1
趙逸胡方回胡叟宋繇張湛宗欽段承根闞駰劉昞趙柔索敞陰仲達
Zhao Yi, and hu Fanghui, and hu Sou, and song Yao, and zhang Zhan, and zong Qin, and duan Chenggen, and yan Yin, and liu Bing, and zhao Rou, and suo Chang, and yin Zhongda
2
趙逸，字思羣，天水人也。 十世祖融，漢光祿大夫。 父昌，石勒黃門郎。 逸好學夙成，仕姚興，歷中書侍郎。 為興將齊難軍司，征赫連屈丐。 難敗，為屈丐所虜，拜著作郎。 世祖平統萬，見逸所著，曰：「此豎無道，安得為此言乎！ 作者誰也？ 其速推之。」 司徒崔浩進曰：「彼之謬述，亦猶子雲之美新，皇王之道，固宜容之。」 世祖乃止。 拜中書侍郎。 神䴥三年三月上巳，帝幸白虎殿，命百僚賦詩，逸製詩序，時稱為善。 久之，拜寧朔將軍、赤城鎮將，綏和荒服，十有餘年，百姓安之。 頻表乞免，久乃見許。 性好墳素，白首彌勤，年踰七十，手不釋卷。 凡所著述，詩、賦、銘、頌，五十餘篇。
Zhao Yi, whose courtesy name was Siqun, came from Tianshui. His tenth-generation ancestor Rong had served the Han as Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. His father Chang had been a Yellow Gate Attendant under Shi Le. Yi took to scholarship from youth and mastered it early; he entered the service of Yao Xing and rose to Secretariat Attendant. He served as army aide to Yao Xing's general Qi Nan in the campaign against Helian Qugai. When Nan was defeated, Yi was taken captive by Qugai and appointed Drafting Secretary. When Emperor Shizu pacified Tongwan, he came upon Yi's writings and exclaimed, "This villain is utterly lawless—how dare he write such things! Who wrote this? Have him brought forward at once." Minister over the Masses Cui Hao stepped forward and said, "His misguided writings are like Yang Xiong's Mei Xin— the way of sage-kings should make room even for that." The emperor then let the matter drop. He was appointed Secretariat Attendant. In the third year of Shenyu, on the third-month shangsi festival, the emperor visited the White Tiger Hall and ordered the hundred officials to compose poems; Yi drafted the preface, which was then widely praised. After some time he was appointed General Who Pacifies the North and garrison commander of Chicheng; for more than ten years he brought calm to the frontier, and the people lived securely under him. He repeatedly petitioned to be relieved of office, and only after a long delay was he allowed to retire. He loved the classics by nature; in old age he grew only more assiduous, and past seventy he still never set a book down. Everything he wrote— poems, rhapsodies, inscriptions, and eulogies— came to more than fifty pieces.
3
逸兄溫，字思恭。 博學有高名，姚泓天水太守。 劉裕滅泓，遂沒於氐。 氐王楊盛，盛子難當，既有漢中，以溫為輔國將軍、秦梁二州刺史。 及難當稱蕃，世祖以溫為難當府司馬。 卒于仇池。
Yi's elder brother Wen, whose courtesy name was Sigong. He was broadly learned and highly regarded, and served as Tianshui Administrator under Yao Hong. When Liu Yu destroyed Yao Hong, Wen fell into Di hands. The Di king Yang Sheng and his son Yang Dang, once they held Hanzhong, made Wen General Who Assists the State and governor of Qin and Liang. When Dang submitted as a vassal, Emperor Shizu appointed Wen staff officer in Dang's headquarters. Indeed, He died at Chouchi.
4
長子廣夏，中書博士。 第三子琰。 語在孝感傳。
His eldest son Guangxia served as a Secretariat Erudite. The third son was Yan. His story is told in the Biographies of Filial Sons.
5
初，姚萇以逸伯父遷為尚書左僕射，卒于長安。 劉裕滅姚泓，徙遷子孫於建業。 遷玄孫翼、翼從子超宗、令勝、遐、叔隆、穆等，太和、景明中，相尋歸降。
Earlier, Yao Chang had appointed Yi's father's elder brother Qian Left Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat, and qian died at Chang'an. When Liu Yu destroyed Yao Hong, the descendants of the Qian line were relocated to Jianye. Qian's great-great-grandson Yi, Yi's grandnephew Chaozong, Ling Sheng, Xia, Shulong, Mu, and others came over in surrender one after another during the Taihe and Jingming reigns.
6
翼，粗涉書傳，通率有器藝。 初為平昌太守，甚有治稱。 入歷軍校，加鎮遠將軍長史，深為領軍元叉所知待。 遷光祿大夫。 卒，贈左將軍、齊州刺史。
Yi had a rough grounding in the classics and was open and forthright, with real talent and ability. He first served as Administrator of Pingchang, where he won a strong reputation for good governance. He entered the army schools, became chief clerk to the General Who Pacifies the Distant, and won the deep trust of Commander-in-Chief Yuan Cha. He was promoted to Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. When he died he was posthumously made General of the Left and Governor of Qi Province.
7
超宗，身長八尺，頗有將略。 太和末，為豫州平南府長史，帶汝南太守，加建威將軍，賜爵尋陽伯。 入為驍騎將軍。 超宗在汝南，多所受納，貨賂太傅北海王詳，詳言之於世宗，除持節、征虜將軍、岐州刺史。 徙河東太守，卒官。 超宗在河東，更自修厲，清靖愛民，百姓追思之。 贈本將軍、華州刺史，諡曰成伯。
Chaozong stood eight feet tall and showed considerable military talent. At the end of Taihe he was chief clerk in the Pacify-the-South headquarters of Yu Province and concurrently Administrator of Runan, with the additional title General Who Establishes Might; he was enfeoffed Baron of Xunyang. Indeed, He entered court as General of Valiant Cavalry. In Runan Chaozong took many bribes and curried favor with Grand Tutor Prince Xiang of Beihai; Xiang commended him to Emperor Shizong, who appointed him Bearer of the Staff, General Who Punishes the Barbarians, and Governor of Qi Province. He was transferred to Administrator of Hedong and died in office. In Hedong he disciplined himself anew, governed with purity and care for the people, and the common people long remembered him. He was posthumously given his former rank of general and made Governor of Hua Province, with the posthumous title Baron Cheng.
8
子懿，襲爵。 歷員外常侍、尚書郎。
His son Yi inherited the title. He served successively as Outer Court Attendant and Secretariat Gentleman.
9
超宗弟令勝，亦長八尺，疏狂有膂力。 歷河北、恒農二郡太守，並坐貪暴，為御史所彈，遇赦免。 神龜末，自後將軍、太中大夫出為恒農太守，卒官。 令勝寵惑妾潘，離棄其妻羊氏，夫妻相訟，迭發陰私，醜穢之事，彰於朝野。
Chaozong's younger brother Ling Sheng was also eight feet tall— coarse, reckless, and powerfully built. He held the prefectures of Hebei and Hengnong, and in both was impeached by the censorate for greed and cruelty, then pardoned. At the end of Shengui he went out from Rear General and Grand Master of Palace Counsel to become Administrator of Hengnong and died in office. Ling Sheng doted on his concubine Pan, abandoned his wife Lady Yang, and the couple sued each other in turn, airing private scandals until the whole affair was notorious at court and in the countryside.
10
遐，初為軍主，從高祖征南陽。 景明初，為梁城戍主，被蕭衍將攻圍。 以固守及戰功，封牟平縣開國子，食邑二百戶。
Xia first served as an army commander and followed Emperor Gaozu on the southern campaign. In early Jingming he was garrison commander of Liangcheng and was besieged by a Liang general. For his stout defense and battle merit he was enfeoffed Viscount of Mouping with a fief of two hundred households.
11
後以左軍將軍、假征虜將軍、督巴東諸軍事，鎮南鄭。 時蕭衍冠軍將軍、軍主姜脩眾二萬屯羊口，輔國將軍姜白龍據南城，龍驤將軍泉建率土民北入桑坯，姜脩又分軍據興勢，龍驤將軍譚思文據夾石，司州刺史王僧炳頓南安，並扇動夷獠，規翻南鄭。 遐率甲士九千，所在衝擊，數百里中，莫不摧靡，前後斬首五千餘級。
Later he was made General of the Left, acting General Who Punishes the Barbarians, and overseer of all Ba-Dong military affairs, with his seat at Nanzheng. At that time the Liang champion general Jiang Xiu had twenty thousand men at Yangkou; Jiang Bailong held the southern city; Quan Jian led locals north into Sangpi; Jiang Xiu also detached forces for Xingshi; Tan Siwen held Jiashi; Wang Sengbing was at Nan'an— all stirring the frontier peoples and plotting to recover Nanzheng. Xia led nine thousand armored men and struck wherever he went; for several hundred li nothing stood before him, and he took more than five thousand heads in all.
12
還，以輔國將軍出為滎陽太守。 時蕭衍將馬仙琕率眾攻圍朐城，戍主傅文驥嬰城固守。 以遐持節、假平東將軍為別將，與劉思祖等救之。 次於鮑口，去朐城五十里，夏雨頻降，厲涉長驅，將至朐城。 仙琕見遐營壘未就，徑來逆戰。 思祖率彭沛之眾，望陳奔退。 遐孤軍奮擊，獨破仙琕，斬其直閤將軍、軍主李魯生，直後軍主葛景羽等。 仙琕先分軍於朐城之西，阻水列柵，以圍固城。 遐身自潛行，觀水深淺，結草為筏，銜枚夜進，破其六柵，遂解固城之圍。 進救朐城，都督盧昶率大軍繼之。 未幾而文驥力竭，以城降賊，眾軍大崩。 昶棄其節傳，輕騎而走，惟遐獨握節而還。 時仲冬寒盛，兵士凍死者，朐山至於郯城二百里間僵尸相屬。 昶儀衞失盡，於郯城借假節以為軍威。 [1]遐坐失利，免官。 延昌中，起為光祿大夫、使持節、假前將軍為別將，防捍西荊，又為別將隸蕭寶夤，東征淮堰。 熙平初，出為平西將軍、汾州刺史，在州貪濁，聞於遠近。 卒，贈安南將軍、豫州刺史，諡曰襄。
On his return he went out as State-supporting General and Administrator of Xingyang. At that time the Liang general Ma Xianbi besieged Qucheng, whose garrison commander Fu Wenqi held the walls in a desperate defense. xia, with Bearer of the Staff and acting General Who Pacifies the East, was made a separate commander with Liu Sizu and others to relieve the siege. They halted at Baokou, fifty li from Qucheng; summer rains fell in succession, yet they forced the floods and marched hard, and were about to reach Qucheng. Xianbi saw Xia's camp was not yet set and came straight to give battle. Sizu led the Peng and Pei troops and, at sight of the enemy line, broke and fled. Xia alone fought on with his army, broke Xianbi by himself, and killed his Direct Attendant General Li Lusheng, Rear Guard commander Ge Jingyu, and others. Xianbi had earlier divided his army west of Qucheng, thrown palisades across the water, and besieged the fortified city. Xia went himself by secret paths to test the water, bound reeds into rafts, advanced at night with gags in the men's mouths, broke six palisades, and so lifted the siege. He pressed on to relieve Qucheng; Overseer Lu Chang followed with a great army. Before long Wenqi's strength failed and he surrendered the city to the enemy; the whole army collapsed. Chang cast off his credentials and fled on a light horse; only Xia kept his staff and returned. It was deep midwinter and bitter cold; men who froze to death lay corpse beside corpse for two hundred li from Qushan to Tancheng. chang had lost all his guards of honor and borrowed a false staff at Tancheng to restore military prestige. Indeed, [1] Xia was demoted for the defeat. In Yanchang he was recalled as Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, Bearer of the Staff, and acting Forward General as a separate commander on the western Jing frontier; he also served as a separate commander under Xiao Baoyin in the eastern campaign against the Huai embankment. In early Xiping he went out as General Who Pacifies the West and Governor of Fen Province, where he was greedy and corrupt and notorious far and wide. In his death he was posthumously made General Who Pacifies the South and Governor of Yu Province, with the posthumous title Xiang.
13
子子獻，襲爵。 子獻第四弟子素，司空長流參軍。
His son Zixian inherited the title. zixian's fourth younger brother's son Su was a flowing clerk in the Minister of Works' office.
14
叔隆，步兵校尉。 永平初，同懸瓠城民白早生之逆。 鎮南邢巒平豫州，獲而宥之。 後以貨自通，得為秦州 〈闕〉 西府長史，加鎮遠將軍。 秦州殷富，去京懸遠，叔隆與敕使元脩義同心聚斂，納貨巨萬。 拜冠軍將軍、中散大夫。 尋遷左軍將軍、太中大夫。 賂司空劉騰，出為中山內史，在郡無德政，專以貨賄為事。 叔隆姦詐無行，忘背恩義。 懸瓠之免，是其族人前軍將軍趙文相之力，後無報德之意，更與文相斷絕，文相長者，不以為恨。 及文相為汝南內史，猶經紀其家。 後文相卒，叔隆了不恤其子弟，時論賤薄之。
shulong was Commandant of Foot Soldiers. In early Yongping he joined the people of Xuanchi in Bai Zaosheng's rebellion. Pacify-the-South Commander Xing Luan pacified Yu Province, captured him, and spared him. Later, through bribery, he obtained an appointment in Qin Province 〈lacuna〉 as Western headquarters Chief Clerk, with the additional title General Who Pacifies the Distant. Qin Province was wealthy and far from the capital; Shulong and the imperial messenger Yuan Xiuyi together extorted and amassed bribes in the tens of thousands. He served as appointed Champion General and Palace Counsellor. Soon he was transferred to General of the Left and Grand Master of Palace Counsel. He bribed Minister of Works Liu Teng and went out as Interior Minister of Zhongshan, where he governed without virtue and dealt solely in bribes. Shulong was treacherous and without principle, forgetting kindness and betraying obligation. His escape at Xuanchi owed to his clansman Forward General Zhao Wenshang; afterward he showed no gratitude and broke with Wenshang, who as the elder bore no resentment. Once Wenshang became Interior Minister of Runan, he still looked after Shulong's household. After Wenshang died, Shulong would not care for his sons and younger brothers; public opinion despised him for it.
15
穆，善書記，有刀筆之用。 為汾州平西府司馬。 翼臨亡，以穆託領軍元叉，以穆為汝南內史。
Mu was skilled at documents and had a ready hand with the drafting brush. He served as staff officer in the Pacify-the-West headquarters of Fen Province. As Yi lay dying he entrusted Mu to Commander-in-Chief Yuan Cha, who made Mu Interior Minister of Runan.
16
胡方回，安定臨涇人。 父義周，姚泓黃門侍郎。 方回，赫連屈丐中書侍郎。 涉獵史籍，辭彩可觀，為屈丐統萬城銘、蛇祠碑諸文，頗行於世。 世祖破赫連昌，方回入國。 雅有才尚，未為時所知也。 後為北鎮司馬，為鎮修表，有所稱慶。 世祖覽之，嗟美，問誰所作。 既知方回，召為中書博士，賜爵臨涇子。 遷侍郎，與太子少傅游雅等改定律制。 司徒崔浩及當時朝賢，並愛重之。 清貧守道，以壽終。
Hu Fanghui came from Linjing in Anding. His father Yizhou had been Yellow Gate Attendant under Yao Hong. Fanghui served Helian Qugai as Secretariat Attendant. He ranged through historical records and wrote with admirable literary color; his inscription for Tongwan, the Snake Shrine stele, and other pieces circulated widely in his day. Once Emperor Shizu destroyed Helian Chang, Fanghui entered the [Northern Wei] state. Indeed, He had refined talent and high aims, yet was not yet known to his age. Later he was staff officer of the Northern Garrison; he drafted a memorial for the commander and won praise. Indeed, The emperor read it, sighed in admiration, and asked who had written it. Learning it was Fanghui, he summoned him, appointed him Secretariat Erudite, and enfeoffed him Viscount of Linjing. He was promoted to Attendant and, with Crown Prince Junior Tutor You Ya and others, revised the laws and regulations. Minister over the Masses Cui Hao and the leading men of the court all loved and esteemed him. He lived in purity and poverty, kept to the Way, and died at a full age.
17
子始昌，亦長者，有父風。 歷位至南部主書。
His son Shichang was likewise a man of mature character and bore his father's manner. Indeed, He rose through posts to Chief Clerk of the Southern Department.
18
子醜孫，中書學生、祕書郎、中散。 世不治產業，家甚貧約。 兄弟並早亡。
The son Chousun was a Secretariat student, Secretariat Gentleman, and Palace Counsellor. For generations they did not manage estates; the family remained very poor and frugal. Indeed, The brothers all died young.
19
胡叟，字倫許，安定臨涇人也。 世有冠冕，為西夏著姓。 叟少聰敏，年十三，辨疑釋理，知名鄉國，其意之所悟，與成人交論，尠有屈焉。 學不師受，友人勸之，叟曰：「先聖之言，精義入神者，其唯易乎？ 猶謂可思而過半。 末世腐儒，粗別剛柔之位，寧有探賾未兆者哉。 就道之義，非在今矣。」 及披讀羣籍，再閱於目，皆誦於口。 好屬文，既善為典雅之詞，又工為鄙俗之句。 以姚政將衰，遂入長安觀風化，隱匿名行，懼人見知。 時京兆韋祖思，少閱典墳，多蔑時輩，知叟至，召而見之。 祖思習常，待叟不足，叟聊與敍溫涼，拂衣而出。 祖思固留之，曰：「當與君論天人之際，何遽而反乎？」 叟對曰：「論天人者其亡久矣，與君相知，何夸言若是也。」 遂不坐而去。 至主人家，賦韋杜二族，一宿而成，時年十有八矣。 其述前載，無違舊美，敍中世有協時事，而末及鄙黷。 人皆奇其才，畏其筆。 世猶傳誦之，以為笑狎。
Hu Sou, whose courtesy name was Lunxu, came from Linjing in Anding. His family for generations held court rank and were a leading clan of Western Xia. Sou was clever and keen from youth; at thirteen he could resolve doubts and explain principle and was known throughout his district; in whatever his mind grasped, when he debated with adults, few could best him. He studied without taking a teacher; when friends urged him on, Sou said, "Of the words of the former sages, that whose essential meaning enters the spirit— is it not only the Changes? Indeed, One may say that if you think on it, more than half can be mastered. The rotten Confucians of this degenerate age can barely distinguish the positions of firm and yielding— could there be one who probes the hidden before any sign appears?. Indeed, The pursuit of the Way is not to be found in the present." When he spread open the mass of writings, a second reading passed before his eyes and all was on his lips. He loved to compose writing, and he was skilled both at elegant phrasing and at crafting vulgar lines. Seeing that Yao rule was about to decline, he entered Chang'an to observe its customs, traveling under a hidden name for fear of being recognized. At that time Wei Zusi of Jingzhao, who had read the classics from youth and held many contemporaries in contempt, learned Sou had arrived and summoned him. Zusi was set in his ways and did not treat Sou adequately, and sou exchanged a few words of greeting and swept his robe and went out. zusi pressed him to stay and said, "I ought to discuss heaven and man with you— why turn back so abruptly?" Sou replied, "Discussion of heaven and man has long been dead, and knowing each other as we do, why such boastful talk? Indeed, " He would not sit down and left. In his host's house he composed a piece on the Wei and Du clans; in one night it was finished, and he was then eighteen. In treating earlier records he did not violate old praise, and in treating the middle period he matched the times, yet at the end he did not reach vulgar abuse. people all marveled at his talent and feared his brush. Indeed, The age still handed his piece down in recitation, taking it as a jest.
20
叟孤飄坎𡒄，未有仕路，遂入漢中。 劉義隆梁秦二州刺史馮翊吉翰，以叟才士，頗相禮接。 授叟末佐，不稱其懷。 未幾，翰遷益州，叟隨入蜀，多為豪儁所尚。 時蜀沙門法成，鳩率僧旅，幾于千人，鑄丈六金像。 劉義隆惡其聚眾，將加大辟。 叟聞之，即赴丹陽，啟申其美，遂得免焉。 復還於蜀。 法成感之，遺其珍物，價直千餘匹。 叟謂法成曰：「緯蕭何人，能棄明珠？ 吾為德請，財何為也？」 一無所受。
sou, alone and adrift through hardship, had no path to office, and so entered Hanzhong. liu Yilong's Liang and Qin Inspector Ji Han of Fengyi, taking Sou for a man of talent, treated him with considerable courtesy. Indeed, He gave Sou a low staff post, which did not suit his heart. Before long Han was transferred to Yizhou and Sou followed him into Shu, where he was much admired by local men of mark. In that time the Shu monk Facheng gathered the monastic community, nearly a thousand men, and cast a sixteen-foot golden image. liu Yilong hated his gathering a crowd and was about to impose the death penalty. Once Sou heard of it he went at once to Danyang, memorialized the excellence of the act, and Facheng was spared. Indeed, He returned again to Shu. facheng, moved by this, sent him precious goods worth more than a thousand bolts. sou said to Facheng, "What sort of man was Wei Xiao that he could cast aside bright pearls? I pleaded on grounds of virtue— what is wealth to me?. Indeed, " He accepted not a single thing.
21
在益土五六載，北至楊難當，乃西入沮渠牧犍，遇之不重。 叟亦本無附之之誠，乃為詩示所知廣平程伯達。 其略曰：「羣犬吠新客，佞闇排疏賓。 直途既以塞，曲路非所遵。 望衞惋祝鮀，眄楚悼靈均。 何用宣憂懷，託翰寄輔仁。」 伯達見詩，謂叟曰：「涼州雖地居戎域，然自張氏以來，號有華風。 今則憲章無虧，曷祝鮀之有也？」 叟曰：「古人有言：君子聞鞞鼓之聲，則思戰爭之士。 貴主奉正朔而弗淳，慕仁義而未允，地陋僻而僭徽號。 居小事大，寧若茲乎？ 徐偃之轍，故不旋踵矣。 吾之擇木，夙在大魏，與子暫違，非久闊也。」 歲餘，牧犍破降。
In the Yi region five or six years, he went north to Yang Dang, then west to Juqu Mujian, who did not esteem him. Sou likewise had no intention of attaching himself, and he composed a poem to show his acquaintance Cheng Boda of Guangping. In outline it said, "The pack of dogs bark at the new guest, and the flatterers in darkness drive off the plain guest. The straight road is already blocked, and the crooked path is not what I follow. Gazing toward Wei I pity Zhu Tuo, and looking toward Chu I mourn Qu Yuan. Indeed, Why use words to declare sorrow? I entrust my brush to Fu Ren." When Boda saw the poem he said to Sou, "Liang Province, though it lies in the barbarian domain, yet from the Zhang clan onward has been called to have a Chinese air. Now its laws and standards are unimpaired— how can there be a Zhu Tuo?." Sou said, "The ancients had a saying: when a gentleman hears the sound of drums and flails, he thinks of the men of war. your honored lord receives the royal calendar yet is not pure, admires benevolence and righteousness yet is not sincere, the land is narrow and remote yet he usurps imperial emblems. To dwell in smallness yet act as if great— can it be like this?. Indeed, The wheel-tracks of Xu Yan will not turn back in a hurry. My choice of a tree has long been in Great Wei, and with you I part for a time— it is not a long separation. Indeed, " After a year and more, Mujian was destroyed and submitted.
22
叟既先歸國，朝廷以其識機，拜虎威將軍，賜爵始復男。 家於密雲，蓬室草筵，惟以酒自適。 謂友人金城宗舒曰：「我此生活，似勝焦先，志意所栖，謝其高矣。」 後叟被徵至，謝恩，并獻詩一篇。 高宗時召叟及舒，並使作檄劉駿、蠕蠕文。 舒文劣於叟，舒尋歸家。
Sou had already returned to the state first; the court, because he had read the signs, appointed him General of Tiger Might and enfeoffed him Baron of Shifu. He made his home in Miyun in a thatched hut with a grass mat, finding his ease only in wine. He said to his friend Zong Shu of Jincheng, "This life of mine seems better than Jiao Xian's, and the place my will inhabits— I yield the height to him." Later when Sou was summoned to court to give thanks, he also presented a poem. In Emperor Gaozong's time Sou and Shu were both summoned and ordered to draft proclamations against Liu Jun and the Rouran. Shu's text was inferior to Sou's, and shu soon returned home.
23
叟不治產業，常苦飢貧，然不以為耻。 養子字螟蛉，以自給養。 每至貴勝之門，恒乘一牸牛，弊韋袴褶而已。 作布囊，容三四斗，飲噉醉飽，便盛餘肉餅以付螟蛉。 見車馬榮華者，視之蔑如也。 尚書李敷，嘗遺之以財，都無所取。 初叟一見高允，曰：「吳鄭之交，以紵縞為美談，吾之於子，以弦韋為幽贄，以此言之，彼可無愧也。」 於允館見中書侍郎趙郡李璨，璨被服華靡，叟貧老衣褐，璨頗忽之。 叟謂之曰：「老子今若相許，脫體上袴褶衣帽，君欲作何計也？」 譏其惟假盛服。 璨惕然失色。
sou did not manage estates and was often bitterly hungry and poor, yet he did not take it as shame. Indeed, He adopted a son styled Mingling to support and sustain himself. whenever he came to the gates of the noble and eminent he always rode a single cow, wearing only worn leather trousers and jacket. He made a cloth sack holding three or four dou; when he had drunk and eaten his fill, he would pack the leftover meat and cakes for Mingling. Once he saw carriages, horses, glory, and splendor he regarded them with contempt. Secretariat Director Li Fu once sent him wealth, and he took none of it at all. Once Sou first met Gao Yun he said, "The friendship of Wu and Zheng, with coarse silk as its fine talk— between you and me, with bowstring and leather as a humble gift, in this I need not be ashamed." At Yun's lodge he met Secretariat Attendant Li Can of Zhao commandery, and can was dressed in splendid finery while Sou was an old man in poor brown clothes, and Can slighted him somewhat. sou said to him, "Old man, if I agreed with you now and stripped off my trousers, jacket, hat, and clothes— what plan would you make? Indeed, " He mocked him for relying only on borrowed grand attire. can suddenly paled in alarm.
24
叟少孤，每言及父母，則淚下，若孺子之號。 春秋當祭之前，則先求旨酒美膳，將其所知廣寧常順陽、馮翊田文宗、上谷侯法儁，攜壺執榼，至郭外空靜處，設坐奠拜，盡孝思之敬。 時敦煌氾潛，家善釀酒，每節，送一壺與叟。 著作佐郎博陵許赤虎、河東裴定宗等謂潛曰：[2]「再三之惠，以為過厚，子惠於叟，何其恒也？」 潛曰：「我恒給祭者，以其恒於孝思也。」 論者以潛為君子矣。 順陽等數子，禀叟奬示，頗涉文流。
Sou was orphaned young, and whenever he spoke of his parents tears would fall, like a child wailing. Before the spring sacrifices each year he would first seek fine wine and good food, and with those he knew— Chang Shunyang of Guangning, Tian Wenzong of Fengyi, and Hou Fayun of Shanggu— carrying jars and holding cups, he would go to an empty quiet place outside the city wall, set out seats, and perform the offering bow, fulfilling the utmost of filial reverence. In that time Fan Qian of Dunhuang, whose family was skilled at brewing wine, each festival sent Sou one jar. associate Drafting Secretary Xu Chihu of Boling, Pei Dingzong of Hedong, and others said to Qian: [2] "Repeated kindness is thought excessive— why are you so constant in your bounty to Sou?" Qian said, "I constantly supply the sacrificer because he is constant in filial thought. Indeed, " Critics considered Qian a gentleman. shunyang and the several others received Sou's encouragement and guidance and entered somewhat into literary circles.
25
高閭曾造其家，值叟短褐曳柴，從田歸舍，為閭設濁酒蔬食，皆手自辦集。 其館宇卑陋，園疇褊局，而飯菜精潔，䤈醬調美。 見其二妾，並年衰跛眇，衣布穿弊。 閭見其貧約，以物直十餘匹贈之，亦無辭愧。 閭作宣命賦，叟為之序。 密雲左右，皆祗仰其德，歲時奉以麻布穀麥，叟隨分散之，家無餘財。 年八十而卒。
Gao Lü once visited his home and found Sou in short brown dragging firewood, returning from the fields to his house, and for Lü he set out coarse wine and plain food, all gathered by his own hand. The lodge was low and mean, his garden and fields cramped, yet the rice and dishes were refined and the sauces and pickles well seasoned. lü saw his two concubines, both aged, lame, and blind in one eye, in cloth clothes worn and torn. Lü, seeing his poverty, gave him goods worth more than ten bolts, and sou showed no embarrassment in accepting. lü composed the Xuanming fu and Sou wrote the preface for it. Those to left and right of Miyun all looked up to his virtue, and at the seasons they presented him with hemp cloth, grain, and wheat, and Sou distributed it as it came— the house held no surplus wealth. Indeed, He died at eighty.
26
叟元妻敦煌宋氏，先亡，無子，後庶養者，亦皆早夭，竟以絕後。 叟死，無有家人營主凶事，胡始昌迎而殯之于家，葬於墓次，即令一弟繼之，襲其爵始復男、虎威將軍。 叟與始昌雖為宗室，而性氣殊詭，不相好附，於其存也，往來乃簡，及亡而收恤至厚，議者以為非必敦哀疏宗，或緣求利品秩也。
Sou's first wife was Lady Song of Dunhuang; she died first and bore no sons; the concubines he later raised also all died young— in the end he had no posterity. When Sou died there was no family to manage the mourning; Hu Shichang received the coffin into his house and buried him beside the tomb mound, then had a younger brother succeed him, inheriting the title Baron of Shifu and General of Tiger Might. Sou and Shichang, though of the same clan, were utterly unlike in temperament and did not favor each other, and in Sou's lifetime their coming and going was sparse, yet after death the care shown was very thick— critics thought it was not necessarily true filial grief toward a distant kinsman, but perhaps seeking profit in rank and stipend.
27
宋繇，字體業，敦煌人也。 曾祖配，祖悌，世仕張軌子孫。 父尞，張玄靚龍驤將軍、武興太守。 繇生而尞為張邕所誅。 五歲喪母，事伯母張氏以孝聞。 八歲而張氏卒，居喪過禮。 繇少而有志尚，喟然謂妹夫張彥曰：「門戶傾覆，負荷在繇，不銜膽自厲，何以繼承先業！」 遂隨彥至酒泉，追師就學，閉室誦書，晝夜不倦，博通經史，諸子羣言，靡不覽綜。
Song Yao, whose courtesy name was Tiye, came from Dunhuang. The great-grandfather Pei and grandfather Ti for generations served the descendants of Zhang Gui. The father Liao was Dragon-cavalry General and Administrator of Wuxing under Zhang Xuanjing. yao was born just as Liao was executed by Zhang Yong. At five he lost his mother and served his aunt Lady Zhang with a reputation for filiality. At eight Lady Zhang died; he observed mourning beyond the rites. Yao from youth had high aims, and he sighed and said to his brother-in-law Zhang Yan, "The household has collapsed, and the burden lies on Yao— if I do not hold gall in my mouth and steel myself, how can I carry on the work of my forebears!" He then followed Yan to Jiuquan, sought teachers and pursued study, shut himself in a room to recite books day and night without weariness, and ranged broadly through the classics, histories, and all schools of discourse.
28
呂光時，舉秀才，除郎中。 後奔段業，業拜繇中散、常侍。 繇以業無經濟遠略，西奔李暠，歷位通顯。 家無餘財，雅好儒學，雖在兵難之間，講誦不廢，每聞儒士在門，常倒屣出迎，停寢政事，引談經籍。 尤明斷決，時事亦無滯也。
In Lü Guang's time he was recommended as a cultivated talent and made Gentleman. Afterward, he fled to duan ye; ye appointed yao palace counsellor and regular attendant. yao, because Ye lacked far-reaching economic strategy, fled west to Li Gao and rose through prominent posts. The family had no surplus wealth, and he loved the Confucian arts by nature, and even amid military troubles he did not cease lecturing and reciting, and whenever he heard a Confucian at the door he would rush out with shoes reversed, suspend government affairs, and lead discussion of the classics. He served as especially clear in judgment, and in current affairs as well there was no delay.
29
沮渠蒙遜平酒泉，於繇室得書數千卷，鹽米數十斛而已。 蒙遜歎曰：「孤不喜克李歆，欣得宋繇耳。」 拜尚書吏部郎中，委以銓衡之任。 蒙遜之將死也，以子牧犍委託之。 牧犍以繇為左丞，送其妹興平公主於京師。 世祖拜繇為河西王右丞相，賜爵清水公，加安遠將軍。 世祖并涼州，從牧犍至京師。 卒，諡曰恭。
When Juqu Mengxun pacified Jiuquan, in Yao's house he found several thousand scrolls of books and only a few dozen hu of salt and grain. Mengxun sighed and said, "I do not rejoice at conquering Li Xin, and i rejoice at obtaining Song Yao." He was appointed Director of the Ministry of Personnel in the Secretariat and entrusted with evaluation and selection. Once Mengxun was about to die he entrusted his son Mujian to Yao. mujian made Yao Left Chancellor and sent his sister the Princess of Xingping to the capital. Emperor Shizu appointed Yao Right Chancellor to the Prince of Hexi, enfeoffed him Duke of Qingshui, and gave him the additional title General Who Pacifies the Distant. Once the emperor annexed Liang Province, Yao followed Mujian to the capital. In his death his posthumous title was Gong.
30
長子巖，襲爵，改為西平侯。
His eldest son Yan inherited the title, which was changed to Marquis of Xiping.
31
巖子蔭，中書議郎、樂安王範從事中郎。 卒，贈輔國將軍、咸陽太守。
yan's son Yin was Secretariat Discussion Gentleman and staff officer to Prince Fan of Le'an. In his death he was posthumously made State-supporting General and Administrator of Xianyang.
32
子超，尚書度支郎。
The son Chao was Secretariat Revenue Section Gentleman.
33
超弟稚，字季預。 師事安邑李紹伯，受諸經傳。 性清嚴，治家如官府。 太和中，拜司徒屬。 又以例降，除西中府戶曹參軍，轉并州城陽王鸞城局參軍。 景明二年，拜白水縣令。 在縣十一年，頗得民和。 遷青州勃海太守。 正光三年，卒。
Chao's younger brother Zhi, whose courtesy name was Jiyu. He took Li Shaobo of Anyi as teacher and received all the classics and transmissions. Indeed, By nature pure and strict, he ran his household like a government office. Indeed, In the Taihe reign he was appointed an aide in the Ministry of Education. Again, by the usual demotion rule, he was made Household Records Officer in the Western Center headquarters, then transferred to garrison bureau officer under Prince Yang of Chengyang in Bing Province. Indeed, In the second year of Jingming he was appointed Magistrate of Baishui County. In the county eleven years he won considerable harmony among the people. He served as transferred to Administrator of Bohai in Qing Province. Indeed, In the third year of Zhengguang he died.
34
子遊道，武定末，太尉長史。
The son Youdao, at the end of Wuding, was chief clerk to the Grand Marshal.
35
張湛，字子然，一字仲玄，敦煌人，魏執金吾恭九世孫也。 湛弱冠知名涼土，好學能屬文，沖素有大志。 仕沮渠蒙遜，黃門侍郎、兵部尚書。 涼州平，入國，年五十餘矣，賜爵南浦男，加寧遠將軍。 司徒崔浩識而禮之。 浩注易，敍曰：「國家西平河右，敦煌張湛、金城宗欽、武威段承根三人，皆儒者，並有儁才，見稱於西州。 每與余論易，余以左氏傳卦解之，遂相勸為注。 故因退朝之餘暇，而為之解焉。」 其見稱如此。 湛至京師，家貧不粒，操尚無虧，浩常給其衣食。 每歲贈浩詩頌，浩常報答。 及浩被誅，湛懼，悉燒之。
Zhang Zhan, whose courtesy name was Ziran and who was also styled Zhongxuan, came from Dunhuang and was ninth-generation descendant of Wei Commandant of the Capital Guards Gong. At twenty Zhan was known throughout the Liang region; he loved learning and could compose writing, was unassuming, and had great aims. Indeed, He served Juqu Mengxun as Yellow Gate Attendant and Minister of War. When Liang Province was pacified he entered the state, already past fifty; he was enfeoffed Baron of Nanpu and given the additional title General Who Pacifies the Distant. minister over the Masses Cui Hao recognized and honored him. In his preface to his commentary on the Changes, Hao wrote: "When the state pacified the west and He-you, Zhang Zhan of Dunhuang, Zong Qin of Jincheng, and Duan Chenggen of Wuwei— all three Confucians with outstanding talent, praised in the western provinces. Each time they discussed the Changes with me, I explained the hexagrams by the Zuo Commentary, and we urged one another to produce commentaries. Therefore in the spare time after leaving court I composed explanations for them. Indeed, " He was praised in this way. Once Zhan reached the capital his family was so poor they had no grain; his conduct and integrity were unimpaired, and Hao often supplied his food and clothing. Indeed, Each year he presented Hao with poems and eulogies, and Hao always replied. Once Hao was executed Zhan feared and burned them all.
36
兄懷義，閑粹有才幹。 遭母憂，哀毀過人，服制雖除，而蔬糲弗改。 卒于征西參軍。
The elder brother Huaiyi was refined and pure with talent and ability. Once his mother died his grief and ruin surpassed others; though the mourning period ended, he did not change his plain vegetables and coarse grain. Indeed, He died as staff officer on the western campaign.
37
長子廣平，高平令。
The eldest son Guangping was Magistrate of Gaoping.
38
宗欽，字景若，金城人也。 父燮，字文友，呂光太常卿。 欽少而好學，有儒者之風，博綜羣言，聲著河右。 仕沮渠蒙遜，為中書郎、世子洗馬。 欽上東宮侍臣箴曰：「恢恢玄古，悠悠生民。 五才迭用，經敍彝倫。 匡父維子，弼君伊臣。 顛而能扶，屈而能申。 昔在上聖，妙鑒厥趣。 不曰我明，而乖其度。 不曰我新，而忽其故。 如彼在泉，臨深是懼。 [3]如彼覆車，望途改步。 是以令問宣流，英風遠布。 及於三季，道喪純遷。 桀起瓊臺，紂醊糟山。 周滅妖姒，羿喪以田。 險詖蔽其耳目，鄭衞陳於其前。 怙才肆虐，異端是纏。 豈伊害身，厥胤殲焉。 茫茫禹跡，畫為九區。 昆蟲鳥獸，各有巢居。 雲歌唐后，垂橫美虞。 疏網改祝，殷道攸敷。 龍盤應德，隨蛇銜珠。 勿謂無心，識命不殊。 勿謂理絕，千載同符。 爰在子桓，靈數攸臻。 儀形徐阮，左右劉陳。 披文採友，叩典問津。 用能重離襲曜，魏鼎維新。 於昭儲后，運應玄籙。 夕惕乾乾，虛衿遠屬。 外撫幽荒，內懷焭獨。 猶懼思不逮遠，明不遐燭。 君有諍臣，庭立謗木。 本枝克昌，永符天祿。 微臣作箴，敢告在僕。」
Zong Qin, whose courtesy name was Jingruo, came from Jincheng. His father Xie, whose courtesy name was Wenyou, was Grand Master of Splendid Happiness under Lü Guang. Qin from youth loved learning, had the air of a Confucian, ranged broadly through all schools of discourse, and his fame resounded west of the Yellow River. Indeed, He served Juqu Mengxun as Secretariat Gentleman and Groom of the Heir Apparent. Qin presented an Admonition for Eastern Palace Attendants, saying: "Vast, vast the dark antiquity, and long, long the living folk. The five talents rotate in use, and the classics set out constant norms. To correct the father and sustain the son, to assist the ruler— ministers like Yi. Upright when overturned yet able to support, and bent yet able to straighten. of old the highest sages subtly discerned this aim. Indeed, Not saying "I am enlightened" yet straying from its measure. Indeed, Not saying "I am new" yet neglecting what is old. like one beside a spring, in deep places he fears. Indeed, [3] Like one beside an overturned cart, seeing the road he changes step. Therefore good repute spreads abroad, and heroic wind reaches far. Indeed, By the three degenerate ages the Way was lost and purity shifted. Jie raised the Jade Terrace, and zhou piled the Mountain of Dregs. Zhou destroyed the evil Mo, and yi lost his state through fields. Peril and deceit blocked their ears and eyes, and zheng and Wei were set before them. Relying on talent they acted wildly, and heterodox ways entangled them. did they only harm themselves? Their heirs were destroyed. Vast, vast the traces of Yu, and the land was drawn into nine regions. insects, birds, and beasts— each had its nest and dwelling. Cloud songs for the lord of Tang, and hanging banners praised Yu. Loose nets changed the sacrifice, and the Yin Way was broadly spread. The dragon coiled responding to virtue, and the snake followed, holding a pearl. Do not say they were without mind, and they knew fate was not different. Do not say principle was cut off, and through a thousand ages the seal is the same. It came to the age of Zihuan, and the numinous tally was at hand. He took Xu and Ruan as models, and at his left and right Liu and Chen. He spread writing and chose friends, and knocked at the canon and asked the ford. Thus he could renew the doubled radiance, and the Wei tripod was made new. Indeed, How glorious the Heir Apparent— his fortune matched the dark tally. Evening vigil, morning diligence, and empty breast, far-reaching aim. Without he soothed the dark frontier, and within he cherished the orphaned and alone. Still he feared his thought did not reach far, his clarity did not shine distant. The ruler has remonstrating ministers, and in the court stands the slander-wood. The root branches flourish, and forever matching heaven's blessing. This humble servant composes an admonition— I dare report it to the attendant.".
39
世祖平涼州，入國，賜爵臥樹男，加鷹揚將軍，拜著作郎。 欽與高允書曰：「昔皇綱未振，華裔殊風，九服分隔，金蘭莫遂，希懷寄契，延想積久。 天遂其願，爰遘京師。 才非季札，而眷深孫喬； 德乖程子，而義均傾蓋。 曠齡罕遇，會之一朝。 比公私理異，詶諮路塞，端拱蓬宇，歎慨如何？ 不量鄙拙，貢詩數韻。 若夫泉江相忘之談，遺言存意之美，雖莊生之所尚，非淺識所宜循。 愛敬既深，情期往返，思遲德意，以袪鄙吝。 若能紆鳳彩以燿榛薈，迴連城以映瓦礫者，是所望也。」 詩曰：「嵬峨恒嶺，滉瀁滄溟。 山挺其和，水燿其精。 啟茲令族，應期誕生。 華冠眾彥，偉邁羣英。 〈其一〉 於穆吾子，含貞藉茂。 如彼松竹。 陵霜擢秀。 味老思沖，玩易體復。 戢翼九臯，聲溢宇宙。 〈其二〉 我皇龍興，重離疊映。 剛德外彰，柔明內鏡。 乾象奄氣，坤厚山競。 風無殊音，俗無異徑。 〈其三〉 經緯曰文，著述曰史。 斟酌九流，錯綜幽旨。 帝用詶諮，明發虛擬。 廣闢四門，披延髦士。 〈其四〉 爾應其求，翰飛東觀。 口吐瓊音，手揮霄翰。 彈毫珠零，落紙錦粲。 墳無疑割，典無滯泮。 〈其五〉 山降則謙，含柔為信。 林崇日漸，明升斯進。 有邈夫子，兼茲四慎。 弱而難勝，通而不峻。 〈其六〉 南、董邈矣，史功不申。 固傾佞竇，雄穢美新。 遷以陵腐，邕由卓泯。 時無逸勒，路盈摧輪。 〈其七〉 尹佚謨周，孔、明述魯。 抑揚羣致，憲章三五。 昂昂高生，纂我遐武。 勿謂古今，建規易矩。 〈其八〉 自昔索居，沉淪西藩。 風馬既殊，標榜莫緣。 開通有運，闇遇當年。 披衿暫面，定交一言。 〈其九〉 諮疑祕省，訪滯京都。 水鏡叔度，洗吝田蘇。 望儀神婉，即象心虛。 悟言禮樂，採研詩書。 〈其十〉 履霜悼遷，撫節感變。 嗟我年邁，迅踰激電。 進乏田賜，退非回憲。 素髮掩玄，枯顏落蒨。 〈其十一〉 文以會友，友由知己。 詩以明言，言以通理。 盻坎迷流，覿艮闇止。 伊爾虬光，四鱗曲水。」 〈其十二〉
Once Emperor Shizu pacified Liang Province, Qin entered the state and was enfeoffed Baron of Woling, given the additional title General of Hawkish Might, and appointed Drafting Secretary. Qin wrote to Gao Yun: "Of old the imperial net was not yet spread, and the Chinese and barbarians had different customs, and the nine domains were divided, and golden orchid could not reach— rare was the heart that lodged its bond, and longing piled up through long years. Indeed, Heaven fulfilled our wish and we met in the capital. my talent is not that of Ji Zha, yet my affection is deeper than Sun Qiao; my virtue falls short of Master Cheng, yet my righteousness equals leaning the canopy. Indeed, Rarely in a broad age does one meet— we met in a single morning. Lately public and private affairs differ in principle, and the road of consultation is blocked, and i sit upright in my thatched house— how can I not sigh? Indeed, Not measuring my vulgar awkwardness, I present several stanzas of poetry. As for the talk of forgetting each other like the Spring and River, the beauty of leaving words to preserve intent— though Zhuangzi admired it, it is not what shallow understanding should follow. Love and respect being already deep, feeling and appointment go back and forth— think long on virtue's intent to remove vulgar stinginess. If you could trail phoenix splendor to brighten the brambles, turn a string of cities to reflect on roof-tiles— that is what I hope for." The poem says: "Lofty, lofty Mount Heng, and vast, vast the blue sea. The mountain lifts its harmony, and the water shines its essence. It opens this fine clan, and responding to the age they are born. Floral crown among the multitude of worthies, and lofty beyond the host of talents. 〈one〉 of solemn grace our lord, he holds purity and borrows abundance. like pine and bamboo. through frost he lifts his splendor. Tasting age, he thinks of depth, and playing with the Changes, his body returns. He folds his wings at the nine marshes, and his voice overflows the universe. 〈two〉 Our emperor the dragon rises, and doubled radiance piles reflection. Firm virtue shines without, and soft clarity mirrors within. The qian image swallows breath; kun's thickness races with mountains. The wind has no special sound; custom knows no different path. 〈three〉 The warp and woof we call pattern; what is written we call history. He weighs the nine streams and interweaves hidden aims, in the manner of the original verse. The emperor uses counsel; bright he rises in empty design. Broadly he opens the four gates and extends to eminent scholars, in the manner of the original verse. 〈four〉 You answer his request; brush flying at the Eastern Observatory. Your mouth pours jade tone; your hand wields sky-brush. Flick ink— pearls scatter; paper falls— brocade gleams. In the tombs no doubtful cuts; in the canon no stagnant shallows. 〈five〉 When the mountain descends then modesty; holding softness is trust. The forest grows daily; brightness rises and thus advances. There is our distant master, combining these four cautions, in the manner of the original verse. Soft yet hard to overcome; penetrating yet not steep. 〈six〉 Nan and Dong are far away; the historian's work is not declared. Gu leaned toward the flatterer Dou; Xiong fouled the Mei Xin. Qian was ruined by the corrupting mound; Yong was destroyed through Zhuo. The age had no leisure to inscribe; the road was full of broken wheels. 〈seven〉 Yi Yin planned for Zhou; Confucius and Ming described Lu. He raised and lowered the host of themes; he took the Three and Five as his model. Lofty, lofty Master Gao, continuing our distant martial way, in the manner of the original verse. Do not say ancient and modern— establish rule and change measure, in the manner of the original verse. 〈eight〉 From old living alone, sunk in the western frontier, in the manner of the original verse. Wind and horse already differed; we had no ladder to each other's banner. Opening the way had its fortune; in darkness we met in that year. We spread our lapels for a moment's face; one word fixed friendship. 〈nine〉 Consulting doubts in the secretariat; visiting stagnation in the capital. The water-mirror Shudu; washing stinginess, field and Su. Gazing at your bearing, spirit gentle; approaching your image, mind empty. Enlightened talk of ritual and music; gathering and refining poetry and books. 〈ten〉 Treading frost I mourn the shift; stroking the season I feel change. Alas, my years advance, swift beyond flashing lightning, in the manner of the original verse. Advancing I lack Tian's gift; retiring I am not like Hui's modesty. Plain hair covers black; withered face loses its red. 〈eleven〉 Writing joins friends; friends come through knowing the self. Poetry clarifies speech; speech penetrates principle. Looking at the pit, lost in the stream; seeing the mountain, darkness stops. You, dragon-light, four scales curve with the water.", in the manner of the original verse. 〈twelve〉
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允答書曰：「頃因行李，承足下高問，延佇之勞，為日久矣。 王途一啟，得敍其懷，欣於相遇，情無有已。 足下兼愛為心，每能存顧，養之以風味，惠之以德音。 執玩反覆，銘於心抱。 吾少乏尋常之操，長無老成之致，憑賴賢勝，以自克勉，而來喻褒飾，有過其分。 既承雅贈，即應有答，但唱高則難和，理深則難詶，所以留連日月，以至於今。 今往詩一篇，誠不足標明來旨，且表以心。 幸恕其鄙滯，領其至意。」 詩曰：「湯湯流漢，藹藹南都。 載稱多士，載擢靈珠，邈矣高族，世記丹圖。 啟基郢城，振彩涼區。 〈其一〉 吾生朗到，誕發英風。 紹熙前緒，奕世克隆。 方圓備體，淑德斯融。 望傾羣儁，響駭華戎。 〈其二〉 響駭伊何？ 金聲允著。 匡贊西藩，拯厥時務。 肅志琴書，恬心初素。 潛思淵渟，秀藻雲布。 〈其三〉 上天降命，祚鍾有代。 協燿紫宸，與乾作配。 仁邁春陽，功隆覆載。 招延隱叟，永貽大賚。 〈其四〉 伊余櫟散，才至庸微。 遭緣幸會，忝與樞機。 竊名華省，厠足丹墀。 愧無螢燭，少益天暉。 〈其五〉 明升非諭，信漸難兼。 體卑處下，豈曰能謙。 進不弘道，退失淵潛。 既慚朱闕，亦愧閭閻。 〈其六〉 史、班稱達，楊、蔡致深。 負荷典策，載蹈於心。 四轍同軌，覆車相尋。 敬承嘉誨，永佩明箴。 〈其七〉 遠思古賢，內尋諸己。 仰謝丘明，長揖南史。 遐武雖存，高蹤難擬。 夙興夕惕，豈獲恬止。 〈其八〉 世之圮矣，靈運未通。 風馬殊隔，區域異封。 有懷西望，路險莫從。 王澤遠灑，九服來同。 〈其九〉 在昔平吳，二陸稱寶。 今也克涼，吾生獨矯。 道映儒林，義為羣表。 我思與之，均於紵縞。 〈其十〉 仁乏田蘇，量非叔度。 韓生屬降，林宗仍顧。 千載曠遊，遘茲一遇。 藻詠風流，鄙心已悟。 〈其十一〉 年時迅邁，物我俱逝。 任之斯通，擁之則滯。 結駟貽塵，屢空亦弊。 兩間可守，安有回、賜。 〈其十二〉 詩以言志，志以表丹。 慨哉刎頸，義已中殘。 雖曰不敏，請事金蘭。 爾其勵之，無忘歲寒。」 [4]
Yun wrote back: "Just now, by traveling courier, I received your honored inquiry; I have waited a long time for this. Once the imperial road opened, I could speak my heart; I rejoiced at our meeting, and my feeling has no end. You, sir, love inclusively; you always look after me, nourishing me with kindness and gracing me with virtuous words. I read it again and again and keep it close in my heart. I have lacked ordinary conduct since youth and never attained mature achievement in age; I rely on worthy men to restrain myself, yet your praise goes beyond what I deserve. Having received your fine gift, I ought to answer; but when the tune is high it is hard to harmonize, and when the principle is deep it is hard to respond— so I have delayed from day to month until now. Today I send a poem— it truly cannot mark your intent, yet it shows what is in my heart. Please forgive its vulgar awkwardness and accept its full meaning." The poem says: "Surging, surging flows the Han; lush, lush the southern capital. It is called rich in gentlemen; it plucks the spirit pearl— far is that lofty clan, age after age recording the cinnabar chart. It opened its foundation at Ying city; shook its colors in the Liang region. 〈one〉 My life bright and reaching; birth sent forth heroic wind. Continuing the former thread; age after age glorious descent. Square and round complete in body; pure virtue melts and blends. Gazing, he tops the host of worthies; his echo startles Chinese and barbarian. 〈two〉 What startles? . Golden sound is truly manifest.. He assists the western frontier and saves the affairs of the age, in the manner of the original verse. With solemn aim in zither and books; a tranquil heart in primal simplicity. Hidden thought like a deep pool; fine blossoms spread like clouds. 〈three〉 Heaven sends its command; fortune bell struck for this age. Harmonious radiance at the Purple Court; paired with qian. Benevolence surpasses spring sun; merit towers over heaven's burden. He summons hidden elders; forever bestowing great bounty. 〈four〉 I, a scattered oak, talent only mediocre and slight, in the manner of the original verse. Meeting fate by fortunate chance, I am shamed to stand in the pivot's machine, in the manner of the original verse. I steal a name in the flowering secretariat; my foot stands on the cinnabar steps. Ashamed I have no firefly candle; little I add to heaven's light. 〈five〉 Bright rising is not by instruction; trust gradually is hard to combine. The body is low and stands below— can one say it is modesty?, in the manner of the original verse. Advancing I do not spread the Way; retiring I lose the deep pool. I am shamed before the vermilion gate; I am shamed before the lane gate. 〈six〉 Shi and Ban are called penetrating; Yang and Cai reached depth. Bearing the canon's strategy, I tread it in the heart, in the manner of the original verse. Four ruts share the track; overturned carts follow in succession. Respectfully I receive fine instruction; forever I wear bright admonition. 〈seven〉 Far I think on ancient worthies; within I seek myself. I bow to Qiu Ming; long I salute the southern historian. Distant martial ways still exist; lofty tracks are hard to match. Rising early, evening vigil— how can I obtain rest?, in the manner of the original verse. 〈eight〉 The age was broken; numinous fortune had not opened. Wind and horse were specially apart; regions were differently sealed. With longing I gazed west; the road was perilous and I could not follow. The king's grace sprinkled far, the nine domains came alike. 〈nine〉 When Wu was pacified of old, the two Lus were hailed as treasures. Now that Liang is taken, I alone stand tall among the living. His Way illumines the Confucian forest; his righteousness is the model for all. I would share with him as equals in coarse silk. 〈ten〉 In benevolence I fall short of Tian and Su; in stature I am no Shudu. Han Sheng bowed in submission; Lin Zong still turned to look back. A thousand years of empty wandering— and we meet in this one encounter. His literary grace and flowing manner— my vulgar heart is already enlightened. 〈eleven〉 Years and seasons rush onward; things and we both pass away. Release it and the Way opens; cling to it and you stagnate. Teams of four horses raise dust; yet repeated emptiness is also a flaw. Both ends can be kept— where are Hui and Ci? 〈twelve〉 Poetry speaks the will; the will shows the heart's red. Indeed, Alas, the severed neck— righteousness is already half broken. Though I am called not keen, I ask to serve the golden orchid bond. You must encourage it, and do not forget the year's cold. End of poem; footnote marker [4].
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崔浩之誅也，欽亦賜死。 欽在河西，撰蒙遜記十卷，無足可稱。
When Cui Hao was executed, Qin was condemned to death as well. While in Hexi he compiled a ten-juan Record of Mengxun, not worth mention.
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弟舒，字景太。 蒙遜庫部郎中。 與兄同歸國，賜爵句町男，加威遠將軍。 名亞於兄。 子孫皆衰替。
His younger brother Shu, whose courtesy name was Jingtai. He was Director of the Treasury under Mengxun. He returned with his elder brother and was enfeoffed Baron of Gouding, with the additional title General of Awesome Might. His fame stood second to his elder brother's. His descendants all declined in standing.
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段承根，武威姑臧人，自云漢太尉熲九世孫也。 父暉，字長祚，身長八尺餘，師事歐陽湯，湯甚器愛之。 有一童子，與暉同志。 後二年，童子辭歸，從暉請馬。 暉戲作木馬與之。 童子甚悅，謝暉曰：「吾太山府君子，奉敕遊學，今將欲歸。 煩子厚贈，無以報德。 子後位至常伯，封侯。 非報也，且以為好。」 言終，乘木馬騰空而去。 暉乃自知必將貴也。 乞伏熾磐以暉為輔國大將軍、涼州刺史、御史大夫、西海侯。 磐子暮末襲位，國政衰亂，暉父子奔吐谷渾暮璝，暮璝內附，暉與承根歸國。 世祖素聞其名，頗重之，以為上客。 後暉從世祖至長安，有人告暉欲南奔，世祖問曰：「何以知之？」 告者曰：「暉置金於馬韉中，不欲逃走，何由爾也？」 世祖密遣視之，果如告者之言，斬之於市，曝尸數日。 時有儒生京兆林白奴欽暉德音，夜竊其尸，置之枯井。 女為敦煌張氏婦，久而聞之，乃向長安收葬。
Duan Chenggen came from Guzang in Wuwei and claimed descent from Han Grand Commandant Ying, nine generations removed. His father Hui, whose courtesy name was Changzuo, stood more than eight feet tall; he studied under Ouyang Tang, who greatly prized him. Indeed, There was a youth who shared Hui's aims. Indeed, Two years later the youth took leave to return and asked Hui for a horse. hui in jest made him a wooden horse. The youth was delighted and thanked Hui: "I am a gentleman of the Taishan prefecture, sent to study by command; now I must return. I trouble you for a generous gift and have no virtue with which to repay it. You will later reach Regular Attendant and be enfeoffed marquis. It is not repayment— only to seal our friendship." When he finished he mounted the wooden horse and soared into the air. Hui then knew he was destined for eminence. Chiqian of the Fu clan made Hui State-supporting Grand General, Governor of Liang Province, Imperial Secretary, and Marquis of Xihai. When Chiqian's son Mumo succeeded, the state decayed; Hui and his son fled to Murong Mujun of the Tuyuhun, and when Mujun submitted inward, Hui and Chenggen returned. emperor Shizu had long heard his name and greatly valued him, making him a senior guest. Later when Hui followed the emperor to Chang'an, someone reported he intended to flee south. The emperor asked, "How do you know?" The informant said, "Hui placed gold in his saddlebags— if he did not wish to flee, why else?" The emperor sent men to look and it was as reported; Hui was beheaded in the market and his corpse exposed several days. At that time the Confucian Lin Bainu of Jingzhao admired Hui's virtue; at night he stole the corpse and placed it in a dry well. His daughter had married into the Zhang clan of Dunhuang; long afterward she heard and went to Chang'an to collect and bury him.
44
承根好學、機辯，有文思，而性行疏薄，有始無終。 司徒崔浩見而奇之，以為才堪注述，言之世祖，請為著作郎，引與同事。 世咸重其文而薄其行。 甚為敦煌公李寶所敬待，承根贈寶詩曰：「世道衰陵，淳風殆緬。 衢交問鼎，路盈訪瓕。 徇競爭馳，天機莫踐。 不有真宰，榛棘誰揃。 〈其一〉 於皇我后，重明襲煥。 文以息煩，武以靜亂。 剖蚌求珍，搜巖采幹。 野無投綸，朝盈逸翰。 〈其二〉 自昔涼季，林焚淵涸。 矯矯公子，鱗羽靡託。 靈慧雖奮，祅氛未廓。 鳳戢崐丘，龍潛玄漠。 〈其三〉 數不常擾，艱極則夷。 奮翼幽裔，翰飛京師。 珥蟬紫闥，杖節方畿。 弼我王度，庶績緝熙。 〈其四〉 自余幽淪，眷參舊契。 庶庇餘光，優游卒歲。 忻路未淹，離轡已際。 顧難分歧，載張載繼。 〈其五〉 聞諸交舊，累聖疊曜。 淳源雖漓，民懷餘劭。 思樂哲人，靜以鎮躁。 藹彼繁音，和此清調。 〈其六〉 詢下曰文，辨訐曰明。 化由禮洽，政以寬成。 勉崇仁教，播德簡刑。 傾首景風，遲聞休聲。」 〈其七〉
Chenggen loved learning and was clever in debate, with literary gifts, yet by nature loose and unreliable, starting things he did not finish. Cui Hao saw him and marveled, thinking his talent fit commentary; he spoke to Emperor Shizu, who made him Drafting Secretary and drew him into collaboration. The age valued his writing but despised his conduct. He was greatly respected by Prince Li of Dunhuang; Chenggen presented Bao with a poem: "The age declines; pure wind nearly perishes. At the crossroads they contend for the tripod; the road is full of gem-seekers. Racing in pursuit they gallop, and heaven's mechanism none treads. Without the true ruler, who will clear the brambles?. 〈one〉 How glorious our empress— doubled radiance heaped bright. By pattern to quiet vexation; by martial arts to still disorder. Split the clam to seek the pearl; search the cliffs for dry timber. In the wild none cast the line; at court retiring brush overflowed. 〈two〉 Indeed, From the Liang season of old, forests burned and pools dried. lofty, lofty the young lord— scales and feathers had nowhere to lodge. Indeed, Spirit wisdom though it stirred, demonic vapors were not cleared. The phoenix folded at Kunqiu, and the dragon hid in dark vastness. 〈three〉 Numbers do not always disturb; at extremity of hardship comes ease. He flaps wings in the dark frontier; brush flies to the capital. Earring cicada at the purple gate, and staff and tally in the square domain. He assists our king's measure; many achievements gather bright. 〈four〉 Since I was sunk in the dark, I cherished our old bond. may I shelter in your remaining light and pass the year at ease. The glad road not yet flooded; parting reins already at the border. looking back at hard division— now stretched, now gathered. 〈five〉 I hear from friends of old— sage piled on sage. Though the pure source runs thin, the people keep its remaining strength. I think with joy on the wise man, and stillness quells rashness. Lush is that complex tone— harmonize with this clear tune. 〈six〉 Inquiring below is called pattern, and distinguishing accusations is called clarity. Transformation through ritual harmony, and government through leniency succeeds. Exhort to honor benevolent teaching, and spread virtue and simplify punishment. I bow my head to the fair wind, slow to hear the restful sound.". 〈seven〉
45
浩誅，承根與宗欽等俱死。 承根外孫長水校尉南陽張令言，美鬚髯，言談舉止，有異武人。 李琰之、李神儁，一時名士，並稱美之。
When Hao was executed, Chenggen died together with Zong Qin and others. His grandson by a daughter, Zhang Lingyan, Commandant of Everflowing Waters of Nanyang— fine beard and mustache, speech and conduct unlike a soldier. li Yanzhi and Li Shenjun, famous men of the time, both praised him.
46
闞駰，字玄陰，敦煌人也。 祖倞，有名於西土。 父玟，為一時秀士，官至會稽令。 駰博通經傳，聰敏過人，三史羣言，經目則誦，時人謂之宿讀。 注王朗易傳，學者藉以通經。 撰十三州志，行於世。 蒙遜甚重之，常侍左右，訪以政治損益。 拜祕書考課郎中，給文吏三十人，典校經籍，刊定諸子三千餘卷。 加奉車都尉。 牧犍待之彌重，拜大行，遷尚書。 姑臧平，樂平王丕鎮涼州，引為從事中郎。 王薨之後，還京師。 家甚貧弊，不免飢寒。 性能多食，一飯至三升乃飽。 卒，無後。
Yan Yin, whose courtesy name was Xuanyin, came from Dunhuang. The grandfather Liang was famed in the western lands. His father Min was a talent of the age and reached Magistrate of Kuaiji. Yin mastered the classics and transmissions, clever beyond others; the Three Histories and all schools— at a glance he could recite; men called him an overnight reader. He annotated Wang Lang's commentary on the Changes, and scholars relied on it to master the classics. He compiled the Gazetteer of the Thirteen Provinces, which circulated in the world. Mengxun greatly valued him, kept him at his side, and consulted on government gains and losses. He was appointed Secretariat Examination Gentleman, given thirty clerical officials, and charged with collating the classics and editing more than three thousand juan of the masters. He served as given the additional title Commandant of the Imperial Carriage. mujian treated him still more heavily, appointing him Grand Messenger and promoting him to the Secretariat. Once Guzang was pacified, Prince Ping of Le'an pacified Liang Province and drew Yin as staff officer. Indeed, After the prince died he returned to the capital. His family was very poor; he could not escape hunger and cold. By nature he ate heavily; one meal took three sheng before he was full. He died without posterity.
47
劉昞，字延明，敦煌人也。 父寶，字子玉，以儒學稱。 昞年十四，就博士郭瑀學。 時瑀弟子五百餘人，通經業者八十餘人。 瑀有女始笄，妙選良偶，有心於昞。 遂別設一席於坐前，謂諸弟子曰：「吾有一女，年向成長，欲覓一快女壻，誰坐此席者，吾當婚焉。」 昞遂奮衣來坐，神志肅然，曰：「向聞先生欲求快女壻，昞其人也。」 瑀遂以女妻之。
Liu Bing, whose courtesy name was Yanming, came from Dunhuang. His father Bao, whose courtesy name was Ziyu, was famed for Confucian learning. In fourteen Bing went to study with Erudite Guo Yu. Yu had more than five hundred disciples; more than eighty had mastered the classics. Yu had a daughter just come of age; he sought a fine son-in-law and favored Bing. He set a separate seat before the assembly and said, "I have a daughter nearly grown and seek a fine son-in-law— whoever sits here shall marry her." Bing swept his robe, sat down with solemn bearing, and said, "I hear you seek a fine son-in-law— I am the man." yu then gave him his daughter in marriage.
48
昞後隱居酒泉，不應州郡之命，弟子受業者五百餘人。 李暠私署，徵為儒林祭酒、從事中郎。 暠好尚文典，書史穿落者親自補治，昞時侍側，前請代暠。 暠曰：「躬自執者，欲人重此典籍。 吾與卿相值，何異孔明之會玄德。」 遷撫夷護軍，雖有政務，手不釋卷。 暠曰：「卿注記篇籍，以燭繼晝。 白日且然，夜可休息。」 昞曰：「朝聞道，夕死可矣，不知老之將至，孔聖稱焉。 昞何人斯，敢不如此。」 昞以三史文繁，著略記百三十篇、八十四卷，涼書十卷，敦煌實錄二十卷，方言三卷，靖恭堂銘一卷，注周易、韓子、人物志、黃石公三略，並行於世。
Later Bing lived in seclusion at Jiuquan, ignored provincial orders, and taught more than five hundred disciples. li Gao privately appointed him Libationer of the Forest of Scholars and Attendant. Gao loved the literary canon; when books were worn he repaired them himself, and Bing would offer to do it for him. gao said, "When I handle it myself I want men to value these classics. You and I have met— how is it different from Kongming meeting Xuande?". He became Pacify-the-Barbarians Protector of the Army; though he held office he never laid book from hand. Gao said, "You annotate texts by candle into daylight. Even by day it is so— at night you should rest." Bing said, "Hear the Way in the morning and one may die at evening— not knowing old age nears, as Confucius praised. What sort of man is Bing that he dares not do likewise?" Because the Three Histories were cumbersome, Bing composed Outline Records in 130 pieces and 84 juan, Liang History, Dunhuang Veritable Records, Dialect, the Jinggong Hall inscription, and commentaries on the Changes, Han Feizi, Records of Men, and the Three Strategies— all circulating in the world.
49
蒙遜平酒泉，拜祕書郎，專管注記。 築陸沉觀於西苑，躬往禮焉，號「玄處先生」，學徒數百，月致羊酒。 牧犍尊為國師，親自致拜，命官屬以下皆北面受業焉。 時同郡索敞、陰興為助教，並以文學見舉，每巾衣而入。
Once Mengxun pacified Jiuquan, Bing was appointed Secretariat Gentleman in charge of annotation. He built the Sunken-in-the-Land Observatory in the western park; Mengxun paid ritual respect in person and styled him Master of the Hidden Abode; hundreds of disciples presented sheep and wine monthly. Mujian honored him as National Teacher, bowed in person, and ordered all officials to face north and receive instruction. Su Chang and Yin Xing of the same commandery were assistant teachers, recommended for literary learning, each entering in scholar's dress.
50
世祖平涼州，士民東遷，夙聞其名，拜樂平王從事中郎。 世祖詔諸年七十以上聽留本鄉，一子扶養。 昞時老矣，在姑臧，歲餘，思鄉而返，至涼州西四百里韭谷窟，[5]遇疾而卒。 昞六子。
When Emperor Shizu pacified Liang Province, he had long heard Bing's name and appointed him staff officer to Prince Ping of Le'an. The emperor decreed that those over seventy might remain in their native districts with one son to support them. Bing was then old in Guzang; after a year he longed for home and returned; at Jiugu Cave west of Liang Province [5] he fell ill and died. bing had six sons.
51
長子僧衍，早亡。
The eldest son Sengyan died young.
52
次仲禮，留鄉里。
Indeed, The second, Zhongli, remained in the native district.
53
次字仲，次貳歸，少歸仁，並遷代京。 後分屬諸州，為城民。 歸仁有二子，長買奴，次顯宗。
The third Zi, fourth Ergui, and fifth Shaoguiren all moved to the capital of Dai. Afterward, they were assigned to various provinces as garrison commoners. Shaoguiren had two sons, Mainu and Xianzong.
54
太和十四年，尚書李沖奏，昞河右碩儒，今子孫沉屈，未有祿潤，賢者子孫宜蒙顯異。 於是除其一子為郢州雲陽令。 正光三年，太保崔光奏曰：「臣聞太上立德，其次立功、立言。 死而不朽，前哲所尚； 思人愛樹，自古稱美。 故樂平王從事中郎敦煌劉昞，著業涼城，遺文茲在，篇籍之美，頗足可觀。 如或愆釁，當蒙數世之宥，況乃維祖逮孫，相去未遠，而令久淪皂隸，不獲收異，儒學之士，所為竊歎。 臣忝職史教，[6]冒以聞奏，乞敕尚書，推檢所屬，甄免碎役，用廣聖朝旌善繼絕。 敦化厲俗，於是乎在。」 四年六月詔曰：「昞德冠前世，蔚為儒宗，太保啟陳，深合勸善。 其孫等三家，特可聽免。」 河西人以為榮。
In Taihe 14 Secretariat Director Li Chong memorialized that Bing was a great He-you scholar whose descendants languished without stipend— worthy descendants ought to receive favor. Thereupon one son was made Magistrate of Yunyang in Ying Province. In Zhengguang 3 Grand Guardian Cui Guang memorialized: "I hear the highest establishes virtue, next merit, next words. To die yet not perish— the sages honored this; thinking of a man, loving his tree— from old called beautiful. Liu Bing, staff officer to Prince Ping of Le'an, established his work in Liang; his writings remain and are worth viewing. Fault might win pardon for generations; how much more when forebears and descendants are near— yet they sink among the black-clad; Confucians sigh for this. I venture this memorial, begging the Secretariat examine and exempt petty service, to broaden honoring good and continuing the cut off. uplifting transformation and stern custom lie in this." In month 6 of year 4 an edict said: "Bing's virtue topped former ages; he was patriarch of Confucians; the Grand Guardian's memorial fits encouraging good. His grandsons and three families are specially exempted." Indeed, The people of Hexi took it as glory.
55
趙柔，字元順，金城人也。 少以德行才學知名河右。 沮渠牧犍時，為金部郎。 世祖平涼州，內徙京師。 高宗踐阼，拜為著作郎。 後以歷効有績，出為河內太守，甚著仁惠。 柔嘗在路得人所遺金珠一貫，價直數百縑，柔呼主還之。 後有人與柔鏵數百枚者，柔與子善明鬻之於市。 有從柔買，索絹二十匹。 有商人知其賤，與柔三十匹，善明欲取之。 柔曰：「與人交易，一言便定，豈可以利動心也。」 遂與之。 搢紳之流，聞而敬服焉。 其推誠秉信，皆此類也。 隴西王源賀採佛經幽旨，作祗洹精舍圖偈六卷，柔為之注解，咸得理衷，為當時儁僧所欽味焉。 又憑立銘讚，頗行于世。
Zhao Rou, whose courtesy name was Yuanshun, came from Jincheng. From youth he was known west of the Yellow River for virtue, conduct, talent, and learning. Under Juqu Mujian he was Director of the Gold Bureau. When Emperor Shizu pacified Liang Province he was moved to the capital. Once Emperor Gaozong ascended he was appointed Drafting Secretary. Later for accumulated merit he went out as Administrator of Henei, very noted for benevolence. Rou once found a lost string of gold pearls worth hundreds of bolts of silk and called the owner to return them. Later someone gave Rou several hundred plowshares; he and his son Shanming sold them in the market. A buyer asked for twenty bolts of silk. A merchant knew they were cheap and offered thirty bolts; Shanming wanted to accept. Rou said, "In trade one word fixes the bargain— how can profit move the heart?" He sold to the first man. Gentry who heard it admired and submitted. His sincerity and faith were all of this kind. Wang Yuanhe of Longxi composed six juan of Jetavana verses; Rou annotated them to the admiration of eminent monks. Indeed, He also composed inscriptions and eulogies that circulated in the world.
56
子默，字沖明。 武威太守。
His son Mo, whose courtesy name was Chongming. He was Administrator of Wuwei.
57
索敞，字巨振，敦煌人。 為劉昞助教，專心經籍，盡能傳昞之業。 涼州平，入國，以儒學見拔，為中書博士。 篤勤訓授，肅而有禮。 京師大族貴遊之子，皆敬憚威嚴，多所成益，前後顯達，位至尚書牧守者數十人，皆受業於敞。 敞遂講授十餘年。 敞以喪服散在眾篇，遂撰比為喪服要記。 其名字論文多不載。 後出補扶風太守，在位清貧，未幾卒官。 時舊同學生等為請，[7]詔贈平南將軍、涼州刺史，諡曰獻。
Suo Chang, whose courtesy name was Juzhen, came from Dunhuang. He was Liu Bing's assistant teacher, devoted to the classics, fully transmitting Bing's enterprise. When Liang Province was pacified he entered the state and was made Secretariat Erudite for his learning. Earnest in instruction, stern yet courteous. Sons of great clans feared his severity and gained much; dozens who became directors and governors had studied under Chang. chang lectured for more than ten years. Because mourning garments were scattered through many texts, Chang compiled Essentials of Mourning Garments. Indeed, Many of his names, titles, and essays are not recorded. Later he went out as Administrator of Fufeng; pure and poor in office, he soon died. Old students petitioned [7]; an edict posthumously made him General Who Pacifies the South and Governor of Liang, posthumous title Xian.
58
敞子僧養，中書議郎、京兆太守。
chang's son Sengyang was Secretariat Discussion Gentleman and Administrator of Jingzhao.
59
僧養子演貴，征東府參軍。
sengyang's son Yangui was staff officer in the Pacify-the-East headquarters.
60
演貴子懷真，字公道。 武定末，侍御史。
Yangui's son Huaizhen, whose courtesy name was Gongdao. In the end of Wuding he was Attending Censor.
61
初，敞在州之日，與鄉人陰世隆文才相友。 世隆至京師，被罪徙和龍，屆上谷，困不前達，土人徐能抑掠為奴。 五年，敞因行至上谷，遇見世隆，語其由狀，對泣而別。 敞為訴理，得免。 世隆子孟貴，性至孝，每向田耘耨，早朝拜父，來亦如之。 鄉人欽其篤於事親。 陰仲達，武威姑臧人。 祖訓，字處道，仕李暠為武威太守。 父華，字季文，姑臧令。 仲達少以文學知名。 世祖平涼州，內徙代都。 司徒崔浩啟仲達與段承根云，二人俱涼土才華，同修國史。 除祕書著作郎。 卒。
Earlier in the province he and townsman Yin Shilong were friends in literary talent. Shilong reached the capital, was exiled to Helong; at Shanggu Xu Neng made him a slave. In year 5 Chang reached Shanggu, met Shilong, wept and parted. chang pleaded his case and he was freed. Shilong's son Menggui was utmost filial; each day he bowed to his father before leaving for the fields and on return. townsmen admired his devotion to parents. Yin Zhongda came from Guzang in Wuwei. His grandfather Xun, whose courtesy name was Chudao, served Li Gao as Administrator of Wuwei. His father Hua, whose courtesy name was Jiwen, was Magistrate of Guzang. zhongda from youth was known for literary learning. When Emperor Shizu pacified Liang Province he was moved to the capital of Dai. Cui Hao memorialized that Zhongda and Duan Chenggen, both Liang talents, should together revise the national history. He served as appointed Secretariat Drafting Gentleman. He died.
62
華次子周達，徐州平南司馬、太山太守。
Hua's second son Zhouda was Pacify-the-South staff officer of Xu Province and Administrator of Taishan.
63
周達子遵和，小名虎頭。 好音律，尚武事。 初為高祖挽郎，拜奉朝請，後廣平王懷取為國常侍。 遵和便辟善事人，深為懷所親愛。 轉司空法曹、太尉中兵參軍。 又為汝南王悅郎中令，復被愛信。 稍遷龍驤將軍、驍騎將軍、豫州都督，鎮懸瓠。 孝莊末，除左將軍、行豫州刺史。 時前行州事元崇禮被徵將還，既聞尒朱兆入洛，遂矯殺遵和，擅攝州任。 後追贈平南將軍、涼州刺史。
zhouda's son Zunhe, childhood name Tiger Head. Indeed, He loved music and valued martial affairs. At first he was a dirge officer for Emperor Gaozu, then Court Attendant; Prince Huai of Guangping took him as regular attendant. zunhe was facile and good at pleasing people, deeply loved by Huai. He was transferred to law officer of the Minister of Works and Grand Marshal middle army staff officer. Again he was Director of the Palace Bureau to Prince Yue of Runan and again loved and trusted. Soon he was made General of the Dragon, General of Valiant Cavalry, and Overseer of Yu Province, garrisoning Xuanchi. In the end of Emperor Xiaozhuang's reign he was made General of the Left and acting Governor of Yu Province. Yuan Chongli, then handling provincial affairs, was summoned back; hearing Erzhu Rong had entered Luoyang, Zunhe falsely killed Chongli and seized the province. Later he was posthumously made General Who Pacifies the South and Governor of Liang Province.
64
遵和兄子道方，性和雅，頗涉書傳，深為李神儁所知賞。 神儁為前將軍、荊州刺史，請道方為其府長流參軍。 神儁曾使道方詣蕭衍雍州刺史蕭綱論邊事，道方風神沉正，為綱所稱。 正光末，蕭綱遣其軍主曹義宗等擾動邊蠻，神儁令道方馳傳向新野，處分軍事。 於路為土因村蠻所掠，送於義宗，義宗又傳致襄陽，仍送於蕭衍，囚之尚方。 孝昌中，始得還國。 既至，拜奉朝請，轉員外散騎侍郎。 孝莊初，遷尚書左民郎中，修起居注。 永安二年，詔道方與儀曹郎中王元旭使於蕭衍。 至南兗州，有詔追還。 轉安東將軍、光祿大夫，領右民郎中。 太昌初卒，年四十二。 人士咸嗟惜之。 贈撫軍將軍、荊州刺史。
Zunhe's nephew Daofang was mild and refined, had read in books and histories, and was deeply admired by Li Shenjun. Shenjun was Forward General and Governor of Jing and took Daofang as chief flowing clerk. Shenjun sent Daofang to Prince Gang of Liang to discuss the frontier; Daofang's bearing was grave and correct and Gang praised him. At the end of Zhengguang Prince Gang sent Cao Yizong to stir frontier tribes; Shenjun ordered Daofang to Xinye to handle military affairs. On the road he was seized by Tuyin village barbarians, sent to Yizong, then to Xiangyang and Xiao Yan, and imprisoned in the Imperial Workshop. In Xiaochang he was at last able to return. On arrival he was appointed Court Attendant and Outer Court Cavalier Attendant. In early Xiaozhuang he was Secretariat Left People Gentleman and revised the Veritable Records. In Yongan 2 an edict sent Daofang with Wang Yuanxu as envoys to Xiao Yan. At southern Yan Province an edict recalled them. He was transferred General Who Pacifies the East and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, concurrently Right People Gentleman. In early Taichang he died at forty-two. Men of standing all sighed in regret. He was posthumously made General Who Pacifies the Army and Governor of Jing Province.
65
史臣曰：趙逸等皆通涉經史，才志不羣，價重西州，有聞東國，故於流播之中，拔泥滓之上。 人之不可以無能，信也。 胡叟顯晦之間，優遊無悶，亦一世之異人乎？
The historiographer says: Zhao Yi and the others all mastered classics and histories, with uncommon talent and aims; prized in the west and known in the east— amid exile they were lifted from the mud. Indeed, That a man cannot be without ability— it is true. Hu Sou, between obscurity and brightness, wandered without care— was he not a man apart in his age?
66
校勘記
collation notes
67
於郯城借假節以為軍威張森楷云：「『假』當作『遐』。 上云『以遐持節、假平東將軍』，則假者將軍，非假節也。」 按張說是，通鑑卷一四七 〈四五九九頁〉 作「借趙遐節以為軍威」，即用此傳語，僅加一「趙」字，則司馬光所見魏書正作「遐」。
On borrowing a false staff at Tancheng for military prestige: Zhang Senkai says " 'False' should read 'Xia'. Above it says Xia held Bearer of the Staff as acting General Who Pacifies the East— "acting" modifies the general, not the staff." Zhang is correct; Comprehensive Mirror juan 147 〈page 4599〉 reads "borrowed Zhao Xia's staff for military prestige," using this passage with only "Zhao" added— thus Sima Guang's Book of Wei had "Xia."
68
河東裴定宗等謂潛曰諸本「河」作「江」，北史卷三四胡叟傳作「河」。 按裴氏是河東大姓，「江」字訛，今據改。
Pei Dingzong of Hedong said to Qian: editions read "river" for "He"; Northern History juan 34 reads "He." The Pei are a great Hedong clan; "river" is an error, corrected here.
69
如彼在泉臨深是懼按「泉」本當作「淵」，用詩「如臨深淵」語，當是唐人避諱追改。 下宗欽傳，欽與高允書「若夫泉江相忘之談」，「泉」亦當是「淵」字諱改。
"Spring" should be "abyss," from the Odes "as if beside a deep abyss"— likely a Tang taboo alteration. In Zong Qin's letter to Gao Yun, "forgetting each other like the Spring and River"— "spring" should likewise be "abyss" under taboo.
70
無忘歲寒殿本考證云：「詩凡十三章，此句下應如前注『其十三』三字。」
Do not forget the year's cold: Palace Edition notes the poem has thirteen chapters and a "thirteen" tag should appear here as before.
71
至涼州西四百里韭谷窟百衲本「韭」作「［上非下灬］」，諸本作「韭」，北史卷三四劉延明傳作「韮」。 諸本此字下並有注云：「本或作『悲』，亦作『匪』。」 按晉書卷九四郭瑀傳云：「隱於臨松薤谷，鑿石窟而居。」 「薤」即「韭」「韮」，臨松在涼州西，敦煌東，劉昞死地當即郭瑀隱居之處。 「［上非下灬］」字不見字書，他本作「悲」或「匪」均「韭」字訛，今從諸本。
Four hundred li west of Liang Province at Jiugu (Leek) Gorge: the Palace Edition has a variant graph; standard editions and Northern History juan 34 (Liu Yanming) use the leek-gorge character. Editions note: "Some texts read grief or not." Jin History juan 94, Guo Yu: "He hid at Linsong Xiangu in a stone cave." Xiangu" is leek-gorge; Linsong lies west of Liang— Liu Bing's death place should be Guo Yu's retreat. The variant graph is not in dictionaries; readings "grief" or "not" are corruptions of the leek-gorge character— we follow the standard editions.
72
臣忝職史教諸本「教」作「敢」，獨百衲本作「教」。 李慈銘云：「當從宋本，以『教』字讀句，時光以司徒領著作，故曰『史教』。」 按李說是，若作「敢」，屬下讀，上云「臣忝職史」，語氣不完。 今從百衲本。
Shamed in the post of history instruction: editions read dare; only Palace Edition reads instruction. Li Ciming: follow the Song edition— Guang held the Secretariat and Drafting Office, hence "history instruction." If "dare," it belongs below and the clause above is incomplete. Indeed, We now follow the Palace Edition.
73
時舊同學生等為請北史卷三四索敞傳「請」下有「諡」字，疑此傳脫去。
Old students petitioned: Northern History juan 34 Suo Chang adds "posthumous title" after petition— possibly dropped here.