1
晁崇張淵殷紹王早耿玄劉靈助江式周澹李脩徐謇王顯崔彧蔣少游[1]
Chao Chong, Zhang Yuan, Yin Shao, Wang Zao, Geng Xuan, Liu Lingzhu, Jiang Shi, Zhou Dan, Li Xiu, Xu Jian, Wang Xian, Cui Yu, and Jiang Shaoyou [1]
2
蓋小道必有可觀,況往聖標曆數之術,先王垂卜筮之典,論察有法,占候相傳,觸類長之,其流遂廣。 工藝紛綸,理非抑止,今列於篇,亦所以廣聞見也。
Even minor arts have something worth noting, and all the more so when former sages set forth the techniques of calendrical reckoning and former kings handed down the canon of divination. There are established methods of inquiry, and prognostic lore passed from master to pupil; as each branch was extended, the tradition spread ever wider. The crafts and arts are diverse, and there is no good reason to suppress them on principle. They are recorded here to widen the reader's knowledge.
3
晁崇,字子業,遼東襄平人也。 家世史官。 崇善天文術數,知名於時。 為慕容垂太史郎。 從慕容寶敗於參合,獲崇,後乃赦之。 太祖愛其伎術,甚見親待。 從平中原,拜太史令,詔崇造渾儀,歷象日月星辰。 遷中書侍郎,令如故。 天興五年,月暈,左角蝕將盡,崇奏曰:「占為角蟲將死。」 時太祖既克姚平於柴壁,以崇言之徵,遂命諸軍焚車而反。 牛果大疫,輿駕所乘巨犗數百頭亦同日斃於路側,自餘首尾相繼。 是歲,天下之牛死者十七八,麋鹿亦多死。
Chao Chong, styled Ziye, came from Xiangping in Liaodong. His family had served as court historians for generations. Chong was accomplished in astronomy and calendrical arts and was well known in his day. He held the post of Grand Astrologer Attendant under Murong Chui. After Murong Bao's defeat at Canhe, Chong was taken prisoner and later pardoned. Emperor Daowu valued his expertise and treated him with marked favor. After the conquest of the Central Plains, he was made Grand Astrologer and instructed to build an armillary sphere and map the courses of the sun, moon, and stars. He was transferred to Palace Secretariat Attendant but kept his existing appointment as well. In the fifth year of Tianxing, a halo appeared around the moon and its left horn was almost fully eclipsed. Chong reported, "This omen means horned beasts will die." Emperor Daowu had just taken Yao Ping at Chaibi. Treating Chong's prediction as confirmation, he ordered the armies to burn their carts and turn back. A severe cattle plague followed, and several hundred draft oxen in the imperial train died the same day by the roadside, with countless others dying in succession. That year, seventy or eighty percent of the oxen in the empire perished, and elk and deer died in great numbers too.
4
崇弟懿,明辯而才不及崇也。 以善北人語內侍左右,為黃門侍郎,兄弟並顯。 懿好矜容儀,被服僭度,言音類太祖。 左右每聞其聲,莫不驚竦。 太祖知而惡之。 後其家奴告崇與懿叛,又與□臣王次多潛通,招引姚興,太祖銜之。 及興寇平陽,車駕擊破之。 太祖以奴言為實,還次晉陽,執崇兄弟並賜死。
Chong's younger brother Yi was quick-witted and articulate, though less gifted than Chong himself. Skilled in the northern dialects, he served among the inner attendants and was appointed Yellow Gate Attendant; both brothers achieved high standing. Yi cultivated an imposing manner, dressed above his station, and spoke in a voice much like Emperor Daowu's. Those who heard him were invariably startled. When Emperor Daowu learned of this, he was deeply displeased. Later a household slave accused Chong and Yi of treason and of secretly dealing with the minister Wang Ciduo to summon Yao Xing. Emperor Daowu nursed a grudge against them. When Yao Xing attacked Pingyang, the emperor's army defeated him. Believing the slave's accusation, Emperor Daowu, on returning to Jinyang, arrested the Chong brothers and ordered them both executed.
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崇兄子暉。 太祖時給事諸曹,稍遷給事中,賜爵長平侯。 征虜將軍、濟州刺史,假寧東將軍、穎川公。 劉駿鎮東平郡,徙戍近境,暉上表求擊之,高宗不許。 暉乃為書以大義責之。 卒。
Chong's nephew Hui. Under Emperor Daowu he served in the palace offices, rose to Palace Attendant, and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Changping. He served as General Who Conquers the Barbarians and Governor of Jizhou, with the acting titles General Who Pacifies the East and Duke of Yingchuan. When Liu Jun held Dongping Commandery and shifted garrisons toward the frontier, Hui petitioned for permission to attack, but Emperor Wencheng refused. Hui then wrote Liu a letter rebuking him on moral grounds. He died.
6
子林,襲爵。 林卒,子清擊。 事在節義傳。
His son Lin succeeded to the title. After Lin's death, his son Qing launched an attack. The full account appears in the Biographies of Integrity and Righteousness.
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暉從弟繼,太祖時稍遷中書侍郎、給事中、中堅將軍,賜爵襄平子。 除魏郡太守。 卒。
Hui's cousin Ji rose under Emperor Daowu to Palace Secretariat Attendant, Palace Attendant, and General of the Central Garrison, and was enfeoffed as Viscount of Xiangping. He was appointed Administrator of Wei Commandery. He died.
8
子世宗,襲爵。 卒,子元和襲。 卒。
His son Shizong succeeded to the title. He died, and his son Yuanhe succeeded. He died.
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張淵,不知何許人。 明占候,曉內外星分。 自云嘗事苻堅,堅欲南征司馬昌明,淵勸不行,堅不從,果敗。 又仕姚興父子,為靈臺令。 姚泓滅,入赫連昌,昌復以淵及徐辯對為太史令。 世祖平統萬,淵與辯俱見獲。 世祖以淵為太史令,數見訪問。 神䴥二年,世祖將討蠕蠕,淵與徐辯皆謂不宜行,與崔浩爭於世祖前,語在浩傳。 淵專守常占,而不能鈎深致遠,故不及浩。 後為驃騎軍謀祭酒,嘗著觀象賦曰:
Zhang Yuan's place of origin is unknown. He was expert in celestial observation and understood the divisions of the inner and outer heavens. He claimed to have served Fu Jian. When Jian planned a southern campaign against Sima Changming, Yuan urged him not to go; Jian ignored him and was defeated as Yuan had warned. He later served Yao Xing and his son as Director of the Observational Platform. After the fall of Yao Hong, he entered Helian Chang's service, and Chang again appointed Yuan and Xu Bian as joint Grand Astrologers. When Emperor Taiwu conquered Tongwan, Yuan and Bian were both taken prisoner. Emperor Taiwu made Yuan Grand Astrologer and often sought his counsel. In the second year of Shenju, when Emperor Taiwu prepared to campaign against the Rouran, Yuan and Xu Bian both argued against it and clashed with Cui Hao before the throne; the full account is in Hao's biography. Yuan relied on conventional divination and lacked Hao's depth and foresight. He later served as Strategic Adviser to the Rapid Cavalry General and wrote the Rhapsody on Observing the Heavens, which begins:
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易曰:天垂象見吉凶,聖人則之。 又曰:「觀乎天文以察時變,觀乎人文以化成天下。」 然則三極雖殊,妙本同一; 顯昧雖遐,契齊影響。 尋其應感之符,測乎冥通之數,天人之際,可見明矣。 夫機象冥緬,至理幽玄,豈伊管智所能究暢。 然歌咏之來,偶同風人,目閱群宿,能不歌吟? 是時也,歲次析木之津,日在翼星之分,閶闔晨鼓而蕭瑟,流火夕暵以摧頹,游氣眇其高搴,辰宿煥焉華布。 覩時逝懷川上之感,步秋林同宋生之戚,歎巨艱之未終,抱殷憂而不寐,遂彷徨於窮谷之裏,杖策陟神巖之側。 乃仰觀太虛,縱目遠覽,吟嘯之頃,懍然增懷。 不覽至理,拔自近情。 常韻發於宵夜,不任咏歌之末,遂援管而為賦。 其辭曰:
The Book of Changes says: Heaven displays signs revealing fortune and misfortune, and the sage takes them as his guide. It also says: "Look to the patterns of heaven to discern the changes of the times; look to the patterns of human culture to transform and civilize the world." Though the three ultimates differ, their subtle source is one; and though the manifest and hidden realms are distant from each other, they respond to each other like shadow and echo. Tracing the signs of mutual response and probing the hidden numbers of communion, the meeting point of heaven and humanity becomes plainly visible. The celestial mechanisms are obscure and the ultimate principle abstruse—no mere human wisdom could fully fathom them. Yet when inspiration comes, one becomes like the poets of old; gazing on the host of stars, how could one refrain from singing? It was the season when the year reached the Split Wood junction and the sun stood in the Wings. At dawn the Gate of Heaven beat its drum in desolation; at dusk the Flowing Fire burned in withering decline. Wandering mists rose to lofty heights, and the constellations blazed in splendid array. Watching time slip away, I felt the sorrow of one standing by the river; walking through autumn woods, I shared Master Song's grief. Sighing that great trials were not yet over, troubled and sleepless, I wandered in a remote valley and climbed a sacred cliff with staff in hand. I raised my eyes to the great void and let my gaze range far; in the act of chanting and sighing, my feelings grew solemn. Unable to grasp the ultimate principle, I drew instead on what lay close at hand. Plain verses came to me in the deep of night; unable to rest with song alone, I took up my brush and wrote this rhapsody. The rhapsody reads:
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陟秀峰以遐眺,望靈象於九霄。 〈陟,昇。 遐,遠。 九霄,九天也。〉 覩紫宮之環周,嘉帝坐之獨標。 〈紫宮垣十五星在北斗北,天皇大帝一星在紫宮中,天帝位尊,故言獨標也。〉 瞻華蓋之蔭藹,何虛中之迢迢。 〈華蓋七星,杠九星,合十六星,在大帝上。 迢迢,高遠之貌。〉 觀閣道之穹隆,想靈駕之電飄。 〈閣道六星在王良東北,天帝之所乘躡,靈駕之所由從。 電飄,疾也。〉 爾乃縱目遠覽,傍極四維,北鑒機衡,南覩太微, 〈四維,四方之維。 機衡,謂北斗星。 太微宮十星在翼軫北。〉 三台皦皦以雙列,皇座冏冏以垂暉, 〈三台凡六星,兩兩而居,起文昌,極太微。 皇座一星在太微星中。 皦皦、冏冏,皆星光明之貌也。〉 虎賁執銳於前階,常陳屯聚於後闈。 〈三台謂之太階,虎賁一星在下台南,故言前階。 常陳七星,如畢狀,在皇座北,皆宿衞天帝前後,備非常。 闈門,宮中之門也。〉 遂回情旋首,次目文昌, 〈文昌七星,在北斗魁前,別一宮之名,皆相位次也。〉 仰見造父,爰及王良。 〈造父五星在傳舍河中。 造父,周穆王御,死,精上為星。 王良五星在奎北。 王良者,晉大夫,善御,九方湮之子。 良一名郵無正,為趙簡子御。 死,精託於星,為天帝之馭官。〉 傅說登天而乘尾,奚仲託精於津陽。 〈傅說一星在尾後。 傅說,殷時隱於巖中,殷王武丁夢得賢人,圖畫其象,求而得之,即立為相。 死,精上為星。 乘尾,在龍駟之間。 奚仲四星在天津北,近河傍。 太古時造車輿者,死而精上為星。 水北曰陽,在河北,故曰津陽也。〉 織女朗列於河湄,牽牛煥然而舒光。 〈織女三星在紀星東端,牽牛六星在河鼓南。 世人復以河鼓為牽牛。〉 五車亭柱於畢陰,兩河俠井而相望。 〈五車三柱,都十四星,在畢東北。 在宿北,故謂之陰。 兩河,南河、北河。 六星俠東井,東西遙相對,故曰相望也。〉 灼灼羣位,落落幽紀,設官分職,罔不悉置。 〈灼灼、落落,皆星光明希疏之貌。 羣位,謂天設三公九卿之官,皇后嬪御之位。 分,謂分其所司,而各有所典。 罔,無。 悉,盡。 言無不盡備,官職亦有之也。〉 儲貳副天,庭延三吏。 〈儲貳,謂太子一星,在帝座北。 三吏,三公星,在太微宮中也。〉 論道納言,各有攸司。 〈論道,謂三公坐而論道。 納言,謂尚書獻可替否。〉 將相次序以衞守,九卿珠連而內侍。 〈太微宮十星皆有上將、上相、次將、次相之位。 九卿三星在太微庭中,行列似珠之相連而內侍。〉 天街分中外之境,四七列九土之異。 〈天街二星,昴畢間,近月星,陰陽之所分,中國之境界。 天街以西屬外國,旄頭氈褐,引弓之民皆屬焉。 天街以東屬中國,縉紳之士,冠帶之倫皆屬焉。 四七二十八宿,角、亢,鄭國兗州; 氐、房、心,陳國豫州; 尾、箕,燕國幽州; 斗、牛,吳國揚州; 女、虛、危,齊國青州; 營室、東壁,衞國并州; 奎、婁,魯國徐州; 胃、昴、畢,趙國冀州; 觜、參,魏國益州; 井、鬼,秦國雍州; 柳星、張,周國洛陽、三河; 翼、軫,楚國荊州。 天有十二次,日月之所經歷; 地有十二州,王侯之所國。 方土所出之物,各有殊異不同者。〉 左則天紀槍棓,攝提大角,二咸防奢,七公理獄。 〈天紀九星在貫索東,天槍三星在北斗杓東,天棓五星在女牀東北。 攝提六星俠大角,大角一星在攝提間。 二咸:東咸四星在房東北,西咸四星在房西北,此星主防奢淫諂佞之事。 七公,七星在招搖東,接近貫索。 貫索為天獄。 刑獄失中,則七公評議,理其冤枉。〉 庫樓炯炯以灼明,騎官騰驤而奮足。 〈庫樓十星在大角南。 騎官二十七星在氐南。 騎官典乘,故曰騰驤也。〉 天市建肆於房心,帝座𥗼落而電燭。 〈天市二十四星在房心北,帝座一星在天市中心。〉 於前則老人、天社,清廟所居。 〈老人一星在弧南,常以春秋分候之。 天社六星亦在弧南。 清廟十四星在張南。〉 明堂配帝,靈臺考符。 〈明堂三星在太微西南角外,靈臺三星在明堂西。〉 丈人極陽而慌忽,子孫嘒嘒於參嵎。 〈丈人二星在軍市西南。 星在南方,故稱極陽。 慌忽,謂星細小,遠邈難見。 老子曰:「忽兮慌兮,其中有象; 慌兮忽兮,其中有物。」 子二星,在丈人東。 嘒,小貌。 孫二星,在子東。 詩云:「嘒彼小星,三五在東。」 此之謂乎?〉 天狗接狼以吠守,野鷄伺晨於參墟。 〈天狗七星在狼北,野鷄一星在參東南。 天市中街主警怖,故曰吠守。 鷄能候時,故曰伺晨。〉 右則少微、軒轅,皇后之位,嬪御相次,尊卑有秩。 〈少微四星在太微西南,北列白衣處士之位。 軒轅十七星在七星北,有皇后嬪御之位,尊卑相次,皆秩序之也。〉 御宮典儀,女史執筆。 〈御宮四星在鈎陳左傍,此星主典司禮儀、威容步趨之事。 女史一星在柱下史北。 女史記識晝夜昏明,節漏省時,在勾陳右傍。〉 內平秉禮以伺邪,天牢禁愆而察失。 〈內平四星在中宮南,有邪媚之事,以禮正之。 天牢六星在北斗魁下,有過失則懲其愆也。〉 於後則有車府、傳舍,匏瓜、天津, 〈車府七星在天津東,傳舍五星在華蓋上,匏瓜五星在麗珠北,天津九星在匏瓜北。〉 扶匡照曜,麗珠珮珍。 〈扶匡七星在天津東,麗珠五星在須女北。 麗桂、衣珠、珮珍,后夫人之盛飾。 其星主皇后之服也。〉 人星麗玄以閑逸,哭泣連屬而趨墳。 〈人星五星在車府南。 麗,附。 玄,天,言人星近於閑逸。 易曰:「日月星辰麗於天。」 石氏經曰:「人星優游,人乃安寧。」 哭二星在虛南,泣三星在哭東。 墳墓四星在危南。 哭、泣星行列趣向墳墓,故曰連屬。〉 河鼓震雷以𥔀磕,騰蛇蟠縈而輪菌。 〈河鼓十二星在南斗北,此星昏中南方而震雷。 易曰:「鼓之以雷霆。」 此之謂也。 此星主聲音,故曰𥔀磕。 騰蛇二十二星在營室北,形狀似蛇,故曰輪菌。〉 於是周章高眄,還旋辰極。 〈辰極,北極。〉 既覿鈎陳中禁,復覩天帝休息。 〈鈎陳六星在紫宮中,天皇大帝之所居。 諸宮別館及天牀星,皆是休息寢臥而游也。〉 漸臺可昇,離宮可即。 〈漸臺、離宮皆天宮臺之名。 漸臺四星在織女東足下。 離宮六星與營室相連。 言天帝或升漸臺而觀,或就離宮而游。 即,就也,禮記曰「即宮于宗周」也。〉 酒旗建醇醪之旌,女牀列窈窕之色。 〈酒旗三星在軒轅左角,天設置酒官為飲燕之事,故建牙旗為標。 女牀三星在紀星東北端,奉侍天王之女。 侍衞天王,必有關睢窈窕之美,無妬忌之心,乃可侍衞天王左右,故言列窈窕之色也。〉 輦道屈曲以微煥,附路立于雲閣之側。 〈輦道五星在織女西足,屈曲而細小,故言微煥也。 附路一星在閣道傍,言天帝出入由閣道附路。 豫防敗傷,故言立於雲閣之側。〉 其列星之表,五車之間,乃有咸池、鴻沼、玉井、天淵、建樹、百果、竹林在焉。 〈列宿之外謂之表。 咸池三星在天潢東,鴻沼二十三星在須女北,玉井四星在參左足下,天淵十星在龜星東南,建樹、百果星在胃南,竹林二十五星在園西南。〉 江河炳著於上穹,素氣霏霏其帶天。 〈江,天江星。 天江四星在尾北,言天江星乃炳然著見於天上。 素氣者,天河白氣。 素,白。 霏霏然,帶著於天也。〉 神龜曜甲於清泠,龍魚摛光以暎連。 〈神龜,龜星也,有五星在尾南。 龜知來事,故稱神。 在河中,故言清泠。 魚龍,謂魚一星,在尾後河中。 尾為龍宿,故言龍魚。 此星在河中,以魚星之映,水有光曜也。〉 又有南門、鼓吹,器府之官,奏彼絲竹,為帝娛歡。 〈南門、鼓吹二星在庫樓南,翼西南。 器府三十二星在軫南。 器府典掌絲竹之事,以娛樂天帝也。〉 熊、羆綿絡於天際,虎、豹儵煜而暉爛。 〈虎、豹、熊、羆四星在狼星傍。〉 弧精引弓以持滿,狼星搖動於霄端。 〈狼一星在參東南,弧九星在狼東南。 星傳云:「天下兵起,則弧弓張天。」〉 其外則有燕、秦、齊、趙,列國之名。 〈外,謂列宿之外,復有諸國之名。 齊一星在九坎東,趙二星在齊北,鄭一星在趙北,越一星在鄭北,周二星在越東,秦二星在周東,代二星在秦南,晉一星在代南,韓一星在晉西,魏一星在韓北,楚一星在韓西,燕一星在楚南。 諸列國之名,凡有十二星也。〉 雷電霹靂,雨落雲征。 〈征,行也。 雷電六星在營室南,霹靂五星在上公西南,雲雨四星在霹靂南。〉 陳車策駕於氐南,天駟騁步於太清。 〈陳車三星在氐南。 房星一名天駟。〉 園苑周回以曲列,倉廩區別而殊形。 〈天園十四星在苑南,天苑十六星在昴、畢南,天倉六星在婁南,天廩四星在昴南,言形象殊別不同也。〉 內則尚書、大理、太一、天一之宮, 〈尚書五星在紫微宮門內東南維。 大理二星在紫微宮中。 太一、天一各一星,相近,在紫宮門南。〉 柱下著術,傳示無窮。 〈柱下史一星,在北極東。〉 六甲候大帝之所須,內厨進御膳於皇躬。 〈六甲在華蓋下,內廚二星在紫宮西南角外。〉 天船橫漢以普濟,積水候災于其中。 〈天船九星在大陵北,積水一星在天船中。〉 陰德播洪施以恤不足,四輔翼皇極而闡玄風。 〈陰德二星在尚書西,四輔四星俠北極。 播,布。 洪,大。 玄,天也。 陰德之官必有陽報。 夫陰施陽報,自然之常數; 貧窮困死,生民之極艱。 以至困乏□死,遭陰德之終。 故窮者不希周恤而惠與自至,施者無求於報而酬答自來。 斯乃冥中之理,大象豈虛構其曜哉? 四輔星既翼佐北極之樞,又能闡揚天帝之風教,故言闡玄風也。〉 恢恢太虛,寥寥帝庭。 〈恢恢、寥寥,皆廣大清虛之貌。 老子曰:「天網恢恢,疏而不失。」 帝謂太微宮也。〉 五座並設,爰集神靈。 〈五座,謂太微宮中五帝座也。 黃帝靈威仰位東方,[3]赤帝赤熛怒位南方,白帝白招矩位西方,黑帝汁光紀位北方,黃帝含樞紐位中央。 五帝各異,並集諸神之宮,與之謀國事。 孝經援神契曰:「並設神靈集謀。」 此之謂也。〉 乃命熒惑,伺彼驕盈。 〈熒惑常以十月、十一月入太微,受制伺無道之國,故曰伺彼驕盈也。〉 執法刺舉於南端,五侯議疑於水衡。 〈太微南門,謂之執法。 刺舉者,刺姦惡,舉有功。 五侯五星在東北。 東井為水衡,辨疑獄,五侯議而評之也。〉 金、火時出以成緯,七宿匡衞而為經。 〈金、火,熒惑、太白也。 七宿,謂一方七宿。 天文謂五星為緯,二十八宿為經,故舉金火七宿為言,則五星二十八宿可知也。 言五星出入,伏見有時,不常出也。〉 暐曄昱其並曜,粲若三春之榮。 〈言星辰布曜,若春日之榮華也。〉
I climb a lofty peak and gaze far, beholding the celestial signs in the nine heavens. 〈Ascend: to rise. Distant: far. Nine heavens: the ninefold sky.〉 I see the Purple Palace encircling all around and admire the Imperial Seat standing alone in prominence. 〈The Purple Palace rampart of fifteen stars lies north of the Northern Dipper; the Celestial Emperor star stands within the Purple Palace. Because the Lord of Heaven holds the supreme position, it is said to stand alone in prominence.〉 I gaze on the Canopy of State in lush shade—how distant and lofty is the void at its center! 〈The Canopy of State has seven stars and the Pole nine stars, sixteen in all, above the Great Emperor. Distant and lofty: describing great height and remoteness.〉 I observe the Celestial Passage arching high and imagine the divine carriage flashing like lightning. 〈The Celestial Passage of six stars lies northeast of Wang Liang; it is where the Lord of Heaven mounts and treads, and the path the divine carriage follows. Lightning flash: swift.〉 Then I let my gaze range far, reaching to the four corners; to the north I observe the Pivot and Balance, to the south I behold the Supreme Palace, 〈The four corners: the boundaries of the four directions. Pivot and Balance: that is, the Northern Dipper. The Supreme Palace of ten stars lies north of the Wings and Chariot.〉 The Three Platforms shine bright in paired rows; the Imperial Seat gleams radiantly, casting down its light, 〈The Three Platforms comprise six stars in all, dwelling two by two, beginning at Literary Glory and reaching to the Supreme Palace. The Imperial Seat is one star within the Supreme Palace. Bright and gleaming: both describe the appearance of stellar radiance.〉 The Tiger Guard holds sharp weapons on the front steps; the Ever Array gathers in force at the rear gate. 〈The Three Platforms are called the Grand Steps; the Tiger Guard star lies south of the lower platform, hence the reference to the front steps. The Ever Array of seven stars, shaped like a net, lies north of the Imperial Seat; all guard the Lord of Heaven before and behind against the unexpected. Rear gate: a gate within the palace.〉 Then turning my gaze, I next look upon Literary Glory, 〈Literary Glory of seven stars lies before the Dipper's head; it is the name of a separate palace, and all are ministerial stars in rank and order.〉 Looking up I see Zaofu, and also Wang Liang. 〈Zaofu of five stars lies in the Relay Inn within the River. Zaofu was charioteer to King Mu of Zhou; when he died, his essence ascended to become a star. Wang Liang of five stars lies north of Kui. Wang Liang was a grandee of Jin, skilled in driving, and the son of Jiufang Yan. Liang was also called You Wuzheng and served as charioteer to Duke Jianzi of Zhao. When he died, his essence lodged in a star and became the Lord of Heaven's charioteer.〉 Fu Yue ascended to heaven and rides the Tail; Xi Zhong entrusted his essence to the north bank of the Ford. 〈Fu Yue is one star behind the Tail. Fu Yue hid in the cliffs during the Shang dynasty. King Wuding dreamed of a worthy man, drew his likeness, found him, and immediately made him chief minister. When he died, his essence ascended to become a star. Riding the Tail: between the Dragon's Team. Xi Zhong of four stars lies north of the Celestial Ford, near the riverbank. In most ancient times the inventor of chariots and carriages, when he died, ascended to become a star. The north bank of a river is called yang; it lies on the north side of the River, hence the name Ford Yang.〉 The Weaving Maid shines in array upon the riverbank; the Oxherd blazes forth and spreads his light. 〈The Weaving Maid of three stars lies at the eastern end of Ji; the Oxherd of six stars lies south of the River Drum. People also take the River Drum to be the Oxherd.〉 The Five Chariots stand like pavilion pillars in the shade of Bi; the Two Rivers flank the Well and gaze at each other. 〈The Five Chariots with three pillars comprise fourteen stars in all, northeast of Bi. They lie north of the lodge, hence called the shade. The Two Rivers: South River and North River. Six stars flank the Eastern Well, facing each other from east and west at a distance, hence the term gazing at each other.〉 The host of offices shines bright; the dark registers stand sparse; offices are established and duties divided—none are left unassigned. 〈Bright and sparse: both describe the appearance of stellar radiance, bright or thinly scattered. The host of offices means the offices Heaven established—the Three Dukes and Nine Ministers, and the positions of empress and consorts. Divided: each is assigned what he oversees, and each has his own charge. None: nothing. Fully: completely. This means nothing is left incomplete; the official posts also exist.〉 The Heir Apparent assists Heaven; the court extends to the Three Ministers. 〈The Heir Apparent refers to the Crown Prince star, north of the Imperial Seat. The Three Ministers are the Three Dukes stars, within the Supreme Palace.〉 Discussing the Way and receiving memorials—each has his proper charge. 〈Discussing the Way: the Three Dukes sit and discuss the Way. Receiving words: the Masters of Writing present what is acceptable and replace what is not.〉 Generals and ministers stand in order to guard; the Nine Ministers link like pearls in inner attendance. 〈The ten stars of the Supreme Palace all have positions for Senior General, Senior Minister, Junior General, and Junior Minister. The Nine Ministers of three stars are in the court of the Supreme Palace, arrayed in rows like linked pearls in inner attendance.〉 The Celestial Street divides the inner and outer realms; the Four Sevens array the differences of the Nine Regions. 〈The Celestial Street of two stars lies between Mao and Bi, near the Moon star—the division of yin and yang, the boundary of the Central States. West of the Celestial Street belongs to foreign lands—the feathered-head, felt-clad, bow-drawing peoples all belong there. East of the Celestial Street belongs to the Central States—the gentry in silk sashes and the ranks of capped and belted officials all belong there. The Four Sevens, twenty-eight lodges: Jiao and Kang—Zheng state, Yanzhou; Di, Fang, and Xin—Chen state, Yuzhou; Wei and Ji—Yan state, Youzhou; Dou and Niu—Wu state, Yangzhou; Nu, Xu, and Wei—Qi state, Qingzhou; Encampment and Eastern Wall—Wei state, Bingzhou; Kui and Lou—Lu state, Xuzhou; Wei, Mao, and Bi—Zhao state, Jizhou; Zi and Shen—Wei state, Yizhou; Jing and Gui—Qin state, Yongzhou; Willow star and Zhang—Zhou state, Luoyang and the Three Rivers; Yi and Zhen—Chu state, Jingzhou. Heaven has twelve stations through which sun and moon pass; Earth has twelve provinces where kings and lords establish their states. The products of each region's soil each have their own special differences.〉 To the left are Celestial Records, Spear and Club, Sheti and Great Horn, the Two Enclosures guarding against excess, and the Seven Lords judging cases. 〈Celestial Records of nine stars lies east of the Coiled Rope; Celestial Spear of three stars lies east of the Dipper's handle; Celestial Club of five stars lies northeast of the Woman's Bed. Sheti of six stars flanks Great Horn; Great Horn of one star lies between the Sheti. The Two Enclosures: Eastern Enclosure of four stars lies northeast of Fang; Western Enclosure of four stars lies northwest of Fang. These stars govern guarding against extravagance, debauchery, flattery, and sycophancy. The Seven Lords: seven stars lie east of Twinkling Indicator, near the Coiled Rope. The Coiled Rope is Heaven's prison. When punishments and prisons are unjust, the Seven Lords deliberate and rectify wrongful cases.〉 Armory Tower blazes bright and luminous; Cavalry Officer rears up and stamps his feet. 〈Armory Tower of ten stars lies south of Great Horn. Cavalry Officer of twenty-seven stars lies south of Di. Cavalry Officer governs riding, hence the term rearing up.〉 The Celestial Market establishes its stalls at Fang and Xin; the Imperial Seat stands prominent, lit like lightning. 〈The Celestial Market of twenty-four stars lies north of Fang and Xin; the Imperial Seat of one star lies at the center of the Celestial Market.〉 Before them dwell the Old Man and the Celestial Altar, where the Pure Temple resides. 〈The Old Man of one star lies south of the Bow; it is usually observed at the spring and autumn equinoxes. The Celestial Altar of six stars also lies south of the Bow. The Pure Temple of fourteen stars lies south of Zhang.〉 The Bright Hall matches the Emperor; the Spirit Platform examines the signs. 〈The Bright Hall of three stars lies outside the southwest corner of the Supreme Palace; the Spirit Platform of three stars lies west of the Bright Hall.〉 The Old Man at the utmost yang, dim and fleeting; sons and grandsons twinkle faintly at the corner of Shen. 〈The Old Man of two stars lies southwest of the Military Market. The star is in the south, hence called utmost yang. Dim and fleeting: the star is small, distant and hard to see. Laozi said: "Dim and fleeting—yet within it there is form; Fleeting and dim—within it there is substance." The Son of two stars lies east of the Old Man. Twinkling: a small appearance. The Grandson of two stars lies east of the Son. The Odes say: "Twinkling are those small stars, three or five in the east." Is this not what is meant?〉 Celestial Dog joins the Wolf in barking guard; Wild Cock watches for dawn at the ruins of Shen. 〈Celestial Dog of seven stars lies north of the Wolf; Wild Cock of one star lies southeast of Shen. The central street of the Celestial Market governs alarm and fear, hence the term barking guard. The cock can tell the hour, hence the term watching for dawn.〉 To the right are Lesser Supreme and Chariot Pivot—the empress's position, consorts following in order, high and low in rank. 〈Lesser Supreme of four stars lies southwest of the Supreme Palace; to the north are arrayed the positions of white-robed recluses. Chariot Pivot of seventeen stars lies north of the Seven Stars; there are positions for empress and consorts, high and low in order—all arranged in sequence.〉 Palace Mistress governs ritual; the Female Scribe holds the brush. 〈Palace Mistress of four stars lies beside the left of Gouchen; this star governs overseeing ritual, dignified bearing, and gait and pace. The Female Scribe of one star lies north of the Scribe Beneath the Pillar. The Female Scribe records and marks day and night, dusk and dawn, regulating the clepsydra and checking the time; she lies beside the right of Gouchen.〉 Inner Peace upholds ritual to watch for wickedness; Celestial Prison restrains faults and examines errors. 〈Inner Peace of four stars lies south of the Central Palace; when there are wicked and flattering affairs, ritual is used to correct them. Celestial Prison of six stars lies beneath the Dipper's head; when there are faults, their transgressions are punished.〉 Behind are Chariot Depot, Relay Inn, Gourd, and Celestial Ford, 〈Chariot Depot of seven stars lies east of the Celestial Ford; Relay Inn of five stars lies atop the Canopy of State; Gourd of five stars lies north of Beautiful Pearl; Celestial Ford of nine stars lies north of Gourd.〉 Supporting Frame shines bright; Beautiful Pearl and pendant gems. 〈Supporting Frame of seven stars lies east of the Celestial Ford; Beautiful Pearl of five stars lies north of Maid. Beautiful cassia, garment pearls, and pendant gems—the empress's splendid adornments. These stars govern the empress's attire.〉 Human Star attached to heaven in leisure; Weeping linked in succession, hastening to the tomb. 〈Human Star of five stars lies south of Chariot Depot. Attached: joined. Heaven: that is, heaven—the Human Star is close to leisure and ease. The Book of Changes says: "Sun, moon, and stars are attached to heaven." The Classic of Master Shi says: "When the Human Star is at ease, the people are at peace." Weeping of two stars lies south of Xu; Sobbing of three stars lies east of Weeping. Tombs of four stars lies south of Wei. The Weeping and Sobbing stars are arrayed in rows heading toward the Tombs, hence the term linked in succession.〉 River Drum thunders like crashing thunder; Soaring Serpent coils and winds in spiral rings. 〈River Drum of twelve stars lies north of the Southern Dipper; when this star is at the center of the southern sky at dusk, thunder resounds. The Book of Changes says: "Rouse them with thunder and lightning." This is what is meant. This star governs sound, hence the term crashing thunder. Soaring Serpent of twenty-two stars lies north of Encampment; its shape resembles a serpent, hence the term spiral rings.〉 Then I looked about in all directions and turned back toward the Pole of the Heavens. 〈Pole of the Heavens: the North Pole.〉 I had already seen Gouchen at the central forbidden precinct; I again beheld the Lord of Heaven at rest. 〈Gouchen of six stars lies within the Purple Palace, where the Celestial Emperor dwells. The various palaces, separate lodges, and Celestial Bed star are all places where he rests, sleeps, and roams.〉 Gradual Terrace may be ascended; Detached Palace may be approached. 〈Gradual Terrace and Detached Palace are both names of celestial palace terraces. Gradual Terrace of four stars lies at the eastern foot of the Weaving Maid. Detached Palace of six stars connects with Encampment. This means the Lord of Heaven sometimes ascends the Gradual Terrace to observe, or goes to the Detached Palace to roam. Approach: to go to; the Book of Rites says "he took up residence in the palace at Zongzhou."〉 Wine Banner raises the standard of fine wine; Woman's Bed arrays the grace of fair maidens. 〈Wine Banner of three stars lies at the left horn of Chariot Pivot; Heaven established a wine office for feasting and banqueting, hence the banner is raised as a marker. Woman's Bed of three stars lies at the northeastern end of Ji; they attend the daughters of the Lord of Heaven. To attend the Lord of Heaven, one must have the fair grace of Guan Ju and be free of jealousy—only then may one attend at the Lord of Heaven's side; hence the reference to arraying fair grace.〉 Imperial Procession Way winds and bends in faint radiance; Attendant Road stands beside the Cloud Gallery. 〈Imperial Procession Way of five stars lies at the western foot of the Weaving Maid; winding and small, hence the term faint radiance. Attendant Road of one star lies beside the Celestial Passage; the Lord of Heaven enters and exits via the Celestial Passage and Attendant Road. To guard against damage and injury, hence the term standing beside the Cloud Gallery.〉 Beyond the array of stars, between the Five Chariots, lie Salt Pool, Vast Marsh, Jade Well, Celestial Abyss, Planted Trees, Hundred Fruits, and Bamboo Grove. 〈Beyond the lodges is called the outer region. Salt Pool of three stars lies east of the Celestial Ford; Vast Marsh of twenty-three stars lies north of Maid; Jade Well of four stars lies at the left foot of Shen; Celestial Abyss of ten stars lies southeast of the Turtle star; Planted Trees and Hundred Fruits stars lie south of Stomach; Bamboo Grove of twenty-five stars lies southwest of the Garden.〉 River and Stream shine bright in the upper vault; white vapor drifts in mist, girdling heaven. 〈River: the Celestial River star. Celestial River of four stars lies north of Tail; the Celestial River star shines clearly visible in the sky. White vapor: the white mist of the Milky Way. White: pale. Drifting in mist, girdling heaven.〉 Divine Turtle gleams its shell in clear cool waters; dragon and fish scatter light to reflect in succession. 〈Divine Turtle is the Turtle star, five stars south of Tail. The turtle knows future events, hence called divine. It lies in the river, hence the term clear and cool. Dragon and fish: that is, Fish of one star, in the river behind Tail. Tail is the dragon lodge, hence dragon and fish. This star lies in the river; reflected by the Fish star, the water has a luminous glow.〉 There are also Southern Gate and Drum and Pipe, the Instrument Storehouse offices, playing string and bamboo music to delight the Emperor. 〈Southern Gate and Drum and Pipe of two stars lie south of Armory Tower, southwest of Wings. Instrument Storehouse of thirty-two stars lies south of Chariot Shaft. Instrument Storehouse governs string and bamboo affairs to entertain the Lord of Heaven.〉 Bear and brown bear spread across the sky's edge; tiger and leopard flash bright and blaze with light. 〈Tiger, Leopard, Bear, and Brown Bear of four stars lie beside the Wolf star.〉 Bow Spirit draws the bow to full draw; Wolf star quivers at the edge of the sky. 〈Wolf of one star lies southeast of Shen; Bow of nine stars lies southeast of Wolf. The Star Canon says: "When warfare rises under heaven, the bow is drawn across the sky."〉 Beyond them are Yan, Qin, Qi, and Zhao—the names of the feudal states. 〈Beyond: outside the lodges, there are again the names of various states. Qi of one star lies east of Nine Pitfalls; Zhao of two stars lies north of Qi; Zheng of one star lies north of Zhao; Yue of one star lies north of Zheng; Zhou of two stars lies east of Yue; Qin of two stars lies east of Zhou; Dai of two stars lies south of Qin; Jin of one star lies south of Dai; Han of one star lies west of Jin; Wei of one star lies north of Han; Chu of one star lies west of Han; Yan of one star lies south of Chu. The names of the various feudal states comprise twelve stars in all.〉 Thunder and lightning, crashing thunder; rain falls and clouds march. 〈March: to move. Thunder and Lightning of six stars lies south of Encampment; Crashing Thunder of five stars lies southwest of Senior Duke; Cloud and Rain of four stars lies south of Crashing Thunder.〉 Arrayed Chariots harness and drive south of Di; Celestial Team gallops in the Great Clarity. 〈Arrayed Chariots of three stars lies south of Di. Fang star is also called Celestial Team.〉 Gardens and parks wind around in curved array; granaries and storehouses differ in separate forms. 〈Celestial Garden of fourteen stars lies south of the Garden; Celestial Park of sixteen stars lies south of Mao and Bi; Celestial Granary of six stars lies south of Lou; Celestial Storehouse of four stars lies south of Mao—their forms differ and are not the same.〉 Within are the palaces of Master of Writing, Grand Judge, Grand One, and Heavenly One, 〈Master of Writing of five stars lies within the Purple Palace gate at the southeast corner. Grand Judge of two stars lies within the Purple Palace. Grand One and Heavenly One, one star each, lie close together south of the Purple Palace gate.〉 Scribe Beneath the Pillar records techniques, transmitting them without end. 〈Scribe Beneath the Pillar of one star lies east of the North Pole.〉 Six Jia attend to what the Great Emperor requires; Inner Kitchen presents imperial fare to the royal person. 〈Six Jia lie beneath the Canopy of State; Inner Kitchen of two stars lies outside the southwest corner of the Purple Palace.〉 Celestial Boat crosses the Milky Way to give universal aid; Accumulated Water watches for disaster within it. 〈Celestial Boat of nine stars lies north of Great Tomb; Accumulated Water of one star lies within Celestial Boat.〉 Hidden Virtue spreads great bounty to relieve the needy; Four Assistants flank the imperial pivot and expound the celestial teaching. 〈Hidden Virtue of two stars lies west of Master of Writing; Four Assistants of four stars flank the North Pole. Spread: to distribute. Great: large. Celestial: heaven. The office of Hidden Virtue must have a yang recompense. Hidden giving and open reward are the constant numbers of nature; poverty, hardship, and death by starvation are the utmost trials of the people. To reach such destitution and □ death is to encounter the end of Hidden Virtue. Thus the destitute need not hope for relief yet bounty comes of itself; the giver seeks no reward yet recompense comes unbidden. This is the principle within the hidden realm—would the great signs vainly fabricate their radiance? The Four Assistants stars both flank and assist the pivot of the North Pole and can expound and spread the Lord of Heaven's teachings, hence the term expounding the celestial teaching.〉 Vast is the great void; spacious is the imperial court. 〈Vast and spacious: both describe the appearance of broadness and clear emptiness. Laozi said: "Heaven's net is vast; though sparse, nothing escapes it." Emperor refers to the Supreme Palace.〉 Five thrones are all established; numinous spirits gather here. 〈Five thrones: the seats of the Five Emperors within the Supreme Palace. Yellow Emperor Lingweiyang holds the east; [3] Red Emperor Chibinu holds the south; White Emperor Baizhaoju holds the west; Black Emperor Zhiguangji holds the north; Yellow Emperor Hanshuniu holds the center. The Five Emperors each differ, all gathering at the palace of the spirits to deliberate on state affairs with them. The Apocryphal Text on Divine Accord of the Classic of Filial Piety says: "Thrones are established and spirits gather to deliberate." This is what is meant.〉 Then he commanded Sparkling Deluder to watch those who are arrogant and excessive. 〈Sparkling Deluder usually enters the Supreme Palace in the tenth and eleventh months, constrained to watch over lawless states, hence the term watching those who are arrogant and excessive.〉 Law Enforcement investigates and reports at the southern gate; the Five Marquises deliberate on doubtful cases at the Water Balance. 〈The southern gate of the Supreme Palace is called Law Enforcement. Investigate and report: to expose wickedness and recommend merit. The Five Marquises of five stars lie in the northeast. Eastern Well is the Water Balance, judging doubtful cases; the Five Marquises deliberate and assess them.〉 Metal and Fire appear at times to form the weft; seven lodges guard and support as the warp. 〈Metal and Fire: Sparkling Deluder and Great White. Seven lodges: the seven lodges of one direction. In astronomy the five planets are called the weft and the twenty-eight lodges the warp; thus by mentioning Metal, Fire, and seven lodges, the five planets and twenty-eight lodges may be understood. This means the five planets rise and set, hide and appear at fixed times, and do not always emerge.〉 Bright and luminous they shine together, splendid as the glory of late spring. 〈This means the stars spread their radiance like the splendor of spring.〉
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覩夫天官之羅布,故作則於華京。 〈言天官羅布於上,王者法效於下。 論語曰「惟天為大,惟堯則之」也。〉 及其災異之興,出無常所。 〈言災異出無常宿,隨其善惡而處之。 假使鄭國有事,則變見角亢也。〉 歸邪繽紛,飛流電舉。 〈如星非星,如雲非雲,謂之歸邪。 夾以微氣,故稱繽紛。 飛,飛星也。 流,流星也。 飛星與流星各異,飛星焱去而迹絕,流星迹存而不滅。 電舉者,似焱電長。〉 妖星起則殃及晉平,蛇乘龍則禍連周楚。 〈春秋魯襄公十年春正月戊子,妖星出於婺女,見於申維。 婺女屬齊,申為晉分。 梓慎見妖星出,知晉侯以戊子日死。 蛇乘龍,謂襄公二十八年,歲星次天津,於玄枵十五度,在虛下。 歲星主木,位在東,體合房心,故名龍。 虛在坎,坎子位,次玄枵,龜蛇之類。 歲星失次,行虛之外,出其下,故曰蛇乘龍。 龍位壽星,宋鄭之分。 梓慎見蛇乘龍,知飢在宋鄭。 然裨竈以為周王及楚子皆死。 二人推變不同,所見各異。 梓慎、裨竈,古之良史也。〉 或取證於逢公,或推變於衝午。 〈逢公,齊邑,姜之先。 言逢公死時,亦有此星見,梓慎推星,以此方之,知晉平公將死。 衝午,謂虛宿對午。 午為張、翼,張、翼周楚之分,裨竈占知周王、楚子死,故言推變於衝午。〉 乃有欽明光被,填逆水府。 〈昔堯遭洪水,填星逆行入水府。 書曰:「欽明文思,光被萬邦。」〉 洪波滔天,功隆大禹。 〈言洪水既出,堯命鮌治之而功不成,乃復命禹治而平之,禹有濟世之難,治水之功。 書曰:「洪水滔天。」 又曰:「禹錫玄圭,告厥成功。」〉 此則冥數之大運,非治綱之失緒。 〈言先遭洪水,致填星逆行之異,非不德所致,此乃運數應爾也。〉 蓋象外之妙,不可以粗理尋; 重玄之內,難以熒燎覩。 〈言玄理微妙,不可知見也。〉 至於精靈所感,迅踰駭嚮。 荊軻慕丹,則白虹貫日而不徹; 〈昔荊軻慕燕太子丹之義,入秦為刺客,雖至精感上而事竟不捷。〉 衞生畫策,則太白食昴而摛朗。 〈昔衞先生為秦畫策於長平,昭王疑而不信,太白有食昴之變。〉 魯陽指麾,而曜靈為之回駕; 〈魯陽,古之賢人,以手麾日,能再回也。〉 嚴陵來游,而客氣著於乾象。 〈昔光武為白衣時,與嚴陵相厚善。 及登帝位,陵來入見,太史奏曰:「客星犯帝座。」 光武詔曰:「乃嚴子陵,非客。」〉 斯皆至感動於神祇,誠應效於既往。 爾乃四氣鱗次,斗建辰移。 雖無聲言,三光是知。 〈言四時代謝不常,每月斗移建一辰,天無聲言語,止以星辰見變譴以示人也。〉 星中定於昏明,影度以之不差。 測水旱於未然,占方來之安危。 〈孟春正月,昏參中,旦尾中; 仲春之月,昏弧中,旦建星中; 季春之月,昏七星中,旦牽牛中; 孟夏之月,昏翼中,旦婺女中; 仲夏之月,昏亢中,旦危中; 季夏之月,昏心中,旦奎中; 孟秋之月,昏建星中,旦畢中; 仲秋之月,昏牽牛中,旦觜觿中; 季秋之月,昏虛中,旦柳中; 孟冬之月,昏危中,旦七星中; 仲冬之月,昏東壁中,旦軫中; 季冬之月,昏婁中,旦氐中。 冬至之日,建八尺之標,影長一丈三尺五寸也,夏至之日影長一尺六寸也。 影長為水,影短為旱也。〉 陰精乘箕,則大飊暮鼓; 西南入畢,則淫雨滂沲。 〈陰精,月也。 東北失道入箕,則多風。 移而西南,失道入畢,則多雨。 雨三日為淫雨。 詩云:「月麗于畢,俾滂沲矣。」 書曰:「星有好風,星有好雨。」 此之謂也。〉 譬猶晉鍾之應銅山,風雲之從班螭。 〈言雲從龍,風從虎,同氣相求,同類相應,蜀山崩而晉鍾鳴也。〉 若夫冥車潛駕,時乘六虬。 大儀回運,萬象俱流。 〈六虬,六龍。 易曰:「時乘六龍以御天。」 此皆是天回運轉。〉 北斗俄其西傾,羣星忽以匿幽。 〈幽,暗也。〉 望舒縱轡以騁度,靈輪浹旦而過周。 〈望舒,月也。 月,日行十三度十九分度之七,周天凡三百六十五度四分度之一。 天一日一夜運轉過周一度。 浹,匝也,至旦曉而過匝,故曰浹旦而過周也。〉
Seeing the celestial offices spread in array, kings therefore take them as models for the splendid capital. 〈This means the celestial offices are spread above, and kings emulate them below. The Analects says "Only Heaven is great; only Yao matched it."〉 When calamities and anomalies arise, they appear at no fixed place. 〈This means calamities and anomalies appear at no fixed lodge but settle according to good or evil. If Zheng state had trouble, the omen would appear at Jiao and Kang.〉 Returning Evil in profusion; flying stars, streaming stars, and lightning rise. 〈Like stars yet not stars, like clouds yet not clouds—this is called Returning Evil. Mixed with faint vapor, hence called profusion. Flying: the flying star. Streaming: the streaming star. Flying star and streaming star differ: the flying star blazes away and its trail vanishes; the streaming star leaves a trail that does not fade. Lightning rise: like blazing lightning stretching long.〉 When an evil star rises, disaster reaches Duke Ping of Jin; when serpent mounts dragon, calamity links Zhou and Chu. 〈In spring of the tenth year of Duke Xiang of Lu, first month, day wuzi, an evil star appeared from Maid and was seen in the Shen quarter. Maid belongs to Qi; Shen is Jin's allotment. Zishen saw the evil star appear and knew the Marquis of Jin would die on day wuzi. Serpent mounting dragon: in the twenty-eighth year of Duke Xiang, the Year Star reached the Celestial Ford, at fifteen degrees of Dark Epsilon, below Xu. The Year Star governs wood, its position in the east; its body corresponds to Fang and Xin, hence called dragon. Xu is in Kan, the zi position, next to Dark Epsilon, of the turtle-and-serpent kind. The Year Star lost its station, traveling outside Xu and emerging below it, hence serpent mounting dragon. The dragon position is Longevity Star, the allotment of Song and Zheng. Zishen saw serpent mounting dragon and knew famine would be in Song and Zheng. Yet Pizao believed both the King of Zhou and the Lord of Chu would die. The two men interpreted the omen differently and saw different outcomes. Zishen and Pizao were fine historians of antiquity.〉 Some took proof from Duke of Feng; some traced the omen to the clash at Wu. 〈Duke of Feng: a Qi settlement, ancestor of the Jiang clan. When Duke of Feng died, this star also appeared; Zishen traced the star and compared by this, knowing Duke Ping of Jin would die. Clash at Wu: Xu lodge opposes Wu. Wu is Zhang and Yi; Zhang and Yi are the allotments of Zhou and Chu; Pizao divined and knew the King of Zhou and Lord of Chu would die, hence tracing the omen to the clash at Wu.〉 Then there was reverent brilliance spreading light, and the Earth Star moving retrograde into the Water Office. 〈In ancient times Yao encountered the great flood; the Earth Star moved retrograde into the Water Office. The Documents say: "Reverent, brilliant, refined, and thoughtful, his glory spread over all the states."〉 Great waves engulfed heaven; the achievement ascended to Great Yu. 〈When the flood had risen, Yao ordered Gun to control it but the work did not succeed; he then ordered Yu to control it and level it. Yu had the hardship of saving the world and the achievement of controlling water. The Documents say: "The flood engulfed heaven." It also says: "Yu was granted the dark jade scepter and reported the completion of his work."〉 This was the great cycle of hidden numbers, not a lapse in governance. 〈First encountering the flood caused the anomaly of the Earth Star moving retrograde; it was not caused by lack of virtue—this was the cycle of fate responding thus.〉 The wonder beyond signs cannot be sought by coarse reasoning; within the doubly hidden, it is hard to see by torchlight. 〈This means the hidden principle is subtle and cannot be known or seen.〉 As for what spirits feel, it swiftly surpasses alarm and echo. When Jing Ke admired Dan, a white rainbow pierced the sun but did not pass through; 〈In ancient times Jing Ke admired the righteousness of Crown Prince Dan of Yan and entered Qin as an assassin; though his utmost sincerity moved heaven, the affair in the end did not succeed.〉 When Master Wei drew up strategy, Great White eclipsed Mao and blazed bright. 〈In ancient times Master Wei drew up strategy for Qin at Changping; King Zhaoxang doubted and did not believe; Great White had the anomaly of eclipsing Mao.〉 Luyang waved his hand, and the Radiant Spirit turned back its carriage for him; 〈Luyang was a worthy man of antiquity who waved at the sun with his hand and could make it turn back twice.〉 When Yan Ling came to visit, guest qi appeared in the celestial signs. 〈In ancient times when Emperor Guangwu was still in common dress, he and Yan Ling were close friends. When he ascended the throne, Ling came to see him; the Grand Astrologer reported: "The Guest Star violates the Imperial Seat." Emperor Guangwu decreed: "It is Yan Ziling, not a guest."〉 These all deeply moved the spirits and truly responded in times past. Then the four seasons follow in scale; the Dipper establishes and the stations shift. Though there is no spoken word, the Three Luminaries know. 〈The four seasons succeed each other without fixity; each month the Dipper shifts to establish one station; heaven has no spoken words but only shows reproof through changes in the stars.〉 Lodges at culmination are fixed at dusk and dawn; shadow measures by them are not in error. Flood and drought are measured before they occur; the safety or peril of regions to come is prognosticated. 〈First month of early spring: at dusk Shen at culmination, at dawn Tail at culmination; second month of mid-spring: at dusk Bow at culmination, at dawn Establishment star at culmination; third month of late spring: at dusk Seven Stars at culmination, at dawn Oxherd at culmination; first month of early summer: at dusk Wings at culmination, at dawn Maid at culmination; second month of mid-summer: at dusk Kang at culmination, at dawn Wei at culmination; third month of late summer: at dusk Heart at culmination, at dawn Kui at culmination; first month of early autumn: at dusk Establishment star at culmination, at dawn Bi at culmination; second month of mid-autumn: at dusk Oxherd at culmination, at dawn Zi and Zhi at culmination; third month of late autumn: at dusk Xu at culmination, at dawn Willow at culmination; first month of early winter: at dusk Wei at culmination, at dawn Seven Stars at culmination; second month of mid-winter: at dusk Eastern Wall at culmination, at dawn Chariot Shaft at culmination; third month of late winter: at dusk Lou at culmination, at dawn Di at culmination. On the day of the winter solstice, an eight-foot gnomon is set up; the shadow is one zhang three chi five cun; on the day of the summer solstice the shadow is one chi six cun. Long shadow means flood; short shadow means drought.〉 When yin essence mounts Winnowing Basket, great gales beat the evening drum; entering Bi to the southwest, then excessive rain pours down. 〈Yin essence: the moon. Losing its path to the northeast and entering Winnowing Basket, then much wind. Shifting to the southwest, losing its path and entering Bi, then much rain. Rain for three days is excessive rain. The Odes say: "The moon stops at Bi, and sends down the pouring rain." The Documents say: "Stars have affinity for wind; stars have affinity for rain." This is what is meant.〉 It is like the Jin bell responding when the copper mountain collapsed, or wind and clouds following the striped dragon. 〈This means clouds follow the dragon and wind follows the tiger—like qi seeks like, like kinds respond; when the Shu mountains collapsed the Jin bell rang.〉 As for the dark carriage secretly driven, riding the six hornless dragons in season. The Great Instrument turns in its cycle; the myriad signs all flow. 〈Six hornless dragons: six dragons. The Book of Changes says: "In season ride the six dragons to govern heaven." This all refers to heaven turning in its cycle.〉 The Northern Dipper suddenly tilts west; the host of stars suddenly hide in darkness. 〈Dark: dim.〉 Wangshu loosens the reins to gallop through the degrees; the numinous wheel completes the circuit by dawn. 〈Wangshu: the moon. The moon travels thirteen degrees and seven nineteenths of a degree per day; a full circuit is three hundred sixty-five and one quarter degrees. Heaven in one day and one night turns one degree of the full circuit. Complete: a full circuit; reaching dawn and completing the circuit, hence completing the circuit by dawn.〉
13
爾乃凝神遠矚,曬目八荒。 察之無象,視之眇茫。 狀若渾元之未判別,又似浮海而覩滄浪。 幽遐迥以希夷,寸眸焉能究其傍。 〈凝神,精不動也。 言極遠傍視,茫然若造化之始,元氣未分,似浮海遠望而不見其邊。 論語曰:「乘桴浮於海。」 老子曰:聽之不聞其聲,名曰希; 視之不見其形,名曰夷。〉 於是乎夜對山水,栖心高鏡。 遠尋終古,攸然獨詠。 美景星之繼晝,大唐堯之德盛。 〈瑞應圖曰:「景星大如半月,生於晦朔,助月光明。」 當堯之時,有此星見,故美堯之德能致之也。〉 嘉黃星之靡鋒,明虞舜之不競。 〈昔舜將受禪於堯,先有星見,圓而無鋒芒。 言舜當用土德王天下。 星見而無芒角者,示揖讓而受,不以兵事爭競也。〉 疇呂尚之宵夢,善登輔而翼聖。 〈昔太公未遇文王時,釣魚於磻溪,夜夢得北斗輔星神告尚以伐紂之意。 事見尚書中候篇也。〉 欽管仲之察微,見虛、危而知命。 〈昔管仲與鮑叔牙商賈於南陽,見三星聚虛危之分,知齊將有霸主,遂共戮力,來投齊地也。〉 歎熒惑之舍心,高宋景之守政。 〈當春秋時,熒惑守心,景公不從史韋之言,熒惑退舍,而延二十年。〉 壯漢祖之入秦,奇五緯之聚映。 〈昔漢祖入秦,五星聚於東井,秦之分。〉 爾乃歷象既周,相佯巖際。 〈相佯,倘佯也。 尚書曰:「歷象日月星辰。」〉 尋圖籍之所記,著星變乎書契。 覽前代之將淪,咸譴告於昏世。 〈言先代之君將淪亡,天必告災異之徵也。〉 桀斬諫以星孛,紂酖荒而致彗。 〈夫景星見則太平應,彗孛作而禍亂興,天之常也。 昔夏桀無道,斬關龍逢而極惡,孛星見,湯伐之,放於鳴條之野。 殷紂設炮烙之形,彗星出,武王懸之白旗也。〉 恒不見以周衰,枉蛇行而秦滅。 〈昔魯莊公十年夏四月,恒星不見,自是以後周室衰微。 枉矢出,蛇行而無尾,自昔項羽入關,有此變。 見漢書。〉 諒人事之有由,豈妖災之虛設。 〈言天以冥應,玄象為變,要由人事,豈妖災而已。〉 誠庸主之難悛,故明君之所察。 〈言庸君闇主,玄象譴告,不能改行自新以答天變; 賢君明主則不然,見天災異,懼而修德也。〉 堯無為猶觀象,而況德非乎先哲。 〈夫唐堯至治,猶歷象璇璣,闚七政,況德不及古,而不觀之乎。〉
Then I concentrated my spirit and gazed far, letting my eyes range over the eight directions. Examining it, there is no form; viewing it, it is vast and boundless. It seems like primordial chaos before division, or like floating on the sea and beholding the vast waves. Remote and distant, rare and formless—how could an inch-wide gaze fathom its bounds? 〈Concentrating the spirit: the essence does not move. This means gazing far to the side, blankly like the beginning of creation when primal qi was undivided, like floating on the sea and looking far without seeing its edge. The Analects says: "Ride a raft and float on the sea." Laozi said: Listen but do not hear its sound—this is called rare; look but do not see its form—this is called formless.〉 Then at night facing mountains and waters, I rested my heart in the high mirror. Seeking far into antiquity, I sang alone with quiet ease. I praised the Luminous Star continuing daylight, and the great virtue of Tang Yao. 〈The Chart of Auspicious Responses says: "The Luminous Star is large as half a moon, born at new and full moon, aiding the moon's brightness." In Yao's time this star appeared, hence we praise Yao's virtue for bringing it forth.〉 I praised the Yellow Star without sharp points, showing Yu Shun's lack of contention. 〈In ancient times when Shun was about to receive the abdication from Yao, a star appeared first, round and without sharp points. This means Shun would use the virtue of Earth to rule all under heaven. A star appearing without rays or horns shows receiving through yielding, not contending by military force.〉 I recalled Lü Shang's dream at night, how he ascended to assist and wing the sage. 〈In ancient times before the Grand Duke met King Wen, he fished at Panxi; at night he dreamed the spirit of the Dipper's Assistant star told Shang of the intent to attack Zhou. The account appears in the Apocryphal Text of the Documents.〉 I admired Guan Zhong's discerning the subtle, seeing Xu and Wei and knowing fate. 〈In ancient times Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya traded together at Nanyang; they saw three stars gathered in the Xu-Wei division and knew Qi would have a hegemon; they joined forces and came to Qi.〉 I sighed over Sparkling Deluder dwelling at the Heart, and exalted Song Jing's guarding his governance. 〈In Spring and Autumn times Sparkling Deluder dwelt at the Heart; Duke Jing did not follow Shi Wei's words; Sparkling Deluder withdrew, extending his reign twenty years.〉 I extolled the Han Founder's entering Qin, and the marvel of the five planets gathering in radiance. 〈In ancient times when the Han Founder entered Qin, the five planets gathered at Eastern Well, Qin's allotment.〉 Then the calendar and signs being complete, I wandered idly at the cliff's edge. 〈Wandering idly: strolling at ease. The Documents say: "The calendar and signs, sun, moon, and stars."〉 Searching what the charts and records note, I set down stellar changes in written contracts. Reviewing former ages about to fall, all were warned in darkened times. 〈This means when former ages' rulers were about to perish, heaven always announced omens of calamity and anomaly.〉 Jie executed remonstrators and a broom star appeared; Zhou was debauched and wasteful and a comet came. 〈When the Luminous Star appears, peace responds; when comets and broom stars arise, calamity and disorder rise—this is heaven's constant. In ancient times Xia Jie was without the Way, executed Guan Longfeng to the utmost evil; a broom star appeared; Tang attacked him and exiled him to the wilds of Mingtiao. Yin Zhou set up the branding pillar; a comet appeared; King Wu raised the white banner against him.〉 Fixed stars invisible marked Zhou's decline; Crooked Arrow serpent-moving marked Qin's destruction. 〈In ancient times in the fourth month of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, fixed stars were not seen; from then on the Zhou house declined. Crooked Arrow appeared, moving serpent-like without a tail; from the time Xiang Yu entered the passes, there was this omen. See the Book of Han.〉 Surely human affairs have their causes—how could calamitous omens be vainly set forth? 〈This means heaven responds in the hidden realm and celestial signs change accordingly; the key lies in human affairs—calamitous omens are not mere omens alone.〉 Truly mediocre rulers are hard to reform; hence enlightened rulers examine these signs. 〈This means dark and mediocre rulers, when celestial signs warn them, cannot change their conduct to answer heaven's changes; worthy and enlightened rulers are not so—when they see heavenly calamities and anomalies, they fear and cultivate virtue.〉 Even Yao in non-action still observed the signs—how much more so those whose virtue falls short of the ancients? 〈When Tang Yao's governance was utmost, he still examined the celestial armillary and the seven regulators—how much more should those whose virtue does not match antiquity observe them?〉
14
先是太祖、太宗時太史令王亮、蘇坦,世祖後破和龍,得馮文通太史令閔盛,高祖時太史令趙樊生,並知天文。 後太史趙勝、趙翼、趙洪慶、胡世榮、胡法通等二族,世業天官者。 又有容城令徐路善占候。 世宗時坐事繫冀州獄,別駕崔隆宗就禁慰問,路曰:「昨夜驛馬星流,計赦即時應至。」 隆宗先信之,遂遣人、試出城候焉,俄而赦至。 時人重之。 永安中,詔以恒州民高崇祖善天文,每占吉凶有驗,特除中散大夫。 永熙中,詔通直散騎常侍孫僧化與太史令胡世榮、張龍、趙洪慶及中書舍人孫子良等,在門下外省校比天文書。 集甘、石二家星經及漢魏以來二十三家經占,集為五十五卷。 後集諸家撮要,前後所上雜占,以類相從,日月五星、二十八宿、中外官圖,合為七十五卷。
Previously under Emperors Daowu and Mingyuan, Grand Astrologers Wang Liang and Su Tan; after Emperor Taiwu conquered Helong, he obtained Feng Wentong's Grand Astrologer Min Sheng; under Emperor Gaozu, Grand Astrologer Zhao Fansheng—all understood astronomy. Later Grand Astrologers Zhao Sheng, Zhao Yi, Zhao Hongqing, Hu Shirong, Hu Fatong, and others of two clans—their families for generations practiced the celestial office. There was also Rongcheng Magistrate Xu Lu, skilled in observation and prognostication. Under Emperor Shizong he was imprisoned in Jizhou for an offense; Assistant Governor Cui Longzong came to the prison to console him. Lu said, "Last night the relay-horse star streamed—I calculate an amnesty will arrive immediately." Longzong believed him first and sent someone to test by going outside the city to wait; soon the amnesty arrived. People of the time valued him highly. In the Yong'an era, an edict appointed Gao Chongzu of Hengzhou, skilled in astronomy whose prognostications of fortune and misfortune were often verified, as Regular Palace Attendant in special appointment. In the Yongxi era, an edict ordered Direct Palace Attendant Sun Senghua together with Grand Astrologer Hu Shirong, Zhang Long, Zhao Hongqing, and Palace Secretariat Attendant Sun Ziliang and others to collate and compare astronomical books in the outer office under the Gate. They compiled the star canons of the Gan and Shi schools and twenty-three schools of prognostication from Han and Wei, totaling fifty-five scrolls. Later they gathered essentials from various schools and miscellaneous prognostications submitted before and after, arranged by category; sun, moon, five planets, twenty-eight lodges, and inner and outer official charts—seventy-five scrolls in all.
15
僧化者,東莞人。 識星分,案天占以言災異,[4]時有所中。 普泰中,尒朱世隆惡其多言,遂繫於廷尉,免官。 永熙中,出帝召僧化與中散大夫孫安都共撰兵法,未就而帝入關,遂罷。 元象中死於晉陽。
Senghua was a man of Dongguan. He knew stellar divisions and, consulting celestial prognostication, spoke of calamities and anomalies, [4] sometimes hitting the mark. In the Putai era Erzhu Shilong disliked his many words and had him imprisoned in the Court of Justice; he was dismissed from office. In the Yongxi era Emperor Chu summoned Senghua and Regular Palace Attendant Sun An'du to compile military treatises together; before completion the emperor entered the passes and the work was abandoned. He died at Jinyang in the Yuanxiang era.
16
時有河間信都芳,字王琳,[5]好學善天文算數,甚為安豐王延明所知。 延明家有羣書,欲抄集五經算事為五經宗及古今樂事為樂書; 又聚渾天、欹器、地動、銅烏漏刻、候風諸巧事,并圖畫為器準。 並令芳算之。 會延明南奔,芳乃自撰注。 後隱於并州樂平之東山。 太守慕容保樂聞而召之,芳不得已而見焉。 於是保樂弟紹宗薦之於齊獻武王,以為中外府田曹參軍。 芳性清儉質樸,不與物和。 紹宗給其騾馬,不肯乘騎; 夜遣婢侍以試之,芳忿呼毆擊,不聽近己。 狷介自守,無求於物。 後亦注重差勾股,復撰史宗,仍自注之,合數十卷。 武定中卒。
At that time there was Xin Dufang of Hejian, styled Wanglin, [5] who loved learning and was skilled in astronomy and calculation; he was greatly appreciated by Prince of Anfeng Yanming. Yanming's household had many books; he wished to copy and compile mathematical matters of the Five Classics into a Five Classics Master and musical matters ancient and modern into a Book of Music; he also gathered armillary spheres, tilt vessels, seismoscopes, bronze birds, clepsydrae, wind-indicators, and other ingenious devices, with diagrams as standards for instruments. He had Fang calculate them all. When Yanming fled south, Fang then compiled commentaries himself. Later he hid on the eastern mountain of Leping in Bingzhou. Prefect Murong Baole heard of him and summoned him; Fang had no choice but to see him. Then Baole's younger brother Shaozong recommended him to Prince Xianwu of Qi, who appointed him Field-Camp Officer of the Central and Outer Offices. Fang's nature was pure, frugal, and plain; he did not blend with others. Shaozong provided him with a mule but he refused to ride; at night Shaozong sent maids to test him; Fang angrily shouted and beat them, not allowing them near. He was aloof and self-contained, seeking nothing from others. Later he also studied differential calculus and right triangles, and again compiled a History Master with his own commentary—several tens of scrolls in all. He died in the Wuding era.
17
殷紹,長樂人也。 少聰敏,好陰陽術數,游學諸方,達九章、七曜。 世祖時為算生博士,給事東宮西曹,以藝術為恭宗所知。 太安四年夏,上四序堪輿,表曰:「臣以姚氏之世,行學伊川,時遇游遁大儒成公興,從求九章要術。 興字廣明,自云膠東人也。 山居隱跡,希在人間。 興時將臣南到陽翟九崖巖沙門釋曇影間。 興即北還,臣獨留住,依止影所,求請九章。 影復將臣向長廣東山見道人法穆。 法穆時共影為臣開述九章數家雜要,披釋章次意況大旨。 又演隱審五藏六府心髓血脉,商功大算端部,變化玄象,土圭、周髀。 練精銳思,蘊習四年,從穆所聞,粗皆髣髴。 穆等仁矜,特垂憂閔,復以先師和公所注黃帝四序經文三十六卷,合有三百二十四章,專說天地陰陽之本。 其第一孟序,九卷八十一章,說陰陽配合之原; 第二仲序,九卷八十一章,解四時氣王休殺吉凶; 第三叔序,九卷八十一章,明日月辰宿交會相生為表裏; 第四季序,九卷八十一章,具釋六甲刑禍福德:以此等文傳授於臣。 山神禁嚴,不得齎出,尋究經年,粗舉綱要。 山居險難,無以自供,不堪窘迫,心生懈怠。 以甲寅之年,日維鶉火,月呂林鍾,景氣鬱盛,感物懷歸,奉辭影等。 自爾至今,四十五載。 歷觀時俗堪輿八會,逕世已久,傳寫謬誤,吉凶禁忌,不能備悉。 或考良日而值惡會,舉吉用凶,多逢殃咎。 又史遷、郝振,中古大儒,[6]亦各撰注,流行於世。 配會大小,序述陰陽,依如本經,猶有所闕。 臣前在東宮,以狀奏聞,奉被景穆皇帝聖詔,敕臣撰錄,集其要最。 仰奉明旨,謹審先所見四序經文,抄撮要略,當世所須吉凶舉動,集成一卷。 上至天子,下及庶人,又貴賤階級、尊卑差別、吉凶所用,罔不畢備。 未及內呈,先帝晏駕。 臣時狼狽,幾至不測。 停廢以來,逕由八載,思欲上聞,莫能自徹。 加年夕齒頹,餘齡旦暮,每懼殂殞,填仆溝壑,先帝遺志,不得宣行。 夙夜悲憤,理難違匿,依先撰錄奏,謹以上聞。 請付中祕通儒達士,定其得失。 事若可施,乞即班用。」 其四序堪輿遂大行於世。
Yin Shao was a man of Changle. From youth he was clever and keen, fond of yin-yang arts and numerology; he traveled to study in various regions and mastered the Nine Chapters and Seven Luminaries. Under Emperor Taiwu he was Calculation Student Doctor and served in the Eastern Palace Western Section; through his arts he was known to Prince Gongzong. In the fourth year of Tai'an, summer, he submitted the Four Seasons Geomancy, memorializing: "Your servant, during the Yao clan's era, studied at Yichuan and then met the wandering great scholar Cheng Gongxing, from whom I sought the essentials of the Nine Chapters. Xing, styled Guangming, said he was from Jiaodong. He lived hidden in the mountains, rarely appearing among people. When Xing was about to take your servant south to the Jiuya Cliff of Yangdi to visit the monk Tan Ying. Xing then returned north; your servant alone stayed behind, relying on Ying's place and requesting the Nine Chapters. Ying then took your servant to the eastern mountain of Changguang to see the Daoist Fazmu. Fazmu together with Ying opened and explained the Nine Chapters and various essentials of numerology schools for your servant, unfolding chapter order and main purport. He also expounded hidden examination of the five viscera, six bowels, heart, marrow, and blood vessels; commercial calculation and grand reckoning; sections and variations of dark signs; earth gnomon and Zhou bi. Refining essence and keen thought, practicing four years—what I heard from Mu I roughly grasp in outline. Mu and the others were benevolent and compassionate, especially showing concern; they also gave me the annotated text of the Yellow Emperor's Four Seasons Classic by Master He—thirty-six scrolls, three hundred twenty-four chapters in all, devoted to the roots of heaven and earth, yin and yang. The first, Early Sequence, nine scrolls and eighty-one chapters, explains the origin of yin-yang pairing; The second, Middle Sequence, nine scrolls and eighty-one chapters, explains the waxing and waning, flourishing, resting, and killing of the four seasons and fortune and misfortune; The third, Late Sequence, nine scrolls and eighty-one chapters, clarifies the mutual generation of sun, moon, lodges, and conjunctions as inner and outer; The fourth, Final Sequence, nine scrolls and eighty-one chapters, fully explains the six jia, punishments, blessings, and virtue: these texts were transmitted to your servant. The mountain spirits strictly forbade taking them out; after investigating for years, I roughly extracted the essentials. Mountain life was perilous and I could not support myself; unable to bear the hardship, my mind grew slack. In the jiayin year, when the sun reached the Quail Fire station and the month the Forest Bell pitch, the seasonal qi was lush and abundant, moved by things I longed to return; I took leave of Ying and the others. From then until now, forty-five years. Observing geomancy and the eight assemblies in current custom, they have circulated long with copied errors; taboos of fortune and misfortune cannot be fully known. Sometimes one chooses an auspicious day but hits an inauspicious assembly, using the auspicious for the inauspicious—often meeting disaster and blame. Also Shi Qian and Hao Zhen, great scholars of middle antiquity, [6] each wrote commentaries circulating in the world. In matching assemblies large and small and narrating yin and yang, though following the original classic, there are still gaps. Your servant formerly in the Eastern Palace submitted a memorial on this; he received the sacred edict of Emperor Jingmu ordering your servant to compile and record, gathering the essentials. Upholding the bright command, I respectfully examined the Four Seasons Classic text seen before, copied the essentials needed for current fortune and misfortune in action, and compiled one scroll. From the Son of Heaven down to commoners, and the ranks noble and base, high and low distinctions, and fortune and misfortune used—none are not fully provided. Before presenting internally, the former emperor passed away. Your servant was then in distress, nearly meeting disaster. Since suspension, eight years have passed; I wish to report upward but cannot reach through. Moreover age advances and teeth decline; remaining years are short; I daily fear death and falling into ditches and gullies—the former emperor's last wish cannot be enacted. Day and night grieved and indignant, reason forbids concealment; following the prior compilation I submit, respectfully reporting upward. Please deliver to erudites of the Central Secretariat versed in the classics to determine its gains and losses. If the matter can be applied, I beg it be promulgated for use. The Four Seasons Geomancy then circulated widely in the world.
18
王早,勃海南皮人也。 明陰陽九宮及兵法,[7]尤善風角。 太宗時,喪亂之後,多相殺害。 有人詣早求問勝術,早為設法,令各無咎。 由是州里稱之。 時有東莞鄭氏,因為同縣趙氏所殺。 其後鄭氏執得讎人趙氏,又剋明晨會宗族,當就墓所刑之。 趙氏求救於早,早為占候,并授以一符,曰:「君今且還,選壯士七人,令一人為主者,佩此符,於雞鳴時伏在仇家宅東南二里許。 平旦,當有十人相隨,向西北行,中有二人乘黑牛,一黑牛最在前,一黑牛應第七。 但捉取第七者將還,事必無他。」 趙氏從之,果如其言,乃是鄭氏五男父也。 諸子並為其族所宗敬,故和解二家,趙氏竟免。
Wang Zao was a man of Nanpi in Bohai. He understood yin-yang, the Nine Palaces, and military arts, [7] and was especially skilled in wind observation. Under Emperor Mingyuan, after the chaos of destruction, mutual killing was frequent. Someone came to Zao seeking victory techniques; Zao set up methods so each would be without blame. For this the district praised him. At that time the Zheng clan of Dongguan was killed by the Zhao clan of the same district. Later the Zheng clan captured their enemy the Zhao clan and fixed the next morning for the clan to gather and execute him at the tomb. The Zhao clan sought help from Zao; Zao observed and prognosticated and also gave a talisman, saying, "You should return now and select seven strong men; let one be leader, wear this talisman, and lie in wait at cockcrow two li southeast of the enemy's house. At daybreak ten men will follow each other, going northwest; among them two ride black oxen—the foremost black ox first, the seventh should be the seventh black ox. Just seize the seventh and bring him back—the affair will surely have no other outcome." The Zhao clan followed this; it happened exactly as he said—it was the father of the five Zheng sons. The sons were all respected by their clan; thus the two families reconciled and the Zhao clan escaped.
19
後早與客清晨立於門內,遇有卒風振樹。 早語客曰:「依法當有千里外急使。 日中,將有兩匹馬,一白一赤,從西南來。 至即取我,逼我,不聽與妻子別。」 語訖便入,召家人隣里辭別。 語訖,浴,帶書囊,日中出門候使。 如期,果有二馬,一白一赤,從涼州而至,即捉早上馬,遂詣行宮。 時世祖圍涼州未拔,故許彥薦之。 早,彥師也。 及至,詔問何時當得此城。 早對曰:「陛下但移據西北角,三日內必克。」 世祖從之,如期而克。 輿駕還都,時久不雨。 世祖問早曰:「何時當雨?」 早曰:「今日申時必大雨。」 比至未時,猶無片雲,世祖召早詰之。 早曰:「願更少時。」 至申時,雲氣四合,遂大雨滂沲。 世祖甚善之,而早苦以疾辭,乞歸鄉里,詔許之。 遂終於家。 或言許彥以其術勝,恐終妨己,故譎令歸耳。
Later Zao stood at the gate with a guest early in the morning when a sudden wind shook the trees. Zao told the guest, "By the method there should be an urgent messenger from a thousand li away. At midday two horses, one white and one red, will come from the southwest. When they arrive they will seize me and force me away, not allowing me to bid farewell to wife and children." When he finished speaking he went in, summoned family and neighbors to bid farewell. When done he bathed, belted his book satchel, and at midday went out to wait for the messenger. As expected, two horses, one white and one red, came from Liangzhou; they seized Zao onto a horse and went straight to the mobile palace. At that time Emperor Taiwu had not yet taken Liangzhou, so Xu Yan recommended him. Zao was Yan's teacher. When he arrived, an edict asked when the city would be taken. Zao replied, "Your Majesty need only shift camp to the northwest corner—in three days it will surely fall." Emperor Taiwu followed this and it fell on schedule. When the imperial carriage returned to the capital, there had long been no rain. Emperor Taiwu asked Zao, "When will it rain?" Zao said, "Today at the shen hour there will surely be great rain." By the wei hour there was still not a cloud; Emperor Taiwu summoned Zao to question him. Zao said, "I beg a little more time." At the shen hour clouds gathered from four sides and great rain poured down. Emperor Taiwu thought well of him, but Zao pleaded illness and begged to return home; an edict permitted it. He died at home. Some say Xu Yan, because his art surpassed his own, feared it would ultimately hinder him, and so deceived him into returning.
20
耿玄,鉅鹿宋子人也。 善卜占。 坐於室內,有客扣門,玄已知其姓字并所齎持及來問之意。 其所卜筮,十中八九。 別有林占,世或傳之。 而性不和俗,時有王公欲求其筮者,玄則拒而不許,每云:「今既貴矣,更何所求而復卜也,欲望意外乎?」 代京法禁嚴切,王公聞之,莫不驚悚而退。 故玄多見憎忿,不為貴勝所親。 官至鉅鹿太守。
Geng Xuan was a man of Songzi in Julu. He was skilled at divination. Sitting in his room, when a guest knocked he already knew the guest's surname and what he carried and the intent of his visit. In his divination by tortoise shell and yarrow stalks, eight or nine of ten hit the mark. He also had forest divination, sometimes transmitted in the world. But his nature did not harmonize with the vulgar; when kings and nobles wished to seek his divination, Xuan refused and would not consent, always saying, "Now that you are already noble, what more do you seek that you again divinate—do you desire the unexpected?" In the capital of Dai the laws were strict; kings and nobles hearing this were all startled and withdrew. Thus Xuan was much hated and resented, not favored by the noble and victorious. He reached the post of Administrator of Julu.
21
顯祖、高祖時有勃海高道埏、清河趙法逞並有名於世。 世宗、肅宗時奉車都尉清河魏道虔、奉車都尉周恃、魏郡太守章武高月光、月光弟明月、任玄智、雍州人潘捺,並長於陰陽卜筮。 故玄於日者之中最為優洽。 冠軍將軍、濮陽賈元紹、章武呂肫、濟北馮道安、河內馮懷、海東郡李文殊並工於法術,而道虔、月光、文殊為優,其餘不及。 浮陽孟剛、饒安王領郡善銓錄風角,章武顏惡頭善卜筮,亦用耿玄林占,當時最知名。 范陽人劉弁亦有名於世。
Under Emperors Xianzu and Gaozu there were Gao Daodi of Bohai and Zhao Facheng of Qinghe, both famous in the world. Under Emperors Shizong and Suzong, Chief of the Imperial Carriage Wei Daoxian of Qinghe, Chief of the Imperial Carriage Zhou Shi, Administrator of Wei Commandery Gao Yueguang of Zhangwu, Yueguang's younger brother Mingyue, Ren Xuanzhi, and Pan Na of Yongzhou—all excelled in yin-yang divination. Thus among diviners Xuan was the most congenial. Champion General Jia Yuanshao of Puyang, Lü Chun of Zhangwu, Feng Dao'an of Jibei, Feng Huai of Henei, and Li Wenshu of Hai'dong Commandery were all skilled in arts; among them Daoxian, Yueguang, and Wenshu were superior—the rest did not match. Meng Gang of Fuyang and Wang Lingjun of Rao'an were skilled at recording wind angles; Yan Etou of Zhangwu was skilled at divination—they also used Geng Xuan's forest divination and were most renowned at the time. Liu Bian of Fanyang was also famous in the world.
22
劉靈助,燕郡人。 師事劉弁,好陰陽占卜,而粗疏無賴,常去來燕恒之界,或時負販,或復劫盜,賣術於巿。 後自代至秀容,因事尒朱榮。 榮性信卜筮,靈助所占屢中,遂被親待,為榮府功曹參軍。
Liu Lingzhu was a man of Yan Commandery. He studied under Liu Bian, fond of yin-yang divination but coarse and unrestrained; he often traveled the border of Yan and Heng, sometimes peddling, sometimes robbing, selling arts in the market. Later from Dai he came to Xiurong and entered the service of Erzhu Rong. Rong trusted divination; Lingzhu's prognostications often hit the mark and he was treated with intimacy, serving as Staff Officer of Rong's headquarters.
23
建義初,榮於河陰王公卿士悉見屠害。 時奉車都尉盧道虔兄弟亦相率朝於行宮,靈助以其州里,衞護之,由是朝士與諸盧相隨免害者數十人。 榮入京師,超拜光祿大夫,封長子縣開國伯,食邑七百戶,尋進爵為公,增邑通前千戶。 後從榮討擒葛榮,特除散騎常侍、撫軍將軍、幽州刺史。 又從大將軍、上黨王天穆討邢杲。 時幽州流民盧城人最為兇捍,遂令靈助兼尚書,軍前慰勞之。 事平而元顥入洛,天穆渡河。 靈助先會尒朱榮於太行。 及將攻河內,令靈助筮之。 靈助曰:「未時必克。」 時已向中,士眾疲怠,靈助曰:「時至矣。」 榮鼓之,將士騰躍,即便克陷。 及至北中,榮攻城不獲,以時盛暑,議欲且還,以待秋涼。 莊帝詔靈助筮之。 靈助曰:「必當破賊。」 詔曰:「何日?」 靈助曰:「十八、十九間。」 果如其言。 車駕還宮,領幽州大中正,尋加征東將軍,增邑五百戶,進爵為燕郡公,詔贈其父僧安為幽州刺史。 尋兼尚書左僕射,慰勞幽州流民於濮陽、頓丘,因率民北還。 與都督侯淵等討葛榮餘黨韓婁,滅之於薊。 仍釐州務,加車騎將軍,又為幽、平、營、安四州行臺。
At the beginning of Jianyi, Rong at Heyin slaughtered all the kings, dukes, and ministers. Chief of the Imperial Carriage Lu Daoxian and his brothers also came in succession to the mobile palace; Lingzhu, as their countryman, protected them, and thus several tens of court officials escaped harm together with the Lu clan. When Rong entered the capital, Lingzhu was specially promoted to Director of the Imperial Secretariat, enfeoffed as Baron of Changzi with a fief of seven hundred households; soon his title was advanced to duke with a combined fief of one thousand households. Later following Rong he captured Ge Rong and was specially appointed Regular Palace Attendant, General Who Pacifies the Army, and Governor of Youzhou. He also followed Grand General Prince of Shangdang Tian Mu against Xing Gao. At that time the displaced people of Lucheng in Youzhou were the most fierce; Lingzhu was ordered to act as Acting Master of Writing to comfort them before the army. When the affair was settled Yuan Hao entered Luoyang and Tian Mu crossed the river. Lingzhu first met Erzhu Rong at Taihang. When about to attack Henei, Rong had Lingzhu divinate. Lingzhu said, "It will surely be taken at the wei hour." The time was already past midday and the troops were weary; Lingzhu said, "The hour has come." Rong beat the drums; officers and soldiers leaped forward and immediately captured it. When they reached Beizhong, Rong could not take the city; as it was the height of summer, they discussed returning for a while to wait for autumn cool. Emperor Zhuang ordered Lingzhu to divinate. Lingzhu said, "The rebels will surely be broken." The edict asked, "What day?" Lingzhu said, "Between the eighteenth and nineteenth." It happened exactly as he said. When the imperial carriage returned to the palace, he headed the Great Rectifier of Youzhou; soon he was additionally appointed General Who Conquers the East with five hundred added households and advanced to Duke of Yan Commandery; an edict posthumously appointed his father Seng'an Governor of Youzhou. Soon he also served as Acting Left Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat, comforting displaced people of Youzhou at Puyang and Dunqiu, and leading the people north. Together with Commander Hou Yuan and others he attacked Han Lou, remnant of Ge Rong, and destroyed him at Ji. He then put provincial affairs in order, was additionally appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry, and also served as Mobile Headquarters for You, Ping, Ying, and An provinces.
24
及尒朱榮死,莊帝幽崩。 靈助本寒微,一朝至此,自謂方術堪能動眾。 又以尒朱有誅滅之兆,靈助遂自號燕王、車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、大行臺,為莊帝舉義兵。 靈助馴養大鳥,稱為己瑞,妄說圖讖,言劉氏當王,又云「欲知避世入鳥村」。 遂刻氈為人象,畫桃木為符書,作詭道厭祝之法。 民多信之。 於時河西人紇豆陵步藩舉兵逼晉陽,尒朱兆頻戰不利,故靈助唱言:「尒朱自然當滅,不須我兵。」 由是幽、瀛、滄、冀之民悉從之。 從之者夜悉舉火為號,不舉火者諸村共屠之。 以普泰元年三月,率眾至博陵之安國城,與叱列延慶、侯淵、尒朱羽生等戰,戰敗被擒,斬於定州,傳首洛陽,支分其體。 初,靈助每云:「三月末,我必入定州,尒朱亦必滅。」 及將戰,靈助自筮之,卦成不吉,以手折蓍,棄之於地,云「此何知也」。 尋見擒,果以三月入定州,而齊獻武王以明年閏二月破四胡於韓陵山,[8]遂滅兆等。 永熙二年,贈使持節、散騎常侍、都督幽瀛冀三州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、尚書左僕射、開府儀同三司、幽州刺史,諡曰恭。
When Erzhu Rong died, Emperor Zhuang was secretly killed. Lingzhu was originally of humble origin; reaching this position in one morning, he believed his arts could move the masses. Also seeing signs of Erzhu's destruction, Lingzhu then styled himself King of Yan, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Director with credentials equal to the Three Excellencies, and Grand Mobile Headquarters, raising righteous troops for Emperor Zhuang. Lingzhu trained a great bird, calling it his auspicious sign; he falsely spoke of charts and prophecies, saying the Liu clan would become kings, and also said, "If you wish to know how to escape the world, enter Bird Village." He then carved felt into human figures, painted talisman texts on peachwood, and devised sorcery and exorcistic rites. Many among the people believed in him. At that time Bufan of the Gedouling clan in Hedong raised troops against Jinyang; Erzhu Zhao fought repeatedly without success, so Lingzhu declared, "The Erzhu will perish of themselves—I need no army of my own. Thereupon the people of You, Ying, Cang, and Ji provinces all rallied to him. Followers lit fires at night as signals; any village that failed to do so was jointly put to the sword. In the third month of Putai 1, he led his forces to Anguo city in Boling and fought Chilie Yanqing, Hou Yuan, Erzhu Yusheng, and others. Defeated and captured, he was executed at Dingzhou; his head was sent to Luoyang and his body dismembered. Earlier Lingzhu had often said, "At the end of the third month I shall surely enter Dingzhou, and the Erzhu will also surely perish." When battle was near, Lingzhu divined for himself; the hexagram was inauspicious. He snapped the yarrow stalks, threw them to the ground, and said, "What does this know?" He was soon captured; indeed he entered Dingzhou in the third month, while Prince Xianwu of Qi in the intercalary second month of the following year defeated the Four Hu at Hanling Mountain, [8] and destroyed Zhao and his allies. In Yongxi 2 he was posthumously granted Bearer of the Staff, Regular Palace Attendant, Area Commander-in-Chief for You, Ying, and Ji, General of Agile Cavalry, Left Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat, Director with credentials equal to the Three Excellencies, and Governor of Youzhou, with posthumous title Gong.
25
子宗輝,襲。 興和中開府,屬齊受禪,例降。
His son Zonghui succeeded to the title. In the Xinghe era he held an open directorate; when Qi received the abdication, he was demoted according to precedent.
26
江式,字法安,陳留濟陽人。 六世祖瓊,字孟琚,晉馮翊太守,善蟲篆、詁訓。 永嘉大亂,瓊棄官西投張軌,子孫因居涼土,世傳家業。 祖彊,字文威,太延五年,涼州平,內徙代京。 上書三十餘法,各有體例,又獻經史諸子千餘卷,由是擢拜中書博士。 卒,贈敦煌太守。 父紹興,高允奏為祕書郎,掌國史二十餘年,以謹厚稱。 卒於趙郡太守。
Jiang Shi, courtesy name Fa'an, was a native of Jiyang in Chenliu. His sixth-generation ancestor Qiong, courtesy name Mengju, was Jin Administrator of Fufeng and excelled at seal script and glossarial exegesis. During the great chaos of the Yongjia era, Qiong resigned his post and went west to Zhang Gui; his descendants settled in Liang territory and passed down the family profession for generations. His grandfather Qiang, courtesy name Wenwei, was relocated to the capital of Dai in Taiyan 5 when Liangzhou was pacified. He submitted more than thirty written methods, each with its own categories, and also presented over a thousand scrolls of classics, histories, and masters' works; for this he was promoted to Erudite of the Central Secretariat. On his death he was posthumously granted the title Administrator of Dunhuang. His father Shaoxing, recommended by Gao Yun as Secretary, managed the national history for more than twenty years and was known for prudence and steadiness. He died while serving as Administrator of Zhao commandery.
27
式少專家學。 數年之中,常夢兩人時相教授,乃寤,每有記識。 初拜司徒長兼行參軍、檢校御史,尋除殄寇將軍、符節令。 以書文昭太后尊號諡冊,特除奉朝請,仍符節令。 式篆體尤工,洛京宮殿諸門板題,皆式書也。
From youth Shi devoted himself to the family learning. Over several years he often dreamed of two men instructing each other; on waking he always had something to record. He was first appointed Adjunct Acting Staff Officer to the Minister of Education and Investigating Censor; soon after he was appointed General Who Slays Bandits and Director of Tallies and Credentials. For writing the honorific title and posthumous edict of Empress Dowager Wen, he was specially appointed Attendant at Court while retaining the post of Director of Tallies and Credentials. Shi was especially skilled at seal script; the gate plaques of Luoyang's palaces were all written by him.
28
延昌三年三月,式上表曰:
In the third month of Yanchang 3, Shi submitted a memorial saying:
29
臣聞庖羲氏作而八卦列其畫,軒轅氏興而龜策彰其彩。 古史倉頡覽二象之爻,觀鳥獸之跡,別創文字,以代結繩,用書契以維事。 宣之王庭,則百工以敍; 載之方冊,則萬品以明。 迄于三代,厥體頗異,雖依類取制,未能悉殊倉氏矣。 故周禮八歲入小學,保氏教國子以六書:一曰指事,二曰象形,三曰諧聲,四曰會意,五曰轉注,六曰假借。 蓋是史頡之遺法也。 及宣王太史史籀著大篆十五篇,與古文或同或異,時人即謂之「籕書」。 至孔子定六經,左丘明述春秋,皆以古文,厥意可得而言。
Your servant has heard that when Fuxi arose the eight trigrams displayed their lines, and when the Yellow Emperor arose tortoise shells and yarrow stalks revealed their patterns. The ancient scribe Cangjie contemplated the lines of the two images, observed the tracks of birds and beasts, and created writing to replace knotted cords, using written contracts to govern affairs. In the royal court of King Xuan, the hundred crafts were ordered; recorded in the registers, the myriad things were clarified. Down to the Three Dynasties their forms differed considerably; though models were taken by category, they could not entirely depart from Cangjie's system. Thus the Rites of Zhou: at eight years one enters primary school, and the tutor teaches the sons of the state the six scripts—first indicative, second pictographic, third phonetic, fourth ideographic, fifth derivative gloss, and sixth loan. This was roughly the transmitted method of Scribe Cang. When King Xuan's Grand Scribe Shizhou composed fifteen chapters in great seal script, they sometimes matched and sometimes differed from ancient script; people of the time called this "Zhou script." When Confucius fixed the Six Classics and Zuo Qiuming narrated the Spring and Autumn, all used ancient script—their intent can be understood.
30
其後七國殊軌,文字乖別,暨秦兼天下,丞相李斯乃奏蠲罷不合秦文者。 斯作倉頡篇,中車府令趙高作爰歷篇,太史令胡母敬作博學篇,皆取史籀大篆,或頗省改,所謂小篆者也。 於是秦燒經書、滌除舊典,官獄繁多,以趣約易,始用隸書。 古文由此息矣。 隸書者,始皇使下杜人程邈附於小篆所作也,以邈徒隸,即謂之隸書。 故秦有八體:一曰大篆,二曰小篆,三曰刻符書,四曰蟲書,五曰摹印,六曰署書,七曰殳書,八曰隸書。
Afterward the seven states followed separate paths and writing diverged; when Qin united the realm, Chancellor Li Si memorialized to abolish forms that did not accord with Qin script. Si composed the Cangjie primer; Director of the Central Chariot Office Zhao Gao composed the Aili primer; Grand Scribe Humu Jing composed the Boxue primer—all drew on Shizhou's great seal with some simplification and alteration, what is called small seal script. Thereupon Qin burned the classics and washed away old canons; official prisons multiplied, and to pursue brevity and ease, clerical script began to be used. Ancient script thus fell out of use. Clerical script: the First Emperor had Xiadu native Cheng Miao derive it from small seal script; because Miao was a convict laborer (li), it was called clerical script. Thus Qin had eight scripts: first great seal, second small seal, third tally script, fourth worm script, fifth seal impression, sixth signature script, seventh weapon script, and eighth clerical script.
31
漢興,有尉律學,復教以籕書,又習八體,試之課最,以為尚書史。 吏民上書,省字不正,輒舉劾焉。 又有草書,莫知誰始,考其書形,雖無厥誼,亦是一時之變通也。 孝宣時,召通倉頡讀者,獨張敞從之受。 涼州刺史杜鄴、沛人爰禮、講學大夫秦近亦能言之。 孝平時,徵禮等百餘人說文字於未央宮中,以禮為小學元士。 黃門侍郎揚雄採以作訓纂篇。 及亡新居攝,自以應運制作,使大司空甄豐校文字之部,頗改定古文。 時有六書:一曰古文,孔子壁中書也; 二曰奇字,即古文而異者; 三曰篆書,云小篆也; 四曰佐書,秦隸書也; 五曰繆篆,所以摹印也; 六曰鳥蟲,所以幡信也。 壁中書者,魯恭王壞孔子宅而得禮、尚書、春秋、論語、孝經也。 又北平侯張倉獻春秋左氏傳,書體與孔氏相類,即前代之古文矣。
When Han arose there was the Commandant's Law School, again teaching Zhou script and practicing the eight scripts; those who tested highest became Secretariat clerks. When officials and commoners submitted documents, incorrect characters led to impeachment. There was also cursive script; who began it is unknown—examining its written form, though without fixed rules, it was also a temporary adaptation of the age. In the time of Emperor Xuan, those who could read Cangjie were summoned; only Zhang Chang received instruction. Inspector of Liangzhou Du Ye, Pei native Yuan Li, and Erudite Qin Jin could also speak of it. In Emperor Ping's time, Li and more than a hundred others were summoned to explain writing in Weiyang Palace; Li was made Chief Erudite of the Primary School. Yellow Gate Gentleman Yang Xiong gathered this material to compose the Xunzuan primer. When Wang Mang held the regency, deeming himself destined to make institutions for the age, he had Grand Minister Zhen Feng collate the section on writing and considerably revised ancient script. At the time there were six scripts: first ancient script, the books from Confucius's wall; second odd characters, that is ancient script with variant forms; third seal script, meaning small seal; fourth assistant script, Qin clerical script; fifth twisted seal, used for seal impressions; sixth bird-and-worm, used for banners and credentials. The wall books: when King Gong of Lu destroyed Confucius's house he obtained the Rites, Documents, Spring and Autumn, Analects, and Classic of Filial Piety. Also Marquis Cang of Beiping presented the Zuo Tradition of the Spring and Autumn; its script resembled that of the Kong clan—the ancient script of former ages.
32
後漢郎中扶風曹喜號曰工篆,小異斯法,而甚精巧,自是後學皆其法也。 又詔侍中賈逵修理舊文。 殊藝異術,王教一端,苟有可以加於國者,靡不悉集。 逵即汝南許慎古文學之師也。 後慎嗟時人之好奇,歎儒俗之穿鑿,惋文毀於譽,痛字敗於訾,更詭任情,變亂於世,故撰說文解字十五篇,首一終亥,各有部屬,包括六藝羣書之詁,評釋百氏諸子之訓,天地、山川、草木、鳥獸、昆蟲、雜物、奇怪珍異、王制禮儀、世間人事莫不畢載。 可謂類聚羣分,雜而不越,文質彬彬,最可得而論也。 左中郎將陳留蔡邕採李斯、曹喜之法為古今雜形,詔於太學立石碑,刊載五經,題書楷法,多是邕書也。 後開鴻都,書畫奇能莫不雲集,于時諸方獻篆無出邕者。
Later Han Gentleman Cao Xi of Fufeng was called skilled at seal script; slightly differing from Si's method yet very refined, and from then on later students all followed his method. An edict also ordered Attendant-in-Ordinary Jia Kui to repair old texts. Special arts and unusual techniques are one strand of royal teaching—if anything could benefit the state, none was not fully gathered. Kui was the teacher of Xu Shen of Runan in ancient-script learning. Later Shen lamented the curiosity of his age, sighed at vulgar Confucian pedantry, grieved that texts were ruined by praise and characters spoiled by censure, that capricious distortion ran wild in the world; therefore he composed Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters in fifteen chapters, from yi to hai, each with its own category, including glosses of the Six Arts and all books, evaluating the glosses of the hundred schools—heaven and earth, mountains and rivers, plants and trees, birds and beasts, insects, miscellaneous things, strange and rare objects, royal institutions and ritual propriety, and human affairs of the world—nothing was omitted. It can be called gathering by category and dividing into groups, mixed yet not transgressive, refined in both substance and form—most fit for discussion. Left Palace Gentleman Cai Yong of Chenliu took the methods of Li Si and Cao Xi to make ancient-and-modern mixed forms; an edict erected stone steles at the Imperial Academy, carving the Five Classics and inscribing them in standard script—mostly Yong's writing. Later when Hongdu was opened, all marvels of calligraphy and painting gathered like clouds; at the time none of the seal scripts presented from all quarters surpassed Yong.
33
魏初博士清河張揖著埤倉、廣雅、古今字詁,[9]究諸埤廣,綴拾遺漏,增長事類,抑亦於文為益者。 然其字詁,方之許慎篇,古今體用,或得或失矣。 陳留邯鄲淳亦與揖同時,博古開藝,[10]特善倉、雅,許氏字指,八體六書精究閑理,有名於揖,以書教諸皇子。 又建三字石經於漢碑之西,其文蔚炳,三體復宣。 校之說文,篆隸大同,而古字少異。 又有京兆韋誕、河東衞覬二家,並號能篆。 當時臺觀榜題、寶器之銘,悉是誕書,咸傳之子孫,世稱其妙。
At the beginning of Wei, Erudite Zhang Yi of Qinghe composed Picao, Guangya, and Ancient-and-Modern Character Glosses, [9] investigating the broad lexicons, patching omissions, and augmenting categories of things—it also benefited writing. Yet his character glosses, compared with Xu Shen's work, in ancient and modern form and use sometimes succeeded and sometimes failed. Handan Chun of Chenliu was also contemporary with Yi, broad in antiquity and opening arts, [10] especially skilled in Cang and Ya, Xu's character principles, the eight scripts and six writings—deeply versed in their principles, famous alongside Yi, teaching writing to the princes. He also built the Three-Script Stone Classic west of the Han stele; its text was splendid and the three scripts were again proclaimed. Compared with Shuowen, seal and clerical were largely the same, but ancient characters differed slightly. Also the two families of Wei Dan of Jingzhao and Wei Kai of Hedong were both called skilled at seal script. At the time platform and pavilion placards and inscriptions on precious vessels were all Dan's writing; all passed to descendants, and the age called them marvelous.
34
晉世義陽王典祠令任城呂忱表上字林六卷,尋其況趣,附託許慎說文,而案偶章句,隱別古籕奇惑之字,文得正隸,不差篆意也。 忱弟靜別放故左校令李登聲類之法,作韻集五卷,宮商角徵羽各為一篇,而文字與兄便是魯衞,音讀楚、夏,時有不同。
In Jin, Director of Sacrifices to the Righteous King Lü Chen of Rencheng submitted the Zilin in six scrolls; seeking its scope and intent, it attached itself to Xu Shen's Shuowen, yet arranged paired phrases, distinguishing ancient Zhou, odd, and variant characters—the text obtained correct clerical form without losing seal intent. Chen's younger brother Jing separately followed the Sound Categories method of former Left Commandant Li Deng and composed the Rhyme Collection in five scrolls, with palace, merchant, angle, zhi, and yu each one chapter; yet characters differed from his elder brother like Lu from Wei, and readings of Chu and Xia sometimes differed.
35
皇魏承百王之季,紹五運之緒,世易風移,文字改變,篆形謬錯,隸體失真。 俗學鄙習,復加虛巧,談辯之士,又以意說,炫惑於時,難以釐改。 故傳曰,以眾非,非行正。 信哉得之於斯情矣。 乃曰追來為歸,巧言為辯,小兔為䨲,[11]神虫為蠶,如斯甚眾,皆不合孔氏古書、史籕大篆、許氏說文、石經三字也。 凡所關古,莫不惆悵焉。 嗟夫! 文字者六藝之宗,王教之始,前人所以垂今,今人所以識古,故曰「本立而道生」。 孔子曰:「必也正名乎。」 又曰:「述而不作。」 書曰:「予欲觀古人之象。」 皆言遵修舊史而不敢穿鑿也。
Great Wei, succeeding the end of the hundred kings and continuing the thread of the five cycles, saw the age change and customs shift, writing alter, seal forms err, and clerical bodies lose truth. Vulgar learning and base habits again added empty cleverness; disputatious scholars also spoke from opinion, dazzling and deluding the age—hard to rectify. Thus the tradition says: when the many deny, the correct is denied. Truly one obtains this from the situation. Thus they say "come back" for "return," "clever speech" for "eloquence," "small rabbit" for snow, [11] "spirit worm" for silkworm—such cases are extremely numerous, all not matching Kong clan ancient books, Shizhou great seal, Xu's Shuowen, and the three-script stone classic. All matters touching antiquity—none without regret. Alas! Writing is the ancestor of the Six Arts and the beginning of royal teaching; former men thereby transmit to the present, present men thereby know antiquity—thus it is said, "When the root is established, the Way arises." Confucius said, "One must rectify names." He also said, "I transmit but do not compose." The Documents say, "I wish to observe the images of the ancients." All speak of following and repairing old records and not daring to pedantically invent.
36
臣六世祖瓊家世陳留,往晉之初,與從父兄應元俱受學於衞覬,古篆之法,倉、雅、方言、說文之誼,當時並收善譽。 而祖官至太子洗馬,出為馮翊郡,值洛陽之亂,避地河西,數世傳習,斯業所以不墜也。 世祖太延中皇威西被,牧犍內附,臣亡祖文威杖策歸國,奉獻五世傳掌之書,古篆八體之法,時蒙褒錄,敍列於儒林,官班文省,家號世業。 暨臣闇短,識學庸薄,漸漬家風,有忝無顯。 但逢時來,恩出願外,每承澤雲津,厠霑漏潤,驅馳文閣,參預史官,題篆宮禁,猥同上哲。 既竭愚短,欲罷不能,是以敢藉六世之資,奉遵祖考之訓,竊慕古人之軌,企踐儒門之轍,輒求撰集古來文字,以許慎說文為主,爰採孔氏尚書、五經音注、籕篇、爾雅、三倉、凡將、方言、通俗文、祖文宗、[12]埤倉、廣雅、古今字詁、三字石經、字林、韻集、諸賦文字有六書之誼者,皆以次類編聯,文無復重,糾為一部。 其古籕、奇惑、俗隸諸體,咸使班於篆下,各有區別。 詁訓假借之誼,僉隨文而解; 音讀楚、夏之聲,並逐字而注。 其所不知者則闕如也。 脫蒙遂許,冀省百氏之觀,而同文字之域,典書祕書。 所須之書,乞垂敕給; 并學士五人嘗習文字者,助臣披覽; 書生五人,專令抄寫。 侍中、黃門、國子祭酒一月一監,評議疑隱,庶無紕繆。 所撰名目,伏聽明旨。
Your servant's sixth-generation ancestor Qiong's family for generations was in Chenliu; at the beginning of Jin he and his father's elder brother's son Yingyuan both studied under Wei Kai—methods of ancient seal script, the meanings of Cang, Ya, Fangyan, and Shuowen—at the time both received good repute. The ancestor reached the post of Palace Groom for the Heir Apparent and went out as Administrator of Fufeng commandery; encountering the chaos of Luoyang, he took refuge in Hexi; for generations the profession was transmitted—thus the craft did not fall. In Taiyan of Emperor Shizu imperial might reached west; Mujian submitted inward; your servant's deceased grandfather Wenwei, staff in hand, returned to the state, presenting the books transmitted through five generations and methods of the eight ancient scripts; at the time he received commendation and enrollment among the Confucian scholars, with office rank in the literary bureau—the family called it a hereditary profession. When it came to your servant's dimness and shortcoming, knowledge and learning mediocre and thin, gradually steeped in the family tradition, having disgrace without distinction. But encountering the time's favor, grace beyond my wish, each time receiving the cloud ford's bounty, moistened by dripping favor, galloping in the literary pavilion, participating as historiographer, inscribing seal script in the palace forbidden—I am unworthily ranked with the upper sages. Having exhausted my foolish shortcoming, wishing to stop yet unable, therefore I dare borrow the resources of six generations, respectfully follow my ancestors' instruction, privately admire the ancients' track, aspire to tread the Confucian gate's path, and request to compile and gather writing from antiquity—taking Xu Shen's Shuowen as chief, also gathering Kong clan Documents, Five Classics phonetic glosses, Zhou primer, Erya, Sancang, Fanjiang, Fangyan, Tongsu wen, Zuwenzong, [12] Picao, Guangya, Ancient-and-Modern Character Glosses, three-script stone classic, Zilin, Rhyme Collection, and characters from various rhapsodies having the meaning of the six scripts—all arranged by category in sequence, texts without duplication, corrected into one work. Ancient Zhou, odd, variant, vulgar, and clerical forms—all shall be arranged below seal script, each with distinction. The meanings of glosses and loan characters—all shall follow the text in explanation; readings of Chu and Xia sounds—all noted character by character. What is not known shall be left blank. If I receive permission, I hope to reduce the views of the hundred schools and unify the domain of writing—canon books and secret archives. The books needed—I beg your command to grant them; and five erudites who have practiced writing to assist your servant in perusal; five scribes solely for copying. The Attendant-in-Ordinary, Yellow Gate, and Chancellor of the Imperial Academy would supervise once a month, discussing doubtful points, hoping for no error. The title of the work to be composed—I respectfully await the bright decree.
37
詔曰:「可如所請,并就太常,冀兼教八書史也。 其有所須,依請給之。 名目待書成重聞。」
An edict said, "As requested, and also go to the Minister of Ceremonies—Ji shall also teach the eight-script clerks. What is needed shall be granted as requested. The title shall be reported again when the book is complete."
38
式於是撰集字書,號曰古今文字,凡四十卷,大體依許氏說文為本,上篆下隸。 又除宣威將軍、符璽郎,尋加輕車將軍。 正光中,除驍騎將軍、兼著作佐郎,正史中字。 四年卒,贈右將軍、巴州刺史。 其書竟未能成。
Shi thereupon compiled a book of characters, titled Ancient and Modern Writing, forty scrolls in all, largely following Xu Shen's Shuowen as foundation, with seal script above and clerical below. He was also appointed General Who Proclaims Might and Director of Seals and Credentials; soon after he was additionally appointed General of Light Chariots. In Zhengguang he was appointed General of Valiant Cavalry and Concurrent Associate Compiler of the Standard History, correcting characters in the standard history. In the fourth year he died; posthumously granted General of the Right and Governor of Bazhou. His book ultimately could not be completed.
39
式兄子征虜將軍順和,亦工篆書。 先是太和中,兗州人沈法會能隸書,世宗之在東宮,敕法會侍書。 已後隸迹見知於閭里者甚眾,未有如崔浩之妙。
Shi's elder brother's son Shunhe, General Who Punishes Barbarians, was also skilled at seal script. Earlier in the Taihe era, Shen Fahui of Yanzhou could write clerical script; when Emperor Shizong was in the Eastern Palace, he ordered Fahui to attend in writing. Afterward clerical traces known in the villages were very numerous; none matched Cui Hao's marvel.
40
周澹,京兆鄠人也。 為人多方術,尤善醫藥,為太醫令。 太宗嘗苦風頭眩,澹治得愈,由此見寵,位至特進,賜爵成德侯。 神瑞二年,京師飢,朝議將遷都於鄴。 澹與博士祭酒崔浩進計,論不可之意,太宗大然之,曰:「唯此二人,與朕意同也。」 詔賜澹、浩妾各一人,御衣一襲,絹五十匹、綿五十斤。 泰常四年卒,諡曰恭。
Zhou Dan was a native of Hu in Jingzhao. As a man he had many methods, especially skilled at medicine, and served as Director of the Imperial Physicians. Emperor Taizong once suffered wind dizziness; Dan treated him and he recovered; for this he received favor, reaching Special Grand Master and enfeoffment as Marquis of Chengde. In Shenrui 2 the capital suffered famine; the court discussed moving the capital to Ye. Dan and Erudite Chancellor Cui Hao submitted a plan arguing why it could not be done; Emperor Taizong greatly approved, saying, "Only these two men agree with my intent." An edict granted Dan and Hao each one concubine, one set of imperial robes, fifty bolts of silk, and fifty jin of cotton. He died in Taichang 4; posthumous title Gong.
41
時有河南人陰貞,家世為醫,與澹並受封爵。 清河李潭亦以善鍼見知。
At the time Yin Zhen of Henan, whose family for generations practiced medicine, received enfeoffment together with Dan. Li Tan of Qinghe was also known for skill in acupuncture.
42
子驢駒,襲,傳術。 延興中,位至散令。
His son Lüju succeeded, transmitting the art. In Yansxing he reached the post of Director of Scattered Affairs.
43
李脩,字思祖,本陽平館陶人。 父亮,少學醫術,未能精究。 世祖時,奔劉義隆於彭城,又就沙門僧坦研習眾方,略盡其術,針灸授藥,莫不有效。 徐兗之間,多所救恤,四方疾苦,不遠千里,竟往從之。 亮大為廳事以舍病人,停車輿於下,時有死者,則就而棺殯,親往弔視。 其仁厚若此。 累遷府參軍,督護本郡,士門宿官,咸相交昵,車馬金帛,酬賚無貲。 脩兄元孫隨畢眾敬赴平城,亦遵父業而不及。 以功賜爵義平子,拜奉朝請。
Li Xiu, courtesy name Sizu, was originally a native of Guantao in Yangping. His father Liang in youth studied medical arts but could not thoroughly investigate them. In Emperor Shizu's time he fled to Liu Yilong at Pengcheng, then studied all formulas under the monk Sengtan; acupuncture and administered drugs—none without effect. Between Xu and Yan he saved and relieved many; sufferers from all quarters, not fearing a thousand li, ultimately went to him. Liang greatly built a hall to lodge the sick, stopping carriage and litter below; when there were dead, he then coffined and buried them, personally going to condole. His benevolence and generosity were like this. He repeatedly rose to Staff Officer of the headquarters and Protector of his native commandery; officials of the noble clans of Shimmen all drew close to him; carriage, horses, gold, and silk—rewards and gifts without limit. Xiu's elder brother Yuansun followed Bi Zhongjing to Pingcheng, also following the father's profession but not reaching it. For merit he was granted the title Viscount of Yiping and appointed Attendant at Court.
44
脩略與兄同。 晚入代京,歷位中散令,以功賜爵下蔡子,遷給事中。 太和中,常在禁內。 高祖、文明太后時有不豫,脩侍鍼藥,治多有效。 賞賜累加,車服第宅,號為鮮麗。 集諸學士及工書者百餘人,在東宮撰諸藥方百餘卷,皆行於世。 先是咸陽公高允雖年且百歲,而氣力尚康,高祖、文明太后時令脩診視之。 一旦奏言,允脉竭氣微,大命無遠。 未幾果亡。 遷洛,為前軍將軍,領太醫令。 後數年,卒,贈威遠將軍、青州刺史。
Xiu was roughly the same as his elder brother. Entering Daijing late, he successively held the post of Director of Scattered Affairs; for merit he was granted the title Viscount of Xiacai and moved to Supervisor of Attendants. In the Taihe era he was constantly within the forbidden precinct. When Emperor Gaozu and Empress Dowager Wenming were unwell, Xiu attended with needle and drug—treatment often had effect. Rewards repeatedly increased; carriage, robes, residence, and mansion were called fresh and splendid. He gathered more than a hundred erudites and skilled writers in the Eastern Palace to compile more than a hundred scrolls of medical formulas—all circulated in the world. Earlier, Duke of Xianyang Gao Yun though nearly a hundred years old still had vigorous qi; Emperor Gaozu and Empress Dowager Wenming at the time ordered Xiu to examine and treat him. One day he reported that Yun's pulse was exhausted and qi slight—the great mandate not far. Before long he indeed died. Moving to Luoyang, he became General of the Vanguard and Director of the Imperial Physicians. Several years later he died; posthumously granted General of Awesome Distance and Governor of Qingzhou.
45
子天授,襲。 汶陽令。 醫術又不逮父。
His son Tianshou succeeded. Magistrate of Wenyang. Medical arts again did not reach the father.
46
徐謇,字成伯,丹陽人。 家本東莞,與兄文伯等皆善醫藥。 謇因至青州,慕容白曜平東陽,獲之,表送京師。 顯祖欲驗其所能,乃置諸病人於幕中,使謇隔而脉之,深得病形,兼知色候。 遂被寵遇。 為中散,稍遷內侍長。 文明太后時問治方,而不及李脩之見任用也。 謇合和藥劑,攻救之驗,精妙於脩,而性甚祕忌,承奉不得其意者,雖貴為王公,不為措療也。 高祖後知其能,及遷洛,稍加眷幸。 體小不平,及所寵馮昭儀有疾,皆令處治。 又除中散大夫,轉右軍將軍、侍御師。 謇欲為高祖合金丹,致延年之法。 乃入居崧高,採營其物,歷歲無所成,遂罷。
Xu Jian, courtesy name Chengbo, was a native of Danyang. His family was originally from Dongguan; he and his elder brother Wenbo and others were all skilled at medicine. Jian thereupon went to Qingzhou; Murong Baiyao pacified Dongyang and captured him, memorializing to send him to the capital. Emperor Xianzu wished to test his ability; he placed sick people in a tent and had Jian feel their pulses through a partition—he deeply obtained the form of the disease and also knew color signs. Thereupon he received favored treatment. He was made Director of Scattered Affairs; gradually promoted to Chief of the Inner Attendants. When Empress Dowager Wenming asked about treatment formulas, he did not reach Li Xiu in being employed. Jian compounded drugs and the verification of attack and rescue was more subtle than Xiu's, but his nature was very secretive and jealous—those who attended him without obtaining his intent, though noble as kings and dukes, he would not treat. Emperor Gaozu later knew his ability; when moving to Luoyang he slightly increased his favor. When the body was slightly unwell, and the favored Consort Feng had illness, all were ordered to treat. He was also removed to Grand Master of Scattered Affairs, transferred to General of the Right and Attending Physician. Jian wished to compound golden elixir for Emperor Gaozu, methods for extending years. He then entered and dwelt on Song Mountain, gathering and preparing its materials; for years without success, he then stopped.
47
二十二年,高祖幸懸瓠,其疾大漸,乃馳驛召謇,令水路赴行所,一日一夜行數百里。 至,診省下治,果有大驗。 高祖體少瘳,內外稱慶。 九月,車駕發豫州,次于汝濱。 乃大為謇設太官珍膳,因集百官,特坐謇于上席,遍陳餚觴于前,命左右宣謇救攝危篤振濟之功,宜加酬賚。 乃下詔曰:「夫神出無方,形禀有礙,憂喜乖適,理必傷生。 朕覽萬機,長鍾革運,思芒芒而無怠,身忽忽以興勞。 仲秋動痾,心容頓竭,氣體羸瘠,玉几在慮。 侍御師、右軍將軍徐成伯馳輪太室,進療汝蕃,方窮丹英,藥盡芝石,誠術兩輸,忠妙俱至,乃令沉勞勝愈,篤瘵克痊,論勤語效,實宜褒錄。 昔晉武暴疾,程和應增封; 辛疚數朝,錢爵大墜。 [13]況疾深於曩辰,業難於疇日,得不重加陟賞乎? 宜順羣望,錫以山河。 且其舊逕高秩,中暫解退,比雖銓用,猶未囗囗,準舊量今,事合顯進。 可鴻臚卿,金鄉縣開國伯,食邑五百戶,賜錢一萬貫。」 又詔曰:「錢府未充,須以雜物:絹二千匹、雜物一百匹,四十匹出御府; 穀二千斛; 奴婢十口; 馬十匹,一匹出驊騮; 牛十頭。」 所賜雜物、奴婢、牛馬皆經內呈。 諸親王咸陽王禧等各有別賚,並至千匹。 從行至鄴,高祖猶自發動,謇日夕左右。 明年,從詣馬圈,高祖疾勢遂甚,戚戚不怡,每加切誚,又欲加之鞭捶,幸而獲免。 高祖崩,謇隨梓宮還洛。
In the twenty-second year Emperor Gaozu visited Xuanhu; his illness greatly worsened; he then dispatched post-horses to summon Jian, ordering him to come by water route to the traveling place—one day and one night traveling several hundred li. When he arrived, examination and treatment indeed had great verification. Emperor Gaozu's body slightly recovered; inside and outside all called it celebration. In the ninth month the imperial carriage set out from Yuzhou, stopping at the Ru bank. He then greatly set up for Jian the Grand Provisioner's rare delicacies, gathered all officials, specially seated Jian at the upper mat, spread dishes and cups before him, ordered attendants to proclaim Jian's merit in saving from critical illness and reviving from exhaustion—fitting to add reward. An edict then said, "The spirit goes forth without fixed place; form receives with obstruction; grief and joy at odds with fitness—reason must harm life. I review the myriad affairs, long tolling the changing cycle, thinking vast without slackness, body hastening to rise in toil. Mid-autumn brought illness; heart and countenance suddenly exhausted, qi and body emaciated—the jade armrest in concern. Attending Physician, General of the Right Xu Chengbo galloped wheels to the Grand Chamber, advancing treatment at the Ru frontier, formulas exhausted cinnabar essence, drugs exhausted fungus and stone—sincerity and technique both delivered, loyalty and marvel both arrived—thus making deep toil overcome and severe illness conquered; discussing merit and speaking of effect, truly fitting commendation and record. Formerly when Jin Emperor Wu had sudden illness, Cheng He should have received increased enfeoffment; Xin Jiu several courts, Qian's rank greatly fell. [13] Considering illness deeper than former mornings and task harder than former days—can one not again greatly raise rank and reward? Fitting to follow the multitude's hope, bestow mountains and rivers. And his old path was high rank; in the middle briefly dismissed and retired—compared with recent appointment, still not fully restored; gauging old by present, the matter fits conspicuous advancement. He may be Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, Baron of Jinxiang county with a fief of five hundred households, granted ten thousand strings of cash." Another edict said, "The treasury of cash is not full—it must be with miscellaneous goods: two thousand bolts of silk, one hundred bolts of miscellaneous goods, forty bolts from the imperial store; two thousand hu of grain; ten male and female servants; ten horses, one horse from the Hualiu stud; ten oxen." The miscellaneous goods, male and female servants, oxen, and horses granted were all presented through the inner palace. The various princes, Prince of Xianyang Yuan Xi, and others each had separate gifts, reaching a thousand bolts. Following the journey to Ye, Emperor Gaozu still himself had relapses; Jian day and night attended at his side. The next year, following to the horse corral, Emperor Gaozu's illness grew severe; sorrowful and uneasy, each time adding sharp rebuke, also wishing to add whipping and beating—fortunately obtaining exemption. When Emperor Gaozu died, Jian followed the coffin back to Luoyang.
48
子踐,字景升,小名靈寶,襲爵。 歷官兗州平東府長史、右中郎將、建興太守。
His son Jian, courtesy name Jingsheng, small name Lingbao, succeeded to the title. He successively held the posts of Chief Clerk of Yanzhou's Pacifying-East Headquarters, Right Commandant of the Center, and Administrator of Jianxing.
49
踐弟知遠,給事中。
Jian's younger brother Zhiyuan, Supervisor of Attendants.
50
成伯孫之才,孝昌初,為蕭衍豫章王蕭綜北府主簿,從綜鎮彭城。 綜降,其下僚屬並奔散,之才因入國。 武定中,大將軍、金紫光祿大夫、昌安縣開國侯。
Chengbo's grandson Zaicai, at the beginning of Xiaochang was Chief Clerk of the Northern Headquarters of Prince Zong of Yuzhang of Xiao Yan; he followed Zong in garrisoning Pengcheng. When Zong surrendered, his subordinate officials all fled and scattered; Zaicai thereupon entered the state. In Wuding he was Grand General, Grand Master of the Palace with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, and Marquis of Chang'an county with a fief.
51
王顯,字世榮,陽平樂平人,自言本東海郯人,王朗之後也。 祖父延和中南奔,居于魯郊,又居彭城。 伯父安上,劉義隆時板行館陶縣。 世祖南討,安上棄縣歸命,與父母俱徙平城,例敍陽都子,除廣寧太守。 顯父安道,少與李亮同師,[14]俱學醫藥,粗究其術,而不及亮也。 安上還家樂平,頗參士流。
Wang Xian, courtesy name Shirong, was a native of Leping in Yangping; he himself said his origin was Tan in Donghai, descendant of Wang Lang. His grandfather in Yanhe fled south; he settled in the Lu suburbs, then lived in Pengcheng. His father's elder brother Anshang, in Liu Yilong's time was appointed Acting Magistrate of Guantao county. When Emperor Shizu marched south, Anshang abandoned the county and submitted; with parents he was both moved to Pingcheng; by precedent enfeoffed as Viscount of Yangdu; removed as Administrator of Guangning. Xian's father Andao in youth studied under the same teacher as Li Liang, [14] both learning medicine, roughly investigating the art but not reaching Liang. Anshang returned home to Leping, quite participating in the gentry stream.
52
顯少歷本州從事,雖以醫術自通,而明敏有決斷才用。 初文昭皇太后之懷世宗也,夢為日所逐,化而為龍而繞后,后寤而驚悸,遂成心疾。 文明太后敕召徐謇及顯等為后診脉。 謇云是微風入藏,宜進湯加針。 顯云:「案三部脉非有心疾,將是懷孕生男之象。」 果如顯言。 久之,召補侍御師、尚書儀曹郎,號稱幹事。 世宗自幼有微疾,久未差愈,顯攝療有效,因是稍蒙眄識。
Xian in youth successively served as Attendant of this province; though making a profession of medical arts, he was bright, keen, and had decisive talent. When Empress Dowager Wen was pregnant with Emperor Shizong, she dreamed of being chased by the sun, transforming into a dragon that coiled around the empress; the empress awoke startled and fearful, and thus formed a heart illness. Empress Dowager Wenming ordered Xu Jian and Xian and others to feel the empress's pulse. Jian said it was slight wind entering the viscera—suitable to advance decoction and add needles. Xian said, "Examining the three-part pulse, it is not heart illness—it should be the sign of pregnancy bearing a male." It happened exactly as Xian said. After a long time he was summoned and appointed Attending Physician and Gentleman of the Ceremonial Section of the Imperial Secretariat, called capable in affairs. Emperor Shizong from youth had a slight illness, long not fully recovered; Xian's treatment had effect, and for this he gradually received favor.
53
又罷六輔之初,顯為領軍于烈間通規策,頗有密功。 累遷游擊將軍,拜廷尉少卿,仍在侍御,營進御藥,出入禁內。 乞臨本州,世宗曾許之,積年未授,因是聲問傳于遠近。 顯每語人,言時旨已決,必為刺史。 遂除平北將軍、相州刺史。 尋詔馳驛還京,復掌藥,又遣還州。 元愉作逆,顯討之不利。 入除太府卿、御史中尉。
Also at the beginning of abolishing the Six Assistants, Xian through Commander Yu Lie communicated plans and stratagems, having considerable secret merit. He repeatedly rose to General Who Strikes Suddenly, appointed Vice Minister of Justice, still in attendance, managing imperial drugs, entering and leaving the forbidden precinct. Begging to oversee his native province, Emperor Shizong once promised it; accumulated years without appointment—thus reports spread far and near. Xian often told people that the time's intent was already decided—he would surely become governor. He was thereupon removed to General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Xiangzhou. Soon an edict dispatched post-horses to return to the capital, again managing drugs, again sent back to the province. Yuan Yu rebelled; Xian attacked but was unsuccessful. Entering he was removed to Minister of the Grand Storehouse and Censor-in-Chief.
54
顯前後歷職,所在著稱,糾折庶獄,究其姦回,出內惜慎,憂國如家。 及領憲臺,多所彈劾,百僚肅然。 又以中尉屬官不悉稱職,諷求更換。 詔委改選,務盡才能,而顯所舉或有請屬,未皆得人,於是眾口喧譁,聲望致損。 後世宗詔顯撰藥方三十五卷,班布天下,以療諸疾。 東宮既建,以為太子詹事,委任甚厚。 世宗每幸東宮,顯常迎侍。 出入禁中,仍奉醫藥。 賞賜累加,為立館宇,寵振當時。 延昌二年秋,以營療之功,封衞南伯。 [15]
Xian in his successive posts was renowned where he was; correcting and breaking through various cases, investigating their treachery and deceit; going out and entering he was cautious, grieving for the state as for his own family. When he headed the censorate he impeached many; the hundred officials were all reverent. Also because censorate subordinate officials did not all fit their posts, he hinted at seeking replacement. An edict entrusted reselection, striving to exhaust talent and ability—but those Xian recommended sometimes had requests and connections, not all obtaining the right men; thereupon public clamor, reputation damaged. Later Emperor Shizong ordered Xian to compile thirty-five scrolls of medical formulas, distributed throughout the realm to treat various illnesses. When the Eastern Palace was established, he was made Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent, entrusted very generously. When Emperor Shizong each time visited the Eastern Palace, Xian always welcomed and attended. Entering and leaving the forbidden precinct, he still attended with medicine. Rewards repeatedly increased; a residence was built for him; favor shook the age. In the autumn of Yanchang 2, for merit in managing treatment, he was enfeoffed as Baron of Weinan. Collation note 15.
55
四年正月,世宗夜崩,肅宗踐祚。 顯參奉璽策,隨從臨哭,微為憂懼。 顯既蒙任遇,兼為法官,恃勢使威,為時所疾。 朝宰託以侍療無效,執之禁中,詔削爵位。 臨執呼冤,直閤以刀鐶撞其腋下,傷中吐血,至右衞府一宿死。 始顯布衣為諸生,有沙門相顯後當富貴,誡其勿為吏官,吏官必敗。 由是世宗時或欲令其遂攝吏部,每殷勤避之。 及世宗崩,肅宗夜即位,受璽冊,於儀須兼太尉及吏部,倉卒百官不具,以顯兼吏部行事矣。
In the first month of the fourth year Emperor Shizong died suddenly at night; Emperor Suzong ascended. Xian participated in presenting the seal edict, followed in attending the mourning, slightly fearful and anxious. Xian having received appointment and favor, also serving as judge, relied on power and wielded authority—hated by the age. Court ministers entrusted on the grounds that attendance in treatment was ineffective, seized him in the forbidden precinct; an edict stripped rank and title. At the time of seizure he cried injustice; a Direct Attendant struck his armpit with an iron ring, wounding the middle and spitting blood—one night at the Right Guard headquarters he died. At the start when Xian was in plain clothes as a student, a monk physiognomized him and said he would later be rich and noble, admonishing him not to become an official—an official post would surely fail. For this in Emperor Shizong's time when they sometimes wished to have him directly oversee the Ministry of Personnel, each time he earnestly avoided it. When Emperor Shizong died, Emperor Suzong at night ascended, received the seal register; in the rites one must concurrently be Grand Commandant and Ministry of Personnel—hurriedly the hundred officials were not complete—Xian acted concurrently for the Ministry of Personnel.
56
崔彧,字文若,清河東武城人。 父勳之,字寧國,位大司馬外兵郎,贈通直郎。 彧與兄相如俱自南入國。 相如以才學知名,早卒。 彧少嘗詣青州,逢隱逸沙門,教以素問九卷及甲乙,遂善醫術。 中山王英子略曾病,王顯等不能療,彧針之,抽針即愈。 後位冀州別駕,累遷寧遠將軍。 性仁恕,見疾苦,好與治之。 廣教門生,令多救療。 其弟子清河趙約、勃海郝文法之徒咸亦有名。
Cui Yu, courtesy name Wenruo, was a native of Dongwucheng in Qinghe. His father Xunzhi, courtesy name Ningguo, held the post of Outer Section Officer of the Grand Marshal, posthumously granted Direct Attendant. Yu and his elder brother Xiangru both from the south entered the state. Xiangru was known for talent and learning; he died early. Yu in youth once went to Qingzhou; he met a reclusive monk who taught him the nine scrolls of the Plain Questions and the A and B [canons], and thus became skilled at medical arts. Prince of Zhongshan Yuan Ying's son Lüe once fell ill; Wang Xian and others could not treat him; Yu needled him—when the needle was withdrawn he immediately recovered. Later he held the post of Aide-de-Camp of Jizhou; repeatedly rose to General of Pacifying the Distance. By nature benevolent and forgiving; seeing suffering and illness, he liked to treat them. He broadly taught disciples, ordering many to save and treat. His disciples Zhao Yue of Qinghe, Hao Wenfa of Bohai, and others were also famous.
57
彧子景哲,豪率,亦以醫術知名。 為太中大夫、司徒長史。 蔣少游,樂安博昌人也。 慕容白曜之平東陽,見俘入於平城,充平齊戶,後配雲中為兵。 性機巧,頗能畫刻。 有文思,吟咏之際,時有短篇。 遂留寄平城,以傭寫書為業,而名猶在鎮。
Yu's son Jingzhe, bold and unrestrained, was also known for medical arts. He was Grand Master of the Palace and Chief Clerk of the Minister of Education. Jiang Shaoyou was a native of Bochang in Le'an. When Murong Baiyao pacified Dongyang, he was seen as a captive and entered Pingcheng, assigned as a Pingqi household, later matched to Yunzhong as soldier. By nature ingenious, he was quite able at painting and carving. He had literary thought; in the intervals of chanting and reciting he sometimes had short pieces. He then remained lodged at Pingcheng, taking copying books as profession, yet his name was still at the garrison.
58
後被召為中書寫書生,與高聰俱依高允。 允愛其文用,遂並薦之,與聰俱補中書博士。 自在中書,恒庇李沖兄弟子姪之門。 始北方不悉青州蔣族,或謂少游本非人士,又少游微因工藝自達,是以公私人望不至相重。 唯高允、李沖曲為體練,由少游舅氏崔光與李沖從叔衍對門婚姻也。 高祖、文明太后常因密宴,謂百官曰:「本謂少游作師耳,高允老公乃言其人士。」 眷識如此。 然猶驟被引命,屑屑禁闥,以規矩刻繢為務,因此大蒙恩錫,超等備位,而亦不遷陟也。
Later he was summoned as a copyist of the Central Secretariat, together with Gao Cong both relying on Gao Yun. Yun loved his literary use, then both recommended them, and with Cong both were appointed Erudites of the Central Secretariat. From being in the Central Secretariat he always sheltered the brothers, sons, and nephews of Li Chong. At first the north did not know the Jiang clan of Qingzhou; some said Shaoyou was originally not a gentry man, and Shaoyou slightly because of craftsmanship reached advancement—thus public and private repute did not reach mutual weight. Only Gao Yun and Li Chong bent to cultivate him bodily—because Shaoyou's maternal uncle Cui Guang and Li Chong's father's younger brother Yan were opposite-door marriage kin. Emperor Gaozu and Empress Dowager Wenming often at secret banquets told the hundred officials, "Originally I thought Shaoyou would be a teacher only; old man Gao Yun said he is a gentry man." Favor and recognition were like this. Yet he was repeatedly summoned by order, busy in the forbidden gate, with compass, ruler, carving, and painting as his task—therefore greatly receiving grace and gifts, exceeding rank in filling posts, yet also not promoted in rank.
59
及詔尚書李沖與馮誕、游明根、高閭等議定衣冠於禁中,少游巧思,令主其事,亦訪於劉昶。 二意相乖,時致諍競,積六載乃成,始班賜百官。 冠服之成,少游有效焉。 後於平城將營太廟、太極殿,遣少游乘傳詣洛,量準魏晉基趾。 後為散騎侍郎,副李彪使江南。 高祖修船乘,以其多有思力,除都水使者,遷前將軍、兼將作大匠,仍領水池湖泛戲舟楫之具。 及華林殿、沼修舊增新,改作金墉門樓,皆所措意,號為妍美。
When an edict ordered Minister of the Imperial Secretariat Li Chong together with Feng Dan, You Minggen, and Gao Lu to discuss robes and caps in the forbidden precinct, Shaoyou's clever thought ordered him to chiefly manage the affair; he also consulted Liu Chang. The two intentions diverged; at the time causing dispute and contention—accumulated six years then completed, beginning to distribute to the hundred officials. When robes and caps were completed, Shaoyou had effect. Later at Pingcheng when about to build the Grand Temple and Grand Ultimate Hall, Shaoyou was dispatched by post-carriage to Luoyang to measure and standardize Wei and Jin foundations. Later he was Regular Palace Attendant, deputy to Li Biao on mission to Jiangnan. Emperor Gaozu repaired boats and carriages; because he had much thoughtful strength, he was appointed Director of Waterways, moved to General of the Vanguard and Concurrent Master of Works, still overseeing ponds, lakes, floating pleasure boats and oars. When the Hualin Hall and pond were repaired old and augmented new, altering the Golden City gate tower—all were directed by him, called refined and beautiful.
60
雖有文藻,而不得伸其才用,恒以剞劂繩尺,碎劇怱怱,徙倚園湖城殿之側,識者為之歎慨。 而乃坦爾為己任,不告疲耻。 又兼太常少卿,都水如故。 景明二年卒,贈龍驤將軍、青州刺史,諡曰質。 有文集十卷餘。 少游又為太極立模範,與董尒、王遇等參建之,皆未成而卒。
Though he had literary ornament, he could not extend his talent and use; constantly with carving, compass, and ruler, trivial and hurried, lingering beside the garden ponds and city halls—knowers sighed for him. Yet he calmly took it as his own task, not reporting fatigue or shame. He was also Concurrent Vice Minister of Ceremonies, Director of Waterways as before. He died in Jingming 2; posthumously granted General of Flying Dragons and Governor of Qingzhou, posthumous title Zhi. He had a collected writings of more than ten scrolls. Shaoyou also made models for the Grand Ultimate, together with Dong Er, Wang Yu, and others jointly building them—all not completed before death.
61
初,高宗時,郭善明甚機巧,北京宮殿,多其製作。 高祖時,青州刺史侯文和亦以巧聞,為要舟,水中立射。 滑稽多智,辭說無端,尤善淺俗委巷之語,至可玩笑。 位樂陵、濟南二郡太守。
At the beginning of Emperor Gaozong's time, Guo Shanming was very ingenious; the northern capital's palaces and halls were mostly his production. In Emperor Gaozu's time, Inspector of Qingzhou Hou Wenhe was also known for cleverness; he made essential boats, standing to shoot in water. Humorous and witty, very clever in speech, speaking without end, especially skilled in shallow vulgar alley language—most fit for jest. He held the posts of Administrator of Leling and Jinan commanderies.
62
世宗、肅宗時,豫州人柳儉、殿中將軍關文備、郭安興並機巧。 洛中製永寧寺九層佛圖,安興為匠也。
In the times of Emperor Shizong and Emperor Suzong, Liu Jian of Yuzhou, Palace Guard General Guan Wenbei, and Guo Anxing of the palace were all ingenious. In Luoyang they made the nine-story Buddhist pagoda of Yongning Temple; Anxing was the craftsman.
63
高祖時,有范寧兒者善圍碁。 曾與李彪使蕭賾,賾令江南上品王抗與寧兒。 [16]制勝而還。 又有浮陽高光宗善樗蒲。 趙國李幼序、洛陽丘何奴並工握槊。 此蓋胡戲,近入中國,云胡王有弟一人遇罪,將殺之,弟從獄中為此戲以上之,意言孤則易死也。 世宗以後,大盛於時。
In Emperor Gaozu's time there was Fan Ning'er skilled at weiqi. Once with Li Biao he was envoy to Xiao Ze; Ze ordered Jiangnan's highest-grade Wang Kang to play with Ning'er. [16] Victorious and returned. Also there was Gaoguang Zong of Fuyang skilled at chupu. Li Youxu of Zhao kingdom and Qiu Henu of Luoyang were both skilled at woro. This is roughly a barbarian game, recently entering China—it is said the barbarian king had a younger brother who met punishment and was about to be killed; the younger brother from prison made this game to present upward—the meaning saying "alone then easily dies." After Emperor Shizong it greatly flourished at the time.
64
史臣曰:陰陽卜祝之事,聖哲之教存焉。 雖不可以專,亦不可得而廢也。 徇於是者不能無非,厚於利者必有其害。 詩書禮樂,所失也鮮,故先王重其德; 方術伎巧,所失也深,故往哲輕其藝。 夫能通方術而不詭於俗,習伎巧而必蹈於禮者,幾于大雅君子。 故昔之通賢,所以戒乎妄作。 晁崇、張淵、王早、殷紹、耿玄、劉靈助皆術藝之士也。 觀其占候卜筮,推步盈虛,通幽洞微,近知鬼神之情狀。 周澹、李脩、徐謇、王顯、崔彧方藥特妙,各一時之美也。 蔣少游以剞劂見知,沒其學思,藝成為下,其近是乎?
The historian says: Matters of yin-yang divination and prayer—the teaching of sages exists therein. Though one cannot specialize in them, one also cannot abolish them. Those who pursue them cannot be without fault; those thick in profit must have harm. Poetry, documents, rites, and music—what is lost is slight; thus former kings weighted their virtue; methods and arts, skill and cleverness—what is lost is deep; thus former sages lightened their crafts. One who can master methods and arts without being deceptive toward the vulgar, practice skill and cleverness yet must tread in ritual—nearly a great-standard gentleman. Thus the sages of old therefore warned against reckless action. Chao Chong, Zhang Yuan, Wang Zao, Yin Shao, Geng Xuan, and Liu Lingzhu were all men of methods and arts. Observing their observation and prognostication, divination by tortoise shell and yarrow stalks, calculating steps of surplus and insufficiency, penetrating the obscure and subtle—they nearly know the sentiments and forms of ghosts and spirits. Zhou Dan, Li Xiu, Xu Jian, Wang Xian, and Cui Yu—medicinal formulas especially marvelous, each the beauty of an age. Jiang Shaoyou was known for carving—his learning and thought submerged, craft completed yet inferior—is this not close?
65
校勘記
Collation Notes
66
蔣少游按卷七下高祖紀太和十五年十一月乙亥條、卷五九劉昶傳、卷六八高聰傳「游」並作「遊」。 北史此二傳「遊」「游」雜出。 南齊書卷五七魏虜傳作「游」。 當時名字本通用同音字。 此傳出於北史,北史卷九0下作「游」,今皆仍之。
Jiang Shaoyou: According to the entry for the yihai day of the eleventh month of the fifteenth year of Taihe in juan 7B Gaozu benji, juan 59 Liu Chang zhuan, and juan 68 Gao Cong zhuan, "the cited text" is all written as "the cited text." In Beishi these two biographies have "the cited text" and "the cited text" mixed. Nanjie shu juan 57 Wei lu zhuan writes "the cited text." At the time personal names originally universally used homophonic characters. This biography comes from Beishi; Beishi juan 90B writes "the cited text"-now all follow it.
67
魏書卷九十一諸本目錄注「不全」,卷末有宋人校語 〈殿本入考證〉 云:「此卷王顯以前魏收舊書,崔彧、蔣少游傳全出北史及小史,史臣論亦全出北史藝術傳論,而北史全用周、隋書藝術傳論云。」
Weishu juan 91: Various editions' tables of contents note "incomplete"; at the scroll's end is a Song-dynasty collation note. 〈Palace edition entered textual verification〉 It states: "Before Wang Xian this scroll preserves Wei Shou's original text; the biographies of Cui Yu and Jiang Shaoyou are wholly drawn from Beishi and Xiaoshi, and the historian's discussion likewise comes from Beishi's Arts biography discussion—and Beishi in turn draws entirely on the Zhou and Sui shu Arts biography discussions."
68
黃帝靈威仰位東方按東方青帝靈威仰,見周禮天官太宰祀五帝條疏。 且下文又見「黃帝含樞紐在中央」,這裏「黃帝」當是「青帝」之訛。
Yellow Emperor Lingweiyang in the east: per the commentary on the Grand Steward's sacrifice to the Five Emperors in the Rites of Zhou, Heavenly Offices, Grand Steward. Below also appears "Yellow Emperor Hanshuniu in the center"—here "Yellow Emperor" is likely an error for "Green Emperor."
69
案天占以言災異北史卷八九張淵附孫僧化傳「天」作「文」。 疑當作「天文占」。 隋書卷三四經籍志子部天文類著錄天文集占、天文占、天文橫占、天文外官占等書可證,此傳及北史各脫一字。
On examining celestial prognostication to discuss disasters and anomalies: Beishi juan 89, Zhang Yuan appendix Sun Seng hua zhuan, writes "the cited text" as "the cited text." It is suspected the text should read "the cited text" (celestial prognostication). Suishu juan 34, Bibliographic Treatise, Masters section, Astronomy category, lists Celestial Prognostication Collection, Celestial Prognostication, Celestial Prognostication Horizontal, Celestial Prognostication Outer Official, and similar works as evidence—this biography and Beishi each omit one character.
70
字王琳北史卷八九信都芳傳「王」作「玉」,疑是。
Courtesy name Wang Lin: Beishi juan 89, Xindu Fang zhuan, writes "the cited text" as "the cited text"-likely correct.
71
又史遷郝振中古大儒諸本「古」訛「吉」,今據冊府卷八六九 〈一0三一0頁〉 改。
Also on Shi Qian and Hao Zhen, great scholars of middle antiquity: various editions wrongly write "the cited text" as "the cited text"-corrected now according to Cefu juan 869 〈page 10310〉 Corrected accordingly.
72
明陰陽九宮及兵法諸本「宮」作「官」,北史卷八九作「宮」。 按後漢書卷五九張衡傳,衡上疏有云「重之以卜筮,雜之以九宮」。 九宮是一種占卜術,隋書卷三四經籍志子部五行類著錄以「九宮」為名的黃帝九宮經等書多種。 「官」字訛,今據改。
On "understood yin-yang, Nine Palaces, and military arts": various editions write "the cited text" as "the cited text"; Beishi juan 89 has "the cited text." According to Hou Hanshu juan 59, Zhang Heng zhuan, Heng's memorial says "additionally with divination by tortoise shell and yarrow stalks, mixed with the Nine Palaces." Nine Palaces is a form of divination; Suishu juan 34, Bibliographic Treatise, Masters section, Five Agents category, records many works titled with "Nine Palaces," such as the Yellow Emperor Nine Palaces Classic. The character "the cited text" is erroneous and is corrected here according to the evidence.
73
而齊獻武王以明年閏二月破四胡於韓陵山諸本「四」作「西」。 按四胡屢見紀傳,指尒朱兆、天光、度律、仲遠四人,卷一一後廢帝紀中興二年閏三月壬戌稱「齊獻武王大破尒朱天光等四胡於韓陵」。 今據改。 又「閏二月」亦是「閏三月」之訛。
On "while Prince Xianwu of Qi in the intercalary second month of the following year broke the Four Hu at Hanling Mountain": various editions write "the cited text" as "the cited text." The Four Hu appear repeatedly in annals and biographies, referring to Erzhu Zhao, Tian Guang, Dulu, and Zhongyuan; juan 11, Houfeidi benji, Zhongxing 2, intercalary third month renchen says "Prince Xianwu of Qi greatly broke Erzhu Tian Guang and the others, the Four Hu, at Hanling." Corrected here according to the evidence. Also, "intercalary second month" is likely an error for "intercalary third month."
74
古今字詁三朝本、南本、汲本、局本「詁」作「訓」,北本、殿本及北史卷三四江式傳作「詁」。 按下文兩稱「古今字詁」,隋書卷三二經籍志經部小學類同。 今從北、殿本。
Ancient-and-Modern Character Glosses: Sanchao ben, Nan ben, Ji ben, and Ju ben write "the cited text" as "the cited text"; Bei ben, Dian ben, and Beishi juan 34, Jiang Shi zhuan, have "the cited text." The text below twice calls it "Ancient-and-Modern Character Glosses," matching Suishu juan 32, Bibliographic Treatise, Classics section, Philology category. The Bei and Dian editions are followed here.
75
博古開藝北史卷三四江式傳此句「古開」互倒,冊府卷六0八 〈七二九四頁〉 作「博聞古藝」,疑是。
On "broad in antiquity and opening arts": Beishi juan 34, Jiang Shi zhuan, reverses "the cited text" in this phrase; Cefu juan 608 〈page 7294〉 has "the cited text"-likely correct.
76
小兔為䨲諸本「兔」作「兒」,北史卷三四、冊府 〈同上卷頁〉 作「兔」。 按廣韵十九侯,「䨲,兔子」,故俗寫作「小兔」,「兒」字訛,今據改。
On "small rabbit" for snow: various editions write "the cited text" as "the cited text"; Beishi juan 34 and Cefu 〈same fascicle, same page〉 have "the cited text." According to Guangyun juan 19 Hou, "the cited text means rabbit," hence the vulgar form "small rabbit"-the character "the cited text" is erroneous and is corrected here according to the evidence.
77
祖文宗按此書不見前文,也不見隋書經籍志。
Zuwenzong: this work is not mentioned in the preceding text and does not appear in the Suishu Bibliographic Treatise.
78
昔晉武暴疾程和應增封辛疚數朝錢爵大墜按語不可解,程和事也不見晉書。 冊府卷八五九 〈一0二0一頁〉 作「昔晉武暴疾,程和進藥,增封賜錢,恩奬屢至」,疑是以意改。
On "formerly when Jin Emperor Wu had sudden illness Cheng He should have increased enfeoffment; Xin Jiu several courts Qian's rank greatly fell": the wording is inexplicable, and Cheng He's case is not found in Jin shu. Cefu juan 859 〈page 10201〉 reads "Formerly when Jin Emperor Wu had sudden illness, Cheng He advanced drugs, increased enfeoffment and granted cash, grace and reward repeatedly arriving"—suspected to be an intentional alteration.
79
少與李亮同師諸本「李」作「季」,北史卷九0王顯傳作「李」。 按李亮見前李脩傳。 「季」字訛,今改正。
On "in youth studied under the same teacher as Li Liang": various editions write "the cited text" as "the cited text"; Beishi juan 90, Wang Xian zhuan, has "the cited text." Li Liang appears in the preceding Li Xiu zhuan. The character "the cited text" is erroneous and is corrected here.
80
封衞南伯北史卷九0「衞南」作「衞國縣」。 按卷一0六上地形志上司州頓丘郡有衞國縣,「衞南」不見地形志,疑北史是。
On enfeoffment as Baron of Weinan: Beishi juan 90 writes "the cited text" as "the cited text." According to juan 106A, Dili zhi, Shang Sizhou, Dunqiu commandery, there is Weiguo county—"Weinan" does not appear in the Dili zhi; Beishi is likely correct.
81
賾令江南上品王抗與寧兒張森楷云:「『兒』下當有脫文。」
On "Ze ordered Jiangnan's highest-grade Wang Kang to play with Ning'er": Zhang Senkai says text is missing after "er."