Volume 17 Treatises 7: Rites and Music 7

嘉禮一

Auspicious Rites I

四曰嘉禮。

The fourth category is auspicious rites.

皇帝加元服

The Emperor's Coming-of-Age Investiture

皇帝加元服。

The emperor receives the additional cap of adulthood.

有司卜日，告於天地宗廟。

Officials select the day by divination and report it to Heaven, Earth, and the ancestral temples.

前一日，尚舍設席於太極殿中楹之間，莞筵紛純，加藻席緇純，加次席黼純。有司設次，展縣，設案，陣車輦。設文官五品以上位於縣東，武官于縣西，六品以下皆於橫街之南，北上。朝集使分方于文武官當品之下，諸親位於四品、五品之下，皇宗親在東，異姓親在西。籓客分方各於朝集使六品之南，諸州使人於朝集使九品之後。又設太師、太尉位於橫街之南，道東，北面西上。典儀于縣東北，贊者二人在南，少退，俱西向。又設門外位於東西朝堂，如元日。

The day before, the Palace Provisioners lay mats between the central pillars of the Hall of Supreme Ultimate—rush mats with dark trim, algae mats with black trim, and secondary mats with embroidered trim. Officials arrange side pavilions, hang the bell-chimes, set offering tables, and line up chariots and palanquins. Fifth-rank civil officials and above stood east of the bells; military officials west; sixth rank and below lined the south side of Cross Street, facing north with west at their right. Regional assembly envoys took positions by quarter below officials of matching rank; relatives below fourth and fifth rank—with imperial clans east, unrelated kin west. Foreign guests were placed by direction south of sixth-rank assembly envoys; prefectural envoys behind ninth-rank assembly envoys. The Grand Tutor and Grand Mentor stood south of Cross Street on the east side of the road, facing north with west at their right. The master of ceremonies northeast of the bells; two announcers south of him, slightly back, all facing west. Gate positions were set in the east and west audience halls as on New Year's Day.

其日，侍中版奏「請中嚴」。太樂令、鼓吹令帥工人入就位。有司設罍洗于阼階東南，設席于東房內，近西，張帷於東序外。殿中監陳袞服于內席，東領，緇纚、玉簪及櫛三物同箱，在服南。又設莞筵一，紛純，加藻席緇純，加次席黼純，在南。尚食實醴尊於東序外帷內，坫在尊北，實角、觶、柶各一。饌陳於尊西，籩、豆各十二；俎三，在籩、豆之北。設罍洗於尊東。袞冕、玉導置於箱。太常博士一人，立於西階下，東面。諸侍衛之官俱詣閣奉迎，典儀帥贊者及群官以次入就位。太常博士引太常卿升西階，立于西房外，當戶北向。侍中版奏「外辦」。皇帝服空頂黑介幘、絳紗袍，出自西房，即御座立。太師、太尉入就位。典儀曰：「再拜。」贊者承傳，在位者皆再拜。太師升自西階，立於東階上，東面。太尉詣阼階下罍洗，盥手，升自東階，詣東房，取纚櫛箱進，跪奠於御座西端。太師詣御座前跪奏曰：「坐。」皇帝坐。太尉當前少左，跪，脫幘置於箱，櫛畢，設纚，興，少西，東面立。太師降，盥，受冕，右執頂，左執前，升自西階，當前少左，祝曰：「令月吉日，始加元服。壽考惟祺，以介景福。」乃跪，冠，興，復西階上位。太尉前，少左，跪，設簪，結纓，興，復位。皇帝興，適東房。殿中監徹櫛纚箱以退。

That day the attendant-in-chief reported on the tally board, "Request mid-solemnity." The Directors of Imperial and Processional Music led musicians to their stations. Officials placed a lavabo southeast of the eastern steps; a mat in the east inner chamber near the west wall; curtains outside the east wing. The palace superintendent laid out dragon robes on the inner mat, collar east; black headband, jade pin, and comb together in a box south of the robes. Another rush mat with dark trim, algae mat with black trim, and secondary embroidered mat were placed to the south. The Imperial Commissary set the ceremonial wine vessel inside the east-wing curtain; the altar mound north of it, with one horn, goblet, and ladle each. Offerings west of the vessel: twelve baskets and twelve stands each; three meat trays north of the baskets and stands. A lavabo was placed east of the vessel. The dragon coronet and jade hairpin guide went in the box. One Erudite of the Imperial Sacrifices stood below the west steps, facing east. Guard officials went to the gate to welcome; the master of ceremonies led announcers and officials in by rank to their stations. The Erudite led the Director up the west steps to stand outside the west chamber, north-facing at the door. The attendant-in-chief reported, "Outer preparations complete." Wearing open-topped black cap and crimson gauze robe, the emperor came from the west chamber and took the imperial seat. The Grand Tutor and Grand Mentor entered to their stations. The master of ceremonies called, "Bow twice." Announcers relayed the call; everyone in place bowed twice. The Grand Tutor climbed the west steps and stood on the east landing, facing east. The Grand Mentor washed at the lavabo below the east steps, entered the east chamber, brought the headband-and-comb box, knelt, and set it at the west end of the imperial seat. The Grand Tutor knelt before the seat and said, "Be seated." The emperor sat. The Grand Mentor stepped forward left, knelt, removed the cap into the box, combed, set the headband, rose, stepped slightly west, and stood east-facing. The Grand Tutor descended, washed, took the coronet—right hand on the crown, left on the front—climbed the west steps, stepped forward left, and prayed: "On this good day of this month, he first receives the cap of adulthood. May long life and blessing bring vast fortune." He knelt, crowned him, rose, and returned to the west-step position. The Grand Mentor stepped forward left, knelt, set the hairpin and tied the cap tassel, rose, and returned. The emperor rose and went to the east chamber. The palace superintendent took away the comb-and-headband box and withdrew.

皇帝袞服出，即席南向坐。太尉詣序外帷內，盥手，洗觶，酌醴，加柶覆之，面葉，立於序內，南面。太師進，受醴，面柄，前，北向祝曰：「甘醴唯厚，嘉薦令芳。承天之休，壽考不忘。」退，降立於西階下，東面。將祝，殿中監率進饌者奉饌設于前，皇帝左執觶，右取脯，擩於棨，祭於籩、豆之間。太尉取鸑一以進，皇帝奠觶于薦西，受棨，舒左執本，右絕末以祭，上左手嚌之，授太尉。太尉加于俎，降，立于太師之南。皇帝帨手取觶，以柶祭醴，啐醴，建柶，奠觶於薦東。太師、太尉復橫街南位。典儀曰：「再拜。」贊者承傳，在位者皆再拜。太師、太尉出。侍中前，跪奏「禮畢」。皇帝興，入自東房，在位者以次出。

The emperor emerged in dragon robes and sat facing south on the mat. The Grand Mentor entered the outer east-wing curtain, washed, rinsed the goblet, poured ceremonial wine, covered it with ladle handle out, and stood inside facing south. The Grand Tutor advanced, received the wine handle-first, stepped forward, and north-facing prayed: "Sweet wine is rich; fine offerings fragrant. Heaven's favor—may long life never be forgotten." He withdrew and stood below the west steps, facing east. Before the prayer, the palace superintendent led servers to set food; the emperor held the goblet left, took dried meat right, dipped it on the stick, and offered between baskets and stands. The Grand Mentor presented one sliced bird; the emperor set the goblet west of the mat, took the stick, left on the base, right severed the tip to offer, tasted with the left hand, and gave it to the Grand Mentor. The Grand Mentor set it on the tray, descended, and stood south of the Grand Tutor. The emperor wiped his hands, took the goblet, offered to the wine with the ladle, tasted the wine, set the ladle upright, and placed the goblet east of the mat. The Grand Tutor and Grand Mentor returned south of Cross Street. The master of ceremonies called, "Bow twice." Announcers relayed; all in place bowed twice. The Grand Tutor and Grand Mentor left. The attendant-in-chief knelt and reported, "The rite is complete." The emperor rose, entered by the east chamber; attendees left in order.

皇太子加元服

The Crown Prince's Coming-of-Age Investiture

皇太子加元服。

The crown prince receives the additional cap of adulthood.

有司豫奏司徒一人為賓，卿一人為贊冠，吏部承以戒之。

Officials beforehand nominated one Minister of Education as guest and one minister as cap-assistant; the Ministry of Personnel delivered the charge.

前一日，尚舍設禦幄於太極殿，有司設群官之次位，展縣，設案，陳車輿，皆如皇帝之冠。設賓受命位於橫街南道東，贊冠位於其後，少東，皆北面。又設文武官門外位於順天門外道東、西。

The day before, Palace Provisioners set the imperial canopy in the Hall of Supreme Ultimate; officials arranged ranks, bells, tables, and chariots as for the emperor's crowning. The guest's charge-reception spot was south of Cross Street on the road's east side; the cap-assistant behind, slightly east—both north-facing. Outside positions for civil and military officials were set east and west outside the Gate of Compliance with Heaven.

其日，侍中奏「請中嚴」。群官有司皆就位。賓、贊入，立於太極門外道東，西面。黃門侍郎引主節持幡節，中書侍郎引制書案，立于樂縣東南，西面北上。侍中奏「外辦」。皇帝服通天冠、絳紗袍，乘輿出自西房，即禦坐。賓、贊入就位。典儀曰：「再拜。」在位皆再拜。侍中及舍人前承制，侍中降至賓前，稱「有制」。公再拜。侍中曰：「將加冠於某之首，公其將事。」公少進，北面再拜稽首，辭曰：「臣不敏，恐不能供事，敢辭。」侍中升奏，又承制降，稱：「制旨，公其將事，無辭。」公再拜。侍中、舍人至卿前稱敕旨，卿再拜。侍中曰：「將加冠於某之首，卿宜贊冠。」卿再拜。黃門侍郎執節立于賓東北，西面。賓再拜受節，付於主節，又再拜。中書侍郎取制書立賓東北，西面，賓再拜，受制書，又再拜。典儀曰：「再拜。」贊者承傳，在位皆再拜。賓、贊出，皇帝降坐，入自東房，在位者以次出。初，賓、贊出門，以制書置於案，引以幡節，威儀鐃吹及九品以上，皆詣東宮朝堂。

That day the attendant-in-chief reported, "Request mid-solemnity." Officials and relevant offices took their stations. Guest and assistant entered and stood east outside the Gate of Supreme Ultimate, west-facing. The Gentleman of the Yellow Gate led the chief protocol officer with banner and staff; the Vice Director of the Secretariat led the edict case—southeast of the bells, west-facing, north at their right. The attendant-in-chief reported, "Outer preparations complete." Wearing penetrating-heaven cap and crimson gauze robe, the emperor rode out from the west chamber and took the seat. Guest and assistant entered to their stations. The master of ceremonies called, "Bow twice." Everyone in place bowed twice. The attendant-in-chief and clerks advanced for the edict; the attendant-in-chief descended to the guest and said, "There is an edict." The duke bowed twice. The attendant-in-chief said, "The cap will be placed on the prince's head; undertake the office, my lord." The duke stepped forward, kowtowed north, and declined: "I am not adept and fear I cannot serve—I venture to decline." The attendant-in-chief reported upward, descended again, and said, "By imperial intent you shall serve—no declining." The duke bowed twice. The attendant-in-chief and clerks announced the edict to the minister; the minister bowed twice. The attendant-in-chief said, "The cap will be placed on the prince's head; assist the crowning, minister." The minister bowed twice. The Gentleman of the Yellow Gate held the staff northeast of the guest, west-facing. The guest bowed twice to receive the staff, gave it to the chief protocol officer, and bowed twice again. The Vice Director took the edict northeast of the guest, west-facing; the guest bowed twice, received it, and bowed twice again. The master of ceremonies called, "Bow twice." Announcers relayed; all bowed twice. Guest and assistant left; the emperor left the seat, entered by the east chamber; attendees left in order. When guest and assistant left, the edict was set on the case; they led with banner and staff; honor guard, drums, and ranks through ninth all went to the Eastern Palace audience hall.

冠前一日，衛尉設賓次於重明門外道西，南向，贊冠於其西南。又設次於門內道西，以待賓、贊。又設皇太子位於閣外道東，西向。三師位於道西，三少位於其南，少退，俱東向。又設軒縣于庭，皇太子受制位於縣北，解劍席于東北，皆北面。

The day before crowning, the Commandant of the Guard set the guest pavilion west outside the Gate of Double Brightness, south-facing; the cap-assistant southwest of it. Another pavilion west inside the gate awaited guest and assistant. The crown prince's station was set east outside the pavilion, west-facing. Three tutors west of the road; three juniors south of them, slightly back—all east-facing. Court bells were hung in the courtyard; the prince's edict station north of them; sword-removal mats northeast—all north-facing.

冠日平明，宮臣皆朝服，其餘公服，集於重明門外朝堂。宗正卿乘車侍從，詣左春坊權停。左右二率各勒所部，屯門列仗。左庶子版奏「請中嚴」。群官有司入就位。設罍洗于東階東南。設冠席於殿上東壁下少南，西向；賓席於西階上，東向；主人席于皇太子席西南，西向；三師席于冠席北，三少席于冠席南。張帷於東序內，設褥席於帷中。又張帷於序外冠席。內直郎陳服於帷內，東領北上：袞冕，金飾象笏；遠遊冠。緇布冠，服玄衣、素裳、素韡、白紗中單、青領褾紘裾，履、襪，革帶、大帶，笏。緇纚、犀簪二物同箱，在服南。櫛實於箱，又在南。莞筵四，藻席四，又在南。良紘令實側尊甒醴於序外帷內，設罍洗於尊東，實巾一，角觶、柶各一。太官令實饌豆九、籩九於尊西，俎三在豆北。袞冕，遠遊三梁冠、黑介幘，緇布冠青組纓屬於冠，冠、冕各一箱。奉禮郎三人各執立於西階之西，東面北上。主人、贊冠者宗正卿為主人，庶子為贊冠者。升，詣東序帷內少北、戶東，西立。典謁引群官以次入就位。

At dawn on crowning day, palace officials wore court dress; others official dress, gathering outside the Gate of Double Brightness. The Director of the Imperial Clan rode with attendants and paused at the Left Spring Palace. Left and right commandants mustered their sections and posted guards at the gate. The Left Chamberlain reported, "Request mid-solemnity." Officials and relevant offices entered to their stations. A lavabo was placed southeast of the east steps. The crowning mat was laid slightly south under the hall's east wall, west-facing; The guest's seat on the west steps faced east; the host's seat southwest of the prince's seat, west-facing; three tutors north of the crowning seat, three juniors south of it. Curtains hung inside the east wing; cushioned mats within. More curtains hung outside the wing at the crowning seat. The inner attendant laid out robes in the curtains, collars north ascending west: dragon robes and gold-trimmed ivory tablet; the far-travel cap. Black cloth cap; black upper, plain lower, plain knee-covers; white gauze inner robe with blue collar and lapel; shoes, socks, leather and great belts; tablet. Black headband and rhinoceros pin together in a box south of the robes. The comb in the box, farther south. Four rush mats and four algae mats, again to the south. The Director of Ceremonial Cords set the side urn with dark wine inside the outer east-wing curtain; lavabo east of the urn; one cloth; one horn, goblet, and ladle each. The Imperial Kitchen Director set nine food stands and nine baskets west of the urn; three trays north of the stands. Dragon robes; far-travel three-ridge cap with black cap; black cloth cap with blue cord tassel on the cap—coronet and cap each in its own box. Three Masters of Ceremonies stood west of the west steps, each holding regalia, east-facing with north at their right. Host and cap-assistant: the Director of the Imperial Clan served as host; the Chamberlain as cap-assistant. They ascended to the east-wing curtain, slightly north and east of the door, and stood facing west. The master of audiences led officials in by rank to their stations.

初，賓、贊入次，左庶子版奏「外辦」。通事舍人引三師等入就閣外道西位，東面立。皇太子空頂黑介幘、雙童髻、彩衣、紫褲褶、織成褾領、綠紳、烏皮履，乘輿以出。洗馬迎於閣門外，左庶子請降輿，洗馬引之道東位，西向立。左庶子請再拜。三師、三少答拜。乃就階東南位。三師在前，三少在後，千牛二人夾左右，其餘仗衛列于師、保之外。皇太子乃出迎賓，至阼階東，西面立。宗正卿立於門東，西面。賓立於西，東面。宗正卿再拜，賓不答拜。賓入，主人從入，立于縣東北，西面。賓入，贊冠者從，賓詣殿階間，南面。贊冠者立於賓西南，東面。節在賓東少南，西面。制案在贊冠西南，東面。賓執制，皇太子詣受制位，北面立。主節脫節衣，賓稱「有制」。皇太子再拜。宣詔曰：「有制，皇太子某，吉日元服，率由舊章，命太尉某就宮展禮。」皇太子再拜。少傅進詣賓前，受制書，以授皇太子，付于庶子。皇太子升東階，入於東序帷內，近北，南面立。賓升西階，及宗正卿各立席後。

When guest and assistant entered the pavilion, the Left Chamberlain reported, "Outer preparations complete." The Master of Affairs led the three tutors to the west station outside the pavilion, east-facing. The crown prince wore open black cap, double child topknots, colored robe, purple trousers-jacket, brocade lapel, green sash, and black shoes, and rode out. The Groom of the Heir welcomed outside the gate; the Left Chamberlain asked him to descend; the Groom led him to the east roadside station, west-facing. The Left Chamberlain called for a double bow. The three tutors and three juniors returned the bow. He then took the station southeast of the steps. Three tutors ahead, three juniors behind; two Thousand-Ox guards flanking; other guards outside the tutors and protectors. The crown prince went out to welcome the guest and stood west of the east steps. The Director of the Imperial Clan stood east of the gate, west-facing. The guest stood west, east-facing. The Director bowed twice; the guest did not return the bow. The guest entered; the host followed and stood northeast of the bells, west-facing. The guest entered with the cap-assistant; the guest stood between the hall steps, south-facing. The cap-assistant stood southwest of the guest, east-facing. The staff stood east of the guest, slightly south, west-facing. The edict case southwest of the cap-assistant, east-facing. The guest held the edict; the crown prince went to the edict station and stood north-facing. The chief protocol officer removed the staff cover; the guest said, "There is an edict." The crown prince bowed twice. The edict ran: "By edict: Crown Prince So-and-so, on this auspicious day receives the cap of adulthood per ancient statute; Grand Mentor So-and-so is ordered to the palace to perform the rite." The crown prince bowed twice. The Junior Tutor advanced, received the written edict, handed it to the crown prince, who gave it to the Chamberlain. The crown prince climbed the east steps, entered the east-wing curtain near the north, and stood south-facing. The guest climbed the west steps; he and the Director each stood behind the seats.

初，賓升，贊冠者詣罍洗，盥手，升自東階帷內，于主人冠贊之南，俱西面。主人贊冠者引皇太子出，立于席東，西面。賓贊冠者取纚、櫛二箱，坐奠於筵。皇太子進，升筵，西面坐。賓之贊冠者東面坐，脫幘置於箱，櫛畢，設纚，興，少北，南面立。執緇布冠升，賓降一等受之，右執頂，左執前，進，東向立，祝曰：「令月吉日，始加元服。棄厥幼志，慎其成德。壽考惟祺，以介景福。」乃跪，冠，興，復位。皇太子東面立，賓揖皇太子，贊冠者引適東序帷內，服玄衣素裳之服以出，立于席東，西面。賓揖皇太子升筵，西向坐。賓之贊冠者進，跪脫緇布冠置於箱，興，復位。賓降二等，受遠遊冠，右執頂，左執前，進，祝曰：「吉月令辰，乃申嘉服，克敬威儀，式昭厥德。眉壽萬歲，永壽胡福。」乃跪，冠，興，復位。皇太子興，賓揖皇太子，贊冠者引適東序帷內，朝服以出，立于席東，西面。賓揖皇太子升筵坐，賓之贊冠者跪脫遠遊冠，興，復位。賓降三等受冕，右執頂，左執前，進，祝曰：「以歲之正，以月之令。咸加其服，以成厥德。萬壽無疆，承天之慶。」乃跪，冠，興，復位。每冠，皆贊冠者跪設簪、結纓。

When the guest ascended, the cap-assistant washed at the lavabo, entered the east-wing curtain by the east steps, south of the host's cap-assistant—all west-facing. The host's cap-assistant led the crown prince out east of the seat, west-facing. The guest's cap-assistant set the headband and comb boxes on the mat. The crown prince advanced, mounted the seat, and sat west-facing. The guest's cap-assistant sat east-facing, removed the cap into the box, combed, set the headband, rose slightly north, and stood south-facing. The black-cloth-cap bearer ascended; the guest stepped down one rank to receive it—right on the crown, left on the front—advanced, stood east, and prayed: "On this good day of this month, he first receives the cap of adulthood. Leave childish aims behind; guard mature virtue. May long life and blessing bring vast fortune." He knelt, crowned him, rose, and returned. The crown prince stood east-facing; the guest bowed; the cap-assistant led him into the east-wing curtain, dressed him in black upper and plain lower garments, and brought him out west-facing east of the seat. The guest bowed the prince up to the seat to sit west-facing. The guest's cap-assistant knelt, removed the black cloth cap into the box, rose, and returned. The guest stepped down two ranks, took the far-travel cap, advanced, and prayed: "On this auspicious month and hour he dons fine dress; keep dignified bearing to show his virtue. May his brow live ten thousand years; eternal life and blessing." He knelt, crowned him, rose, and returned. The prince rose; the guest bowed; the cap-assistant dressed him in court robes in the east-wing curtain and brought him out west-facing. The guest bowed the prince to the seat; the cap-assistant knelt, removed the far-travel cap, rose, and returned. The guest stepped down three ranks, took the coronet, advanced, and prayed: "By the year's correctness, by the month's ordinance. May added dress complete his virtue. Ten thousand years without end; receive Heaven's celebration." He knelt, crowned him, rose, and returned. At each crowning the cap-assistant knelt to set pin and tie the cap tassel.

皇太子興，賓揖皇太子適東序，服袞冕之服以出，立于席東，西面。贊冠者徹纚、櫛箱以入，又取筵入於帷內。主人贊冠者又設醴，皇太子席于室戶西，南向，下莞上藻。賓之贊冠者於東序外帷內，盥手洗觶。典膳郎酌醴，加柶覆之，面柄，授贊冠，立於序內，南面。賓揖皇太子就筵西，南面立。賓進，受醴，加柶，面柄，進，北向立，祝曰：「甘醴唯厚，嘉薦令芳。拜受祭之，以定厥祥。承天之休，壽考不忘。」皇太子拜，受觶。賓復位，東面答拜。贊冠者與進饌者奉饌設於筵前，皇太子升筵坐，左執觶，右取脯，擩於棨，祭於籩、豆之間。贊冠者取韭菹，遍擩於豆，以授皇太子，又祭於籩、豆之間。贊冠者取鸑一，以授皇太子，皇太子奠觶于薦西，興，受鸑，卻左手執本坐，繚右手絕末以祭。止，左手嚌之，興，以授贊冠者，加於俎。皇太子坐，帨手取觶，以柶祭醴三，始扱一祭，又扱再祭，加柶於觶，面葉，興，筵末坐，啐醴，建柶，興，降筵西，南面坐，奠觶，再拜，執觶，興。賓答拜。皇太子降，立於西階之東，南面。賓降，立於西階之西少南，贊冠隨降，立於賓西南，皆東面。賓少進，字之，祝曰：「禮儀既備，令月吉日。昭告厥字，君子攸宜。宜之於嘏，永受保之。奉敕字某。」皇太子再拜曰：「某雖不敏，敢不祗奉。」又再拜。洗馬引太子降阼階位，三師在南，北面，三少在北，南面立。皇太子西面再拜，三師等各再拜以出。典儀曰：「再拜。」贊者承傳，在位者皆再拜。左庶子前，稱「禮畢」。皇太子乘輿以入，侍臣從至閣，賓、贊及宗正卿出就會。

The prince rose; the guest bowed him to the east wing; he emerged in dragon robes west-facing east of the seat. The cap-assistant took the headband and comb boxes in and carried the mats into the curtain. The host's cap-assistant set the wine again; the prince's seat west of the chamber door, south-facing, rush below and algae above. The guest's cap-assistant washed and rinsed the goblet inside the outer east-wing curtain. The Director of Palace Food poured wine, covered it ladle handle out, gave it to the cap-assistant, who stood inside the wing south-facing. The guest bowed the prince to the seat's west to stand south-facing. The guest advanced, received the wine ladle handle out, stepped forward north-facing, and prayed: "Sweet wine is rich; fine offerings fragrant. Bow, receive, and offer it to fix his good fortune. Heaven's favor—may long life never be forgotten." The crown prince bowed and received the goblet. The guest returned east-facing and answered the bow. Cap-assistant and servers set food; the prince sat on the seat, goblet in left hand, took dried meat right, dipped on the stick, and offered between baskets and stands. The cap-assistant took leek pickle, dipped it across the stand, gave it to the prince, who offered again between baskets and stands. The cap-assistant gave one sliced bird; the prince set the goblet west of the mat, rose, received the bird, sat with left on the base, right severing the tip to offer. He tasted with the left hand, rose, gave it to the cap-assistant, who set it on the tray. The prince sat, wiped his hands, took the goblet, offered to the wine three times—first one dip, then two—set the ladle on the goblet handle out, rose, sat at the seat's end, tasted the wine, set the ladle upright, descended west of the seat south-facing, set down the goblet, bowed twice, and rose with the goblet. The guest returned the bow. The crown prince descended to stand east of the west steps, south-facing. The guest descended west of the west steps, slightly south; the cap-assistant followed southwest of the guest—all east-facing. The guest stepped forward to confer the style name: "Rites are complete on this good day of this month. Proclaim his style name—fit for a gentleman. Fit for blessing; may he receive and keep it forever. By edict the style name is So-and-so." The crown prince bowed twice and said, "Though I am not adept, I dare not fail in reverent obedience." He bowed twice again. The Groom led the prince down the east steps; three tutors south north-facing; three juniors north south-facing. The prince bowed twice west-facing; the three tutors and others each bowed twice and left. The master of ceremonies called, "Bow twice." Announcers relayed; all in place bowed twice. The Left Chamberlain announced, "The rite is complete." The crown prince rode in; attendants followed to the pavilion; guest, assistant, and Director went out to the reception.

皇子冠

Crowning of Imperial Princes

皇子冠。

Crowning of imperial princes.

前三日，本司帥其屬筮日、筮賓於聽事。前二日，主人至賓之門外次，東面，賓立於阼階下，西面，儐者進于左，北面，受命出，立於門東，西面，曰：「敢請事。」主人曰：「皇子某王將加冠，請某公教之。」儐者入告，賓出，立于門左，西面，再拜。主人答拜。主人曰：「皇子某王將加冠，願某公教之。」賓曰：「某不敏，恐不能共事，敢辭。」主人曰：「某猶願某公教之。」賓曰：「王重有命，其敢不從。」主人再拜而還，賓拜送。命贊冠者亦如之。

Three days prior, the responsible office led subordinates to divine the day and guest in the audience hall. Two days before, the host came to the guest's outer pavilion east-facing; the guest stood below the east steps west-facing; the usher advanced left, faced north, received instructions, came out east of the gate west-facing, and said, "I venture to ask the matter." The host said, "Prince So-and-so will be capped; I ask Lord So-and-so to instruct him." The usher reported inward; the guest came out, stood west of the gate's left, and bowed twice. The host returned the bow. The host said, "Prince So-and-so will be capped; I wish Lord So-and-so to instruct him." The guest said, "I am not adept and fear I cannot serve—I venture to decline." The host said, "I still ask Lord So-and-so to instruct him." The guest said, "The prince has urgently commanded; how dare I not obey?" The host bowed twice and withdrew; the guest bowed him off. The cap-assistant was charged in the same way.

冠之日，夙興，設洗于阼階東南，席于東房內西墉下。陳衣于席，東領北上：袞冕，遠遊冠，緇布冠。緇纚、犀簪、櫛實於箱，在服南。莞筵、藻席各三，在南。設尊于房戶之外西，兩甒玄酒在西，加勺冪。設坫於尊東，置二爵於坫，加冪。豆十、籩十在服北，俎三在籩、豆之北。質明，賓、贊至於主人大門外之次，遠遊三梁、緇布冠各一箱，各一人執之，待於西階之西，東面北上。設主人之席于阼階上，西面；賓席於西階上，東面；皇子席于室戶東、房戶西，南面。俱下莞上藻。主人立于阼階下，當東房，西面。諸親立于罍洗東南，西面北上。儐者立於門內道南，北面。皇子雙童髻、空頂幘、彩褲褶、錦紳、烏皮履，立于房內，南面。主人贊冠者立于房內戶東，西面。賓及贊冠者出，立於門西，贊冠者少退，俱東面北上。

On crowning day at dawn they set a lavabo southeast of the east steps and a mat below the east room's west wall. Robes on the mat, collars north ascending west: dragon robes, far-travel cap, black cloth cap. Black headband, rhinoceros pin, and comb in a box south of the robes. Three rush mats and three algae mats to the south. An urn west outside the chamber door; two dark-wine jars west with ladles and covers. An altar mound east of the urn; two wine cups on it, covered. Ten stands and ten baskets north of the robes; three trays north of them. At first light guest and assistant reached the host's outer pavilion; far-travel three-ridge and black cloth caps each in a box with a bearer, waiting west of the west steps east-facing. The host's seat on the east steps faced west; the guest's seat on the west steps faced east; the prince's seat east of the chamber door and west of the inner room door, south-facing. All with rush below and algae above. The host stood below the east steps opposite the east room, west-facing. Kinsmen stood southeast of the lavabo, west-facing with north at their right. The usher stood south of the inner gate road, north-facing. The prince wore double child topknots, open cap, colored trousers-jacket, brocade sash, black shoes, and stood in the room south-facing. The host's cap-assistant stood east of the inner room door, west-facing. Guest and cap-assistant came out west of the gate; the cap-assistant slightly behind—all east-facing.

儐者受命于主人，出，立於門東，西面，曰：「敢請事。」賓曰：「皇子某王將加冠、某謹應命。」儐者入告，主人出迎賓，西面再拜，賓答拜。主人揖贊冠者，贊冠者報揖，主人又揖賓，賓報。主人入，賓、贊冠者以次入，及內門，主人揖賓，賓入，贊冠者從之。至內霤，將曲揖，賓報揖。至階，主人立于階東，西面；賓立於階西，東面。主人曰：「請公升。」賓曰：「某備將事，敢辭。」主人曰：「固請公升。」賓曰：「某敢固辭。」主人曰：「終請公升。」賓曰：「某敢終辭。」主人升自阼階，立于席東，西向；賓升自西階，立于席西，東向。贊冠者及庭，盥於洗，升自西階，入于東房，立于主人贊冠者之南，俱西面。

The usher took orders from the host, came out east of the gate west-facing, and said, "I venture to ask the matter." The guest said, "Prince So-and-so will be capped; I respectfully accept the charge." The usher reported; the host came out, bowed twice west-facing; the guest returned the bow. The host bowed to the cap-assistant, who returned it; the host bowed again to the guest, who returned it. The host entered; guest and cap-assistant followed in order; at the inner gate the host bowed the guest in; the cap-assistant followed. At the inner eaves they bowed before turning; the guest returned the bow. At the steps the host stood east of them, west-facing; the guest stood west of them, east-facing. The host said, "Please ascend, my lord." The guest said, "I am ready to serve—I venture to decline." The host said, "I firmly ask you to ascend." The guest said, "I venture to decline again." The host said, "Finally I ask you to ascend." The guest said, "I must decline once more." The host climbed the east steps and stood east of the seat, west-facing; the guest climbed the west steps and stood west of the seat, east-facing. The cap-assistant washed in the courtyard, climbed the west steps, entered the east room south of the host's cap-assistant—all west-facing.

主人贊冠者引皇子出，立于房戶外西，南面。賓之贊冠者取纚、櫛、簪箱，跪奠于皇子筵東端，興，席東少北，南面立。賓揖皇子，賓、主俱即座。皇子進，升席，南面坐。賓之贊冠者進筵前，北面，跪脫雙童髻置於箱，櫛畢，設纚。賓降，盥，主從降。賓東面辭曰：「願主不降。」主人曰：「公降辱，敢不從降。」賓既盥，詣西階。賓、主一揖一讓，升。主人立于席後，西面，賓立於西階上，東面。執緇布冠者升，賓降一等受之，右執頂，左執前，北面跪，冠，興，復西階上席後，東面立。皇子興，賓揖皇子適房，賓、主俱坐。皇子服青衣素裳之服，出房戶西，南面立。賓揖皇子，皇子進，立于席後，南面。賓降，盥，主人從降，辭對如初。賓跪取爵於篚，興，洗，詣西階，賓、主一揖一讓，升，坐，主人立于席後，西面。賓詣酒尊所，酌酒進皇子筵前，北向立，祝曰：「旨酒既清，嘉薦亶時。始加元服，兄弟具來。孝友時格，永乃保之。」皇子筵西拜爵，賓復西階上，東面答拜。執饌者薦籩、豆于皇子筵前。皇子升座，左執爵，右取脯，扌需於棨，祭於籩、豆之間，祭酒，興，筵末坐，啐酒，執爵，興，降筵，奠爵，再拜，執爵興。賓答拜。冠者升筵，跪奠爵於薦東，興，立於筵西，南面。執饌者徹薦爵。

The host's cap-assistant led the prince out west of the inner room door, south-facing. The guest's cap-assistant knelt and set the headband, comb, and pin box at the east end of the prince's seat, then stood slightly north, south-facing. The guest bowed to the prince; guest and host both sat. The prince advanced, mounted the seat, and sat south-facing. The guest's cap-assistant knelt north-facing before the seat, removed the double topknots into the box, combed, and set the headband. The guest descended to wash; the host followed. The guest declined east-facing: "I wish the host not to descend." The host said, "When you descend it honors me—I dare not fail to descend." After washing, the guest went to the west steps. Guest and host exchanged one bow and one yield, then ascended. The host stood behind the seat west-facing; the guest on the west steps east-facing. The black-cloth-cap bearer ascended; the guest stepped down one rank, received it right on crown left on front, knelt north-facing to crown him, rose, and stood east-facing behind the west-step seat. The prince rose; the guest bowed him to the inner room; guest and host sat. The prince dressed in green upper and plain lower garments and came out south-facing west of the inner room door. The guest bowed the prince forward to stand south-facing behind the seat. The guest descended to wash; the host followed; decline and reply as before. The guest knelt, took a cup from the basket, rinsed it, went to the west steps; guest and host exchanged bow and yield, ascended and sat; the host stood west-facing behind the seat. The guest poured wine at the urn, advanced before the prince's seat north-facing, and prayed: "Fine wine is clear; offerings timely. He first receives the cap of adulthood; brothers all attend. Filial piety and fraternity in season; may he keep it forever." The prince bowed west of the seat; the guest returned to the west steps east-facing and answered. Servers presented baskets and stands before the prince's seat. The prince sat on the seat, cup in left hand, took dried meat right, dipped on the stick, offered between baskets and stands and to the wine, rose, sat at the seat's end, tasted the wine, descended, set down the cup, bowed twice, and rose with the cup. The guest returned the bow. The crowner knelt and set the cup east of the offering mat, rose, and stood south-facing west of the seat. Servers removed the offering cup.

賓揖皇子，皇子進，升筵，南向坐。賓之贊冠者跪脫緇布冠，置於箱。賓降二等，受遠遊冠，冠之。皇子興，賓揖皇子適房，賓、主俱坐。皇子服朝服，出房戶西，南面立。賓、主俱興，賓揖皇子，皇子進，立于席後，南面。賓詣尊所，取爵酌酒，進皇子筵前，北向立，祝曰：「旨酒既湑，嘉薦伊脯。乃申其服，禮儀有序。祭此嘉爵，承天之祜。」皇子筵西拜，受爵，祭饌如初禮。賓揖皇子進，升席，南面坐。賓之贊冠者跪脫進賢冠，賓降三等，受冕，冠之。每冠，皆贊冠者設簪結纓。

The guest bowed the prince up to sit south-facing on the seat. The guest's cap-assistant knelt and put the black cloth cap in the box. The guest stepped down two ranks, took the far-travel cap, and crowned him. The prince rose; the guest bowed him to the inner room; guest and host sat. The prince dressed in court robes and came out south-facing west of the inner room door. Guest and host rose; the guest bowed the prince forward south-facing behind the seat. The guest poured at the urn, advanced before the seat north-facing, and prayed: "Wine is rich; offerings are dried meat. Now he dons his dress; rites are in order. Offer this fine cup; receive Heaven's blessing." The prince bowed west of the seat, received the cup, and offered food as in the first rite. The guest bowed the prince up to sit south-facing. The cap-assistant knelt and removed the advancement-worthy cap; the guest stepped down three ranks, took the coronet, and crowned him. At each crowning the cap-assistant set pin and tied the cap tassel.

皇子興，賓揖皇子適房，服袞冕以出方房戶西，南面。賓揖皇子，進，立于席後，南面。賓詣酒尊所，取爵酌酒進皇子，祝曰：「旨酒令芳，籩豆有楚。鹹加其服，肴升折俎。承天之慶，受福無疆。」皇子筵西拜，受爵。執饌者薦籩、豆，設俎于其南。皇子升筵坐，執爵，祭脯棨。贊冠者取鸑一以授皇子，皇子奠爵于薦西，興，受，坐，祭，左手嚌之，興，加於俎。皇子坐，涚手執爵，祭酒，興，筵末坐，啐酒，降筵西，南面坐，奠爵，再拜，執爵興。賓答拜。皇子升筵坐，奠爵於薦東，興。贊冠者引皇子降，立於西階之東，南面。

The prince rose; the guest bowed him to the inner room; he emerged in dragon robes south-facing west of the inner room door. The guest bowed the prince forward south-facing behind the seat. The guest poured wine at the urn, advanced to the prince, and prayed: "Wine is fragrant; baskets and stands are full. All dress is added; delicacies rise on the broken tray. Receive Heaven's celebration; blessing without end." The prince bowed west of the seat and received the cup. Servers presented baskets and stands and set a tray south of them. The prince sat on the seat with the cup and offered dried meat on the stick. The cap-assistant gave one sliced bird; the prince set the cup west of the mat, rose, received it, sat to offer, tasted left-handed, rose, and set it on the tray. The prince sat, rinsed his hands, took the cup, offered to the wine, rose, sat at the seat's end, tasted the wine, descended west south-facing, set down the cup, bowed twice, and rose with the cup. The guest returned the bow. The prince sat on the seat, set the cup east of the offering mat, and rose. The cap-assistant led the prince down east of the west steps, south-facing.

初，皇子降，賓降自西階，直西序東面立。主人降自東階，直東序西面立。賓少進，字之曰：「禮儀既備，令月吉日。昭告其字，爰字孔嘉。君子攸宜，宜之於嘏。永受保之，曰孟某甫。」仲、叔、季唯其所當。皇子曰：「某雖不敏，夙夜祗奉。」賓出，主人送于內門外，主人西面請賓曰：「公辱執事，請禮從者。」賓曰：「某既得將事，敢辭。」主人曰：「敢固以請。」賓曰：「某辭不得命，敢不從？」賓就次，主人入。

When the prince descended, the guest came down the west steps and stood east-facing east of the west wing. The host came down the east steps and stood west-facing west of the east wing. The guest stepped forward to confer the style name: "Rites are complete on this good day of this month. Proclaim his style name—how fine the name. Fit for a gentleman; fit for blessing. May he receive and keep it forever—styled Eldest So-and-so Fu." Second, third, and fourth sons take what applies. The prince said, "Though I am not adept, morning and night I obey reverently." The guest left; the host saw him off outside the inner gate and said west-facing, "You have honored us by serving—please treat my followers with courtesy." The guest said, "Having served, I venture to decline." The host said, "I insist in asking." The guest said, "I declined but was not excused—how dare I not obey?" The guest went to his pavilion; the host entered.

初，賓出，皇子東面見，諸親拜之，皇子答拜。皇子入見內外諸尊於別所。

When the guest left, the prince received him east-facing; kinsmen bowed; the prince returned the bow. The prince entered to greet inner and outer elders in a separate chamber.

賓、主既釋服，改設席，訖，賓、贊俱出次，立於門西。主人出揖賓，賓報揖。主人先入，賓、贊從之。至階，一揖一讓，升坐，俱坐。會訖，賓立於西階上，贊冠者在北，少退，俱東面。主人立于東階上，西面。掌事者奉束帛之篚升，授主人于序端。主人執篚少進，西面立。又掌事者奉幣篚升，立于主人後。幣篚升，牽馬者牽兩馬入，陳於門內，三分庭一在南，北首西上。賓還西階上，北面再拜。主人進，立於楹間，贊冠者立于賓左，少退，俱北面再拜。主人南面，賓、贊進，立于主人之右，俱南面東上。主人授幣，賓受之，退，復位。于主人授幣，掌事者又以幣篚授贊冠者。主人還阼階上，北面拜送，賓、贊降自西階，從者訝受幣。賓當庭實，東面揖，出，牽馬者從出，從者訝受馬於門外。賓降，主人降。送賓於大門，西面再拜。

After guest and host changed dress and reset seats, guest and assistant went to their pavilion west of the gate. The host came out and bowed; the guest returned it. The host entered first; guest and assistant followed. At the steps they exchanged bow and yield, ascended, and sat together. After the reception the guest stood on the west steps; the cap-assistant north of him, slightly back—all east-facing. The host stood on the east steps, west-facing. Attendants brought a basket of bundled silk up to the host at the wing's end. The host held the basket, stepped forward slightly, and stood west-facing. Another attendant brought a coin basket and stood behind the host. The coin basket rose; grooms led two horses in and arrayed them inside the gate—one-third of the courtyard south, heads north with west at their right. The guest returned to the west steps and bowed twice north-facing. The host advanced between the pillars; the cap-assistant stood left of the guest, slightly back—all bowed twice north-facing. The host faced south; guest and assistant advanced right of the host—all south-facing with east at their right. The host handed over the coins; the guest received them and withdrew. As the host handed coins, attendants also gave the coin basket to the cap-assistant. The host returned to the east steps and bowed north in farewell; guest and assistant descended the west steps; followers received the coins with obeisance. The guest filled the courtyard, bowed east, and left; grooms followed; followers received the horses with obeisance outside the gate. The guest descended; the host descended. They saw the guest off at the great gate with two bows west-facing.

若諸臣之嫡子三加，皆祝而冠，又祝而酌，又祝而字。庶子三加，既加，然後酌而祝之，又祝而字。其始冠皆緇布；再加皆進賢；其三加，一品之子以袞冕，二品之子以驚冕，三品之子以毳冕，四品之子以絺冕，五品之子以玄冕，六品至於九品之子以爵弁。其服從之。其即席而冠也，嫡子西面，庶子南面。其筮日，筮賓、贊，遂戒之，及其所以冠之禮，皆如親王。

For ministers' legitimate sons with three investitures, each crowning, each libation, and each style-naming receives an invocation. For secondary sons with three investitures, after crowning they pour and invoke, then invoke for the style name. The first crowning always uses black cloth; the second always advancement-worthy; the third: first-rank sons dragon robes; second startled; third fine-fur; fourth fine-silk; fifth black; sixth through ninth cap and coronet. Their garments match accordingly. At the seat, legitimate sons face west; secondary sons face south. Divining the day and guest and assistant, admonishing them, and the crowning rite—all follow the imperial prince's procedure.

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