1
帝王者，配德天地，協契陰陽，發號施令，動關幽顯。 是以克躬修政，畏天敬神，雖休勿休，而不敢怠也。 化之所感，其徵必至，善惡之來，報應如響。 斯蓋神祇眷顧，告示禍福，人主所以仰瞻俯察，戒德慎行，弭譴咎，致休禎，圓首之類，咸納於仁壽。 然則治世之符，亂邦之孽，隨方而作，厥迹不同，眇自百王，不可得而勝數矣。 今錄皇始之後災祥小大，總為靈徵志。
The sovereign's virtue is paired with Heaven and Earth; he aligns yin and yang, proclaims edicts, and every act he undertakes touches both the unseen and the visible realms. Hence he restrains himself and governs well, stands in awe of Heaven and honors the gods, and even in moments of repose refuses true idleness, never daring to slacken. Whatever moral influence moves forth must bring a sign in its train; good and evil alike meet their recompense as swiftly and surely as an answering sound. Thus the divine powers look upon mankind and declare blessing or disaster; the ruler therefore observes Heaven above and the world below, cultivates virtue and walks with care, wards off punishment, secures felicitous signs, and gathers all humankind into kindness and long life. Omens of good government and signs of a realm in disorder appear in their own places, each leaving a different trace; since the age of the ancient kings their number has been beyond reckoning. Here we compile omens of disaster and good fortune, large and small, from the Huangshi reign onward into this Treatise on Spiritual Signs.
2
洪範論曰：地陰類，大臣之象，陰靜而不當動，動者，臣下強盛，將動而為害之應也。
According to the Hongfan commentary: Earth is of the yin order and symbolizes high officials; yin should remain still and must not stir. When the earth moves, subordinates have grown powerful—it is the omen of their rising to do harm.
3
太宗泰常四年二月甲子，司州地震，屋室盡搖動。
In the fourth year of Taichang, on jiazi of the second month, during the reign of Emperor Taizong, Sizhou was struck by an earthquake that shook every dwelling.
4
世祖太延二年十一月丁卯，并州地震。
In the second year of Taiyan, on dingmao of the eleventh month, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, Bingzhou was shaken by an earthquake.
5
四年三月乙未，京師地震。
In the fourth year, on yiwei of the third month, the capital was struck by an earthquake.
6
十一月丁亥，幽兗二州地震。
On dinghai of the eleventh month, Youzhou and Yanzhou were shaken by earthquakes.
7
真君元年五月丙午，河東地震。
In the first year of Zhenjun, on bingwu of the fifth month, Hedong was struck by an earthquake.
8
高祖延興四年五月，雁門崎城有聲如雷，自上西引十餘聲，聲止地震。
In the fifth month of the fourth year of Yanxing, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, Qicheng in Yanmen rang like thunder—more than ten peals rolling from the sky toward the west—and when the noise died away, the earth shook.
9
十月己亥，京師地震。
On jihai of the tenth month, the capital was shaken by an earthquake.
10
太和元年四月辛酉，京師地震。
In the first year of Taihe, on xinyou of the fourth month, the capital was struck by an earthquake.
11
五月，統萬鎮地震，有聲如雷。
In the fifth month, Tongwan garrison was shaken by an earthquake that thundered like rolling thunder.
12
閏月，秦州地震，殷殷有聲。 四年正月，雍州氐民齊男王反。
In the intercalary month, Qinzhou was shaken by an earthquake that rumbled deeply. In the first month of the fourth year, Qinannanwang, a Di tribesman of Yongzhou, rose in rebellion.
13
二年二月丙子，兗州地震。 四年十月，蘭陵民桓富反，殺其縣令。
In the second year, on bingzi of the second month, Yanzhou was shaken by an earthquake. In the tenth month of the fourth year, Huan Fu, a man of Lanling, rose in revolt and slew the county magistrate.
14
七月丁卯，并州地震有聲。
On dingmao of the seventh month, Bingzhou was shaken by a rumbling earthquake.
15
三年三月戊辰，平州地震，有聲如雷，野雉皆雊。
In the third year, on wuchen of the third month, Pingzhou quaked with thunderous noise, and wild pheasants everywhere gave their mating call.
16
七月丁卯，京師地震。 五年二月，沙門法秀謀反。
On dingmao of the seventh month, the capital was struck by an earthquake. In the second month of the fifth year, the Buddhist monk Faxu conspired to rebel.
17
四年五月己酉，并州地震。
In the fourth year, on jiyou of the fifth month, Bingzhou was shaken by an earthquake.
18
五年二月戊戌，秦州地震。
In the fifth year, on wuxu of the second month, Qinzhou was struck by an earthquake.
19
六年五月癸未，秦州地震有聲。
In the sixth year, on guiwei of the fifth month, Qinzhou was shaken by a rumbling earthquake.
20
八月甲午，秦州地震，有聲如雷。 乙未又震。
On jiawu of the eighth month, Qinzhou quaked with a thunderous roar. On yiwei the earth trembled once more.
21
七年三月甲子，秦州地震有聲。
In the seventh year, on jiazi of the third month, Qinzhou was shaken by a rumbling earthquake.
22
四月丁卯，肆州地震有聲。
On dingmao of the fourth month, Sizhou was shaken by a rumbling earthquake.
23
六月甲子，東雍州地震有聲。
On jiazi of the sixth month, Eastern Yongzhou was shaken by a rumbling earthquake.
24
八年十一月丙申，并州地震。
In the eighth year, on bingshen of the eleventh month, Bingzhou was struck by an earthquake.
25
十年正月辛未，并州地震，殷殷有聲。
In the tenth year, on xinwei of the first month, Bingzhou quaked with a deep, rolling rumble.
26
閏月丙午，秦州地震。
On bingwu of the intercalary month, Qinzhou was shaken by an earthquake.
27
二月甲子，京師地震。 丙寅又震。
On jiazi of the second month, the capital was struck by an earthquake. On bingyin the earth trembled again.
28
丙午，秦州地震有聲。
On bingwu, Qinzhou was shaken by a rumbling earthquake.
29
三月壬子，京師及營州地震。 十二年三月，中散梁眾保謀反。
On renzi of the third month, both the capital and Yingzhou were shaken by earthquakes. In the third month of the twelfth year, Liang Zhongbao, a palace attendant, conspired to rebel.
30
十九年二月己未，光州地震，東萊之牟平虞丘山陷五所，一處有水。
In the nineteenth year, on jiwei of the second month, Guangzhou was shaken by an earthquake; on Yuqiu Mountain in Muping in Donglai, five sections sank, and water welled up in one of them.
31
二十年正月辛未，并州地震。
In the twentieth year, on xinwei of the first month, Bingzhou was struck by an earthquake.
32
四月乙未，營州地震。 十二月，恒州刺史穆泰等在州謀反，[1]誅。
On yiwei of the fourth month, Yingzhou was shaken by an earthquake. In the twelfth month, Mu Tai, inspector of Hengzhou, and others conspired to rebel in that province; [1] they were put to death.
33
二十二年三月癸未，營州地震。
In the twenty-second year, on guiwei of the third month, Yingzhou was struck by an earthquake.
34
八月戊子，兗州地震。
On wuzi of the eighth month, Yanzhou was shaken by an earthquake.
35
九月辛卯，并州地震。
On xinmao of the ninth month, Bingzhou was struck by an earthquake.
36
二十三年六月乙未，京師地震。
In the twenty-third year, on yiwei of the sixth month, the capital was shaken by an earthquake.
37
四年正月辛酉，涼州地震。
In the fourth year, on xinyou of the first month, Liangzhou was struck by an earthquake.
38
壬申，并州地震。
On renshen, Bingzhou was shaken by an earthquake.
39
六月丁亥，秦州地震。
On dinghai of the sixth month, Qinzhou was shaken by an earthquake.
40
十二月辛巳，秦州地震。 正始三年正月，秦州民王智等聚眾二千，自號王公，尋推秦州主簿呂苟兒為主。
On xinsi of the twelfth month, Qinzhou was struck by an earthquake. In the first month of the third year of Zhengshi, Wang Zhi and other men of Qinzhou mustered two thousand followers, proclaimed one of their number Duke of the Realm, and shortly afterward set up Lü Gou'er, chief clerk of Qinzhou, as their chief.
41
正始元年四月庚辰，京師地震。
In the first year of Zhengshi, on gengchen of the fourth month, the capital was shaken by an earthquake.
42
六月乙巳，京師地震。
On yisi of the sixth month, the capital was struck by an earthquake.
43
二年九月己丑，恒州地震。
In the second year, on jichou of the ninth month, Hengzhou was shaken by an earthquake.
44
三年七月己丑，涼州地震，殷殷有聲，城門崩。
In the third year, on jichou of the seventh month, Liangzhou quaked with a deep rumble, and its city gates crumbled.
45
八月庚申，秦州地震。 九月，夏州長史曹明謀反。 [2]
On gengshen of the eighth month, Qinzhou was struck by an earthquake. In the ninth month, Cao Ming, chief clerk of Xiazhou, conspired to rebel. See editorial note 2.
46
九月壬辰，青州地震，殷殷有聲。
On renchen of the ninth month, Qingzhou quaked with a deep, rolling rumble.
47
二年正月壬寅，青州地震。
In the second year, on renyin of the first month, Qingzhou was shaken by an earthquake.
48
四年五月庚戌，恒、定二州地震，殷殷有聲。
In the fourth year, on gengxu of the fifth month, Hengzhou and Dingzhou were shaken by earthquakes that rumbled deeply.
49
十月己巳，恒州地震，有聲如雷。
On jisi of the tenth month, Hengzhou quaked with a thunderous roar.
50
延昌元年四月庚辰，京師及并、朔、相、冀、定、瀛六州地震。 恒州之繁畤、桑乾、靈丘，肆州之秀容、雁門地震陷裂，山崩泉湧，殺五千三百一十人，傷者二千七百二十二人，牛馬雜畜死傷者三千餘。 後尒朱榮強擅之徵也。
In the first year of Yanchang, on gengchen of the fourth month, the capital and the six provinces of Bing, Shuo, Xiang, Ji, Ding, and Ying were all shaken by earthquakes. In Fanzhi, Sanggan, and Lingqiu in Hengzhou and in Xiurong and Yanmen in Sizhou the ground split and gave way; mountains fell and springs burst forth. Five thousand three hundred and ten people were killed and two thousand seven hundred and twenty-two wounded; cattle, horses, and other livestock killed or hurt numbered more than three thousand. Later this proved to be the portent of Erzhu Rong's overweening seizure of power.
51
十月壬申，秦州地震有聲。
On renshen of the tenth month, Qinzhou was shaken by a rumbling earthquake.
52
十一月己酉，定、肆二州地震。
On jiyou of the eleventh month, Dingzhou and Sizhou were struck by earthquakes.
53
十二月辛未，京師地震，東北有聲。
On xinwei of the twelfth month, the capital quaked, and a rumble was heard from the northeast.
54
二年三月己未，濟州地震有聲。
In the second year, on jiwei of the third month, Jizhou was shaken by a rumbling earthquake.
55
□月丙戌，[4]京師地震。
In the □ month, on bingxu, [4] the capital was struck by an earthquake.
56
三年正月辛亥，有司奏：「肆州上言秀容郡敷城縣自延昌二年四月地震，於今不止。」 尒朱榮徵也。
In the third year, on xinhai of the first month, the responsible officials memorialized: "Sizhou reports that in Fucheng County, Xiurong Commandery, earthquakes have continued without stop since the fourth month of the second year of Yanchang." This was a portent of Erzhu Rong.
57
四年正月癸丑，華州地震。
In the fourth year, on guichou of the first month, Huazhou was shaken by an earthquake.
58
十一月甲午，地震從西北來，殷殷有聲。 丁酉，又地震從東北來。
On jiawu of the eleventh month, an earthquake rolled in from the northwest with a deep, sustained rumble. On dingyou the earth shook again, this time from the northeast.
59
肅宗熙平二年十二月乙巳，秦州地震有聲。
In the second year of Xiping, on yisi of the twelfth month, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, Qinzhou was shaken by a rumbling earthquake.
60
正光二年六月，秦州地震有聲，東北引。 五年，莫折念生反。
In the sixth month of the second year of Zhenguang, Qinzhou quaked with a rumble that rolled toward the northeast. In the fifth year, Mozhe Niansheng rose in rebellion.
61
三年六月庚辰，徐州地震。 孝昌元年，元法僧反。
In the third year, on gengchen of the sixth month, Xuzhou was struck by an earthquake. In the first year of Xiaochang, Yuan Faseng rose in rebellion.
62
孝靜武定三年冬，并州地震。
In the winter of the third year of Wuding, during the reign of Emperor Xiaojing, Bingzhou was shaken by an earthquake.
63
七年夏，并州鄉郡地震。
In the summer of the seventh year, Xiang Commandery in Bingzhou was struck by an earthquake.
64
洪範論曰：山，陽，君也； 水，陰，民也。 天戒若曰：君道崩壞，百姓將失其所也。
According to the Hongfan commentary: Mountains belong to yang and represent the sovereign; water is yin and stands for the common people. Heaven's admonition appears to declare that the ruler's path is crumbling and the people will be driven from their homes.
65
太祖天賜六年春三月，恒山崩。
In the third month of spring in the sixth year of Tiansi, during the reign of Emperor Taizu, Mount Heng collapsed.
66
世祖太延四年四月己酉，華山崩。 其占曰：山岳配天，猶諸侯之係天子。 山岳崩，諸侯有亡者。 沮渠牧犍將滅之應。
In the fourth year of Taiyan, on jiyou of the fourth month, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, Mount Hua collapsed. The omen interpretation reads: Mountains are matched with Heaven, just as feudal lords are bound to the Son of Heaven. When mountains fall, some among the feudal lords will be destroyed. It foretold the coming fall of Juqu Mujian.
67
四年十一月丁巳，恒山崩。
In the fourth year, on dingsi of the eleventh month, Mount Heng collapsed.
68
正始元年十一月癸亥，恒山崩。
In the first year of Zhengshi, on guihai of the eleventh month, Mount Heng collapsed.
69
延昌三年八月辛巳，兗州上言：「泰山崩，頹石湧泉十七處。」 泰山，帝王告成封禪之所也，而山崩泉湧，陽黜而陰盛，岱又齊地也。 天意若曰：當有繼齊而興，受禪讓者。 齊代魏之徵也。
In the third year of Yanchang, on xinsi of the eighth month, Yanzhou memorialized: "Mount Tai has collapsed; at seventeen sites rock has fallen away and springs have burst forth." Mount Tai is where emperors proclaim their achievements and perform the feng and shan sacrifices; when that mountain falls and springs burst forth, yang is cast down and yin prevails—and Dai is the territory of Qi as well. Heaven's will appears to declare that someone will rise in Qi’s succession and receive the abdication of rule. It was the portent of Qi supplanting Wei.
70
京房易傳曰：眾逆同志，至德乃潛，厥異風。
Jing Fang's Commentary on the Changes states: When the rebellious multitude acts in concert, highest virtue goes into concealment—and the sign of this is wind.
71
太宗永興三年二月甲午，京師大風。 五月己巳，昌黎王慕容伯兒謀反伏誅。
In the third year of Yongxing, on jiawu of the second month, during the reign of Emperor Taizong, a violent wind swept the capital. On jisi of the fifth month, Murong Bo'er, Prince of Changli, conspired to rebel and was put to death when the plot was discovered.
72
十一月丙午，又大風。 五年，河西叛胡曹龍、張大頭等各領部眾二萬入蒲子。
On bingwu of the eleventh month, another violent wind arose. In the fifth year, the rebellious tribesmen of Hexi—Cao Long, Zhang Datou, and others—each led forces of twenty thousand men into Puzi.
73
四年正月癸卯，元會而大風晦冥，乃罷。
In the fourth year, on guimao of the first month, a violent wind darkened the sky during the New Year's court assembly, and the ceremony was cancelled.
74
五年十一月庚寅，京師大風，起自西方。
In the fifth year, on gengyin of the eleventh month, a violent wind swept the capital, coming up from the west.
75
神瑞元年四月，京師大風。
In the first year of Shenrui, in the fourth month, a violent wind struck the capital.
76
二年正月，京師大風。 三月，河西飢胡反，屯聚上黨，推白亞栗斯為盟主。
In the second year, in the first month, a violent wind swept the capital. In the third month, famine-stricken tribesmen of Hexi rose in revolt, gathered at Shangdang, and proclaimed Bai Yalisi their chief.
77
世祖太延二年四月甲申，京師暴風，宮牆倒，殺數十人。
In the second year of Taiyan, on jiashen of the fourth month, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, a squall struck the capital, toppling palace walls and killing several dozen people.
78
三年十二月，京師大風，揚沙折樹。
In the third year, in the twelfth month, a violent wind swept the capital, raising sand and breaking trees.
79
真君元年二月，京師有黑風竟天，廣五丈餘。 四月庚辰，沮渠無諱寇張掖，禿髮保周屯於刪丹嶺。
In the first year of Zhenjun, in the second month, a black wind filled the sky over the capital, spanning more than five zhang in width. On gengchen of the fourth month, Juqu Wuhui attacked Zhangye, while Tufa Baozhou encamped at Shandan Ridge.
80
高宗和平二年三月壬午，京師大風晦暝。
In the second year of Heping, on renwu of the third month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong, a violent wind darkened the capital.
81
高祖延興五年五月，京師赤風。
In the fifth year of Yanxing, in the fifth month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, a red wind swept the capital.
82
太和二年七月庚申，武川鎮大風，吹失六家，羊角而上，不知所在。
In the second year of Taihe, on gengshen of the seventh month, a violent wind at Wuchuan Garrison blew away six households, whirling skyward like ram's horns—to no one knew where.
83
壬戌，雍州赤風。
On renxu, a red wind swept Yongzhou.
84
三年六月壬辰，相州大風，從酉上來，發屋折樹。
In the third year, on renchen of the sixth month, a violent wind in Xiangzhou rose from the west, ripping apart houses and breaking trees.
85
七年四月，相、豫二州大風。
In the seventh year, in the fourth month, violent winds struck both Xiang and Yu provinces.
86
八年三月，冀、定、相三州暴風。
In the eighth year, in the third month, squalls struck Ji, Ding, and Xiang provinces.
87
四月，濟、光、幽、肆、雍、齊六州暴風。
In the fourth month, squalls struck the six provinces of Ji, Guang, You, Si, Yong, and Qi.
88
九年六月庚戌，濟、洛、肆、相四州及靈丘、廣昌鎮暴風折木。
In the ninth year, on gengxu of the sixth month, squalls in Ji, Luo, Si, and Xiang provinces and at the garrisons of Lingqiu and Guangchang broke trees.
89
十二年五月壬寅，京師連日大風，甲辰尤甚，發屋拔樹。
In the twelfth year, on renyin of the fifth month, violent winds beset the capital for days on end; on jiachen they were at their worst, ripping houses apart and uprooting trees.
90
六月壬申，京師大風。
On renshen of the sixth month, a violent wind swept the capital.
91
十四年七月丁酉朔，京師大風，拔樹發屋。
In the fourteenth year, on the first day dingyou of the seventh month, a violent wind swept the capital, uprooting trees and ripping houses apart.
92
二十三年八月，徐州自甲寅至己未，大風拔樹。
In the twenty-third year, in the eighth month, from jiayin through jiwei a violent wind in Xuzhou uprooted trees.
93
閏月庚申，河州暴風，大雨雹。
On gengshen of the intercalary month, a squall struck Hezhou, accompanied by heavy hail.
94
世宗景明元年二月癸巳，幽州暴風，殺一百六十一人。
In the first year of Jingming, on guisi of the second month, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, a squall in Youzhou killed one hundred sixty-one people.
95
三年閏月甲午，京師大風，拔樹發屋，吹折閶闔門關。
In the third year, on jiawu of the intercalary month, a violent wind swept the capital, uprooting trees and ripping houses apart and snapping the gate-bars of the Changhe Gate.
96
九月丙辰，幽、岐、梁、東秦州暴風昏霧，拔樹發屋。
On bingchen of the ninth month, squalls and murky fog in You, Qi, Liang, and East Qin provinces uprooted trees and ripped houses apart.
97
四年三月己未，司州之河北、河東、正平、平陽大風拔樹。
In the fourth year, on jiwei of the third month, violent winds uprooted trees in the Hebei, Hedong, Zhengping, and Pingyang districts of Sizhou.
98
二年二月癸卯，有黑風羊角而上，起於柔玄鎮，蓋地一頃，所過拔樹。 甲辰，至於營州，東入於海。
In the second year, on guimao of the second month, a black whirlwind spiraled skyward like ram's horns from Rouxuan Garrison, covering roughly a hectare of land and uprooting every tree in its path. On jiachen it reached Yingzhou and drove eastward into the sea.
99
四年五月甲子，京師大風。
In the fourth year, on jiazi of the fifth month, a violent wind swept the capital.
100
永平元年四月壬申，京師大風拔樹。 八月癸亥，冀州刺史、京兆王愉據州反。
In the first year of Yongping, on renshen of the fourth month, a violent wind in the capital uprooted trees. On guihai of the eighth month, Yuan Yu, Prince of Jingzhao and inspector of Jizhou, rebelled and seized control of the province.
101
三年五月己亥，南秦州廣業、仇池郡大風，發屋拔樹。
In the third year, on jihai of the fifth month, violent winds in the Guangye and Chouci commanderies of South Qinzhou ripped houses apart and uprooted trees.
102
延昌四年三月癸亥，京師暴風，從西北來，發屋折樹。
In the fourth year of Yanchang, on guihai of the third month, a squall struck the capital from the northwest, ripping houses apart and breaking trees.
103
肅宗熙平二年九月，瀛州暴風大雨，自辛酉至於乙丑。
In the second year of Xiping, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, in the ninth month, Yingzhou suffered squalls and heavy rain from xinyou through yichou.
104
正光三年四月癸酉，京師暴風大雨，發屋拔樹。
In the third year of Zhenguang, on guiyou of the fourth month, squalls and torrential rain in the capital ripped houses apart and uprooted trees.
105
四年四月辛巳，京師大風。
In the fourth year, on xinsi of the fourth month, a violent wind swept the capital.
106
孝昌二年五月丙寅，京師暴風，拔樹發屋，吹平昌門扉壞，永寧九層撜折。 [5]於時天下所在兵亂。
In the second year of Xiaochang, on bingyin of the fifth month, a squall in the capital uprooted trees and ripped houses apart, smashed the leaf-doors of the Pingchang Gate, and snapped the nine-tier finial of the Yongning Pagoda. [5] At that time warfare raged everywhere under Heaven.
107
前廢帝普泰元年夏，大風雨，吹普光寺門屋於地。
In the first year of Putai, during the reign of the Former Deposed Emperor, in summer, violent wind and rain blew the gate-house of Puguang Temple to the ground.
108
孝靜武定七年三月，潁川大風。
In the seventh year of Wuding, in the third month, during the reign of Emperor Xiaojing, a violent wind struck Yingchuan.
109
洪範論曰：大水者，皆君臣治失而陰氣稸積盛強，生水雨之災也。
According to the Hongfan commentary: Great floods occur when ruler and ministers fail in governance and yin forces accumulate and grow overpowering, giving rise to disasters of flood and rain.
110
太祖天賜三年八月，霖雨，大震，山谷水溢。
In the third year of Tiansi, in the eighth month, during the reign of Emperor Taizu, incessant rain fell, thunder rolled, and valley streams overflowed.
111
太宗泰常三年八月，河內大水。
In the third year of Taichang, in the eighth month, during the reign of Emperor Taizong, Henei suffered a great flood.
112
世祖延和元年六月甲戌，京師水溢，壞民廬舍數百家。
In the first year of Yanhe, on jiaxu of the sixth month, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, waters overflowed in the capital, destroying several hundred civilian homes.
113
真君八年七月，平州大水。
In the eighth year of Zhenjun, in the seventh month, Pingzhou suffered a great flood.
114
高祖太和二年夏四月，南豫、徐、兗州大霖雨。
In the second year of Taihe, in the fourth month of summer, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, torrential rains fell on South Yu, Xu, and Yan provinces.
115
六年七月，青、雍二州大水。
In the sixth year, in the seventh month, Qing and Yong provinces suffered great floods.
116
八月，徐、東徐、兗、濟、平、豫、光七州，平原、枋頭、廣阿、臨濟四鎮大水。
In the eighth month, great floods struck the seven provinces of Xu, East Xu, Yan, Ji, Ping, Yu, and Guang and the four garrisons of Pingyuan, Fangtou, Guang'a, and Linji.
117
九年九月，南豫、朔二州各大水，殺千餘人。
In the ninth year, in the ninth month, South Yu and Shuo provinces each suffered great floods that killed more than a thousand people.
118
二十二年戊午，兗、豫二州大霖雨。
In the twenty-second year, on wuwu, torrential rains fell on Yan and Yu provinces.
119
二十三年六月，青、齊、光、南青、徐、豫、兗、東豫八州大水。
In the twenty-third year, in the sixth month, great floods struck the eight provinces of Qing, Qi, Guang, South Qing, Xu, Yu, Yan, and East Yu.
120
正始二年三月，青、徐州大雨霖，海水溢出於青州樂陵之隰沃縣，流漂一百五十二人。
In the second year of Zhengshi, in the third month, torrential rains fell on Qing and Xu provinces; the sea overflowed at Xiwu County in Leling, Qingzhou, carrying away one hundred fifty-two people.
121
永平三年七月，州郡二十大水。
In the third year of Yongping, in the seventh month, twenty provinces and commanderies suffered great floods.
122
延昌元年夏，京師及四方大水。
In the first year of Yanchang, in summer, the capital and the four directions suffered great floods.
123
二年五月，壽春大水。
In the second year, in the fifth month, Shouchun suffered a great flood.
124
肅宗熙平元年六月，徐州大水。
In the first year of Xiping, in the sixth month, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, Xuzhou suffered a great flood.
125
二年九月，冀、瀛、滄三州大水。
In the second year, in the ninth month, Ji, Ying, and Cang provinces suffered great floods.
126
正光二年夏，定、冀、瀛、相四州大水。
In the second year of Zhenguang, in summer, Ding, Ji, Ying, and Xiang provinces suffered great floods.
127
孝昌三年秋，京師大水。
In the third year of Xiaochang, in autumn, the capital suffered a great flood.
128
出帝太昌元年六月庚午，京師大水，穀水汎溢，壞三百餘家。
In the first year of Taichang, on gengwu of the sixth month, during the reign of the Deposed Emperor, the capital suffered a great flood; the Gu River overflowed and destroyed more than three hundred homes.
129
孝靜元象元年，定、冀、瀛、滄四州大水。
In the first year of Yuanxiang, during the reign of Emperor Xiaojing, Ding, Ji, Ying, and Cang provinces suffered great floods.
130
興和四年，滄州大水。
In the fourth year of Xinghe, Cangzhou suffered a great flood.
131
太宗泰常五年十二月壬辰，湧泉出於平城。
In the fifth year of Taichang, on renchen of the twelfth month, during the reign of Emperor Taizong, a gushing spring burst forth at Pingcheng.
132
高宗和平五年十一月，雁門泉水穿石湧出。
In the fifth year of Heping, in the eleventh month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong, spring water at Yanmen burst through rock and surged forth.
133
前廢帝普泰元年秋，司徒府太倉前井並溢。 占曰：民遷流之象。 永熙三年十月，都遷於鄴。
In the first year of Putai, in autumn, during the reign of the Former Deposed Emperor, the wells before the Steward's Office and the Granary both overflowed. Prognostication holds: this is an omen of the people's displacement and migration. In the third year of Yongxi, in the tenth month, the capital was transferred to Ye.
134
孝靜天平四年七月，泰州井溢。
In the fourth year of Tianping, in the seventh month, during the reign of Emperor Xiaojing, the wells in Taizhou overflowed.
135
元象元年二月，鄴城西南有枯井溢。
In the first year of Yuanxiang, in the second month, a dried-up well southwest of Ye city overflowed.
136
洪範論曰：陽之專氣為雹，陰之專氣為霰。 此言陽專而陰脅之，陰專而陽薄之，不能相入，則轉而為雹。 猶臣意不合於君心也。
According to the Hongfan commentary: When yang force alone prevails, it produces hail; when yin force alone prevails, it produces sleet. This means that when yang alone prevails while yin presses against it, or yin alone prevails while yang is thinly spread against it, and the two cannot penetrate each other, they transform into hail. It is like the minister's purpose failing to align with the ruler's heart.
137
高祖延興四年四月庚午，涇州大雹，傷稼。
In the fourth year of Yanxing, on gengwu of the fourth month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, a heavy hailstorm in Jingzhou damaged the crops.
138
八月庚申，并州鄉郡大雹，平地尺，草木禾稼皆盡。
On gengshen of the eighth month, heavy hail in Xiangjun, Bingzhou, piled a foot deep on level ground; vegetation and grain crops were utterly destroyed.
139
癸未，定州大雹殺人，大者方圓二尺。
On guiwei, heavy hail in Dingzhou killed people; the largest stones were roughly two feet across.
140
世宗景明元年六月，雍、青二州大雨雹，殺麞鹿。
In the first year of Jingming, in the sixth month, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, heavy hail in Yong and Qing provinces killed roe deer.
141
四年五月癸酉，汾州大雨雹。
In the fourth year, on guiyou of the fifth month, heavy hail fell on Fenzhou.
142
六月乙巳，汾州大雨雹，草木、禾稼、雉兔皆死。
On yisi of the sixth month, heavy hail in Fenzhou killed all vegetation, grain crops, pheasants, and hares.
143
七月甲戌，暴風，大雨雹，起自汾州，經并、相、司、兗，至徐州而止，廣十里，所過草木無遺。
On jiaxu of the seventh month, a squall with heavy hail arose in Fenzhou, swept through Bing, Xiang, Si, and Yan provinces, and stopped at Xuzhou; ten li wide, it left no vegetation standing in its path.
144
正始二年三月丁丑，齊、濟二州大雹，雨雪。
In the second year of Zhengshi, on dingchou of the third month, heavy hail in Qi and Ji provinces, with snow and rain.
145
永平三年五月庚子，南秦廣業郡大雨雹，殺鳥獸、禾稼。
In the third year of Yongping, on gengzi of the fifth month, heavy hail in Guangye commandery of South Qin killed birds, beasts, and grain crops.
146
洪範論曰：春秋之大雨雪，猶庶徵之恒雨也，然尤甚焉。 夫雨，陰也，雪又陰也。 大雪者，陰之稸積盛甚也。 一曰與大水同，冬故為雪耳。
According to the Hongfan commentary: The heavy rain and snow recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals resembles the constant-rain omen among the various signs, but is even more severe. Rain belongs to yin, and snow belongs to yin as well. Heavy snow means yin forces have accumulated and grown overpoweringly strong. One view holds that it is the same as great flooding—in winter it simply takes the form of snow.
147
世祖始光二年十月，大雪數尺。
In the second year of Shiguang, in the tenth month, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, snow piled several chi deep.
148
真君八年五月，北鎮寒雪，人畜凍死。 是時為政嚴急。 [6]
In the eighth year of Zhenjun, in the fifth month, freezing snow fell on the northern garrisons, and people and livestock perished from the cold. At that time government policy was severe and harsh. See editorial note [6].
149
高祖太和四年九月甲子朔，京師大風，雨雪三尺。
In the fourth year of Taihe, on the first day jiazi of the ninth month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, a violent wind swept the capital, and rain and snow piled three chi deep.
150
世宗正始元年五月壬戌，武川鎮大雨雪。
In the first year of Zhengshi, on renxu of the fifth month, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, heavy rain and snow fell at Wuchuan Garrison.
151
四年二月乙卯，司、相二州暴風，大雨雪。
In the fourth year, on yimao of the second month, squalls struck Si and Xiang provinces, accompanied by heavy rain and snow.
152
九月壬申，大雪。
On renshen of the ninth month, heavy snow fell.
153
肅宗正光二年四月，柔玄鎮大雪。
In the second year of Zhenguang, in the fourth month, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, heavy snow fell at Rouxuan Garrison.
154
京房易傳曰：興兵妄誅，茲謂亡法，厥災霜，夏殺五穀，冬殺麥； 誅不原情，茲謂不仁，夏先大霜。
Jing Fang's Commentary on the Changes states: To raise armies and execute without cause is called abandoning the law; the calamity is frost—killing the five grains in summer and wheat in winter; To execute without investigating the facts is called lacking benevolence; in summer, heavy frost comes first.
155
太祖天賜五年七月冀州霣霜。
In the fifth year of Tiansi, in the seventh month, during the reign of Emperor Taizu, frost fell in Jizhou.
156
世祖太延元年七月庚辰，大霣霜，殺草木。
In the first year of Taiyan, on gengchen of the seventh month, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, heavy frost fell and killed grass and trees.
157
高宗和平六年四月乙丑，霣霜。
In the sixth year of Heping, on yichou of the fourth month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong, frost fell.
158
高祖太和三年七月，雍、朔二州及枹罕、吐京、薄骨律、敦煌、仇池鎮並大霜，禾豆盡死。
In the third year of Taihe, in the seventh month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, Yong and Shuo provinces and the garrisons of Baohan, Tujing, Bogulü, Dunhuang, and Qiuchi all suffered heavy frost, and grain and beans were destroyed entirely.
159
六年四月，潁川郡霣霜。
In the sixth year, in the fourth month, frost fell in Yingchuan commandery.
160
七年三月，肆州風霜，殺菽。
In the seventh year, in the third month, wind and frost in Sizhou destroyed the legume crop.
161
九年四月，雍、青二州霣霜。
In the ninth year, in the fourth month, frost fell in Yong and Qing provinces.
162
六月，洛、肆、相三州及司州靈丘、廣昌鎮霣霜。
In the sixth month, frost fell in Luo, Si, and Xiang provinces and at the Lingqiu and Guangchang garrisons in Sizhou.
163
十四年八月乙未，汾州霣霜。
In the fourteenth year, on yiwei of the eighth month, frost fell in Fenzhou.
164
世宗景明元年四月丙子，夏州霣霜殺草。
In the first year of Jingming, on bingzi of the fourth month, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, frost fell in Xiazhou and killed the grass.
165
六月丁亥，建興郡霣霜殺草。
In the sixth month, on dinghai, frost fell in Jianxing commandery and killed the grass.
166
八月乙亥，雍、并、朔、夏、汾五州，司州之正平、平陽頻暴風霣霜。
On yihai of the eighth month, squalls and repeated frost struck Yong, Bing, Shuo, Xia, and Fen provinces and Zhengping and Pingyang in Sizhou.
167
二年三月辛亥，齊州霣霜，殺桑麥。
In the second year, on xinhai of the third month, frost fell in Qizhou and destroyed mulberry and wheat.
168
四年三月壬戌，雍州霣霜，殺桑麥。
In the fourth year, on renxu of the third month, frost fell in Yongzhou and destroyed mulberry and wheat.
169
辛巳，青州霣霜，殺桑麥。
On xinsi, frost fell in Qingzhou and destroyed mulberry and wheat.
170
正始元年五月壬戌，武川鎮霣霜。
In the first year of Zhengshi, on renxu of the fifth month, frost fell at Wuchuan Garrison.
171
六月辛卯，懷朔鎮霣霜。
In the sixth month, on xinmao, frost fell at Huaishuo Garrison.
172
七月戊辰，東秦州霣霜。
In the seventh month, on wuchen, frost fell in East Qinzhou.
173
八月庚子，河州霣霜殺稼。
In the eighth month, on gengzi, frost fell in Hezhou and destroyed the crops.
174
二年四月，齊州霣霜。
In the second year, in the fourth month, frost fell in Qizhou.
175
五月壬申，恒、汾二州霣霜殺稼。
In the fifth month, on renshen, frost fell in Heng and Fen provinces and destroyed the crops.
176
七月辛巳，豳、岐二州霣霜。
In the seventh month, on xinsi, frost fell in Bin and Qi provinces.
177
乙未，敦煌霣霜。
On yiwei, frost fell at Dunhuang.
178
戊戌，恒州霣霜。
On wuxu, frost fell in Hengzhou.
179
三年六月丙申，安州霣霜。
In the third year, on bingshen of the sixth month, frost fell in Anzhou.
180
四年三月乙丑，豳州頻霣霜。
In the fourth year, on yichou of the third month, frost fell repeatedly in Binzhou.
181
四月乙卯，敦煌頻霣霜。
In the fourth month, on yimao, frost fell repeatedly at Dunhuang.
182
八月，河州霣霜。
In the eighth month, frost fell in Hezhou.
183
永平元年三月乙酉，岐、豳二州霣霜。
In the first year of Yongping, on yiyou of the third month, frost fell in Qi and Bin provinces.
184
己丑，并州霣霜。
On jichou, frost fell in Bingzhou.
185
四月戊午，敦煌霣霜。
In the fourth month, on wuwu, frost fell at Dunhuang.
186
二年四月辛亥，武州鎮霣霜。
In the second year, on xinhai of the fourth month, frost fell at Wuzhou Garrison.
187
延昌四年三月癸亥，河南八州霣霜。
In the fourth year of Yanchang, on guihai of the third month, frost fell in the eight provinces of Henan.
188
肅宗熙平元年七月，河南、北十一州霜。
In the first year of Xiping, in the seventh month, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, frost struck Henan and eleven northern provinces.
189
無雲而雷
Thunder Without Clouds
190
洪範論曰：雷，陽也； 雲，陰也。 有雲然後有雷，有臣然後有君也。 雷託於雲，君託於臣，陰陽之合也。 故無雲而雷，示君獨處無臣民也。
According to the Hongfan commentary: Thunder belongs to yang; Clouds belong to yin. Only when clouds gather does thunder follow; only when ministers exist does a ruler arise. Thunder depends upon clouds as the ruler depends upon ministers—it is the union of yin and yang. Therefore thunder without clouds signifies a sovereign standing alone, without ministers or people.
191
顯祖皇興元年七月，東北無雲而雷。
In the first year of Huangxing, in the seventh month, during the reign of Emperor Xianzu, thunder sounded in the northeast though no clouds were present.
192
二年七月，東北有聲如雷。
In the second year, in the seventh month, a thunderous sound rose from the northeast.
193
世宗延昌元年二月己酉，有聲起東北，南引，殷殷如雷，二聲而止。
In the first year of Yanchang, on jiyou of the second month, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, a rumbling like thunder began in the northeast, rolled southward in two peals, and then ceased.
194
世祖太延四年十月辛酉，北有聲如大鼓，西北行。
In the fourth year of Taiyan, on xinyou of the tenth month, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, a sound like a great drum rolled from the north toward the northwest.
195
洪範論曰：陽用事百八十三日而終，陰用事亦百八十三日而終，雷出地百八十三日而入地，入地百八十三日而復出地，是其常經也。 故雷安，萬物安； 雷害，萬物害。 猶國也，君安，國亦安； 君害，國亦害。 不當雷而雷，皆失節也。
According to the Hongfan commentary: Yang governs for one hundred eighty-three days and then yields; yin governs for one hundred eighty-three days and yields likewise. Thunder rises from the earth for one hundred eighty-three days, then returns underground; after one hundred eighty-three days underground it rises again—these are its regular cycles. Thus when thunder is in its proper season, all things are secure; when thunder is out of season, all things suffer harm. So too with a realm: when the ruler is secure, the realm is secure; when the ruler suffers harm, the realm suffers harm as well. Thunder out of season is always a breach of proper timing.
196
世祖神䴥元年十月己酉，雨，雷電。
In the first year of Shenju, on jiyou of the tenth month, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, rain fell with thunder and lightning.
197
太延三年十月癸丑，雷。
In the third year of Taiyan, on guichou of the tenth month, thunder sounded.
198
四年十一月丁亥，雷。
In the fourth year, on dinghai of the eleventh month, thunder sounded.
199
高祖太和三年十一月庚戌，豫州雷雨。
In the third year of Taihe, on gengxu of the eleventh month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, thunder and rain struck Yuzhou.
200
戊申，豫州大雷雨，平地水三寸。
On wushen, a great thunderstorm struck Yuzhou, leaving three cun of standing water on level ground.
201
四年十月戊戌，雷。
In the fourth year, on wuxu of the tenth month, thunder sounded.
202
七年十一月辛巳，幽州雷電，城內盡赤。
In the seventh year, on xinsi of the eleventh month, thunder and lightning struck Youzhou, and the interior of the city turned entirely red.
203
世宗景明二年十一月辛卯，涼州雷，七發聲。
In the second year of Jingming, on xinmao of the eleventh month, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, thunder rolled seven times in Liangzhou.
204
三年十二月己巳，夜雷，九發聲。
In the third year, on jisi of the twelfth month, thunder sounded nine times at night.
205
肅宗正光元年正月壬寅，雷。
In the first year of Zhenguang, on renyin of the first month, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, thunder sounded.
206
春秋震夷伯之廟，左丘明謂展氏有隱慝焉。 劉向以為夷伯世大夫，天戒若曰：勿使大夫世官，將專事也。
The Spring and Autumn Annals record lightning striking the temple of Earl Yi; Zuo Qiuming held that the Zhan clan harbored secret wickedness. Liu Xiang interpreted this as Earl Yi being a hereditary minister; Heaven's warning seemed to say: Do not allow ministers to hold hereditary office, or they will seize control of government.
207
太祖天賜六年四月，震天安殿東序。 帝惡之，令左校以衝車攻殿東西兩序屋毀之。 帝竟暴崩。
In the sixth year of Tiansi, in the fourth month, during the reign of Emperor Taizu, lightning struck the eastern wing of the Tian'an Hall. The emperor took this as an ill omen and ordered the Left Superintendent to batter and demolish the buildings of both the eastern and western wings of the hall. The emperor ultimately died a sudden death.
208
顯祖皇興二年十一月夜，震電。
In the second year of Huangxing, on a night in the eleventh month, during the reign of Emperor Xianzu, lightning flashed.
209
高祖太和三年五月戊午，震東廟東中門屋南鴟尾。
In the third year of Taihe, on wuwu of the fifth month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, lightning struck the southern chiwen ornament atop the eastern middle gatehouse of the Eastern Temple.
210
班固說：上不寬大包容臣下，則不能居聖位。 貌、言、視、聽，以心為主，四者皆失，則區瞀無識，故其咎霧。
In Ban Gu's account: If a ruler does not govern with breadth and forbearance toward his ministers, he cannot long hold the sacred throne. Countenance, speech, sight, and hearing all depend upon the heart; when all four fail, the mind grows dim and unseeing—and the calamity manifests as fog.
211
世祖太延四年正月庚子，雨土如霧於洛陽。
In the fourth year of Taiyan, on gengzi of the first month, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, dust fell like fog over Luoyang.
212
高祖太和十二年十一月丙戌，土霧竟天，六日不開，到甲夜仍復濃密，勃勃如火煙，辛慘人鼻。
In the twelfth year of Taihe, on bingxu of the eleventh month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, dust-fog shrouded the sky for six days without lifting; by the first watch of the night it thickened again, billowing like smoke from fire, acrid and stinging in the nostrils.
213
世宗景明三年二月己丑，秦州黃霧，雨土覆地。
In the third year of Jingming, on jichou of the second month, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, yellow fog hung over Qinzhou as falling dust covered the ground.
214
八月己酉，濁氣四塞。
In the eighth month, on jiyou, murky air choked the land on every side.
215
四年八月辛巳，涼州雨土覆地，亦如霧。
In the fourth year, on xinsi of the eighth month, dust falling over Liangzhou covered the ground like fog.
216
正始二年正月己丑夜，陰霧四塞，初黑後赤。
On the night of jichou in the first month of the second year of Zhengshi, dark fog sealed the land on every side, shifting from black to red.
217
三年正月辛丑，土霧四塞。
In the third year, on xinchou of the first month, dust-fog choked the land on every side.
218
九月壬申，黑霧四塞。
In the ninth month, on renshen, black fog sealed the land on every side.
219
延昌元年二月甲戌，黃霧蔽塞。 時高肇以外戚見寵，兄弟受封，同漢之五侯也。
In the first year of Yanchang, on jiaxu of the second month, yellow fog blotted out the sky. At that time Gao Zhao, favored as an imperial in-law, saw his brothers enfeoffed—a repetition of the Five Marquises of Han.
220
桃李花
Peach and Plum Blossoms
221
庶徵之恒燠。 劉向、班固以冬亡冰及霜，不殺草之應。 京房易傳曰：夏暑殺人，冬則物華實。
Constant heat among the various portents. Liu Xiang and Ban Gu interpreted this as the omen of a winter without ice or frost, when cold fails to kill the grass. Jing Fang's Commentary on the Changes states: When summer's heat slays the people, in winter plants bloom and bear fruit out of season.
222
世祖真君五年八月，華林園諸果盡花。
In the fifth year of Zhenjun, in the eighth month, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, every fruit tree in the Hualin Garden came into bloom.
223
高祖延興五年八月，中山桃李花。
In the fifth year of Yanxing, in the eighth month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, peach and plum trees blossomed in Zhongshan.
224
世宗景明四年十一月，齊州東清河郡桃李花。
In the fourth year of Jingming, in the eleventh month, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, peach and plum trees blossomed in East Qinghe commandery of Qizhou.
225
延昌四年閏十月辛亥，京師柰樹花。
In the fourth year of Yanchang, on xinhai of the intercalary tenth month, nashi pear trees blossomed in the capital.
226
火不炎上
Fire Fails to Flame Upward
227
洪範傳曰：棄法律，逐功臣，殺太子，以妾為妻，則火不炎上。 謂火失其性而為災。
According to the Hongfan commentary: When laws are cast aside, worthy ministers are expelled, the crown prince is slain, and a concubine is made consort, fire fails to flame upward. This means fire has lost its proper nature and turned destructive.
228
高宗太安五年春三月，肥如城內大火，官私廬舍焚燒略盡，唯有東西二寺佛圖像舍火獨不及。
In the third month of spring in the fifth year of Taian, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong, a great fire consumed Feiru city, burning nearly every official and private building—only the buddha-image halls of the eastern and western monasteries escaped the flames.
229
高祖太和八年五月戊寅，河內沁縣澤自燃，稍增至百餘步，五日乃滅。
In the eighth year of Taihe, on wuyin of the fifth month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, a marsh in Qinxian, Henei, burst into flame on its own, spreading to over one hundred paces before burning out five days later.
230
世宗景明元年三月乙巳，恒岳祠災。
In the first year of Jingming, on yisi of the third month, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, the Mount Heng shrine was destroyed by fire.
231
肅宗正光元年五月，鈎盾禁災。
In the fifth month of the first year of Zhenguang, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, the Gou Dun Guard compound burned.
232
孝昌二年夏，幽州遒縣地燃。
In the summer of the second year of Xiaochang, the ground caught fire in Qiu county, Youzhou.
233
三年春，瀛州城內大火，燒三千餘家。
In the spring of the third year, a great fire broke out inside Yingzhou city and destroyed more than three thousand households.
234
出帝永熙三年二月，永寧寺九層佛圖災。 既而時人咸言有人見佛圖飛入東海中。 永寧佛圖，靈像所在，天意若曰：永寧見災，魏不寧矣。 勃海，齊獻武王之本封也，神靈歸海，則齊室將興之驗也。
In the second month of the third year of Yongxi, during the reign of the Deposed Emperor, the nine-story buddha pagoda of Yongning Temple was destroyed by fire. Soon afterward people everywhere claimed that someone had seen the buddha pagoda fly eastward into the sea. The Yongning pagoda housed the sacred images; Heaven's message seemed plain: when Yongning burns, Wei shall know no peace. Bohai was the ancestral fief of Prince Xianwu of Qi; when sacred emblems vanish into the sea, it presages the rise of the house of Qi.
235
三月，并州三級寺南門災。
In the third month, the south gate of Sanji Temple in Bingzhou was destroyed by fire.
236
孝靜天平四年秋，鄴閶闔門東闕火。
In the autumn of the fourth year of Tianping, during the reign of Emperor Xiaojing, the eastern tower-gate of Changge Gate in Ye caught fire.
237
武定三年冬，汾州西河北山有火潛行地下，熱氣上出。
In the winter of the third year of Wuding, on Xihe Mountain north of Fenzhou, fire crept unseen beneath the ground and heat rose into the air.
238
黑眚黑祥
Black Calamities and Black Auspices
239
世祖始光二年正月甲寅夜，天東南有黑氣，廣一丈，長十丈。 占有兵。 二月，慕容渴悉隣反於北平。
In the night of jiayin, first month, second year of Shiguang, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, black vapor appeared in the southeast sky, one zhang wide and ten zhang long. Augury: warfare was indicated. In the second month, Murong Kesilin rose in rebellion at Beiping.
240
顯祖皇興三年正月，河濟起黑雲，廣數里，掩東陽城上，昏暗如夜。 既而東陽城潰。
In the first month of the third year of Huangxing, during the reign of Emperor Xianzu, black clouds spread several li over the Heji region, shrouding Dongyang city in darkness like night. Soon afterward Dongyang city was lost.
241
世宗景明三年九月己卯，黑氣四塞。 甲辰，揚州破蕭衍將張囂之，斬級二千。
On jimao of the ninth month in the third year of Jingming, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, black vapor closed in on every side. On jiachen, Yangzhou routed Liang general Zhang Xizhi and took two thousand heads.
242
高祖太和二年十一月丁未夜，有三白氣從地出，須臾，變為黃赤，光明照地。
In the night of dingwei, eleventh month, second year of Taihe, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, three white vapors rose from the earth and, in a moment, turned yellow-red, their brilliance flooding the ground.
243
十六年九月丁巳，昏時，赤氣見於西北，長二十丈，廣八九尺，食頃乃滅。
In the ninth month of the sixteenth year, at dusk on dingsi, red vapor appeared in the northwest, twenty zhang long and eight or nine chi wide; after the span of a meal it disappeared.
244
世宗延昌元年三月丙申，有赤氣見於天，自卯至戌。
In the third month of the first year of Yanchang, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, on bingshen red vapor appeared in the sky from the mao hour until the xu hour.
245
肅宗正光元年十一月辛未，西北赤氣竟天畔，似火氣。 京師不見，涼州以聞。
In the eleventh month of the first year of Zhengguang, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, on xinwei northwestern red vapor stretched across the horizon like flames. It was not seen at the capital; Liangzhou submitted word of it.
246
三年九月甲辰夜，西北有赤氣似火焰，東西一匹餘。 北鎮反亂之徵。
In the night of jiachen, ninth month of the third year, northwest red vapor like flames stretched east to west for more than one pi. An omen of rebellion and turmoil in the northern garrisons.
247
五年五月癸酉申時，北有赤氣，東西竟天，如火焰。
In the shen hour on guiyou, fifth month of the fifth year, red vapor to the north stretched east and west across the sky like flames.
248
莊帝永安三年十一月己丑，有赤氣如霧，從顯陽殿階西南角斜屬步廊，高一丈許，連地如絳紗幔，自未至戌不滅。 帝見而惡之，終有幽崩之禍。
On jichou of the eleventh month in the third year of Yong'an, during the reign of Emperor Zhuang, red vapor like mist ran from the southwest corner of the steps of Xianyang Hall along the covered corridor, about one zhang high, reaching to the ground like crimson gauze draperies; from the wei hour until the xu hour it did not fade. The emperor saw it and took it ill; in the end he met his death in forced seclusion.
249
孝靜天平三年正月己亥戌時，東方有赤氣，可三丈餘，三食頃而滅。
In the xu hour on jihai, first month of the third year of Tianping, during the reign of Emperor Xiaojing, red vapor appeared in the east, about three zhang; after three meal-times it disappeared.
250
莊帝永安三年六月甲子申時，辰地有青氣，廣四尺，東頭緣山，西北引，至天半止。 西北戌地有黑赤黃雲，如山峯，頭有青氣，廣四尺許，東南引。 至天半，二氣相接。 東南氣前散，西北氣後滅。 亦帝執崩之徵也。
In the shen hour on jiazi, sixth month of the third year of Yong'an, during the reign of Emperor Zhuang, green vapor appeared in the chen quarter, four chi wide; its eastern end followed the mountains and stretched northwest to mid-heaven. In the northwest xu quarter black, red, and yellow clouds rose like mountain peaks; at their summit green vapor about four chi wide extended southeast. At mid-heaven the two vapors met and joined. The southeastern vapor dispersed first; the northwestern vapor faded afterward. Again an omen of the emperor's seizure and violent death.
251
班固說：夜妖者，雲風並起而杳冥，故與常風同象也。 溫而風，則生螟螣之孽。
Ban Gu explained: Nocturnal portents occur when clouds and wind rise together into darkness—hence their omen-image is the same as that of ordinary wind. When warmth accompanies wind, rice borers and caterpillars multiply in plague.
252
世宗正始元年六月乙巳，晦。
In the sixth month of the first year of Zhengshi, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, on yisi the day turned dark.
253
八月甲辰，晝晦。
In the eighth month, on jiachen, daytime was obscured.
254
劉歆說：貌之不恭，是謂不肅。 上嫚下暴，則陰氣勝，水傷百穀，衣食不足，姦宄並作，故其極惡也。 一曰，民多被刑，貌醜惡也。 班固以為六畜謂之禍，言其著也； 及人，謂之痾，痾，病貌，言寢深也。
Liu Xin explained: "Failure in aspect" means failure of solemn reverence. When those above are arrogant and those below brutal, yin force overcomes, water afflicts the crops, food and clothing grow scarce, and treachery and banditry break out together—hence its ultimate form is dire evil. One interpretation holds that the people suffer much punishment and their countenances grow foul and wretched. Ban Gu held that among livestock such signs are called calamity (huo), meaning they appear openly; When it afflicts humans it is called malady (e)—the aspect of sickness, meaning the evil has penetrated deeply.
255
太宗永興三年，民烏蘭喉下生骨，狀如羊角，長一尺餘。
In the third year of Yongxing, during the reign of Emperor Taizong, commoners of Wulan grew bone beneath their throats shaped like sheep horns, more than one chi long.
256
高祖太和十六年五月，尚書李沖奏：「定州中山郡毋極縣民李班虎女獻容以去年九月二十日右手大拇指甲下生毛九莖，至十月二十日長一尺二寸。」
In the fifth month of the sixteenth year of Taihe, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, Minister of the Works Li Chong memorialized: "In Wuji County, Zhongshan Commandery, Dingzhou, the commoner Li Banhu's daughter Xianrong—on the twentieth day of the ninth month of last year nine stalks of hair sprouted beneath the nail of her right thumb; by the twentieth day of the tenth month they had grown one chi and two cun long."
257
肅宗熙平二年十一月己未，并州表送祁縣民韓僧真女令姬從母右脅而生。 靈太后令付掖庭。
In the eleventh month of the second year of Xiping, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, on jiwei Bingzhou reported and sent up the case of Lingji, daughter of Han Sengzhen of Qi County, born from her mother's right flank. Empress Dowager Ling ordered the child sent to the palace women's quarters.
258
高祖延興三年秋，秀容郡婦人一產四男，四產十六男。
In the autumn of the third year of Yanxing, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, a woman of Xiurong Commandery bore four sons at one delivery and sixteen sons in four births.
259
莊帝永安三年十一月丁卯，京師民家妻產男，一頭、二身、四手、四脚、三耳。
On dingmao of the eleventh month in the third year of Yong'an, during the reign of Emperor Zhuang, a commoner's wife in the capital gave birth to a male child with one head, two torsos, four hands, four feet, and three ears.
260
太和十六年十一月乙亥，高祖與沙門道登幸侍中省。 日入六鼓，見一鬼衣黃褶袴，當戶欲入。 帝以為人，叱之而退。 問諸左右，咸言不見，唯帝與道登見之。
On yihai of the eleventh month in the sixteenth year of Taihe, Emperor Gaozu accompanied the monk Daodeng on a visit to the Secretariat of the Palace Attendants. At sunset, when the sixth drum sounded, he saw a specter in yellow pleated trousers blocking the doorway as if to enter. The emperor took it for a man and shouted it away; it withdrew. When he asked those beside him, all said they saw nothing—only the emperor and Daodeng had seen it.
261
顯祖皇興二年十月，豫州疫，民死十四五萬。
In the tenth month of the second year of Huangxing, during the reign of Emperor Xianzu, pestilence struck Yuzhou and one hundred forty to one hundred fifty thousand commoners died.
262
世宗永平三年四月，平陽之禽昌、襄陵二縣大疫，自正月至是月，死者二千七百三十人。
In the fourth month of the third year of Yongping, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, a great pestilence ravaged Qinchang and Xiangling counties in Pingyang; from the first month to that month two thousand seven hundred thirty people died.
263
太和十九年六月，徐州表言丈八銅像汗流於地。
In the sixth month of the nineteenth year of Taihe, Xuzhou reported that an eight-zhang bronze image sweated onto the ground.
264
永安、普泰、永熙中京師平等寺定光金像每流汗，國有事變，時咸畏異之。
During the Yong'an, Putai, and Yongxi reigns at the capital, the golden image of Dipamkara at Pingdeng Temple often sweated; whenever the realm was shaken by crisis, people of the time regarded the prodigy with dread.
265
永安三年二月，京師民家有二銅像，各長尺餘，一頤下生白毫四，一頰傍生黑毛一。
In the second month of the third year of Yong'an, a commoner's household in the capital possessed two bronze images, each more than one chi long—one sprouted four white hairs beneath the chin, the other one black hair beside the cheek.
266
龍蛇之孽
Portents of Dragons and Serpents
267
洪範論曰：龍，鱗蟲也，生於水。 雲亦水之象，陰氣盛，故其象至也，人君下悖人倫，上亂天道，必有篡殺之禍。
According to the Hongfan commentary: The dragon is a scaled creature, born in water. Clouds likewise symbolize water; when yin force grows overpowering, the portent appears—when the sovereign below violates human relations and above disrupts Heaven's Way, usurpation and slaughter must follow.
268
世祖神䴥三年三月，有白龍二見於京師家人井中。
In the third month of the third year of Shenjia, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, two white dragons appeared in commoners' wells in the capital.
269
真君六年二月丙辰，有白龍見於京師家人井中。 龍，神物也，而屈於井中，皆世祖暴崩之徵也。
On bingchen of the second month in the sixth year of Zhenjun, a white dragon appeared in a commoner's well in the capital. The dragon is a divine creature, yet humbled in a well—all omens of Emperor Shizu's sudden death.
270
肅宗正光元年八月，有黑龍如狗，南走至宣陽門，躍而上，穿門樓下而出。 魏衰之徵也。
In the eighth month of the first year of Zhengguang, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, a black dragon like a dog ran south to Xuanyang Gate, leaped upward, passed through beneath the gate tower, and fled. An omen of Wei's decline.
271
莊帝永安二年，晉陽龍見於井中，久不去。 莊帝暴崩晉陽之徵也。
In the second year of Yong'an, during the reign of Emperor Zhuang, a dragon appeared in a well at Jinyang and long refused to depart. An omen of Emperor Zhuang's sudden death at Jinyang.
272
前廢帝普泰元年四月甲寅，有龍跡自宣陽門西出，復入城。 乙卯，羣臣入賀，帝曰：「國將興，聽於民； 將亡，聽於神。 但當君臣上下，克己為治，未足恃此為慶。」
On jiayin of the fourth month in the first year of Putai, during the reign of the Deposed Emperor, dragon tracks emerged west from Xuanyang Gate and re-entered the city. On yimao the ministers entered to offer congratulations; the emperor said: "When the state is about to rise, heed the people; when it is about to perish, heed the spirits. Only let ruler and ministers from high to low restrain themselves in governing—this alone is not enough to rely on as a cause for celebration."
273
洪範論曰：馬者，兵象也，將有寇戎之事，故馬為怪也。
According to the Hongfan commentary: The horse symbolizes armies; when raids and warfare are at hand, the horse turns prodigious.
274
肅宗熙平二年十一月辛未，恒州送馬駒，肉尾長一尺，騣處不生毛。
On xinwei of the eleventh month in the second year of Xiping, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, Hengzhou sent up a colt with a flesh tail one chi long and bare skin where the mane should have been.
275
正光元年九月，沃野鎮官馬為蟲入耳，死者十四五。 蟲似螝，長五寸已下，大如箸。
In the ninth month of the first year of Zhengguang, worms entered the ears of official horses at Woye Garrison and fourteen or fifteen died. The worms resembled centipedes, under five cun long and as thick as chopsticks.
276
洪範論：易曰「坤為牛」，坤，土也，土氣亂則牛為怪，一曰牛禍。 其象，宗廟將滅。 一曰，轉輸煩則牛生禍。
According to the Hongfan commentary: The Changes says "Kun is the ox"; Kun is earth—when earth force is disordered the ox turns prodigious; this is also called bovine calamity. Its omen-image: the ancestral temple is about to perish. One account holds that when transport and corvée labor grow oppressive, cattle give rise to calamity.
277
世宗景明二年五月，冀州上言長樂郡牛生犢，[7]一頭、二面、二口、三目、三耳。
In the fifth month of the second year of Jingming, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, Jizhou memorialized that in Changle Commandery a cow had borne a calf[7] with one head, two faces, two mouths, three eyes, and three ears.
278
洪範論曰：君不明，失政之所致。
According to the Hongfan commentary: When the ruler lacks clear sight, it is brought about by failure in governance.
279
高祖太和二十三年三月，肆州上言陽曲縣羊生羔，一頭，二身，一牝、一牡，三耳，八足。 尋高祖崩，六輔專事。
In the third month of the twenty-third year of Taihe, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, Sizhou memorialized that in Yangqu County a sheep had borne a lamb with one head, two bodies, one female and one male, three ears, and eight feet. Soon afterward Emperor Gaozu died, and the six regents monopolized affairs of state.
280
世宗正始元年七月，鄯善鎮送羊羔，一頭、兩身、八脚。
In the seventh month of the first year of Zhengshi, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, Shanshan Garrison sent up a lamb with one head, two bodies, and eight feet.
281
二年正月，鄯善鎮送八脚羊。
In the first month of the second year, Shanshan Garrison sent up an eight-footed sheep.
282
延昌四年五月，薄骨律鎮上言：羊羔一頭、六足、兩尾。
In the fifth month of the fourth year of Yanchang, Boguli Garrison reported a lamb with one head, six feet, and two tails.
283
京房傳曰：凡妖象其類足多者，所任邪也。 京房易：妖曰豕生人頭豕身者，邑且亂亡。
Jing Fang's Commentary states: In general, when prodigies of a given kind bear extra feet, those who hold office have turned wicked. Jing Fang on the Changes: When a pig bears young with a human head and pig body, the district will soon fall into chaos and perish.
284
高祖延興元年九月，有司奏豫州刺史、臨淮公王讓表，有猪生子，一頭、二身、八足。
In the ninth month of the first year of Yanxing, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, the responsible offices reported a memorial from Wang Rang, Governor of Yuzhou and Duke of Linhuai, stating that a pig had borne young with one head, two bodies, and eight feet.
285
世宗景明四年九月，梁州上言，犬豕交。
In the ninth month of the fourth year of Jingming, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, Liangzhou reported that dogs and pigs had interbred.
286
正始四年八月，京師猪生子，一頭、四耳、兩身、八足。
In the eighth month of the fourth year of Zhengshi, a pig in the capital bore young with one head, four ears, two bodies, and eight feet.
287
延昌四年七月，徐州上言陽平戍猪生子，頭面似人，頂有肉髻，體無毛。 靈太后、幼主傾覆之徵也。
In the seventh month of the fourth year of Yanchang, Xuzhou reported that at Yangping garrison a pig had borne young with a human-like head and face, a flesh tuft on the crown, and a hairless body. An omen of the overthrow of Empress Dowager Ling and the young emperor.
288
洪範論曰：京房傳曰：鷄小畜，猶小臣也。 角者，兵之象，在上，君之威也。 此小臣執事者將秉君之威以生亂，不治之害。
According to the Hongfan commentary, Jing Fang's Commentary states: The chicken is a small domestic animal, like a petty minister. Horns symbolize armies; positioned above, they represent the ruler's authority. Petty officials in office will seize the ruler's authority to breed disorder—the harm that comes of failing to govern.
289
高祖太和元年夏五月，有司奏京師有雌鷄二，頭上生冠如角，與眾鷄異。 是時文明太后臨朝，信用羣小之徵。
In the fifth month of summer in the first year of Taihe, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, the responsible offices reported that two hens in the capital had grown horn-like crests on their heads, unlike other chickens. At that time Empress Dowager Wenming held court—an omen of trusting petty men.
290
世宗正始元年四月，河南有鷄雛，四足四翼。 語在崔光傳。
In the fourth month of the first year of Zhengshi, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, a chick in Henan had four feet and four wings. The account is given in the biography of Cui Guang.
291
八月，司州上言：河內民席眾家鷄雛，近尾上復有一頭，口目具。 二頭皆從頸後各有二翼，二足旁行。 是時世宗頗任羣小，更有朋黨，邪佞干政之驗。
In the eighth month, Sizhou reported that among the chicks of the commoner Xi Zhong's household in Henei, near the tail there was a second head with mouth and eyes fully formed. Both heads, emerging from behind the neck, each bore two wings; it walked sideways on two feet. At that time Emperor Shizong greatly entrusted petty men and cliques formed anew—the verification that wicked flatterers were interfering in government.
292
延昌四年十二月，洛州上言魏興太守常矯家黃雌鷄，頭上肉角大如棗，長寸三分，角上生聚毛，長寸半。
In the twelfth month of the fourth year of Yanchang, Luozhou reported that at the home of Weixing Administrator Chang Jiao, a yellow hen bore a flesh horn on its head as large as a jujube, one cun and three fen long, with clustered hair one cun and a half long growing upon the horn.
293
肅宗正光元年正月，虎賁中郎將蘭兠家鷄雄、雌二，各頭上生兩角，其毛雜色，上聳過冠。 時靈太后臨朝專政。
In the first month of the first year of Zhengguang, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, at the home of Huben Commandant Lan Dou, a rooster and a hen each grew two horns on the head, their mixed-color feathers rising above the crest. At that time Empress Dowager Ling held court and monopolized government.
294
羽蟲之孽
Portents of Feathered Creatures
295
洪範論曰：視不明，聽不聰之罰也。
According to the Hongfan commentary: Failure of sight and failure of hearing are punishments for misrule.
296
太宗泰常三年十一月，京師獲白梟。
In the third year of Taichang, in the eleventh month, during the reign of Emperor Taizong, a white owl was captured in the capital.
297
肅宗正光二年八月己卯，獲禿鶖鳥於殿內。
In the second year of Zhengguang, on jimao of the eighth month, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, a bald ibis was captured inside the palace hall.
298
孝昌二年四月，民有送死鴨雛，一頭、兩身、四足、四翅、兩尾。
In the second year of Xiaochang, in the fourth month, a commoner presented a dead duckling with one head, two bodies, four feet, four wings, and two tails.
299
孝靜天平二年三月，雄雉飛入尚書省，殿中獲之。
In the second year of Tianping, in the third month, during the reign of Emperor Xiaojing, a male pheasant flew into the Department of State Affairs and was captured in the hall.
300
蝗蟲螟
Locusts, Insects, and Crop Borers
301
洪範論曰：刑罰暴虐，取利於下； 貪饕無厭，以興師動眾； 取邑治城，而失眾心，則蟲為害矣。
According to the Hongfan commentary: When punishments grow violent and cruel and profit is wrung from the people below; when greed knows no limit and armies are raised to mobilize the masses; when towns are seized and fortifications built while the hearts of the people are lost—then insects bring disaster.
302
高祖太和五年七月，敦煌鎮蝗，秋稼略盡。
In the fifth year of Taihe, in the seventh month, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, locusts struck Dunhuang Garrison and the autumn crops were nearly destroyed entirely.
303
六年七月，青、雍二州虸蚄害稼。
In the seventh month of the sixth year, Qing and Yong provinces suffered crop damage from zifang pests.
304
八月，徐、東徐、兗、濟、平、豫、光七州，平原、枋頭、廣阿、臨濟四鎮，蝗害稼。
In the eighth month, locusts damaged crops in Xu, East Xu, Yan, Ji, Ping, Yu, and Guang provinces and at the garrisons of Pingyuan, Fangtou, Guang'a, and Linji.
305
七年四月，相、豫二州蝗害稼。
In the fourth month of the seventh year, Xiang and Yu provinces suffered locust damage to crops.
306
八年三月，冀、州、相三州虸蚄害稼。 [8]四月，濟、光、幽、肆、雍、齊、平七州蝗。
In the third month of the eighth year, Ji, Zhou, and Xiang provinces suffered crop damage from zifang pests. [8] In the fourth month, locusts struck Ji, Guang, You, Si, Yong, Qi, and Ping provinces.
307
六月乙巳，相、齊、光、青四州虸蚄害稼。
On yisi of the sixth month, Xiang, Qi, Guang, and Qing provinces suffered crop damage from zifang pests.
308
十六年十月癸巳，枹罕鎮蝗，害稼。
On guisi of the tenth month in the sixteenth year, locusts at Baohan Garrison damaged the crops.
309
四年三月壬午，河州大螟，二麥無遺。
On renwu of the third month in the fourth year, Hezhou suffered a great borer infestation that left neither wheat nor barley.
310
五月，光州虸蚄害稼。 六月，河州大蝗。
In the fifth month, Guangzhou suffered crop damage from zifang pests. In the sixth month, Hezhou suffered a great locust plague.
311
七月，東萊郡虸蚄害稼。
In the seventh month, Donglai Commandery suffered crop damage from zifang pests.
312
正始元年六月，夏、司二州蝗害稼。
In the sixth month of the first year of Zhengshi, Xia and Si provinces suffered locust damage to crops.
313
四年四月，青州步屈蟲害棗花。
In the fourth month of the fourth year, inchworms in Qingzhou damaged jujube blossoms.
314
八月，涇州黃鼠、蝗蟲、班蟲，河州虸蚄、班蟲，涼州、司州恒農郡蝗蟲並為災。
In the eighth month, Jingzhou suffered yellow rats, locusts, and striped insects; Hezhou suffered zifang pests and striped insects; locusts struck Liangzhou and Hengnong Commandery in Sizhou—all at once.
315
永平元年六月己巳，涼州蝗害稼。
On jisi of the sixth month in the first year of Yongping, locusts in Liangzhou damaged the crops.
316
五年五月，[9]青州步屈蟲害棗花。
In the fifth month of the fifth year, [9] inchworms in Qingzhou damaged jujube blossoms.
317
七月，蝗蟲，[10]京師虸蚄。
In the seventh month there were locusts, [10] and zifang pests in the capital.
318
八月，青、齊、光三州虸蚄害稼，三分食二。
In the eighth month, zifang pests damaged crops in Qing, Qi, and Guang provinces, consuming two-thirds of the harvest.
319
顯祖天安元年六月，兗州有黑蟻與赤蟻交鬬，長六十步，廣四寸，赤蟻斷頭而死。 黑主北，赤主南。 十一月，劉彧兗州刺史畢眾敬遣使內屬，詔鎮南大將軍尉元納之，大破賊將周凱等。
In the sixth month of the first year of Tian'an, during the reign of Emperor Xianzu, black ants and red ants battled in Yanzhou along a front sixty paces long and four cun wide; the red ants fell with their heads cut off. Black represented the north; red represented the south. In the eleventh month, Bi Zhongjing, Yanzhou inspector under Liu Yu, sent envoys to submit to Wei; the court ordered Defender-in-Chief of the South Wei Yuan to accept them, and he routed the rebel generals Zhou Kai and others.
320
高祖太和十年七月，并州治中張萬壽表：建興濩澤縣民賈日成以去四月中養蠶，有絲網成幕，中有卷物似絹帶，長四尺，廣三寸，薄上復得黃繭二，狀如履形。
In the seventh month of the tenth year of Taihe, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, Zhang Wanshou, aide of Bingzhou, memorialized that in Huoze County, Jianxing, the commoner Jia Richeng, while raising silkworms the previous fourth month, found a silk web forming a canopy; within it lay a rolled object like a silk sash, four chi long and three cun wide, and on the canopy he also found two yellow cocoons shaped like shoes.
321
世宗正始二年三月，徐州蠶蛾喫人，尫殘者一百一十餘人，死者二十二人。
In the third month of the second year of Zhengshi, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, silkworm moths in Xuzhou attacked people; more than one hundred and ten were maimed and twenty-two died.
322
毛蟲之孽
Portents of Hairy Creatures
323
謂變常而為異也。 [11]
This means departing from the regular order and turning prodigious. See editorial note [11].
324
太祖登國中，河南有虎七，臥於河側，三月乃去。 後一年，蚍蜉、白鹿盡渡河北。 後一年，河水赤如血。 此衞辰滅亡之應。 及誅其族類，悉投之河中，其地遂空。
During the Dengguo period under the Founding Emperor, seven tigers lay beside the river in Henan and did not leave until the third month. One year later, ants and white deer all crossed to the north bank of the river. One year later, the river water turned red as blood. This was the omen of the Wei Chen's destruction. When their clans were executed, all were cast into the river, and the land was left empty.
325
武定五年十二月，北城銅爵臺上獲豹一。
In the twelfth month of the fifth year of Wuding, a leopard was captured on the Bronze Sparrow Terrace in the northern city.
326
高祖太和元年五月辛亥，有狐魅截人髮。 時文明太后臨朝，行多不正之徵也。
On xinhai of the fifth month in the first year of Taihe, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, fox-spirits cut people's hair. At that time Empress Dowager Wenming held court—a sign of many improper acts in governance.
327
肅宗熙平二年，自春，京師有狐魅截人髮，人相驚恐。 六月壬辰，靈太后召諸截髮者，使崇訓衞尉劉騰鞭之於千秋門外，事同太和也。
In the second year of Xiping, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, from spring onward fox-spirits in the capital cut people's hair, and the people were seized with terror. On renchen of the sixth month, Empress Dowager Ling summoned those whose hair had been cut and had Chongxun Commandant of the Guard Liu Teng whip them outside the Gate of a Thousand Autumns—the affair matched that of the Taihe period.
328
瑞圖：外鎮王公、刺史、二千石、令長酷暴百姓，人民怨嗟，則白鼠至。
According to the Auspicious Charts: When princes and dukes stationed in outer garrisons, provincial inspectors, officials of two thousand shi rank, and magistrates grow cruel and violent toward the people and the people groan in resentment, white rats appear.
329
太宗永興三年二月，京師民趙溫家有白鼠，以獻。
In the second month of the second year of Yongxing, during the reign of Emperor Taizong, the capital commoner Zhao Wen's household had a white rat, which was presented to the court.
330
三年春，於北苑獲白鼠一，尋死。 割之，腹中有三子，盡白。
In the spring of the third year, a white rat was captured in the northern park and soon died. When it was cut open, three young were found in its belly, all white.
331
四年三月，上幸西宮，獲白鼠一。
In the third month of the fourth year, the emperor visited the Western Palace and captured a white rat.
332
八月，御府民張安獲白鼠一。
In the eighth month, Zhang An, a commoner of the Imperial Workshop, captured a white rat.
333
神瑞二年五月，帝獵於㯼崙山，獲白鼠一； 平城獲白鼠三。
In the fifth month of the second year of Shenrui, the emperor hunted on Mount Kunlun and captured a white rat; three white rats were captured at Pingcheng.
334
六月，平城獲白鼠二。
In the sixth month, two white rats were captured at Pingcheng.
335
八月，豫章王夔獲白鼠一。
In the eighth month, Prince of Yuzhang Kui captured a white rat.
336
泰常元年十一月，京師民獲白𪕕一以獻。
In the eleventh month of the first year of Taichang, a commoner of the capital captured a white rat and presented it.
337
二年六月，中山獲白鼠二。
In the sixth month of the second year, two white rats were captured at Zhongshan.
338
三年三月，京師獲白鼠一。
In the third month of the third year, a white rat was captured in the capital.
339
十一月，京師獲白鼠一。
In the eleventh month, a white rat was captured in the capital.
340
世祖始光三年八月，相州魏郡獲白鼠。
In the eighth month of the third year of Shiguang, during the reign of Emperor Shizu, a white rat was captured in Wei Commandery, Xiangzhou.
341
太延元年八月，雁門獻白鼠。
In the eighth month of the first year of Taiyan, a white rat was presented from Yanmen.
342
高祖太和二十三年八月，京師獲白鼠。
In the eighth month of the twenty-third year of Taihe, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, a white rat was captured in the capital.
343
世宗景明四年五月，京師獲白鼠。
In the fifth month of the fourth year of Jingming, during the reign of Emperor Shizong, a white rat was captured in the capital.
344
正始元年六月，京師獲白鼠。
In the sixth month of the first year of Zhengshi, a white rat was captured in the capital.
345
肅宗熙平元年四月，肆州表送白鼠。
In the fourth month of the first year of Xiping, during the reign of Emperor Suzong, Sizhou memorialized and sent a white rat.
346
校勘記
Textual Notes
347
恒州刺史穆泰等在州謀反諸本「恒」訛「桓」，今據卷七下高祖紀下太和二十年十二月條及卷二七穆崇附穆泰傳改。
Hengzhou Inspector Mu Tai and others plotted rebellion in the province. All editions miswrite "Huan" for "Heng"; the reading follows the twelfth-month entry of Taihe year 20 in Basic Annals of Gaozu, Part B (juan 7b), and the biography of Mu Tai appended to Mu Chong (juan 27).
348
九月夏州長史曹明謀反按承上文，乃正始三年之九月，據卷八世宗紀，事在四年九月，這裏「九月」上當脫「四年」二字。
Ninth month: Xiazhou Chief Clerk Cao Ming plotted rebellion. Following the preceding text, this should be the ninth month of Zhengshi year 3; according to Basic Annals of Shizong (juan 8), the affair occurred in the ninth month of year 4. The characters "fourth year" are missing before "ninth month."
349
秦州沙門劉光秀謀反諸本「秦」作「泰」。 按卷八世宗紀永平三年二月作「秦州沙門」，上文也說「秦州地震」，「泰」乃「秦」形近而訛，今改正。
Qinzhou monk Liu Guangxiu plotted rebellion. All editions write "Tai" for "Qin." Basic Annals of Shizong (juan 8), second month of Yongping year 3, reads "Qinzhou monk"; the text above also mentions an earthquake in Qinzhou. "Tai" is a graphic error for "Qin"; corrected here.
350
□月丙戌殿本考證云：「本書世宗紀卷八延昌二年有閏月，或以為闕字應為『閏』字。 又下文云『自延昌二年四月地震』，則此闕字應為『四』字也。」 按延昌二年閏月乙酉朔，四月甲申朔，都有丙戌。
□ month, day bingxu. Dian edition textual verification states: "Basic Annals of Shizong (juan 8) records an intercalary month in Yanchang year 2; some hold the lacuna should read "intercalary. The text below also says "from the fourth month of Yanchang year 2 there were earthquakes," so the lacuna should read "four." In Yanchang year 2, the intercalary month began on yiyou and the fourth month on jiashen—both months contain a bingxu day.
351
永寧九層撜折局本「撜」作「塔」。 按「撜」即「拯」，用在這裏無所取義，局本當是以意改。 據洛陽伽藍記卷一永寧寺條，為大風吹折的是剎上寶瓶。
The nine-story tower of Yongning collapsed. The Bureau edition reads "tower" for "zheng." The character zheng means "to save" or "to support"; used here it makes no sense. The Bureau edition likely changed the character by conjecture. According to the Yongning Temple entry in Luoyang qielan ji, juan 1, the great wind broke the jeweled vase atop the finial—not the tower itself.
352
是時為政嚴急御覽卷八七八 〈三八九九頁〉 引後魏書下有「司徒崔浩濫被誅」句。 疑此脫去。 但御覽咎徵部引後魏書不盡據本書，今不補。
At that time government was severe and harsh. Imperial Overview, juan 878 〈pages 3899〉 citing the Later Wei shu, includes the sentence "Minister of Works Cui Hao was wantonly executed." This line may have been omitted here. But Imperial Overview's calamity section citing the Later Wei shu does not always follow this edition; the line is not supplied here.
353
冀州上言長樂郡牛生犢百衲本「生犢」二字空二格，南本無此二字，也不空格，北、汲、殿、局本作「生犢」。 按這裏應闕二字，南本逕接上文，非。 今從北、汲等本。
Jizhou reported that in Changlo Commandery an ox bore a calf. The Baipu edition leaves two blank spaces for "bore calf"; the Nan edition omits both characters and leaves no blank; Bei, Ji, Dian, and Bureau editions read "bore calf." Two characters are missing here; the Nan edition joins directly to the preceding text—incorrect. The reading follows Bei, Ji, and other editions.
354
冀州相三州虸蚄害稼錢氏考異卷三０云：「『冀州』之『州』字誤。」
Ji, Xiang, and three provinces suffered crop damage from zifang pests. Qian's Textual Variants, juan 30, states: "The character zhou in "Jizhou" is erroneous."
355
五年五月按此承上文乃「永平五年」，然是年四月已改年延昌，不當系於五年。
Fifth year, fifth month. Following the preceding text, this should be Yongping year 5; yet the era had already changed to Yanchang in the fourth month of that year, so it should not be dated to year 5.
356
七月蝗蟲殿本考證云：「蝗蟲不載地名，當有脫誤。」
Seventh month: locusts. Dian edition textual verification states: "Locusts are recorded without a place-name—text must be missing or corrupt."
357
謂變常而為異也按此句上當有脫文。
"This means departing from the regular order and turning prodigious." Text must be missing above this sentence.
358
有狼入城至硤石曹獲之諸本「曹」下並注「疑」字。 按此云「入城」，不知入何城。 據下條不舉地名，只稱「北城銅雀臺」，即是鄴城，則此條疑亦指鄴城。 鄴為東魏國都，故以狼入城為異事而記之。 然鄴城中不聞有「峽石」，疑「石曹」連讀，為「石竇」之訛，「峽」字衍。 水經注卷一０濁漳水篇，有「石竇堰」，在鄴城中。 若謂「曹」姓，脫其名，則志舉某人必稱某地某官或某地民，從無只舉姓名之例。 又淮水所經之硤石 〈今安徽壽縣西北〉 ，黃河之峽石 〈見卷一０孝莊紀永安二年七月，在今河南孟津縣西。〉 都是山峽，當然不在城中。
A wolf entered the city as far as Xiashi Cao and was captured. All editions mark "doubtful" below "Cao." The text says "entered the city," but which city is unclear. The entry below names no place but only "Bronze Sparrow Terrace of the northern city"—that is Ye—so this entry likely refers to Ye as well. Ye was the capital of Eastern Wei, so a wolf entering the city was recorded as a prodigy. Yet Ye has no place called "Xiashi"; "Shi Cao" may be read together as a corruption of "Shi Dou," with "Xia" superfluous. Commentary on the Water Classic, juan 10, Zhang River section, records the "Shi Dou weir" within Ye city. If "Cao" were a surname with the personal name omitted, that would violate usage: the Treatise always gives place, office, or "commoner of such-and-such place"—never a bare personal name. Also, Xiashi on the Huai River 〈present-day northwest of Shou County, Anhui〉 , and Xiashi on the Yellow River 〈see Basic Annals of Emperor Xiaozhuang, juan 10, seventh month of Yong'an year 2; present-day west of Mengjin County, Henan.〉 These are all mountain passes and ravines, and naturally lie outside the city walls.