1
__FORCETOC__
Table of contents.
2
六曰進熟。 皇帝既升,奠玉、幣。 太官令帥進饌者奉饌,各陳於內壝門外。 謁者引司徒出詣饌所,司徒奉昊天上帝之俎,太官令引饌入門,各至其陛。 祝史俱進,跪,徹毛血之豆,降自東陛以出。 諸太祝迎饌於壇上,司徒、太官令俱降自東陛以出。 又進設外官、眾星之饌。 皇帝詣罍洗,盥手,洗爵,升壇自南陛。 司徒升自東陛,立於尊所。 齋郎奉俎從升,立於司徒後。 皇帝詣上帝尊所,執尊者舉冪,侍中贊酌汎齊,進昊天上帝前,北向跪,奠爵,興,少退,立。 太祝持版進於神右,東向跪,讀祝文曰:「維某年歲次月朔日,嗣天子臣某,敢昭告于昊天上帝。」 皇帝再拜。 詣配帝酒尊所,執尊者舉冪,侍中取爵於坫以進,皇帝受爵,侍中贊酌汎齊,進高祖神堯皇帝前,東向跪,奠,興,少退,立。 太祝持版進於左,北向跪,讀祝文曰:「維某年歲次月朔日,曾孫開元神武皇帝臣某,敢昭告于高祖神堯皇帝。」 皇帝再拜。 進昊天上帝前,北向立。 太祝各以爵酌上尊福酒,合置一爵,太祝持爵授侍中以進,皇帝再拜,受爵,跪,祭酒,啐酒,奠爵,俛伏,興。 太祝各帥齋郎進俎。 太祝減神前胙肉,共置一俎,授司徒以進,皇帝受以授左右。 皇帝跪,取爵,遂飲,卒爵。 侍中進受虛爵,復於坫。 皇帝俛伏,興,再拜,降自南陛,復于位。 文舞出,武舞入。 初,皇帝將復位,謁者引太尉詣罍洗,盥手,洗瓠爵,自東陛升壇,詣昊天上帝著尊所,執尊者舉冪,太尉酌醴齊,進昊天上帝前,北向跪,奠爵,興,再拜。 詣配帝犧尊所,取爵於坫,酌醴齊,進高祖神堯皇帝前,東向跪,奠爵,興,再拜。 進昊天上帝前,北向立。 諸太祝各以爵酌福酒,合置一爵,進于右,西向立。 太尉再拜,受爵,跪,祭酒,遂飲,卒爵。 太祝進受虛爵,復於坫。 太尉再拜,降,復位。 初,太尉獻將畢,謁者引光祿卿詣罍洗,盥手,洗瓠爵,升,酌盎齊。 終獻如亞獻。 太尉將升獻,謁者七人分引五方帝及大明、夜明等獻官,詣罍洗,盥手,洗瓠爵,各由其陛升,酌汎齊,進,跪奠於神前。 初,第一等獻官將升,謁者五人次引獻官各詣罍洗,盥、洗,各由其陛升壇,詣第二等內官酒尊所,酌汎齊以獻。 贊者四人次引獻官詣罍洗,盥、洗,詣外官酒尊所,酌清酒以獻。 贊者四人,次引獻官詣罍洗,盥、洗,詣眾星酒尊所,酌昔酒以獻。 其祝史、齋郎酌酒助奠,皆如內官。 上下諸祝各進,跪徹豆,還尊所。 奉禮郎曰:「賜胙。」 贊者曰:「眾官再拜。」 在位者皆再拜。 太常卿前奏:「請再拜。」 皇帝再拜。 奉禮郎曰:「眾官再拜。」 在位者皆再拜。 樂作一成。 太常卿前奏:「請就望燎位。」 皇帝就位,南向立。 上下諸祝各執篚,取玉、幣、祝版、禮物以上。 齋郎以俎載牲體、稷、黍飯及爵酒,各由其陛降壇,詣柴壇,自南陛登,以幣、祝版、饌物置於柴上。 戶內諸祝又以內官以下禮幣皆從燎。 奉禮郎曰:「可燎。」 東。 西面各六人,以炬燎火。 半柴,太常卿前曰:「禮畢。」 皇帝還大次,出中壝門,殿中監前受鎮珪,以授尚衣奉御,殿中監又前受大珪。 皇帝入次,謁者、贊引各引祀官,通事舍人分引從祀羣官、諸方客使以次出。 贊者引御史、太祝以下俱復執事位。 奉禮郎曰:「再拜。」 御史以下皆再拜,出。 工人、二舞以次出。
Sixth: presenting the cooked offering. Once the emperor has ascended, he presents jade and silks. The Imperial Kitchen Director leads food-bearers with the offerings, each placing them outside the inner enclosure gate. An usher leads the Minister over Masses to the offering station, where he bears the tray for the August Supreme Lord of Heaven; the Imperial Kitchen Director leads the offerings through the gate, each to its proper steps. The invokers advance together, kneel, remove the hair-and-blood beans, and descend the eastern steps to exit. The Chief Invokers receive the offerings on the altar; the Minister over Masses and Imperial Kitchen Director both descend the eastern steps and exit. Offerings for the outer officials and the host of stars are set out next. The emperor goes to the washing urn, washes his hands, rinses the goblet, and ascends the altar by the southern steps. The Minister over Masses ascends the eastern steps and stands at the vessel position. Purification youths bearing trays follow him up and stand behind the Minister over Masses. The emperor goes to the Supreme Lord's vessel position; the attendant raises the cover; the Palace Attendant intones as he pours the first libation. He advances before the August Supreme Lord of Heaven, kneels facing north, sets down the goblet, rises, steps back slightly, and stands. The Chief Invoker advances with the prayer board to the spirit's right, kneels facing east, and reads: "In the year ___, on the ___ day of the first month, the heir Son of Heaven, your subject ___, ventures to announce to the August Supreme Lord of Heaven." The emperor bows twice. He goes to the associated deity's wine vessel; the attendant raises the cover; the Palace Attendant takes a goblet from the stand and presents it. The emperor receives it; the Palace Attendant intones as he pours the first libation and advances before Emperor Gaozu the Divine Progenitor. He kneels facing east, presents the offering, rises, steps back slightly, and stands. The Chief Invoker advances with the board to the left, kneels facing north, and reads: "In the year ___, on the ___ day of the first month, the great-grandson, the Kaiyuan Divine Martial Emperor, your subject ___, ventures to announce to Emperor Gaozu the Divine Progenitor." The emperor bows twice again. He advances before the August Supreme Lord of Heaven and stands facing north. Each Chief Invoker pours blessed wine from the upper vessel; they combine it in one goblet; the Chief Invoker gives it to the Palace Attendant to present. The emperor bows twice, receives the goblet, kneels, offers a libation, sips the wine, sets down the goblet, prostrates, and rises. Each Chief Invoker leads purification youths forward with the trays. The Chief Invokers cut the sacrificial flesh before the spirits, place it on one tray, and present it through the Minister over Masses; the emperor receives it and hands it to his attendants. The emperor kneels, takes the goblet, drinks, and finishes it. The Palace Attendant receives the empty goblet and returns it to the stand. The emperor prostrates, rises, bows twice, descends the southern steps, and returns to his place. The civil dance exits and the military dance enters. When the emperor is about to return to his position, an usher leads the Grand Commandant to the washing urn. He washes his hands, rinses the gourd goblet, ascends by the eastern steps, and goes to the August Supreme Lord of Heaven's sacrificial vessel. The attendant raises the cover; the Grand Commandant pours the second libation, advances before the August Supreme Lord of Heaven, kneels facing north, sets down the goblet, rises, and bows twice. He goes to the associated deity's sacrificial vessel, takes a goblet from the stand, pours the second libation, advances before Emperor Gaozu the Divine Progenitor, kneels facing east, sets down the goblet, rises, and bows twice. He again advances before the August Supreme Lord of Heaven and stands facing north. Each Chief Invoker pours blessed wine into one goblet, advances it to the right, and stands facing west. The Grand Commandant bows twice, receives the goblet, kneels, offers a libation, drinks, and finishes it. The Chief Invoker receives the empty goblet and returns it to the stand. The Grand Commandant bows twice, descends, and returns to his station. When the Grand Commandant's offering is nearly complete, an usher leads the Director of the Imperial Household to the washing urn. He washes his hands, rinses the gourd goblet, ascends, and pours the third libation. The final offering follows the same procedure as the secondary offering. When the Grand Commandant is about to offer, seven ushers lead the offering officers for the Five Directional Emperors, the Bright Luminary, the Night Luminary, and the like to the washing urn. They wash their hands, rinse gourd goblets, ascend by their respective steps, pour the first libation, advance, kneel, and set offerings before the spirits. When first-rank offering officers are about to ascend, five ushers in succession lead each to the washing urn. Each ascends by his steps to the second-rank inner officials' wine vessels and pours the first libation as an offering. Four presenters in succession lead offering officers to wash, then to the outer officials' wine vessels to pour clear wine as offerings. Four presenters next lead offering officers to wash, then to the host of stars' wine vessels to pour aged wine as offerings. Invokers and purification youths who pour wine to assist in presentation follow the same procedure as the inner officials. Invokers above and below advance, kneel, remove the beans, and return to the vessel positions. The Master of Ceremonies announces: "Bestow the sacrificial flesh." The presenter announces: "All officials bow twice." Everyone in position bows twice. The Director of Imperial Sacrifices advances and announces: "Please bow twice." The emperor bows twice. The Master of Ceremonies announces: "All officials bow twice." Everyone in position bows twice. One movement of music is performed. The Director of Imperial Sacrifices advances and announces: "Please take the position for gazing at the fire-offering." The emperor takes position and stands facing south. Invokers above and below each take baskets, gather jade, silks, prayer boards, and ritual gifts, and ascend. Purification youths load trays with victim portions, millet and glutinous rice, and goblets of wine. Each descends by his steps, goes to the firewood altar, ascends the southern steps, and places silks, prayer boards, and offerings on the firewood. Inner-chamber invokers also send ritual silks for inner officials and below to be burned together. The Master of Ceremonies announces: "The fire may be lit." On the east and and west sides, six persons each light the fire with torches. When half the firewood is consumed, the Director of Imperial Sacrifices advances and says: "The rite is complete." The emperor returns to the great tent and exits the middle enclosure gate. The Palace Director receives the securing tablet and hands it to the Imperial Wardrobe Attendant, then receives the great tablet. The emperor enters the tent. Ushers and presenters lead the sacrifice officers; the Communications Officer leads attending officials, those accompanying the sacrifice, and regional envoys out in order. The presenter leads censors, Chief Invokers, and those below back to their service positions. The Master of Ceremonies announces: "Bow twice." Censors and below all bow twice and exit. Craftsmen and the two dances leave in order.
3
若宗廟,曰饋食。 皇帝既升,祼,太官令出,帥進饌者奉饌,陳於東門之外,西向南上。 謁者引司徒出,詣饌所,司徒奉獻祖之俎。 太官引饌入自正門,至於太階。 祝史俱進,徹毛血之豆,降自阼階以出。 諸太祝迎饌於階上設之,乃取蕭、稷、黍擩於脂,燔於爐。 太常卿引皇帝詣罍洗,盥手,洗爵,升自阼階,詣獻祖尊彝所,執尊者舉冪,侍中贊酌汎齊,進獻祖前,北向跪,奠爵。 又詣尊所,侍中取爵於坫以進,酌汎齊,進神前,北向跪,奠爵,退立。 太祝持版進於神右,東面跪,讀祝文曰:「維某年歲次月朔日,孝曾孫開元神武皇帝某,敢昭告于獻祖宣皇帝、祖妣宣莊皇后張氏。」 皇帝再拜,又再拜。 奠,詣懿祖尊彝,酌汎齊,進神前,南向跪,奠爵,少西,俛伏,興。 又酌汎齊,進神前,南向跪,爵,少東,退立。 祝史西面跪,讀祝文。 皇帝再拜,又再拜。 次奠太祖、代祖、高祖、太宗、高宗、中宗、睿宗,皆如懿祖。 乃詣東序,西向立。 司徒升自阼階,立於前楹間,北面東上。 諸太祝各以爵酌上尊福酒,合置一爵,太祝持爵授侍中以進。 皇帝再拜,受爵,跪,祭酒,啐酒,奠爵,俛伏,興。 諸太祝各帥齋郎進俎,太祝減神前三牲胙肉,共置一俎上,以黍、稷飯共置一籩,授司徒以進; 太祝又以胙肉授司徒以進。 皇帝每受,以授左右,乃跪取爵,飲,卒爵。 侍中進受虛爵,以授太祝,復於坫。 皇帝降自阼階,復于版位。 文舞出,武舞入。 初,皇帝將復位,太尉詣罍洗,盥手,洗爵,升自阼階,詣獻祖尊彝所,酌醴齊進神前,北向跪,奠爵; 少東,興,再拜。 又取爵於坫,酌醴齊進神前,北向跪,奠爵; 少西,北向再拜。 次奠懿祖、太祖、代祖、高祖、太宗、高宗、中宗、睿宗如獻祖。 乃詣東序,西向立。 諸太祝各以爵酌福酒,合置一爵,太祝持爵進於左,北向立。 太尉再拜受爵,跪,祭酒,遂飲,卒爵。 太祝進受爵,復於坫。 太尉興,再拜,復于位。 初,太尉獻將畢,謁者引光祿卿詣罍洗,盥、洗,升,酌盎齊。 終獻如亞獻。 諸太祝各進,徹豆,還尊所。 奉禮郎曰:「賜胙。」 贊者曰:「眾官再拜。」 在位者皆再拜。 太常卿前奏:「請再拜。」 皇帝再拜。 奉禮郎曰:「眾官再拜。」 在位者皆再拜。 樂一成止。 太常卿前曰:「禮畢。」 皇帝出門,殿中監前受鎮珪。 通事舍人、謁者、贊引各引享官、九廟子孫及從享羣官、諸方客使以次出。 贊引引御史、太祝以下俱復執事位。 奉禮郎曰:「再拜。」 御史以下皆再拜以出。 工人、二舞以次出。 太廟令與太祝、宮闈令帥腰輿升,納神主。 其祝版燔於齋坊。
At the ancestral temple, this stage is called presenting food. After the emperor has ascended and performed the libation, the Imperial Kitchen Director leads food-bearers with offerings, arrayed outside the eastern gate, facing west with south ascending priority. An usher leads the Minister over Masses to the offering station, where he bears the tray for the Offering Ancestor. The Imperial Kitchen Director leads the offerings in through the main gate to the great steps. The invokers advance together, remove the hair-and-blood beans, and descend the eastern steps to exit. The Chief Invokers receive the offerings on the steps and set them out, then take artemisia, millet, and glutinous millet, knead them in fat, and burn them on the furnace. The Director of Imperial Sacrifices leads the emperor to the washing urn. He washes his hands, rinses the goblet, ascends the eastern steps, and goes to the Offering Ancestor's ritual vessel. The attendant raises the cover; the Palace Attendant intones as he pours the first libation and advances before the Offering Ancestor. He kneels facing north and sets down the goblet. He again goes to the vessel position; the Palace Attendant takes a goblet from the stand, pours the first libation, advances before the spirit, kneels facing north, sets down the goblet, and withdraws to stand. The Chief Invoker advances with the board to the spirit's right, kneels facing east, and reads: "In the year ___, on the ___ day of the first month, the filial great-grandson, the Kaiyuan Divine Martial Emperor ___, ventures to announce to the Offering Ancestor Emperor Xuan and the ancestress Empress Xuanzhuang of the Zhang clan." The emperor bows twice, then twice again. Having presented the offering, he goes to the Accomplished Ancestor's ritual vessel, pours the first libation, advances before the spirit, kneels facing south, sets down the goblet slightly to the west, prostrates, and rises. He again pours the first libation, advances before the spirit, kneels facing south, sets down the goblet slightly to the east, and withdraws to stand. The invoker kneels facing west and reads the prayer. The emperor bows twice, then twice again. Next he presents offerings to the Great Ancestor, Replaced Ancestor, High Ancestor, Taizong, Gaozong, Zhongzong, and Ruizong, all following the Accomplished Ancestor's procedure. He then goes to the eastern sequence and stands facing west. The Minister over Masses ascends the eastern steps and stands between the front pillars, facing north with east ascending priority. Each Chief Invoker pours blessed wine from the upper vessel into one goblet; the Chief Invoker gives it to the Palace Attendant to present. The emperor bows twice, receives the goblet, kneels, offers a libation, sips the wine, sets down the goblet, prostrates, and rises. Each Chief Invoker leads purification youths to advance the trays. The Chief Invokers cut the three-sacrifice flesh before the spirits, place it on one tray, place millet and glutinous rice together on one bian, and present them through the Minister over Masses; the Chief Invoker again presents sacrificial flesh through the Minister over Masses. Each time the emperor receives an offering he hands it to his attendants, then kneels, takes the goblet, drinks, and finishes it. The Palace Attendant receives the empty goblet and hands it to the Chief Invoker, who returns it to the stand. The emperor descends the eastern steps and returns to his position at the spirit tablet. The civil dance exits and the military dance enters. When the emperor is about to return to his position, the Grand Commandant goes to the washing urn, washes his hands, rinses the goblet, ascends the eastern steps, and goes to the Offering Ancestor's ritual vessel. He pours the second libation, advances before the spirit, kneels facing north, and sets down the goblet; slightly to the east, rises, and bows twice. He again takes a goblet from the stand, pours the second libation, advances before the spirit, kneels facing north, and sets down the goblet; slightly to the west, and bows twice facing north. Next he presents offerings to the Accomplished Ancestor, Great Ancestor, Replaced Ancestor, High Ancestor, Taizong, Gaozong, Zhongzong, and Ruizong as at the Offering Ancestor. He then goes to the eastern sequence and stands facing west. Each Chief Invoker pours blessed wine into one goblet; the Chief Invoker advances with it to the left and stands facing north. The Grand Commandant bows twice, receives the goblet, kneels, offers a libation, drinks, and finishes it. The Chief Invoker receives the goblet and returns it to the stand. The Grand Commandant rises, bows twice, and returns to his station. When the Grand Commandant's offering is nearly complete, an usher leads the Director of the Imperial Household to wash, ascend, and pour the third libation. The final offering follows the same procedure as the secondary offering. Each Chief Invoker advances, removes the beans, and returns to the vessel position. The Master of Ceremonies says: "Bestow the sacrificial flesh." The presenter says: "All officials bow twice." All those in position bow twice. The Director of Imperial Sacrifices advances and announces: "Please bow twice." The emperor bows twice. The Master of Ceremonies says: "All officials bow twice." All those in position bow twice. When one movement of music is complete, it stops. The Director of Imperial Sacrifices advances and says: "The rite is complete." The emperor exits the gate; the Palace Director receives the securing tablet. The Communications Officer, ushers, and presenters lead sacrifice officers, descendants of the nine temples, those accompanying the sacrifice, and regional envoys out in order. The presenter leads censors, Chief Invokers, and those below back to their service positions. The Master of Ceremonies says: "Bow twice." Censors and below all bow twice as they exit. Craftsmen and the two dances leave in order. The Director of the Imperial Ancestral Temple, with Chief Invokers and the Director of the Palace Inner Gates, lead the litter up and return the spirit tablets. The prayer boards are burned in the purification lodge.
4
七祀,各因其時享:司命、戶以春,竈以夏,中霤以季夏土王之日,門、厲以秋,行以冬。 時享之日,太廟令布神席于廟庭西門之內道南,東向北上; 設酒尊于東南,罍洗又於東南。 太廟令、良醞令實尊篚,太官丞引饌,光祿卿升,終獻,獻官乃即事,一獻而止。
The seven sacrifices are each offered in season: Director of Fate and Door in spring, Stove in summer, Central Court on the day when Earth is king in late summer, Gate and Pestilence in autumn, and Travel in winter. On the day of the seasonal offering, the Director of the Imperial Ancestral Temple spreads spirit mats in the temple courtyard inside the western gate on the southern path, east-facing with north ascending priority; Wine vessels are set in the southeast, with the washing urn again in the southeast. The Director of the Imperial Ancestral Temple and Director of Fine Wine fill vessels and baskets; the Imperial Kitchen Assistant leads offerings; the Director of the Imperial Household ascends for the final offering; offering officers then take up their duties with a single offering only.
5
其配享功臣,各位於其廟室太階之東,少南西向,以北為上。 壺尊二於座左,設洗於終獻洗東南,北向。 以太官令奉饌,廟享已亞獻,然後獻官即事,而助奠者分奠,一獻而止。
Meritorious ministers who share in the sacrifice stand east of the great steps of their temple chamber, slightly to the south, facing west, with north as ascending priority. Two jar vessels are placed to the left of the seat; a washing station is set southeast of the final-offering washing station, facing north. The Imperial Kitchen Director presents offerings. After the temple sacrifice reaches the secondary offering, the offering officer takes up his duties, assistants present offerings separately, and only one offering is made.
6
此冬至祀昊天上帝于圓丘、孟冬祫于太廟之禮,在乎壇壝、宗廟之間,禮盛而物備者莫過乎此也。 其壇堂之上下、壝門之內外、次位之尊卑與其向立之方、出入降登之節,大抵可推而見,其盛且備者如此,則其小且略者又可推而知也。
These are the rites for sacrificing to the August Supreme Lord of Heaven at the Round Mound at the winter solstice and the collective offering at the Imperial Ancestral Temple in early winter—among affairs between altar enclosures and ancestral temples, none surpasses these in ritual grandeur and completeness of installations. The precedence above and below the altar hall, inside and outside the enclosure gates, the honor of secondary positions, the directions in which participants stand, and the stages of entering, exiting, ascending, and descending can largely be inferred; when the grand and complete are thus laid out, the lesser and abbreviated may also be inferred.
7
至於壇埳、神位、尊爵、玉幣、籩豆、簋簠、牲牢、冊祝之數皆略依古。
The numbers of altar pits, spirit positions, vessels and goblets, jade and silks, bian and dou, gui and fu, victims, and prayer boards all broadly follow antiquity.
8
四成,而成高八尺一寸,下成廣二十丈,而五減之,至于五丈,而十有二陛者,圓丘也。 八觚三成,成高四尺,上廣十有六步,設八陛,上陛廣八尺,中陛一丈,下陛丈有二尺者,方丘也。 高、廣皆四丈者,神州之壇也。 其廣皆四丈,而高八尺者青帝、七尺者赤帝、五尺者黃帝、九尺者白帝、六尺者黑帝之壇也。 廣四丈,高八尺者,朝日之壇也。 為坎深三尺,縱廣四丈,壇於其中,高一尺,方廣四丈者,夕月之壇也。 廣五丈,以五土為之者,社稷之壇也。 高尺,廣丈,蜡壇也。 高五尺,周四十步者,先農、先蠶之壇也。 其高皆三尺,廣皆丈者,小祀之壇也。 嶽鎮、海瀆祭於其廟,無廟則為之壇於坎,廣一丈,四向為陛者,海瀆之壇也。 廣二丈五尺,高三尺,四出陛者,古帝王之壇也。 廣一丈,高一丈二尺,戶方六尺者,大祀之燎壇也。 廣八尺,高一丈,戶方三尺者,中祀之燎壇也。 廣五尺,戶方二尺者,小祀之燎壇也。 皆開上南出。 瘞坎皆在內壝之外壬地,南出陛,方深足容物。 此壇埳之制也。
Four tiers, each eight feet one inch high, the lower tier twenty zhang wide and reduced by a fifth down to five zhang, with twelve steps—that is the Round Mound. Eight-faceted and three-tiered, each tier four feet high, the upper sixteen paces wide with eight steps—the upper steps eight feet wide, the middle ten feet, the lower twelve feet—that is the Square Mound. Four zhang high and four zhang wide—that is the altar of the Spirit Land. All four zhang wide: eight feet high for the Green Emperor, seven for the Red, five for the Yellow, nine for the White, six for the Black—the altars of the Five Directional Emperors. Four zhang wide and eight feet high—that is the altar for the morning sun. A pit three feet deep, four zhang long and wide, with an altar one foot high and four zhang square within—that is the altar for the evening moon. Five zhang wide, made of the five soils—the altars of soil and grain. One foot high and one zhang wide—the wax altar. Five feet high and forty paces around—the altars of the First Farmer and First Silkworm. All three feet high and one zhang wide—the altars of minor sacrifices. Mountains, garrisons, seas, and rivers are sacrificed at their temples; where there is no temple, an altar is made in a pit one zhang wide with steps on four sides—the altar for seas and rivers. Two zhang five feet wide, three feet high, with steps on four sides—the altars of ancient emperors. One zhang wide, twelve feet high, with a doorway six feet square—the fire altar for great sacrifices. Eight feet wide, ten feet high, with a doorway three feet square—the fire altar for middle sacrifices. Five feet wide, with a doorway two feet square—the fire altar for minor sacrifices. All open at the top, with the opening facing south. Burial pits are all outside the inner enclosure in the ren position, with steps facing south, square and deep enough to hold the offerings. These are the regulations governing altar pits.
9
冬至祀昊天上帝於圓丘,以高祖神堯皇帝配。 東方青帝靈威仰、南方赤帝赤熛怒、中央黃帝含樞紐、西方白帝白招拒、北方黑帝汁光紀及大明、夜明在壇之第一等。 天皇大帝、北辰、北斗、天一、太一、紫微五帝座,並差在行位前。 餘內官諸坐及五星、十二辰、河漢四十九坐,在第二等十有二陛之間。 中官、市垣、帝座、七公、日星、帝席、大角、攝提、太微、五帝、太子、明堂、軒轅、三台、五車、諸王、月星、織女、建星、天紀十七座及二十八宿,差在前列。 其餘中官一百四十二座皆在第三等十二陛之間。 外官一百五在內壝之內,眾星三百六十在內壝之外。 正月上辛祈穀祀昊天上帝,以高祖神堯皇帝配,五帝在四方之陛。 孟夏雩祀昊天上帝,以太宗文武聖皇帝配,五方帝在第一等,五帝在第二等,五官在壇下之東南。 季秋祀昊天上帝,以睿宗大聖真皇帝配,五方帝在五室,五帝各在其左,五官在庭,各依其方。 立春祀青帝,以太皥氏配,歲星、三辰在壇下之東北,七宿在西北,句芒在東南。 立夏祀赤帝,以神農氏配,熒惑、三辰、七宿、祝融氏之位如青帝。 季夏土王之日祀黃帝,以軒轅氏配,鎮星、后土氏之位如赤帝。 立秋祀白帝,以少昊氏配,太白、三辰、七宿、蓐收之位如赤帝。 立冬祀黑帝,以顓頊氏配,辰星、三辰、七宿、玄冥氏之位如白帝。 蜡祭百神,大明、夜明在壇上,神農、伊耆各在其壇上,后稷在壇東,五官、田畯各在其方,五星、十二次、二十八宿、五方之岳鎮、海瀆、山林、川澤、丘陵、墳衍、原隰、井泉各在其方之壇,龍、麟、朱鳥、騶虞、玄武、鱗、羽、臝、毛、介、水墉、坊、郵表畷、於菟、貓各在其方壇之後。 夏至祭皇地祇,以高祖配,五方之岳鎮、海瀆、原隰、丘陵、墳衍在內壝之內,各居其方,而中岳以下在西南。 孟冬祭神州地祇,以太宗配。 社以后土,稷以后稷配。 吉亥祭神農,以后稷配,而朝日、夕月無配。 席,尊者以槀秸,卑者以莞。 此神位之序也。
At the winter solstice the August Supreme Lord of Heaven is sacrificed to at the Round Mound, with Emperor Gaozu the Divine Progenitor as associated deity. The Green Emperor of the East, Spiritual Might and Regard; the Red Emperor of the South, Red Blaze and Wrath; the Yellow Emperor of the Center, Holding the Pivot; the White Emperor of the West, White Summons and Rejection; the Black Emperor of the North, Juice of Light and Record; together with the Bright Luminary and Night Luminary on the altar's first tier. The Celestial Emperor, North Star, Big Dipper, Celestial One, Supreme One, and the Five Emperors' seats of Purple Tenuity are each ranked before the Travel position. The remaining inner-official seats, the Five Stars, twelve chronograms, and forty-nine seats of the River Han are on the second tier among the twelve steps. Central Palace, Market Enclosure, Imperial Seat, Seven Dukes, Sun Star, Imperial Couch, Great Horn, Sombre Establishment, Supreme Palace, Five Emperors, Crown Prince, Bright Hall, Chariot Axis, Three Terraces, Five Chariots, Various Kings, Moon Star, Weaver Girl, Establishment Star, Celestial Record—seventeen seats and the twenty-eight lodges—are ranked in the front row. The remaining one hundred forty-two central-official seats are all on the third tier among the twelve steps. One hundred five outer officials are within the inner enclosure; three hundred sixty host stars are outside it. On the first upper day of the first month, prayer for grain sacrifices to the August Supreme Lord of Heaven, with Emperor Gaozu as associated deity; the Five Emperors stand on the steps of the four directions. In the first month of summer, rain sacrifice to the August Supreme Lord of Heaven, with Taizong the Civil and Martial Sagely Emperor as associated deity; the Five Directional Emperors on the first tier, the Five Emperors on the second, the Five Officials southeast below the altar. In the last month of autumn, sacrifice to the August Supreme Lord of Heaven, with Ruizong the Great Sagely True Emperor as associated deity; the Five Directional Emperors in the five chambers, each Five Emperor to his left, the Five Officials in the courtyard each according to his direction. At the beginning of spring, sacrifice to the Green Emperor, with the Great Bright One as associated deity; the Year Star and three chronograms below the altar in the northeast, seven lodges in the northwest, Goumang in the southeast. At the beginning of summer, sacrifice to the Red Emperor, with the Divine Farmer as associated deity; Sparkling Deluder, three chronograms, seven lodges, and Zhurong are positioned as for the Green Emperor. On the day when Earth is king in late summer, sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor, with the Chariot Axis clan as associated deity; the Queller Star and Queen Earth are positioned as for the Red Emperor. At the beginning of autumn, sacrifice to the White Emperor, with the Lesser Bright One as associated deity; Great White, three chronograms, seven lodges, and Rushou are positioned as for the Red Emperor. At the beginning of winter, sacrifice to the Black Emperor, with Zhuanxu as associated deity; Chronogram Star, three chronograms, seven lodges, and Dark Ming are positioned as for the White Emperor. At the wax sacrifice to the hundred spirits, the Bright Luminary and Night Luminary are on the altar; the Divine Farmer and Yiyi each on his altar; Houji east of the altar; the Five Officials and field directors each in his direction; the Five Stars, twelve chronograms, twenty-eight lodges, directional mountains and garrisons, seas and rivers, mountains, forests, rivers, marshes, hills, mounds, plains, wetlands, and wells and springs each on altars in his direction; dragon, unicorn, vermilion bird, zouyu, dark warrior, scaled, feathered, naked, furred, shelled, water embankments, wards, postal markers, watch huts, yutu, and cat each behind altars in his direction. At the summer solstice, sacrifice to the August Earth Lord, with the High Ancestor as associated deity; directional mountains and garrisons, seas and rivers, plains, wetlands, hills, mounds, and plains and marshes are within the inner enclosure each in his direction, while below the central mountain they are in the southwest. In the first month of winter, sacrifice to the Spirit Land of the Realm, with Taizong as associated deity. The altar of soil is associated with Queen Earth; the altar of grain with Houji. On the auspicious twelfth-month day, sacrifice to the Divine Farmer, with Houji as associated deity; the morning sun and evening moon have no associated deity. For seating, the honored use straw mats; the humble use sedge. This is how spirit positions are ordered.
10
以太尊實汎齊,著尊實醴齊,犧尊實盎齊,山罍實酒,皆二; 以象尊實醍齊,壺尊實沈齊,皆二; 山罍實酒四:以祀昊天上帝、皇地祇、神州地祇。 以著尊實汎齊,犧尊實醴齊,象尊實盎齊,山罍實酒,皆二,以祀配帝。 以著尊二實醴齊,以祀內官。 以犧尊二實盎齊,以祀中官。 以象尊二實醍齊,以祀外官。 以壺尊二實昔酒,以祀眾星、日、月。 以上皆有坫。 迎氣,五方帝、五人帝以六尊,惟山罍皆減上帝之半。 五方帝大享於明堂,太尊、著尊、犧尊、山罍各二。 五方帝從祀於圓丘,以太尊實汎齊,皆二。 五人帝從享於明堂,以著尊實醴齊,皆二。 日、月,以太尊實醴齊,著尊實盎齊,皆二,以山罍實酒一。 從祀於圓丘,以太尊二實汎齊。 神州地祇從祀於方丘,以太尊二實汎齊。 五官、五星、三辰、后稷,以象尊實醍齊; 七宿,以壺尊實沈齊,皆二。 蜡祭,神農、伊耆氏,以著尊皆二實盎齊。 田畯、龍、麟、朱鳥、騶虞、玄武,以壺尊實沈齊。 麟、羽、臝、毛、介、丘陵、墳衍、原隰、井泉、水墉、坊、郵表畷、虎、貓、昆蟲,以散尊實清酒,皆二。 嶽鎮、海瀆,以山尊實醍齊。 山、川、林、澤,以蜃尊實沈齊,皆二。 伊耆氏以上皆有坫。 太社,以太罍實醍齊,著尊實盎齊,皆二; 山罍一。 太稷,后稷氏亦如之。 其餘中祀,皆以犧尊實醍齊,象尊實盎齊,山罍實酒,皆二。 小祀,皆以象尊二實醍齊。 宗廟祫享,室以斝彝實明水,黃彝實鬯,皆一; 犧尊實汎齊,象尊實醴齊,著尊實盎齊,山罍實酒,皆二。 設堂上。 壺尊實醍齊,大尊實沈齊,山罍實酒,皆二。 設堂下。 禘享,雞彝、鳥彝一。 時享,春、夏室以雞彝、鳥彝一,秋、冬以斝彝、黃彝一,皆有坫。 七祀及功臣配享,以壺尊二實醍齊。 別廟之享,春、夏以雞彝實明水,鳥彝實鬯,皆一; 犧尊實醴齊,象尊實盎齊,山罍實酒,皆二。 秋、冬以斝彝、黃彝,皆一; 著尊、壺尊、山罍皆二。 太子之廟,以犧尊實醴齊,象尊實盎齊,山罍實酒,皆二。 凡祀,五齊之上尊,必皆實明水; 山罍之上尊,必皆實明酒; 小祀之上尊,亦實明水。 此尊爵之數也。
The great vessel holds the first libation, the sacrificial vessel the second, the offering vessel the third, mountain urns wine—two each; the image vessel the fourth libation, jar vessels the fifth—two each; mountain urns with wine, four—for sacrificing to the August Supreme Lord of Heaven, August Earth Lord, and Spirit Land of the Realm. Sacrificial vessel with first libation, offering vessel with second, image vessel with third, mountain urns with wine—two each—for associated deities. Two sacrificial vessels filled with the second libation—for inner officials. Two offering vessels filled with the third libation—for central officials. Two image vessels filled with the fourth libation—for outer officials. Two jar vessels filled with aged wine—for the host of stars, sun, and moon. All of the above have stands beneath them. For receiving the qi, the Five Directional Emperors and Five Human Emperors use six vessels; only the mountain urns are half those for the Supreme Lord. When the Five Directional Emperors receive great sacrifice in the Bright Hall, great vessel, sacrificial vessel, offering vessel, and mountain urn—two each. When the Five Directional Emperors accompany sacrifice at the Round Mound, the great vessel holds the first libation—two each. When the Five Human Emperors share sacrifice at the Bright Hall, the sacrificial vessel holds the second libation—two each. For sun and moon, the great vessel holds the second libation, the sacrificial vessel the third—two each—with one mountain urn of wine. When accompanying sacrifice at the Round Mound, two great vessels filled with the first libation. When the Spirit Land of the Realm accompanies sacrifice at the Square Mound, two great vessels filled with the first libation. The Five Officials, Five Stars, three chronograms, and Houji—the image vessel holds the fourth libation; the seven lodges—the jar vessel holds the fifth libation—two each. At the wax sacrifice, the Divine Farmer and Yiyi clan—two sacrificial vessels each filled with the third libation. Field director, dragon, unicorn, vermilion bird, zouyu, and dark warrior—the jar vessel holds the fifth libation. Unicorn, feathered, naked, furred, shelled, hills, mounds, plains, wetlands, wells and springs, water embankments, wards, postal markers, tiger, cat, and insects—the scattered vessel with clear wine, two each. Mountains, garrisons, seas, and rivers—the mountain vessel holds the fourth libation. Mountains, rivers, forests, and marshes—the clam vessel holds the fifth libation—two each. Yiyi clan and above all have stands. The Great Altar of Soil, the great urn with fourth libation, sacrificial vessel with third—two each; one mountain urn. The Great Altar of Grain and the Houji clan follow the same rule. Remaining middle sacrifices all use the offering vessel with fourth libation, image vessel with third, and mountain urns with wine—two each. Minor sacrifices all use two image vessels filled with the fourth libation. At the collective offering in the ancestral temple, each chamber: jia and yi with clear water, yellow yi with fragrant ale—one each; offering vessel with first libation, image vessel with second, sacrificial vessel with third, mountain urn with wine—two each. These are set above in the hall. Jar vessel with fourth libation, great vessel with fifth, mountain urn with wine—two each. These are set below in the hall. At the special offering, chicken yi and bird yi—one each. At seasonal offerings, spring and summer chambers use chicken yi and bird yi—one each; autumn and winter use jia yi and yellow yi—one each—all with stands. The seven sacrifices and meritorious ministers who share in sacrifice use two jar vessels filled with the fourth libation. At offerings in separate temples, spring and summer: chicken yi with clear water, bird yi with fragrant ale—one each; offering vessel with second libation, image vessel with third, mountain urn with wine—two each. Autumn and winter: jia yi and yellow yi—one each; sacrificial vessel, jar vessel, and mountain urn—two each. The crown prince's temple: offering vessel with second libation, image vessel with third, mountain urn with wine—two each. For all sacrifices, the upper vessel among the five libations must be filled with clear water; the upper vessel among mountain urns must be filled with clear wine; the upper vessel for minor sacrifices also uses clear water. These are the prescribed numbers of vessels and goblets.
11
冬至,祀昊天上帝以蒼璧。 上辛,明堂以四圭有邸,與配帝之幣皆以蒼,內官以下幣如方色。 皇地祇以黃琮,與配帝之幣皆以黃。 青帝以青圭,赤帝以赤璋,黃帝以黃琮,白帝以白琥,黑帝以黑璜; 幣如其玉。 日以圭、璧,幣以青; 月以圭、璧,幣以白。 神州、社、稷以兩圭有邸,幣以黑; 嶽鎮、海瀆以兩圭有邸,幣如其方色。 神農之幣以赤,伊耆以黑,五星以方色,先農之幣以青,先蠶之幣以黑,配坐皆如之。 它祀幣皆以白,其長丈八尺。 此玉、幣之制也。
At the winter solstice, sacrifice to the August Supreme Lord of Heaven with the dark-green disc. On the first upper day, the Bright Hall uses the four gui with base; silks for associated deities are all green; silks for inner officials and below follow their directional colors. The August Earth Lord uses the yellow cong; silks for associated deities are all yellow. The Green Emperor uses the green gui, Red Emperor the red zhang, Yellow Emperor the yellow cong, White Emperor the white hu, Black Emperor the black huang; silks match their jades. The sun uses gui and bi; silks are green; the moon uses gui and bi; silks are white. The Spirit Land and altars of soil and grain use paired gui with base; silks are black; mountains, garrisons, seas, and rivers use paired gui with base; silks match their directional colors. Silks for the Divine Farmer are red, Yiyi black, Five Stars their directional colors, First Farmer green, First Silkworm black; associated seats follow the same rule. Silks for other sacrifices are all white, eight feet one inch long. These are the regulations governing jade and silks.
12
冬至祀圓丘,昊天上帝、配帝,籩十二、豆十二、簋一、簠一、㽅一、俎一。 五方上帝、大明、夜明,籩八、豆八、簋一、簠一、㽅一、俎一。 五星、十二辰、河漢及內官、中官,籩二、豆二、簋一、簠一、俎一。 外官眾星,籩、豆、簋、簠、俎各一。 正月上辛,祈穀圓丘,昊天、配帝、五方帝,如冬至。 孟夏雩祀圓丘,昊天、配帝、五方帝,如冬至。 五人帝,籩四、豆四、簋一、簠一、俎一。 五官,籩二、豆二、簋一、簠一、俎一。 季秋大享明堂,如雩祀。 立春祀青帝及太昊氏,籩豆皆十二、簋一、簠一、㽅一、俎一。 歲星、三辰、句芒、七宿,籩二、豆二、簋一、簠一、俎一。 其赤帝、黃帝、白帝、黑帝皆如之。 䄍祭百神,大明、夜明,籩十、豆十、簋一、簠一、㽅一、俎一。 神農、伊耆,籩、豆各四,簋、簠、㽅、俎各一。 五星、十二辰、后稷、五方田畯、岳鎮、海瀆、二十八宿、五方山林川澤,籩、豆各二,簋、簠、俎各一。 丘陵、墳衍、原隰、龍、麟、朱鳥、白虎、玄武、鱗、羽、毛、介、於菟等,籩、豆各一,簋、簠、俎各一。 又井泉,籩、豆各一,簋、簠、俎各一。 春分朝日,秋分夕月,籩十、豆十、簋一、簠一、㽅一、俎一。 四時祭風師、雨師、靈星、司中、司命、司人、司祿,籩八、豆八、簋一、簠一、俎一。 夏至祭方丘,皇地祇及配帝,籩豆皆十二、簋一、簠一、㽅一、俎一。 神州,籩四、豆四、簋一、簠一、㽅一、俎一。 其五岳、四鎮、四海、四瀆及五方山川林澤,籩二、豆二,簋、簠、俎各一。 孟冬祭神州及配帝,籩豆皆十二、簋一、簠一、㽅一、俎一。 春、秋祭太社、太稷及配坐,籩豆皆十、簋二、簠二、鈃三、俎三。 四時祭馬祖、馬社、先牧、馬步,籩豆皆八、簋一、簠一、俎一。 時享太廟,每室籩豆皆十二、簋二、簠二、㽅三、鈃三、俎三。 七祀,籩二、豆二、簋二、簠二、俎一。 祫享、功臣配享,如七祀。 孟春祭帝社及配坐,籩豆皆十、簋二、簠二、㽅三、鈃三、俎三。 季春祭先蠶,籩豆皆十、簋二、簠二、㽅三、鈃三、俎三。 孟冬祭司寒,籩豆皆八、簋一、簠一、俎一。 春、秋釋奠於孔宣父,先聖、先師,籩十、豆十、簋二、簠二、㽅三、鈃三、俎三; 若從祀,籩豆皆二、簋一、簠一、俎一。 春、秋釋奠於齊太公、留侯,籩豆皆十、簋二、簠二、㽅三、鈃三、俎三。 仲春祭五龍,籩豆皆八、簋一、簠一、俎一。 四時祭五岳、四鎮、四海、四瀆,各籩豆十、簋二、簠二、俎三。 三年祭先代帝王及配坐,籩豆皆十、簋二、簠二、俎三。 州縣祭社、稷、先聖,釋奠於先師,籩豆皆八、簋二、簠二、俎三。
Winter solstice sacrifice at the Round Mound—for the August Supreme Lord of Heaven and associated deity: twelve bian, twelve dou, one gui, one fu, one xing, one zu. Five Directional Emperors, Bright Luminary, and Night Luminary: eight bian, eight dou, one gui, one fu, one xing, one zu. Five Stars, twelve chronograms, River Han, and inner and central officials: two bian, two dou, one gui, one fu, one zu. Outer officials and host of stars: one bian, one dou, one gui, one fu, one zu each. First upper day of the first month, prayer for grain at the Round Mound—for the August Supreme Lord, associated deity, and Five Directional Emperors—as at the winter solstice. First month of summer, rain sacrifice at the Round Mound—as at the winter solstice. Five Human Emperors: four bian, four dou, one gui, one fu, one zu. Five Officials: two bian, two dou, one gui, one fu, one zu. Last month of autumn, great sacrifice in the Bright Hall—as at the rain sacrifice. Beginning of spring, sacrifice to the Green Emperor and Great Bright One: twelve bian and dou each, one gui, one fu, one xing, one zu. Year Star, three chronograms, Goumang, seven lodges: two bian, two dou, one gui, one fu, one zu. The Red, Yellow, White, and Black Emperors follow the same rule. Wax sacrifice to the hundred spirits—Bright Luminary and Night Luminary: ten bian, ten dou, one gui, one fu, one xing, one zu. Divine Farmer and Yiyi: four bian and four dou each, one gui, fu, xing, and zu each. Five Stars, twelve chronograms, Houji, five directional field directors, mountains and garrisons, seas and rivers, twenty-eight lodges, five directional mountains, forests, rivers, and marshes: two bian and two dou each, one gui, fu, and zu each. Hills, mounds, plains, wetlands, dragon, unicorn, vermilion bird, white tiger, dark warrior, scaled, feathered, furred, shelled, yutu, and the like: one bian and one dou each, one gui, fu, and zu each. Also wells and springs: one bian and one dou each, one gui, fu, and zu each. Spring equinox morning sun; autumn equinox evening moon: ten bian, ten dou, one gui, one fu, one xing, one zu. Four seasonal sacrifices to Wind Master, Rain Master, Spirit Star, Director in the Center, Director of Fate, Director of Humanity, and Director of Salary: eight bian, eight dou, one gui, one fu, one zu. Summer solstice sacrifice at the Square Mound to the August Earth Lord and associated deity: twelve bian and twelve dou each, one gui, one fu, one xing, one zu. Spirit Land: four bian, four dou, one gui, one fu, one xing, one zu. Five mountains, four garrisons, four seas, four rivers, and five directional mountains, forests, rivers, and marshes: two bian and two dou each, one gui, fu, and zu each. First month of winter, sacrifice to the Spirit Land and associated deity: twelve bian and twelve dou each, one gui, one fu, one xing, one zu. Spring and autumn sacrifices to the Great Altars of Soil and Grain and associated seats: ten bian and ten dou each, two gui, two fu, three xing, three zu. Four seasonal sacrifices to Horse Ancestor, Horse Altar, First Herdsman, and Horse Pace: eight bian and eight dou each, one gui, one fu, one zu. Seasonal offerings at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, each chamber: twelve bian and twelve dou each, two gui, two fu, three xing, three xing vessels, three zu. Seven sacrifices: two bian, two dou, two gui, two fu, one zu. Collective offering and meritorious ministers who share in sacrifice—as for the seven sacrifices. First month of spring, sacrifice to the Imperial Altar of Soil and associated seats: ten bian and ten dou each, two gui, two fu, three xing, three xing vessels, three zu. Last month of spring, sacrifice to the First Silkworm: ten bian and ten dou each, two gui, two fu, three xing, three xing vessels, three zu. First month of winter, sacrifice to the Director of Cold: eight bian and eight dou each, one gui, one fu, one zu. Spring and autumn libation to Confucius the Exalted Father, First Sage and First Teacher: ten bian, ten dou, two gui, two fu, three xing, three xing vessels, three zu; if with accompanying sacrifice, two bian and two dou each, one gui, one fu, one zu. Spring and autumn libation to Duke Tai of Qi and the Marquis Who Stayed: ten bian and ten dou each, two gui, two fu, three xing, three xing vessels, three zu. Second month of spring, sacrifice to the Five Dragons: eight bian and eight dou each, one gui, one fu, one zu. Four seasonal sacrifices to the five mountains, four garrisons, four seas, and four rivers, each: ten bian and ten dou, two gui, two fu, three zu. Triennial sacrifice to ancient emperors and associated seats: ten bian and ten dou each, two gui, two fu, three zu. Prefectures and counties sacrifice to altars of soil and grain and First Sage, and libate to the First Teacher: eight bian and eight dou each, two gui, two fu, three zu.
13
籩以石鹽、槀魚、棗栗榛菱芡之實、鹿脯、白餅、黑餅、糗餌、粉餈。 豆以韮葅䤈醢、菁葅鹿醢、芹葅兔醢、筍葅魚醢、脾析葅豚胉、𩛆食、糝食。 中祀之籩無糗餌、粉餈,豆無𩛆食、糝食。 小祀之籩無白餅、黑餅、豆無脾析葅豚胉。 凡用皆四者,籩以石鹽、棗實、栗黃、鹿脯; 豆以芹葅兔醢、菁葅鹿醢。 用皆二者,籩以栗黃、牛脯; 豆以葵葅鹿醢。 用皆一者,籩以牛脯,豆以鹿醢。 用牛脯者,通以羊。 凡簠、簋皆一者,簋以稷,簠以黍。 用皆二者,簋以黍、稷,簠以稻、梁。 實㽅以大羹,鈃以肉羹。 此籩、豆、簠、簋、㽅、鈃之實也。
Bian contain rock salt, dried fish, dates, chestnuts, hazelnuts, water caltrop, and millet; deer jerky, white cakes, black cakes, parched grain cakes, and powdered cakes. Dou contain leek pickles with fermented meat, smartweed pickles with deer hash, celery pickles with rabbit hash, bamboo-shoot pickles with fish hash, spleen and tripe pickles with pork hash, fried grain, and scattered grain. Middle sacrifices omit parched grain cakes and powdered cakes from bian, and fried grain and scattered grain from dou. Minor sacrifices omit white and black cakes from bian, and spleen and tripe pickles with pork hash from dou. Where four items are used, bian contain rock salt, jujubes, yellow chestnuts, and deer jerky; dou contain celery pickles with rabbit hash and smartweed pickles with deer hash. Where two items are used, bian contain yellow chestnuts and beef jerky; dou contain mallow pickles with deer hash. Where one item is used, bian contain beef jerky and dou contain deer hash. Where beef jerky is specified, mutton may be substituted throughout. Where there is one gui and one fu, gui contain millet and fu contain glutinous millet. Where two of each are used, gui contain glutinous and ordinary millet, fu contain rice and millet. The xing is filled with great broth; the xing vessel with meat broth. These are the prescribed contents of bian, dou, gui, fu, xing, and xing vessels.
14
昊天上帝,蒼犢; 五方帝,方色犢; 大明,青犢; 夜明,白犢; 神州地祇,黑犢。 配帝之犢:天以蒼,地以黃,神州以黑,皆一。 宗廟、太社、太稷、帝社、先蠶、古帝王、嶽鎮、海瀆,皆太牢。 社、稷之牲以黑。 五官、五星、三辰、七宿,皆少牢。 蜡祭:神農氏、伊耆氏、少牢; 后稷及五方、十二次、五官、五田畯、五嶽、四鎮、海瀆、日、月,方以犢二; 星辰以降,方皆少牢五; 井泉皆羊一。 非順成之方則闕。 風師、雨師、靈星、司中、司命、司人、司祿、馬祖、先牧、馬社、馬步,皆羊一。 司寒,黑牲一。 凡牲在滌,大祀九旬,中祀三旬,小祀一旬,養而不卜。 無方色則用純,必有副焉。 省牲而犢鳴,則免之而用副。 禁其棰柎,死則瘞之,創病者請代犢,告祈之牲不養。 凡祀,皆以其日未明十五刻,太官令帥宰人以鸞刀割牲,祝史以豆斂毛血置饌所,祭則奉之以入,遂亨之。 肉載以俎,皆升右胖體十一:前節三,肩、臂、臑; 後節二,肫、胳; 正脊一,脡脊一,橫脊一,正脅一,短脅一,代脅一,皆並骨。 別祭用太牢者,酒二斗,脯一段,醢四合; 用少牢者,酒減半。 此牲牢之別也。
August Supreme Lord of Heaven: dark calf; Five Directional Emperors: calves of their directional colors; Bright Luminary: green calf; Night Luminary: white calf; Spirit Land of the Realm: black calf. Calves for associated deities: heaven dark, earth yellow, Spirit Land black—one each. Ancestral temple, Great Altars of Soil and Grain, Imperial Altar of Soil, First Silkworm, ancient emperors, mountains, garrisons, seas, and rivers—all use the great victim set. Victims for the altars of soil and grain are black. Five Officials, Five Stars, three chronograms, and seven lodges—all use the lesser victim set. Wax sacrifice: Divine Farmer clan and Yiyi clan, lesser victim set; Houji, five directions, twelve chronograms, five officials, five field directors, five mountains, four garrisons, seas and rivers, sun and moon—two calves of their directional colors each; stars and below, five lesser victim sets each per direction; wells and springs, one sheep each. Where the direction has not achieved a complete harvest, it is omitted. Wind Master, Rain Master, Spirit Star, Director in the Center, Director of Fate, Director of Humanity, Director of Salary, Horse Ancestor, First Herdsman, Horse Altar, and Horse Pace—all one sheep each. Director of Cold: one black victim. All victims in the purification pen: great sacrifices ninety days, middle sacrifices thirty days, minor sacrifices ten days—they are raised without divination. Where there is no directional color, pure victims are used; there must always be a substitute. When inspecting victims, if the calf lows it is exempted and the substitute is used. Beating and rough handling are forbidden; if a victim dies it is buried; if injured, a substitute is requested; victims for prayer and announcement are not raised in the pen. For all sacrifices, at the fifteenth quarter before dawn on the sacrifice day, the Imperial Kitchen Director leads butchers to cut victims with the phoenix knife; invokers collect hair and blood in beans at the offering station; at the sacrifice these are borne in and cooked. Meat is loaded on trays; all ascend the right fatty portion in eleven pieces: three from the forequarter—shoulder, arm, and shank; two from the hindquarter—rump and shank; one spine proper, one spine extension, one cross spine, one proper rib, one short rib, one substitute rib—all with bone. Separate sacrifices using the great victim set: two dou of wine, one section of dried meat, four he of hash; for the lesser victim set, wine is reduced by half. These are the distinctions among the victim sets.
15
祝版,其長一尺一分,廣八寸,厚二分,其木梓、楸。 凡大祀、中祀,署版必拜。 皇帝親祠,至大次,郊社令以祝版進署,受以出,奠於坫。 宗廟則太廟令進之。 若有司攝事,則進而御署,皇帝北向再拜,侍臣奉版,郊社令受以出。 皇后親祠,則郊社令預送內侍,享前一日進署,后北向再拜,近侍奉以出,授內侍送享所。 享日之平明,女祝奠於坫。 此冊祝之制也。
Prayer boards are one foot one inch long, eight inches wide, two fen thick, of catalpa or chinaberry wood. For all great and middle sacrifices, signing the board requires a bow. When the emperor sacrifices in person, upon reaching the great tent the Suburban Altar Director advances the prayer board for signing; after receiving it he goes out and sets it on the stand. At the ancestral temple the Director of the Imperial Ancestral Temple advances it. If a minister conducts the affair by proxy, he advances it for the emperor to sign; the emperor bows twice facing north; attendants bear the board; the Suburban Altar Director receives it and goes out. When the empress sacrifices in person, the Suburban Altar Director sends it beforehand to inner attendants; one day before the offering it is advanced for signing; the empress bows twice facing north; close attendants bear it out and hand it to inner attendants for delivery to the offering site. At dawn on the offering day, the female invoker sets it on the stand. These are the regulations governing prayer boards and invocations.
16
校勘記0.85em|columns=2
Collation notes for this chapter.