1
崔休裴延儁袁翻
Cui Xiu; Pei Yanjun; Yuan Fan
2
崔休，字惠盛，清河人，御史中丞逞之玄孫也。 祖靈和，仕劉義隆為員外散騎侍郎。 父宗伯，世宗初，追贈清河太守。 休少孤貧，矯然自立。 舉秀才，入京師，與中書郎宋弁、通直郎邢巒雅相知友。 尚書王嶷欽其人望，為長子娉休姊，贍以貨財，由是少振。 高祖納休妹為嬪，以為尚書主客郎。 轉通直正員郎，兼給事黃門侍郎。 休好學，涉歷書史，公事軍旅之隙，手不釋卷，崇尚先達，愛接後來，常參高祖侍席，禮遇次于宋、郭之輩。
Cui Xiu, whose courtesy name was Huisheng, came from Qinghe and was the great-great-grandson of Censor-in-Chief Cheng. His grandfather Linghe served under Liu Yilong as an Attendant Cavalry Regular Outside the Body. His father Zongbo was posthumously appointed Administrator of Qinghe at the start of Emperor Shizong's reign. Orphaned and poor in his youth, Xiu nevertheless held himself erect and made his own way. After being recommended as a Cultivated Talent, he went to the capital, where he formed close friendships with Zhongshu Lang Song Bian and Tongzhi Lang Xing Luan. Minister Wang Yi admired his reputation, betrothed his eldest son to Xiu's elder sister, and supplied him with goods and money, which helped lift him out of his early poverty. When Emperor Gaozu took Xiu's younger sister as a concubine, he appointed Xiu Director of Guests in the Ministry of Civil Office. He was transferred to Regular Attendant of the Palace Secretariat and concurrently served as Attendant Gentleman at the Yellow Gates. Xiu loved learning and had read widely in books and histories; even amid official duties and military campaigns he never put his books aside. He honored the great men of earlier generations and warmly received rising talent. He often sat at Emperor Gaozu's table, where he was treated with respect second only to figures such as Song and Guo.
3
高祖南伐，以北海王為尚書僕射，統留臺事，以休為尚書左丞。 高祖詔休曰：「北海年少，未閑政績，百揆之務，便以相委。」 轉長史，兼給事黃門侍郎。 後從駕南行。 及車駕還，幸彭城，汎舟泗水，詔在侍筵，觀者榮之。
When Emperor Gaozu marched south, he left the Prince of Beihai as Vice Minister of the Ministry to oversee the rear capital and appointed Xiu Left Director of the Ministry. Emperor Gaozu told Xiu, "The Prince of Beihai is still young and inexperienced in government. I am entrusting the affairs of the hundred offices to you." He was then transferred to Chief Clerk while retaining his concurrent post as Attendant Gentleman at the Yellow Gates. He later accompanied the emperor on the southern campaign. When the emperor returned, he visited Pengcheng and went boating on the Si River. Xiu was summoned to the imperial banquet, to the envy of all who saw it.
4
世宗初，休以弟亡，祖父未葬，固求勃海，於是除之。 性嚴明，雅長治體，下車先戮豪猾數人，廣布耳目，所在姦盜，莫不擒翦，百姓畏之，寇盜止息，清身率下，勃海大治。 時大儒張吾貴有盛名於山東，四方學士咸相宗慕，弟子自遠而至者恒千餘人。 生徒既眾，所在多不見容。 休乃為設俎豆，招延禮接，使肄業而還，儒者稱為口實。
Early in Emperor Shizong's reign, with his younger brother dead and his grandfather still unburied, Xiu repeatedly asked to be sent to Bohai and was finally appointed there. Stern and clear by nature, he was skilled in the arts of governance. As soon as he took office he executed several powerful local bullies and set up a wide network of informants. Thieves and wrongdoers were hunted down wherever they appeared. The people feared him, banditry died away, and by keeping himself incorrupt he set an example for his subordinates, so that Bohai was brought to excellent order. At that time the great scholar Zhang Wugui enjoyed wide fame in the eastern provinces. Scholars from all quarters looked up to him, and more than a thousand disciples regularly came from distant places to study with him. With so many students, many localities could not accommodate them. Xiu therefore set up ritual vessels, invited the scholars in, and treated them with courtesy so they could pursue their studies before returning home. Confucian scholars spoke of this for years afterward.
5
入為吏部郎中，遷散騎常侍，權兼選任。 休愛才好士，多所拔擢。 廣平王懷數引談宴，世宗責其與諸王交遊，免官。 後除龍驤將軍、洛州刺史。 在州數年，以母老辭州，許之。 尋行幽州事，徵拜司徒右長史。 休聰明強濟，雅善斷決，幕府多事，辭訟盈几，剖判若流，殊無疑滯，加之公平清潔，甚得時談。 復除吏部郎中，加征虜將軍、冀州大中正。 遷光祿大夫，行河南尹。 肅宗初，即真，加平東將軍。 尋除平北將軍、幽州刺史，進號安北將軍。 遷安東將軍、青州刺史。 青州九郡民單𢶏、李伯徽、劉通等一千人，上書訟休德政，靈太后善之。 休在幽青州五六年，皆清白愛民，甚著聲績，二州懷其德澤，百姓追思之。
He was recalled to the capital as Director in the Ministry of Personnel, then promoted to Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry with authority over selections and appointments. Xiu loved talent and advanced many worthy men. Prince Huai of Guangping repeatedly invited him to convivial gatherings. Emperor Shizong rebuked him for consorting with the princes and removed him from office. He was later appointed General of the Dragon Cavalry and governor of Luo Province. After several years in office he asked to leave the province because his mother was elderly, and his request was granted. He soon administered You Province on a provisional basis and was then summoned to serve as Right Chief Clerk under the Minister of Education. Clever, forceful, and resourceful, Xiu was adept at deciding cases. The staff office was overwhelmed with business, and lawsuits piled high on his desk, yet he disposed of them as swiftly as flowing water without the least delay. His fairness and integrity won high praise at court. He was again appointed Director in the Ministry of Personnel, with the additional titles General Who Subdues the Barbarians and Chief Rectifier of Ji Province. He was promoted to Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and served as acting Intendant of Henan. Early in Emperor Suzong's reign he received a regular appointment and was given the additional title General Who Pacifies the East. He was soon appointed General Who Pacifies the North and governor of You Province, with his title advanced to General Who Pacifies the North. He was transferred to General Who Pacifies the East and governor of Qing Province. A thousand men from Qing Province's nine commanderies, including Shan Jun, Li Bohui, and Liu Tong, submitted a memorial praising Xiu's virtuous rule, which Empress Dowager Ling commended. Over five or six years in You and Qing provinces, Xiu governed with integrity and genuine care for the people, winning a distinguished reputation in both. Long after he left, the people of both provinces remembered his benevolence.
6
徵為安南將軍、度支尚書，尋進號撫軍將軍、七兵尚書，又轉殿中尚書。 休久在臺閣，明習典禮，每朝廷疑議，咸取正焉。 諸公咸相謂曰：「崔尚書下意處，我不能異也。」 正光四年卒，年五十二。 賵帛五百匹，贈車騎將軍、尚書僕射、冀州刺史，諡文貞侯。
He was recalled as General Who Pacifies the South and Minister of Revenue, soon promoted to General Who Pacifies the Army and Minister of the Seven Armies, and later transferred to Minister of the Palace. Having long served in the central administration, Xiu was thoroughly versed in ritual and regulation. Whenever the court faced a doubtful point, his judgment was taken as authoritative. The senior ministers used to say to one another, "Where Minister Cui has made up his mind, I cannot disagree." He died in the fourth year of Zhengguang at the age of fifty-two. Five hundred bolts of silk were sent as funeral gifts. He was posthumously enfeoffed as General of Chariots and Cavalry, Vice Minister of the Ministry, and governor of Ji Province, with the posthumous title Marquis Wen Zhen.
7
休少而謙退，事母孝謹。 及為尚書，子仲文納丞相雍第二女，女妻領軍元叉長庶子祕書郎稚舒，挾恃二家，志氣微改，內有自得之心，外則陵藉同列。 尚書令李崇、左僕射蕭寶夤、右僕射元欽，皆以雍、叉之故，每憚下之。 始休母房氏欲以休女妻其外孫邢氏，休不欲，乃違其母情，以妻叉子，議者非之。 休有九子。
In his youth Xiu was modest and retiring, and he served his mother with filial care. After he became a minister, his son Zhongwen married the second daughter of Chancellor Yuan Yong, and his daughter married Zhishu, eldest son by a concubine of Chief Commander Yuan Cha and a secretary at court. Backed by these two powerful families, his bearing changed: inwardly he grew complacent, and outwardly he looked down on and bullied his colleagues. Minister Li Chong and Vice Ministers Xiao Baoyin and Yuan Qin, mindful of his ties to Yuan Yong and Yuan Cha, were each reluctant to assert rank over him. At first Xiu's mother, Lady Fang, had wanted to marry Xiu's daughter to her grandson of the Xing clan. Xiu refused and went against his mother's wishes by giving his daughter to Yuan Cha's son instead, for which critics censured him. Xiu had nine sons.
8
長子㥄，字長儒。 武定中，七兵尚書、武城縣開國公。
His eldest son was Lin, whose courtesy name was Changru. During the Wuding era he served as Minister of the Seven Armies and was enfeoffed as Marquis Who Founded the State of Wucheng County.
9
㥄弟仲文，散騎常侍。
Lin's younger brother Zhongwen served as Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry.
10
仲文弟叔仁，性輕俠，重衿期。 歷通直散騎侍郎、司徒司馬、散騎常侍，出為驃騎將軍、潁州刺史。 以貪汙為御史所劾。 興和中，賜死於宅。 臨刑，賦詩與諸弟訣別而不及其兄，以其不甚營救故也。
Zhongwen's younger brother Shuren was by nature free-spirited and chivalrous, and set great store by personal loyalty. He served successively as Attendant of Scattered Cavalry Outside the Body, marshal under the Minister of Education, and Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, and was later sent out as General of Agile Cavalry and governor of Ying Province. He was impeached by the censorate for corruption. During the Xinghe era he was ordered to take his own life at home. On the eve of his execution he composed a farewell poem for his younger brothers but made no mention of his elder brother, whom he blamed for failing to rescue him.
11
叔仁弟叔義，孝莊時為尚書庫部郎。 坐兄㥄鑄錢事發，合家逃逸，數日，叔義遂見執獲。 時城陽王徽為司州牧，臨淮王彧以非其身罪，驟為致言，徽不從，乃殺之。
Shuren's younger brother Shuyi served under Emperor Xiaozhuang as Director in the Ministry's Department of Storehouses. When his elder brother Lin's illegal coin-casting was exposed, the whole family fled. After several days Shuyi was caught. Prince Hui of Chengyang was then governor of Si Province. Prince Yu of Huaihai repeatedly pleaded for Shuyi on the grounds that the crime was not his own, but Hui refused and had him executed.
12
叔義弟子侃，以竊級為中書郎，為尚書左丞和子岳彈糾，失官。 後兼通直常侍，使於蕭衍，還，路病卒。
Shuyi's nephew Kan had obtained the post of Zhongshu Lang through improper means. Left Director He Ziyue of the Ministry impeached him and he was dismissed. He later served concurrently as Regular Attendant Outside the Body and was sent as envoy to Xiao Yan. He fell ill on the return journey and died on the road.
13
子侃弟子聿，武定末，東莞太守。 卒。
Kan's nephew Yu served at the end of the Wuding era as administrator of Dongguan. He died.
14
子聿弟子約，開府祭酒。
Yu's nephew Yue served as Libationer of the Opening Office.
15
休弟夤，字敬禮。 太子舍人，早卒。 贈樂安太守。 妻，安樂王長樂女晉寧主也，貞烈有德行。
Xiu's younger brother Yin, whose courtesy name was Jingli. He served as Attendant of the Heir Apparent and died young. He was posthumously appointed Administrator of Le'an. His wife was Princess Jinning, daughter of Prince Changle of Anle, a woman of steadfast integrity and virtue.
16
子長謙，好學修立，少有令名。 仕歷給事中，仍還鄉里。 久之，刺史尉景取為開府諮議參軍事。 晚頗以酒為損。 天平中，被徵兼主客郎，接蕭衍使張臯等。 後兼散騎常侍，使蕭衍。 還，卒於宿豫，時人歎惜之。 以死王事，贈驃騎將軍、南青州刺史。
His son Changqian loved learning, cultivated himself with integrity, and enjoyed a fine reputation from an early age. He served as Attendant Within the Gates and then returned to his home district. After some time Governor Wei Jing appointed him Consulting Army Officer of the Opening Office. In his later years drink did him considerable harm. During the Tianping era he was summoned to serve concurrently as Director of Guests and received the envoys of Xiao Yan, including Zhang Gao. He later served concurrently as Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry and was sent as envoy to Xiao Yan. He died at Suyu on his return journey, to the regret of his contemporaries. Because he died in the service of the state, he was posthumously enfeoffed as General of Agile Cavalry and governor of Southern Qing Province.
17
裴延儁，字平子，河東聞喜人，魏冀州刺史徽之八世孫。 曾祖天明，諮議參軍、并州別駕。 祖雙虎，河東太守。 卒，贈平遠將軍、雍州刺史，諡曰順。 父崧，州主簿，行平陽郡事。 以平蜀賊丁虫功，贈東雍州刺史。
Pei Yanjun, whose courtesy name was Pingzi, came from Wenxi in Hedong and was the eighth-generation descendant of Pei Hui, governor of Ji Province under Wei. His great-grandfather Tianming served as Consulting Army Officer and vice governor of Bing Province. His grandfather Shuanghu served as administrator of Hedong. After his death he was posthumously enfeoffed as General of Pacifying the Distance and governor of Yong Province, with the posthumous epithet Shun. His father Song served as provincial chief clerk and administered Pingyang commandery on a provisional basis. For his merit in suppressing the Shu bandit Ding Chong, he was posthumously appointed governor of Eastern Yong Province.
18
延儁少偏孤，事後母以孝聞。 涉獵墳史，頗有才筆。 舉秀才，射策高第，除著作佐郎。 遷尚書儀曹郎，轉殿中郎、太子洗馬，又領本邑中正及太子友。 太子恂廢，以宮官例免。 頃之，除太尉掾，兼太子中舍人。 世宗初，為散騎侍郎，尋除雍州平西府長史，加建威將軍，入為中書侍郎。
Partly orphaned in his youth, Yanjun became known for the filial devotion with which he served his stepmother. He read widely in the classics and histories and showed considerable literary talent. Recommended as a Cultivated Talent, he placed at the top of the policy examination and was appointed Assistant Gentleman Author. He was promoted to Director in the Ministry's Department of Rites, then transferred to Palace Attendant and Groom of the Heir Apparent, and also served as Chief Rectifier of his native district and Friend of the Heir Apparent. When Heir Apparent Xun was deposed, he was dismissed along with the other palace officials. Before long he was appointed aide to the Grand Commandant and concurrently served as Attendant of the Central Palace of the Heir Apparent. Early in Emperor Shizong's reign he served as Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, was soon appointed chief clerk of Yong Province's Pacify-the-West headquarters with the additional title General Who Establishes Might, and was then recalled to serve as Vice Director of the Palace Secretariat.
19
時世宗專心釋典，不事墳籍，延儁上疏諫曰：「臣聞有堯文思，欽明稽古； 媯舜體道，慎典作聖。 漢光神叡，軍中讀書； 魏武英規，馬上玩籍。 先帝天縱多能，克文克武，營遷謀伐，手不釋卷。 良以經史義深，補益處廣，雖則劬勞，不可暫輟。 斯乃前王之美實，後王之水鏡，善足以遵，惡足以誡也。 陛下道悟自深，淵鑒獨得，昇法座於宸闈，釋覺善於日宇，凡在聽矚，塵蔽俱開。 然五經治世之模，六籍軌俗之本，蓋以訓物有漸，應時匪妙，必須先粗後精，乘近即遠。 伏願經書玄覽，孔釋兼存，則內外俱周，真俗斯暢。」
At that time Emperor Shizong devoted himself to Buddhist scriptures and neglected the classics. Yanjun submitted a memorial of remonstrance, saying, "I have heard that Yao was cultured and thoughtful and reverently studied antiquity; Shun embodied the Way, carefully upheld the canon, and became a sage. Emperor Guangwu of Han was divinely perceptive and read books even in camp; Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, had heroic designs and delighted in the classics even from horseback. The late emperor was gifted by heaven with many talents, excelling in both civil and military affairs; even while planning relocations and campaigns he never put his books aside. This was because the classics and histories are profound in meaning and broadly beneficial; arduous though they are, they cannot be set aside even for a moment. They are the true glory of earlier kings and the mirror for later ones: their good deeds are fit to be followed, their faults fit to be warned against. Your Majesty has attained deep enlightenment in the Way and possesses unique insight. You have ascended the dharma seat in the inner palace and spread Buddhist awakening throughout the realm. All who hear you have had the dust of ignorance swept from their eyes. Yet the Five Classics are the model for governing the age and the Six Texts the foundation for guiding custom. Instruction must proceed step by step, and one cannot leap to subtle truths all at once. One must begin with the plain and advance to the refined, start from what is near and reach what is far. I humbly pray that Your Majesty will also study the classics and honor both Confucius and the Buddha, so that inner and outer cultivation may both be complete and the sacred and the secular may flourish together."
20
後除司州別駕，加鎮遠將軍。 及詔立明堂，羣官博議，延儁獨著一堂之論。 太傅、清河王懌時典眾議，讀而笑曰：「子故欲遠符僕射也。」 兼太子中庶子，尋即正，別駕如故，加冠軍將軍。 肅宗初，遷散騎常侍，監起居注，加前將軍，又加平西將軍，除廷尉卿。 轉平北將軍、幽州刺史。
He was later appointed vice governor of Si Province with the additional title General Who Pacifies the Distance. When an edict ordered the construction of the Bright Hall, officials debated the design at length. Yanjun alone wrote a treatise arguing for the single-hall plan. Grand Tutor Prince Yi of Qinghe, who was presiding over the debate, read it and laughed, saying, "You plainly wish to agree with the Vice Minister from afar." He was concurrently appointed Attendant of the Heir Apparent's Central Palace, soon received a regular appointment while retaining his post as vice governor, and was given the additional title General of the Victorious Army. Early in Emperor Suzong's reign he was promoted to Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry and put in charge of the Daily Records. He received the additional titles Forward General and General Who Pacifies the West and was appointed Minister of Punishments. He was transferred to General Who Pacifies the North and governor of You Province.
21
范陽郡有舊督亢渠，徑五十里； 漁陽燕郡有故戾陵諸堰，廣袤三十里。 皆廢毀多時，莫能修復。 時水旱不調，民多飢餒，延儁謂疏通舊跡，勢必可成，乃表求營造。 遂躬自履行，相度水形，隨力分督，未幾而就，溉田百萬餘畝，為利十倍，百姓至今賴之。 又命主簿酈惲修起學校，禮教大行，民歌謠之。 在州五年，考績為天下最。
In Fanyang commandery there was the old Dugang Canal, fifty li across; In Yuyang and Yan commanderies there were the old Liling dikes and weirs, covering thirty square li. All had long lain in ruins, and no one had been able to restore them. With floods and droughts out of balance and the people suffering famine, Yanjun argued that reopening the old waterways could surely succeed and submitted a memorial requesting their repair. He then went out in person, surveyed the watercourses, and assigned work according to local capacity. Before long the project was finished, irrigating more than a million mu of fields at ten times the former benefit, and the people still rely on it today. He also ordered Chief Clerk Li Yun to restore the schools. Ritual instruction flourished, and the people sang songs in praise of it. After five years in the province, his performance evaluation ranked first in the empire.
22
延儁繼母隨延儁在薊，時遇重患，延儁啟求侍母還京療治。 至都未幾，拜太常卿。 時汾州山胡恃險寇竊，正平、平陽二郡尤被其害，以延儁兼尚書，為西北道行臺，節度討胡諸軍。 尋遇疾，敕還。 三鵶羣蠻寇掠不已，車駕欲親征之，延儁乃於病中上疏諫諍。 尋除七兵尚書、安南將軍，徙殿中尚書，加中軍將軍，轉散騎常侍、中書令、御史中尉。 又以本官兼侍中、吏部尚書。 延儁在臺閣，守職而已，不能有所裁斷直繩也。 莊帝初，於河陰遇害。 贈都督雍岐豳三州諸軍事、儀同三司、本將軍、雍州刺史。
Yanjun's stepmother was with him in Ji when she fell gravely ill. Yanjun asked leave to bring her back to the capital for treatment. Shortly after reaching the capital he was appointed Minister of Ceremonies. At that time the mountain Hu of Fen Province used the rugged terrain for bandit raids, and Zhengping and Pingyang commanderies suffered most. Yanjun was appointed concurrent minister and head of the Northwest Route Mobile Office to direct the armies against the Hu. He soon fell ill and was ordered to return. The Three-Egret bandits continued their raids, and the emperor wished to campaign in person. From his sickbed Yanjun submitted a memorial of remonstrance. He was soon appointed Minister of the Seven Armies and General Who Pacifies the South, then transferred to Minister of the Palace with the additional title General of the Central Army, and later to Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, Director of the Palace Secretariat, and Censor-in-Chief. He retained his original post while concurrently serving as Attendant Within and Minister of Personnel. In the central administration Yanjun merely kept his post and could not enforce discipline with impartial rigor. Early in Emperor Zhuang's reign he was killed at Heyin. He was posthumously enfeoffed as commander-in-chief of military affairs in Yong, Qi, and Bin provinces, equal in rank to the Three Dukes, with his original general's title and as governor of Yong Province.
23
子元直，尚書郎中。 元直弟敬猷，員外常侍。 兄弟並有學尚，與父同時遇害。 元直贈光州刺史。 敬猷妻，丞相、高陽王雍外孫，超贈尚書僕射。
His son Yuanzhi served as Director in the Ministry. Yuanzhi's younger brother Jingyou served as Attendant Outside the Body. The brothers were all men of learning and perished together with their father. Yuanzhi was posthumously appointed governor of Guang Province. Jingyou's wife was the granddaughter of Chancellor Prince Yong of Gaoyang; she was extraordinarily posthumously enfeoffed as Vice Minister of the Ministry.
24
延儁從叔桃弓，亦見稱於鄉里。
Yanjun's paternal uncle Taogong was also praised in his native place.
25
子夙，字買興，沉雅有器識。 儀望甚偉，高祖見而異之。 自司空主簿，轉尚書左主客郎中。 時吏部尚書、任城王澄有知人鑒，每歎美夙，以遠大許之。 高祖南伐，為行臺吏部郎，仍除征北大將軍穆亮從事中郎。 轉為河北太守，以忠恕接下，百姓感之。 卒於郡，年四十三。
His son Su, whose courtesy name was Maixing, was deep, refined, and possessed insight. He was imposing in bearing and appearance, and Emperor Gaozu was struck by him at first sight. From chief clerk under the Minister of Works he was transferred to Left Director of Guests in the Ministry. Minister of Personnel Prince Cheng of Rencheng had a keen eye for talent and often praised Su, promising him a brilliant future. When Emperor Gaozu marched south, he served as Director of Personnel for the Mobile Office and was then appointed army aide to General Who Campaigns North Mu Liang. Transferred to administrator of Hebei, he treated his subordinates with loyalty and forbearance, and the people were deeply moved. He died in office at the age of forty-three.
26
長子範，字宗模。 早卒。
His eldest son was Fan, whose courtesy name was Zongmo. He died young.
27
範子凝，字長儒。 卒於武平鎮將。
Fan's son Ning, whose courtesy name was Changru. He died while serving as garrison general of Wuping.
28
範弟昇之、鑒。 武定末，昇之，太尉掾； 鑒，司徒右長史。
Fan's younger brothers were Shengzhi and Jian. At the end of the Wuding era Shengzhi served as aide to the Grand Commandant; Jian served as Right Chief Clerk under the Minister of Education.
29
延儁從祖弟良，字元賓。 起家奉朝請，[1]轉北中府功曹參軍。 世宗初，南絳縣令，稍遷并州安北府長史，入為中散大夫，領尚書考功郎中。
Yanjun's younger paternal cousin Liang, whose courtesy name was Yuanbin. He began his career as Court Gentleman for Attendance and was transferred to army officer of the Northern Center headquarters. Early in Emperor Shizong's reign he was magistrate of Nanjiang County, was gradually promoted to chief clerk of Bing Province's Pacify-the-North headquarters, entered the capital as Grand Master of Scattered Cavalry, and headed the Ministry's Department of Evaluations.
30
時汾州吐京羣胡薛羽等作逆，以良兼尚書左丞，為西北道行臺。 值別將李德龍為羽所破，良入汾州，與刺史、汝陰王景和及德龍率兵數千，憑城自守。 賊併力攻逼，詔遣行臺裴延儁，大都督、章武王融、都督宗正珍孫等赴援。 時有五城郡山胡馮宜都、賀悅回成等以妖妄惑眾，假稱帝號，服素衣，持白傘白幡，率諸逆眾，於雲臺郊抗拒王師。 融等與戰敗績，賊乘勝圍城。 良率將士出戰，大破之，於陣斬回成，復誘導諸胡令斬送宜都首。 又山胡劉蠡升自云聖術，胡人信之，咸相影附，旬日之間，逆徒還振。 德龍議欲拔城，良不許，德龍等乃止。 景和薨，以良為汾州刺史，加輔國將軍，行臺如故。 都督高防來援，復敗於百里候。 先是官粟貸民，未及收聚，仍值寇亂。 至是城民大飢，人相食。 賊知倉庫空虛，攻圍日甚，死者十三四。 良以飢窘，因與城人奔赴西河。 汾州之治西河，自良始也。 時南絳蜀陳雙熾等聚眾反，自號建始王，與大都督長孫稚、[2]宗正珍孫等相持不下。 詔良解州，為慰勞使。 轉太中大夫、本郡中正。
When the Tujing Hu of Fen Province, Xue Yu and others, rebelled, Liang was appointed concurrent Left Director of the Ministry and head of the Northwest Route Mobile Office. The separate general Li Delong had just been defeated by Yu. Liang entered Fen Province and, with the governor Prince Jinghe of Ruyin and Delong, led several thousand men to hold the city. The rebels combined their forces to press the siege. An edict dispatched Mobile Office Pei Yanjun, Commander-in-Chief Prince Rong of Zhangwu, and Commander Zongzheng Zhensun and others to relieve the city. Meanwhile the mountain Hu of Wucheng commandery, Feng Yidu, He Yue Huicheng, and others misled the people with demonic claims, proclaimed themselves emperors, dressed in white, carried white umbrellas and banners, and led the rebels to resist the imperial army at the outskirts of Yuntai. Rong and the others were defeated, and the rebels pressed their victory to besiege the city. Liang led his troops out to fight and won a great victory, beheading Huicheng on the field. He then induced the various Hu to cut off Yidu's head and send it in. Then the mountain Hu Liu Lisheng claimed sacred powers. The Hu believed him and flocked to him, and within ten days the rebels revived. Delong proposed abandoning the city, but Liang refused, and Delong and the others desisted. When Jinghe died, Liang was appointed governor of Fen Province with the additional title General Who Assists the State, retaining his Mobile Office post. Commander Gao Fang came to relieve them but was again defeated at Baili Ford. Official grain had earlier been lent to the people but not yet collected when the rebellion broke out. By then the people in the city were starving so badly that men ate one another. Knowing the storehouses were empty, the rebels pressed the siege ever harder, and three or four in ten of the defenders died. Driven by hunger and distress, Liang fled westward to Xihe with the people of the city. The relocation of Fen Province's seat to Xihe began with Liang. At that time the Shu of southern Jiang, Chen Shuangchi and others, gathered followers, proclaimed themselves King of Jianshi, and remained locked in stalemate with Commander-in-Chief Zhangsun Zhi and Zongzheng Zhensun. An edict released Liang from the governorship and appointed him Comforting Commissioner. He was transferred to Grand Master of the Palace and Chief Rectifier of his native commandery.
31
孝莊末，除光祿大夫。 尒朱榮死，榮從子天光擁眾關西，乃詔良持節、假安西將軍、潼關都督，又兼尚書，為河東、恒農、河北、宜陽行臺以備之。 前廢帝時，除征東將軍、金紫光祿大夫。 尋轉衞將軍，又加散騎常侍、車騎將軍、右光祿大夫，轉驃騎將軍、左光祿大夫。 出帝末，除汲郡太守。 孝靜初，衞大將軍、太府卿。 天平二年秋卒，時年六十一。 贈使持節、都督雍華二州諸軍事、吏部尚書、本將軍、雍州刺史，諡曰貞。 又重贈侍中、驃騎大將軍、尚書僕射，餘如故。
Late in Emperor Xiaozhuang's reign he was appointed Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. When Erzhu Rong died, his nephew Tian Guang gathered troops west of the passes. An edict appointed Liang Bearer of the Staff, acting General Who Pacifies the West and commander of Tong Pass, and concurrently minister as Mobile Office for Hedong, Hengnong, Hebei, and Yiyang to guard against him. Under the Deposed Former Emperor he was appointed General Who Campaigns East and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with the Golden Seal. He was soon transferred to General of the Guard, then given Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, General of Chariots and Cavalry, and Right Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, and later transferred to General of Agile Cavalry and Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. At the end of the Deposed Emperor's reign he was appointed administrator of Ji commandery. Early in Emperor Xiaojing's reign he served as Grand General of the Guard and Minister of the Treasury. He died in the autumn of the second year of Tianping at the age of sixty-one. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Bearer of the Staff, commander-in-chief of military affairs in Yong and Hua provinces, Minister of Personnel, with his original general's title and as governor of Yong Province, with the posthumous epithet Zhen. He was again posthumously enfeoffed as Attendant Within, Grand General of Agile Cavalry, and Vice Minister of the Ministry, with the rest unchanged.
32
子叔祉，武定末，太子洗馬。
His son Shuzhi served at the end of the Wuding era as Groom of the Heir Apparent.
33
良從父兄子慶孫，字紹遠。 少孤，性倜儻，重然諾。 釋褐員外散騎侍郎。
Liang's elder cousin's son Qingsun, whose courtesy name was Shaoyuan. Orphaned young, he was free-spirited by nature and prized keeping his word. Upon entering office he was Attendant Cavalry Regular Outside the Body.
34
正光末，汾州吐京羣胡薛悉公、馬牒騰並自立為王，聚黨作逆，眾至數萬。 詔慶孫為募人別將，招率鄉豪，得戰士數千人以討之。 胡賊屢來逆戰，慶孫身先士卒，每摧其鋒，遂深入至雲臺郊。 諸賊更相連結，大戰郊西，自旦及夕，慶孫身自突陳，斬賊王郭康兒。 [3]賊眾大潰。 敕徵赴都，除直後。
At the end of Zhengguang the Tujing Hu of Fen Province, Xue Xigong and Ma Dieteng, each proclaimed himself king, gathered followers, and rebelled, their forces reaching tens of thousands. An edict appointed Qingsun a separate general for recruiting troops. He rallied local magnates and raised several thousand warriors to attack them. The Hu rebels repeatedly gave battle. Qingsun led from the front, each time breaking their momentum, and advanced deep to the outskirts of Yuntai. The rebels joined forces and fought a great battle west of the suburb from dawn to evening. Qingsun himself charged the line and beheaded the bandit king Guo Kang'er. The rebel forces were utterly routed. He was summoned to the capital and appointed Direct Attendant.
35
於後賊復鳩集，北連蠡升，南通絳蜀，兇徒轉盛，復以慶孫為別將，從軹關入討。 至齊子嶺東，賊帥范多、范安族等率眾來拒，慶孫與戰，復斬多首。 乃深入二百餘里，至陽胡城。 朝廷以此地被山帶河，衿要之所，肅宗末，遂立邵郡，因以慶孫為太守、假節、輔國將軍、當郡都督。 民經賊亂之後，率多逃竄，慶孫務安緝之，咸來歸業。 永安中，還朝，除太中大夫。
Later the bandits gathered again, linking north with Lisheng and south with the Jiang Shu. As the rebels grew stronger, Qingsun was again made a separate general to enter through Zhi Pass and suppress them. East of Qizi Ridge the bandit chiefs Fan Duo and Fan Anzu led their forces to resist. Qingsun fought them and again beheaded Duo. He then advanced more than two hundred li to Yanghu City. Because this region was ringed by mountains and rivers and strategically vital, the court at the end of Emperor Suzong's reign established Shao commandery and made Qingsun its administrator with acting staff, General Who Assists the State, and commandery commander. After the turmoil of the rebellion most of the people had fled. Qingsun devoted himself to pacification until all returned to their occupations. During the Yongan era he returned to court and was appointed Grand Master of the Palace.
36
尒朱榮之死也，世隆擁眾北渡，詔慶孫為大都督，與行臺源子恭率眾追擊。 軍次太行，而慶孫與世隆密通，事泄，追還河內而斬之，時年三十六。
When Erzhu Rong died, Shilong gathered troops and crossed north. An edict made Qingsun Commander-in-Chief and, with Mobile Office Yuan Zigong, led troops in pursuit. The army halted at Taihang, but Qingsun secretly communicated with Shilong. When this was exposed he was recalled to Henei and beheaded at the age of thirty-six.
37
慶孫任俠有氣，鄉曲壯士及好事者，多相依附，撫養咸有恩紀。 在郡之日，值歲飢凶，四方遊客常有百餘，慶孫自以家糧贍之。 性雖粗武，愛好文流，與諸才學之士咸相交結，輕財重義，座客常滿，是以為時所稱。
Qingsun was chivalrous and high-spirited. Local stalwarts and adventurers attached themselves to him, and he treated them all with loyal care. While he was in the commandery a famine year came, and more than a hundred travelers from afar were often at his door. Qingsun fed them from his own household stores. Though rough and martial by nature, he loved men of letters and befriended every talented scholar. Light with wealth and heavy with righteousness, he always kept his hall full of guests, and for this he was praised by his contemporaries.
38
子子瑩，永安中，太尉行參軍。
His son Ziying served in the Yongan era as army officer under the Grand Commandant.
39
延儁從祖弟仲規，少好經史，頗有志節。 起家奉朝請，領侍御。 咸陽王禧為司州牧，辟為主簿，仍表行建興郡事。 車駕自代還洛，次於郡境，仲規備供帳朝於路側。 高祖詔仲規曰：「朕開置神畿，畿郡望重，[4]卿既首應司隸美舉，復督我名邦，何能自致也？」 仲規對曰：「陛下窮神盡聖，應天順民，棄彼玄壤，來宅紫縣。 臣方罄心力，躍馬吳會，冀功銘帝籍，勳書王府，豈一郡而已。」 高祖笑曰：「冀卿必副此言。」 車駕達河梁，見咸陽王，謂曰：「昨得汝主簿為南道主人，六軍豐贍，元弟之寄，殊副所望。」 尋除司徒主簿。 仲規父在鄉疾病，棄官奔赴，以違制免。 久之，中山王英征義陽，引為統軍，奏復本資。 於陳戰歿，時年四十八。 贈河東太守，諡曰貞。 無子，弟叔義以第二子伯茂為之後，伯茂在文苑傳。
Yanjun's younger paternal cousin Zhonggui loved the classics and histories from youth and possessed considerable resolve. He began his career as Court Gentleman for Attendance and headed palace attendance. Prince Xi of Xianyang, as governor of Si Province, recruited him as chief clerk and then memorialized that he administer Jianxing commandery on a provisional basis. When the emperor returned from Dai to Luoyong and halted within the commandery, Zhonggui prepared supplies and met him by the roadside. Emperor Gaozu said to Zhonggui, "I have established the divine capital, and the capital commandery bears heavy expectations. You were first chosen in the Inspectorate's fine recommendation and now govern my renowned commandery—how did you win this for yourself?" Zhonggui replied, "Your Majesty exhausts spirit and attains sagacity, responding to Heaven and following the people, leaving that northern land to dwell in the purple capital. I am about to exhaust my mind and strength, spur my horse toward Wu and Yue, and hope my merit may be inscribed in the imperial registers and my achievements recorded in the princely annals—not for a single commandery alone." Emperor Gaozu laughed and said, "I expect you will live up to these words." When the imperial carriage reached He Bridge and saw Prince Xianyang, he said, "Yesterday your chief clerk served as host on the southern road. The six armies were richly supplied—my younger brother's charge has greatly fulfilled my hopes." He was soon appointed chief clerk under the Minister of Education. When his father fell ill at home, Zhonggui abandoned his post to rush to him and was dismissed for violating regulations. After some time Prince Ying of Zhongshan campaigned against Yiyang, took him on as army commander, and memorialized to restore his original rank and salary. He fell in battle at Chen at the age of forty-eight. He was posthumously appointed administrator of Hedong with the posthumous epithet Zhen. He had no sons. His younger brother Shuyi made his second son Bomao his heir; Bomao appears in the Literary Garden treatise.
40
叔義，亦有學行。 高祖末，除兗州安東府外兵參軍，累遷太山太守，為政清靜，吏民安之。 遷司空從事中郎。 正光五年夏卒，時年五十七。 贈征虜將軍、東秦州刺史，諡曰宣。
Shuyi was also a man of learning and integrity. Late in Emperor Gaozu's reign he was appointed army officer of Yan Province's Pacify-the-East headquarters, rose to administrator of Taishan, and governed with purity and restraint so that officials and people alike were at peace. He was promoted to army aide under the Minister of Works. He died in the summer of the fifth year of Zhengguang at the age of fifty-seven. He was posthumously enfeoffed as General Who Campaigns Against the Barbarians and governor of Eastern Qin Province, with the posthumous epithet Xuan.
41
子景融，字孔明，篤學好屬文。 正光初，舉秀才，射策高第，除太學博士。 永安中，祕書監李凱以景融才學，啟除著作佐郎，稍遷輔國將軍、諫議大夫，仍領著作。 出帝時，議孝莊諡，事遂施行。 時詔撰四部要略，令景融專典，竟無所成。 元象中，儀同高岳以為錄事參軍。 弟景顏被劾廷尉獄。 景融入選，吏部擬郡，為御史中丞崔暹所彈，云其貪昧苟進，遂坐免官。 武定四年冬，病卒，年五十二。 景融卑退廉謹，無競於時。 雖才不稱學，而緝綴無倦，文詞汎濫，理會處寡。 所作文章，別有集錄。 又造鄴都、晉都賦云。
His son Jingrong, whose courtesy name was Kongming, was devoted to learning and loved to write. At the beginning of Zhengguang he was recommended as a Cultivated Talent, placed at the top of the policy examination, and appointed Erudite of the Imperial Academy. During the Yongan era Director of the Palace Library Li Kai, recognizing Jingrong's talent, had him appointed Assistant Gentleman Author. He was gradually promoted to General Who Assists the State and Remonstrating Grand Master while continuing to head the authorship office. Under the Deposed Emperor the court debated Emperor Xiaozhuang's posthumous title, and the decision was implemented. An edict then ordered the compilation of the Essentials of the Four Departments with Jingrong in sole charge, but in the end nothing was completed. In the Yuanxiang era Equal in Rank to the Three Dukes Gao Yue appointed him Recording Army Officer. His younger brother Jingyan was impeached and held in the Minister of Punishments' prison. When Jingrong entered the selection pool the Ministry of Personnel proposed him for a commandery post, but Censor-in-Chief Cui Xuan impeached him for greedy and unworthy advancement, and he was dismissed. He died of illness in the winter of the fourth year of Wuding at the age of fifty-two. Jingrong was humble, retiring, honest, and cautious, and sought no advantage in his times. Though his talent did not match his learning, he never tired of compiling and editing. His prose was diffuse, and passages of real insight were few. His writings were collected in a separate compilation. He also wrote the Rhapsodies on the Capitals of Ye and Jin.
42
景顏，頗有學尚。 起家汝南王開府行參軍。 孝莊初，為廣州防蠻別將，行漢廣郡事。 [5]元顥入洛，與刺史鄭先護據州起義，事寧，賜爵保城子。 以軍功稍遷太尉從事中郎，轉諮議參軍。 孝靜初，徙司空長史，在官貪穢。 武定二年，為中尉崔暹所劾，事下廷尉，遇疾死於獄，年四十五。
Jingyan possessed considerable learning and cultivation. He began his career as army officer of the Prince of Runan's Opening Office. Early in Emperor Xiaozhuang's reign he served as separate general for defense against the Man tribes of Guang Province and administered Han'guang commandery on a provisional basis. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, he and Governor Zheng Xianhu held the province and rose in loyal resistance. When the affair was settled he was enfeoffed as Viscount of Baocheng. For military merit he was gradually promoted to army aide under the Grand Commandant and then transferred to Consulting Army Officer. Early in Emperor Xiaojing's reign he was transferred to chief clerk under the Minister of Works, where he proved corrupt. In the second year of Wuding he was impeached by Censor Cui Xuan. The case went to the Minister of Punishments, but he fell ill and died in prison at the age of forty-five.
43
仲規弟子伯珍，歷襄威將軍、員外散騎郎、河西太守。 孝靜初，為平東將軍、滎陽太守，卒官，時年三十二。 贈本將軍、雍州刺史。
Zhonggui's nephew Bozhen served successively as General of Majestic Might, Attendant Cavalry Regular Outside the Body, and administrator of Hexi. Early in Emperor Xiaojing's reign he was General Who Pacifies the East and administrator of Xingyang. He died in office at the age of thirty-two. He was posthumously enfeoffed with his original general's title and as governor of Yong Province.
44
延儁族子禮和，解褐員外散騎侍郎，遷謁者僕射。 身長九尺，腰帶十圍，於羣眾之中，魁然有異。 出為陳留太守。 卒於金紫光祿大夫。
Yanjun's clansman Lihe, upon entering office, was Attendant Cavalry Regular Outside the Body and was promoted to Superintendent of Supplicants. He was nine chi tall with a ten-wei waist; among any crowd he stood out as exceptional. He was sent out as administrator of Chenliu. He died while serving as Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with the Golden Seal.
45
延儁族兄聿，字外興。 以操尚貞立，為高祖所知。 自著作佐郎出為北中府長史。 時高祖以聿與中書侍郎崔亮並清貧，欲以幹祿優之，乃以亮帶野王縣，聿帶溫縣，時人榮之。 轉尚書郎，遷太尉諮議參軍，出為平秦太守。 卒，贈冠軍將軍、洛州刺史。 子子袖，歿關西。
Yanjun's elder clansman Yu, whose courtesy name was Waixing. His integrity and uprightness won him recognition from Emperor Gaozu. From Assistant Gentleman Author he was sent out as chief clerk of the Northern Center headquarters. At that time Emperor Gaozu, seeing that Yu and Vice Director Cui Liang were both pure and poor, wished to favor them with supplemental salary. He gave Liang charge of Yewang County and Yu charge of Wen County, to the envy of their contemporaries. He was transferred to director in the Ministry, promoted to consulting army officer under the Grand Commandant, and sent out as administrator of Pingqin. After his death he was posthumously enfeoffed as General of the Victorious Army and governor of Luo Province. His son Zixiu died west of the passes.
46
延儁族人瑗，字珍寶。 太和中，析屬河北郡。 少孤貧，而清苦自立，太守司馬悅召為中正。 悅為別將，軍征義陽，引為中兵參軍。 瑗夙夜恭勤，為悅所知。 軍還，除奉朝請，轉給事中、汝南王悅郎中令。 悅散費無常，每國俸初入，一日之中分賜極意。 瑗每隨例，恒辭多受少，伺悅虛竭，還來奉貢。 悅雖性理不恒，然亦相賞愛。 悅遷太尉，請為從事中郎，轉驍騎將軍。 肅宗末，出為汝南太守，不行，轉太原太守。 屬肅宗崩，尒朱榮初謀赴洛，瑗豫其事，封五原縣開國子，邑三百戶。 尋行并州事，轉平北將軍、殷州刺史。 孝靜初，除衞將軍、東雍州刺史。 興和元年卒，年七十三。
Yanjun's clansman Yuan, whose courtesy name was Zhenbao. During the Taihe era his household was assigned to Hebei commandery. Orphaned and poor in youth, he maintained himself through purity and hardship. Administrator Sima Yue summoned him as Chief Rectifier. When Yue served as a separate general on the campaign against Yiyang, he recruited Yuan as central army officer. Yuan worked diligently from dawn to night and won Yue's trust. When the army returned he was appointed Court Gentleman for Attendance, then transferred to Attendant Within the Gates and chief clerk to Prince Yue of Runan. Yue's spending knew no limit. Whenever the state's stipend first arrived, he would distribute it all within a single day. Each time Yuan would, according to precedent, decline the larger share and accept less, then wait until Yue was spent and return what remained as tribute. Though Yue's temperament was unsteady, he also valued and loved Yuan. When Yue was promoted to Grand Commandant he asked for Yuan as army aide and later transferred him to General of Valiant Cavalry. Late in Emperor Suzong's reign he was appointed administrator of Runan but did not take up the post and was transferred to administrator of Taiyuan instead. When Emperor Suzong died, Erzhu Rong first plotted to march on Luoyang. Yuan took part and was enfeoffed as Marquis Who Founded the State of Wuyuan County with three hundred households. He soon administered Bing Province on a provisional basis and was transferred to General Who Pacifies the North and governor of Yin Province. Early in Emperor Xiaojing's reign he was appointed General of the Guard and governor of Eastern Yong Province. He died in the first year of Xinghe at the age of seventy-three.
47
子夷吾，武定末，徐州驃騎府長流參軍。
His son Yiwu served at the end of the Wuding era as chief flowing army officer under Xuzhou's Agile Cavalry headquarters.
48
袁翻，字景翔，陳郡項人也。 父宣，有才筆，為劉彧青州刺史沈文秀府主簿。 皇興中，東陽平，[6]隨文秀入國。 而大將軍劉昶每提引之，言是其外祖淑之近親，令與其府諮議參軍袁濟為宗。 宣時孤寒，甚相依附。 及翻兄弟官顯，與濟子洸、演遂各凌競，洸等乃經公府以相排斥。
Yuan Fan, whose courtesy name was Jingxiang, came from Xiang in Chen commandery. His father Xuan was a man of literary talent and served as chief clerk to Governor Shen Wenxiu of Qing Province under Liu Yu. In the Huangxing era Dongyang was pacified, and he followed Wenxiu into the northern state. Grand General Liu Chang repeatedly promoted him, saying he was a close kinsman of Chang's maternal grandfather Shuzhi, and had him treat Advisor Yuan Ji of his staff as a clansman. At that time Xuan was orphaned and poor and relied heavily on them. When the Fan brothers rose to prominence they contended with Ji's sons Guang and Yan, who then used the public offices to exclude one another.
49
翻少以才學擅美一時。 初為奉朝請。 景明初，李彪在東觀，翻為徐紇所薦，彪引兼著作佐郎，以參史事。 及紇被徙，尋解。 後遷司徒祭酒、揚烈將軍、尚書殿中郎。 正始初，詔尚書門下於金墉中書外省考論律令，翻與門下錄事常景、孫紹，廷尉監張虎，律博士侯堅固，治書侍御史高綽，前軍將軍邢苗，奉車都尉程靈虬，羽林監王元龜，尚書郎祖瑩、宋世景，員外郎李琰之，太樂令公孫崇等並在議限。 又詔太師、彭城王勰，司州牧、高陽王雍，中書監、京兆王愉，前青州刺史劉芳，左衞將軍元麗，兼將作大匠李韶，國子祭酒鄭道昭，廷尉少卿王顯等入預其事。 後除豫州中正。
Fan in his youth was celebrated throughout his generation for talent and learning. He first served as Court Gentleman for Attendance. Early in the Jingming era Li Biao was in the Eastern Pavilion. Recommended by Xu Hong, Fan was recruited by Biao as concurrent Assistant Gentleman Author to participate in historical work. When Hong was banished Fan was soon dismissed as well. He was later promoted to Libationer of the Minister of Education, General Who Raises the Fierce, and Director in the Palace of the Ministry. At the beginning of Zhengshi an edict ordered the Ministry and Yellow Gates to examine statutes at the outer secretariat in Jinyong. Fan joined Recorder Chang Jing and Sun Shao of the Yellow Gates, Supervisor Zhang Hu of the Minister of Punishments, Doctor of Law Hou Jiangu, Attendant Imperial Clerk Gao Chuo, Forward General Xing Miao, Commandant of the Imperial Carriage Cheng Lingqiu, Forest Guard Supervisor Wang Yuanqi, Directors Zu Ying and Song Shijing, Attendant Outside the Body Li Yanzhi, Grand Master of Music Gongsun Chong, and others within the deliberating body. Another edict added Grand Tutor Prince Yi of Pengcheng, Governor Prince Yong of Gaoyang, Director Prince Yu of Jingzhao, former Governor Liu Fang of Qing Province, Left Guard General Yuan Li, concurrent Minister of Construction Li Shao, Imperial Academy Libationer Zheng Daozhao, Vice Minister of Punishments Wang Xian, and others. He was later appointed Chief Rectifier of Yu Province.
50
是時修明堂辟雍，翻議曰：
At that time the Bright Hall and Imperial Academy were under repair. Fan submitted a discourse that began:
51
謹案明堂之義，今古諸儒論之備矣，異端競構，莫適所歸，故不復遠引經傳、傍採紀籍以為之證，且論意之所同，以詶詔旨耳。 [7]蓋唐虞已上，事難該悉； 夏殷已降，校可知之。 謂典章之極，莫如三代，郁郁之盛，從周斯美。 制禮作樂，典刑在焉，遺風餘烈，垂之不朽。
Respectfully considered, the meaning of the Bright Hall has been debated exhaustively by Confucians past and present. Rival schools contend, and no single view prevails. I shall therefore not cite the classics and histories at length, but set out only the points on which the arguments agree, in answer to the edict's intent. Generally speaking, affairs from the age of Tang and Yu upward are hard to cover completely; from Xia and Yin downward one can make reliable comparisons. The height of institutional order lies in the Three Dynasties; their flourishing splendor reached its finest under Zhou. They established ritual and made music, and canonical law was embodied in them. Their surviving influence endures unfading.
52
案周官考工所記，皆記其時事，具論夏殷名制，豈其紕謬？ 是知明堂五室，三代同焉，配帝象行，義則明矣。 及淮南、呂氏與月令同文，雖布政班時，有堂、个之別，然推其體例，則無九室之證。 既而世衰禮壞，法度淆㢮，正義殘隱，妄說斐然。 明堂九室，著自戴禮，探緒求源，罔知所出，而漢氏因之，自欲為一代之法。 故鄭玄云：「周人明堂五室，是帝一室也，合於五行之數。 周禮依數以為之室。 德行於今，[8]雖有不同，時說昞然，本制著存，而言無明文，欲復何責。」 本制著存，是周五室也； 於今不同，是漢異周也。 漢為九室，略可知矣。 但就其此制，猶竊有懵焉。 何者？ 張衡東京賦云：「乃營三宮，布教班常，複廟重屋，八達九房。」 此乃明堂之文也。 而薛綜注云：「房，室也，謂堂後有九室。」 堂後九室之制，非巨異乎？ 裴頠又云：「漢氏作四維之个，不能令各處其辰，就使其像可圖，莫能通其居用之禮，此為設虛器也。」 甚知漢世徒欲削滅周典，捐棄舊章，改物創制，故不復拘於載籍。 且鄭玄之詁訓三禮，及釋五經異義，並盡思窮神，故得之遠矣。 覽其明堂圖義，皆有悟人意，察察著明，確乎難奪，諒足以扶微闡幽，不墜周公之舊法也。 伯喈損益漢制，章句繁雜，既違古背新，又不能易玄之妙矣。 魏晉書紀，亦有明堂祀五帝之文，而不記其經始之制，又無坦然可準。 觀夫今之基址，猶或髣髴，高卑廣狹，頗與戴禮不同，何得以意抑必，便謂九室可明？ 且三雍異所，復乖盧、蔡之義，進退亡據，何用經通？ 晉朝亦以穿鑿難明，故有一屋之論，並非經典正義，皆以意妄作，茲為曲學家常談，不足以範時軌世。
The Artificers' Record in the Offices of Zhou records the institutions of its own time and discusses Xia and Yin models in full—how could it be mistaken? From this we know the Bright Hall's five chambers were the same through the Three Dynasties. Matching emperors and symbolizing conduct, the meaning is clear. The Huainanzi, Master Lü, and Monthly Ordinances agree on this point. Though in distributing government and ordering the seasons there was distinction between hall and side-chamber, their underlying form gives no warrant for nine chambers. Then the age declined, ritual decayed, law and measure were confused, correct meaning was hidden, and reckless theories flourished. The nine chambers of the Bright Hall appear in the Dai rituals. Tracing the thread to its source, no one knows their origin, yet Han adopted them, wishing to make law for a new age. Zheng Xuan therefore says, "The Zhou Bright Hall had five chambers—the emperor's single hall—matching the number of the Five Phases. The Offices of Zhou made the chambers according to number. Though practice today differs in some respects, contemporary explanations are clear and the original institution remains on record. Though the text is not explicit, what more can one demand?" The original institution remains on record--these are Zhou's five chambers; today's difference is Han's departure from Zhou. That Han made nine chambers can be roughly known. Yet regarding this institution I still harbor private doubts. Why? Zhang Heng's Rhapsody on the Eastern Capital says, "Then he planned the three palaces, distributed instruction and ordered the seasons, doubled temples and layered roofs, eight openings and nine rooms." This is language about the Bright Hall. Yet Xue Zong's commentary says, "Room means chamber—that is, behind the hall there are nine chambers." The institution of nine chambers behind the hall—is this not a great anomaly? Pei Ji also said, "Han made four-directional side-chambers but could not make each correspond to its season. Even if their forms could be diagrammed, one could not grasp the ritual of dwelling and use—this was setting up empty vessels." He clearly saw that Han merely wished to cut down Zhou's canon, abandon old statutes, change institutions, and therefore no longer bound itself to the records. Moreover Zheng Xuan's glosses on the three rituals and his Explanations of Disputes among the Five Classics exhausted thought and probed the deepest principles; therefore he attained what was far. In his diagrams and explanations of the Bright Hall, everything awakens the reader's understanding. His meaning is lucid and manifest, firm and hard to overturn—surely enough to shore up what is subtle and clarify what is hidden, and to keep the Duke of Zhou's ancient institution from falling away. Cai Yong's revisions of Han institutions produced tangled, over-elaborate clauses. He both violated antiquity and betrayed innovation, and he could not attain Zheng Xuan's subtle mastery. Wei and Jin annals also mention the Bright Hall's sacrifice to the Five Emperors, yet they do not record how the institution was first established, and offer nothing clear enough to serve as a standard. Today's foundation site is still faintly discernible, but its height, breadth, and proportions differ considerably from the Dai rituals. How can one insist by arbitrary judgment that the nine chambers are clearly established? Moreover the three Yong stand in different places, again contradicting the views of Lu Zhi and Cai Yong. With no firm ground for advance or retreat, how can one claim to have mastered the classics? The Jin court too, finding forced interpretation impossible to clarify, adopted the theory of a single hall. None of this is the classics' true meaning; all was made up at will. Such talk is the household chatter of pedantic scholars—not enough to set a model for the age.
53
皇代既乘乾統曆，得一馭宸，自宜稽古則天，憲章文武，追蹤周孔，述而不作，四彼三代，使百世可知。 豈容虛追子氏放篇之浮說，徒損經紀雅誥之遺訓，而欲以支離橫議，指畫妄圖，儀刑宇宙而貽來葉者也。
Our dynasty, having received the succession of Heaven and grasped the throne, should examine antiquity and take Heaven as its model, take King Wen and King Wu as its statutes, follow Zhou and Confucius, transmit without innovating, emulate the Three Dynasties, and make the way of a hundred generations known. How can one vainly chase the floating doctrines of apocryphal chapters, needlessly damage the elegant charge of the canonical classics, and yet hope by piecemeal debate and reckless diagrams to set a model for the cosmos and bequeath it to posterity?
54
又北京制置，未皆允帖，繕修草創，以意良多。 事移禮變，所存者無幾，理苟宜革，何必仍舊。 且遷都之始，日不遑給，先朝規度，每事循古，是以數年之中，悛換非一，良以永法為難，數改為易。 何為宮室府庫多因故迹，而明堂辟雍獨遵此制，建立之辰，復未可知矣。 既猥班訪逮，輒輕率瞽言。 明堂五室，請同周制； 郊建三雍，求依故所。 庶有會經誥，無失典刑。 識偏學疏，退慚謬浪。
Again, the northern capital's arrangements are not all appropriate. Much of the repair and initial construction followed personal whim. When affairs change, ritual must change too; little of the old remains. If reform is right in principle, why cling to the past? At the beginning of the move to the new capital, there was no leisure day by day. The former court's measures followed antiquity in every matter. Within a few years there was more than one change—because lasting law is hard, while frequent change is easy. Why should palaces and treasuries mostly follow old traces, while the Bright Hall and Imperial Academy alone follow this design? Even the date of their establishment cannot be known. Since I have been broadly consulted, I venture this blind man's words. For the Bright Hall's five chambers, let us follow Zhou's institution; and at the suburbs establish the three Yong, seeking to restore their former sites. Then we may align with the charge of the classics without losing canonical form. My knowledge is partial and my learning thin; I withdraw in shame at my rash errors.
55
後議選邊戍事，翻議曰：
Later, when selection for border garrisons was debated, Fan submitted a discourse that began:
56
臣聞兩漢警於西北，魏晉備在東南。 是以鎮邊守塞，必寄威重； 伐叛柔服，實賴溫良。 故田叔、魏尚聲高於沙漠，當陽、鉅平績流於江漢，紀籍用為美談，今古以為盛德。 自皇上以叡明纂御，風凝化遠，威厲秋霜，惠霑春露，故能使淮海輸誠，華陽即序，連城請面，[9]比屋歸仁。 懸車劍閣，豈伊曩載； 鼓譟金陵，復在茲日。 然荊揚之牧，宜盡一時才望； 梁郢之君尤須當今秀異。
I have heard that the two Han dynasties were vigilant toward the northwest, while Wei and Jin prepared against the southeast. Therefore guarding the frontier and holding the passes requires entrusting men of real authority; while attacking rebels and winning over those who submit truly depends on warmth and kindness. Thus Tian Shu and Wei Shang won fame beyond the desert, while Dangyang and Juping left achievements that flowed through the Jiang and Han. The histories treat this as exemplary; past and present regard it as great virtue. Since Your Majesty with sagely brilliance took the throne, your transforming influence reaches far, your awe is sharp as autumn frost and your favor gentle as spring dew, you have made the Huai region and the sea offer loyalty, Huayang submit at once, walled cities request audience, and [9] household after household return to benevolence. To hang up one's chariot at Sword Pass—is that only a thing of former years? Drums and clamor at Jinling are again of this day. Yet the governors of Jing and Yang should be men of the utmost talent and standing of the age; and the lords of Liang and Ying especially need today's finest men.
57
自比緣邊州郡，官至便登； 疆場統戍，階當即用。 或值穢德凡人，或遇貪家惡子，不識字民溫恤之方，唯知重役殘忍之法。 廣開戍邏，多置帥領，或用其左右姻親，或受人貨財請屬，皆無防寇禦賊之心，唯有通商聚斂之意。 其勇力之兵，驅令抄掠。 若值強敵，即為奴虜； 如有執獲，奪為己富。 其羸弱老小之輩，微解金鐵之工，少閑草木之作，無不搜營窮壘，苦役百端。 自餘或伐木深山，或耘草平陸，販貿往還，相望道路。 此等祿既不多，資亦有限，皆收其實絹，給其虛粟，窮其力，薄其衣，用其工，節其食，綿冬歷夏，加之疾苦，死於溝瀆者常十七八焉。 是以吳楚間伺，審此虛實，皆云糧匱兵疲，易可乘擾，故驅率犬羊，屢犯疆埸。 頻年已來，甲冑生蟣，十萬在郊，千金日費，為弊之深，一至於此，皆由邊任不得其人，故延若斯之患。 賈生所以痛哭，良有以也。
Recently in border prefectures and commanderies, men have been promoted as soon as they took office; and for frontier defense and garrison command, rank has been granted for immediate use. Some are men of foul character and common caliber; some are greedy clans and wicked sons. They know nothing of cherishing the people with warmth and care, and know only heavy corvée and cruel punishments. They broadly open garrison patrols and set up many commanders, sometimes appointing close kin by marriage, sometimes taking bribes and patronage—all without thought of defending against bandits, with only trade and enrichment in mind. Their brave troops they drive to raid and plunder. When they meet a strong foe, they become slaves and captives; when there is booty, they seize it for their own gain. The weak, the old, and children who know a little metalwork or woodcraft are hunted out of their poor camps and put to bitter labor in a hundred ways. Others cut wood in deep mountains or hoe grass on level ground, trading back and forth until the roads are crowded with them. Their pay is small and their means limited. They collect the men's real silk but pay them in worthless grain, exhaust their strength, clothe them thinly, use their labor, and stint their food. Winter runs into summer with sickness added, and commonly seven or eight in ten die in ditches. Wu and Chu spy on this, see the emptiness behind the show, and say grain is scarce and troops exhausted—easy to exploit. So they drive their armies like dogs and sheep and repeatedly violate the frontier. Year after year armor breeds lice, a hundred thousand men camp in the suburbs, and a thousand in gold is spent each day. The harm runs this deep—all because the wrong men hold border posts, and so the trouble continues. That Jia Yi wept over the state had good reason indeed.
58
夫潔其流者清其源，理其末者正其本，既失之在始，庸可止乎？ 愚謂自今已後，荊、揚、徐、豫、梁、益諸蕃，及所統郡縣、府佐、統軍至于戍主，皆令朝臣王公已下各舉所知，必選其才，不拘階級。 若能統御有方，清高獨著，威足臨戎，信能懷遠，撫循將士得其忻心，不營私潤，專修公利者，則就加爵賞，使久於其任，以時褒賚，厲其忠款。 所舉之人亦垂優異，奬其得士，嘉其誠節。 若不能一心奉公，才非捍禦，貪惏日富，經略無聞，人不見德，兵厭其勞者，即加顯戮，用彰其罪。 所舉之人隨事免降，責其謬薦，罰其偽薄。 如此，則舉人不得挾其私，受任不得孤其舉，善惡既審，沮勸亦明，庶邊患永消，譏議攸息矣。
Cleanse the stream and you clear the source; set the branch right and you rectify the root. When the error lies at the beginning, how can the harm stop? I propose that from now on, for Jing, Yang, Xu, Yu, Liang, Yi, and all frontier territories, and for the counties, prefectural aides, army commanders, and garrison chiefs under them, court ministers and princes downward should each recommend men they know, selecting for talent without regard to rank. If a man commands well, stands out for integrity, has awe enough for war and trust enough to win the distant, comforts his soldiers and wins their hearts, seeks no private gain but serves the public good—then at once add rank and reward, keep him long in post, praise and bestow on him in due season, and encourage his loyal service. Let the recommender also receive exceptional favor, rewarded for finding good men and praised for sincere integrity. If a man cannot serve the public with undivided heart, lacks talent for defense, grows rich through greed, shows no strategy, wins no gratitude from the people, and his soldiers weary of toil—then at once inflict conspicuous punishment and make his guilt manifest. The recommender shall be demoted or dismissed according to the case, blamed for mistaken recommendation and punished for false judgment. Then recommenders cannot serve private ends, appointees cannot betray those who chose them, good and evil will be clearly judged, and reward and punishment plain—so that border troubles may be extinguished and criticism silenced.
59
遭母憂，去職。 熙平初，除冠軍將軍、廷尉少卿，尋加征虜將軍，後出為平陽太守。 翻為廷尉，頗有不平之論，及之郡，甚不自得，遂作思歸賦曰：
When his mother died he left office to mourn. At the beginning of the Xiping era he was appointed General Who Conquers the Enemy and Junior Director of the Court of Justice. Soon afterward he was additionally made General Who Subdues the Barbarians, and later went out to serve as Administrator of Pingyang. Fan became Director of the Court of Justice. He had voiced many grievances, and when he reached his commandery he was deeply ill at ease. He therefore composed the Rhapsody on Longing to Return, which begins:
60
日色黯兮，高山之岑。 月逢霞而未晈，霞值月而成陰。 望他鄉之阡陌，非舊國之池林。 山有木而蔽月，川無梁而復深。 悵浮雲之弗限，何此恨之難禁。 於是雜石為峯，諸煙共色。 秀出無窮，煙起不極。 錯翻花而似繡，網遊絲其如織。 蝶兩戲以相追，燕雙飛而鼓翼。 怨驅馬之悠悠，歎征夫之未息！
The sun's color fades on the high mountain's peak. The moon meets rosy clouds and grows dim; clouds meet the moon and turn to shade. I gaze at field paths in a strange land—not the ponds and groves of my old country. Trees on the mountain hide the moon; the river has no bridge and runs deep again. I grieve that floating clouds know no bounds—how can this regret be restrained? Then mixed stones form peaks, and all the mists share one hue. Peaks rise in endless elegance; mist rises without limit. Flowers tangle like embroidery; drifting gossamer threads like woven silk. Butterflies pair in play and chase each other; swallows fly wing to wing. I resent the horses' endless journey and sigh that the soldiers on campaign have not rested!
61
爾乃臨峻壑，坐層阿。 北眺羊腸詰屈，南望龍門嵯峨。 疊千重以聳翠，橫萬里而揚波。 遠𤟤鼯與麏麝，走鰩鼈及龜鼉。 彼曖然兮鞏洛，此邈矣兮關河。 心鬱鬱兮徒傷，思搖搖兮空滿。 思故人兮不見，神翻覆兮魂斷。 斷魂兮如亂，憂來兮不散。 俯鏡兮白水，水流兮漫漫。 異色兮縱橫，奇光兮爛爛。 下對兮碧沙，上覩兮青岸。 岸上兮氤氳，駁霞兮絳氛。 風搖枝而為弄，日照水以成文。 行復行兮川之畔，望復望兮望夫君。 君之門兮九重門。 余之別兮千里分。 願一見兮導我意，我不見兮君不聞。 魄惝怳兮知何語，氣繚戾兮獨縈縕。
Then I face steep ravines and sit on layered slopes. Northward I gaze on Sheep's Intestine Pass, twisted and turning; southward on Dragon Gate, towering and steep. Mountains rise in a thousand green folds; rivers stretch ten thousand li and fling their waves. Far off go the mountain-gui and flying squirrels, musk deer and roe deer; below, rays and turtles scurry, alligators crawl. Gong and Luo lie dim in the distance; the Pass and River are remote beyond reach. My heart is heavy with vain sorrow; my thought sways in empty fullness. I think of old friends I do not see; my spirit turns and my soul is broken. My broken soul is like chaos; grief comes and will not disperse. I bend to mirror myself in white water; the water flows on and on. Strange colors run crosswise and lengthwise; wondrous light shines brilliant bright. Below I face green sand; above I see the green bank. On the bank mist rises in haze; mottled clouds shed crimson vapor. Wind shakes the branches in play; sunlight on the water writes patterns. I walk and walk along the river's edge; I gaze and gaze toward my lord. My lord's gate is a ninefold gate. Our parting is a divide of a thousand li. I wish for one meeting to speak my heart; I do not see you, and you do not hear me. My soul is distraught—what words can I find? My breath coils in grief, alone enmeshed in mist.
62
彼鳥馬之無知，尚有情於南北。 雖吾人之固鄙，豈忘懷於上國？ 去上國之美人，對下邦之鬼蜮。 形既同於魍魎，心匪殊於蝥賊。 欲修之而難化，何不殘之云克。 知進退之非可，徒終朝以默默。 願生還於洛濱，荷天地之厚德。
Birds and horses are without understanding, yet still feel loyalty toward north and south. Though I am coarse and low by nature, how can I forget my heart's home in the upper land? I leave the beauties of the upper land and face the demon sprites of this lower state. Their forms are already like wangliang spirits; their hearts differ not at all from grain pests. Wishing to reform them is hard; why not destroy them outright, as some say, and prevail? Knowing that advance and retreat are not mine to choose, I can only pass the morning in silence. I wish to return alive to the banks of the Luo, bearing Heaven and Earth's deep grace.
63
神龜末，遷冠軍將軍、涼州刺史。 時蠕蠕主阿那瓌、後主婆羅門，並以國亂來降，朝廷問翻安置之所。 翻表曰：
At the end of the Shengui era he was transferred to General Who Conquers the Enemy and Inspector of Liang Province. At that time the Rouran lords Anagui and the former lord Polumen both came to surrender because of internal disorder, and the court asked Fan where they should be settled. Fan submitted a memorial that began:
64
謬以非才，忝荷邊任，猥垂訪逮，安置蠕蠕主阿那瓌、婆羅門等處所遠近利害之宜。 竊惟匈奴為患，其來久矣，雖隆周、盛漢莫能障服，衰弱則降，富強則叛。 是以方叔、召虎不遑自息，衞青、去病勤亦勞止。 或修文德以來之，或興干戈以伐之，而一得一失，利害相侔。 故呼韓來朝，左賢入侍，史籍謂之盛事，千載以為美談。 至于皇代勃興，威馭四海，爰在北京，仍梗疆埸。 自卜惟洛食，定鼎伊瀍，高車、蠕蠕迭相吞噬。 始則蠕蠕衰微，高車強盛，蠕蠕則自救靡暇，高車則僻遠西北。 及蠕蠕復振，反破高車，主喪民離，不絕如綫。 而高車今能終雪其耻，復摧蠕蠕者，正由種類繁多，不可頓滅故也。 然鬬此兩敵，即卞莊之算，得使境上無塵數十年中者，抑此之由也。
Unfit as I am, I bear the disgrace of a border post. I have been broadly consulted on where to settle the Rouran lord Anagui, Polumen, and the like, and on whether near or far placement would benefit or harm the state. I consider that the Xiongnu have been a trouble since long ago. Even flourishing Zhou and splendid Han could not fully subdue them: when weak they submit, when strong they rebel. Therefore Fang Shu and Zhao Hu knew no rest; Wei Qing and Huo Qubing labored without cease. Sometimes the court cultivated civil virtue to win them over, sometimes raised armies to attack them—and gain and loss, benefit and harm, balanced each other. When Huhanye came to court and the Left Wise Prince attended, the histories called it a grand affair and a tale praised for a thousand years. When our dynasty rose in power and awe reined in the four seas, obstruction still remained on the frontier at the northern capital. From the divination that Luo was the place to eat and the fixing of the tripod at Yi and Chan, the Gaoche and Rouran have in turn devoured one another. At first Rouran was weak and declining while Gaoche was strong; Rouran had no leisure to save itself, and Gaoche held the remote northwest. When Rouran revived, it in turn shattered Gaoche. Lords were lost and people scattered, their line hanging by a thread. Yet Gaoche today has at last washed away its shame and again crushed Rouran—precisely because their peoples are numerous and cannot be suddenly extinguished. To set these two enemies fighting is Bian Zhuang's stratagem; that the frontier has been without war for decades is owing to this as well.
65
今蠕蠕為高車所討滅，外憑大國之威靈，兩主投身，一期而至，百姓歸誠，萬里相屬。 進希朝廷哀矜，克復宗社； 退望庇身有道，保其妻兒。 雖乃遠夷荒桀，不識信順，終無純固之節，必有孤負之心。 然興亡繼絕，列聖同規； 撫降卹附，綿經共軌。 若棄而不受，則虧我大德； 若納而禮待，則損我資儲。 來者既多，全徙內地，非直其情不願，迎送艱難。 然夷不亂華，殷鑒無遠，覆車在於劉石，毀轍固不可尋。 且蠕蠕尚存，則高車猶有內顧之憂，未暇窺窬上國。 若蠕蠕全滅，則高車跋扈之計，豈易可知。 今蠕蠕雖主奔於上，民散於下，而餘黨實繁，部落猶眾，處處碁布，以望今主耳。 高車亦未能一時并兼，盡令率附。
Now Rouran has been destroyed by Gaoche's attack. Outwardly relying on our great state's awesome power, both lords have come in a single season to submit; the common people return in loyalty, ten thousand li in unbroken succession. In coming forward they hope the court will pity them and restore their ancestral altars; In retreat they hope for shelter under our rule and to protect their wives and children. Though they are distant barbarians, wild and fierce, ignorant of trust and obedience, they will never show pure steadfast loyalty and are sure to harbor treacherous hearts. Yet to raise the fallen and continue the cut off is the shared rule of successive sages; Comforting those who surrender and pitying those who attach—the classics have long followed this same path. If we abandon them and do not accept them, we impair our great virtue; If we receive them and treat them with ceremony, we deplete our stores. Since so many are coming, to relocate them all into the interior is not only against their wishes; receiving and escorting them would be arduous. Yet barbarians must not disorder China; the lesson of Yin is not remote; the overturned chariot lies with Liu Yuan and Shi Le; that ruined track truly cannot be followed again. Moreover, while Rouran still exist, Gaoche still have worries at their backs and have no leisure to peep and covet our realm. If Rouran are wholly extinguished, Gaoche's overbearing designs—how can they easily be foreseen? Now though Rouran's lord has fled and the people are scattered below, remaining factions are truly numerous and tribes still many, arrayed everywhere like chess pieces, all looking toward whoever holds the title. Gaoche also cannot at one stroke annex them all and compel universal submission.
66
又高車士馬雖眾，主甚愚弱，上不制下，下不奉上，唯以掠盜為資，陵奪為業。 河西捍禦強敵，唯涼州、敦煌而已。 涼州土廣民希，糧仗素闕，燉煌、酒泉空虛尤甚，若蠕蠕無復竪立，令高車獨擅北垂，則西顧之憂，匪旦伊夕。 愚謂蠕蠕二主，皆宜存之，居阿那瓌於東偏，處婆羅門於西裔，分其降民，各有攸屬。 那瓌住所，非所經見，其中事勢，不敢輒陳。 其婆羅門請修西海故城以安處之。 西海郡本屬涼州，今在酒泉直北、張掖西北千二百里，去高車所住金山一千餘里，正是北虜往來之衝要，漢家行軍之舊道，土地沃衍，大宜耕殖。 非但今處婆羅門，於事為便，即可永為重戍，鎮防西北。 宜遣一良將，加以配衣，[10]仍令監護婆羅門。 凡諸州鎮應徙之兵，隨宜割配，且田且戍。 雖外為置蠕蠕之舉，內實防高車之策。 一二年後，足食足兵，斯固安邊保塞之長計也。 若婆羅門能自克厲，使餘燼歸心，收離聚散，復興其國者，乃漸令北轉，徙渡流沙，即是我之外蕃，高車勁敵。 西北之虞，可無過慮。 如其姦回返覆，孤恩背德者，此不過為逋逃之寇，於我何損。 今不早圖，戎心一啟，脫先據西海，奪我險要，則酒泉、張掖自然孤危，長河以西終非國有。 不圖厥始，而憂其終，噬臍之恨，悔將何及。
Moreover, though Gaoche warriors and horses are many, their lord is very foolish and weak: above he does not control below, below does not serve above—they live only by plunder and make their trade in seizure. In the Hexi region, defense against strong enemies rests on only Liang Province and Dunhuang. Liang Province has broad land and sparse population, with chronic shortages of grain and arms; Dunhuang and Jiuquan are especially hollow. If Rouran can no longer stand and Gaoche alone dominates the northern marches, worry for the west will not wait until tomorrow. I foolishly hold that both Rouran lords should be preserved: place Anagui in the eastern sector and Polumen in the western marches, and divide their surrendered people so each has his proper following. I have not seen Anagui's dwelling place myself, and I dare not rashly state the situation there. Polumen asks to repair the old city of Xihai to settle him there. Xihai commandery originally belonged to Liang Province. It lies due north of Jiuquan and twelve hundred li northwest of Zhangye, more than a thousand li from where Gaoche dwell at Jinshan. It is precisely the strategic pass of northern barbarian movement and the Han dynasty's old military route, with fertile land well suited to cultivation. Settling Polumen there is not only convenient now; it can permanently serve as a major garrison guarding the northwest. A capable general should be sent, with peiyi troops allotted, [10] and still ordered to supervise Polumen. Troops from the various prefectures and garrisons slated for relocation should be allocated as appropriate, farming while they garrison. Outwardly it appears to be a measure for Rouran; inwardly it is truly a plan against Gaoche. In one or two years there will be sufficient food and troops—this is truly the long-term plan for securing the border and protecting the passes. If Polumen can discipline himself sternly, win back the remaining embers, gather the scattered, and revive his state, then gradually order him to turn north and cross the flowing sands—he will become our outer vassal and Gaoche's strong enemy. Then worry for the northwest need not be excessive. If he proves treacherous and turns back, ungrateful and betraying virtue, he is no more than a fugitive raider—what harm can he do us? If we do not plan early, once barbarian hearts are aroused and they first seize Xihai and wrest our strategic points, Jiuquan and Zhangye will naturally be isolated and imperiled, and the lands west of the Long River will ultimately no longer belong to our state. To neglect the beginning yet worry at the end is the regret of biting one's navel—when will repentance come?
67
愚見如允，乞遣大使往涼州、燉煌及於西海，躬行山谷要害之所，親閱亭障遠近之宜，商量士馬，校練糧仗，部分見定，處置得所。 入春，西海之間即令播種，至秋，收一年之食，使不復勞轉輸之功也。 且西海北垂，即是大磧，野獸所聚，千百為羣，正是蠕蠕射獵之處。 殖田以自供，籍獸以自給，彼此相資，足以自固。 今之豫度，微似小損，歲終大計，其利實多。 高車豺狼之心，何可專信？ 假令稱臣致款，正可外加優納，而復內備彌深，所謂先人有奪人之心者也。 管窺所陳，懼多孟浪。
If my foolish view is approved, I beg that a great envoy be sent to Liang Province, Dunhuang, and Xihai to traverse the crucial places in mountains and valleys in person, inspect the suitability of watch-towers near and far, discuss troops and horses, drill grain and arms, fix deployments, and dispose matters suitably. Entering spring, sowing should at once be ordered in the Xihai region; by autumn harvest one year's grain, so that transport labor will no longer be needed. Moreover, north of Xihai's border lies the great desert, where wild beasts gather in groups of hundreds and thousands—precisely Rouran's hunting ground. They can farm for their own food and hunt beasts for their own provision—each supporting the other, enough to sustain themselves. Present anticipation may seem a slight loss, but the year-end reckoning brings truly great profit. Gaoche have the hearts of wolves and dogs—how can one trust them exclusively? Even if they claim vassalage and offer sincerity, outwardly one may treat them generously, yet inwardly prepare defenses all the deeper—as the saying goes, those who arrive first seize the initiative. What my narrow view has stated, I fear, is much rash presumption.
68
時朝議是之。
At the time the court discussion approved his proposal.
69
還，拜吏部郎中，加平南將軍、光祿大夫。 以本將軍出為齊州刺史，無多政績。 孝昌中，除安南將軍、中書令，領給事黃門侍郎，與徐紇俱在門下，並掌文翰。 翻既才學名重，又善附會，亦為靈太后所信待。 是時蠻賊充斥，六軍將親討之，翻乃上表諫止。 後蕭寶夤大敗於關西，翻上表請為西軍死亡將士舉哀，存而還者并加賑賚。 後拜度支尚書，尋轉都官。 翻表曰：「臣往忝門下，翼侍帳幄。 同時流輩皆以出離左右，蒙數階之陟。 唯臣奉辭，非但直去黃門，今為尚書後，更在中書令下。 於臣庸朽，誠為叨濫； 準之倫匹，或有未盡。 竊惟安南之與金紫，雖是異品之隔，實有半階之校； 加以尚書清要，位遇通顯，準秩論資，似加少進。 語望比官，人不願易。 臣自揆自顧，力極求此，伏願天地成造，有始有終，矜臣疲病，乞臣骸骨，願以安南、尚書換一金紫。」 時天下多事，翻雖外請閑秩，而內有求進之心，識者怪之。 於是，加撫軍將軍。
On his return he was appointed Director of the Ministry of Personnel, with the additional titles of General Who Pacifies the South and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. With his original generalship he went out as inspector of Qi Province, without much administrative achievement. In the Xiaochang era he was appointed General Who Pacifies the South and Director of the Secretariat, holding the concurrent post of Attendant of the Yellow Gate. He and Xu He were both at the Gate Department and jointly in charge of documents. Fan was both talented and renowned for learning, and skilled at ingratiating himself; he was also trusted and favored by Empress Dowager Ling. At that time barbarian bandits filled the land and the Six Armies were about to campaign in person. Fan thereupon submitted a memorial dissuading this. Later Xiao Baoyin suffered a great defeat in Guanxi. Fan submitted a memorial requesting mourning for the dead officers and soldiers of the western army and relief grants for those who survived and returned. He was later appointed Minister of Revenue and soon transferred to Minister of Justice. Fan's memorial said: "Your servant formerly received the post at the Gate Department, serving at the side of the curtained canopy. Contemporaries of the same cohort all left the imperial presence and received several ranks of promotion. Only I received dismissal—not only did I leave the Yellow Gate directly; now as Minister I am again ranked below the Director of the Secretariat. For one as mediocre and worn as I, this is truly overstepping; measured against my peers, perhaps not fully fair. I consider that General Who Pacifies the South and the gold-and-purple rank, though separated by different grade barriers, truly differ by only half a rank; adding that the Ministry is a clear and important post, with rank and standing openly prominent—measured by rank and discussed by seniority, it seems a slight advance. In spoken repute compared with office, people are unwilling to exchange posts. I examine myself and look back, having exerted myself to the utmost in seeking this. I prostrate my wish that Heaven and Earth, who create and complete all things, have beginning and end, pity my exhaustion and illness, grant my old bones release, and allow me to exchange General Who Pacifies the South and Minister for a gold-and-purple rank." At the time the realm was beset by many affairs. Though outwardly Fan requested an idle rank, inwardly he sought advancement—those who knew found this strange. Thereupon he was given the additional title of General Who Calms the Army.
70
肅宗、靈太后曾醼於華林園，舉觴謂羣臣曰：「袁尚書朕之杜預，欲以此杯敬屬元凱，今為盡之。」 侍座者莫不羨仰。 翻名位俱重，當時賢達咸推與之，然獨善其身，無所奬拔，排抑後進，懼其凌己，論者鄙之。 建義初，遇害於河陰，年五十三。 所著文筆百餘篇，行於世。 贈使持節、侍中、車騎將軍、儀同三司、青州刺史。
Emperor Xiaozong and Empress Dowager Ling once feasted in Hualin Garden. The emperor raised a cup and said to the assembled ministers: "Minister Yuan is my Du Yu. I wish to dedicate this cup to Yuan Kai—now drain it fully. Those seated in attendance all envied and looked up to him. Fan's fame and position were both weighty, and the talented and eminent of the time all ranked him with themselves—yet he cultivated only himself, promoted no one, and suppressed later entrants, fearing they would overtop him. Commentators despised this. At the beginning of the Jianyi era he met calamity at Heyin, aged fifty-three. More than a hundred pieces of his writings and drafts circulate in the world. He was posthumously granted Bearer of the Staff, Palace Attendant, General of Chariots and Cavalry, Equal in Three Matters, and Inspector of Qing Province.
71
嫡子寶首，武定中，司徒記室參軍。
His eldest son Baoshou, in the Wuding era, served as recorder of the Secretariat.
72
寶首兄叔德，武定末，太子中舍人。
Baoshou's elder brother Shude, at the end of the Wuding era, was palace attendant of the heir apparent.
73
翻弟躍，語在文苑傳。
Fan's younger brother Yue is treated in the Grove of Letters biography.
74
躍弟颺，本州治中、別駕，豫州冠軍府司馬而卒。 [11]
Yue's younger brother Yang served as director of the secretariat of his home province, administrator on detached service, and champion staff major of Yu Province, then died. Editorial collation note 11.
75
颺弟昇，太學博士、司徒記室、尚書儀曹郎中、正員郎、通直常侍。 颺死後，昇通其妻。 翻慚恚，為之發病，昇終不止，時人鄙穢之。 亦於河陰見害。 贈左將軍、齊州刺史。
Yang's younger brother Sheng served as erudite of the Imperial Academy, recorder of the Secretariat, director of the Protocol Bureau of the Ministry of Personnel, regular director, and direct attendant. After Yang died, Sheng had intercourse with his wife. Fan was ashamed and furious and fell ill because of it; Sheng in the end did not stop. People of the time despised the filth of it. He too was killed at Heyin. He was posthumously granted General of the Left and Inspector of Qi Province.
76
史臣曰：崔休立身有本，當官著聞，朝之良也。 裴儁器業位望，有可稱乎？ 袁翻文高價重，其當時之才秀歟？
The historiographer says: Cui Xiu established himself with roots and distinguished himself in office—a worthy man of the court. Pei Yanjun's capacity and standing—was there something to praise? Yuan Fan's writing was lofty and his reputation weighty—was he the outstanding talent of his time?
77
校勘記
Textual notes
78
起家奉朝請諸本「奉」作「今」，獨局本作「奉」。 按奉朝請是起家官，屢見諸傳，「今」字顯誤，今從局本。
Beginning the career as Court Gentleman for Attendance: all editions read "Attendance" as "now"; only the Bureau edition has "Attendance." Court Gentleman for Attendance was the standard beginning-office rank, repeatedly seen in various biographies; "now" is clearly erroneous, and the text now follows the Bureau edition.
79
與大都督長孫稚諸本「稚」作「雅」。 按長孫稚卷二五有傳，他鎮平這次變亂見本傳和卷九肅宗紀孝昌二年六月。 「雅」是「稚」的形訛，今改正。
With Commander-in-Chief Zhangsun Zhi: all editions read "Zhi" as "Ya." Zhangsun Zhi has a biography in juan 25; his pacification of this rebellion is recorded in his biography and in the Annals of Emperor Xiaozong, juan 9, sixth month of the second year of Xiaochang. "Ya" is a graphic corruption of "Zhi"; the text is now corrected.
80
斬賊王郭康兒諸本脫「斬」字，今據冊府卷三九五上 〈四六八六頁〉 補。 又諸本「王」下旁注「闕」字，其實「闕」在句首，今刪旁注。
Executed the rebel Wang Guo Kang'er: all editions omit "executed"; restored according to Cefu, juan 395, part 1 〈p. 4686〉 is supplemented here. Moreover, all editions place a marginal note "lacuna" below "Wang"; in fact "lacuna" belongs at the head of the sentence, and the marginal note is now deleted.
81
朕開置神畿畿郡望重諸本「畿」字不重，「望」字下百衲本空格，他本旁注「闕」字。 冊府卷六七二 〈八０三五頁〉 重「畿」字，北史卷三八裴延儁附裴仲規傳節去「朕開置神畿」句，下也作「畿郡望重」。 按上云「咸陽王僖為司州牧，辟為主簿，仍表行建興郡事」，則建興郡屬司州。 故元宏稱之為「畿郡」。 這裏闕的是一「畿」字，諸本又誤空或誤注「闕」於「望」字下，今據補。
I opened and established the divine capital, capital-district commanderies of weighty standing: all editions fail to repeat "capital"; below "standing" the Patchwork edition has a blank space and other editions mark "lacuna" in the margin. Cefu, juan 672 〈p. 8035〉 repeats "capital." Beishi, juan 38, biography of Pei Yanjun with Pei Zhonggui attached, omits "I opened and established the divine capital" but below also reads "capital-district commanderies of weighty standing." Above the text says: "Prince Xi of Xianyang was governor of Si Province, recruited him as chief clerk, then memorialized that he administer Jianxing commandery on a provisional basis"—so Jianxing commandery belonged to Si Province. Therefore Yuan Hong called it a "capital-district commandery." One "capital" is missing here; editions also mistakenly leave a blank or mark "lacuna" below "standing." The character is now supplemented according to the evidence.
82
為廣州防蠻別將行漢廣郡事諸本「漢廣」作「廣漢」。 錢氏考異卷二八云：「『廣漢』當作『漢廣』。」 按卷一０六中地形志中廣州屬郡有「漢廣」，無「廣漢」錢說是，今乙正。
As deputy general for defense against the Man of Guang Province, acting administrator of Hangguang commandery: all editions read "Hangguang" as "Guanghan." Qian Daxin's Textual Variants, juan 28, states: "'Guanghan' should be 'Hangguang.'" The Treatise on Terrain in juan 106, middle, lists Guang Province's subordinate commanderies as including "Hangguang" but not "Guanghan." Qian is correct; the text is now transposed.
83
東陽平諸本「東陽」下有「州」字。 錢氏考異卷二八云：「青州治東陽城，東陽非州郡之名，當云『青州平』或『東陽平』，詞意乃通」。 按錢說是，這裏衍「州」字，今刪。
Pacified Dongyang: all editions have the character "province" below "Dongyang." Qian Daxin's Textual Variants, juan 28, states: "Qing Province's seat is at Dongyang city; Dongyang is not the name of a province or commandery. One should say 'Pacified Qing' or 'Pacified Dongyang,' and only then is the sense coherent." Qian is correct: "province" is derivative here and is now deleted.
84
以詶詔旨耳諸本「旨」字缺，今據冊府卷五八一 〈六九六二頁〉 補。
To repay the edict's intent merely: all editions lack "intent"; restored according to Cefu, juan 581 〈p. 6962〉 The missing text is supplied.
85
德行於今諸本「行」下旁注「疑」字。 冊府卷五八一 〈六九六三頁〉 「德」作「禮」。 李慈銘云：「賈思伯傳 〈本書卷七二〉 亦引鄭君語，作『施行於今』，南 〈按當作「北」〉 史 〈卷四七〉 思伯傳作『思行於今』。」 按北史百衲本、殿本思伯傳也作「施行於今」，李所見北史「施」作「思」，當誤。 這裏「德」字疑誤，「禮」「施」不知孰是。 旁注「疑」字刪。
On the phrase "conduct operating today": all editions carry a marginal gloss "doubtful" beside the character for "operating." Cefu, juan 581 〈p. 6963〉 The character for "virtue" appears as "ritual" instead. Li Ciming writes: "In the biography of Jia Sibai 〈this book, juan 72〉 it also quotes Master Zheng as saying 'put into practice today,' and the Nan 〈should read "Bei" for "Nan"〉 History 〈juan 47〉 biography of Sibai reads 'thought operating today.'" The Baibu and Dian editions of the Northern History likewise read "put into practice today" in Sibai's biography. The Northern History Li saw writes "put" as "thought," which must be an error. Here the character for "virtue" is probably wrong; whether "ritual" or "put into practice" is correct cannot be determined. The marginal gloss "doubtful" is therefore removed.
86
連城請面北史卷四七袁翻傳「請」作「革」。 按「請面」意不明，疑作「革」是。
On "linked cities request audience": in the Northern History, juan 47, biography of Yuan Fan, "request" appears as "reform." The phrase "request audience" is unclear in meaning; "reform" is probably the correct reading.
87
加以配衣諸本「衣」下旁注「疑」字。 按卷九肅宗紀孝昌元年十二月詔有云：「其配衣六軍，分隸熊虎」，卷七四尒朱榮傳，榮上書稱「惟願廣其配衣」。 「配衣」是當時專詞，似指禁軍。 這裏是說以禁軍出戍，並無可疑，今刪「疑」字。
On "moreover assign them peiyi": all editions carry a marginal gloss "doubtful" beside "clothing." The Annals of Emperor Xiaozong, juan 9, records an edict of the twelfth month of the first year of Xiaochang: "Assign the peiyi of the Six Armies, dividing them among the Bear and Tiger guards." In juan 74, biography of Erzhu Rong, Rong's memorial says, "I only wish to expand their peiyi." "Peiyi" was a technical term of the period, apparently denoting the palace guard. Here the text means dispatching palace guards to frontier garrison duty. There is nothing doubtful about the reading, and the marginal "doubtful" is now removed.
88
豫州冠軍府司馬而卒李慈銘云：「『而』當作『早』。」
On "champion staff major of Yu Province, then died": Li Ciming writes, "'Then' should read 'early.'"