Volume 10 Annals 10: Emperor Zhao, Emperor Ai

昭宗聖穆景文孝皇帝諱曄，懿宗第七子也。母曰恭憲皇太后王氏。始封壽王。乾符三年，領幽州盧龍軍節度使。僖宗遇亂再出奔，壽王握兵侍左右，尤見倚信。

Emperor Zhaozong, posthumously honored as the Sagely Solemn and Civil Filial, bore the taboo name Ye and was the seventh son of Yizong. His mother was Empress Dowager Gongxian, née Wang. He was first made Prince of Shou. In the third year of Qianfu he served as Youzhou Lulong military commissioner. When Xizong fled the capital twice amid turmoil, the Prince of Shou commanded troops at his side and won exceptional trust.

文德元年

Wende, year 1.

文德元年三月，僖宗疾大漸，群臣以吉王長，且欲立之。觀軍容使楊復恭率兵迎壽王，立為皇太弟，改名敏。乙巳，即皇帝位於柩前。四月戊辰，孫儒陷揚州，自稱淮南節度使，楊行密奔於廬州。庚午，追尊母為皇太后。韋昭度為中書令，孔緯為司空。乙亥，張全義陷孟州，李罕之奔於河東。成汭陷江陵，自稱留後。辛卯，朱全忠及秦宗權戰于蔡州，敗之。五月壬寅，趙德諲以襄州降，以德諲為忠義軍節度使、蔡州四面行營副都統。六月，閬州防禦使王建陷漢州，執刺史張頊，遂寇成都。韋昭度罷為劍南西川節度副大使，兼兩川招撫制置使。十月，陳敬瑄反。辛卯，葬惠聖恭定孝皇帝于靖陵。十一月丙申，秦宗權陷許州，執忠武軍節度使王縕。辛酉，奉國軍將申叢執秦宗權。十二月丁亥，韋昭度為行營招討使，及永平軍節度使王建討陳敬瑄。山南西道節度使楊守厚陷夔州。

In the third month of the first year of Wende, as Xizong's illness grew critical, the ministers favored installing the eldest Prince of Ji. Army-observation commissioner Yang Fugong brought troops to welcome the Prince of Shou, made him imperial younger brother, and renamed him Min. On yisi he took the throne before the coffin. In the fourth month on wuchen Sun Ru took Yangzhou, declared himself Huainan military commissioner, and Yang Xingmi fled to Luzhou. On gengwu his mother was posthumously honored as empress dowager. Wei Zhaodu became Secretariat Director and Kong Wei Minister of Works. On yihai Zhang Quanyi took Mengzhou and Li Hanzhi fled to Hedong. Cheng Run seized Jiangling and declared himself acting commissioner. On xinmao Zhu Quanzhong fought Qin Zongquan at Caizhou and defeated him. In the fifth month on renyin Zhao Dekun surrendered Xiangzhou and was appointed Zhongyi military commissioner and deputy overall commander of the Caizhou campaign. In the sixth month Wang Jian of Langzhou took Hanzhou, seized prefect Zhang Qi, and marched on Chengdu. Wei Zhaodu was demoted to deputy Jiannan West Circuit commissioner and concurrent pacification commissioner for both circuits. In the tenth month Chen Jingxuan rebelled. On xinmao the Sagely Respectful and Gracious Filial Emperor was interred at Jingling. In the eleventh month on bingshen Qin Zongquan took Xuzhou and seized Zhongwu military commissioner Wang Yun. On xinyou Fengguo army officer Shen Cong captured Qin Zongquan. In the twelfth month on dinghai Wei Zhaodu was made campaign suppression commissioner and Yongping military commissioner Wang Jian was sent against Chen Jingxuan. Shannan West Circuit military commissioner Yang Shouhou took Kuizhou.

龍紀元年

Longji, year 1.

龍紀元年正月癸巳，大赦，改元。翰林學士承旨、兵部侍郎劉崇望同中書門下平章事。壬子，宣武軍將郭璠殺奉國軍留後申叢，自稱留後。二月戊辰，朱全忠俘秦宗權以獻。己丑，宗權伏誅。三月，孔緯為司徒，杜讓能為司空。丙申，錢升陷蘇州，逐刺史徐約。六月，李克用寇邢州。昭義軍節度使孟方立卒，其弟遷自稱留後。楊行密陷宣州，宣歙觀察使趙鍠死之。廬州刺史蔡儔叛附于孫儒。八月甲戌，孟遷叛附于李克用。十月，平盧軍節度使王敬武卒，其子師範自稱留後，陷棣州，刺史張蟾死之。宣歙觀察使楊行密陷常州，刺史杜陵死之。錢升陷潤州。十一月丁未，朝獻于太清宮。戊申，朝享於太廟。己酉，有事於南郊，大赦。十二月，孫儒陷常、潤二州。戊午，孫緯為太保，杜讓能為司徒。壬申，眉州刺史山行章叛附于王建。

In the first month of the first year of Longji on guisi a general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title changed. Hanlin Academician Expositor and Minister of War Liu Chongwang was appointed Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On renzi Xuanwu army officer Guo Fan killed Fengguo acting commissioner Shen Cong and declared himself acting commissioner. In the second month on wuchen Zhu Quanzhong captured Qin Zongquan and presented him to court. On jichou Zongquan was executed. In the third month Kong Wei became Minister of Education and Du Rangneng Minister of Works. On bingshen Qian Sheng took Suzhou and expelled prefect Xu Yue. In the sixth month Li Keyong raided Xingzhou. Zhaoyi military commissioner Meng Fangli died and his younger brother Qian declared himself acting commissioner. Yang Xingmi took Xuanzhou and Xuanshe observation commissioner Zhao Huang was killed. Luzhou prefect Cai Chou rebelled and submitted to Sun Ru. In the eighth month on jiaxu Meng Qian rebelled and submitted to Li Keyong. In the tenth month Pinglu military commissioner Wang Jingwu died; his son Shifan declared himself acting commissioner, took Dizhou, and prefect Zhang Chan was killed. Xuanshe observation commissioner Yang Xingmi took Changzhou and prefect Du Ling was killed. Qian Sheng took Runzhou. In the eleventh month on dingwei the emperor offered tribute at the Grand Pure Palace. On wushen he performed rites at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On jiyou the southern suburban rites were held and a general amnesty proclaimed. In the twelfth month Sun Ru took Chang and Run prefectures. On wuwu Sun Wei became Grand Mentor and Du Rangneng Minister of Education. On renshen Meizhou prefect Shan Xingzhang rebelled and submitted to Wang Jian.

大順元年

Dashun, year 1.

大順元年正月戊子，群臣上尊號曰聖文睿德光武弘孝皇帝，大赦，改元。壬寅，簡州將杜有遷執其刺史員虔嵩，叛附于王建。二月己未，資州將侯元綽執其刺史楊戡，叛附於建。三月戊申，昭義軍節度使李克修卒，其弟克恭自稱留後。四月丙辰，宿州將張筠逐其刺史張紹光。丙寅，嘉州刺史朱實叛附于王建。丙子，戎州將文武堅執其刺史謝承恩，叛附於建。五月，張浚為河東行營都招討宣慰使，京兆尹孫揆副之；幽州盧龍軍節度使李匡威為北面招討使，雲州防禦使赫連鐸副之；朱全忠為南面招討使，王熔為東面招討使，以討李克用。壬寅，昭義軍將安居受殺其節度使李克恭，叛附于朱全忠。癸丑，劍南東川節度使顧彥朗卒，其弟彥暉自稱留後。六月辛酉，雅州將謝從本殺其刺史張承簡，叛附于王建。辛未，朱全忠為河東東面行營招討使。是月，河東將安知建以邢、洺、滋三州叛附于全忠。七月，楊行密陷潤州。戊申，李克用執昭義軍節度使孫揆。八月，錢升殺蘇州刺史杜孺休。楊行密陷蘇州。海南節度使孫儒陷潤州。庚午，朱全忠為中書令。九月，李克用陷潞州。楊行密陷潤、常二州。閏月，孫儒陷常州。壬戌，邛州將任可知殺其刺史毛湘。十月癸未，蜀州刺史李行周叛附于王建。李克用陷邢、洺、滋三州。十一月丁卯，李匡威陷蔚州。是月，張浚及李克用戰于陰地，敗績。孫儒陷蘇州。十二月，李克用陷晉州。

In the first month of the first year of Dashun on wuzi the ministers offered the honorific Sagely Civil, Sagely Virtuous, Bright Martial, and Grandly Filial Emperor; a general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title changed. On renyin Jianzhou officer Du Youqian seized prefect Yuan Qiansong and rebelled, submitting to Wang Jian. In the second month on jiwei Zizhou officer Hou Yuanchuo seized prefect Yang Kan and rebelled, submitting to Jian. In the third month on wushen Zhaoyi military commissioner Li Kexiu died and his younger brother Kejing declared himself acting commissioner. In the fourth month on bingchen Suzhou officer Zhang Yun expelled prefect Zhang Shaoguang. On bingyin Jiazhou prefect Zhu Shi rebelled and submitted to Wang Jian. On bingzi Rongzhou officer Wen Wujian seized prefect Xie Chengen and rebelled, submitting to Jian. In the fifth month Zhang Jun was made Hedong campaign overall suppression and consolation commissioner, with Jingzhao governor Sun Kui as deputy; Youzhou Lulong military commissioner Li Kuangwei was made northern suppression commissioner, with Yunzhou defense commissioner Helian Duo as deputy; Zhu Quanzhong was made southern suppression commissioner and Wang Rong eastern suppression commissioner to attack Li Keyong. On renyin Zhaoyi army officer An Jushou killed military commissioner Li Kejing and rebelled, submitting to Zhu Quanzhong. On guichou Jiannan East Circuit military commissioner Gu Yanlang died and his younger brother Yanhui declared himself acting commissioner. In the sixth month on xinyou Yazhou officer Xie Congben killed prefect Zhang Chengjian and rebelled, submitting to Wang Jian. On xinwei Zhu Quanzhong was made Hedong eastern campaign suppression commissioner. That month Hedong officer An Zhijian surrendered Xing, Ming, and Ci prefectures to Quanzhong. In the seventh month Yang Xingmi took Runzhou. On wushen Li Keyong seized Zhaoyi military commissioner Sun Kui. In the eighth month Qian Sheng killed Suzhou prefect Du Ruxiu. Yang Xingmi took Suzhou. Hainan military commissioner Sun Ru took Runzhou. On gengwu Zhu Quanzhong was made Secretariat Director. In the ninth month Li Keyong took Luzhou. Yang Xingmi took Run and Chang prefectures. In the intercalary month Sun Ru took Changzhou. On renxu Qiongzhou officer Ren Kezhi killed prefect Mao Xiang. In the tenth month on guiwei Shuzhou prefect Li Xingzhou rebelled and submitted to Wang Jian. Li Keyong took Xing, Ming, and Ci prefectures. In the eleventh month on dingmao Li Kuangwei took Weizhou. That month Zhang Jun fought Li Keyong at Yindi and was defeated. Sun Ru took Suzhou. In the twelfth month Li Keyong took Jinzhou.

二年正月庚申，孔緯、張浚罷。翰林學士承旨、兵部侍郎崔昭緯，御史中丞徐彥若為戶部侍郎：同中書門下平章事。甘露鎮使陳可言陷常州。錢升陷蘇州。二月乙巳，赦陳敬瑄。丁未，詔王建罷兵，不受命。是春，淮南大饑。四月庚辰，有彗星入於太微。甲申，大赦，避正殿，減膳，徹樂。賜兩軍金帛，贖所略男女還其家。民年八十以上及疾不能自存者，長吏存恤。訪武德功臣子孫。癸卯，王建寇成都。五月，孫儒陷和、滁二州。六月，楊行密陷和、滁二州。丙午，封子祐為德王。七月，李克用陷雲州，防禦使赫連鐸奔於退渾。孫儒焚揚州以逃。八月庚子，王建陷成都，執劍南西川節度使陳敬瑄，自稱留後。十月壬午，朱全忠陷宿州。十一月己未，曹州將郭銖殺其刺史郭詞，叛附于全忠。辛未，全忠陷壽州。

In the first month of the second year on gengshen Kong Wei and Zhang Jun were dismissed. Hanlin Academician Expositor and Minister of War Cui Zhaowei and Censor-in-Chief Xu Yanruo as Minister of Revenue were appointed Associate Grand Councilors of the Secretariat-Chancellery. Ganlu garrison commissioner Chen Keyan took Changzhou. Qian Sheng took Suzhou. In the second month on yisi Chen Jingxuan was pardoned. On dingwei an edict ordered Wang Jian to stand down; he refused. That spring Huainan suffered severe famine. In the fourth month on gengchen a comet entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure. On jiashen a general amnesty was proclaimed; the emperor withdrew from the main hall, reduced meals, and suspended music. Gold and silk were given to the two armies; seized men and women were ransomed and sent home. Local officials were to care for commoners eighty or older and those too ill to support themselves. Descendants of Wude-era meritorious officials were sought out. On guimao Wang Jian attacked Chengdu. In the fifth month Sun Ru took He and Chu prefectures. In the sixth month Yang Xingmi took He and Chu prefectures. On bingwu his son You was made Prince of De. In the seventh month Li Keyong took Yunzhou and defense commissioner Helian Duo fled to the Tuyuhun. Sun Ru burned Yangzhou and fled. In the eighth month on gengzi Wang Jian took Chengdu, seized Jiannan West Circuit military commissioner Chen Jingxuan, and declared himself acting commissioner. In the tenth month on renwu Zhu Quanzhong took Suzhou. In the eleventh month on jiwei Caozhou officer Guo Zhu killed prefect Guo Ci and rebelled, submitting to Quanzhong. On xinwei Quanzhong took Shouzhou.

景福元年

Jingfu, year 1.

景福元年正月己未，朱全忠陷孟州，逐河陽節度使趙克裕。丙寅，大赦，改元。二月，劉崇望罷。錢升陷蘇州。甲申，朱全忠寇鄆州，天平軍節度使朱宣敗之。三月，戶部尚書鄭延昌為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。乙巳，楊行密陷楚州，執刺史劉瓚；又陷常州，刺史陳可言死之。丙辰，武定軍節度使楊守忠、龍劍節度使楊守貞會楊守厚兵寇梓州。丙寅，福建觀察使陳岩卒，護閩都將範暉自稱留後。庚午，泉州刺史王潮寇福州。四月辛巳，杜讓能為太尉。六月戊寅，楊行密陷揚州。己巳，鳳翔隴右節度使李茂貞陷鳳州，感義軍節度使滿存奔於興元，遂陷興、洋二州。八月壬申，寇興元，楊守亮、滿存奔於閬州。丙戌，降京畿、關輔囚罪，免淮南、浙西、宣州逋負。十月，蔡儔以廬州叛附于朱全忠，河東將李存孝以邢州叛附于全忠。十一月，有星孛于鬥、牛。辛丑，武寧軍將張燧、張諫以濠、泗二州叛附于朱全忠。乙巳，朱友裕陷濮州，執刺史邵儒。孫儒將王壇陷婺州，刺史蔣瑰奔於越州。是歲，明州刺史鐘文季卒，其將黃晟自稱刺史。

In the first month of the first year of Jingfu on jiwei Zhu Quanzhong took Mengzhou and expelled Heyang military commissioner Zhao Keyu. On bingyin a general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title changed. In the second month Liu Chongwang was dismissed. Qian Sheng took Suzhou. On jiashen Zhu Quanzhong raided Yanzhou and Tianping military commissioner Zhu Xuan repelled him. In the third month Minister of Revenue Zheng Yanchang was appointed Secretariat Vice Director and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On yisi Yang Xingmi took Chuzhou and seized prefect Liu Zan; He also took Changzhou and prefect Chen Keyan was killed. On bingchen Wuding military commissioner Yang Shouzhong and Longjian military commissioner Yang Shouzhen joined Yang Shouhou's forces to attack Zizhou. On bingyin Fujian observation commissioner Chen Yan died and Protect Fujian metropolitan general Fan Hui declared himself acting commissioner. On gengwu Quanzhou prefect Wang Chao attacked Fuzhou. In the fourth month on xinsi Du Rangneng became Grand Preceptor. In the sixth month on wuyin Yang Xingmi took Yangzhou. On jisi Fengxiang Longyou military commissioner Li Maozhen took Fengzhou; Ganyi military commissioner Man Cun fled to Xingyuan, and Maozhen then seized Xing and Yang prefectures. In the eighth month on renshen he attacked Xingyuan and Yang Shouliang and Man Cun fled to Langzhou. On bingxu sentences for capital-region and Guanfu convicts were reduced and arrears in Huainan, Zhexi, and Xuanzhou were remitted. In the tenth month Cai Chou surrendered Luzhou to Zhu Quanzhong and Hedong officer Li Cunxiao surrendered Xingzhou to Quanzhong. In the eleventh month a broom star appeared in the Dipper and Ox. On xinchou Wuning army officers Zhang Sui and Zhang Jian surrendered Hao and Si prefectures to Zhu Quanzhong. On yisi Zhu Youyu took Puzhou and seized prefect Shao Ru. Sun Ru's officer Wang Tan took Wuzhou and prefect Jiang Gui fled to Yuezhou. That year Mingzhou prefect Zhong Wenji died and his officer Huang Sheng declared himself prefect.

二年正月，徐彥若罷為鳳翔隴右節度使，李茂貞為山南西道節度使。茂貞不受命。二月，楊行密陷常州。三月辛酉，幽州盧龍軍兵馬留後李匡籌逐其兄匡威，自稱節度留後。四月乙亥，王建殺陳敬瑄及劍南西川監軍田令孜。乙酉，有彗星入於太微。丁亥，王熔殺李匡威。戊子，朱全忠陷徐州，武寧軍節度使時溥死之。五月庚子，王潮陷福州，範暉死之，潮自稱留後。七月，楊行密陷廬州，蔡儔死之。八月丙申，嗣覃王嗣周為京西路招討使，神策大將軍李鐵副之，以討李茂貞。庚子，升州刺史張雄卒，其將馮弘鐸自稱刺史。是月，楊行密陷歙州。九月壬午，嗣覃王嗣周及李茂貞戰于興平，敗績。甲申，茂貞犯京師。乙酉，茂貞殺觀軍容使西門重遂、內樞密使李周訁童、段詡。貶杜讓能為梧州刺史。壬辰，東都留守、檢校司徒韋昭度為司徒，御史中丞崔胤為戶部侍郎：同中書門下平章事。是月，升州刺史馮弘鐸叛附于楊行密。十月乙未，殺杜讓能及戶部侍郎杜弘徽。楊行密陷舒州。十二月，韋昭度為太傅。邵州刺史鄧處訥陷潭州，欽化軍節度使周岳死之，處訥自稱留後。是歲，建州刺史徐歸范、汀州刺史鐘全慕叛附于王潮。

In the first month of the second year Xu Yanruo was reassigned as Fengxiang Longyou military commissioner and Li Maozhen as Shannan West Circuit military commissioner. Maozhen refused the appointment. In the second month Yang Xingmi took Changzhou. In the third month on xinyou Youzhou Lulong troop-and-horse acting commissioner Li Kuangchou ousted his elder brother Kuangwei and declared himself acting military commissioner. In the fourth month on yihai Wang Jian killed Chen Jingxuan and Jiannan West Circuit army supervisor Tian Lingzi. On yiyou a comet entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure. On dinghai Wang Rong killed Li Kuangwei. On wuzi Zhu Quanzhong took Xuzhou and Wuning military commissioner Shi Pu was killed. In the fifth month on gengzi Wang Chao took Fuzhou, Fan Hui was killed, and Chao declared himself acting commissioner. In the seventh month Yang Xingmi took Luzhou and Cai Chou was killed. In the eighth month on bingshen Heir Apparent Prince of Tan Sizhou was made Jingxi Circuit suppression commissioner with Divine Strategy great general Li Tie as deputy to attack Li Maozhen. On gengzi Shengzhou prefect Zhang Xiong died and his officer Feng Hongduo declared himself prefect. That month Yang Xingmi took Shezhou. In the ninth month on renwu Heir Apparent Prince of Tan Sizhou fought Li Maozhen at Xingping and was defeated. On jiashen Maozhen attacked the capital. On yiyou Maozhen killed army-observation commissioner Ximen Chongsui, Inner Palace Commissioner Li Zhouyi, and Duan Xu. Du Rangneng was demoted to prefect of Wuzhou. On renchen Eastern Capital regent and Acting Minister of Education Wei Zhaodu became Minister of Education; Censor-in-Chief Cui Yin as Minister of Revenue was appointed Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. That month Shengzhou prefect Feng Hongduo rebelled and submitted to Yang Xingmi. In the tenth month on yiwei Du Rangneng and Minister of Revenue Du Honghui were executed. Yang Xingmi took Shuzhou. In the twelfth month Wei Zhaodu became Grand Tutor. Shaozhou prefect Deng Chuna took Tanzhou, Qinhua military commissioner Zhou Yue was killed, and Chuna declared himself acting commissioner. That year Jianzhou prefect Xu Guifan and Tingzhou prefect Zhong Quanmu rebelled and submitted to Wang Chao.

乾寧元年

Qianning, year 1.

乾寧元年正月，有星孛於鶉首。乙丑，大赦，改元。李茂貞以兵來朝。二月，右散騎常侍鄭綮為禮部侍郎、同中書門下平章事。彰義軍節度使張鈞卒，其兄钅番自稱留後。三月甲申，李克用寇邢州，執李存孝殺之。五月丙子，王建陷彭州，威戎軍節度使楊晟死之。是月，鄭延昌罷。孫儒將劉建鋒、馬殷陷潭州，武安軍節度使鄧處訥死之，建鋒自稱留後。武岡指揮使蔣勳陷邵州。六月，大同軍防禦使赫連鐸及李克用戰於雲州，死之。戊午，翰林學士承旨、禮部尚書李磎同中書門下平章事。庚申，磎罷。御史大夫徐彥若為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。七月，以雨霖避正殿，減膳。鄭綮罷。李茂貞陷閬州。八月，楊守亮伏誅。癸巳，減京畿、興元、洋金商州賦役。九月庚申，李克用陷潞州，昭義軍節度使康君立死之。十月丁酉，封子祤為棣王，禊虔王，禋沂王，禕遂王。十一月，李克用陷武州。十二月，陷新州。甲寅，幽州盧龍軍節度使李匡籌奔於滄州，義昌軍節度使盧彥威殺之。丙辰，李克用陷幽州。是冬，楊行密陷黃州，執刺史吳討。

In the first month of the first year of Qianning a broom star appeared in the Quail's Head. On yichou a general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title changed. Li Maozhen came to court at the head of his army. In the second month Right Regular Attendant Zheng Zhen was appointed Minister of Rites and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. Zhangyi military commissioner Zhang Jun died and his elder brother Fan declared himself acting commissioner. In the third month on jiashen Li Keyong raided Xingzhou, seized Li Cunxiao, and executed him. In the fifth month on bingzi Wang Jian took Pengzhou and Weirong military commissioner Yang Sheng was killed. That month Zheng Yanchang was dismissed. Sun Ru's officers Liu Jianfeng and Ma Yin took Tanzhou, Wu'an military commissioner Deng Chuna was killed, and Jianfeng declared himself acting commissioner. Wugang commandery commissioner Jiang Xun took Shaozhou. In the sixth month Datong defense commissioner Helian Duo fought Li Keyong at Yunzhou and was killed. On wuwu Hanlin Academician Expositor and Minister of Rites Li Xi was appointed Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On gengshen Xi was dismissed. Censor-in-Chief Xu Yanruo was appointed Secretariat Vice Director and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. In the seventh month prolonged rains led the emperor to withdraw from the main hall and reduce meals. Zheng Zhen was dismissed. Li Maozhen took Langzhou. In the eighth month Yang Shouliang was executed. On guisi levies in the capital region, Xingyuan, and Yang, Jin, and Shang prefectures were reduced. In the ninth month on gengshen Li Keyong took Luzhou and Zhaoyi military commissioner Kang Junli was killed. In the tenth month on dingyou his sons Qi, Xi, Yin, and Yi were made Princes of Di, Qian, Yi, and Sui. In the eleventh month Li Keyong took Wuzhou. In the twelfth month Xinzhou fell. On jiayin Youzhou Lulong military commissioner Li Kuangchou fled to Cangzhou and Yichang military commissioner Lu Yanwei killed him. On bingchen Li Keyong took Youzhou. That winter Yang Xingmi took Huangzhou and seized prefect Wu Tao.

二年正月己巳，給事中陸希聲為戶部侍郎、同中書門下平章事。壬申，護國軍節度使王重盈卒，其子珂自稱留後。二月乙未，太子太傅李磎為戶部侍郎、同中書門下平章事。三月，崔胤、李磎罷。戶部侍郎、判戶部王搏為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。楊行密陷濠州，執刺史張燧。庚午，河東地震。四月，蘇州大雨雪。陸希聲、韋昭度罷。泰寧軍節度使朱瑾及朱全忠戰于高梧，敗績，其將安福慶死之。楊行密陷壽州，執刺史江從勖。五月甲子，靜難軍節度使王行瑜、鎮國軍節度使韓建及李茂貞犯京師，殺太保致仕韋昭度、太子少師李磎。是月，李克用陷絳州，刺史王瑤死之。六月庚寅，鎮海軍節度使錢升為浙江東道招討使。癸巳，吏部尚書孔緯為司空，兼門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事。七月丙辰，李克用以兵屯於河中。戊午，匡國軍節度使王行約奔于京師。庚申，左右神策軍護軍中尉駱全瓘劉景宣、指揮使王行實李繼鵬反。行在莎城。嗣薛王知柔權知中書事。壬戌，李克用陷同州。甲子，次石門。前護國軍節度使崔胤為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。八月戊戌，李克用為邠寧四面行營招討使，保大軍節度使李思孝為北面招討使，定難軍節度使李思諫為東北面招討使，彰義軍節度使張鐇為西面招討使。辛丑，李克用為邠寧四面行營都統。李繼鵬伏誅。赦李茂貞。辛亥，至自石門。壬子，崔昭緯罷。九月丙辰，徐彥若為司空。癸亥，孔緯薨。前昭義軍節度使李罕之為邠寧四面行營副都統。十月，京兆尹孫偓為戶部侍郎、同中書門下平章事。丙戌，李克用及王行瑜戰於梨園，敗之。庚寅，王行約焚寧州以逃。義武軍節度使王處存卒，其子郜自稱留後。十一月丁巳，李克用及王行瑜戰于龍泉，敗之。辛酉，衢州刺史陳儒卒，其弟岌自稱刺史。丁卯，王行瑜伏誅。壬申，齊州刺史朱瓊叛附于朱全忠。丁丑，王建陷利州，刺史李繼顒死之。十二月癸未，赦京師，復大順以來削奪官爵非其罪者。甲申，閬州防禦使李繼雍、蓬州刺史費存、渠州刺史陳璠叛附于王建。丙申，建寇梓州。戊辰，通州刺史李彥昭叛附於建。是歲，安州防禦使宣晟陷桂州，靜江軍節度使周元靜部將劉士政死之，晟自稱知軍府事。

In the first month of the second year on jisi Supervising Secretariat Drafter Lu Xisheng was appointed Minister of Revenue and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On renshen Huguo military commissioner Wang Chongying died and his son Ke declared himself acting commissioner. In the second month on yiwei Heir Apparent Grand Tutor Li Xi was appointed Minister of Revenue and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. In the third month Cui Yin and Li Xi were dismissed. Minister of Revenue and Acting Revenue Commissioner Wang Bo was appointed Secretariat Vice Director and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. Yang Xingmi took Haozhou and seized prefect Zhang Sui. On gengwu an earthquake struck Hedong. In the fourth month Suzhou saw heavy rain and snow. Lu Xisheng and Wei Zhaodu were dismissed. Taining military commissioner Zhu Jin fought Zhu Quanzhong at Gaowu and was defeated; his officer An Fuqing was killed. Yang Xingmi took Shouzhou and seized prefect Jiang Congxu. In the fifth month on jiazi Jingnan military commissioner Wang Xingyu, Zhenguo military commissioner Han Jian, and Li Maozhen attacked the capital and killed retired Grand Mentor Wei Zhaodu and Heir Apparent Junior Tutor Li Xi. That month Li Keyong took Jiangzhou and prefect Wang Yao was killed. In the sixth month on gengyin Zhenhai military commissioner Qian Sheng was made Zhejiang East Circuit suppression commissioner. On guisi Minister of Personnel Kong Wei became Minister of Works and concurrently Secretariat Vice Director and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. In the seventh month on bingchen Li Keyong encamped his army at Hezhong. On wuwu Kuangguo military commissioner Wang Xingyue fled to the capital. On gengshen Left and Right Divine Strategy Army protector-commanders Luo Quangong and Liu Jingxuan and commanders Wang Xingshi and Li Jipeng rebelled. The court was at Shacheng. Heir Apparent Prince of Xue Zhizhou provisionally directed Secretariat affairs. On renxu Li Keyong took Tongzhou. On jiazi the emperor stopped at Shimen. Former Huguo military commissioner Cui Yin was appointed Secretariat Vice Director and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. In the eighth month on wuxu Li Keyong was made Binning four-sides campaign suppression commissioner; Baoda military commissioner Li Sixiao northern suppression commissioner; Dingnan military commissioner Li Sijian northeastern suppression commissioner; and Zhangyi military commissioner Zhang Heng western suppression commissioner. On xinchou Li Keyong was made overall commander of the Binning four-sides campaign. Li Jipeng was executed. Li Maozhen was pardoned. On xinhai the emperor returned from Shimen. On renzi Cui Zhaowei was dismissed. In the ninth month on bingchen Xu Yanruo became Minister of Works. On guihai Kong Wei died. Former Zhaoyi military commissioner Li Hanzhi was made deputy overall commander of the Binning four-sides campaign. In the tenth month Jingzhao governor Sun Wo was appointed Minister of Revenue and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On bingxu Li Keyong fought Wang Xingyu at Liyuan and defeated him. On gengyin Wang Xingyue burned Ningzhou and fled. Yiwu military commissioner Wang Chucun died and his son Gao declared himself acting commissioner. In the eleventh month on dingsi Li Keyong fought Wang Xingyu at Longquan and defeated him. On xinyou Quzhou prefect Chen Ru died and his younger brother Ji declared himself prefect. On dingmao Wang Xingyu was executed. On renshen Qizhou prefect Zhu Qiong rebelled and submitted to Zhu Quanzhong. On dingchou Wang Jian took Lizhou and prefect Li Jiyong was killed. In the twelfth month on guiwei the capital was amnestied and offices and titles stripped since Dashun for crimes not their own were restored. On jiashen Langzhou defense commissioner Li Jiyong, Pengzhou prefect Fei Cun, and Quzhou prefect Chen Fan rebelled and submitted to Wang Jian. On bingchen Jian attacked Zizhou. On wuchen Tongzhou prefect Li Yanzhao rebelled and submitted to Jian. That year Anzhou defense commissioner Xuan Sheng took Guizhou; Jingjiang military commissioner Zhou Yuanjing's officer Liu Shizheng was killed and Sheng declared himself acting military commissioner.

三年正月癸丑，王建陷龍州，刺史田昉死之。閏月丁亥，果州刺史周雄叛附於建。四月壬子，武安軍亂，殺其節度使劉建峰，其將馬殷自稱留後。五月癸未，楊行密陷蘇州，執刺史成及；陷光州，刺史劉存死之。庚寅，成汭陷黔州，武泰軍節度使王建肇奔于成都。乙未，董昌伏誅。是月，蘄州刺史馮行章叛附于楊行密。六月庚戌，李茂貞犯京師，嗣延王戒丕禦之。丙寅，及茂貞戰于婁館，敗績。七月癸巳，行在渭北。甲午，韓建來朝，次華州。乙巳，崔胤罷。丙午，翰林學士承旨、尚書左丞陸扆為戶部侍郎、同中書門下平章事。八月甲寅，王摶罷。乙丑，國子《毛詩》博士朱朴為左諫議大夫、同中書門下平章事。九月乙未，武安軍節度使崔胤為中書侍郎，翰林學士承旨、戶部侍郎崔遠：同中書門下平章事。丁酉，貶陸扆為峽州刺史。十月，李克用及羅弘信戰于白龍潭，敗之。壬子，孫偓持節鳳翔四面行營節度、諸軍都統、招討、處置使。戊午，威勝軍節度使王摶為吏部尚書、同中書門下平章事。十一月戊子，忠國軍節度使李師悅卒，其子繼徽自稱留後。

In the first month of the third year on guichou Wang Jian took Longzhou and prefect Tian Fang was killed. In the intercalary month on dinghai Guozhou prefect Zhou Xiong rebelled and submitted to Jian. In the fourth month on renzi Wu'an army mutinied, killed military commissioner Liu Jianfeng, and his officer Ma Yin declared himself acting commissioner. In the fifth month on guiwei Yang Xingmi took Suzhou and seized prefect Cheng Ji; he also took Guangzhou and prefect Liu Cun was killed. On gengyin Cheng Run took Qianzhou and Wutai military commissioner Wang Jianzhao fled to Chengdu. On yiwei Dong Chang was executed. That month Qizhou prefect Feng Xingzhang rebelled and submitted to Yang Xingmi. In the sixth month on gengxu Li Maozhen attacked the capital and Heir Apparent Prince of Yan Jiepi defended. On bingyin he fought Maozhen at Louguan and was defeated. In the seventh month on guisi the court was north of the Wei. On jiawu Han Jian came to court and the emperor stopped at Huazhou. On yisi Cui Yin was dismissed. On bingwu Hanlin Academician Expositor and Left Secretariat Director Lu Yi was appointed Minister of Revenue and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. In the eighth month on jiayin Wang Bo was dismissed. On yichou State University Mao Odes Doctor Zhu Pu was made Left Remonstrator and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. In the ninth month on yiwei Wu'an military commissioner Cui Yin became Secretariat Vice Director and Hanlin Academician Expositor and Minister of Revenue Cui Yuan was appointed Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On dingyou Lu Yi was demoted to prefect of Xia. In the tenth month Li Keyong fought Luo Hongxin at Bailongtan and defeated him. On renzi Sun Wo was commissioned Fengxiang four-sides campaign military commissioner, overall army commander, suppression commissioner, and disposition commissioner. On wuwu Weisheng military commissioner Wang Bo was appointed Minister of Personnel and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. In the eleventh month on wuzi Zhongguo military commissioner Li Shiyue died and his son Jihui declared himself acting commissioner.

四年正月乙酉，韓建以兵圍行宮，殺扈蹕都將李筠。丙申，朱全忠陷鄆州，天平軍節度使朱宣死之。己亥，孫偓罷都統。二月，朱全忠寇兗州，泰寧軍節度使朱瑾奔於淮南，其子用貞以兗州叛附于全忠。全忠陷沂、海、密三州。保義軍節度使王珙寇河中。韓建殺太子詹事馬道殷、將作監許岩士。楊行密為江南諸道行營都統。癸丑，王建陷瀘州，刺史馬敬儒死之。己未，立德王裕為皇太子，太赦，饗於行廟。辛未，王建陷渝州。乙亥，孫偓、朱樸罷。五月壬午，朱全忠陷黃州，刺史矍璋死之。六月，貶王建為南州刺史。以李茂貞為劍南西川節度使，嗣覃王嗣周為鳳翔隴右節度使，茂貞不受命，嗣周及茂貞戰於奉天，敗績。八月，韓建殺通王滋、沂王禋、韶王、彭王、嗣韓王、嗣陳王、嗣覃王嗣周、嗣延王戒丕、嗣丹王允。九月，錢升陷湖州，忠國軍節度使李繼徽奔於淮南。彰義軍節度使張璉為鳳翔西北行營招討使，靜難軍節度使李思諫為鳳翔四面行營副都統，以討李茂貞。十月壬子，遂州刺史侯紹叛附于王建。乙卯，合州刺史王仁威叛附於建。庚申，建陷梓州，劍南東川節度使顧彥暉死之。甲子，封子秘為景王，祚輝王，祺祁王。十一月癸酉，楊行密及朱全忠戰於消口，敗之。丙子，錢升陷台州。十二月丁未，威武軍節度使王潮卒，其弟審知自稱留後。

In the first month of the fourth year on yiyou Han Jian besieged the traveling palace with troops and killed imperial escort commander Li Yun. On bingshen Zhu Quanzhong took Yanzhou and Tianping military commissioner Zhu Xuan was killed. On jihai Sun Wo was relieved as overall commander. In the second month Zhu Quanzhong raided Yanzhou; Taining military commissioner Zhu Jin fled to Huainan and his son Yongzhen surrendered Yanzhou to Quanzhong. Quanzhong took Yi, Hai, and Mi prefectures. Baoyi military commissioner Wang Gong raided Hezhong. Han Jian killed Heir Apparent Household Administrator Ma Daoyin and Director of Palace Construction Xu Yanshi. Yang Xingmi was made overall commander of the Jiangnan circuits campaign. On guichou Wang Jian took Luzhou and prefect Ma Jingru was killed. On jiwei Virtuous King Yu was made heir apparent; a great amnesty was proclaimed and a feast held at the traveling temple. On xinwei Wang Jian took Yuzhou. On yihai Sun Wo and Zhu Pu were dismissed. In the fifth month on renwu Zhu Quanzhong took Huangzhou and prefect Qu Zhang was killed. In the sixth month Wang Jian was demoted to prefect of Nan. Li Maozhen was appointed Jiannan West Circuit military commissioner and Heir Apparent Prince of Tan Sizhou Fengxiang Longyou military commissioner; Maozhen refused; Sizhou fought Maozhen at Fengtian and was defeated. In the eighth month Han Jian killed Prince of Tong Zi, Prince of Yi Yin, Prince of Shao, Prince of Peng, Heir Apparent Prince of Han, Heir Apparent Prince of Chen, Heir Apparent Prince of Tan Sizhou, Heir Apparent Prince of Yan Jiepi, and Heir Apparent Prince of Dan Yun. In the ninth month Qian Sheng took Huzhou and Zhongguo military commissioner Li Jihui fled to Huainan. Zhangyi military commissioner Zhang Lian was made Fengxiang northwest campaign suppression commissioner and Jingnan military commissioner Li Sijian Fengxiang four-sides campaign deputy overall commander to attack Li Maozhen. In the tenth month on renzi Suizhou prefect Hou Shao rebelled and submitted to Wang Jian. On yimao Hezhou prefect Wang Renwei rebelled and submitted to Jian. On gengshen Jian took Zizhou and Jiannan East Circuit military commissioner Gu Yanhui was killed. On jiazi his sons Mi, Zuo, and Qi were made Princes of Jing, Hui, and Qi. In the eleventh month on guiyou Yang Xingmi fought Zhu Quanzhong at Xiaokou and defeated him. On bingzi Qian Sheng took Taizhou. In the twelfth month on dingwei Weiwu military commissioner Wang Chao died and his younger brother Shenzhi declared himself acting commissioner.

光化元年

Guanghua, year 1.

光化元年正月，徐彥若為司徒。二月，赦李茂貞。三月，幽州盧龍軍節度使劉仁恭之子守文陷滄州，義昌軍節度使盧彥威奔於汴州。四月丙寅，立淑妃何氏為皇后。五月己巳，大赦。辛未，朱全忠陷洺州，刺史邢善益死之；又陷邢州。壬午，陷磁州，刺史袁奉韜死之。是月，馬殷陷邵、衡、永三州，刺史蔣勳、楊師遠、唐旻死之。七月丙申，朱全忠陷唐州，又陷隋州，執刺史趙匡璘。八月戊午，陷鄧州，執刺史國湘。壬戌，至自華州。甲子，大赦，改元。九月丙子，有星隕於北方。甲申，錢升陷蘇州。十月，魏博節度使羅弘信卒，其子紹威自稱留後。己亥，朱全忠陷安州，刺史武瑜死之。十一月，衢州刺史陳岌叛附于楊行密。甲寅，封子禛為雅王，祥瓊王。十二月癸未，李罕之陷潞州，自稱節度留後。李克用陷澤州。

In the first month of the first year of Guanghua Xu Yanruo became Minister of Education. In the second month Li Maozhen was pardoned. In the third month Youzhou Lulong military commissioner Liu Rengong's son Shouwen took Cangzhou and Yichang military commissioner Lu Yanwei fled to Bianzhou. In the fourth month on bingyin Virtuous Consort He was made empress. In the fifth month on jisi a general amnesty was proclaimed. On xinwei Zhu Quanzhong took Mingzhou and prefect Xing Shanyi was killed; he also took Xingzhou. On renwu he took Cizhou and prefect Yuan Fengtao was killed. That month Ma Yin took Shao, Heng, and Yong prefectures and prefects Jiang Xun, Yang Shiyuan, and Tang Min were killed. In the seventh month on bingshen Zhu Quanzhong took Tangzhou and Suizhou and seized prefect Zhao Kuanglin. In the eighth month on wuwu he took Dengzhou and seized prefect Guo Xiang. On renxu the emperor returned from Huazhou. On jiazi a general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title changed. In the ninth month on bingzi a star fell in the north. On jiashen Qian Sheng took Suzhou. In the tenth month Weibo military commissioner Luo Hongxin died and his son Shaowei declared himself acting commissioner. On jihai Zhu Quanzhong took Anzhou and prefect Wu Yu was killed. In the eleventh month Quzhou prefect Chen Ji rebelled and submitted to Yang Xingmi. On jiayin his sons Zhen and Xiang were made Princes of Ya and Qiong. In the twelfth month on guiwei Li Hanzhi took Luzhou and declared himself acting military commissioner. Li Keyong took Zezhou.

二年正月乙未，給復綿、劍二州二年。丁未，崔胤罷。兵部尚書陸扆同中書門下平章事。是月，李罕之陷沁州。劉仁恭陷貝州。二月甲子，朱全忠陷蔡州，奉國軍節度使崔洪奔於淮南。三月丁巳，全忠陷澤州。六月丁丑，保義軍亂，殺其節度使王珙，其將李璠叛附于全忠。七月壬辰，海州戍將陳漢賓以其州叛附于楊行密。馬殷陷道州，刺史蔡結死之。八月，李克用陷澤、潞、懷三州。十一月，徐彥若為太保，王摶為司空。馬殷陷郴、連二州，刺史陳彥謙、魯景仁死之。辛丑，保義軍將朱簡殺其節度使李璠，叛附于朱全忠。

In the first month of the second year on yiwei Mian and Jian prefectures were granted two years' tax relief. On dingwei Cui Yin was dismissed. Minister of War Lu Yi was appointed Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. That month Li Hanzhi took Qinzhou. Liu Rengong took Beizhou. In the second month on jiazi Zhu Quanzhong took Caizhou and Fengguo military commissioner Cui Hong fled to Huainan. In the third month on dingsi Quanzhong took Zezhou. In the sixth month on dingchou Baoyi army mutinied, killed military commissioner Wang Gong, and his officer Li Fan rebelled and submitted to Quanzhong. In the seventh month on renchen Haizhou garrison officer Chen Hanbin surrendered his prefecture to Yang Xingmi. Ma Yin took Daozhou and prefect Cai Jie was killed. In the eighth month Li Keyong took Ze, Lu, and Huai prefectures. In the eleventh month Xu Yanruo became Grand Mentor and Wang Bo Minister of Works. Ma Yin took Chen and Lian prefectures and prefects Chen Yanqian and Lu Jingren were killed. On xinchou Baoyi army officer Zhu Jian killed military commissioner Li Fan and rebelled, submitting to Zhu Quanzhong.

三年四月辛未，皇后及皇太子享于太廟。六月丁卯，清海軍節度使崔胤為尚書左僕射，兼門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事。王摶罷。己巳，殺之。七月，浙江溢。八月庚辰，李克用陷洺州，執刺史朱紹宗。九月，朱全忠陷洺州。錢升陷婺州，刺史王壇奔于宣州。衢州刺史陳岌叛附于錢升。乙巳，徐彥若罷。丙午，崔遠罷。戊申，刑部尚書裴贄為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。甲寅，朱全忠陷瀛州。十月丙辰，陷景州，執刺史劉仁霸。辛酉，陷莫州。辛巳，陷祁州，刺史楊約死之。甲申陷定州，義武軍節度使王郜奔於太原。十一月己丑，左右神策軍中尉劉季述、王仲先、內樞密使王彥范、薛齊偓作亂，皇帝居於少陽院。辛卯，季述以皇太子裕為皇帝。丁未，太白晝見。十二月，劉季述殺睦王倚。是歲，馬殷陷桂、宜、岩、柳、象五州。睦州刺史陳晟卒，其弟詢自稱刺史。

In the third year in the fourth month on xinwei the empress and heir apparent offered sacrifice at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. In the sixth month on dingmao Qinghai military commissioner Cui Yin was appointed Left Vice Minister of Works and concurrently Secretariat Vice Director and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. Wang Bo was dismissed. On jisi he was executed. In the seventh month Zhejiang flooded. In the eighth month on gengchen Li Keyong took Mingzhou and seized prefect Zhu Shaozong. In the ninth month Zhu Quanzhong took Mingzhou. Qian Sheng took Wuzhou and prefect Wang Tan fled to Xuanzhou. Quzhou prefect Chen Ji rebelled and submitted to Qian Sheng. On yisi Xu Yanruo was dismissed. On bingwu Cui Yuan was dismissed. On wushen Minister of Justice Pei Zan was appointed Secretariat Vice Director and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On jiayin Zhu Quanzhong took Yingzhou. In the tenth month on bingchen he took Jingzhou and seized prefect Liu Renba. On xinyou he took Mozhou. On xinsi he took Qizhou and prefect Yang Yue was killed. On jiashen he took Dingzhou and Yiwu military commissioner Wang Gao fled to Taiyuan. In the eleventh month on jichou Left and Right Divine Strategy Army eunuch-commanders Liu Jishu and Wang Zhongxian and Inner Palace Commissioners Wang Yanfan and Xue Qiyu staged a coup; the emperor was confined to the Shaoyang Court. On xinmao Jishu installed heir apparent Virtuous King Yu as emperor. On dingwei Venus was visible in daylight. In the twelfth month Liu Jishu killed Prince of Mu Yi. That year Ma Yin took Gui, Yi, Yan, Liu, and Xiang prefectures. Muzhou prefect Chen Sheng died and his younger brother Xun declared himself prefect.

天復元年

Tianfu, year 1.

天復元年正月乙酉，左神策軍將孫德昭、董彥弼、周承誨以兵討亂，皇帝復於位。劉季述、薛齊偓伏誅，降封皇太子裕為德王。戊申，朱全忠陷絳州。壬子，崔胤為司空。朱全忠陷晉州。二月甲寅，以旱避正殿，減膳。戊辰，朱全忠陷河中，執護國軍節度使王珂。辛未，封全忠為梁王。是月，翰林學士、戶部侍郎王溥為中書侍郎，吏部侍郎裴樞為戶部侍郎：同中書門下平章事。三月辛亥，昭義軍節度使孟遷叛附于朱全忠。四月壬子，全忠陷沁、澤二州。丁巳，儀州刺史張鄂叛附于全忠。甲戌，享於太廟。丙子，大赦，改元。武德、貞觀配饗功臣主祭子孫敘進之，介公、酅公後予一子九品正員官。免光化以來畿內逋負。五月，李茂貞來朝。六月，李克用陷隰、慈二州。十月戊戌，朱全忠犯京師。十一月己酉，陷同州。壬子，如鳳翔。丁巳，朱全忠陷華州，鎮國軍節度使韓建叛附于全忠。辛酉，兵部侍郎盧光啟權句當中書事。癸亥，李茂貞及朱全忠戰於武功，敗績。丁卯，盧光啟為右諫議大夫，參知機務。戊辰，朱全忠犯鳳翔。辛未，陷邠州，靜難軍節度使李繼徽叛附于全忠。甲戌，崔胤、裴樞罷。十二月，鐘傳陷吉州。是歲，清海軍節度使徐彥若卒，行軍司馬劉隱自稱留後。武貞軍節度使雷蒲卒，其子彥威自稱留後。

In the first month of the first year of Tianfu on yiyou Left Divine Strategy army officers Sun Dezhao, Dong Yanbi, and Zhou Chenghui suppressed the coup and restored the emperor. Liu Jishu and Xue Qiyu were executed and heir apparent Virtuous King Yu was demoted to Prince of De. On wushen Zhu Quanzhong took Jiangzhou. On renzi Cui Yin became Minister of Works. Zhu Quanzhong took Jinzhou. In the second month on jiayin drought led the emperor to withdraw from the main hall and reduce meals. On wuchen Zhu Quanzhong took Hezhong and seized Huguo military commissioner Wang Ke. On xinwei Quanzhong was enfeoffed as Prince of Liang. That month Hanlin Academician and Minister of Revenue Wang Pu became Secretariat Vice Director and Minister of Personnel Pei Shuai Minister of Revenue, both appointed Associate Grand Councilors of the Secretariat-Chancellery. In the third month on xinhai Zhaoyi military commissioner Meng Qian rebelled and submitted to Zhu Quanzhong. In the fourth month on renzi Quanzhong took Qin and Ze prefectures. On dingsi Yizhou prefect Zhang E rebelled and submitted to Quanzhong. On jiaxu sacrifice was offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On bingzi a general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title changed. Descendants of Wude and Zhenguan paired-sacrifice meritorious officials were advanced in rank; one son each of the Dukes of Jie and Xi received a ninth-rank regular office. Capital-region arrears since Guanghua were remitted. In the fifth month Li Maozhen came to court. In the sixth month Li Keyong took Xi and Ci prefectures. In the tenth month on wuxu Zhu Quanzhong attacked the capital. In the eleventh month on jiyou he took Tongzhou. On renzi the emperor went to Fengxiang. On dingsi Zhu Quanzhong took Huazhou and Zhenguo military commissioner Han Jian rebelled and submitted to Quanzhong. On xinyou Minister of War Lu Guangqi provisionally directed Secretariat affairs. On guihai Li Maozhen fought Zhu Quanzhong at Wugong and was defeated. On dingmao Lu Guangqi was made Right Remonstrator with participation in state affairs. On wuchen Zhu Quanzhong attacked Fengxiang. On xinwei he took Binzhou and Jingnan military commissioner Li Jihui rebelled and submitted to Quanzhong. On jiaxu Cui Yin and Pei Shuai were dismissed. In the twelfth month Zhong Chuan took Jizhou. That year Qinghai military commissioner Xu Yanruo died and campaign deputy military commissioner Liu Yin declared himself acting commissioner. Wuzhen military commissioner Lei Pu died and his son Yanwei declared himself acting commissioner.

二年正月丁卯，給事中韋貽範為工部侍郎、同中書門下平章事。丙子，給事中嚴龜為汴、岐和協使。二月己亥，盜發簡陵。王建陷利州，昭武軍節度使李繼忠奔於鳳翔。三月庚戌，晝晦。癸丑，朱全忠陷汾州。乙卯，浙西大雨雪。戊午，朱全忠陷慈、隰二州。丁卯，李克用陷汾、慈、隰三州。四月，盧光啟罷。丙申，溫州刺史朱褒卒，其兄敖自稱刺史。楊行密陷升州。五月丙午，李茂貞及朱全忠戰於武功，敗績。庚午，韋貽範罷。六月丙子，中書舍人蘇檢為工部侍郎、同中書門下平章事。丙戌，朱全忠陷鳳州。七月甲辰，陷成州。乙巳，陷隴州。八月己亥，韋貽範起復。辛丑，王建陷興元，山南西道節度使王萬弘叛附於建。九月戊申，李茂貞及朱全忠戰于槐林，敗績。武定軍節度使拓拔思恭叛附于王建。十月癸酉，楊行密為東面諸道行營都統，及湖南節度使馬殷討朱全忠。王建陷興州。十一月癸卯，保大軍節度使李茂勳以兵援鳳翔。丙辰，韋貽範薨。十二月癸巳，溫州將丁章逐其刺史朱敖。己亥，朱全忠陷鄜州，保大軍節度使李茂勳叛附于全忠。是歲，盧光稠陷韶州。岳州刺史鄧進思卒，其弟進忠自稱刺史。

In the first month of the second year on dingmao Supervising Secretariat Drafter Wei Yifan was appointed Minister of Works and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On bingzi Supervising Secretariat Drafter Yan Gui was made Bian-Qi peace commissioner. In the second month on jihai Jianling was looted. Wang Jian took Lizhou and Zhaowu military commissioner Li Jizhong fled to Fengxiang. In the third month on gengxu daylight turned dim. On guichou Zhu Quanzhong took Fenzhou. On yimao Zhexi saw heavy rain and snow. On wuwu Zhu Quanzhong took Ci and Xi prefectures. On dingmao Li Keyong took Fen, Ci, and Xi prefectures. In the fourth month Lu Guangqi was dismissed. On bingshen Wenzhou prefect Zhu Bao died and his elder brother Ao declared himself prefect. Yang Xingmi took Shengzhou. In the fifth month on bingwu Li Maozhen fought Zhu Quanzhong at Wugong and was defeated. On gengwu Wei Yifan was dismissed. In the sixth month on bingzi Secretariat Drafting Attendant Su Jian was appointed Minister of Works and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On bingxu Zhu Quanzhong took Fengzhou. In the seventh month on jiachen he took Chengzhou. On yisi he took Longzhou. In the eighth month on jihai Wei Yifan returned to office. On xinchou Wang Jian took Xingyuan and Shannan West Circuit military commissioner Wang Wanhong rebelled and submitted to Jian. In the ninth month on wushen Li Maozhen fought Zhu Quanzhong at Huailin and was defeated. Wuding military commissioner Tuoba Sichong rebelled and submitted to Wang Jian. In the tenth month on guiyou Yang Xingmi was made eastern circuits campaign overall commander and Hunan military commissioner Ma Yin was ordered to attack Zhu Quanzhong. Wang Jian took Xingzhou. In the eleventh month on guimao Baoda military commissioner Li Maoxun marched to relieve Fengxiang. On bingchen Wei Yifan died. In the twelfth month on guisi Wenzhou officer Ding Zhang expelled prefect Zhu Ao. On jihai Zhu Quanzhong took Yanzhou and Baoda military commissioner Li Maoxun rebelled and submitted to Quanzhong. That year Lu Guangchou took Shaozhou. Yuezhou prefect Deng Jinsi died and his younger brother Jinzhong declared himself prefect.

三年正月丙午，平盧軍節度使王師範取兗州。戊申，殺左右神策軍護軍中尉韓全誨張彥弘、內樞密使袁易簡周敬容。辛亥，翰林學士姚洎為汴、岐和協使。壬子，工部尚書崔胤為司空，兼門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事。甲子，幸朱全忠軍。己巳，至自鳳翔，哭於太廟，大赦。庚午，崔胤及朱全忠殺中官七百餘人。辛未，胤判六軍十二衛事。丁章伏誅。二月，雨土。甲戌，貶陸扆為沂王傅，分司東都。丙子，王溥罷。朱全忠殺蘇檢、吏部侍郎盧光啟。戊寅，降京畿、河中鳳翔興德府、同邠鄜三州死罪以下。己卯，輝王祚為諸道兵馬都元帥；庚辰，朱全忠為太尉、中書令副之。崔胤為司徒。乙未，清海軍節度使裴樞為門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事。三月，朱全忠陷青州。楊行密陷密州，刺史劉康乂死之。酉月己卯，朱全忠判元帥府事。五月壬子，荊南節度使成汭及楊行密戰於君山，死之。武貞軍節度使雷彥威之弟彥恭陷江陵。六月乙亥，朱全忠陷登州。九月，楊行密殺奉國軍節度使朱延壽。辛亥，朱全忠陷棣州，刺史邵播死之；陷密州。戊午，平盧軍節度使王師範叛附于全忠。十月，忠義軍將趙匡明陷江陵，自稱留後。王建陷忠、萬、施三州。甲戌，陷夔州。丁丑，平盧軍將劉鄩以兗州叛附于朱全忠。十二月，裴贄罷。楊行密陷宣州，寧國軍節度使田頵死之。辛巳，禮部尚書獨孤損為兵部侍郎、同中書門下平章事。丙申，朱全忠殺尚書左僕射致仕張浚。

In the first month of the third year on bingwu Pinglu military commissioner Wang Shifan took Yanzhou. On wushen the Left and Right Divine Strategy Army protector-commanders Han Quanhui and Zhang Yanhong and Inner Palace Commissioners Yuan Yijian and Zhou Jingrong were executed. On xinhai Hanlin Academician Yao Ji was made Bian-Qi peace commissioner. On renzi Minister of Works Cui Yin became Minister of Works and concurrently Secretariat Vice Director and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On jiazi the emperor visited Zhu Quanzhong's camp. On jisi he returned from Fengxiang, mourned at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and proclaimed a general amnesty. On gengwu Cui Yin and Zhu Quanzhong executed more than seven hundred inner attendants. On xinwei Yin took charge of the Six Armies and Twelve Guards. Ding Zhang was executed. In the second month earth fell like rain. On jiaxu Lu Yi was demoted to Prince of Yi Tutor and assigned to the Eastern Capital. On bingzi Wang Pu was dismissed. Zhu Quanzhong executed Su Jian and Minister of Personnel Lu Guangqi. On wuyin death sentences and below were commuted in the capital region, Hezhong, Fengxiang Xingde Prefecture, and Tong, Bin, and Yan prefectures. On jimao Prince of Hui Zuo was made overall commander of the circuits' armies; On gengchen Zhu Quanzhong as Grand Preceptor and Secretariat Director served as deputy. Cui Yin became Minister of Education. On yiwei Qinghai military commissioner Pei Shuai was appointed Secretariat Vice Director and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. In the third month Zhu Quanzhong took Qingzhou. Yang Xingmi took Mizhou and prefect Liu Kangyi was killed. In the fifth month on jimao Zhu Quanzhong directed overall commander headquarters affairs. In the fifth month on renzi Jingnan military commissioner Cheng Run fought Yang Xingmi at Junshan and was killed. Wuzhen military commissioner Lei Yanwei's younger brother Yangong took Jiangling. In the sixth month on yihai Zhu Quanzhong took Dengzhou. In the ninth month Yang Xingmi killed Fengguo military commissioner Zhu Yanshou. On xinhai Zhu Quanzhong took Dizhou and prefect Shao Bo was killed; he also took Mizhou. On wuwu Pinglu military commissioner Wang Shifan rebelled and submitted to Quanzhong. In the tenth month Zhongyi army officer Zhao Kuangming took Jiangling and declared himself acting commissioner. Wang Jian took Zhong, Wan, and Shi prefectures. On jiaxu he took Kuizhou. On dingchou Pinglu army officer Liu Zhen surrendered Yanzhou to Zhu Quanzhong. In the twelfth month Pei Zan was dismissed. Yang Xingmi took Xuanzhou and Ningguo military commissioner Tian Yun was killed. On xinsi Minister of Rites Dugu Sun was appointed Minister of War and Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On bingshen Zhu Quanzhong killed retired Left Vice Minister of Works Zhang Jun.

天祐元年

Tianyou, year 1.

天祐元年正月乙巳，崔胤罷。裴樞判左三軍事，獨孤損判右三軍事。兵部尚書崔遠為中書侍郎，翰林學士、右拾遺柳璨為右諫議大夫：同中書門下平章事。己酉，朱全忠殺太子少傅崔胤及京兆尹鄭元規、威遠軍使陳班。戊午，全忠遷唐都於洛陽。二月丙寅，日中見北斗。戊寅，次陝州。朱全忠來朝。甲申，封子禎為端王，祁豐王，福和王，禧登王，祐嘉王。三月丁未，朱全忠兼判左右神策及六軍諸衛事。閏四月壬寅，次谷水。朱全忠來朝。甲辰，至自西都。享於太廟。大風，雨土。乙巳，大赦，改元。六月，靜難軍節度使楊崇本會李克用、王建兵以討朱全忠。七月乙丑，全忠以兵屯於河中。八月壬寅，全忠以左右龍武統軍朱友恭、氏叔琮、樞密使蔣玄暉兵犯宮門；是夕，皇帝崩，年三十八。明年，起居郎蘇楷請更諡「恭靈莊閔」，廟號襄宗。至後唐同光初，復故號諡云。

In the first month of the first year of Tianyou on yisi Cui Yin was dismissed. Pei Shuai directed the left three armies and Dugu Sun the right three armies. Minister of War Cui Yuan became Secretariat Vice Director and Hanlin Academician and Right Reminder Liu Can Right Remonstrator, both appointed Associate Grand Councilors of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On jiyou Zhu Quanzhong killed Heir Apparent Junior Tutor Cui Yin, Jingzhao governor Zheng Yuangui, Weiyuan army commissioner Chen Ban, and others. On wuwu Quanzhong moved the Tang capital to Luoyang. In the second month on bingyin the Big Dipper was visible at midday. On wuyin the emperor stopped at Shaanzhou. Zhu Quanzhong came to court. On jiashen his sons Zhen, Qi, Fu, Xi, and You were made Princes of Duan, Feng, He, Deng, and Jia. In the third month on dingwei Zhu Quanzhong was additionally placed in charge of the Left and Right Divine Strategy Armies and the Six Armies and Twelve Guards. In the intercalary fourth month on renyin the emperor stopped at Gushui. Zhu Quanzhong came to court. On jiachen the emperor returned from the western capital. Sacrifice was offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. A great wind blew and earth fell like rain. On yisi a general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title changed. In the sixth month Jingnan military commissioner Yang Chongben joined Li Keyong and Wang Jian to attack Zhu Quanzhong. In the seventh month on yichou Quanzhong encamped his army at Hezhong. In the eighth month on renyin Quanzhong with Left and Right Dragon Martial commanders Zhu Yougong and Shi Shuzong and Army Supervisor Jiang Xuanhui attacked the palace gates; That night the emperor died at thirty-eight. The next year Court Gentleman Su Kai sought to change the posthumous title to Respectful, Spiritual, Solemn, and Mild and the temple name to Emperor Xiang. At the beginning of Tongguang in Later Tang the former title and posthumous name were restored.

昭宣光烈孝皇帝諱祝，昭宗第九子也。母曰皇太后何氏。始封輝王。朱全忠已弑昭宗，矯詔立為皇太子，監軍國事。

Emperor Zhaoxuan the Bright and Fierce Filial, bore the taboo name Zhu, and was the ninth son of Zhaozong. His mother was Empress Dowager He. He was first made Prince of Hui. After Zhu Quanzhong murdered Zhaozong, a forged edict installed him as heir apparent to supervise state affairs.

天祐元年

Tianyou, year 1.

二年正月，盧約陷溫州。楊行密殺平盧軍節試使安仁義。丁丑，盜焚乾陵下宮。二月，楊行密陷鄂州，武昌軍節度使杜洪死之。戊戌，朱全忠殺德王裕及棣王祤、虔王禊、遂王禕、景王秘、祁王祺、瓊王祥。己酉，葬聖穆景文孝皇帝于和陵。三月甲子，裴樞罷。戊寅，獨孤損罷。禮部侍郎張文蔚同中書門下平章事。甲申，崔遠罷。吏部侍郎楊涉同中書門下平章事。四月乙未，以旱避正殿，減膳。庚子，有彗星出於酉北；甲辰，出於北河。辛亥，降京畿死罪以下，給復山陵役者一年。五月，王建陷金州，戎昭軍節度使馮行襲奔於均州。六月，行襲克金州。楊行密陷婺州，執刺史沈夏。戊子，朱全忠殺裴樞及靜海軍節度使獨孤損、左僕射崔遠、吏部尚書陸扆、工部尚書王溥、司空致仕裴贄、檢校司空兼太子太保致仕趙崇、兵部侍郎王贊。七月，卜郊。岳州刺史鄧進忠叛附于馬殷。九月甲子，朱全忠陷襄州，忠義軍節度使趙匡凝奔於淮南。丙寅，封弟裕為潁王，祐蔡王。朱全忠陷江陵，留後趙匡明奔于成都。乙酉，改卜郊。十月丙戌，朱全忠為諸道兵馬元帥。十一月庚午，三卜郊。庚辰，淮南節度使楊行密卒，以其子渥為淮南節度副大使、東面諸道行營都統。辛巳，朱全忠為相國，總百揆，封魏王。十二月乙未，全忠為天下兵馬元帥，殺蔣玄暉及豐德庫使應頊、尚食使朱建武。癸卯柳璨為司空。戊申，朱全忠殺皇太后。辛亥，罷郊。癸丑，貶柳璨為登州刺史。甲寅，殺璨及太常卿張廷範。

In the first month of the second year Lu Yue took Wenzhou. Yang Xingmi killed Pinglu military commissioner An Renyi. On dingchou robbers burned the lower palace of Qianling. In the second month Yang Xingmi took Ezhou and Wuchang military commissioner Du Hong was killed. On wuxu Zhu Quanzhong killed Virtuous King Yu and Princes of Di Qi, Qian Xi, Sui Yi, Jing Mi, Qi Qi, and Qiong Xiang. On jiyou the Sagely Solemn and Civil Filial Emperor was interred at Heling. In the third month on jiazi Pei Shuai was dismissed. On wuyin Dugu Sun was dismissed. Minister of Rites Zhang Wenwei was appointed Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. On jiashen Cui Yuan was dismissed. Minister of Personnel Yang She was appointed Associate Grand Councilor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. In the fourth month on yiwei drought led the emperor to withdraw from the main hall and reduce meals. On gengzi a comet appeared in the northwest; On jiachen it appeared in the Northern River. On xinhai capital-region death sentences and below were commuted and mausoleum laborers were granted one year's relief. In the fifth month Wang Jian took Jinzhou and Rongzhao military commissioner Feng Xingxi fled to Junzhou. In the sixth month Xingxi recaptured Jinzhou. Yang Xingmi took Wuzhou and seized prefect Shen Xia. On wuzi Zhu Quanzhong executed Pei Shuai, Jinghai military commissioner Dugu Sun, Left Vice Minister of Works Cui Yuan, Minister of Works Lu Yi, Minister of Works Wang Pu, retired Minister of Works Pei Zan, Acting Minister of Works and Heir Apparent Grand Tutor Zhao Chong, and Minister of War Wang Zan. In the seventh month suburban sacrifice was divined. Yuezhou prefect Deng Jinzhong rebelled and submitted to Ma Yin. In the ninth month on jiazi Zhu Quanzhong took Xiangzhou and Zhongyi military commissioner Zhao Kuangning fled to Huainan. On bingyin his younger brother Yu was made Prince of Ying and You Prince of Cai. Zhu Quanzhong took Jiangling and acting commissioner Zhao Kuangming fled to Chengdu. On yiyou suburban sacrifice was rescheduled. In the tenth month on bingxu Zhu Quanzhong was made overall commander of the circuits' armies. In the eleventh month on gengwu suburban sacrifice was divined a third time. On gengchen Huainan military commissioner Yang Xingmi died and his son Wo was made Huainan deputy military commissioner and eastern circuits campaign overall commander. On xinsi Zhu Quanzhong was made Chancellor, oversaw all affairs, and was enfeoffed as Prince of Wei. In the twelfth month on yiwei Quanzhong was made overall commander of the empire's armies and killed Jiang Xuanhui, Fengde Storehouse commissioner Ying Qi, and Chief Provisioner Zhu Jianwu. On guimao Liu Can became Minister of Works. On wushen Zhu Quanzhong killed the empress dowager. On xinhai suburban sacrifice was canceled. On guichou Liu Can was demoted to prefect of Deng. On jiayin Can and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness Zhang Tingfan were executed.

三年正月壬戌，淮南將王茂章以宣、歙二州叛附于錢升。二月，楊渥陷岳州。癸巳，王建陷歸州。四月癸未朔，日有食之。鎮南軍節度使鐘傳卒，其子匡時自稱留後。六月，錢升陷衢、睦二州，刺史陳璋、陳詢奔於淮南。七月，楊渥陷饒州。八月癸未，朱全忠陷相州。九月，楊渥陷洪州，執鐘匡時。乙亥，匡國軍節度使劉知俊陷坊州，執刺史劉彥暉。十月辛巳，楊崇本會鳳翔、涇原、鄜延、秦隴兵以討朱全忠，戰于美原、敗績。十一月，忠國軍節度使高彥卒，其子澧自稱留後。閏十二月戊辰，李克用陷潞州，昭義軍節度使丁會叛附於克用。乙亥，震電，雨雪。

In the first month of the third year on renxu Huainan officer Wang Maozhang surrendered Xuan and She prefectures to Qian Sheng. In the second month Yang Wo took Yuezhou. On guisi Wang Jian took Guizhou. On the first day of the fourth month on guiwei there was a solar eclipse. Zhennan military commissioner Zhong Chuan died and his son Kuangshi declared himself acting commissioner. In the sixth month Qian Sheng took Qu and Mu prefectures and prefects Chen Zhang and Chen Xun fled to Huainan. In the seventh month Yang Wo took Raozhou. In the eighth month on guiwei Zhu Quanzhong took Xiangzhou. In the ninth month Yang Wo took Hongzhou and seized Zhong Kuangshi. On yihai Kuangguo military commissioner Liu Zhijun took Fangzhou and seized prefect Liu Yanhui. In the tenth month on xinsi Yang Chongben joined Fengxiang, Jingyuan, Yanyan, and Qin-Long forces against Zhu Quanzhong, fought at Meiyuan, and was defeated. In the eleventh month Zhongguo military commissioner Gao Yan died and his son Li declared himself acting commissioner. In the intercalary twelfth month on wuchen Li Keyong took Luzhou and Zhaoyi military commissioner Ding Hui rebelled and submitted to Keyong. On yihai there was thunder and lightning with rain and snow.

四年三月，劉守光囚其父仁恭，自稱幽州盧龍軍節度使。四月戊午，錢升陷溫州。甲子，皇帝遜于位，徙于曹州，號濟陰王。梁開平二年二月遇殺，年十七，諡曰哀帝。後唐明宗追諡昭宣光烈孝皇帝，陵曰溫陵。

In the third month of the fourth year Liu Shouguang imprisoned his father Rengong and declared himself Youzhou Lulong military commissioner. In the fourth month on wuwu Qian Sheng took Wenzhou. On jiazi the emperor abdicated, was moved to Caozhou, and styled Prince of Jiyin. In the second month of the second year of Liang Kaiping he was murdered at seventeen; his posthumous title was Emperor Ai. Later Tang Emperor Mingzong posthumously honored him Emperor Zhaoxuan the Bright and Fierce Filial; his tomb was Wenling.

贊曰：自古亡國，未必皆愚庸暴虐之君也。其禍亂之來有漸積，及其大勢巳去，適丁斯時，故雖有智勇，有不能為者矣，可謂真不幸也，昭宗是已。昭宗為人明雋，初亦有志於興復，而外患已成，內無賢佐，頗亦慨然思得非常之材，而用匪其人，徒以益亂。自唐之亡也，其遺毒餘酷，更五代五十餘年，至於天下分裂，大壞極亂而後止。跡其禍亂，其漸積豈一朝一夕哉！

Eulogy: Since antiquity states have fallen not only under foolish, mediocre, or brutal rulers. Calamity and disorder accumulate gradually; when the great momentum is already spent and one meets that moment, even wisdom and courage may avail nothing—true misfortune, as with Zhaozong. Zhaozong was bright and keen and at first wished to restore the dynasty, but external threats had already formed, worthy aides were lacking within, and though he sought extraordinary talent he appointed unfit men and only deepened disorder. From Tang's fall its lingering poison and cruelty persisted through more than fifty years of the Five Dynasties until the realm split and extreme disorder ran its course. Tracing that calamity and disorder—was its gradual accumulation the work of a single morning or evening?

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