xu rebelled, seized districts, and repeatedly beat provincial troops. Shida was mourning his father when Inspector Yuan Xin tried to force him into command; he refused on ritual grounds. Xin had Feng Yuanxing urge him, "The whole region rebels—if the province falls, can your family survive alone? In such a crisis, how can you cling to propriety?" Shida reluctantly rallied over two thousand men, crushed the rebels in every direction, and restored order. Early in Wutai he became Administrator of Pingyuan, curbed the powerful, and restored order. The rebel Xing Gao feared his reputation and marched west of the commandery without attacking.
60
永安末，轉濟南太守。 士達不入京師，而頻為本州郡，時人榮之。
Late in Yong'an he was transferred to Jinan. Shida never went to the capital but repeatedly served his home region—a point of honor.
61
永安末，尒朱兆入洛，刺史蕭贊為城民趙洛周所逐，城內無主。 洛周等以士達鄉情所歸，乃就郡請之，命攝州事。 永熙二年卒，年三十八，時人傷惜之。 贈平東將軍、齊州刺史，諡曰武。
Late in Yong'an Erzhu Zhao seized Luoyang; Inspector Xiao Zan was expelled and the city was leaderless. Luozhou and others, trusting local loyalty to Shida, asked him to govern the province. He died in the second year of Yongxi at thirty-eight, to general regret. He was posthumously made General Who Pacifies the East and Inspector of Qi with the posthumous name Wu.
62
士達弟士素，武定末，太尉諮議參軍。
Shida's brother Shisu ended as consultant in the Grand Marshal's office under Wuding.
63
士素弟士章，尚書郎。
Shisu's brother Shizhang was a gentleman of the Masters of Writing.
64
法壽族子景伯，字長暉。 高祖諶，避地渡河，居於齊州之東清河繹幕焉。 祖元慶，仕劉駿，歷七郡太守，後為沈文秀青州建威府司馬。 劉彧之殺子業自立也，子業弟子勛起兵攻之，文秀遣其將劉珍之率兵助彧。 後背彧歸于子勛，元慶不同，為文秀所害。 父愛親，率勒鄉部攻文秀。 劉彧嘉之，起家授龍驤將軍。 尋會文秀降彧，乃止。 顯祖時，三齊平，隨例內徙，為平齊民。 以父非命，疏服終身。
Fashou's kinsman Jingbo, courtesy name Changhui. The clan ancestor Chen fled across the river and settled at Yimo in Eastern Qinghe. Grandfather Yuanqing served Liu Jun as administrator of seven commanderies and later on Shen Wenxiu's Qingzhou staff. When Liu Yu killed Ziye and seized power, Zixun rebelled; Wenxiu sent Liu Zhenzhi to aid Yu. Wenxiu later defected to Zixun; Yuanqing refused and was killed. His father Aiqin led the township against Wenxiu. Liu Yu praised him and first made him General of the Dragon Cavalry. When Wenxiu submitted to Yu, he stood down. When the three Qi fell under Emperor Xianzu, the family was resettled as Pingqi subjects. After his father's violent death he wore mourning garb for life.
65
景伯生於桑乾，少喪父，以孝聞。 家貧，傭書自給，養母甚謹。 尚書盧淵稱之於李沖，沖時典選，拔為奉朝請、司空祭酒、給事中、尚書儀曹郎。 除齊州輔國長史，值刺史死，敕行州事。 政存寬簡，百姓安之。 後值清河太守杜昶外叛，郡居山險，盜賊羣起，除清河太守。 郡民劉簡虎曾失禮於景伯，聞其臨郡，闔家逃亡。 景伯督切屬縣捕擒之，即署其子為西曹掾，命喻山賊。 賊以景伯不念舊惡，一時俱下，論者稱之。 舊守令六年為限，限滿將代，郡民韓靈和等三百餘人表訴乞留，復加二載。 後遷太尉中郎、司徒諮議參軍、輔國將軍、司空長史。 以母疾去官。
Jingbo was born at Sanggan, lost his father young, and was famed for filial piety. Poor, he copied books for a living and cared for his mother devotedly. Lu Yuan recommended him to Li Chong, who appointed him court gentleman, libationer, attendant, and ritual officer. He became chief clerk in Qi; when the inspector died he was ordered to govern the province. His rule was lenient and the people were at peace. When Qinghe's Du Chang rebelled and bandits swarmed the hills, he was made administrator. Liu Jianhu, who had once insulted him, fled with his whole family when Jingbo arrived. Jingbo had him captured, appointed his son clerk, and sent him to persuade the mountain bandits. The bandits, seeing he bore no grudge, surrendered en masse—to general praise. When his six-year term ended, three hundred locals petitioned to keep him, and he served two more years. He later served in the Grand Marshal's and Secretariat offices and as the Minister of Works' chief clerk. He resigned when his mother fell ill.
66
景伯性淳和，涉獵經史，諸弟宗之，如事嚴親。 及弟妓亡，[11]蔬食終喪，期不內御，憂毀之容，有如居重。 其次弟景先亡，其幼弟景遠期年哭臨，亦不內寢。 鄉里為之語曰：「有義有禮，房家兄弟。」 廷尉卿崔光韶好標牓人物，[12]無所推尚，每云景伯有士大夫之行業。 及母亡，景伯居喪，不食鹽菜，因此遂為水病，積年不愈。 孝昌三年卒于家，時年五十。 贈左將軍、齊州刺史。
Jingbo was gentle, widely read, and his brothers revered him like a father. When a younger brother's concubine died, [11] he ate plain food through mourning, abstained from the inner chambers for a year, and grieved as for a parent. When Jingxian died, the youngest brother Jingyuan mourned a full year without entering the inner quarters. Locals said, "Righteous and ritual-minded—the Fang brothers." Minister of Justice Cui Guangshao, [12] who rarely praised anyone, said Jingbo had a true gentleman's conduct. Mourning his mother, he ate no salt or vegetables, fell ill with edema, and never fully recovered. He died at home in the third year of Xiaochang at fifty. He was posthumously made General of the Left and Inspector of Qi.
67
子文烈，武定中，尚書三公郎中。
His son Wenlie under Wuding served in the Three Dukes Bureau.
68
景先，字光冑。 幼孤貧，無資從師，其母自授毛詩、曲禮。 年十二，請其母曰：「豈可使兄傭賃以供景先也？ 請自求衣，然後就學。」 母哀其小，不許。 苦請，從之，遂得一羊裘，忻然自足。 晝則樵蘇，夜誦經史，自是精勤，遂大通贍。 太和中，例得還鄉，郡辟功曹。 州舉秀才，值州將卒，不得對策。 解褐太學博士。 時太常劉芳、侍中崔光當世儒宗，歎其精博，光遂奏兼著作佐郎，修國史。 尋除司徒祭酒、員外郎。 侍中穆紹又啟景先撰世宗起居注。 累遷步兵校尉，領尚書郎，齊州中正，所歷皆有當官之稱。
Jingxian, whose courtesy name was Guangzhou. Orphaned and poor, he could not afford a teacher; his mother taught him the Mao Odes and the Record of Rites. At twelve he told his mother, "I cannot let my brother hire himself out to pay for my schooling. Let me earn my own clothes, then study." His mother, pitying his youth, refused. He pleaded until she agreed; he got a sheepskin coat and was content. By day he gathered fuel; by night he read the classics until he mastered them. During Taihe he returned home and was recruited as merit officer. The province nominated him presented scholar, but the commander died before he could sit the examination. He entered service as erudite of the Imperial University. Liu Fang and Cui Guang, leading scholars of the age, admired his learning; Guang had him appointed editorial assistant on the national history. He soon became libationer of the Secretariat and outer palace gentleman. Attendant Mu Shao also had him compile Emperor Shizong's court diary. He rose through military and secretariat posts and as chief rectifier of Qi, excelling in every office.
69
景先沉敏方正，事兄恭謹，出告反面，晨昏參省，側立移時，兄亦危坐，相敬如對賓客。 兄曾寢疾，景先侍湯藥，衣冠不解，形容毀瘁。 親友見者莫不哀之。
Deep, sharp, and upright, he served his brother with ritual punctilio—they treated each other like honored guests. When his brother fell ill he nursed him without undressing, haggard with care. Kin and friends were moved to grief.
70
神龜元年，蕭衍龍驤將軍田申能據東義陽城內屬，敕景先為行臺，發二荊兵以援之，在軍遇疾而還。 其年卒於家，時年四十三。 贈持節、冠軍將軍、洛州刺史，諡曰文景。 先作五經疑問百餘篇，其言該典，今行於時，文多，略舉其切於世教者：
In Shengui, when a Liang general held Dongyiyang and submitted, Jingxian was sent with Jing troops to aid; he fell ill and returned. That year he died at home at forty-three. He was posthumously given the staff, made General of the Champions and Inspector of Luo, with the posthumous name Wenjing. He had earlier written more than a hundred chapters of Doubts on the Five Classics; though the full text is extensive, what follows samples passages relevant to moral teaching:
71
問王者受命，木火相生曰：五精代感，禀靈者興。 金德方隆，禎發華渚； 水運告昌，瑤光啟祚。 人道承天，天理應實，受謝既彰，玄命若契。 相生之義，有允不違。 至如湯武革命，殺伐是用，水火為次，遵而不改。 既事乖代終，而數同納麓。 逆順且殊，禎運宜異，而兆徵不差，有疑符應。
Question on the king's receiving the mandate and the mutual generation of wood and fire: The five agents succeed one another in turn, and those who receive the numinous ascend. When the metal phase rose in glory, auspicious signs appeared at Hua Zhu; when the water phase proclaimed prosperity, Yaoguang inaugurated the reign. Human order follows heaven; heaven's principle answers to reality; the transfer of mandate is manifest, the hidden decree like a bond. Mutual generation is consistent and not contradictory. Yet when Tang and Wu revolutionized, they used force; water followed fire in the sequence without alteration. Though their acts ended a dynasty, their numbers still matched receiving the mandate. Rebellion and submission differ, yet omens did not diverge—is the sign-system therefore doubtful?
72
問禹以鯀配天，舜不尊父曰：明明上天，下土是冒。 道高者負扆四方，神積者郊原斯主。 是以則天，不能私其子； 紹堯，不敢尊其父。 鯀既罪彰於山川，受殛於羽裔，化質與鱗甲為群。 銘精不能上乘箕尾，而厚尊配於國陽，當升煙之大禮。 苟存及躬，以亂祀典。 降上帝為罪鬼之賓，奏夾鍾為介蟲之樂，奉天之道，不乃有淪乎？
Question: Yu paired Gun with Heaven though Shun did not honor his father—'Bright is Heaven above, covering earth below.' The highest way burdens the ruler who faces four directions; accumulated spirit makes one lord of field and altar. Therefore regulating heaven cannot favor one's son privately; succeeding Yao cannot boldly exalt one's father. Gun's guilt was shown in mountains and rivers; he was executed in the wilds and became a creature among fish and reptiles. His spirit could not ascend to the stars, yet he was grandly honored at Guoyang in the great sacrifice. If one preserves personal benefit and thereby disorders the sacrificial canon— making the Lord on High guest to guilty ghosts and playing the jiazhong for creeping things—has not the way of serving heaven collapsed?
73
問湯尊稷廢柱曰：神積道存，異世同尊； 列山見享，綿紀前代。 成湯革命承天，當愆陽之運，不思理數之有時，黜元功於百世。 且畢、箕感應，風雨異徵，尊播殖之靈，而邀滂澍之潤，升廢之道，無乃謬與？ 若柱不合薦，虞夏應失之於前； 如以歲久宜遷，百神可計日而代。 求之二三，未究往旨。
Question: Tang honored Ji and demoted Zhu—'Spirit endures and the way abides; different ages honor alike;' Lie Mountain was sacrificed to through former ages. Cheng Tang received heaven's mandate yet, in a yang period of fate, demoted primal merit for a hundred generations without regard to cosmic timing. Bi and Ji answered with wind and rain in differing signs—honoring the grain spirit while begging rain— is not elevating the demoted absurd? If Zhu were unworthy of sacrifice, Yu and Xia should have erred earlier; if because time passes one should shift altars, the hundred spirits could be replaced daily. Pursuing this in several texts, the ancients' intent is still unclear.
74
問湯克桀，欲遷夏社為不可； 武王滅紂，以亳社為亡國之誡曰：神無定方，唯人為主，道協無為，天地是依，棄德弗崇，百靈更祀。 周武承天，禮存咸秩，升后稷當四圭之尊，貶土祇隔牲幣之享。 就如言之，稷禀靈威，誠允聿追之宜，社非商祖，孝孚乃考之咎，殷鑒致誡，何獨在斯？
Question: Tang overcame Jie and wished to move the Xia altar but could not; King Wu destroyed Zhou and used the Bo altar as warning of a fallen state—'Spirits have no fixed place; only man is lord; abandon virtue and the hundred spirits change their worship.' Zhou Wu received heaven, yet elevated Hou Ji to four-jade honor while demoting the earth lord to lesser offerings. If Ji truly deserved elevation, the earth lord was not Shang's ancestor—why is only Yin singled out for warning?
75
問易著革命之爻，而無揖讓之象曰：玄黃剖別，人道為尊，含靈佇化，故義始元首。 是以飛龍啟徵，大人載就。 及理運相推，帝圖異序。 虞賓以為善終順守，有慚未盡，不顯揖讓之象，而著已日之美。 豈可兆巨釁為貽厥之謀，訓萬世而開安忍之□？ 求之反衷，未識理恕。
Question: The Changes presents revolution yet no yielding—'When heaven and earth divided, the human way was honored and rule began with the sovereign.' Thus the flying dragon opens the sign and the great man is established. When dynastic fortune shifts, imperial orders differ in sequence. Shun's yielding as guest was a fine ending, yet incomplete; the Changes shows 'already day' without displaying full yielding— how can great treason bequeath a plan to posterity and teach ten thousand generations cruel forbearance [text damaged]? Judged by inner principle, this is hard to reconcile with forgiveness.
76
問周禮秋官司烜氏，邦若屋誅，為明竁焉曰：王道貴產，法理尚恩。 舊德見食，八象載其美； 五宥三刺，禮經寶其仁。 是以祿父巨釁，殷禮不輟； 三監亂德，蔡胤猶存。 罪莫極於無上，逆莫甚於違天。 行大辟禍不及族，理正刑愆止於身。 何惡當參夷之禍？ 何戾受淪殄之辜？
Question: In the Rites of Zhou the Torch Master, when the state executes house punishment, makes a bright tomb—'The kingly way values life; law honors grace.' Old merit is nourished; the eight signs bear their beauty; the five pardons and three interrogations—the classics treasure humanity. thus Lu's enfeoffed father had great fault yet Yin rites continued; the Three Overseers rebelled yet Cai Yin still survived. No crime exceeds treason against heaven. In capital punishment calamity should not reach the clan; guilt should stop with the person. What evil deserves extermination of the clan? What offense deserves total destruction?
77
問儀禮，繼母出嫁，從為之服，傳云「貴終其恩」曰：繼母配父，本非天屬，與尊合德，名義以興。 兼鞠育有加，禮服是重。 既體違義盡，棄節毀慈，作嬪異門，為鬼他族，神道不全，何終恩之有？ 方齊服是追，哭於野次，苟存降重，無乃過猶不及乎？
Question: When a stepmother remarries, the Ritual says one follows her in mourning because one 'honors the end of her kindness'—a stepmother is not kin by nature but gains standing through the father. Raising and nurturing add obligation; ritual garments are weighty. If she destroys kindness, joins another house, and becomes ghost of another clan—how can kindness be 'ended' in mourning? To wear qi mourning and weep in the wild—is that not going beyond what is due?
78
問禮記，生不及祖父母，父母稅喪，己則否曰：服以恩制，禮由義立。 慈母三年，孫無緦葛者，以戚非天屬，報養止身。 祖雖異域，恩不及己，但正體於下，可無服乎？ 且縞冠玄武，子姓之服。 縓練之後，纕絰已除，猶懷慘素，未忍從吉，況斬焉。 初之創巨方始，[13]復弔之賓，尚改緇襲，奉哀苫次，而無追變，孝子孝孫，豈天理是與？
Question: The Record of Rites says if one never knew grandparents, parents wear tax mourning but the grandchild does not—'Garments follow affection; ritual stands on righteousness.' A loving mother may be mourned three years, yet a grandson wears no hemp for grandparents he never knew—nurture, not blood, sets the limit. Though grandparents are distant and kindness did not reach you, as their direct descendant can there be no mourning? The white cap and dark robe are patrilineal mourning garb. After the bleached and dyed stages the hemp is removed, yet one still wears somber garb and cannot yet accept joy—how much more in the case of the hem. When the great wound is fresh, [13] even condolence guests change to black—can filial sons ignore the change of garments required by principle?
79
問左氏傳，齊人殺哀姜，君子以為不可曰：受醮從天，人倫所重。 保育異宗，承奉郊奠。 而乃肆極昏淫，禍傾合卺之尊； 怙亂無終，殄滅誕鞠之愛。 齊桓匡翼四方，正存刑矩。 割不忍之恩，行至公之法。 方生貶違，以殺為甚。 而神道幽默，禍降未期，雖窮勃履朝，[14]臣不宜糾，既事反人靈，咎將有所，施之取衷，孰為優允？
Question: The Zuo Commentary says the Qi killed Ai Jiang and the gentleman disapproved—'Receiving the ritual cup from heaven, human relations are weighty.' She was nurtured in another clan and undertook the suburban sacrifice. Yet she practiced extreme debauchery, overturning the honor of marriage; relying on disorder without end, destroying love for the child she bore. Duke Huan of Qi rectified the four quarters and preserved punishment as measure. Cutting off kindness he could not spare, he executed public law. At birth she was demoted for violation; execution was the extreme penalty. Yet the spirit's way is subtle and calamity comes unlooked-for; though poor Bo appears in court, [14] I should not judge—since spirits are involved, guilt has its place; which is the better balance?
80
問公羊傳，王者之後郊天曰：神不謬享，帝無妄尊。 介丘偏祀，猶不歆季氏之旅； 昊天至重，豈可納廢饗之虔？ 唐虞已往，事無斯典； 三后已降，始見其文。 揖讓之冑，禮不上通，昏瘉後燼，四圭是主。 此便至道相承，乾無二統。 純風既詖，玄牡肆尊，禮不虛革，庶昭異聞。
Question: The Gongyang says kings' descendants sacrifice to heaven—'Spirits do not accept mistaken offerings; the emperor has no empty honor.' Even partial sacrifice at Jieqiu did not accept the Ji clan's offering; how can vast heaven accept the vain sincerity of a abolished rite? Before Tang and Yu there was no such canon; after the Three Sovereigns it first appears in writing. Descendants of yielding succession do not ascend in ritual; the last embers of a fallen house should not hold the four jades. This is the utmost succession of the Way; Heaven admits no second lord. When pure custom is corrupted, the dark ox is wildly honored; ritual should not change in vain—may this clarify the issue.
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問穀梁傳，魯僖三十一年夏四月，「卜郊不從，乃免牲」，傳曰「乃者，亡乎人之辭也」曰：樂以觀風，禮為教本，其細已甚，民不堪命。 齊不加兵，屈於周典。 僖公魯之盛君，告誡虔祀，穆卜迎吉，而休徵不至。 若推咎於天，則神不棄鑒； 歸愆於人，則頌聲宜替。 既命龜失辰，靈威弗眷，郊享不從，配天斯缺。 即傳所言，殆非虛美，何承而制？
Question: Guliang on Lu Xigong's failed suburban divination—'then' means the words of a perishing man—'Music observes the wind; ritual is the root of teaching—when minutiae grow extreme, the people cannot bear the burden.' Qi did not add troops, yielding to Zhou's canon. Duke Xi was Lu's flourishing lord; he sacrificed sincerely and divined reverently, yet good omens did not come. If blame lies with heaven, spirits do not abandon the mirror; if fault lies with man, praise should cease. The tortoise was ordered at the wrong season; numinous majesty did not attend; the suburban rite failed—heaven was not matched. As the commentary says, this is hardly empty praise—on what basis should regulation stand?
82
問尚書胤征，羲和詰其罪，乃季秋月，朔辰弗合於房曰：衡紀不移，日月有度。 炎涼啟辰，次舍無代。 履端屢臻，歸餘成閏。 是以爰命羲和，升準徂節，使晷數應時，火流協運。 致望舒後律，耀靈爽次。 即官闕永，容可為愆。 玄象一差，未成巨戾。 且杪秋豈回星之辰，授衣非合璧之月。 敍食弗當，積失加誅； 律度暫差，便遘殄絕。 仁者之兵，義不妄興； 王赫斯舉，將有異說。
Question: In the Documents' Yin Campaign, Xi and He are charged though it was the eighth month and the morning star did not meet in the House—'The balance mark does not move; sun and moon have measure.' Heat and cold open the seasons; lodges have no replacement. The year begins repeatedly; intercalation completes the remainder. Therefore Xi and He were ordered to align the calendar so gnomon and seasons matched. Making the moon lag and the sun miss its sequence. Long neglect of office could be fault. One astral discrepancy is not yet great crime. Moreover late autumn is not the season of retrograde stars; mis-timed garments are fault enough— must temporary deviation in measure warrant extinction? The army of the benevolent does not rise without cause; the king's wrath must have a different explanation. Question: Mao Odes—'Tenth month, new day xinmao, eclipse—very ugly'—'Sun and moon complete the cycle; solstice points are not faults.'
83
問毛詩，「十月之交，朔日辛卯，日有食之，亦孔之醜」曰：日月次周，行舍有常，分至之候，不為愆咎。 今同之辰而為深戾者，專以金木相殘，指日成釁。 推步不一，容可如之。 若謫見正陽，日維戊午，生育相因，猶子歸母，但以陰陽得無深忌乎？ 若為忌也，朔亦應為災； 如不忌也，辛卯豈獨成醜？ 且舉凡之始，以屬月時，繫之在日，有爽明例。 義不妄構，理用何依？
Why is the same morning deeply inauspicious? Because metal and wood mutually injure, making the day an omen. Astronomical steps differ—can this be so? If the reproof appears at proper yang on wuwu day, birth and restraint follow like son to mother—can yin and yang have no deep taboo? If it is taboo, the new moon should also be calamity; if not taboo, why is xinmao alone ugly? if not taboo, why is xinmao alone ugly? Moreover the fan's beginning attaches to the month; tying it to the day has clear contrary examples. Righteousness does not fabricate vainly—on what principle does it rely?
84
問論語，河不出圖，泣麟自傷曰：聖人禀靈天地，資識未形，齊生死於一同，等榮辱於彼我。 孔子自生不辰，從心告齒，樂正既修，素王斯著。 方興吾已之歎，結反袂之悲，進涉無上之心，退深負杖之懼。 聖達之理，無乃缺如？
Question: Analects—'The river produced no chart; he wept over the unicorn'—'The sage receives spirit from heaven and earth, equalizing life and death and honor and shame.' Confucius was born untimely; the music master was trained and the uncrowned king thereby appeared. He sighed 'it is I' and ended in grief of turning the sleeve—advancing with heart of nothing above, retreating in fear of the staff. Sage penetration of principle—is it not lacking?
85
符璽郎王神貴答之，名為辯疑，合成十卷，亦有可觀。 前廢帝時奏上之。 帝親自執卷，與神貴往復，嘉其用心，特除神貴子鴻彥為奉朝請。
Seal Officer Wang Shengui answered in Discerning Doubts in ten scrolls—also worth viewing. It was submitted in the reign of the deposed emperor. The emperor personally debated the text with Shengui, praised his effort, and specially made Shengui's son Hongyan a court gentleman.
86
景先子延祐，武定末，太子家令。
Jingxian's son Yanyou, late in Wuding, was master of the heir apparent's household.
87
景遠，字叔遐。 重然諾，好施與。 頻歲凶儉，分贍宗親，又於通衢以食餓者，存濟甚眾。 平原劉郁行經齊兗之境，忽遇劫賊，已殺十餘人。 次至郁，郁呼曰：「與君鄉近，何忍見殺！」 賊曰：「若言鄉里，親親是誰？」 郁曰：「齊州主簿房陽是我姨兄。」 陽是景遠小字。 賊曰：「我食其粥得活，何得殺其親！」 遂還衣服，蒙活者二十餘人。 景遠好史傳，不為章句。 天性小急，不類家風，然事二兄至謹，撫養兄孤恩訓甚篤。 益州刺史傅豎眼慕其名義，啟為昭武府功曹參軍，以母老不應，豎眼頗恨之。 卒於家。
Jingyuan, whose courtesy name was Shuxia. He valued his word and was generous. In years of famine he supported his clan and fed the hungry at the roadside, saving many lives. Liu Yu of Pingyuan was traveling through Qi and Yan when he met bandits who had already killed more than ten people. When they reached Yu he cried, "I am from your region—how can you kill me!" The bandits asked, "If you claim kinship, who is your relative?" Yu said, "Fang Yang, chief clerk in Qi Province, is my cousin." Yang was Jingyuan's childhood name. They said, "We survived on his porridge—how can we kill his kin!" They returned his clothes and spared more than twenty lives. Jingyuan loved history and did not write parallel prose. He was quick-tempered unlike the family norm, yet served his elder brothers devotedly and raised their orphans with great care. Inspector Fu Shuyan admired him and offered a staff post; he declined because his mother was old, to Shuyan's displeasure. He died at home.
88
子敬道，永熙中，開府參軍事。
His son Jingdao served on a headquarters staff in the Yongxi era.
89
史臣曰：嚴稜夙款可嘉。 脩之晚有誠効。 唐和萬里慕義，歸身著績。 休賓窮而委質。 法壽、伯玉末能投命。 景伯兄弟，儒風雅業，良可稱焉。
The historian writes: Yan Leng's early good faith was commendable. Xiuzhi proved loyal in his later years. Tang He came from afar in loyalty and achieved merit upon submission. Xiubin, brought to bay, entrusted himself to the dynasty. Fashou and Boyu in the end could not fully submit to the mandate. The Jingbo brothers' Confucian cultivation and elegant achievement are truly praiseworthy.
90
校勘記
Textual collation notes
91
晉昌冥安人也諸本「冥」作「宜」，北史卷二七唐和傳作「冥」。 按冥安，漢舊縣，因冥水得名，北周時始省，見元和志卷四０瓜州晉昌縣條及隋書卷二九地理志上敦煌郡常樂縣注。 「宜」字訛，今據北史改。
For 'native of Ming'an in Jinchang,' editions read the cited text for the cited text; the Northern History Tang He biography has the cited text. Ming'an was an old Han county named for the Ming River, abolished under Northern Zhou—see Yuanhe Gazetteer 40 and Sui Geography 29. the cited text is a corruption; the text now follows the Northern History.
92
今在升城諸本脫「在」字，今據冊府卷四二六 〈五０七六頁〉 補。
All editions omit the cited text in 'now in Shengcheng'; it is restored from Cefu Yuangui 426. 〈p. 5076〉 Supplemented.
93
固執不作諸本「固」訛「因」，今據北史卷三九劉休賓傳、冊府 〈同上卷頁〉 改。
For 'stubbornly would not write,' editions wrongly have the cited text for the cited text; corrected per Northern History 39 and Cefu Yuangui. 〈same juan and page〉 Changed.
94
卿之所訴諸本「訴」訛「許」，今據冊府卷八三四 〈九九０四頁〉 改。
For 'what you plead,' editions wrongly have the cited text for the cited text; corrected per Cefu Yuangui 834. 〈p. 9904〉 Changed.
95
拜協律中郎諸本「中郎」作「郎中」，北史卷三九作「中郎」。 按卷一一三官氏志載太和前品令、通典卷二五太常屬官，魏有「協律中郎」，此傳誤倒作「郎中」，今乙正。
For Harmonizer-in-Chief, editions read the cited text for the cited text; Northern History 39 has the cited text. Wei rank lists and Tongdian 25 show the cited text; the biography's the cited text is an inversion-now corrected.
96
二子法鳳法武冊府卷九四０ 〈一一０六七頁〉 「武」作「虎」。 按北史卷三九也作「武」。 疑魏書本作「虎」，北史避唐諱改，後人又據北史改此傳。 冊府所據尚是未改舊本。 但別無他證，今仍之。
For the two sons Fafeng and Fawu, Cefu Yuangui 940 (p. 11067) 〈p. 11067〉 reads the cited text for the cited text. Northern History 39 also has the cited text. The Wei History may originally have had the cited text, changed in Northern History for Tang taboo, then copied back here. Cefu Yuangui preserves the older reading. Without further evidence the text is retained.
97
母子皆出家為尼北史卷三九「尼」下有「僧」字。 張森楷云：「母為尼，子不應為尼，有『僧』字是。」
After 'became nuns' Northern History 39 adds the cited text. Zhang Senkai says: "If the mother became a nun, the son should not become a nun; the character 'monk' is correct."
98
以功賜爵壯武侯加平遠將軍錢氏考異卷二八云：「按上文，法壽已授平遠將軍矣，不應更加「平遠」之號，前後當有一誤。 考房彥謙碑 〈金石萃編卷四三〉 述其先世，云法壽以魏郡太守立功歸魏，封莊武侯、 〈『莊』、『壯』二文古相通。〉 使持節、龍驤將軍、東冀州刺史。 然則後所加者蓋龍驤將軍也。 平遠將軍第四品，龍驤將軍第三品，故云『加』。」
Qian Daxin notes Fashou was already General Who Pacifies the Distance; the duplicated title suggests error. Examining Fang Yanzhi's stele, 〈Collected Inscriptions on Metal and Stone 43〉 his forebears show Fashou enfeoffed Marquis of Zhuanghou after serving as Administrator of Wei, 〈the graphs 'Zhuang' and 'Zhuang' are interchangeable in antiquity.〉 Bearer of the Staff, General of the Dragon Cavalry, Inspector of Eastern Ji. The later addition was probably General of the Dragon Cavalry. Pacifies the Distance is fourth rank, Dragon Cavalry third—hence 'added.'"
99
逼宣明為太守按元愉敗後，宣明如何，傳不應一無交待，此句下當有脫文。
After Yuan Yu forced Xuanming to serve as administrator, the account breaks off—text is missing below.
100
高祖聽之諸本「祖」作「宗」，獨局本作「祖」。 按上文作「高祖」。 伯玉城破被擒在元宏 〈高祖〉 時，「宗」字顯誤，今從局本。
Editions read the cited text for the cited text in 'Gaozu permitted'; the Juye edition has the cited text. The passage above reads Emperor Gaozu. Boyu's capture occurred under Emperor Gaozu (Yuan Hong) 〈Emperor Gaozu〉 the cited text is clearly wrong; the Juye reading is followed.
101
及弟妓亡北史卷三九房景伯傳無「妓」字，冊府卷八五二 〈一０一二六頁〉 「妓」作「妹」。 疑「弟」字下本是其弟之名，訛作「妓」，原作何字，已不可知，北史遂徑刪去。 冊府當是以意改作「妹」，按照當時社會禮俗，於妹喪不會那樣重視。
When the younger brother's concubine died—the Northern History, juan 39, Fang Jingbo biography, lacks the character "concubine"; Cefu Yuangui, juan 852 (p. 10126), 〈p. 10126〉 reads the cited text for the cited text. It is suspected that below "younger brother" there was originally the younger brother's name, corrupted to "concubine"; the original graph cannot be known and the Northern History simply deleted it. Cefu Yuangui probably changed it to "younger sister" by conjecture; according to the ritual customs of the time, mourning for a younger sister would not receive such weight.
102
廷尉卿崔光韶好標牓人物諸本「光」作「先」，冊府 〈同上卷頁〉 作「光」。 按崔光韶附卷六六崔亮傳，「先」字訛，今據改。
Editions read the cited text for the cited text in Cui Guangshao's name; Cefu Yuangui has the cited text. 〈same juan and page〉 reads the cited text. Cui Guangshao's biography in juan 66 shows the cited text is wrong; corrected accordingly.
103
況斬焉初之創巨方始語意晦澀。 疑「初之」為「之初」誤倒，讀作「況斬焉之初，創巨方始」，但無他據，今姑於「斬焉」斷句，「初之」屬下讀。
The phrase about the hem and 'great wound just begins' is obscure. the cited text may be inverted the cited text; without evidence the line is punctuated after the cited text.
104
雖窮勃履朝按齊人殺哀姜，見左傳閔二年。 「窮勃」不知所出。
See Zuozhuan Min 2 for the Qi killing of Ai Jiang. "Poor Bo" has no known source.