1
__FORCETOC__皇后歲祀一,季春吉巳享先蠶,遂以親桑。 散齋三日於後殿; 致齋一日於正寢,一日於正殿。 前一日,尚舍設御幄於正殿西序及室中,俱東向。 致齋之日,晝漏上水一刻,尚儀版奏「請中嚴」。 尚服帥司仗布侍衞,司賓引內命婦陪位。 六尚以下,各服其服,詣後殿奉迎。 尚儀版奏「外辦」。 上水二刻,皇后服鈿釵禮衣,結珮,乘輿出自西房,華蓋警蹕。 皇后即御座,六尚以下侍衞。 一刻頃,尚儀前跪奏稱:「尚儀妾姓言,請降就齋室。」 皇后降座,乘輿入室。 散齋之日,內侍帥內命婦之吉者,使蠶於蠶室,諸預享者皆齋。
__FORCETOC__The empress's annual sacrifice: in late spring on an auspicious ji day she offers to the Silkworm Ancestor, then personally picks mulberry leaves. She keeps dispersed abstinence for three days in the rear hall; then concentrated abstinence one day in the principal quarters and one day in the principal hall. The day before, the Palace Provisioners set the imperial canopy in the west wing of the principal hall and in the inner chamber, all facing east. On the abstinence day, when the day clepsydra reached the first quarter-mark after filling, the Director of Ceremonies reported, "Request inner vigil." The Director of Wardrobe arrayed attendants; the Receptionist led inner titled ladies to their places. The Six Directors and below, each in proper dress, went to the rear hall to welcome her. The Director of Ceremonies reported, "Outer preparations complete." At the second quarter-mark, the empress wore ceremonial robes with hairpins and pendants, tied her girdle ornaments, and rode out from the west chamber under canopy with road clearance. The empress took her seat; the Six Directors and below stood attendance. After about one quarter-mark, the Director of Ceremonies knelt and reported: "Your servant, the Director of Ceremonies, reports: please descend to the abstinence chamber." The empress left her seat and rode the palanquin into the chamber. On dispersed-abstinence day, inner attendants led auspicious inner titled ladies to raise silkworms in the silkworm chamber; all participants kept abstinence.
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前享三日,尚舍直長設大次於外壝東門之內道北,南向; 內命婦及六尚以下次於其後,俱南向。 守宮設外命婦次,大長公主、長公主、公主以下於南壝之外道西,三公夫人以下在其南,重行異位,東向北上。 陳饌幔於內壝東門之外道南,北向。 前享二日,太樂令設宮縣之樂於壇南內壝之內,諸女工各位於縣後。 右校為采桑壇於壇南二十步所,方三丈,高五尺,四出陛。 尚舍量施帷障於外壝之外,四面開門,其東門足容厭翟車。 前享一日,內謁者設御位於壇之東南,西向; 望瘞位於西南,當瘞埳,西向。 亞獻、終獻位於內壝東門之內道南,執事者位於其後,重行異位,西向北上。 典正位於壇下,一位於東南,西向; 一位於西南,東向。 女史各陪其後。 司贊位於樂縣東北,掌贊二人在南,差退,西面。 又設司贊、掌贊位於埋埳西南,東面南上; 典樂舉麾位於壇上南陛之西,東向; 司樂位於北縣之間,當壇北向。 內命婦位於終獻之南,絕位,重行異位,西向北上; 外命婦位於中壝南門之外,大長公主以下於道東,西向,當內命婦,差退; 太夫人以下於道西,去道遠近如公主,重行異位,相向北上。 又設御采桑位於壇上,東向; 內命婦采桑位於壇下,當御位東南,北向西上; 執御鉤、筐者位於內命婦之西少南,西上; 內外命婦執鉤、筐者位各於其采桑位之後。 設門外位:享官於東壝之外道南,從享內命婦於享官之東,北面西上; 從享外命婦於南壝之外道西,如設次。 設酒尊之位於壇上東南隅,北向西上; 御洗於壇南陛東南,亞獻之洗又於東南,俱北向; 幣篚於壇上尊坫之所。 晡後,內謁者帥其屬以尊坫、罍洗、篚冪入,設於位。 升壇者自東陛。 享日,未明十五刻,太官令帥宰人以鸞刀割牲,祝史以豆取毛血置於饌所,遂烹牲。 五刻,司設升,設先蠶氏神座於壇上北方,南向。
Three days before the sacrifice, the chief provisioner set the great tent north of the path inside the outer enclosure's east gate, facing south; inner titled ladies and the Six Directors and below were placed behind them, all facing south. The Palace Keeper set tents for outer titled ladies: grand-eldest and eldest princesses and princesses west of the path outside the south enclosure; wives of the Three Excellencies south of them, in staggered double ranks facing east. Offering curtains were set south of the path outside the inner enclosure's east gate, facing north. Two days before the sacrifice, the Director of Music set palace suspended music inside the inner enclosure south of the altar; female musicians stood behind the bells. The Right Works built a mulberry-picking altar twenty paces south of the main altar, three zhang square and five chi high, with steps on four sides. The Palace Provisioners hung screens outside the outer enclosure with gates on four sides; the east gate was wide enough for the Yan-Di carriage. One day before the sacrifice, inner ushers set the imperial place southeast of the altar, facing west; the distant-burial place at the southwest, aligned with the burial pit, facing west. Secondary and final offering places south of the path inside the inner enclosure's east gate; attendants behind them in staggered ranks facing west. Directors of Protocol below the altar: one at the southeast facing west; one at the southwest facing east. Female scribes stood behind each. The Director of Praise stood northeast of the music stand; two Praise Attendants south of him, stepped back, facing west. Director of Praise and Praise Attendants were also set southwest of the burial pit, facing east; the Director of Music who raises the baton west of the south steps on the altar, facing east; the Director of Music between the northern bells, facing the altar northward. Inner titled ladies south of the final offering, in separate staggered ranks facing west; outer titled ladies outside the middle enclosure's south gate: grand-eldest princesses and below east of the path, facing west, aligned with inner titled ladies; grand madames and below west of the path at the same distance as the princesses, in staggered ranks facing each other. The imperial mulberry-picking place was also set on the altar, facing east; inner titled ladies' mulberry places below the altar, southeast of the imperial place, facing north; those holding imperial hooks and baskets slightly south and west of the inner titled ladies; inner and outer titled ladies with hooks and baskets stood behind their mulberry places. Outer places were set: sacrifice officers south of the path outside the east enclosure; inner titled ladies joining the sacrifice east of them, facing north; outer titled ladies joining the sacrifice west of the path outside the south enclosure, as for the tents. Wine vessels at the southeast corner of the altar, facing north; imperial washing southeast of the south steps, secondary-offering washing again at the southeast, all facing north; silk baskets at the altar mound beside the honored vessels. After mid-afternoon, inner ushers brought altar mounds, urn-washing stands, and basket covers and set them in place. Those ascending the altar used the east steps. On sacrifice day, at the fifteenth quarter-mark before dawn, the Director of the Palace Kitchens led butchers to cut the victim with the phoenix knife; the invoker took hair and blood in a dou for the offering site, then the victim was cooked. At the fifth quarter-mark, the Director of Setup set the Silkworm Ancestor spirit seat on the north of the altar, facing south.
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前享一日,金吾奏:「請外命婦等應集壇所者聽夜行,其應采桑者四人,各有女侍者進筐、鉤載之而行。」 其日未明四刻,搥一鼓為一嚴; 二刻,搥二鼓為再嚴。 尚儀版奏「請中嚴」。 一刻,搥三鼓為三嚴。 司賓引內命婦入,立於庭,重行,西面北上。 六尚以下詣室奉迎。 尚服負寶,內僕進厭翟車於閤外,尚儀版奏「外辦」。 馭者執轡,皇后服鞠衣,乘輿以出,華蓋、侍衞、警蹕。 內命婦從出門。 皇后升車,尚功進鉤,司製進筐,載之。 內命婦及六尚等乘車從,諸翊駕之官皆乘馬。 駕動,警蹕,不鳴鼓角。 內命婦、宮人以次從。
One day before the sacrifice, the Gold Crow reported: "Outer titled ladies gathering at the altar may travel at night; the four mulberry-pickers each have female attendants carry baskets and hooks." That day, at the fourth quarter-mark before dawn, one drum-strike signaled the first vigil; at the second quarter-mark, two drum-strikes signaled the second vigil. The Director of Ceremonies reported, "Request inner vigil." At the first quarter-mark, three drum-strikes signaled the third vigil. The Receptionist led inner titled ladies into the court in double ranks, facing west. The Six Directors and below went to the chamber to welcome her. The Director of Wardrobe bore the imperial seal; inner servants brought the Yan-Di carriage outside the gate; the Director of Ceremonies reported, "Outer preparations complete." Drivers held the reins; the empress wore the ju robe and rode out under canopy with attendants and road clearance. Inner titled ladies followed out the gate. The empress mounted the carriage; the Director of Works presented the hook and the Director of Manufacture the basket, and they were loaded. Inner titled ladies and the Six Directors followed in carriages; all escort officials rode horses. When the train moved, road clearance was observed but drums and horns were not sounded. Inner titled ladies and palace women followed in order.
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其日三刻,尚儀及司醞帥其屬入,實尊罍及幣,太官令實諸籩、豆、簠、簋、俎等,內謁者帥其屬詣廚奉饌入,設於饌幔內。 駕將至,女相者引享官,內典引引外命婦,俱就門外位。 駕至大次門外,迴車南向,尚儀進車前跪奏稱:「尚儀妾姓言,請降車。」 皇后降車,乘輿之大次,華蓋、繖、扇。 尚儀以祝版進,御署,出奠於坫。 尚功、司製進受鉤、筐以退,典贊引亞獻及從享內命婦俱就門外位。 司贊帥掌贊先入就位,女相者引尚儀、典正及女史、祝史與女執尊罍篚冪者入自東門,當壇南,北向西上。 司贊曰:「再拜。」 掌贊承傳,尚儀以下皆再拜,就位。 司樂帥女工人入,典贊引亞獻、終獻,女相者引執事者、司賓引內命婦、內典引引外命婦入,就位。 皇后停大次半刻頃,司言引尚宮立於大次門外,當門北向。 尚儀版奏「外辦」。 皇后出次,入自東門,至版位,西向立。 尚宮曰:「再拜。」 皇后再拜。 司贊曰:「眾官再拜。」 在位者皆再拜。 尚宮曰:「有司謹具,請行事。」 樂三成。 尚宮曰:「再拜。」 皇后再拜。 司贊曰:「眾官再拜。」 在位者皆再拜。 壇上尚儀跪取幣於篚,興,立於尊所。 皇后自壇南陛升,北面立,尚儀奉幣東向進,皇后受幣,進,北向,跪奠於神座,少退,再拜,降自南陛,復于位。 初,內外命婦拜訖,女祝史奉毛血之豆立於內壝東門之外,皇后已奠幣,乃奉毛血入,升自南陛,尚儀迎引於壇上,進,跪奠於神座前。 皇后既升奠幣,司膳出,帥女進饌者奉饌陳於內壝東門之外。 皇后既降,復位。 司膳引饌入,至階。 女祝史跪徹毛血之豆,降自東陛以出。 饌升自南陛,尚儀迎引於壇上,設於神座前。 皇后詣罍洗,尚儀跪取匜,興,沃水; 司言跪取盤,興,承水。 皇后盥。 司言跪取巾於篚,進以帨,受巾,跪奠於篚。 乃取爵於篚,興,進,受爵,尚儀酌罍水,司言奉盤,皇后洗爵,司言授巾,皆如初。 皇后升自壇南陛,詣酒尊。 尚儀贊酌醴齊,進先蠶氏神座前,北向跪,奠爵,興,少退,立。 尚儀持版進於神座之右,東面跪讀祝文。 皇后再拜,尚儀以爵酌上尊福酒,西向進,皇后再拜受爵,跪,祭酒,啐酒,奠爵,興。 尚儀帥女進饌者持籩、俎進神前,三牲胙肉各置一俎,又以籩取稷、黍飯共置一籩。 尚儀以飯籩、胙俎西向以次進,皇后每受以授左右。 乃跪取爵,遂飲,卒爵,興,再拜,降自南陛,復于位。 初,皇后獻將畢,典贊引貴妃詣罍洗,盥手,洗爵,自東陛升壇,酌盎齊于象尊,進神座前,北向跪,奠爵,興,少退,再拜。 尚儀以爵酌福酒進,貴妃再拜受爵,跪祭,遂飲,卒爵,再拜,降自東陛,復位。 昭儀終獻如亞獻。 尚儀進神座前,跪徹豆。 司贊曰:「賜胙。」 掌唱曰:「眾官再拜。」 在位者皆再拜。 尚宮曰:「再拜。」 皇后再拜。 司贊曰:「眾官再拜。」 在位者皆再拜。 尚官請就望瘞位,司贊帥掌贊就瘞埳西南位,皇后至望瘞位,西向立。 尚儀執篚進神座前,取幣,自北陛降壇,西行詣瘞埳,以幣置於埳。 司贊曰:「可瘞埳。」 東西各四人實土半埳。 尚宮曰:「禮畢,請就采桑位。」 尚宮引皇后詣采桑壇,升自西陛,東向立。
At the third quarter-mark, the Director of Ceremonies and Director of Libations filled the honored urns and silks; the Director of the Palace Kitchens filled trays and vessels; inner ushers brought offerings into the offering curtain. As the train neared, female guides led sacrifice officers and inner guides led outer titled ladies to their outer places. At the great tent gate the carriage turned south; the Director of Ceremonies knelt before it and reported: "Your servant, the Director of Ceremonies, reports: please descend from the carriage." The empress descended and rode the palanquin to the great tent under canopy, parasol, and fans. The Director of Ceremonies brought the prayer board for imperial signature and placed it on the mound. The Director of Works and Director of Manufacture received the hook and basket and withdrew; the Director of Praise led the secondary offering and participating inner titled ladies to their outer places. The Director of Praise led Praise Attendants in first; female guides led the Director of Ceremonies, Directors of Protocol, scribes, invokers, and women with urns and baskets in through the east gate south of the altar, facing north. The Director of Praise said: "Bow twice." Praise Attendants relayed it; the Director of Ceremonies and below all bowed twice and took their places. The Director of Music led female musicians in; the Director of Praise led secondary and final offerings; female guides led attendants; the Receptionist led inner titled ladies and inner guides led outer titled ladies to their places. The empress paused at the great tent for about half a quarter-mark; the Director of Announcements led the Director of the Palace to stand outside the great tent gate, facing north. The Director of Ceremonies reported, "Outer preparations complete." The empress left the tent, entered by the east gate, reached the marked place, and stood facing west. The Director of the Palace said: "Bow twice." The empress bowed twice. The Director of Praise said: "All officers bow twice." All present bowed twice. The Director of the Palace said: "The officers have prepared; please proceed with the rite." Music played three movements. The Director of the Palace said: "Bow twice." The empress bowed twice. The Director of Praise said: "All officers bow twice." All present bowed twice. On the altar the Director of Ceremonies knelt, took silks from the basket, rose, and stood at the vessel place. The empress ascended the south steps and stood facing north; the Director of Ceremonies presented silks from the east; the empress received them, advanced, knelt and placed them on the spirit seat, withdrew, bowed twice, descended the south steps, and returned to her place. After inner and outer titled ladies had bowed, the female invoker stood outside the inner east gate with the dou of hair and blood; once the empress had placed the silks, she brought them in by the south steps; the Director of Ceremonies guided her onto the altar to place them before the spirit seat. After the empress had placed the silks, the Director of Viands led women bearing offerings to array them outside the inner east gate. After the empress descended, she returned to her place. The Director of Viands led the offerings in to the steps. The female invoker knelt, removed the dou of hair and blood, descended the east steps, and went out. The offerings ascended the south steps; the Director of Ceremonies guided them onto the altar and set them before the spirit seat. The empress went to the urn washing-stand; the Director of Ceremonies knelt, took the pitcher, rose, and poured water; the Director of Announcements knelt, took the basin, rose, and received the water. The empress washed her hands. The Director of Announcements knelt, took the towel from the basket and offered it; she received it; he knelt and returned it to the basket. Then he took the goblet from the basket and advanced; she received it; the Director of Ceremonies poured urn water; the Director of Announcements held the basin; the empress washed the goblet and received the towel as before. The empress ascended the south steps and went to the wine vessel. The Director of Ceremonies praised the pouring of sacrificial ale, advanced before the Silkworm Ancestor spirit seat, knelt facing north, placed the goblet, rose, withdrew, and stood. The Director of Ceremonies advanced the board to the right of the spirit seat and knelt facing east to read the prayer. The empress bowed twice; the Director of Ceremonies poured blessed wine and advanced from the west; the empress bowed twice, received the goblet, knelt, offered a libation, sipped, placed the goblet, and rose. The Director of Ceremonies led women with trays and stands before the spirit; each of the three sacrificial meats on one stand, and millet and glutinous rice together on one tray. The Director of Ceremonies advanced the rice tray and meat stands from the west in order; the empress received each and handed them to attendants. Then she knelt, took the goblet, drank it dry, rose, bowed twice, descended the south steps, and returned to her place. As the empress's offering neared completion, the Director of Praise led the honored consort to wash, ascended the east steps, poured thick ale from the elephant vessel, knelt before the spirit seat, placed the goblet, withdrew, and bowed twice. The Director of Ceremonies poured blessed wine; the honored consort bowed twice, received the goblet, offered a libation, drank it dry, bowed twice, descended the east steps, and returned to her place. The brilliant lady's final offering followed the secondary offering. The Director of Ceremonies advanced before the spirit seat and knelt to clear the dou. The Director of Praise said: "Grant the meat portions." The Praise Singer said: "All officers bow twice." All present bowed twice. The Director of the Palace said: "Bow twice." The empress bowed twice. The Director of Praise said: "All officers bow twice." All present bowed twice. The Director of the Palace asked to proceed to the distant-burial place; the Director of Praise led Praise Attendants to the burial pit's southwest; the empress stood there facing west. The Director of Ceremonies took silks from before the spirit seat, descended the north steps, went west to the burial pit, and placed the silks in it. The Director of Praise said: "The pit may be buried." Four persons on each side filled half the pit with earth. The Director of the Palace said: "The rite is complete; please proceed to the mulberry place." The Director of the Palace led the empress to the mulberry altar; she ascended the west steps and stood facing east.
5
初,皇后將詣望瘞位,司賓引內外命婦采桑者、執鉤筐者皆就位。 內外命婦一品各二人,二品、三品各一人。 皇后既至,尚功奉金鉤自北陛升,進。 典製奉筐從升。 皇后受鉤,采桑,典製以筐受之。 皇后采三條止,尚功前受鉤,典製以筐俱退。 皇后初采桑,典製等各以鉤授內外命婦。 皇后采桑訖,內外命婦以次采,女史執筐者受之。 內外命婦一品采五條,二品采九條,止,典製等受鉤,與執筐者退,復位。 司賓各引內外命婦采桑者以從,至蠶室,尚功以桑授蠶母,蠶母切之以授婕妤食蠶,灑一𥴮止。 尚儀曰:「禮畢。」 尚宮引皇后還大次,內外命婦各還其次。 尚儀、典正以下俱復執事位。 司贊曰:「再拜。」 尚儀以下皆再拜,出。 女工人以次出。 其祝版燔於齊所。
When the empress was about to go to the distant-burial place, the Receptionist led inner and outer titled ladies who would pick mulberry and those with hooks and baskets to their places. First-rank inner and outer titled ladies, two each; second- and third-rank, one each. When the empress arrived, the Director of Works presented the gold hook, ascending the north steps. The Director of Manufacture presented the basket and followed up. The empress received the hook and picked mulberry; the Director of Manufacture received the leaves in the basket. After three sprays the empress stopped; the Director of Works took the hook; the Director of Manufacture withdrew with the basket. When the empress began picking, the Directors of Manufacture gave hooks to inner and outer titled ladies. When the empress finished, inner and outer titled ladies picked in turn; female scribes with baskets received the leaves. First-rank ladies picked five sprays; second-rank nine, then stopped; the Directors of Manufacture took the hooks; basket-bearers withdrew to their places. The Receptionist led mulberry-pickers to the silkworm chamber; the Director of Works gave the mulberry to the silkworm mother, who cut it for the honorable lady feeding the silkworms, one basketful and no more. The Director of Ceremonies said: "The rite is complete." The Director of the Palace led the empress back to the great tent; inner and outer titled ladies returned to their tents. The Director of Ceremonies, Directors of Protocol, and below all returned to their duty places. The Director of Praise said: "Bow twice." The Director of Ceremonies and below bowed twice and went out. Female musicians went out in order. The prayer board was burned at the abstinence site.
6
車駕還宮之明日,內外命婦設會於正殿,如元會之儀,命曰勞酒。
The day after the train returned, inner and outer titled ladies held a gathering in the principal hall like the New Year's audience, called the consolation feast.
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其有司歲所常祀者十有三:立春後丑日祀風師,立夏後申日祀雨師,立秋後辰日祀靈星,立冬後亥日祀司中、司命、司人、司祿,季夏土王之日祭中霤,孟冬祭司寒。 皆一獻。 祝稱:「天子謹遣。」
Thirteen regular annual sacrifices: after Start of Spring, ox day for the Wind Master; after Start of Summer, shen day for the Rain Master; after Start of Autumn, chen day for the Spirit Star; after Start of Winter, hai day for the Directors of Center, Fate, Humanity, and Emolument; last summer month's earth-king day for the central drain; early winter for winter cold. Each had a single offering. The invoker said: "The Son of Heaven respectfully sends [this]."
8
其中春、中秋釋奠于文宣王、武成王,皆以上丁、上戊,國學以祭酒、司業、博士三獻,樂以軒縣。 前享一日,奉禮郎設三獻位于東門之內道北,執事位於道南,皆西向北上; 學官、館官位於縣東,當執事西南,西向,學生位於館官之後,皆重行北上; 觀者位於南門之內道之左右,重行北面,相對為首。 設三獻門外位於東門之外道南,執事位於其後,每等異位,北向西上; 館官、學官位於三獻東南,北向西上。 設先聖神座於廟室內西楹間,東向; 先師於先聖東北,南向; 其餘弟子及二十一賢以次東陳,南向西上。 其餘皆如常祀。
In mid-spring and mid-autumn, libation was offered to the Cultured Propagation King and Martial Completion King on the upper ding and upper wu days; the National University used the Libationer, Vice Director, and Erudites as three offerings, with hall-type suspended bells. One day before, the Ritual Attendant set three-offering places north of the path inside the east gate; attendant places south of the path, all facing west; academy and hostel officers east of the bells, southwest of attendants, facing west; students behind hostel officers in double ranks; spectators left and right inside the south gate, in double ranks facing north opposite each other. Three-offering outer places south of the path outside the east gate; attendants behind in separate ranks facing north; hostel and academy officers southeast of the three offerings, facing north. The Former Sage spirit seat was set between the western pillars inside the temple, facing east; the Former Master northeast of the Former Sage, facing south; remaining disciples and twenty-one sages arrayed east in order, facing south. The rest followed the regular sacrifice.
9
皇子束脩:束帛一篚,五匹; 酒一壺,二斗; 脩一案,五脡。 其日平明,皇子服學生之服其服青衿。 至學門外。 博士公服,執事者引立學堂東階上,西面。 相者引皇子立於門東,西面。 陳束帛篚、壺酒、脯案於皇子西南,當門北向,重行西上。 將命者出,立門西,東面,曰:「敢請就事。」 皇子少進,曰:「某方受業於先生,敢請見。」 將命者入告。 博士曰:「某也不德,請皇子無辱。」 若已封王,則云「請王無辱」。 將命者出告,皇子固請。 博士曰:「某也不德,請皇子就位,某敢見。」 將命者出告,皇子曰:「某不敢以視賓客,請終賜見。」 將命者入告,博士曰:「某辭不得命,敢不從。」 將命者出告,執篚者以篚東面授皇子,皇子執篚。 博士降俟于東階下,西面。 相者引皇子,執事者奉壺酒、脩案以從,皇子入門而左,詣西階之南,東面。 奉酒、脩者立於皇子西南,東面北上。 皇子跪,奠篚,再拜。 博士答再拜,皇子還避,遂進,跪取篚。 相者引皇子進博士前,東面授幣,奉壺酒、脩案者從,奠於博士前,博士受幣,執事者取酒、脩、幣以東。 相者引皇子立於階間近南,北面,奉酒、脩者出。 皇子拜訖,相者引皇子出。
The prince's initial gift: one basket of silk, five bolts; one jar of wine, two dou; one tray of dried meat, five strips. At daybreak the prince wore student dress—the blue-collared robe. He reached outside the academy gate. The erudite in formal dress; attendants led him to the east steps of the lecture hall, facing west. The guide led the prince east of the gate, facing west. Silk basket, wine jar, and dried-meat tray were set southwest of the prince, north of the gate. The messenger came out west of the gate facing east and said: "I venture to request that you proceed." The prince advanced slightly and said: "I am about to receive instruction from the master; I venture to request an audience." The messenger entered to report. The erudite said: "I lack virtue; I beg the prince not to demean himself." If already enfeoffed as king, it said, "I beg the king not to demean himself." The messenger reported; the prince insisted. The erudite said: "I lack virtue; I beg the prince to take his place; I venture to receive him." The messenger reported; the prince said: "I dare not treat myself as a guest; I beg you finally to grant an audience." The messenger reported; the erudite said: "Having declined I could not win release; I dare not disobey." The messenger reported; the basket-bearer gave the basket to the prince from the east; the prince held it. The erudite descended to wait below the east steps, facing west. The guide led the prince; attendants bore wine and dried meat; the prince entered left to the south of the west steps, facing east. Those bearing wine and dried meat stood southwest of the prince, facing east. The prince knelt, placed the basket, and bowed twice. The erudite returned the double bow; the prince withdrew, advanced, and knelt to take the basket. The guide led the prince before the erudite; facing east he presented silks; attendants placed wine and dried meat before the erudite, who received the silks; attendants took wine, dried meat, and silks eastward. The guide led the prince between the steps near the south, facing north; wine and dried-meat bearers went out. When the prince had finished bowing, the guide led him out.
10
其學生束帛、酒、脩以見,如皇子。
Students presented silk, wine, and dried meat as the prince did.
11
武德二年,始詔國子學立周公、孔子廟; 七年,高祖釋奠焉,以周公為先聖,孔子配。 九年封孔子之後為褒聖侯。 貞觀二年,左僕射房玄齡、博士朱子奢建言:「周公、尼父俱聖人,然釋奠於學,以夫子也。 大業以前,皆孔丘為先聖,顏回為先師。」 乃罷周公,升孔子為先聖,以顏回配。 四年,詔州、縣學皆作孔子廟。 十一年,詔尊孔子為宣父,作廟於兗州,給戶二十以奉之。 十四年,太宗觀釋奠於國子學,詔祭酒孔穎達講孝經。
In Wude 2, an edict first ordered the National Academy to establish temples to the Duke of Zhou and Confucius; in year 7, Gaozu performed libation, taking the Duke of Zhou as Former Sage with Confucius as associate. In year 9 Confucius's descendant was enfeoffed Marquis who Exalts the Sage. In Zhenguan 2, Fang Xuanling and Zhu Zishe submitted: "The Duke of Zhou and Master Ni were both sages, yet academy libation is for the Master. Before the Daye era, Kong Qiu was Former Sage and Yan Hui Former Master." The Duke of Zhou was removed and Confucius raised to Former Sage, with Yan Hui as associate. In year 4, an edict ordered all prefectural and county academies to build Confucius temples. In year 11, an edict honored Confucius as Exalted Father, built a temple in Yanzhou, and granted twenty households for its support. In year 14 Taizong observed libation at the National Academy and ordered Libationer Kong Yingda to lecture on the Classic of Filial Piety.
12
二十一年,詔左丘明、卜子夏、公羊高、穀梁赤、伏勝、高堂生、戴聖、毛萇、孔安國、劉向、鄭眾、賈逵、杜子春、馬融、盧植、鄭康成、服虔、何休、王肅、王弼、杜預、范甯二十二人皆以配享。 而尼父廟學官自祭之,祝曰:「博士某昭告于先聖。」 州、縣之釋奠,亦以博士祭。 中書侍郎許敬宗等奏:「禮:『學官釋奠于其先師。』 鄭氏謂:『詩、書、禮、樂之官也。』 四時之學,將習其道,故釋奠各以其師,而不及先聖。 惟春、秋合樂,則天子視學,有司總祭先聖、先師。 秦、漢釋奠無文,魏則以太常行事,晉、宋以學官主祭。 且國學樂以軒縣,尊、俎須於官,非臣下所可專也。 請國學釋奠以祭酒、司業、博士為三獻,辭稱『皇帝謹遣』。 州學以刺史、上佐、博士三獻,縣學以令、丞、主簿若尉三獻。 如社祭,給明衣。」 會皇太子釋奠,自為初獻,以祭酒張後胤亞獻,光州刺史攝司業趙弘智終獻。
In year 21, an edict ordered Zuo Qiuming, Bu Zixia, Gongsun Gao, Guliang Chi, Fu Sheng, Gaotang Sheng, Dai Sheng, Mao Chang, Kong Anguo, Liu Xiang, Zheng Zhong, Jia Kui, Du Zichun, Ma Rong, Lu Zhi, Zheng Xuan, Fu Qian, He Xiu, Wang Su, Wang Bi, Du Yu, and Fan Ning—twenty-two in all—for associated sacrifice. Yet at the Master's temple academy officers sacrificed on their own; the invoker said: "Erudite So-and-so respectfully announces to the Former Sage." Prefectural and county libations were also performed by erudites. Xu Jingzong and others memorialized: "The Rites say: 'Academy officers perform libation to their Former Masters. Zheng's commentary: 'Officers of the Odes, Documents, Rites, and Music. In seasonal studies, when practicing their Way, libation was to each teacher, not the Former Sage. Only in spring and autumn, when music was combined, did the Son of Heaven inspect the academy and officers jointly sacrifice to Former Sage and Former Masters. Qin and Han libation had no text; Wei used the Director of the Imperial Clan; Jin and Song had academy officers preside. National Academy music used hall suspended bells; honored vessels required officials—subordinates could not monopolize it. We request National Academy libation use Libationer, Vice Director, and Erudite as three offerings, with the phrase 'The emperor respectfully sends [this].' Prefectural academies used prefect, senior aide, and erudite; county academies used magistrate, assistant, chief clerk, or captain. As at the soil-god sacrifice, bright garments were supplied." When the crown prince performed libation, he was primary offering; Libationer Zhang Houyin secondary; Guangzhou prefect acting Vice Director Zhao Hongzhi final.
13
永徽中,復以周公為先聖、孔子為先師,顏回、左丘明以降皆從祀。 顯慶二年,太尉長孫无忌等言:「禮:『釋奠于其先師。』 若禮有高堂生,樂有制氏,詩有毛公,書有伏生。 又禮:『始立學,釋奠于先聖。』 鄭氏注:『若周公、孔子也。』 故貞觀以夫子為聖,眾儒為先師。 且周公作禮樂,當同王者之祀。」 乃以周公配武王,而孔子為先聖。
In the Yonghui era, the Duke of Zhou was again Former Sage and Confucius Former Master; Yan Hui, Zuo Qiuming, and those below joined associated sacrifice. In Xianqing 2, Zhangsun Wuji and others said: "The Rites: 'Perform libation to one's Former Master. For Rites there was Master Gaotang, for Music the Zhi clan, for Odes Master Mao, for Documents Master Fu. Again: 'When the academy is first established, perform libation to the Former Sage.' Zheng's note: 'Such as the Duke of Zhou or Confucius. Hence in Zhenguan the Master was sage and the many scholars Former Masters. Moreover the Duke of Zhou made rites and music and should share royal sacrifice." The Duke of Zhou was associated with King Wu, and Confucius was Former Sage.
14
總章元年,太子弘釋奠于學,贈顏回為太子少師,曾參少保。 咸亨元年,詔州、縣皆營孔子廟。 武后天授元年,封周公為褒德王,孔子為隆道公。 神龍元年,以鄒、魯百戶為隆道公采邑,以奉歲祀,子孫世襲褒聖侯。 睿宗太極元年,以兗州隆道公近祠戶三十供灑掃,加贈顏回太子太師,曾參太子太保,皆配享。
In Zongzhang 1, Crown Prince Hong performed libation at the academy; Yan Hui was made Junior Tutor to the Crown Prince and Zeng Shen Junior Guardian. In Xianheng 1, an edict ordered all prefectures and counties to build Confucius temples. In Tianshou 1 under Empress Wu, the Duke of Zhou was enfeoffed King of Exalted Virtue and Confucius Duke of Elevated Way. In Shenlong 1, a hundred households of Zou and Lu were the Duke of Elevated Way's fief for annual sacrifice; descendants hereditarily held Marquis who Exalts the Sage. In Taiji 1 under Ruizong, thirty nearby Yanzhou households swept the shrine; Yan Hui was made Grand Tutor to the Crown Prince and Zeng Shen Grand Guardian—both joined associated sacrifice.
15
玄宗開元七年,皇太子齒冑於學,謁先聖,詔宋璟亞獻,蘇頲終獻。 臨享,天子思齒冑義,乃詔二獻皆用冑子,祀先聖如釋奠。 右散騎常侍褚无量講孝經、禮記文王世子篇。
In Kaiyuan 7, the crown prince donned cap and armor at the academy and visited the Former Sage; Song Jing was secondary offering and Su Ting final. At the approaching sacrifice the emperor reflected on donning cap and armor and ordered both secondary offerings to use cap-and-armor youths; sacrifice to the Former Sage followed libation. Right Gentleman-in-Attendance Chu Wuliang lectured on the Classic of Filial Piety and the "King Wen's Heir" chapter of the Record of Rites.
16
明年,司業李元瓘奏:「先聖廟為十哲象,以先師顏子配,則配象當坐,今乃立侍。 餘弟子列象廟堂不豫享,而范甯等皆從祀。 請釋奠十哲享於上,而圖七十子於壁。 曾參以孝受經於夫子,請享之如二十二賢。」 乃詔十哲為坐象,悉豫祀。 曾參特為之象,坐亞之。 圖七十子及二十二賢於廟壁。
The next year, Vice Director Li Yuanjin memorialized: "The Former Sage temple has Ten Sage images; with Former Master Yanzi as associate, the associate image should sit, but now stands in attendance. Remaining disciples are imaged in the hall but do not join the feast, while Fan Ning and others join associated sacrifice. We request that at libation the Ten Sages feast above, and the seventy disciples be painted on the walls. Zeng Shen received the classic through filial piety from the Master; we request he feast like the twenty-two sages." An edict made the Ten Sages seated images, all joining the feast. Zeng Shen alone had a special image, seated as associate. The seventy disciples and twenty-two sages were painted on the temple walls.
17
二十七年,詔夫子既稱先聖,可謚曰文宣王,遣三公持節冊命,以其嗣為文宣公,任州長史,代代勿絕。 先時,孔廟以周公南面,而夫子坐西墉下。 貞觀中,廢周公祭,而夫子位未改。 至是,二京國子監、天下州縣夫子始皆南向,以顏淵配。 贈諸弟子爵公侯:子淵兗公,子騫費侯,伯牛鄆侯,仲弓薛侯,子有徐侯,子路衞侯,子我齊侯,子貢黎侯,子游吳侯,子夏魏侯。 又贈曾參以降六十七人:參成伯,顓孫師陳伯,澹臺滅明江伯,密子賤單伯,原憲原伯,公冶長莒伯,南宮适郯伯,公晳哀郳伯,曾點宿伯,顏路𣏌伯,商瞿蒙伯,高柴共伯,漆雕開滕伯,公伯寮任伯,司馬牛向伯,樊遲樊伯,有若卞伯,公西赤邵伯,巫馬期鄫伯,梁鱣梁伯,顏柳蕭伯,冉孺郜伯,曹卹豐伯,伯虔鄒伯,公孫龍黃伯,冉季產東平伯,秦子南少梁伯,漆雕斂武城伯,顏子驕琅邪伯,漆雕徒父須句伯,壤駟赤北徵伯,商澤睢陽伯,石作蜀郈邑伯,任不齊任城伯,公夏首亢父伯,公良孺東牟伯,后處營丘伯,秦開彭衙伯,奚容蒧下邳伯,公肩定新田伯,顏襄臨沂伯,鄡單銅鞮伯,句井彊淇陽伯,罕父黑乘丘伯,秦商上洛伯,申黨召陵伯,公祖子之期思伯,榮子旗雩婁伯,縣成鉅野伯,左人郢臨淄伯,燕伋漁陽伯,鄭子徒滎陽伯,秦非汧陽伯,施常乘氏伯,顏噲朱虛伯,步叔乘淳于伯,顏之僕東武伯,原亢籍萊蕪伯,樂欬昌平伯,廉絜莒父伯,顏何開陽伯,叔仲會瑕丘伯,狄黑臨濟伯,邽巽平陸伯,孔忠汶陽伯,公西與如重丘伯,公西蒧祝阿伯。 於是二京之祭,牲太牢、樂宮縣、舞六佾矣。 州縣之牲以少牢而無樂。
In year 27, an edict: since the Master was Former Sage, he could be posthumously titled Cultured Propagation King; the Three Excellencies invested him; his heir was Cultured Propagation Duke with prefectural governorship, generation after generation without end. Earlier, in the Confucius temple the Duke of Zhou faced south while the Master sat below the west wall. In Zhenguan the Duke of Zhou sacrifice was abolished, but the Master's place was unchanged. By then Masters in both capitals' Directorate and all prefectures and counties first faced south, with Yan Yuan as associate. Disciples were enfeoffed: Zi Yuan Duke of Yan, Zi Qian Marquis of Fei, Ran Geng Marquis of Yun, Zhong Gong Marquis of Xue, Zi You Marquis of Xu, Zi Lu Marquis of Wei, Zi Wo Marquis of Qi, Zi Gong Marquis of Li, Zi You Marquis of Wu, Zi Xia Marquis of Wei. Zeng Shen and sixty-seven below were also enfeoffed with earldoms and baronies across the realm—for example Shen as Earl of Cheng, Zhuan Sun Shi Earl of Chen, Tantai Mieming Earl of Jiang, down through Gongxi Chi Earl of Zhu'e. Thereupon both capitals used the great victim, palace suspended music, and six-row dance. Prefectures and counties used the lesser victim and had no music.
18
二十八年,詔春秋二仲上丁,以三公攝事,若會大祀,則用中丁,州、縣之祭,上丁。 上元元年,肅宗以歲旱罷中、小祀,而文宣之祭,至仲秋猶祠之於太學。 永泰二年八月,脩國學祠堂成,祭酒蕭昕始奏釋奠,宰相元載、杜鴻漸、李抱玉及常參官、六軍將軍就觀焉。 自復二京,惟正會之樂用宮縣,郊廟之享,登歌而已,文、武二舞亦不能具。 至是,魚朝恩典監事,乃奏宮縣於論堂,而雜以教坊工伎。 貞元九年季冬,貢舉人謁先師日與親享廟同,有司言上丁釋奠與大祠同,即用中丁,乃更用日謁於學。 元和九年,禮部奏貢舉人謁先師,自是不復行矣。
In year 28, an edict: spring and autumn upper ding, the Three Excellencies presided; if a great sacrifice coincided, the middle ding; prefectures and counties used upper ding. In Shangyuan 1, Suzong suspended middle and minor sacrifices for drought, but the Cultured Propagation sacrifice was still offered at the Imperial Academy in mid-autumn. In Yongtai 2.8, when the Imperial Academy hall was completed, Libationer Xiao Xin first performed libation; Chancellors Yuan Zai, Du Hongjian, Li Baoyu, regular attendees, and Six Armies generals observed. Since recovering the two capitals, only the great audience used palace suspended music; suburban and temple feasts had ascending song only, and civil and martial dances could not be fully supplied. By then Yu Chaoen performed palace suspended music in the lecture hall, mixed with Instruction Workshop artisans. In Zhenyuan 9 last winter month, examination candidates' visit to the Former Master coincided with the emperor's personal temple feast; officers said upper-ding libation equaled a great sacrifice and used middle ding; thereafter they visited on a regular day. In Yuanhe 9, the Ministry of Rites memorialized that examination candidates visiting the Former Master would no longer be carried out.
19
開元十九年,始置太公尚父廟,以留侯張良配。 中春、中秋上戊祭之,牲、樂之制如文宣。 出師命將,發日引辭于廟。 仍以古名將十人為十哲配享。 天寶六載,詔諸州武舉人上省,先謁太公廟。 乾元元年,太常少卿于休烈奏:「秋享漢祖廟,旁無侍臣,而太公乃以張良配。 子房生漢初,佐高祖定天下,時不與太公接。 古配食廟庭。 皆其佐命; 太公,人臣也,誼無配享。 請以張良配漢祖廟。」
In Kaiyuan 19, the Grand Duke and Fatherly Lord temple was first established, with Marquis of Liu Zhang Liang as associate. In mid-spring and mid-autumn on upper wu it was sacrificed to; victim and music followed the Cultured Propagation King. When troops were ordered out, farewell was taken at the temple on the departure day. Ten ancient famous generals were made the Ten Sages for associated sacrifice. In Tianbao 6, an edict ordered military examination candidates from all prefectures to visit the Grand Duke temple before reaching the capital. In Qianyuan 1, Yu Xiulie memorialized: "In autumn the Han Founder temple is feasted without attendant lords, yet the Grand Duke has Zhang Liang as associate. Zifang was born in early Han, assisted Gaozu to settle the realm, and never met the Grand Duke. In antiquity associated feasting was in the temple court. All were those who aided the mandate; the Grand Duke, a subject, by right had no associated sacrifice. We request Zhang Liang be associated with the Han Founder temple."
20
上元元年,尊太公為武成王,祭典與文宣王比,以歷代良將為十哲象坐侍。 秦武安君白起、漢淮陰侯韓信、蜀丞相諸葛亮、唐尚書右僕射衞國公李靖、司空英國公李勣列於左,漢太子少傅張良、齊大司馬田穰苴、吳將軍孫武、魏西河守吳起、燕昌國君樂毅列於右,以良為配。 後罷中祀,遂不祭。
In Shangyuan 1, the Grand Duke was honored as Martial Completion King; sacrifice matched the Cultured Propagation King, with famous generals of successive ages as seated Ten Sage images. Qin Martial Lord Bai Qi, Han Huaiyin Marquis Han Xin, Shu Chancellor Zhuge Liang, Tang Right Vice Director Duke of Wei Li Jing, and Minister of Works Duke of Ying Li Ji on the left; Han Junior Tutor Zhang Liang, Qi Grand Marshal Tian Rangju, Wu General Sun Wu, Wei Defender of Xihe Wu Qi, and Yan Lord of Chang Le Yue Yi on the right, with Liang as associate. Later middle sacrifices were suspended and it was no longer offered.
21
建中三年,禮儀使顏真卿奏:「治武成廟,請如月令春、秋釋奠。 其追封以王,宜用諸侯之數,樂奏軒縣。」 詔史館考定可配享者,列古今名將凡六十四人圖形焉:越相國范蠡,齊將孫臏,趙信平君廉頗,秦將王翦,漢相國平陽侯曹參、左丞相絳侯周勃、前將軍北平太守李廣、大司馬冠軍侯霍去病,後漢太傅高密侯鄧禹、左將軍膠東侯賈復、執金吾雍奴侯寇恂、伏波將軍新息侯馬援、太尉槐里侯皇甫嵩,魏征東將軍晉陽侯張遼,蜀前將軍漢壽亭侯關羽,吳偏將軍南郡太守周瑜、丞相婁侯陸遜,晉征南大將軍南城侯羊祜、撫軍大將軍襄陽侯王濬,東晉車騎將軍康樂公謝玄,前燕太宰錄尚書太原王慕容恪,宋司空武陵公檀道濟,梁太尉永寧郡公王僧辯,北齊尚書右僕射燕郡公慕容紹宗,周大冢宰齊王宇文憲,隋上柱國新義公韓擒虎、柱國太平公史萬歲,唐右武候大將軍鄂國公尉遲敬德、右武衞大將軍邢國公蘇定方、右武衞大將軍同中書門下平章事韓國公張仁亶、兵部尚書同中書門下三品中山公王晙、夏官尚書同中書門下三品朔方大總管王孝傑; 齊相管仲、安平君田單,趙馬服君趙奢、大將軍武安君李牧,漢梁王彭越、太尉條侯周亞夫、大將軍長平侯衞青、後將軍營平侯趙充國,後漢大司馬廣平侯吳漢、征西大將軍夏陽侯馮異、建威大將軍好畤侯耿弇、太尉新豐侯段熲,魏太尉鄧艾,蜀車騎將軍西鄉侯張飛,吳武威將軍南郡太守孱陵侯呂蒙、大司馬荊州牧陸抗,晉鎮南大將軍當陽侯杜預、太尉長沙公陶偘,前秦丞相王猛,後魏太尉北平王長孫嵩,宋征虜將軍王鎮惡,陳司空南平公吳明徹,北齊右丞相咸陽王斛律光,周太傅大宗伯燕國公于謹、右僕射鄖國公韋孝寬,隋司空尚書令越國公楊素、右武候大將軍宋國公賀若弼,唐司空河間郡王孝恭、禮部尚書聞喜公裴行儉、兵部尚書同中書門下三品代國公郭元振、朔方節度使兼御史大夫張齊丘、太尉中書令尚父汾陽郡王郭子儀。
In Jianzhong 3, Yan Zhenqing memorialized: "In repairing the Martial Completion temple, we request spring and autumn libation as in the Monthly Ordinances. Since posthumous enfeoffment as king should use feudal-lord regulations, music should use hall suspended bells." An edict ordered the History Office to determine those fit for associated sacrifice—sixty-four famous generals ancient and modern with images—including Yue Chancellor Fan Li, Qi General Sun Bin, Zhao Lord of Xinping Lian Po, Qin General Wang Jian, Han Chancellor Marquis of Pingyang Cao Shen, Left Chancellor Marquis of Jiang Zhou Bo, Front General Li Guang, Grand Marshal Huo Qubing, Later Han Deng Yu, Jia Fu, Kou Xun, Ma Yuan, Huangfu Song, Wei Zhang Liao, Shu Guan Yu, Wu Zhou Yu and Lu Xun, Jin Yang Hu and Wang Jun, Eastern Jin Xie Xuan, Former Yan Murong Ke, Song Tan Daoji, Liang Wang Sengbian, Northern Qi Murong Shaozong, Zhou Yuwen Xian, Sui Han Qinhu and Shi Wansui, Tang Yuchi Jingde, Su Dingfang, Zhang Renyuan, Wang Jun, and Wang Xiaojie; also Qi Chancellor Guan Zhong, Lord of Ping'an Tian Dan, Zhao Lord of Mafu Zhao She, Martial Lord Li Mu, Han Peng Yue, Zhou Yafu, Wei Qing, Zhao Chongguo, Later Han Wu Han, Feng Yi, Geng Yan, Duan Gui, Wei Deng Ai, Shu Zhang Fei, Wu Lü Meng and Lu Kang, Jin Du Yu and Tao Kan, Former Qin Wang Meng, Later Wei Changsun Song, Song Wang Zhen'e, Chen Wu Mingche, Northern Qi Hulu Guang, Zhou Yu Jin and Wei Xiaokuan, Sui Yang Su and He Ruobi, Tang Li Xiaogong, Pei Xingjian, Guo Yuanzhen, Zhang Qiqiu, and Guo Ziyi.
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貞元二年,刑部尚書關播奏:「太公古稱大賢,下乃置亞聖,義有未安。 而仲尼十哲,皆當時弟子,今以異時名將,列之弟子,非類也。 請但用古今名將配享,去亞聖十哲之名。」 自是,唯享武成王及留侯,而諸將不復祭矣。
In Zhenyuan 2, Guan Bo memorialized: "The Grand Duke was anciently called a great sage; making him Associate Sage is improper. Yet Confucius's Ten Sages were disciples of his time; ranking generals of another age among disciples is incongruous. We request only famous generals ancient and modern for associated sacrifice, removing Associate Sage and Ten Sages titles." From then on only the Martial Completion King and Marquis of Liu were feasted; the generals were no longer sacrificed to.
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四年,兵部侍郎李紓言:「開元中,太公廟以張良配,以太常卿、少卿三獻,祝文曰:『皇帝遣某敢昭告。』 至上元元年贈太公以王爵,祭典同文宣,有司遂以太尉獻,祝版親署。 夫太公周之太師,張良漢之少傅,今至尊屈禮於臣佐,神何敢歆? 且文宣百世所宗,故樂以宮縣,獻以太尉,尊師崇道也。 太公述作止六韜,勳業著一代,請祝辭不進署,改昭告為敬祭,留侯為致祭,獻官用太常卿以下。」 百官議之,多請如紓言。 左司郎中嚴涗等議曰:「按紓援典訓尊卑之節,當矣,抑猶有未盡。 夫大名徽號,不容虛美,而太公兵權奇計之人耳,當殷之失德,諸侯歸周,遂為佐命。 祀典不云乎,『法施於人則祀之』? 如仲尼祖述堯舜,憲章文武,刪詩書,定禮樂,使君君、臣臣、父父、子子皆宗之,法施於人矣。 貞觀中,以太公兵家者流,始令磻溪立廟。 開元漸著上戊釋奠禮,其進不薄矣。 上元之際,執事者苟意於兵,遂封王爵,號擬文宣,彼於聖人非倫也。 謂宜去武成王號,復為太公廟,奠享之制如紓請。」 刑部員外郎陸淳等議曰:「武成王,殷臣也,紂暴不諫,而佐周傾之。 夫尊道者師其人,使天下之人入是廟,登是堂,稽其人,思其道,則立節死義之士安所奮乎? 聖人宗堯、舜,賢夷、齊,不法桓、文,不贊伊尹,殆謂此也。 武成之名,與文宣偶,非不刊之典也。 臣愚謂罷上元追封立廟,復磻溪祠,有司以時享,斯得矣。」 左領軍大將軍令狐建等二十四人議曰:「兵革未靖,宜右武以起忠烈。 今特貶損,非勸也。 且追王爵,以時祠,為武教主,文、武並宗,典禮已久,改之非也。」 乃詔以將軍為獻官,餘用紓奏。 自是,以上將軍、大將軍、將軍為三獻。
In year 4, Li Shu said: "In Kaiyuan the Grand Duke temple had Zhang Liang as associate, with Director of the Imperial Clan and Vice Director as three offerings; the prayer said: 'The emperor sends So-and-so to respectfully announce. In Shangyuan 1 the Grand Duke received a king's title; sacrifice matched the Cultured Propagation King; officers then used the Grand Commandant as offering and the prayer board bore the emperor's signature. The Grand Duke was Zhou's Grand Tutor; Zhang Liang was Han's Junior Tutor—now the sovereign bends ritual toward a ministerial aide; how dare the spirit receive it? The Cultured Propagation King is honored for a hundred generations; therefore music uses palace suspended bells and the Grand Commandant offers—honoring the teacher and exalting the Way. The Grand Duke's writings stop at the Six Secret Strategies; merit stands for one age—we request the prayer not bear the emperor's signature, change 'announce' to 'respectfully sacrifice,' the Marquis of Liu make the offering, and officers from Vice Director of the Imperial Clan downward." Officials debated; most requested as Shu said. Left Bureau Director Yan Jun and others debated: "According to Shu's citation of canonical gradations of honor, it is fitting, yet still incomplete. Great names cannot bear empty praise; the Grand Duke was merely a man of military stratagem—when Yin lost virtue and feudal lords returned to Zhou, he aided the mandate. Does the canon not say, 'Sacrifice to those whose method was applied to the people'? Zhong Ni traced Yao and Shun, took Wen and Wu as models, edited the Odes and Documents, fixed rites and music, and made lord and minister, father and son take him as ancestor—his method was applied to the people. In Zhenguan, because the Grand Duke was of the military school, a temple was first ordered at Panxi. In Kaiyuan the upper-wu libation ritual gradually took form; the advance was not slight. At Shangyuan, officers favored the military and enfeoffed a king's title rivaling the Cultured Propagation King—he is not of a kind with sages. We say the Martial Completion King title should be removed, restored to the Grand Duke temple, with feast regulations as Shu requested." Vice Director of Justice Lu Chun and others debated: "Martial Completion King was a Yin subject; Zhou was violent and he did not remonstrate, yet he assisted Zhou to overthrow it. To honor the Way is to take its person as teacher; if all under heaven enter this temple and ponder this person and Way, where will those who establish integrity and die for righteousness be roused? Sages honor Yao and Shun, esteem Yi and Qi, do not take Huan and Wen as models, do not praise Yi Yin—probably meaning this. The name Martial Completion paired with Cultured Propagation is not an unalterable canon. We humbly propose abolishing the Shangyuan posthumous enfeoffment and temple, restoring the Panxi shrine, with officers offering at the proper seasons—this would be fitting." Left Army General Linghu Jian and twenty-four others debated: "Arms are not yet stilled; the military should be favored to rouse loyal fierceness. Now to demote specially is not encouragement. Moreover posthumous kingly title with timely sacrifice as martial cult-master, with civil and martial both honored—the ritual canon is long established; to change it would be wrong." An edict made the general the offering officer; the rest followed Shu's memorial. From then on the Upper General, Grand General, and General were the three offerings.
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其五岳、四鎮,歲一祭,各以五郊迎氣日祭之。 東岳岱山於兗州,東鎮沂山於沂州,南岳衡山於衡州,南鎮會稽於越州,中岳嵩高於河南,西岳華山於華州,西鎮吳山於隴州,北岳常山於定州,北鎮醫無閭於營州,東海於萊州,淮於唐州,南海於廣州,江於益州,西海及河於同州,北海及濟於河南。
The Five Sacred Peaks and Four Guardians were sacrificed to once a year, each on the day the five suburbs welcomed the season's qi. Eastern Peak Mount Dai in Yanzhou, Eastern Guardian Mount Yi in Yizhou, Southern Peak Mount Heng in Hengzhou, Southern Guardian Kuaiji in Yuezhou, Central Peak Songgao in Henan, Western Peak Mount Hua in Huazhou, Western Guardian Mount Wu in Longzhou, Northern Peak Mount Chang in Dingzhou, Northern Guardian Yiwulü in Yingzhou, Eastern Sea in Laizhou, Huai in Tangzhou, Southern Sea in Guangzhou, Yangtze in Yizhou, Western Sea and Yellow River in Tongzhou, Northern Sea and Ji in Henan.
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Collation notes for this chapter.