Volume 3 Annals 3: Gaozong

高宗天皇大聖大弘孝皇帝諱治，字為善，太宗第九子也。母曰文德皇后長孫氏。始封晉王，貞觀七年，遙領并州都督。十七年，太子承乾廢，而魏王泰次當立，亦以罪黜，乃立子治為皇太子。太宗嘗命皇太子遊觀習射，太子辭以非所好，願得奉至尊，居膝下。太宗大喜，乃營寢殿側為別院，使太子居之。太宗每視朝，皇太子常侍，觀決庶政。

Emperor Gaozong, posthumously honored as Tian Huang the Great Sage and Great Broadly Filial, bore the taboo name Zhi and the courtesy name Weishan. He was Taizong's ninth son. His mother was Empress Wende of the Changsun clan. He was first enfeoffed as Prince of Jin. In the seventh year of Zhenguan he remotely held the post of protector-general of Bingzhou. In the seventeenth year Crown Prince Chengqian was deposed. Prince of Wei Tai stood next in line to succeed, but he too was dismissed for his crimes, and Taizong thereupon established his son Li Zhi as crown prince. Taizong once ordered the crown prince to tour the grounds and practice archery. The crown prince declined, saying it was not to his liking and that he wished instead to attend the emperor and remain at his side. Taizong was greatly pleased and had a separate residence built beside the imperial bedchamber for the crown prince to live in. Whenever Taizong held court, the crown prince regularly attended and observed the handling of state affairs.

二十三年，太宗有疾，詔皇太子聽政於金液門。四月，從幸翠微宮。太宗崩，以羽檄發六府甲士四千，衛皇太子入于京師。六月甲戌，即皇帝位于柩前。大赦，賜文武官勳一轉，民八十以上粟帛，給復雍州及比歲供軍所一年。癸未，長孫無忌為太尉。癸巳，檢校洛州刺史李勣為開府儀同三司，參掌機密。八月癸酉，河東地震。乙亥，又震。庚辰，遣使存問河東，給復二年，賜壓死者人絹三匹。庚寅，葬文皇帝于昭陵。九月甲寅，荊王元景為司徒，吳王恪為司空。乙卯，李勣為尚書左僕射、同中書門下三品。十一月乙丑，晉州地震。左翊衛郎將高侃伐突厥。是冬，無雪。

In the twenty-third year Taizong fell ill and decreed that the crown prince should attend to governance at the Gate of Golden Liquid. In the fourth month he accompanied Taizong on a visit to Cuiwei Palace. When Taizong died, an urgent dispatch mobilized four thousand armored soldiers from the six guard commands to escort the crown prince into the capital. On the day jiaxu in the sixth month he ascended the throne before Taizong's coffin. He proclaimed a general amnesty, granted civil and military officials one degree of merit, and awarded grain and silk to commoners aged eighty and above. Yongzhou and districts that had supplied armies in recent years were granted one year of tax and corvée exemption. On the day guiwei Zhangsun Wuji was appointed Grand Commandant. On the day guisi Li Ji, acting prefect of Luozhou, was appointed director with ceremonial parity to the third rank and shared in handling confidential state affairs. On the day guiyou in the eighth month an earthquake struck Hedong. On the day yihai it shook again. On the day gengchen he sent envoys to inquire after Hedong, granted two years of tax and corvée exemption, and awarded three bolts of silk for each person crushed to death. On the day gengyin Taizong was buried at Zhaoling. On the day jiayin in the ninth month Yuanjing, Prince of Jing, was appointed Minister of Education and Ke, Prince of Wu, was appointed Minister of Works. On the day yimao Li Ji was appointed left vice director of the Department of State and associate of the secretariat and chancellery of the third rank. On the day yichou in the eleventh month an earthquake struck Jinzhou. Left Wing Guard commandant Gao Kan campaigned against the Turks. That winter there was no snow.

二年正月戊戌，開義倉以賑民。乙巳，黃門侍郎宇文節、中書侍郎柳奭同中書門下三品。乙卯，瑤池都督阿史那賀魯叛。四月乙丑，命有司毋進肉食，訖于五月。七月丁未，賀魯寇庭州，左武衛大將軍梁建方、右驍衛大將軍契苾何力為弓月道行軍總管以伐之。八月己巳，高季輔為侍中；于志寧為尚書左僕射，張行成為右僕射，同中書門下三品。己卯，白水蠻寇邊，左領軍將軍趙孝祖為郎州道行軍總管以伐之。九月癸卯，以同州苦泉牧地賜貧民。十月辛卯，晉州地震。十一月辛酉，有事于南郊。癸酉，禁進犬馬鷹鶻。戊寅，忻州地震。甲申，雨木冰。是月，竇州、義州蠻寇邊，桂州都督劉伯英敗之。趙孝祖及白水蠻戰于羅仵候山，敗之。十二月乙未，太白晝見。壬子，處月朱邪孤注殺招慰使單道惠，叛附于賀魯。是冬，無雪。

In the second year, on the day wuxu in the first month, he opened the charity granaries to relieve the people. On the day yisi Yuwen Jie, secretary of the yellow gate, and Liu Shi, secretary of the secretariat, were appointed associates of the secretariat and chancellery of the third rank. On the day yimao Ashina Helu, protector-general of Yaochi, rebelled. On the day yichou in the fourth month he ordered the responsible offices to stop presenting meat dishes, a prohibition lasting through the fifth month. On the day dingwei in the seventh month Helu raided Tingzhou. Liang Jianfang, grand general of the Left Martial Guard, and Qibi Heli, grand general of the Right Swift Cavalry Guard, were appointed campaign generals of the Gongyue Route to campaign against him. On the day jisi in the eighth month Gao Jifu was appointed palace attendant; Yu Zhining was appointed left vice director of the Department of State, and Zhang Xingcheng was appointed right vice director, both as associates of the secretariat and chancellery of the third rank. On the day jimao the Baishui barbarians raided the frontier. Zhao Xiaozu, general of the Left Army, was appointed campaign general of the Langzhou Route to campaign against them. On the day guimao in the ninth month he granted the Kuchuan pasture lands of Tongzhou to poor commoners. On the day xinmao in the tenth month an earthquake struck Jinzhou. On the day xinyou in the eleventh month he performed the suburban sacrifice at the southern suburbs. On the day guiyou he forbade the presentation of dogs, horses, hawks, and falcons. On the day wuyin an earthquake struck Xinzhou. On the day jiashen sleet fell. That month barbarians of Dou and Yi prefectures raided the frontier, and Liu Boying, protector-general of Guizhou, defeated them. Zhao Xiaozu fought the Baishui barbarians at Mount Luowuhou and defeated them. On the day yiwei in the twelfth month Venus was visible in daytime. On the day renzi Zhuye Guzhu of the Chueyue killed pacification commissioner Shan Daohui and rebelled to join Helu. That winter there was no snow.

五年正月丙寅，以旱詔文武官、朝集使言事。三月戊午，如萬年宮。乙丑，次鳳泉湯。辛未，赦岐州及所過徒罪以下。六月癸亥，柳奭罷。丙寅，河北大水，遣使慮囚。八月己未，詔免麟游、岐陽今歲課役，岐州及供頓縣半歲。九月丁酉，至自萬年宮。十月癸卯，築京師羅郭，起觀于九門。

In the fifth year, on the day bingyin in the first month, because of drought he ordered civil and military officials and assembly envoys to submit memorials on state affairs. On the day wuwu in the third month he went to Wannian Palace. On the day yichou he stopped at Fengquan Hot Springs. On the day xinwei he granted amnesty in Qizhou and along his route for penal servitude and lesser offenses. On the day guihai in the sixth month Liu Shi was dismissed from office. On the day bingyin severe flooding struck Hebei, and he sent envoys to review prisoners. On the day jiwei in the eighth month he decreed exemption from this year's taxes and corvée for Linyou and Qiyang, and half a year's exemption for Qizhou and the counties that served as supply stations. On the day dingyou in the ninth month he returned from Wannian Palace. On the day guimao in the tenth month he built the encircling outer walls of the capital and erected lookout towers at the nine gates.

六年正月壬申，拜昭陵，赦醴泉及行從，免縣今歲租、調，陵所宿衛進爵一級，令、丞加一階。癸酉，以少牢祭陪葬者。甲戌，至自昭陵。庚寅，封子弘為代王，賢潞王。二月乙巳，皇太子加元服，降死罪以下，賜酺三日，五品以上為父後者勳一轉。乙丑，營州都督程名振、左衛中郎將蘇定方伐高麗。五月壬午，及高麗戰于貴端水，敗之。癸未，左屯衛大將軍程知節為葱山道行軍大總管，以伐賀魯。壬辰，韓瑗為侍中，來濟為中書令。七月乙酉，崔敦禮為中書令。是月，中書舍人李義府為中書侍郎，參知政事。九月庚午，貶褚遂良為潭州都督。乙酉，洛水溢。十月，齊州黃河溢。己酉，廢皇后為庶人。乙卯，立宸妃武氏為皇后。丁巳，大赦，賜民八十以上粟帛。十一月己巳，皇后見于太廟。戊子，停諸州貢珠。癸巳，詔禁吏酷法及為隱名書者。是冬，皇后殺王庶人。

In the sixth year, on the day renshen in the first month, he paid homage at Zhaoling, granted amnesty to Liquan and his entourage, and exempted the county from this year's land tax and labor allocation. Garrison guards at the tomb were promoted one noble rank, and the magistrate and assistant were each raised one grade. On the day guiyou he sacrificed to those buried in attendance with the secondary offering of ox and sheep. On the day jiaxu he returned from Zhaoling. On the day gengyin he enfeoffed his son Hong as Prince of Dai and Xian as Prince of Lu. On the day yisi in the second month the crown prince received the capping ceremony. Sentences below capital punishment were commuted, festive drinking was granted for three days, and officials of fifth rank and above who served as successors to their fathers were granted one degree of merit. On the day yichou Cheng Mingzhen, protector-general of Yingzhou, and Su Dingfang, mid-grade general of the Left Guard, campaigned against Goguryeo. On the day renwu in the fifth month they fought Goguryeo at Guiduan River and defeated them. On the day guiwei Cheng Zhijie, grand general of the Left Garrison Guard, was appointed grand campaign general of the Congshan Route to campaign against Helu. On the day renchen Han Yuan was appointed palace attendant and Lai Ji was appointed secretariat director. On the day yiyou in the seventh month Cui Dunli was appointed secretariat director. That month Li Yifu, secretariat drafter, was appointed secretary of the secretariat and joined in governing affairs. On the day gengwu in the ninth month Chu Suiliang was demoted to protector-general of Tanzhou. On the day yiyou the Luo River overflowed. In the tenth month the Yellow River overflowed in Qizhou. On the day jiyou he deposed the empress and reduced her to commoner status. On the day yimao he established Imperial Consort Wu as empress. On the day dingsi he proclaimed a general amnesty and granted grain and silk to commoners aged eighty and above. On the day jisi in the eleventh month the empress was presented at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On the day wuzi he halted the tribute of pearls from all prefectures. On the day guisi he decreed a ban on cruel punishments by officials and on anonymous denunciations. That winter the empress had Lady Wang the commoner killed.

二年閏正月壬寅，如洛陽宮。庚戌，右屯衛將軍蘇定方為伊麗道行軍總管，以伐賀魯。二月癸亥，降洛州囚罪，徒以下原之，免民一歲租、調，賜百歲以上氊衾粟帛。庚午，封子顯為周王。壬申，徙封素節為郇王。三月戊申，禁舅姑拜公主，父母拜王妃。癸丑，李義府兼中書令。五月丙申，幸明德宮。七月丁亥，如洛陽宮。八月丁卯，貶韓瑗為振州刺史，來濟為台州刺史。辛未，衛尉卿許敬宗為侍中。九月庚寅，杜正倫兼中書令。十一月戊戌，如許州。甲辰，遣使慮所過州縣囚。乙巳，獵于滍南。壬子，講武于新鄭，赦鄭州，免一歲租賦，賜八十以上粟帛，其嘗事高祖任佐史者以名聞。十二月乙卯，如洛陽宮。丁巳，蘇定方敗賀魯于金牙山，執之。丁卯，以洛陽宮為東都。

In the second year, on the day renyin in the intercalary first month, he went to Luoyang Palace. On the day gengxu Su Dingfang, general of the Right Garrison Guard, was appointed campaign general of the Yili Route to campaign against Helu. On the day guihai in the second month he reduced sentences for Luozhou prisoners, pardoned penal servitude and lesser offenses, exempted commoners from one year's land tax and labor allocation, and granted felt, quilts, grain, and silk to those aged one hundred and above. On the day gengwu he enfeoffed his son Xian as Prince of Zhou. On the day renshen Su Jie was transferred in rank to Prince of Xun. On the day wushen in the third month he forbade parents-in-law from bowing to princesses and parents from bowing to imperial daughters-in-law. On the day guichou Li Yifu was appointed concurrent secretariat director. On the day bingshen in the fifth month he visited Mingde Palace. On the day dinghai in the seventh month he went to Luoyang Palace. On the day dingmao in the eighth month Han Yuan was demoted to prefect of Zhenzhou and Lai Ji was demoted to prefect of Taizhou. On the day xinwei Xu Jingzong, minister of the Court of Imperial Stud, was appointed palace attendant. On the day gengyin in the ninth month Du Zhenlun was appointed concurrent secretariat director. On the day wuxu in the eleventh month he went to Xuzhou. On the day jiachen he sent envoys to review prisoners in the prefectures and counties along his route. On the day yisi he hunted south of the Zhi River. On the day renzi he conducted a military review at Xinzheng, granted amnesty to Zhengzhou, exempted the populace from one year's land tax and levies, and granted grain and silk to those aged eighty and above. Those who had once served as clerks under Gaozu were to have their names reported to the throne. On the day yimao in the twelfth month he went to Luoyang Palace. On the day dingsi Su Dingfang defeated Helu at Mount Jinya and captured him. On the day dingmao he designated Luoyang Palace as the Eastern Capital.

三年正月戊申，楊冑及龜茲羯獵顛戰于泥師城，敗之。二月甲狾，至自東都。戊寅，慮囚。六月壬子，程名振及高麗戰于赤烽鎮，敗之。十一月乙酉，貶杜正倫為橫州刺史，李義府普州刺史。戊子，許敬宗權檢校中書令。甲午，蘇定方俘賀魯以獻。戊戌，許敬宗為中書令，大理卿辛茂將兼侍中。

In the third year, on the day wushen in the first month, Yang Zhou fought the Kuchan chieftain Jieliedian at Nishi Fort and defeated him. On the day jiayin in the second month he returned from the Eastern Capital. On the day wuyin he reviewed prisoners. On the day renzi in the sixth month Cheng Mingzhen fought Goguryeo at Chifeng Fort and defeated them. On the day yiyou in the eleventh month Du Zhenlun was demoted to prefect of Hengzhou and Li Yifu to prefect of Puzhou. On the day wuzi Xu Jingzong was appointed acting supervisor of the secretariat directorate. On the day jiawu Su Dingfang presented the captured Helu as tribute. On the day wuxu Xu Jingzong was appointed secretariat director, and Xin Maojiang, chief minister of justice, was appointed concurrent palace attendant.

四年三月壬午，崑陵都護阿史那彌射及西突厥真珠葉護戰于雙河，敗之。四月丙辰，于志寧為太子太師、同中書門下三品。乙丑，黃門侍郎許圉師同中書門下三品。戊辰，流長孫無忌于黔州。于志寧罷。五月己卯，許圉師為中書侍郎、同中書門下三品。丙申，兵部尚書任雅相、度支尚書盧承慶參知政事。戊戌，殺涼州都督長史趙持滿。七月己丑，以旱避正殿。壬辰，慮囚。八月壬子，李義府為吏部尚書、同中書門下三品。十月丙午，皇太子加元服，大赦，賜五品以上子孫為父祖後者勳一轉，民酺三日。閏月戊寅，如東都，皇太子監國。辛巳，詔所過供頓免今歲租賦之半，賜民八十以上氊衾粟帛。十一月丙午，許圉師為左散騎常侍、檢校侍中。戊午，辛茂將薨。癸亥，賀魯部悉結闕俟斤都曼寇邊，左驍衛大將軍蘇定方為安撫大使以伐之。盧承慶同中書門下三品。

In the fourth year, on the day renwu in the third month, Ashina Mishe, protector of Kunling, fought the Western Turk yabghu True Pearl at Shuanghe and defeated him. On the day bingchen in the fourth month Yu Zhining was appointed grand preceptor to the crown prince and associate of the secretariat and chancellery of the third rank. On the day yichou Xu Tushi, secretary of the yellow gate, was appointed associate of the secretariat and chancellery of the third rank. On the day wuchen Zhangsun Wuji was exiled to Qianzhou. Yu Zhining was dismissed from office. On the day jimao in the fifth month Xu Tushi was appointed secretary of the secretariat and associate of the secretariat and chancellery of the third rank. On the day bingshen Ren Yaxiang, minister of war, and Lu Chengqing, minister of revenue, joined in governing affairs. On the day wuxu Zhao Chiman, chief secretary to the protector-general of Liangzhou, was executed. On the day jichou in the seventh month, owing to drought, he avoided the main hall. On the day renchen he reviewed prisoners. On the day renzi in the eighth month Li Yifu was appointed minister of personnel and associate of the secretariat and chancellery of the third rank. On the day bingwu in the tenth month the crown prince received the capping ceremony. A general amnesty was proclaimed, descendants of officials fifth rank and above who served as successors to their fathers and grandfathers were granted one degree of merit, and the people were granted three days of festive drinking. On the day wuyin in the intercalary month he went to the Eastern Capital, and the crown prince supervised state affairs. On the day xinsi he decreed that the supply stations along his route would be exempted from half this year's land tax and levies, and granted felt quilts, grain, and silk to commoners aged eighty and above. On the day bingwu in the eleventh month Xu Tushi was appointed left regular companion of the dissemination horse and acting palace attendant. On the day wuwu Xin Maojiang died. On the day guihai Duman, yabghu of the Xijie clan of Helu's tribe, raided the frontier. Su Dingfang, grand general of the Left Swift Cavalry Guard, was appointed pacification commissioner to campaign against him. Lu Chengqing was appointed associate of the secretariat and chancellery of the third rank.

五年正月癸卯，蘇定方俘都曼以獻。甲子，如并州。己巳，次長平，賜父老布帛。二月丙戌，赦并州及所過州縣，義旗初嘗任五品以上葬并州者祭之，加佐命功臣食別封者子孫二階，大將軍府僚佐存者一階，民年八十以上版授刺史、縣令，賜酺三日。甲午，祠舊宅。三月丙午，皇后宴親族鄰里于朝堂，會命婦于內殿。賜從官五品以上、并州長史司馬勳一轉。婦人八十以上版授郡君，賜氊衾粟帛。己酉，講武于城西。辛亥，左武衛大將軍蘇定方為神兵道行軍大總管，新羅王金春秋為嵎夷道行軍總管，率三將軍及新羅兵以伐百濟。四月癸巳，如東都。五月辛丑，作八關宮。戊辰，定襄都督阿史德樞賔為沙磚道行軍總管，以伐契丹。六月庚午朔，日有食之。七月乙巳，廢梁王忠為庶人。丁卯，盧承慶罷。八月庚辰，蘇定方及百濟戰，敗之。壬午，左武衛大將軍鄭仁泰及悉結、拔也固、僕骨、同羅戰，敗之。癸未，赦神兵道大總管以下軍士及其家，賜民酺三日。十一月戊戌，蘇定方俘百濟王以獻。甲寅，如許州。十二月辛未，獵于安樂川。己卯，如東都。壬午，左驍衛大將軍契苾何力為浿江道行軍大總管，蘇定方為遼東道行軍大總管，左驍衛將軍劉伯英為平壤道行軍大總管，以伐高麗。阿史德樞賔及奚、契丹戰，敗之。

In the fifth year, on the day guimao in the first month, Su Dingfang presented the captured Duman as tribute. On the day jiazi he went to Bingzhou. On the day jisi he halted at Changping and granted cloth and silk to the local elders. On the day bingxu in the second month he granted amnesty in Bingzhou and along his route. He sacrificed to those who at the founding of the dynasty had once held fifth rank or above and were buried in Bingzhou. Descendants of founding ministers who had received additional fiefs were granted two grades of merit, surviving staff of the grand general's office one grade, and commoners aged eighty and above were honorarily appointed prefect or magistrate. Festive drinking was granted for three days. On the day jiawu he sacrificed at the old residence. On the day bingwu in the third month the empress feasted kinsmen and neighbors in the court hall and gathered married women of good family in the inner hall. Attending officials fifth rank and above, and the chief secretary and assistant administrator of Bingzhou, were each granted one degree of merit. Women aged eighty and above were honorarily appointed district ladies and granted felt quilts, grain, and silk. On the day jiyou he conducted military exercises west of the city. On the day xinhai Su Dingfang, grand general of the Left Martial Guard, was appointed grand campaign general of the Shenbing Route, and King Geunchogo of Silla was appointed campaign general of the Yuyi Route. They led three generals and Silla troops to campaign against Baekje. On the day guisi in the fourth month he went to the Eastern Capital. On the day xinchou in the fifth month he built the Palaces of the Eight Passes. On the day wuchen Ashide Shu'bin, protector of Dingxiang, was appointed campaign general of the Shazhuan Route to campaign against the Khitan. On the first day gengwu in the sixth month there was a solar eclipse. On the day yisi in the seventh month he deposed Prince of Liang Zhong and reduced him to commoner status. On the day dingmao Lu Chengqing was dismissed from office. On the day gengchen in the eighth month Su Dingfang fought Baekje and defeated them. On the day renwu Zheng Rentai, grand general of the Left Martial Guard, fought the Xijie, Bayegu, Pugu, and Tongluo tribes and defeated them. On the day guiwei he granted amnesty to soldiers of the Shenbing Route grand campaign command and below, together with their families, and granted the people three days of festive drinking. On the day wuxu in the eleventh month Su Dingfang presented the captured king of Baekje as tribute. On the day jiayin he went to Xuzhou. On the day xinwei in the twelfth month he hunted at Anle River. On the day jimao he went to the Eastern Capital. On the day renwu Qibi Heli, grand general of the Left Swift Cavalry Guard, was appointed grand campaign general of the Peijiang Route; Su Dingfang was appointed grand campaign general of the Liaodong Route; and Liu Boying, general of the Left Swift Cavalry Guard, was appointed grand campaign general of the Pyongyang Route to campaign against Goguryeo. Ashide Shu'bin fought the Xi and Khitan and defeated them.

三年正月乙丑，李義府為右相。二月，減百官一月俸，賦雍、同等十五州民錢，以作蓬萊宮。乙亥，殺駙馬都尉韋正矩。庚戌，慮囚。四月戊子，流李義府于巂州。五月壬午，柳州蠻叛，冀州都督長史劉伯英以嶺南兵伐之。六月，吐蕃攻吐谷渾，涼州都督鄭仁泰為青海道行軍大總管以救之。八月癸卯，有彗星出于左攝提。戊申，詔百寮言事。遣按察大使于十道。九月戊午，孫仁師及百濟戰于白江，敗之。十月辛巳，詔皇太子五日一至光順門，監諸司奏事，小事決之。十一月甲戌，雨木冰。十二月庚子，改明年為麟德元年，降京師、雍州諸縣死罪以下。壬寅，安西都護高賢為行軍總管，以伐弓月。

In the third year, on the day yichou in the first month, Li Yifu was appointed right chancellor. In the second month he cut officials' salaries by one month and levied money from the people of Yong, Tong, and thirteen other prefectures to build Penglai Palace. On the day yihai Wei Zhengju, commandant and imperial son-in-law, was executed. On the day gengxu he reviewed prisoners. On the day wuzi in the fourth month Li Yifu was exiled to Xizhou. On the day renwu in the fifth month the barbarians of Liuzhou rebelled. Liu Boying, chief secretary to the protector-general of Jizhou, led Lingnan troops to campaign against them. In the sixth month Tibet attacked Tuyuhun. Zheng Rentai, protector-general of Liangzhou, was appointed grand campaign general of the Qinghai Route to relieve them. On the day guimao in the eighth month a comet appeared at Left Sheti. On the day wushen he decreed that all officials should submit memorials on affairs of state. He dispatched inspection commissioners to the ten circuits. On the day wuwu in the ninth month Sun Renshi fought Baekje at Bai River and defeated them. On the day xinsi in the tenth month he decreed that the crown prince should come once every five days to the Gate of Bright Compliance to oversee memorials from all offices and decide minor matters. On the day jiaxu in the eleventh month there was freezing rain that coated the trees. On the day gengzi in the twelfth month he renamed the coming year the first year of Qide and commuted sentences below capital punishment in the capital and the counties of Yongzhou. On the day renyin Gao Xian, protector-general of Anxi, was appointed campaign general to campaign against Gongyue.

麟德元年二月戊子，如福昌宮。癸卯，如萬年宮。四月壬午，道王元慶薨。五月戊申，許王孝薨。丙寅，以旱避正殿。七月丁未，詔以三年正月有事于泰山。八月己卯，幸舊第，降萬年縣死罪以下。壬午，至自萬年宮。丁亥，司列太常伯劉祥道兼右相，大司憲竇德玄為司元太常伯、檢校左相。十二月丙戌，殺上官儀。戊子，殺庶人忠。劉祥道罷。太子右中護樂彥瑋、西臺侍郎孫處約同知軍國政事。是冬，無雪。

In the first year of Qide, on the day wuzi in the second month, he went to Fuchang Palace. On the day guimao he went to Wannian Palace. On the day renwu in the fourth month Yuanqing, Prince of Dao, died. On the day wushen in the fifth month Xiao, Prince of Xu, died. On the day bingyin, owing to drought, he avoided the main hall. On the day dingwei in the seventh month he decreed that in the first month of the third year he would perform the rites at Mount Tai. On the day jimao in the eighth month he visited his old residence and commuted sentences below capital punishment in Wannian County. On the day renwu he returned from Wannian Palace. On the day dinghai Liu Xiangdao, minister of rites of the court, was appointed concurrent right chancellor, and Dou Dexuan, grand censor, was appointed minister of origin of the rites court and acting left chancellor. On the day bingxu in the twelfth month Shangguan Yi was executed. On the day wuzi the commoner Zhong was executed. Liu Xiangdao was dismissed from office. Yue Yanwei, right middle guardian of the crown prince, and Sun Chuyue, secretary of the western terrace, were jointly appointed to manage military and state affairs. That winter there was no snow.

乾封元年正月戊辰，封于泰山。庚午，禪于社首，以皇后為亞獻。壬申，大赦，改元。賜文武官階、勳、爵。民年八十以上版授下州刺史、司馬、縣令，婦人郡、縣君；七十以上至八十，賜古爵一級。民酺七日，女子百戶牛酒。免所過今年租賦，給復齊州一年半、兗州二年。辛卯，幸曲阜，祠孔子，贈太師。二月己未，如亳州，祠老子，追號太上玄元皇帝，縣人宗姓給復一年。四月甲辰，至自亳州。庚戌，陸敦信罷。六月壬寅，高麗泉男生請內附，右驍衛大將軍契苾何力為遼東安撫大使，率兵援之。左金吾衛將軍龐同善、營州都督高侃為遼東道行軍總管，左武衛將軍薛仁貴、左監門衛將軍李謹行為後援。七月乙丑，徙封旭輪為豫王。庚午，劉仁軌兼右相。八月辛丑，竇德玄薨。丁未，殺始州刺史武惟良、淄州刺史武懷運。九月，龐同善及高麗戰，敗之。十二月己酉，李勣為遼東道行臺大總管，率六總管兵以伐高麗。

In the first year of Qianfeng, on the day wuchen in the first month, he performed the feng rite at Mount Tai. On the day gengwu he performed the shan rite at Sheshou, with the empress serving as secondary offerer. On the day renshen he proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name. He granted grades, merit degrees, and noble ranks to civil and military officials. Commoners aged eighty and above were honorarily appointed lower-grade prefect, assistant administrator, or magistrate, and women were appointed district or county ladies; Those between seventy and eighty were granted one grade of ancient noble rank. The people were granted seven days of festive drinking, and every hundred households of women were granted oxen and wine. He exempted this year's land tax and levies along his route, granted Qizhou one and a half years' tax and corvée exemption, and Yanzhou two years. On the day xinmao he visited Qufu, sacrificed to Confucius, and posthumously granted him the title of grand preceptor. On the day jiwei in the second month he went to Bozhou, sacrificed to Laozi, and posthumously honored him as Emperor Supreme Mysterious Origin. Residents of the county who bore the imperial surname were granted one year of tax and corvée exemption. On the day jiachen in the fourth month he returned from Bozhou. On the day gengxu Lu Dunxin was dismissed from office. On the day renyin in the sixth month Jeon Nam-seon of Goguryeo requested to submit to the empire. Qibi Heli, grand general of the Right Swift Cavalry Guard, was appointed Liaodong pacification commissioner to lead troops to his aid. Pang Tongshan, general of the Left Golden Guard, and Gao Kan, protector-general of Yingzhou, were appointed campaign generals of the Liaodong Route, with Xue Rengui, general of the Left Martial Guard, and Li Jinhang, general of the Left Gate Guard, serving as rear support. On the day yichou in the seventh month he changed Xulun's fief and enfeoffed him as Prince of Yu. On the day gengwu Liu Rengui was appointed concurrent right chancellor. On the day xinchou in the eighth month Dou Dexuan died. On the day dingwei Wu Weiliang, prefect of Shizhou, and Wu Huaiyun, prefect of Zizhou, were executed. In the ninth month Pang Tongshan fought Goguryeo and defeated them. On the day jiyou in the twelfth month Li Ji was appointed grand campaign general of the Liaodong field secretariat and led the forces of six campaign generals against Goguryeo.

二年正月丁丑，以旱避正殿，減膳，慮囚。二月丁酉，涪陵郡王愔薨。辛丑，禁工商乗馬。六月乙卯，西臺侍郎楊武戴至德、東臺侍郎李安期、司列少常伯趙仁本同東西臺三品。東臺舍人張文瓘參知政事。七月己卯，以旱避正殿，減膳，遣使慮囚。八月己丑朔，日有食之。辛亥，李安期罷。九月庚申，以餌藥，皇太子監國。辛未，李勣及高麗戰于新城，敗之。是歲，嶺南洞獠陷瓊州。

In the second year, on the day dingchou in the first month, owing to drought, he avoided the main hall, reduced his meals, and reviewed prisoners. On the day dingyou in the second month Yin, Prince of Fuling, died. On the day xinchou he forbade merchants and artisans from riding horses. On the day yimao in the sixth month Yang Wudaizhide, secretary of the western terrace, Li Anqi, secretary of the eastern terrace, and Zhao Renben, junior minister of the court, were appointed associates of the eastern and western terraces of the third rank. Zhang Wenwan, drafter of the eastern terrace, joined in governing affairs. On the day jimao in the seventh month, owing to drought, he avoided the main hall, reduced his meals, and sent envoys to review prisoners. On the first day jichou in the eighth month there was a solar eclipse. On the day xinhai Li Anqi was dismissed from office. On the day gengshen in the ninth month, while the emperor consumed elixirs, the crown prince supervised state affairs. On the day xinwei Li Ji fought Goguryeo at Xincheng and defeated them. That year the cave tribes of Lingnan captured Qiongzhou.

總章元年正月壬子，劉仁軌為遼東道副大總管兼安撫大使、浿江道行軍總管。二月丁巳，皇太子釋奠于國學。戊寅，如九成宮。壬午，李勣敗高麗，克扶餘、南蘇、木底、蒼巖城。三月庚寅，大赦，改元。四月乙卯，贈顏回太子少師，曾參太子少保。丙辰，有彗星出于五車，避正殿，減膳，撤樂，詔內外官言事。庚申，以太原元從西府功臣為二等：第一功後官無五品者，授其子若孫一人，有至四品五品者加二階，有三品以上加爵三等；第二功後官無五品者，授其子若孫從六品一人，有至五品者加一階，六品者二階，三品以上爵一等。辛巳，楊武薨。八月癸酉，至自九成宮。九月癸巳，李勣敗高麗王高藏，執之。十二月丁巳，俘高藏以獻。丁卯，有事于南郊。甲戌，姜恪檢校左相，司平太常伯閻立本守右相。

In the first year of Zongzhang, on the day renzi in the first month Liu Rengui was appointed deputy grand campaign general of the Liaodong Route, concurrent pacification commissioner, and campaign general of the Peijiang Route. On the day dingsi in the second month the crown prince performed the libation sacrifice at the National University. On the day wuyin he went to Jiucheng Palace. On the day renwu Li Ji defeated Goguryeo and captured Fuyu, Nansu, Mudi, and Cangyan. On the day gengyin in the third month he proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name. On the day yimao in the fourth month Yan Hui was posthumously named Junior Preceptor to the crown prince and Zeng Shen Junior Protector to the crown prince. On the day bingchen a comet appeared at Wuche. He avoided the main hall, reduced his meals, withdrew court music, and ordered officials throughout the court to submit memorials on affairs of state. On the day gengshen the original followers from Taiyuan and meritorious officials of the Western Office were divided into two grades. For first-grade merit, if the deceased held no fifth-rank office, one son or grandson received an appointment; those who had reached fourth or fifth rank received a two-rank promotion; those of third rank or above received three grades of nobility; For second-grade merit, if the deceased held no fifth-rank office, one son or grandson was appointed at the attendant sixth rank. Those who had reached fifth rank received one promotion; those at sixth rank received two; those of third rank or above received one grade of nobility. On the day xinsi Yang Wu died. On the day guiyou in the eighth month he returned from Jiucheng Palace. On the day guisi in the ninth month Li Ji defeated Goguryeo King Gao Zang and captured him. On the day dingsi in the twelfth month the captive Gao Zang was presented. On the day dingmao he performed the suburban sacrifice at the southern suburbs. On the day jiaxu Jiang Ke was appointed acting left chancellor, and Yan Liben, minister of equilibrium of the rites court, served as right chancellor.

咸亨元年正月丁丑，劉仁軌罷。二月戊申，慮囚。丁巳，東南有聲若雷。三月甲戌，大赦，改元。壬辰，許敬宗罷。四月癸卯，吐蕃陷龜茲撥換城。廢安西四鎮。己酉，李敬玄罷。辛亥，右威衛大將軍薛仁貴為邏娑道行軍大總管，以伐吐蕃。庚午，如九成宮。雍州大雨雹。高麗酋長鉗牟岑叛，寇邊，左監門衛大將軍高侃為東州道行軍總管，右領軍衛大將軍李謹行為燕山道行軍總管，以伐之。六月壬寅朔，日有食之。七月甲戌，以雍、華、蒲、同四州旱，遣使慮囚，減中御諸廄馬。戊子，李敬玄起復。薛仁貴及吐蕃戰于大非川，敗績。八月庚戌，以穀貴禁酒。丁巳，至自九成宮。甲子，趙王福薨。丙寅，以旱避正殿，減膳。九月丁丑，給復雍、華、同、岐、邠、隴六州一年。閏月癸卯，皇后以旱請避位。甲寅，姜恪為涼州道行軍大總管，以伐吐蕃。十月庚辰，詔文武官言事。乙未，趙仁本罷。十二月庚寅，復官名。是歲，大饑。

In the first year of Xianheng, on the day dingchou in the first month Liu Rengui was dismissed from office. On the day wushen in the second month he reviewed prisoners. On the day dingsi a sound like thunder was heard in the southeast. On the day jiaxu in the third month he proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name. On the day renchen Xu Jingzong was dismissed from office. On the day guimao in the fourth month Tibet captured the Bozhuan fortress of Kucha. The four garrisons of Anxi were abolished. On the day jiyou Li Jingxuan was dismissed from office. On the day xinhai Xue Rengui, grand general of the Right Bright Guard, was appointed grand campaign general of the Luosuo Route to campaign against Tibet. On the day gengwu he went to Jiucheng Palace. Yongzhou had heavy rain and hail. Goguryeo chieftain Qian Mucen rebelled and raided the frontier. Gao Kan, grand general of the Left Gate Guard, was appointed campaign general of the Dongzhou Route, and Li Jinhang, grand general of the Right Army Guard, was appointed campaign general of the Yanshan Route to campaign against him. On the first day renyin in the sixth month there was a solar eclipse. On the day jiaxu in the seventh month, owing to drought in Yong, Hua, Pu, and Tong prefectures, he sent envoys to review prisoners and reduced the horses of the imperial stables. On the day wuzi Li Jingxuan resumed office after mourning. Xue Rengui fought Tibet at Dafeichuan and suffered defeat. On the day gengxu in the eighth month, because grain was costly, he prohibited the making of wine. On the day dingsi he returned from Jiucheng Palace. On the day jiazi Fu, Prince of Zhao, died. On the day bingyin, owing to drought, he avoided the main hall and reduced his meals. On the day dingchou in the ninth month he granted one year of tax and corvée exemption to the six prefectures of Yong, Hua, Tong, Qi, Bin, and Long. On the day guimao in the intercalary month the empress, owing to drought, requested to step down from her position. On the day jiayin Jiang Ke was appointed grand campaign general of the Liangzhou Route to campaign against Tibet. On the day gengchen in the tenth month he ordered civil and military officials to submit memorials on affairs of state. On the day weiwei Zhao Renben was dismissed from office. On the day gengyin in the twelfth month official titles were restored. That year there was a great famine.

二年正月乙巳，如東都，皇太子監國。二月辛未，遣使存問諸州。四月戊子，大風，雨雹。六月癸巳，以旱慮囚。九月，地震。丙申，徐王元禮薨。十月丙子，求明禮樂之士。十一月甲午朔，日有食之。庚戌，如許州，遣使存問所過疾老鰥寡，慮囚。十二月癸酉，獵于昆陽。丙戌，如東都。是歲，姜恪為侍中，閻立本為中書令。

In the second year, on the day yisi in the first month he went to the Eastern Capital, and the crown prince supervised state affairs. On the day xinwei in the second month he sent envoys to inquire after the various prefectures. On the day wuzi in the fourth month there were great winds and hail. On the day guisi in the sixth month, owing to drought, he reviewed prisoners. In the ninth month there was an earthquake. On the day bingshen Yuanli, Prince of Xu, died. On the day bingzi in the tenth month scholars versed in rites and music were sought. On the first day jiawu in the eleventh month there was a solar eclipse. On the day gengxu he went to Xuzhou, sent envoys to inquire after the sick, elderly, widowed, and orphaned along his route, and reviewed prisoners. On the day guiyou in the twelfth month he hunted at Kunyang. On the day bingxu he went to the Eastern Capital. That year Jiang Ke was appointed palace attendant and Yan Liben was appointed secretariat director.

四年正月丙辰，鄭王元懿薨。四月丙子，如九成宮。閏五月丁卯，禁作簺捕魚、營圈取獸者。八月辛丑，以不豫詔皇太子聽諸司啟事。己酉，大風落太廟鴟尾。十月壬午，閻立本薨。乙未，以皇太子納妃，赦岐州，賜酺三日。乙巳，至自九成宮。

In the fourth year, on the day bingchen in the first month Yuanyi, Prince of Zheng, died. On the day bingzi in the fourth month he went to Jiucheng Palace. On the day dingmao in the intercalary fifth month he prohibited dam fishing and building enclosures to capture game. On the day xinchou in the eighth month, owing to illness, he ordered the crown prince to hear reports from all offices. On the day jiyou great winds knocked down the owl-tail ornaments of the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On the day renwu in the tenth month Yan Liben died. On the day weiwei, because the crown prince took a consort, Qizhou was granted amnesty and the people were granted three days of festive drinking. On the day yisi he returned from Jiucheng Palace.

上元元年二月壬午，劉仁軌為雞林道行軍大總管，以伐新羅。三月辛亥朔，日有食之。己巳，皇后親蠶。八月壬辰，皇帝稱天皇，皇后稱天后。追尊六代祖宣簡公為宣皇帝，妣張氏曰宣莊皇后；五代祖懿王為光皇帝，妣賈氏曰光懿皇后。增高祖、太宗及后謚。大赦，改元，賜酺三日。十一月丙午，如東都。己酉，獵于華山曲武原。十二月癸未，蔣王惲自殺。

In the first year of Shangyuan, on the day renwu in the second month Liu Rengui was appointed grand campaign general of the Jilin Route to campaign against Silla. On the first day xinhai in the third month there was a solar eclipse. On the day jisi the empress personally tended silkworms. On the day renchen in the eighth month the emperor styled himself Heavenly Sovereign and the empress styled herself Heavenly Empress. The sixth-generation ancestor Duke Xuanjian was posthumously honored as Emperor Xuan, and his mother Lady Zhang of the Zhang clan was styled Empress Xuanzhuang; the fifth-generation ancestor King Yi was posthumously honored as Emperor Guang, and his mother Lady Jia of the Jia clan was styled Empress Guangyi. The posthumous titles of Gaozu, Taizong, and the empresses were elevated. He proclaimed a general amnesty, changed the era name, and granted three days of festive drinking. On the day bingwu in the eleventh month he went to the Eastern Capital. On the day jiyou he hunted at Quwuyuan on Mount Hua. On the day guiwei in the twelfth month Yun, Prince of Jiang, committed suicide.

二年正月己未，給復雍、同、華、岐、隴五州一年。辛未，吐蕃請和。二月，劉仁軌及新羅戰于七重城，敗之。三月丁巳，天后親蠶。四月辛巳，天后殺周王顯妃趙氏。丙戌，以旱避正殿，減膳，撤樂，詔百官言事。己亥，天后殺皇太子。五月戊申，追號皇太子為孝敬皇帝。六月戊寅，立雍王賢為皇太子，大赦。七月辛亥，杞王上金免官，削封邑。八月庚寅，葬孝敬皇帝于恭陵。丁酉，詔婦人為宮官者歲一見其親。庚子，張文瓘為侍中，郝處俊為中書令，劉仁軌為尚書左僕射，戴至德為右僕射。十月庚辰，雍州雨雹。壬午，有彗星出于角、亢。

In the second year, on the day jiwei in the first month he granted one year of tax and corvée exemption to the five prefectures of Yong, Tong, Hua, Qi, and Long. On the day xinwei Tibet requested peace. In the second month Liu Rengui fought Silla at Qizhong Fort and defeated them. On the day dingsi in the third month the Heavenly Empress personally tended silkworms. On the day xinsi in the fourth month the Heavenly Empress killed Lady Zhao, consort of Xian, Prince of Zhou. On the day bingxu, owing to drought, he avoided the main hall, reduced his meals, withdrew court music, and ordered all officials to submit memorials on affairs of state. On the day jihai the Heavenly Empress killed the crown prince. On the day wushen in the fifth month the crown prince was posthumously titled Emperor Xiaojing. On the day wuyin in the sixth month Xian, Prince of Yong, was established as crown prince, and a general amnesty was proclaimed. On the day xinhai in the seventh month Shangjin, Prince of Qi, was removed from office and his fief was reduced. On the day gengyin in the eighth month Emperor Xiaojing was buried at Gongling. On the day dingyou he decreed that palace women serving as palace officials should see their parents once each year. On the day gengzi Zhang Wenwan was appointed palace attendant, Hao Chujun was appointed secretariat director, Liu Rengui was appointed left vice director of the Department of State, and Dai Zhide was appointed right vice director. On the day gengchen in the tenth month Yongzhou had hail. On the day renwu a comet appeared at Jiao and Kang.

儀鳳元年正月壬戌，徙封輪為相王。丁卯，納州獠寇邊。二月丁亥，如汝州溫湯，遣使慮免汝州輕繫。三月癸卯，黃門侍郎來恒、中書侍郎薛元超同中書門下三品。甲辰，如東都，免汝州今歲半租，賜民八十以上帛。閏月己巳，吐蕃寇鄯、廓、河、芳四州，左監門衛中郎將令狐智通伐之。乙酉，周王顯為洮河道行軍元帥，領左衛大將軍劉審禮等十二總管，相王輪為涼州道行軍元帥，領契苾何力等軍，以伐吐蕃。四月戊甲，至自東都。甲寅，中書侍郎李義琰同中書門下三品。戊午，如九成宮。六月癸亥，黃門侍郎高智周同中書門下三品。七月丁亥，有彗星出于東井。乙未，吐蕃寇疊州。八月庚子，避正殿，減膳，撤樂，損食粟馬，慮囚，詔文武官言事。甲子，停南北中尚、梨園、作坊，減少府雜匠。是月，青州海溢。十月乙未，至自九成宮。丙午，降封郇王素節鄱陽郡王。十一月壬申，大赦，改元。庚寅，李敬玄為中書令。十二月戊午，來恒、薛元超為河南、河北道大使。

In the first year of Yifeng, on the day renxu in the first month Lun was transferred to the title of Prince of Xiang. On the day dingmao the Liao of Nazhou raided the frontier. On the day dinghai in the second month he went to the hot springs at Ruzhou and sent envoys to review and pardon minor prisoners there. On the day guimao in the third month Lai Heng, secretary of the yellow gate, and Xue Yuanchao, secretary of the secretariat, were appointed associates of the secretariat and chancellery of the third rank. On the day jiachen he went to the Eastern Capital, exempted Ruzhou from half this year's land tax, and granted silk to commoners aged eighty and above. On the day jisi in the intercalary month Tibet raided Shan, Kuo, He, and Fang prefectures. Linghu Zhitong, central commandant of the Left Gate Guard, campaigned against them. On the day yiyou Xian, Prince of Zhou, was appointed marshaling commander of the Taohe Route, leading twelve campaign generals including Liu Shenli, grand general of the Left Guard; Lun, Prince of Xiang, was appointed marshaling commander of the Liangzhou Route, leading the forces of Qibi Heli and others, to campaign against Tibet. On the day wushen in the fourth month he returned from the Eastern Capital. On the day jiayin Li Yiyan, secretary of the secretariat, was appointed associate of the secretariat and chancellery of the third rank. On the day wuwu he went to Jiucheng Palace. On the day guihai in the sixth month Gao Zhizhou, secretary of the yellow gate, was appointed associate of the secretariat and chancellery of the third rank. On the day dinghai in the seventh month a comet appeared at Dongjing. On the day yiwei Tibet raided Die Prefecture. On the day gengzi in the eighth month he avoided the main hall, reduced his meals, withdrew court music, cut grain rations for horses, reviewed prisoners, and ordered civil and military officials to submit memorials on affairs of state. On the day jiazi he suspended the Southern and Northern Central Workshops, the Pear Garden, and the craft shops, and reduced the assorted artisans of the Palace Workshop. That month the sea overflowed at Qing Prefecture. On the day yiwei in the tenth month he returned from Jiucheng Palace. On the day bingwu Su Jie, Prince of Xun, was demoted to Prince of Poyang Commandery. On the day renshen in the eleventh month he proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name. On the day gengyin Li Jingxuan was appointed secretariat director. On the day wuwu in the twelfth month Lai Heng and Xue Yuanchao were appointed commissioners of the Henan and Hebei routes.

二年正月乙亥，耕藉田。庚辰，京師地震。四月，太子左庶子張大安同中書門下三品。五月，吐蕃寇扶州。八月辛亥，劉仁軌為洮河軍鎮守使。十月壬辰，徙封顯為英王，更名哲。十二月乙卯，募關內、河東猛士，以伐吐蕃。是歲，西突厥及吐蕃寇安西。冬，無雪。

In the second year, on the day yihai in the first month he plowed the sacred field. On the day gengchen the capital was struck by an earthquake. In the fourth month Zhang Da'an, left subordinate of the heir apparent, was appointed associate of the secretariat and chancellery of the third rank. In the fifth month Tibet raided Fu Prefecture. On the day xinhai in the eighth month Liu Rengui was appointed garrison commander of the Taohe Army. On the day renchen in the tenth month Xian was transferred to the title of Prince of Ying and renamed Zhe. On the day yimao in the twelfth month he recruited fierce warriors in Guannei and Hedong to campaign against Tibet. That year the Western Turks and Tibet raided Anxi. That winter there was no snow.

三年正月丙子，李敬玄為洮河道行軍大總管，以伐吐蕃。癸未，遣使募河南、河北猛士，以伐吐蕃。四月丁亥，以旱避正殿，慮囚。戊申，大赦，改明年為通乾元年。癸丑，涇州民生子異體連心。五月壬戌，如九成宮。大雨霖。九月辛酉，至自九成宮。癸亥，張文瓘薨。丙寅，李敬玄、劉審禮及吐蕃戰于青海，敗績，審禮死之。十月丙申，停劍南、隴右歲貢。丙午，密王元曉薨。閏十一月丙申，雨木冰。壬子，來恒薨。十二月癸丑，罷通乾號。

In the third year, on the day bingzi in the first month Li Jingxuan was appointed grand campaign general of the Taohe Route to campaign against Tibet. On the day guiwei he sent envoys to recruit fierce warriors in Henan and Hebei to campaign against Tibet. On the day dinghai in the fourth month, owing to drought, he avoided the main hall and reviewed prisoners. On the day wushen he proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the next year to the first year of Tongqian. On the day guichou a commoner of Jing Prefecture gave birth to conjoined twins sharing one body. On the day renxu in the fifth month he went to Jiucheng Palace. Heavy rains fell in torrents. On the day xinyou in the ninth month he returned from Jiucheng Palace. On the day guihai Zhang Wenwan died. On the day bingyin Li Jingxuan and Liu Shenli fought Tibet at Qinghai and suffered defeat; Liu Shenli was killed. On the day bingshen in the tenth month he suspended the annual tribute from Jiannan and Longyou. On the day bingwu Yuanxiao, Prince of Mi, died. On the day bingshen in the intercalary eleventh month rain froze on the trees. On the day renzi Lai Heng died. On the day guichou in the twelfth month he abolished the era name Tongqian.

調露元年正月戊子，如東都。庚戌，戴至德薨。四月辛酉，郝處俊為侍中。五月丙戌，皇太子監國。戊戌，作紫桂宮。六月辛亥，大赦，改元。吏部侍郎裴行儉伐西突厥。九月壬午，行儉敗西突厥，執其可汗都支。十月，突厥溫傅、奉職二部寇邊，單于大都護府長史蕭嗣業伐之。十一月戊寅，高智周罷。甲辰，禮部尚書裴行儉為定襄道行軍大總管，以伐突厥。

In the first year of Tiaolu, on the day wuzi in the first month he went to the Eastern Capital. On the day gengxu Dai Zhide died. On the day xinyou in the fourth month Hao Chujun was appointed palace attendant. On the day bingxu in the fifth month the crown prince oversaw the state. On the day wuxu he built Zigui Palace. On the day xinhai in the sixth month he proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name. Pei Xingjian, vice director of the Ministry of Personnel, campaigned against the Western Turks. On the day renwu in the ninth month Pei Xingjian defeated the Western Turks and captured their khan Duzhi. In the tenth month the two Turkic divisions of Wenfu and Fengzhi raided the frontier. Xiao Siye, chief administrator of the Chanyu Protectorate General, campaigned against them. On the day wuyin in the eleventh month Gao Zhizhou was dismissed from office. On the day jiachen Pei Xingjian, minister of rites, was appointed grand campaign general of the Dingxiang Route to campaign against the Turks.

開耀元年正月乙亥，突厥寇原、慶二州。辛巳，賜京官九品以上酺三日。癸巳，裴行儉為定襄道行軍大總管，以伐突厥。己亥，減殿中、太僕馬，省諸方貢獻，免雍、岐、華、同四州二歲稅，河南、河北一年調。二月丙午，皇太子釋奠于國學。三月辛卯，郝處俊罷。五月乙酉，常州人劉龍子謀反，伏誅。丙戌，定襄道副總管曹懷舜及突厥戰于橫水，敗績。己丑，黑齒常之及吐蕃戰于良非川，敗之。六月壬子，永嘉郡王晫有罪，伏誅。七月己丑，以太平公主下嫁，赦京師。甲午，劉仁軌罷左僕射。閏月丁未，裴炎為侍中，崔知溫、薛元超守中書令。庚戌，以餌藥，皇太子監國。庚申，裴行儉及突厥戰，敗之。八月丁卯，以河南、河北大水，遣使賑乏絕，室廬壞者給復一年，溺死者贈物，人三段。九月丙申，有彗星出于天市。壬戌，裴行儉俘突厥溫傅可汗、阿史那伏念以獻。乙丑，改元，赦定襄軍及諸道緣征官吏兵募。十月丙寅朔，日有食之。十一月癸卯，徙庶人賢于巴州。

In the first year of Kaiyao, on the day yihai in the first month the Turks raided Yuan and Qing prefectures. On the day xinsi he granted three days of revelry to capital officials of the ninth rank and above. On the day guisi Pei Xingjian was appointed grand campaign general of the Dingxiang Route to campaign against the Turks. On the day jihai he reduced the horses of the palace administration and the imperial stud, curtailed tribute from the various regions, exempted Yong, Qi, Hua, and Tong prefectures from two years of land tax, and exempted Henan and Hebei from one year of corvée levy. On the day bingwu in the second month the crown prince performed the libation sacrifice at the National University. On the day xinmao in the third month Hao Chujun was dismissed from office. On the day yiyou in the fifth month Liu Longzi of Chang Prefecture plotted rebellion and was executed. On the day bingxu Cao Huaishun, deputy campaign general of the Dingxiang Route, fought the Turks at Hengshui and suffered defeat. On the day jichou Heichi Changzhi fought Tibet at Liangfeichuan and defeated them. On the day renzi in the sixth month Zhuo, Prince of Yongjia Commandery, was found guilty of a crime and executed. On the day jichou in the seventh month, because Princess Taiping was given in marriage, he granted amnesty in the capital. On the day jiawu Liu Rengui was removed from office as left vice director. On the day dingwei in the intercalary month Pei Yan was appointed palace attendant, and Cui Zhiwen and Xue Yuanchao were appointed acting secretariat directors. On the day gengxu, because he was taking elixir medicine, the crown prince oversaw the state. On the day gengshen Pei Xingjian fought the Turks and defeated them. On the day dingmao in the eighth month, because of great floods in Henan and Hebei, he sent envoys to relieve destitution, granted one year of tax exemption to those whose dwellings were destroyed, and granted three lengths of burial goods to each person who drowned. On the day bingshen in the ninth month a comet appeared at Tianshi. On the day renxu Pei Xingjian captured the Turkic khan Wenfu and Ashina Funian and presented them as captives. On the day yichou he changed the era name and granted amnesty to the Dingxiang Army and to the officials, soldiers, and recruits attached to the various campaign routes. On the first day bingyin in the tenth month there was a solar eclipse. On the day guimao in the eleventh month the deposed commoner Xian was transferred to Ba Prefecture.

弘道元年正月甲午，幸奉天宮。二月庚午，突厥寇定州，刺史霍王元軌敗之。三月庚寅，突厥寇單于都護府，司馬張行師死之。庚子，李義琰罷。丙午，有彗星出于五車。癸丑，崔知溫薨。四月己未，如東都。壬申，郭待舉、郭正一同中書門下平章事。甲申，綏州部落稽白鐵余寇邊，右武衛將軍程務挺敗之。五月乙巳，突厥寇蔚州，刺史李思儉死之。七月甲辰，徙封輪為豫王，改名旦。薛元超罷。八月乙丑，皇太子朝于東都，皇太孫留守京師。丁卯，滹沱溢。己巳，河溢，壞河陽城。九月己丑，以太平公主子生，赦東都。十月癸亥，幸奉天宮。十一月戊戌，右武衛將軍程務挺為單于道安撫大使，以伐突厥。辛丑，皇太子監國。丁未，如東都。戊申，裴炎、劉齊賢、郭正一兼於東宮平章事。十二月丁巳，改元，大赦。是夕，皇帝崩于貞觀殿，年五十六。謚曰天皇大帝。天寶八載，改謚天皇大聖皇帝；十三載，增謚天皇大聖大弘孝皇帝。

In the first year of Hongdao, on the day jiawu in the first month he visited Fengtian Palace. On the day gengwu in the second month the Turks raided Ding Prefecture; Yuangui, Prince of Huo and prefect of Ding, defeated them. On the day gengyin in the third month the Turks raided the Chanyu Protectorate General; Zhang Xingshi, military administrator, was killed. On the day gengzi Li Yiyan was dismissed from office. On the day bingwu a comet appeared at Wuche. On the day guichou Cui Zhiwen died. On the day jiwei in the fourth month he went to the Eastern Capital. On the day renshen Guo Daiju and Guo Zhengyi were appointed chief ministers of the secretariat and chancellery. On the day jiashen the tribal leader Ji Baitieyu of Sui Prefecture raided the frontier. Cheng Wuting, general of the Right Martial Guard, defeated them. On the day yisi in the fifth month the Turks raided Wei Prefecture; Li Sijian, the prefect, was killed. On the day jiachen in the seventh month Lun was transferred to the title of Prince of Yu and renamed Dan. Xue Yuanchao was dismissed from office. On the day yichou in the eighth month the crown prince attended court at the Eastern Capital, and the imperial grand heir remained to guard the capital. On the day dingmao the Hutuo River overflowed. On the day jisi the Yellow River overflowed and destroyed Heyang City. On the day jichou in the ninth month, because Princess Taiping's son was born, he granted amnesty in the Eastern Capital. On the day guihai in the tenth month he visited Fengtian Palace. On the day wuxu in the eleventh month Cheng Wuting, general of the Right Martial Guard, was appointed pacification commissioner of the Chanyu Route to campaign against the Turks. On the day xinchou the crown prince oversaw the state. On the day dingwei he went to the Eastern Capital. On the day wushen Pei Yan, Liu Qixian, and Guo Zhengyi were appointed concurrent chief ministers in the Eastern Palace. On the day dingsi in the twelfth month he changed the era name and proclaimed a general amnesty. That evening the emperor died at Zhenguan Hall at the age of fifty-six. He was posthumously titled Heavenly Sovereign Grand Emperor. In the eighth year of Tianbao his posthumous title was changed to Heavenly Sovereign Grand Sage Emperor; In the thirteenth year his title was augmented to Heavenly Sovereign Grand Sage Grand Expansive Filial Emperor.

贊曰：小雅曰：「赫赫宗周，褒姒棕之。」此周幽王之詩也。是時，幽王雖亡，而太子宜臼立，是為平王。而詩人乃言棕之者，以為文、武之業於是蕩盡，東周雖在，不能復興矣。其曰棕者，甚疾之之辭也。武氏之亂，唐之宗室戕殺殆盡，其賢士大夫不免者十八九。以太宗之治，其遺德餘烈在人者未遠，而幾於遂絕，其為惡豈一褒姒之比邪？以太宗之明，昧於知子，廢立之際，不能自決，卒用昏童。高宗溺愛衽席，不戒履霜之漸，而毒流天下，貽禍邦家。嗚呼，父子夫婦之間，可謂難哉！可不慎哉？

The commentary says: Xiao Ya says, "Glorious was the Zhou of Zong, Bao Si ruined it." This is a poem about King You of Zhou. At that time, although King You perished, the crown prince Yijiu was enthroned as King Ping. Yet the poet speaks of ruin because he thought the achievements of King Wen and King Wu were thereby swept away; although Eastern Zhou remained, it could no longer be revived. When it says "ruin," it is language expressing extreme condemnation. In the disorder of the Wu clan the Tang imperial clan was nearly exterminated, and eight or nine in ten of the worthy scholar-officials did not escape. Given Taizong's governance, his lingering virtue and remaining influence among the people were not yet distant, yet they nearly came to an end; was the evil not far greater than a single Bao Si could compare to? For all Taizong's clarity, he failed to know his sons; when the time came to depose one heir and install another, he could not decide for himself, and in the end set up a dull-witted boy. Gaozong drowned himself in the bedchamber, took no warning from the first trace of frost, and poison spread through the realm, bringing calamity upon the state and the imperial house. Alas—between father and son, husband and wife, how difficult it is! How can one fail to be cautious?

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