← Back to 新唐書

新唐書卷三十上 志第二十上 曆六上

Volume 30, Part 1 Treatises 20: Calendar 6, Part 1

Chapter 30 of 新唐書 · New Book of Tang
← Previous Chapter
Chapter 30
Next Chapter →
1
After Emperor Xianzong came to the throne, Xu Ang of the Astronomical Bureau submitted a new calendar called Observing Phenomena (Guanxiang). It was put into use from the second year of Yuanhe (807), but it lacked obscuration-cycle parameters. For fixing the seasons of gathering-in and opening-and-closing, the calendar still followed older methods, and observational tests failed to match. When Emperor Muzong acceded, holding that a dynasty continuing its line through successive reigns must renew its calendar era, he ordered the court astronomers to draft new calendrical methods, named Illuminating (Xuanming). At the high origin, the seven luminaries start at 9° of Xū on the celestial equator. Its procedures for central qi, new moons, solstitial timing, solar motion, and lunar motion all followed the old Dayan methods; while gnomon-clepsydra and syzygy parameters were adjusted slightly; and new constants were set to compute the five planets. Its general outline reads:
2
滿 滿
The universal divisor is termed the cycle constant. The divination solid is termed the chapter years. The stalking method is termed the chapter months. The hanging limit is termed the intercalation limit. The three-origin divination is termed the central node. The four-images divination is termed the combined divination. The one-image divination is termed the image standard. The divination remainder is termed the universal remainder. The line number is termed the cycle method. The universal cycle method taken as parts is called the ten-day cycle. Chapter years multiplied by the year-count yield the accumulated universal parts. The divination at the earth's center is termed the period divination. The divination at heaven's center is termed the hexagram divination. Subtract the central node from the true-and-false divination to obtain the chronogram number. Add this to the solar term of the last month of the season, and the result is the day on which Earth takes dominion. Whenever minor remainders fill the chronogram divisor, they form the chronogram number; when they fill the quarter-hour divisor, they form quarter-hours. The Qian solid is termed the image number. The second divisor is 300. Multiply the cycle constant by this to obtain the divided cycle.
3
宿
In computing the seven luminaries' entry into lodge degrees, the quarter-hour divisor serves as the degree mother throughout. The quarter-hour divisor multiplied by the surplus-deficit parts, divided once per fixed qi, yields the central qi rate. Subtract this from the following qi's central rate to obtain the combined difference. Multiply the combined difference by the fixed qi, add the following fixed qi as divisor, and divide to obtain the central difference. Add or subtract the qi rate to obtain the initial and final rates. Double the central difference, multiply by 100, divide by the fixed qi, and obtain the daily difference. Halve this value, add or subtract it from the initial and final rates, and each becomes a fixed rate. Accumulate the daily difference by repeated addition and subtraction to obtain each day's surplus-deficit parts. Multiply the before-and-after qi descent count by 100, first subtract then add the regular qi, and obtain the fixed-qi limit number. Multiply the annual discrepancy by 1,440 to obtain second-parts. Add this to the central node; starting from the winter solstice yellow-path solar degree, accumulate and trim to obtain the initial solar degree for each fixed qi.
4
退 滿退 滿退
Entry into rotation is termed the ephemeris. Whenever entering the ephemeris, if at or below the ephemeris midpoint it counts as advance; if above, subtract the excess, and that counts as retreat. For fixed new-moon minor remainders after the autumn equinox, if three-fourths or more, advance the date by one day. After the spring equinox, when twilight minor remainders differ from the spring equinox initial day, take one-fifth at a time to reduce the three-fourths threshold. If the fixed new-moon minor remainder reaches this number or higher, advance the date by one day. If a conjunction occurs and the initial phase of waning should be visible, then do not advance. If the fixed first- or full-moon minor remainder does not reach the twilight minor remainder, retreat the date by one day. If a conjunction occurs and the initial waning should be visible, the same rule applies. For the true crossing, take the waxing-and-waning fixed number of the mean crossing's entry into the ephemeris; waxing subtracts and waning adds from the mean crossing's entry into the fixed-qi remainder; if the result overflows or falls short, adjust the day count forward or back to obtain the true crossing's entry into fixed qi—without again multiplying by the crossing rate, dividing by the crossing number, or adding and subtracting the mean crossing's waxing-and-waning in qi.
5
To compute the lunar phase, multiply the ephemeris parts by the fixed full clepsydra at midnight, divide once by the quarter-hour divisor, and obtain the dawn parts; subtract this from the ephemeris parts to obtain the dusk parts. Multiply the fixed new-, first-, and full-moon minor remainders by the ephemeris parts, divide by the cycle constant, subtract from the dawn parts, and the remainder is the before portion; if insufficient, reverse the subtraction instead, and the remainder is the after portion. Add the before portion and subtract the after portion from the hour-addition lunar phase to obtain the dawn and dusk lunar phases. Subtract the following ephemeris's hour-addition solar degree from the current entry's hour-addition solar degree, add the remainder to the first-quarter degree and its remainder, subtract before the entry day and add after as required, and likewise add before and subtract after on the following ephemeris—each yielding a fixed course. Then accumulate the daily ephemeris degrees and parts from the distance to the following ephemeris and subtract from the fixed course; if positive, that is surplus; if insufficient, reverse the subtraction instead, and that is deficit. Spread the difference evenly over the days to the following ephemeris; subtract surplus and add deficit to each day's ephemeris parts to obtain the fixed ephemeris parts. Accumulate these to the new-, first-, and full-moon dawn and dusk lunar phases to obtain each day's dawn and dusk lunar phases, without further adding or subtracting waxing and waning.
6
The line cycle is termed the central cycle. The image accumulation is termed the quarter-hour divisor. Increase-and-decrease is termed waxing-and-waning. Align surplus-deficit parts by waxing-and-waning, find each day's entry, and term it the fixed decline. Multiply by five, divide by twenty-four, and obtain the clepsydra difference. Add waning and subtract waxing from the initial qi midnight clepsydra to obtain each day's fixed midnight clepsydra. The quarter-hour divisor expressed as parts is termed the twilight minor remainder. Multiply the waxing-and-waning fixed number by 21 and divide by 25 to obtain the yellow-path waxing-and-waning difference. Subtract waning and add waxing from the initial qi's distance-from-pole parts to obtain each day's distance-from-pole parts. Multiply the yellow-path waxing-and-waning difference by 12,386 and divide by 16,277 to obtain the daily degree difference. Subtract waning and add waxing from the initial qi's mid-distance parts to obtain each day's mid-distance count. Waxing-and-waning aligned to increase-and-decrease at the midday gnomon shadow is termed the fixed number; for clepsydra quarter-hours, the clepsydra difference; for distance from the pole, the waxing-and-waning difference; for mid-distance, the degree difference.
7
Crossing completion is termed the completion rate. The new-moon difference is termed the crossing new moon. The full-moon number is termed the crossing full moon. The crossing limit is termed the forward standard. The full-moon difference is termed the rear standard. Whenever the moon's motion enters the four-images yin-yang degrees with fractional parts, multiply by 10, divide by 7, and obtain degree-parts. If a remainder remains, multiply by 15, divide by 7, and obtain major parts. If still not exhausted, divide again to obtain minor parts. Then divide by the 90° of one image, also dividing out degree-difference parts 113, major parts 7, and minor parts 1 slightly less, and then divide successively by each image.
8
For solar eclipses, take the fixed new-moon day's chronogram quarter-hours of sunrise and sunset relative to noon standard quarter-hours, reduce by approximately 147, and obtain the time difference. If the fixed new-moon minor remainder is at or below half the divisor, subtract it from the half divisor to obtain the initial rate; if above, subtract the half divisor; the remainder is the final rate. Multiply by the time difference and divide once by the quarter-hour divisor; subtract with the initial rate, double the final rate and add to the fixed new-moon minor remainder, and obtain the eclipse fixed remainder. For lunar eclipses, the fixed full-moon minor remainder serves as the eclipse fixed remainder.
9
Solar eclipses involve qi difference, quarter-hour difference, and additive difference. At the start of the two solstices, the qi difference is 2,350. Moving away from the solstices before and after, decrease by 26 each day until the equinoxes, when it reaches zero. Take the chronogram quarter-hours of sunrise and sunset relative to noon, approximate the new-moon day's qi difference, and multiply by the greatest eclipse's distance from noon standard quarter-hours. Subtract the product from the qi difference to obtain the fixed number. After the spring equinox, add for yin months and subtract for yang months; after the autumn equinox, subtract for yin months and add for yang months.
10
On the first day of each solstice, there is no quarter-hour difference. Thereafter the difference increases each day by 2 parts and 10 minor parts. From Beginning of Spring to Beginning of Summer, and from Beginning of Autumn to Beginning of Winter, the quarter-hour difference is set at 94½ parts. Thereafter decrease the difference by 2 parts and 10 minor parts each day until it is exhausted at the next solstice. Multiply the new-moon day's quarter-hour difference by the greatest eclipse's distance from noon standard quarter-hours to obtain the fixed quarter-hour difference. After the winter solstice, if greatest eclipse falls before noon standard, and after the summer solstice if it falls after noon standard, subtract for yin months and add for yang months; After the winter solstice, if greatest eclipse falls after noon standard, and after the summer solstice if it falls before noon standard, add for yin months and subtract for yang months.
11
After the first day of Start of Winter, increase the difference by 17 for each qi. By the first day of the winter solstice, it reaches 51. Thereafter decrease by 17 for each qi until Great Cold, when it is fully exhausted. If greatest eclipse falls after noon standard, cumulatively increase the difference for each quarter-hour; subtract for yin months and add for yang months. For the applicable add-subtract differences, combine matching signs and cancel opposite signs; each result is an eclipse correction. Add or subtract from the distance from conjunction to obtain the fixed fraction. When the moon is in a yin month, if subtraction is insufficient, subtract the eclipse correction in reverse. Subtract before conjunction; the remainder is the yang-month fixed fraction after conjunction; subtract after conjunction; the remainder is the yang-month fixed fraction before conjunction: in neither case is there an eclipse. When in a yang month subtraction is insufficient, likewise subtract the eclipse correction in reverse. Subtract before conjunction; the remainder is the yin-month fixed fraction after conjunction; subtract after conjunction; the remainder is the yin-month fixed fraction before conjunction: in both cases there is an eclipse.
12
In general, for the fixed distance from conjunction, if it is at or below the yang-month eclipse limit, the eclipse is a yang-month eclipse. Reduce by the yang-month fixed divisor to obtain the eclipse magnitude. If above, subtract the yang-month eclipse limit; the remainder is a yin-month eclipse. Reduce by the yin-month fixed divisor, subtract from 15, and the remainder is the eclipse magnitude.
13
退 退
For lunar eclipses, when the distance from conjunction is 2,147 or less, the eclipse is total in every case. If above, subtract the posterior criterion; divide the remainder by fixed divisor 506 to obtain the eclipse magnitude. For total lunar eclipses, use 20 provisional quarter-hours throughout. If the distance from conjunction is 1,435 or less, add an additional half quarter-hour. If it is 712 or less, add another half quarter-hour. For solar and lunar grazing eclipses at rising and setting, convert each eclipse magnitude through the fixed divisor, divide by half the fixed applicable quarter-hours, and multiply by the visible quarter-hours. If the result exceeds half the fixed applicable quarter-hours, emergence counts as advance and setting as retreat. If it is less than half the fixed applicable quarter-hours, emergence counts as retreat and setting as advance. Divide each once by the fixed divisor to obtain the major fraction of visible eclipse. For new moons in daylight and full moons at night, both use visible quarter-hours. For eclipse corrections in the nine domains, no further detailed examination is made.
14
滿 退
The five planets' terminal rate is termed the cycle rate. Add middle hiding to mean conjunction to obtain mean appearance. For Venus and Mercury, add evening visibility to obtain morning visibility; add morning visibility to obtain evening visibility. Also multiply the mutation difference by the year-count and cast out full image numbers; the remainder is the mutation crossing. Reduce to parts by 300, divide once by the cycle constant, and subtract from mean appearance. Multiply mean appearance seconds by 36 and mutation crossing seconds by 12, with 3,600 as the common denominator. If the remainder is at or below the crossing rate, the planet is in the yang half; if above, discard it; the remainder is entry into the yin half. Divide each by the mutation divination to obtain the mutation count, counting from outside the initial mutation tally; the remainder is entry into its mutation degree-count and remainder. From this point, reduce the remainder parts by 100; the denominator matches the quarter-hour divisor. Add or subtract from mean appearance by the number below for the mutation entered to obtain regular appearance. For Venus morning appearance, first compute from evening appearance through all evening retrograde, applying the prior-posterior differences to be added or subtracted. Where signs match, combine; where they differ, cancel. With the morning regular appearance add-subtract difference, cancel opposite signs and combine matching signs. Accordingly add or subtract from morning mean appearance to obtain regular appearance.
15
退 退 退 退 退 退
In general, set regular appearance against fixed qi, find the prior-posterior fixed numbers, multiply each by the difference rate and divide once by the difference number, and obtain the fixed difference. For morning appearance subtract first and add later; for evening appearance add first and subtract later from regular appearance to obtain fixed appearance. Use the add-subtract amounts of regular appearance and fixed appearance to adjust mean appearance's entered mutation degree-count and remainder seconds, obtaining the initial mutation entered at fixed appearance. Add for direct motion and subtract for retrograde by the degrees traveled; that is the next mutation entered. For each, add or subtract the difference number below the mutation entered to the daily-degree phase rate. For Mercury, the add-subtract amounts of regular appearance and fixed appearance combine matching signs, cancel opposite signs, and reverse the additions and subtractions. When evening appearance's difference adds to the swift-motion day rate, double the difference and add to the degree rate. Also divide the difference and add to the slow-and-stationary day rate. For morning appearance likewise divide the difference and add to the slow-and-stationary day rate; add the difference amount to the swift-motion day rate, double the difference, and add to the swift-motion degree rate. When evening appearance's difference subtracts from the swift-motion day rate, double the difference and subtract from the degree rate. Also subtract the difference from station days; if insufficient, encroach and subtract from slow days. When morning appearance's difference subtracts from station days, if insufficient encroach and subtract from slow days; also subtract the difference from the swift-motion day rate, double the difference, and subtract from the degree rate. The prior-posterior numbers of the first day of the prior mutation and the last day of the posterior mutation cancel matching signs and combine opposite signs to obtain the prior-posterior fixed number. Multiply each by the difference rate and divide once by the difference number to obtain the day difference. Venus uses the posterior mutation's difference rate and difference number. Subtract the prior-posterior fixed number to obtain the degree difference. For Venus evening hiding, subtract the day difference from the prior-posterior fixed number to obtain the degree difference. For morning hiding, add the day difference to the prior-posterior fixed number to obtain the degree difference. For Mercury evening hiding, take the prior-posterior fixed number as the day difference. Double it to obtain the degree difference. Then with the day-degree difference, subtract where surplus has accumulated and add where deficit has accumulated to the final mutation's daily-degree rate. For Venus and Mercury morning hiding, reverse the application of the difference. Also double the retrograde difference, multiply by the difference rate, divide once by the difference number, and obtain the day difference. Subtract the retrograde difference to obtain the degree difference. For Venus evening hiding, subtract the retrograde difference from the day difference to obtain the degree difference. For morning hiding, add the retrograde difference to the day difference to obtain the degree difference. Where the retrograde day-degree difference should add, subtract from the final mutation's daily-degree rate. For morning hiding, reverse the application of the difference. After all add-subtract adjustments to the phase rates, the result is the fixed daily-degree rate.
16
All else likewise follows the Dayan Calendar methods. Where parts and seconds differ, each follows its own calendar's base divisors.
17
Beginning in the second year of Changqing, the Illuminating Calendar was used. From Emperor Jingzong through Emperor Xizong, all adhered to it. Though the court faced many troubles and lacked leisure for revision, among calendars after the Dayan it was the simplest in method and the closest in matching conjunctions and full moons, and none could surpass it. This continued until the first year of Jingfu.
18
The Observing Phenomena Calendar is no longer transmitted among the current officials.
19
In computing the evolving era of the Changqing Illuminating Calendar, the high origin falls in the year jiazi; reckoned to the second year of Changqing (renyin), the accumulated count is 7,070,138 beyond the tally.
20
Illuminating cycle constant: 8,400.
21
Chapter years: 3,068,055.
22
Chapter months: 248,057.
23
Universal remainder: 44,055.
24
Intercalation chapter: 91,371.
25
Intercalation limit: 240,443, 6 parts.
26
Central node: 15, remainder 1,835, 5 parts.
27
Combined divination: 29, remainder 4,457.
28
Image standard: 7, remainder 3,214 and slightly less.
29
Central-qi surplus fraction: 3,671, 2 parts.
30
Synodic void fraction: 3,943.
31
Ten-day cycle: 504,000.
32
Cycle method: 60.
33
Second divisor: 8.
34
Period number: 5, remainder 611, 7 parts.
35
Hexagram position: 6, remainder 734, 2 parts.
36
Chronogram count: 12, remainder 1,468, 4 parts.
37
Quarter-hour divisor: 84.
38
Image number: 920,446,199.
39
Circuit of heaven: 365 degrees.
40
Void fraction: 2,153, 299 parts.
41
Annual discrepancy: 29,699.
42
Divided cycle: 2,520,000.
43
Second mother: 300.
44
Solar term
45
Surplus-deficit parts
46
Lead and lag counts
47
Rates of increase and decrease
48
Waxing-and-waning counts
49
Winter Solstice
50
Surplus: 60
51
Lead at initial
52
Increase: 449
53
Waning initial
54
Lesser Cold
55
Surplus: 50
56
Lead count: 60
57
Increase: 374
58
Waning: 449
59
Greater Cold
60
Surplus: 40
61
Lead count: 110
62
Increase: 299
63
Waning: 823
64
Start of Spring
65
Surplus: 30
66
Lead count: 150
67
Increase: 224
68
Waning: 1,122
69
Rain Water
70
Surplus: 18
71
Lead count: 180
72
Increase: 135
73
Waning: 1,346
74
Awakening of Insects
75
Surplus: 6
76
Lead count: 198
77
Increase: 45
78
Waning: 1,481
79
Spring Equinox
80
Deficit: 6
81
Lead count: 204
82
Decrease: 45
83
Waning: 1,526
84
Clear and Bright
85
Deficit: 18
86
Lead count: 198
87
Decrease: 135
88
Waning: 1,481
89
Grain Rain
90
Deficit: 30
91
Lead count: 180
92
Decrease: 224
93
Waning: 1,346
94
Start of Summer
95
Deficit: 40
96
Lead count: 150
97
Decrease: 299
98
Waning: 1,122
99
滿
Lesser Fullness
100
Deficit: 50
101
Lead count: 110
102
Decrease: 374
103
Waning: 823
104
Grain in Ear
105
Deficit: 60
106
Lead count: 60
107
Decrease: 449
108
Waning: 449
109
Summer Solstice
110
Deficit: 60
111
Lag at initial
112
Increase: 449
113
Waxing initial
114
Lesser Heat
115
Deficit: 50
116
Lag count: 60
117
Increase: 374
118
Waxing: 449
119
Greater Heat
120
Deficit: 40
121
Lag count: 110
122
Increase: 299
123
Waxing: 823
124
Start of Autumn
125
Deficit: 30
126
Lag count: 150
127
Increase: 224
128
Waxing: 1,122
129
End of Heat
130
Deficit: 18
131
Lag count: 180
132
Increase: 135
133
Waxing: 1,346
134
White Dew
135
Deficit: 6
136
Lag count: 198
137
Increase: 45
138
Waxing: 1,481
139
Autumn Equinox
140
Surplus: 6
141
Lag count: 204
142
Decrease: 45
143
Waxing: 1,526
144
Cold Dew
145
Surplus: 18
146
Lag count: 198
147
Decrease: 135
148
Waxing: 1,481
149
Frost Descent
150
Surplus: 30
151
Lag count: 180
152
Decrease: 224
153
Waxing: 1,346
154
Start of Winter
155
Surplus: 40
156
Lag count: 150
157
Decrease: 299
158
Waxing: 1,122
159
Lesser Snow
160
Surplus: 50
161
Lag count: 110
162
Decrease: 374
163
Waxing: 823
164
Greater Snow
165
Surplus: 60
166
Lag count: 60
167
Decrease: 449
168
Waxing: 449
169
For all twenty-four fixed qi, multiply each term's surplus-deficit parts by 100; subtract surplus and add deficit from the central node to obtain each fixed qi's days, remainder, and parts.
170
Six-void correction: 53, 299 parts.
171
Ephemeris cycle: 231,458, 19 parts.
172
Ephemeris cycle length: 27 days, remainder 4,658, 19 parts.
173
Ephemeris midpoint: 13 days, remainder 6,529, 9½ parts.
174
Circulation difference: 1 day, remainder 8,198, 81 parts.
175
Second mother: 100.
176
Day 7: initial count 7,465; terminal count 935.
177
Day 14: initial count 6,529; terminal count 1,871.
178
First quarter: 91 degrees, remainder 2,638, 149 parts greater.
179
Full moon: 182 degrees, remainder 5,276, 299½ parts.
180
Last quarter: 273 degrees, remainder 7,915, 149½ parts.
181
Ephemeris day
182
退
Ephemeris parts and advance-retreat decrement
183
Accumulated degrees
184
Rates of increase and decrease
185
Anomalistic accumulation
186
Day 1
187
1,012, advance 14
188
Initial degree
189
Increase rate: 830
190
Waning initial
191
Day 2
192
1,026, advance 16
193
12° 4 parts
194
Increase rate: 726
195
Waning accumulation: 830
196
Day 3
197
1,042, advance 18
198
24° 22 parts
199
Increase rate: 606
200
Waning accumulation: 1,556
201
Day 4
202
1,060, advance 18
203
36° 56 parts
204
Increase rate: 471
205
Waning accumulation: 2,162
206
Day 5
207
1,078, advance 18
208
49° 24 parts
209
Increase rate: 337
210
Waning accumulation: 2,633
211
Day 6
212
1,096, advance 19
213
62° 10 parts
214
Increase rate: 202
215
Waning accumulation: 2,970
216
Day 7
217
1,115, advance 19
218
75° 14 parts
219
Initial increase rate: 53, terminal decrease rate: 7
220
Waning accumulation: 3,172
221
Day 8
222
1,134, advance 19
223
88° 37 parts
224
Decrease rate: 82
225
Waning accumulation: 3,218
226
Day 9
227
1,153, advance 19
228
101° 79 parts
229
Decrease rate: 224
230
Waning accumulation: 3,136
231
Ten days
232
1,172, advance 19
233
115° 56′
234
Decrease rate: 366
235
Waning accumulation: 2,912
236
Day 11
237
1,191, advance 18
238
129° 52′
239
Decrease rate: 509
240
Waning accumulation: 2,546
241
Day 12
242
1,209, advance 14
243
143° 67′
244
Decrease rate: 643
245
Waning accumulation: 2,037
246
Day 13
247
1,223, advance 11
248
158° 16′
249
Decrease rate: 748
250
Waning accumulation: 1,394
251
Day 14
252
退
1,234, advance-retreat: —
253
172° 63′
254
Initial decrease rate: 646
255
Waning accumulation: 646
256
Day 1
257
退
1,234, retreat 14
258
187° 37′
259
Increase rate: 830
260
Waxing initial
261
Day 2
262
退
1,220, retreat 17
263
202° 11′
264
Increase rate: 726
265
Waxing accumulation: 830
266
Day 3
267
退
1,203, retreat 18
268
216° 55′
269
Increase rate: 598
270
Waxing accumulation: 1,556
271
Day 4
272
退
1,185, retreat 18
273
230° 82′
274
Increase rate: 464
275
Waxing accumulation: 2,154
276
Day 5
277
退
1,167, retreat 18
278
245° 7′
279
Increase rate: 329
280
Waxing accumulation: 2,618
281
Day 6
282
退
1,149, retreat 18
283
258° 82′
284
Increase rate: 195
285
Waxing accumulation: 2,947
286
Day 7
287
退
1,131, retreat 19
288
272° 55′
289
Initial increase rate: 53, terminal decrease rate: 7
290
Waxing accumulation: 3,142
291
Day 8
292
退
1,112, retreat 19
293
286° 10′
294
Decrease rate: 82
295
Waxing accumulation: 3,188
296
Day 9
297
退
1,093, retreat 19
298
299° 30′
299
Decrease rate: 225
300
Waxing accumulation: 3,106
301
Day 10
302
退
1,074, retreat 18
303
312° 31′
304
Decrease rate: 366
305
Waxing accumulation: 2,881
306
Day 11
307
退
1,056, retreat 17
308
325° 13′
309
Decrease rate: 501
310
Waxing accumulation: 2,515
311
Day 12
312
退
1,039, retreat 15
313
337° 61′
314
Decrease rate: 628
315
Waxing accumulation: 2,014
316
Day 13
317
退
1,024, retreat 12
318
350° 8′
319
Decrease rate: 740
320
Waxing accumulation: 1,386
321
Day 14
322
退
1,012, advance-retreat: —
323
362° 24′
324
Initial decrease rate: 646
325
Waxing accumulation: 646
326
Double-hour quarters: 8 quarters, 28 parts.
327
Twilight quarters: 2 quarters each, 42 parts.
328
Quarter-hour divisor: 84. Degree mother same as quarter-hour divisor.
329
Distance-from-pole: 56°, remainder 82½ parts.
330
North pole altitude: 34°, remainder 47½ parts.
331
Fixed qi
332
Waxing-and-waning number
333
Ecliptic polar distance
334
Yangcheng gnomon shadow
335
Midnight fixed clepsydra
336
Distance to culminating star
337
Winter Solstice
338
Waning: 65
339
115° 17′
340
shadow 1 zhang 2 chi 7 cun 32 parts
341
27 quarter-hours 40 parts
342
82° 22′
343
Lesser Cold
344
Waning: 225
345
114° 36′
346
shadow 1 zhang 2 chi 3 cun 9 parts 11 parts
347
27 quarter-hours 29 parts
348
82° 64′
349
Greater Cold
350
Waning: 365
351
112° 25′
352
shadow 1 zhang 1 chi 3 cun 8 parts 30 parts
353
26 quarter-hours 74 parts
354
84° 40′
355
Start of Spring
356
Waning: 485
357
108° 55′
358
shadow 9 chi 9 cun 4 parts 78 parts
359
26 quarter-hours 10 parts
360
87° 21′
361
Rain Water
362
Waning: 585
363
103° 67′
364
shadow 8 chi 3 cun 7 parts 81 parts
365
25 quarter-hours 9 parts
366
90° 79′
367
Awakening of Insects
368
Waning: 665
369
97° 80′
370
shadow 6 chi 8 cun 8 parts 74 parts
371
23 quarter-hours 74 parts
372
95° 33′
373
Spring Equinox
374
Waning: 665
375
91° 25′
376
shadow 5 chi 4 cun 4 parts 70 parts
377
22 quarter-hours 42 parts
378
100° 38′
379
Clear and Bright
380
Waning: 585
381
84° 55′
382
shadow 4 chi 1 cun 9 parts 59 parts
383
22 quarter-hours 10 parts
384
105° 43′
385
Grain Rain
386
Waning: 485
387
78° 67′
388
shadow 3 chi 2 cun 69 parts
389
19 quarter-hours 75 parts
390
109° 81′
391
Start of Summer
392
Waning: 365
393
73° 80′
394
shadow 2 chi 4 cun 4 parts 51 parts
395
18 quarter-hours 74 parts
396
113° 55′
397
滿
Lesser Fullness
398
Waning: 225
399
70° 25′
400
shadow 1 chi 8 cun 9 parts 89 parts
401
18 quarter-hours 10 parts
402
116° 36′
403
Grain in Ear
404
Waning: 65
405
68° 4′
406
shadow 1 chi 5 cun 7 parts 14 parts
407
17 quarter-hours 55 parts
408
118° 12′
409
Summer Solstice
410
Waxing: 65
411
67° 34′
412
shadow 1 chi 4 cun 7 parts 80 parts
413
17 quarter-hours 44 parts
414
118° 54′
415
Lesser Heat
416
Waxing: 225
417
68° 4′
418
shadow 1 chi 5 cun 7 parts 14 parts
419
17 quarter-hours 55 parts
420
118° 12′
421
Greater Heat
422
Waxing: 365
423
70° 25′
424
shadow 1 chi 8 cun 9 parts 89 parts
425
18 quarter-hours 10 parts
426
116° 36′
427
Start of Autumn
428
Waxing: 485
429
73° 80′
430
shadow 2 chi 4 cun 4 parts 51 parts
431
18 quarter-hours 74 parts
432
113° 55′
433
End of Heat
434
Waxing: 585
435
78° 67′
436
Shadow: 3 chi, 2 cun, 69 parts
437
19 quarter-hours 75 parts
438
109° 81′
439
White Dew
440
Waxing: 665
441
84° 55′
442
Shadow: 4 chi, 1 cun, 9 fen, 59 parts
443
21 quarter-hours 10 parts
444
105° 43′
445
Autumn Equinox
446
Waxing: 665
447
91° 25′
448
Shadow: 5 chi, 4 cun, 5 fen, 70 parts
449
22 quarter-hours 42 parts
450
100° 38′
451
Cold Dew
452
Waxing: 585
453
97° 80′
454
Shadow: 6 chi, 8 cun, 8 fen, 74 parts
455
23 quarter-hours 74 parts
456
95° 33′
457
Frost Descent
458
Waxing: 485
459
103° 67′
460
Shadow: 8 chi, 3 cun, 7 fen, 81 parts
461
25 quarter-hours 9 parts
462
90° 79′
463
Start of Winter
464
Waxing: 365
465
108° 55′
466
Shadow: 9 chi, 9 cun, 4 fen, 78 parts
467
26 quarter-hours 10 parts
468
87° 21′
469
Lesser Snow
470
Waxing: 225
471
112° 25′
472
Shadow: 1 zhang, 1 chi, 3 cun, 8 fen, 30 parts
473
26 quarter-hours 74 parts
474
84° 40′
475
Greater Snow
476
Waxing: 65
477
114° 46′
478
Shadow: 1 zhang, 2 chi, 3 cun, 9 fen, 11 parts
479
27 quarter-hours 29 parts
480
82° 64′
481
Completion rate: 228,582, seconds 6,512.
482
Synodic month: 27 days, remainder 1,782, seconds 6,512.
483
Median month: 13 days, remainder 5,091, seconds 3,256.
484
Crossing new moon: 2 days, remainder 2,674, seconds 3,488.
485
Crossing full moon: 14 days, remainder 6,428, seconds 5,000.
486
Forward standard: 12 days, remainder 3,754, seconds 1,512.
487
Rear standard: 1 day, remainder 1,337, seconds 1,744.
488
Yin-month eclipse limit: 6,060.
489
Yang-month eclipse limit: 2,640.
490
Yin-month fixed divisor: 404.
491
Yang-month fixed divisor: 176.
492
Crossing rate: 202.
493
Crossing number: 2,573.
494
Second divisor: 10,000.
495
Distance-from-conjunction multiplier: 11, divisor: 7,303.
496
Jupiter
497
Cycle rate: 3,350,540, seconds 83.
498
Sidereal period: 398 days, remainder 7340, seconds 83.
499
Middle hiding: 16 days, remainder 7870, seconds 41½.
500
Variation difference: 98, seconds 32.
501
Crossing rate: 182, remainder 52, seconds 27.
502
Mutation divination: 15, remainder 18, seconds 35.
503
Difference rate: 5.
504
Difference number: 4.
505
Mars
506
Cycle rate: 6,551,395, seconds 26.
507
Sidereal period: 779 days, remainder 7795, seconds 26.
508
Middle hiding: 70 days, remainder 8097, seconds 63.
509
Variation difference: 3,505, seconds 1.
510
Crossing rate: 182, remainder 52, seconds 32.
511
Mutation divination: 15, remainder 18, seconds 36.
512
Difference rate: 39.
513
Difference number: 10.
514
Saturn
515
Cycle rate: 3,175,879, seconds 79.
516
Sidereal period: 378 days, remainder 679, seconds 79.
517
Middle hiding: 18 days, remainder 4539, seconds 89½.
518
Variation difference: 277, seconds 92.
519
Crossing rate: 182, remainder 52, seconds 27.
520
Mutation divination: 15, remainder 18, seconds 35.
521
Difference rate: 10.
522
Difference number: 9.
523
Venus
524
Cycle rate: 4,904,845, seconds 85.
525
Sidereal period: 583 days, remainder 7645, seconds 85.
526
Evening appearance hiding: 256 days.
527
Evening appearance hiding motion: 244°.
528
Morning appearance hiding: 327 days, remainder 7645, seconds 85.
529
Morning appearance hiding: 349 days, remainder 7645, seconds 85.
530
Middle hiding: 41 days, remainder 8022, seconds 92½.
531
Variation difference: 1236, seconds 12.
532
Crossing rate 182, remainder 52, seconds 29.
533
Mutation divination 15, remainder 18, seconds 35.
534
Evening appearance difference rate: 31
535
Difference number: 10
536
Morning appearance difference rate: 2
537
Difference number: 3
538
Mercury
539
Cycle rate 973,390, seconds 25
540
Cycle tally 115 days, remainder 7,390, seconds 25
541
Evening appearance hiding days: 52
542
Evening appearance hiding motion: 18°
543
Morning appearance hiding days 63, remainder 7,390, seconds 25
544
Morning appearance hiding motion 97°, remainder 7,390, seconds 25
545
Middle hiding day 18, remainder 7,895, seconds 12½
546
Variation difference 3,201, remainder 10, seconds 67
547
Crossing rate 182, remainder 52, seconds 32
548
Mutation divination 15, remainder 18, seconds 36
549
Difference rate and difference number: —
550
Second divisor: 100
551
Small-part divisor: 3,600
552
Five planets mean appearance add-subtract calendar
553
Mutation count
554
Jupiter
555
Mars
556
Saturn
557
Venus evening; Venus morning
558
Mercury evening; Mercury morning
559
Yang initial
560
Subtract void
561
Add void
562
580
563
Add void: 76
564
Add void: 277
565
2
566
126
567
970
568
605
569
759
570
528
571
3
572
229
573
1,764
574
605
575
539
576
724
577
4
578
340
579
2,167
580
605
581
597
582
874
583
5
584
428
585
2,230
586
580
587
752
588
929
589
6
590
491
591
2,255
592
504
593
895
594
954
595
7
596
517
597
2,268
598
378
599
1,002
600
873
601
8
602
491
603
2,192
604
227
605
857
606
778
607
9
608
428
609
1,966
610
76
611
989
612
627
613
10
614
340
615
1,512
616
Add: 76
617
1,209
618
1,146
619
11
620
239
621
1,021
622
189
623
326
624
227, add void
625
12
626
126
627
517
628
315
629
126, add void
630
771
631
Yin initial
632
Add void
633
Subtract void
634
454
635
Subtract void: 76
636
Subtract void: 277
637
2
638
126
639
126
640
605
641
759
642
528
643
3
644
239
645
214
646
529
647
539
648
724
649
4
650
340
651
517
652
454
653
597
654
874
655
5
656
428
657
932
658
378
659
752
660
929
661
6
662
491
663
1,424
664
302
665
896
666
954
667
7
668
517
669
2,268
670
218
671
1,002
672
873
673
8
674
491
675
2,268
676
113
677
867
678
778
679
9
680
420
681
2,255
682
Subtract void
683
989
684
627
685
10
686
340
687
2,161
688
227
689
1,209
690
1,146
691
11
692
239
693
2,079
694
403
695
326
696
227, subtract void
697
12
698
126
699
1,096
700
504
701
126, subtract void
702
771
703
Jupiter
704
Prior direct: 115 days, 19° 33′
705
Prior station: 25 days
706
退
Retrograde: 85 days, 10° 82′
707
Posterior station: 25 days
708
Posterior direct: 115 days, 19° 33′
709
At first appearance, 14° from the Sun.
710
First fast; daily slowness increases 13 seconds.
711
Increase fast and increase slow: 21 seconds.
712
First slow; daily speed increases 13 seconds.
713
Yang initial
714
76
715
34
716
63
717
2
718
63
719
40
720
76
721
3
722
50
723
34
724
63
725
4
726
38
727
27
728
50
729
5
730
25
731
20
732
38
733
6
734
13
735
13
736
25
737
7
738
Add void
739
7
740
13
741
8
742
13
743
Subtract void
744
Add void
745
9
746
25
747
7
748
13
749
10
750
38
751
13
752
25
753
11
754
50
755
20
756
38
757
12
758
63
759
27
760
50
761
Yin initial
762
76
763
34
764
63
765
2
766
63
767
40
768
76
769
3
770
50
771
34
772
63
773
4
774
38
775
27
776
50
777
5
778
25
779
20
780
38
781
6
782
13
783
13
784
25
785
7
786
Subtract void
787
7
788
13
789
8
790
13
791
Add void
792
Subtract void
793
9
794
25
795
7
796
13
797
10
798
38
799
13
800
25
801
11
802
50
803
20
804
38
805
12
806
63
807
27
808
50
809
Mars
810
Prior fast: 220 days, 140°
811
Prior slow: 60 days, 25°
812
Prior station
813
退
Retrograde: 63 days, 17°
814
Posterior station
815
Posterior slow: 60 days, 25°
816
Posterior fast: 207 days, 134°
817
At first appearance, 17° from the Sun.
818
First fast; daily slowness increases 5 seconds.
819
First fast; daily slowness increases 42 seconds.
820
Day 13
821
Increase fast and increase slow: 9 seconds.
822
Day 13
823
First slow; daily speed increases 42 seconds.
824
First slow; daily speed increases 5 seconds.
825
Yang initial
826
756
827
101
828
50
829
101
830
2,520
831
2
832
Subtract void
833
126
834
63
835
126
836
1,676
837
3
838
239
839
151
840
76
841
151
842
832
843
4
844
504
845
126
846
151
847
126
848
Subtract void
849
5
850
1,008
851
101
852
277
853
101
854
630
855
6
856
1,838
857
76
858
252
859
76
860
706
861
7
862
2,520
863
50
864
227
865
50
866
1,676
867
8
868
3,024
869
25
870
143
871
25
872
2,936
873
9
874
3,276
875
Subtract void
876
38
877
Add void
878
3,906
879
10
880
3,440
881
25
882
Add void
883
25
884
4,536
885
11
886
3,616
887
50
888
76
889
50
890
4,460
891
12
892
3,440
893
76
894
88
895
76
896
4,108
897
Yin initial
898
3,276
899
101
900
113
901
101
902
3,696
903
2
904
2,520
905
126
906
139
907
126
908
3,280
909
3
910
1,338
911
151
912
252
913
151
914
2,268
915
4
916
Add void
917
126
918
277
919
126
920
1,008
921
5
922
1,338
923
101
924
176
925
101
926
Add: 340
927
6
928
2,696
929
76
930
101
931
76
932
2,512
933
7
934
3,276
935
50
936
76
937
50
938
3,356
939
8
940
3,616
941
25
942
50
943
25
944
4,332
945
9
946
3,531
947
Add void
948
25
949
Subtract void
950
4,032
951
10
952
2,938
953
25
954
Subtract void
955
25
956
3,352
957
11
958
2,268
959
50
960
13
961
50
962
3,154
963
12
964
1,513
965
76
966
25
967
76
968
2,562
969
Saturn
970
Prior direct: 83 days, 7° 36′
971
Prior station: 36 days
972
退
Retrograde: 103 days, 6°
973
Posterior station: 36 days
974
Posterior direct: 83 days, 7° 36′
975
At first appearance, 17° from the Sun.
976
First fast; daily slowness increases 8 seconds.
977
Increase fast and increase slow: 2 seconds.
978
First slow; daily speed increases 8 seconds.
979
Yang initial
980
26
981
20
982
26
983
2
984
32
985
25
986
32
987
3
988
38
989
30
990
38
991
4
992
32
993
25
994
32
995
5
996
26
997
20
998
26
999
6
1000
20
1001
15
1002
20
1003
7
1004
13
1005
10
1006
13
1007
8
1008
7
1009
5
1010
7
1011
9
1012
Add void
1013
Subtract void
1014
Add void
1015
10
1016
7
1017
5
1018
7
1019
11
1020
13
1021
10
1022
13
1023
12
1024
20
1025
15
1026
20
1027
Yin initial
1028
26
1029
20
1030
26
1031
2
1032
32
1033
25
1034
32
1035
3
1036
38
1037
30
1038
38
1039
4
1040
32
1041
25
1042
32
1043
5
1044
26
1045
20
1046
26
1047
6
1048
20
1049
15
1050
20
1051
7
1052
13
1053
10
1054
13
1055
8
1056
7
1057
5
1058
7
1059
9
1060
Subtract void
1061
Add void
1062
Subtract void
1063
10
1064
7
1065
5
1066
7
1067
11
1068
13
1069
10
1070
13
1071
12
1072
20
1073
15
1074
20
1075
Venus
1076
172, 206
1077
13, 13
1078
42, 30
1079
Evening station
1080
退
10, 5
1081
退
10, 5
1082
Morning station
1083
42, 30
1084
13, 13
1085
172, 206
1086
At first appearance, 11° from the Sun.
1087
First fast; daily slowness increases 84 seconds.
1088
1, 28
1089
Day 7
1090
First slow; daily speed increases 84 seconds.
1091
First fast; daily slowness increases 84 seconds.
1092
Day 7
1093
1, 28
1094
First slow; daily speed increases 19 seconds.
1095
Yang initial
1096
227
1097
6
1098
Subtract void
1099
4
1100
13
1101
164
1102
76
1103
454
1104
2
1105
112
1106
12
1107
13
1108
1109
8
1110
139
1111
88
1112
567
1113
3
1114
Subtract void
1115
18
1116
25
1117
Subtract void
1118
4
1119
113
1120
76
1121
680
1122
4
1123
113
1124
24
1125
38
1126
1127
1128
76
1129
63
1130
567
1131
5
1132
227
1133
31
1134
50
1135
4
1136
1137
38
1138
50
1139
454
1140
6
1141
340
1142
38
1143
63
1144
8
1145
Subtract void
1146
Add void
1147
38
1148
340
1149
7
1150
454
1151
31
1152
76
1153
13
1154
1155
38
1156
Add void
1157
227
1158
8
1159
567
1160
24
1161
63
1162
13
1163
1164
76
1165
Add void
1166
113
1167
9
1168
680
1169
18
1170
50
1171
13
1172
4
1173
113
1174
18
1175
Add void
1176
10
1177
567
1178
12
1179
38
1180
13
1181
8
1182
139
1183
38
1184
113
1185
11
1186
454
1187
6
1188
25
1189
13
1190
13
1191
164
1192
50
1193
227
1194
12
1195
340
1196
Add void
1197
13
1198
8
1199
13
1200
176
1201
63
1202
340
1203
Yin initial
1204
227
1205
6
1206
Add void
1207
4
1208
13
1209
164
1210
76
1211
454
1212
2
1213
113
1214
12
1215
13
1216
1217
8
1218
139
1219
88
1220
567
1221
3
1222
Add void
1223
18
1224
25
1225
Add void
1226
4
1227
113
1228
76
1229
680
1230
4
1231
113
1232
24
1233
38
1234
1235
1236
76
1237
63
1238
567
1239
5
1240
227
1241
31
1242
50
1243
4
1244
1245
38
1246
50
1247
454
1248
6
1249
340
1250
38
1251
63
1252
8
1253
Add void
1254
Subtract void
1255
38
1256
340
1257
7
1258
454
1259
31
1260
76
1261
13
1262
1263
38
1264
19
1265
227
1266
8
1267
567
1268
24
1269
63
1270
13
1271
1272
76
1273
Subtract void
1274
113
1275
9
1276
680
1277
18
1278
50
1279
13
1280
4
1281
113
1282
18
1283
Subtract void
1284
10
1285
567
1286
12
1287
38
1288
13
1289
8
1290
139
1291
38
1292
113
1293
11
1294
454
1295
6
1296
25
1297
13
1298
13
1299
164
1300
50
1301
227
1302
12
1303
340
1304
Subtract void
1305
13
1306
8
1307
13
1308
176
1309
63
1310
340
1311
Mercury
1312
Evening fast: 12 days, 17°
1313
Evening slow: 11 days, 9°
1314
Evening station: 3 days
1315
Morning station: 3 days
1316
11, 9
1317
12, 17
1318
At first appearance, 17° from the Sun.
1319
First fast; daily slowness increases 3 parts.
1320
First fast; daily slowness increases 6 parts.
1321
First slow; daily speed increases 6 parts.
1322
First slow; daily speed increases 3 parts.
← Previous Chapter
Back to Chapters
Next Chapter →