1
自秦變古,王制亡,始郡縣天下。 下更漢、晉,分裂為南、北。 至隋滅陳,天下始合為一,乃改州為郡,依漢制置太守,以司隸、刺史相統治,為郡一百九十,縣一千二百五十五,戶八百九十萬七千五百三十六,口四千六百一萬九千九百五十六。 其地:東西九千三百里,南北一萬四千八百一十五里,東、南皆至海,西至且末,北至五原。
When Qin overturned the old order, the feudal royal system disappeared and the empire was first organized into commanderies and counties. Under later Han and Jin rule, the realm divided into southern and northern states. After the Sui conquered Chen and reunited the empire, it converted prefectures back to commanderies and restored Han-style grand administrators, with metropolitan and regional inspectors supervising them—190 commanderies, 1,255 counties, 8,907,536 households, and 46,019,956 people in all. Its extent ran 9,300 li from east to west and 14,815 li from south to north, with the eastern and southern limits at the sea, the western at Qiemo, and the northern at Wuyuan.
2
唐興,高祖改郡為州,太守為刺史,又置都督府以治之,然天下初定,權置州郡頗多。 太宗元年,始命併省,又因山川形便,分天下為十道:一曰關內,二曰河南,三曰河東,四曰河北,五曰山南,六曰隴右,七曰淮南,八曰江南,九曰劍南,十曰嶺南。 至十三年定簿,凡州府三百五十八,縣一千五百五十一。 明年,平高昌,又增州二,縣六。 其後,北殄突厥頡利,西平高昌,北踰陰山,西抵大漠。 其地:東極海,西至焉耆,南盡林州南境,北接薛延陀界; 東西九千五百一十一里,南北一萬六千九百一十八里。 景雲二年,分天下郡縣,置二十四都督府以統之。 既而以其權重不便,罷之。 開元二十一年,又因十道分山南、江南為東、西道,增置黔中道及京畿、都畿,置十五採訪使,檢察如漢刺史之職。 天寶盜起,中國用兵,而河西、隴右不守,陷于吐蕃,至大中、咸通,始復隴右。 乾符以後,天下大亂,至於唐亡。
At the founding of Tang, Gaozu replaced commanderies with prefectures and grand administrators with inspectors, and set up area-command offices to oversee them; because the realm had only just been pacified, however, a great many prefectures and commanderies were established on a provisional basis. In Taizong's first year he ordered redundant units merged and abolished, and, following natural geographical divisions, carved the empire into ten circuits: Guannei, Henan, Hedong, Hebei, Shannan, Longyou, Huainan, Jiangnan, Jiannan, and Lingnan. When the registers were finalized in the thirteenth year, the empire comprised 358 prefectures and superior prefectures and 1,551 counties. The following year, after the pacification of Gaochang, two prefectures and six counties were added. Later the court destroyed the Turk qaghan Jieli in the north, pacified Gaochang in the west, pushed beyond the Yin Mountains to the north, and reached the great desert in the west. Its boundaries ran to the sea in the east, Yanqi in the west, the southern limits of Lin Prefecture in the south, and the frontier of Xueyantuo in the north; measuring 9,511 li from east to west and 16,918 li from south to north. In Jingyun 2 the empire's commanderies and counties were reorganized under twenty-four area-command offices. Before long they were abolished, as their sweeping powers proved unwieldy. In Kaiyuan 21 the ten circuits were further subdivided, with Shannan and Jiangnan each split into eastern and western circuits and the Qianzhong, metropolitan, and auxiliary metropolitan circuits added; fifteen investigation commissioners were appointed to inspect the realm, in the manner of Han regional inspectors. When rebellion broke out in the Tianbao era and the central provinces were plunged into war, Hexi and Longyou were lost to Tibet; Longyou was not recovered until the Dazhong and Xiantong reigns. After the Qianfu era the empire descended into chaos, which continued until the fall of Tang.
3
然舉唐之盛時,開元、天寶之際,東至安東,西至安西,南至日南,北至單于府,蓋南北如漢之盛,東不及而西過之。 開元二十八年戶部帳,凡郡府三百二十有八,縣千五百七十三,戶八百四十一萬二千八百七十一,口四千八百一十四萬三千六百九,應受田一千四百四十萬三千八百六十二頃。
At Tang's zenith in the Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods, however, its frontiers ran east to Andong, west to Anxi, south to Rinan, and north to the Chanyu Protectorate—matching Han's north-south extent, falling short in the east but exceeding it in the west. According to the Ministry of Revenue registers of Kaiyuan 28, there were 328 commanderies and superior prefectures, 1,573 counties, 8,412,871 households, 48,143,609 persons, and 14,403,862 qing of land subject to allotment.
4
考隋、唐地理之廣狹、戶口盈耗與其州縣廢置,其盛衰治亂興亡可以見矣。 蓋自古為天下者,務廣德而不務廣地,德不足矣,地雖廣莫能守也。 嗚呼,盛極必衰,雖曰勢使之然,而殆忽驕滿,常因盛大,可不戒哉! 關內道關內道,蓋古雍州之域,漢三輔、北地、安定、上郡及弘農、隴西、五原、西河、雲中之境。 京兆、華、同、鳳翔、邠、隴、涇、原、渭、武、寧、慶、鄜、坊、丹、延、靈、威、雄、會、鹽、綏、宥為鶉首分,麟、豐、勝、銀、夏、單于、安北為實沈分,商為鶉火分。 為府二,都護府二,州二十七,縣百三十五。 其名山:太白、九嵕、吳、岐、梁、華。 其大川:涇、渭、灞、滻。 厥賦:絹、綿、布、麻。 京兆、同、華、岐調綿,餘州布、麻。 開元二十五年,以關輔寡蠶,詔納米粟,其河南、河北非通漕州,皆調絹,以便關中。 厥貢:毛、羽、革、角、布、席、弓、刀。 上都上都,初曰京城,天寶元年曰西京,至德二載曰中京,上元二年復曰西京,肅宗元年曰上都。 皇城長千九百一十五步,廣千二百步。 宮城在北,長千四百四十步,廣九百六十步,周四千八百六十步,其崇三丈有半。 龍朔後,皇帝常居大明宮,乃謂之西內,神龍元年曰太極宮。 大明宮在禁苑東南,西接宮城之東北隅,長千八百步,廣千八十步,曰東內,本永安宮,貞觀八年置,九年曰大明宮,以備太上皇清暑,百官獻貲以助役。 高宗以風痺,厭西內湫濕,龍朔二年始大興葺,曰蓬萊宮,咸亨元年曰含元宮,長安元年復曰大明宮。 興慶宮在皇城東南,距京城之東,開元初置,至十四年又增廣之,謂之南內,二十年,築夾城入芙蓉園。 京城前直子午谷,後枕龍首山,左臨灞岸,右抵灃水,其長六千六百六十五步,廣五千五百七十五步,周二萬四千一百二十步,其崇丈有八尺。 京兆府京兆府,京兆郡,本雍州,開元元年為府。 厥貢:水土稻、麥、麰、紫稈粟、隔紗、粲席、鞾氈、蠟、酸棗仁、地骨皮、櫻桃、藕粉。 天寶元年領戶三十六萬二千九百二十一,口百九十六萬一百八十八。 領縣二十。 有府百三十一,曰真化、匡道、水衡、仲山、新城、竇泉、善信、鳳神、安業、平香、太清,餘皆逸。
A survey of the territorial extent, population growth and decline, and administrative changes of Sui and Tang reveals plainly how empires rise and fall. From antiquity rulers of the realm have sought to extend their virtue rather than their borders; when virtue falls short, even vast territory cannot be held. Alas, greatness at its peak must give way to decline; though circumstance plays its part, neglect born of pride and complacency in the hour of splendor is a warning none should ignore! Guannei Circuit. Guannei Circuit broadly covered ancient Yong Province—the Han capital districts, Beidi, Anding, Shang, and the territories of Hongnong, Longxi, Wuyuan, Xihe, and Yunzhong. Jingzhao, Hua, Tong, Fengxiang, Bin, Long, Jing, Yuan, Wei, Wu, Ning, Qing, Fu, Fang, Dan, Yan, Ling, Wei, Xiong, Hui, Yan, Sui, and You fell within the Quishou asterism; Lin, Feng, Sheng, Yin, Xia, Chanyu, and Anbei within Shen; and Shang within Qinhuo. It contained two metropolitan prefectures, two protectorate prefectures, twenty-seven prefectures, and 135 counties. Notable mountains included Taibai, Jiuyu, Wu, Qi, Liang, and Hua. Major rivers included the Jing, Wei, Ba, and Chan. Taxes were paid in silk, cotton, cloth, and hemp. Jingzhao, Tong, Hua, and Qi paid cotton levies; other prefectures paid cloth and hemp. In Kaiyuan 25, because the capital region raised few silkworms, an edict required grain payments instead; in Henan and Hebei, prefectures off the canal routes were levied silk to supply the Guanzhong heartland. Tribute included fur, feathers, leather, horn, cloth, mats, bows, and knives. Shangdu. The supreme capital was first called the Capital City; in Tianbao 1 it became the Western Capital; in Zhide 2 the Central Capital; in Shangyuan 2 the Western Capital again; and in Suzong 1 Shangdu. The Imperial City measured 1,915 paces by 1,200 paces. The Palace City lay to the north, 1,440 paces long and 960 wide, with a perimeter of 4,860 paces and walls three and a half zhang high. After Longshuo the emperor usually resided in Daming Palace, hence called the Western Inner Palace; in Shenlong 1 it was renamed Taiji Palace. Daming Palace stood southeast of the Forbidden Park, adjoining the Palace City's northeast corner—1,800 by 1,080 paces, known as the Eastern Inner Palace. Originally Yong'an Palace, built in Zhenguan 8 and renamed Daming in the ninth year as a summer retreat for the retired emperor; officials contributed funds toward its construction. Gaozong, afflicted with rheumatism, found the Western Inner Palace too damp; in Longshuo 2 major reconstruction began under the name Penglai Palace, renamed Hanyuan in Xianheng 1 and Daming again in Chang'an 1. Xingqing Palace lay southeast of the Imperial City, east of the capital; founded early in Kaiyuan and enlarged by year fourteen, it was known as the Southern Inner Palace; in year twenty a walled corridor was built linking it to Furong Garden. The capital faced Ziwu Valley to the south, backed by Longshou Mountain, with the Ba River on the left and the Feng on the right—6,665 paces long, 5,575 wide, a perimeter of 24,120 paces, and walls one zhang eight chi high. Jingzhao Superior Prefecture. Jingzhao Superior Prefecture, or Jingzhao Commandery, was formerly Yong Province and was elevated to a superior prefecture in Kaiyuan 1. Tribute included local rice, wheat, barley, purple-stalk millet, gauze, fine mats, boot felt, wax, jujube kernels, wolfberry root bark, cherries, and lotus-root starch. In Tianbao 1 it registered 362,921 households and 1,961,188 persons. It administered twenty counties. It had 131 garrisons, among them Zhenhua, Kuangdao, Shuiheng, Zhongshan, Xincheng, Douquan, Shanxin, Fengshen, Anye, Pingxiang, and Taiqing; the names of the rest are lost.
5
萬年,赤。 本大興,武德元年更名。 二年析置芷陽縣,七年省。 總章元年析置明堂縣,長安二年省。 天寶七載曰咸寧,至德三載復故名。 有南望春宮,臨滻水,西岸有北望春宮,宮東有廣運潭。 福陵在東二十五里,敬陵在東南四十里。 長安,赤。 總章元年析置乾封縣,長安二年省。 有大安宮,本弘義,後更名。 南五十里太和谷有太和宮,武德八年置,貞觀十年廢,二十一年復置,曰翠微宮,籠山為苑,元和中以為翠微寺。 有子午關。 天寶二年,尹韓朝宗引渭水入金光門,置潭于西市,以貯材木。 大曆元年,尹黎幹自南山開漕渠抵景風、延喜門,入苑以漕炭薪。 咸陽,畿。 武德元年析涇陽、始平置。 有望賢宮。 有便橋。 有興寧陵,又有順陵,在咸陽原。 興平,畿。 本始平,景龍二年,中宗送金城公主降吐蕃至此,改曰金城,至德二載更名。 西十八里有隋仙林宮。 雲陽,赤。 武德元年析置石門縣,三年以石門、溫秀置泉州。 貞觀元年州廢,省溫秀,更石門曰雲陽,雲陽曰池陽。 八年省雲陽,更池陽曰雲陽。 天授二年以雲陽、涇陽、醴泉、三原置鼎州,大足元年州廢。 有堯山、甘泉山,凡禁樵採者著于志。 有古鄭、白渠。 崇陵在北十五里嵯峨山,貞陵在西北四十里。 涇陽,畿。 三原,次赤。 武德四年曰池陽,六年曰華池,析置三原,隸泉州,貞觀元年省,復華池曰三原。 永康陵在北十八里,獻陵在東十八里,莊陵在西北五里,端陵在東十里。 渭南,畿。 武德元年隸華州,五年還隸雍州。 天授二年析渭南、慶山置鴻門縣,以渭南、慶山、鴻門、高陵、櫟陽置鴻州,尋省鴻門,大足元年州廢。 西十里有遊龍宮,開元二十五年更置。 東十五里有隋崇業宮。 昭應,次赤。 本新豐,垂拱二年曰慶山,神龍元年復故名。 有宮在驪山下,貞觀十八年置,咸亨二年始名溫泉宮。 天寶元年更驪山曰會昌山。 三載,以縣去宮遠,析新豐、萬年置會昌縣。 六載,更溫泉曰華清宮,宮治湯井為池,環山列宮室,又築羅城,置百司及十宅。 七載省新豐,更會昌縣及山曰昭應。 東三十五里有慶山,垂拱二年涌出。 有清虛原,本鳳凰,有幽棲谷,本鸚鵡,中宗以韋嗣立所居更名。 有旌儒鄉,有廟,故坑儒,玄宗更名。 齊陵在東十六里。 高陵,畿。 武德元年析置鹿苑縣,貞觀元年省。 西四十里有龍躍宮,武德六年,高祖以舊第置,德宗以為脩真觀。 有古白渠,寶曆元年,令劉仁師請更水道,渠成,名曰劉公,堰曰彭城。 同官,畿。 有女迴山。 富平,次赤。 有荊山,有鹽池澤。 定陵在西北十五里龍泉山,元陵在西北二十五里檀山,豐陵在東三十三里甕金山,章陵在西北二十里,簡陵在西北四十里。 藍田,畿。 武德二年析置白鹿縣,三年更曰寧民,又析藍田置玉山縣,貞觀三年皆省。 有覆車山。 有藍田關,故嶢關。 有庫谷,谷有關。 武德六年,寧民令顏昶引南山水入京城。 永淳元年作萬全宮,弘道元年廢。 鄠,畿。 有渼陂。 東南三十里有隋太平宮,西南二十二里有隋甘泉宮。 奉天,次赤。 文明元年,析醴泉、始平、好畤、武功、豳州之永壽置,以奉乾陵,陵在北五里梁山。 靖陵在東北十里。 乾寧二年以縣置乾州,及覃王出鎮,又以畿內之好畤、武功、盩厔、醴泉隸之。 好畤,畿。 故上宜,武德二年析醴泉置好畤。 貞觀八年廢上宜入岐陽,二十一年省好畤、岐陽,復置上宜,更上宜曰好畤。 有大橫關。 武功,畿。 武德三年,以武功、好畤、盩厔及郇州之郿、鳳泉置稷州,又析始平置扶風縣,四年以岐州之圍川隸之,七年以郿隸岐州。 貞觀元年州廢,省扶風,以圍川、鳳泉隸岐州,盩厔、武功隸雍州。 天授二年,復以武功、始平、奉天、盩厔、好畤置稷州,大足元年州廢。 有太一山。 南十八里有慶善宮,臨渭水,武德元年,高祖以舊第置宮,後廢為慈德寺。 西原,殤帝所葬。 醴泉,次赤。 武德元年析置溫秀縣,後省醴泉。 貞觀十年營昭陵,析雲陽、咸陽復置。 有芳山,有九嵕山。 昭陵在西北六十里九嵕山。 建陵在東北十八里武將山,一名馮山。 華原,畿。 義寧二年以華原、宜君、同官置宜君郡,并置土門縣以隸之。 武德元年曰宜州,貞觀十七年州廢,省宜君、土門,以華原、同官隸雍州。 垂拱二年更華原曰永安。 天授二年復以永安、同官、富平、美原置宜州,大足元年州廢。 有永安宮,長安二年置。 神龍元年復永安曰華原。 有蒲萄園官。 天祐三年,李茂貞墨制以縣置耀州。 美原。 畿。 咸亨二年,析富平、華原及同州之蒲城,以故土門縣置。 天祐三年,李茂貞墨制以縣置鼎州。 華州華州,華陰郡,上輔。 義寧元年析京兆郡之鄭、華陰置,垂拱二年避武氏諱曰太州,神龍元年復故名,上元二年又更名太州,寶應元年復故名,乾寧四年曰興德府。 縣次畿、赤。 光化三年復為州。 土貢:鷂、烏鶻、伏苓、伏神、細辛。 戶三萬三千一百八十七,口二十二萬三千六百一十三。 縣四。 有府二十,曰普樂、豐原、義全、清義、萬福、脩仁、神水、常興、義津、定城、延壽、羅文、鄭邑、宣義、相原、孝德、溫湯、宣化、懷德、懷仁。 有鎮國軍,肅宗上元元年置。
Wannian, a first-grade county. Originally Daxing; renamed in Wude 1. Zhiyang County was split off in year 2 and abolished in year 7. Mingtang County was created in Zongzhang 1 and abolished in Chang'an 2. Renamed Xianning in Tianbao 7; the original name was restored in Zhide 3. It had the Southern Wangchun Palace on the Chan River, the Northern Wangchun Palace on the west bank, and Guangyun Pool east of the palace. Fuling lay twenty-five li east; Jingling forty li southeast. Chang'an, a first-grade county. Qianfeng County was created in Zongzhang 1 and abolished in Chang'an 2. It had the Da'an Palace, originally Hongyi, later renamed. Taihe Palace stood fifty li south in Taihe Valley, built in Wude 8, abandoned in Zhenguan 10, restored in year 21 as Cuiwei Palace with the mountain enclosed as a park, and converted to Cuiwei Temple in the Yuanhe era. It had Ziwu Pass. In Tianbao 2 Prefect Han Chaozong diverted the Wei into the city through Jinguang Gate and built a pool in the western market to store timber. In Dali 1 Prefect Li Gan cut a transport canal from the Southern Mountains to Jingfeng and Yanxi gates to bring charcoal and firewood into the imperial park. Xianyang, a metropolitan dependency county. Established in Wude 1 by division from Jingyang and Shiping. It had Wangxian Palace. It had Bian Bridge. It had Xingning Mausoleum and Shunling on the Xianyang plateau. Xingping, a metropolitan dependency county. Originally Shiping; renamed Jincheng in Jinglong 2 when Zhongzong escorted Princess Jincheng to Tibet through here, and renamed Xingping in Zhide 2. The Sui Xianlin Palace stood eighteen li west. Yunyang, a first-grade county. Shimen County was split off in Wude 1; in year 3 Shimen and Wenxiu were combined to form Quan Prefecture. Quan Prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 1, Wenxiu eliminated, Shimen renamed Yunyang, and the former Yunyang renamed Chiyang. In year 8 the redundant Yunyang was abolished and Chiyang renamed Yunyang. Ding Prefecture was created in Tianshou 2 from Yunyang, Jingyang, Liquan, and Sanyuan, and abolished in Dazu 1. Mount Yao and Mount Ganquan lay within it; all areas where woodcutting was prohibited are noted in the treatise. It had the ancient Zheng and Bai canals. Chongling stood fifteen li north on Mount Cuo'e; Zhenling forty li northwest. Jingyang, a metropolitan dependency county. Sanyuan, a second-grade county. Named Chiyang in Wude 4 and Huachi in year 6; Sanyuan was split off and placed under Quan Prefecture, abolished in Zhenguan 1, and Huachi restored as Sanyuan. Yongkangling lay eighteen li north; Xianling eighteen li east; Zhuangling five li northwest; Duanling ten li east. Weinan, a metropolitan dependency county. Subordinated to Hua Prefecture in Wude 1 and returned to Yong Prefecture in year 5. Hongmen County was split from Weinan and Qingshan in Tianshou 2; Hong Prefecture was formed from Weinan, Qingshan, Hongmen, Gaoling, and Liyang, but Hongmen was soon abolished and the prefecture dissolved in Dazu 1. Youlong Palace stood ten li west, rebuilt in Kaiyuan 25. The Sui Chongye Palace lay fifteen li east. Zhaoying, a second-grade county. Originally Xinfeng; renamed Qingshan in Chuigong 2 and restored in Shenlong 1. A palace below Mount Li was built in Zhenguan 18 and named the Hot Springs Palace in Xianheng 2. Mount Li was renamed Mount Huichang in Tianbao 1. In year 3 Huichang County was split from Xinfeng and Wannian because the county seat lay too far from the palace. In year 6 the Hot Springs Palace became Huaqing Palace; spring wells were fashioned into pools, palaces ringed the mountain, an outer city was built, and the hundred offices and ten princely residences were established. In year 7 Xinfeng was abolished and both Huichang County and the mountain renamed Zhaoying. Mount Qingshan emerged thirty-five li east in Chuigong 2. Qingxu Plateau was originally Fenghuang; Youqi Valley was originally Yingwu—both renamed by Zhongzong for Wei Silie's residence. Jingru Township had a temple at the site of the scholars' burial pit, renamed by Xuanzong. Qiling lay sixteen li east. Gaoling, a metropolitan dependency county. Luyuan County was split off in Wude 1 and abolished in Zhenguan 1. Longyue Palace stood forty li west, built in Wude 6 on Gaozu's former residence and converted by Dezong to Xiuzhen Abbey. The ancient Bai Canal ran through it; in Baoli 1 Magistrate Liu Renshi rerouted the channel, and the completed canal was named for Lord Liu with a weir called Pengcheng. Tongguan, a metropolitan dependency county. It had Mount Nühui. Fuping, a second-grade county. It had Jing Mountain and Salt Pool Marsh. Dingling lay fifteen li northwest on Longquan Mountain; Yuanling twenty-five li northwest on Tan Mountain; Fengling thirty-three li east on Wengjin Mountain; Zhangling twenty li northwest; and Jianling forty li northwest. Lantian, a metropolitan dependency county. Bailu County was split off in Wude 2, renamed Ningmin in year 3, and Yushan was carved from Lantian; all were abolished in Zhenguan 3. It had Overturned-Cart Mountain. It had Lantian Pass, formerly Yaoguan. It had Kugu Valley, with a pass in the valley. In Wude 6 Yan Chang, magistrate of Ningmin, diverted southern mountain water into the capital. Wanshan Palace was built in Yongchun 1 and abandoned in Hongdao 1. Hu, a metropolitan dependency county. It had Meipi Lake. The Sui Taiping Palace stood thirty li southeast, and the Sui Ganquan Palace twenty-two li southwest. Fengtian, a second-grade county. Created in Wenming 1 from parts of Liquan, Shiping, Haozhi, Wugong, and Yongshou of Bin Prefecture to tend Qianling, which lay five li north on Liang Mountain. Jingling lay ten li northeast. In Qianning 2 the county became Qian Prefecture; when the Prince of Tan took up his command, Haozhi, Wugong, Zhouzhi, and Liquan from the metropolitan interior were also assigned to it. Haozhi, a metropolitan dependency county. Formerly Shangyi; Haozhi was split off from Liquan in Wude 2. Shangyi was merged into Qiyang in Zhenguan 8; in year 21 Haozhi and Qiyang were abolished, Shangyi was restored, and renamed Haozhi. It had Daheng Pass. Wugong, a metropolitan dependency county. In Wude 3 Ji Prefecture was created from Wugong, Haozhi, Zhouzhi, Mei, and Fengquan of Huan Prefecture, and Fufeng was split off from Shiping; Weichuan of Qi Prefecture was added in year 4, and Mei returned to Qi Prefecture in year 7. The prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 1; Fufeng was eliminated, Weichuan and Fengquan went to Qi Prefecture, and Zhouzhi and Wugong to Yong Prefecture. Ji Prefecture was restored in Tianshou 2 from Wugong, Shiping, Fengtian, Zhouzhi, and Haozhi, and abolished again in Dazu 1. It had Mount Taiyi. Qingshan Palace stood eighteen li south on the Wei River, built in Wude 1 on Gaozu's former residence and later converted to Cide Temple. Xiyuan, burial place of the Infant Emperor. Liquan, a second-grade county. Wenxiu County was split off in Wude 1; Liquan was later abolished. When Zhaoling was built in Zhenguan 10, the county was restored from parts of Yunyang and Xianyang. It had Fang Mountain and Mount Jiuyu. Zhaoling lay sixty li northwest on Mount Jiuyu. Jianling stood eighteen li northeast on Wujiang Mountain, also known as Feng Mountain. Huayuan, a metropolitan dependency county. In Yining 2 Yijun Commandery was created from Huayuan, Yijun, and Tongguan, with Tumen County added under its jurisdiction. Named Yi Prefecture in Wude 1; abolished in Zhenguan 17 along with Yijun and Tumen counties, while Huayuan and Tongguan passed to Yong Prefecture. Huayuan was renamed Yong'an in Chuigong 2. Yi Prefecture was restored in Tianshou 2 from Yong'an, Tongguan, Fuping, and Meiyuan, and abolished again in Dazu 1. It had Yong'an Palace, built in Chang'an 2. Yong'an was renamed Huayuan again in Shenlong 1. It had an office for the imperial grape gardens. In Tianyou 3 Li Maozhen, by his own decree, elevated the county to Yao Prefecture. Meiyuan County. A metropolitan dependency county. Created in Xianheng 2 from parts of Fuping, Huayuan, and Pucheng of Tong Prefecture on the old seat of Tumen County. In Tianyou 3 Li Maozhen, by his own decree, elevated the county to Ding Prefecture. Hua Prefecture. Hua Prefecture, or Huayin Commandery, was an upper auxiliary prefecture. Established in Yining 1 from Zheng and Huayin of Jingzhao Commandery; renamed Tai Prefecture in Chuigong 2 to avoid the Wu taboo, restored in Shenlong 1, renamed Tai again in Shangyuan 2, restored in Baoying 1, and elevated to Xingde Superior Prefecture in Qianning 4. Its counties ranked as metropolitan dependency and first-grade. It reverted to prefectural status in Guanghua 3. Tribute included harriers, goshawks, poria, fu shen, and asarum. It registered 33,187 households and 223,613 persons. It administered four counties. It had twenty garrisons: Pule, Fengyuan, Yiquan, Qingyi, Wanfu, Xiuren, Shensui, Changxing, Yijin, Dingcheng, Yanshou, Luowen, Zhengyi, Xuanyi, Xiangyuan, Xiaode, Wentang, Xuanhua, Huaide, and Huairen. It had the Zhenguo Army, founded in Shangyuan 1 of Suzong's reign.
6
鄭,望。 有少華山。 東北三里有神臺宮,本隋普德宮,咸亨二年更名。 西南二十三里有利俗渠,引喬谷水,東南十五里有羅文渠,引小敷谷水,支分溉田,皆開元四年詔陝州刺史姜師度疏故渠,又立隄以捍水害。 華陰,望。 垂拱元年更名仙掌。 天授二年析置潼津縣,在關口,後隸虢州,聖曆二年來屬,長安中省。 神龍元年復曰華陰,上元二年曰太陰,華山曰太山,寶應元年復故名。 有岳祠。 有潼關,有渭津關。 有漕渠,自苑西引渭水,因古渠會灞、滻,經廣運潭至縣入渭,天寶三載韋堅開。 又有永豐倉,有臨渭倉。 西十八里有瓊岳宮,故隋華陰宮,顯慶三年更名。 東十三里有隋金城宮,武德三年廢,顯慶三年復置。 西二十四里有敷水渠,開元二年,姜師度鑿,以洩水害,五年,刺史樊忱復鑿之,使通渭漕。 下邽,望。 本隸同州,垂拱元年來屬。 東南二十里有金氏二陂,武德二年引白渠灌之,以置監屯。 櫟陽。 本畿。 故萬年,隸雍州。 武德元年更名,又析置平陵縣,二年更平陵曰粟邑,貞觀八年省。 有煮鹽澤。 天祐三年來屬。 同州同州,馮翊郡,上輔。 武德元年更諸郡為州,其沒于賊者,事平乃更。 天寶三載以州為郡,乾元元年復以郡為州。 凡州、郡、縣無所更置者皆承隋舊。 土貢:鞾鞹二物、皺紋吉莫、麝、芑茨、龍莎、凝水石。 戶六萬九百二十八,口四十萬八千七百五。 縣八。 有府二十六,曰濟北、唐安、秦城、太州、大亭、河東、興德、連邑、伏龍、溫湯、安遠、業善、南鄉、臨高、瀵陽、襄城、崇道、淅谷、吉安、長春、華池、永大、洪泉、善福、司禦、效誠。
Zheng, a distinguished county. It had Lesser Hua Mountain. Shentai Palace stood three li northeast, originally the Sui Pude Palace and renamed in Xianheng 2. The Lisu Canal twenty-three li southwest drew Qiaogu water; the Luowen Canal fifteen li southeast drew Lesser Fugu water with branches for irrigation; in Kaiyuan 4 the emperor ordered Shaanxi Prefect Jiang Shidu to dredge these old channels and build dikes against flooding. Huayin, a distinguished county. Renamed Xianzhang in Chuigong 1. Tongjin County was split off in Tianshou 2 at the pass; it later belonged to Guo Prefecture, returned here in Shengli 2, and was abolished in the Chang'an period. Restored to Huayin in Shenlong 1; renamed Taiyin in Shangyuan 2 with Hua Mountain called Tai Mountain; original names were restored in Baoying 1. It had the shrine to the sacred peak. It had Tong Pass and Weijin Pass. A grain canal drew the Wei west of the imperial park, followed an ancient channel to meet the Ba and Chan, ran through Guangyun Pool, and entered the Wei at the county—opened by Wei Jian in Tianbao 3. It also had Yongfeng Granary and Linwei Granary. Qiongyue Palace stood eighteen li west, originally the Sui Huayin Palace and renamed in Xianqing 3. The Sui Jincheng Palace stood thirteen li east, abandoned in Wude 3 and restored in Xianqing 3. The Fushui Canal lay twenty-four li west; Jiang Shidu cut it in Kaiyuan 2 to drain floodwaters, and Prefect Fan Chen reopened it in year 5 to link Wei transport. Xiagui, a distinguished county. Formerly part of Tong Prefecture; transferred here in Chuigong 1. The two Jin clan ponds twenty li southeast were irrigated from the Bai Canal in Wude 2, when a military colony was established. Liyang County. Formerly a metropolitan dependency county. Formerly Wannian, subordinate to Yong Prefecture. Renamed in Wude 1; Pingling was split off and renamed Suyi in year 2; abolished in Zhenguan 8. It had a salt-boiling marsh. It was transferred here in Tianyou 3. Tong Prefecture. Tong Prefecture, or Fengyi Commandery, was an upper auxiliary prefecture. In Wude 1 commanderies became prefectures; territories lost to rebels were renamed only after order was restored. Prefectures became commanderies in Tianbao 3 and reverted to prefectures in Qianyuan 1. Prefectures, commanderies, and counties that were neither renamed nor newly established continued the Sui arrangement. Tribute included boots and leggings in two kinds, creased jimo cloth, musk, citong, dragon sedge, and alum stone. It registered 60,928 households and 408,705 persons. It administered eight counties. It had twenty-six garrisons: Jibei, Tang'an, Qincheng, Taizhou, Dating, Hedong, Xingde, Lianyi, Fulong, Wentang, Anyuan, Yeshan, Nanxiang, Lingao, Fenyang, Xiangcheng, Chongdao, Xigu, Ji'an, Changchun, Huachi, Yongda, Hongquan, Shanfu, Siyu, and Xiaocheng.
7
馮翊,望。 武德九年析置臨沮縣,貞觀九年省。 有沙苑。 南三十二里有興德宮,在志武里,高祖將趨長安所次。 朝邑,望。 有長春宮。 武德三年析置河濱縣,貞觀元年省。 北四里有通靈陂,開元七年,刺史姜師度引洛堰河以溉田百餘頃。 乾元三年曰河西,隸河中府,大曆五年復曰朝邑,還隸同州。 有河瀆祠、西海祠。 小池有鹽。 韓城,上。 武德八年徙置西韓州,貞觀八年州廢,以韓城、河西、郃陽來屬,天祐二年更名韓原。 有鐵。 有梁山。 有龍門山,有關。 武德七年,治中雲得臣自龍門引河溉田六千餘頃。 郃陽,望。 有陽班湫,貞元四年堰洿谷水成。 夏陽,本河西,武德三年析郃陽置,又以河西、郃陽、韓城置西韓州。 乾元三年更河西曰夏陽,隸河中,後復來屬。 白水,望。 澄城,望。 武德三年析置長寧縣,貞觀八年省。 奉先。 本次赤。 故蒲城,開元四年更名,隸京兆府。 橋陵在西北三十里豐山,泰陵在東北二十里金粟山,景陵在西北二十里金熾山,光陵在北十五里堯山,惠陵在西北十里。 有鹵池二,大中二年,其一生鹽。 天祐三年來屬。 商州商州,上洛郡,望。 土貢:麝香、弓材。 有洛源監錢官。 貞元七年,刺史李西華自藍田至內鄉開新道七百餘里,迴山取塗,人不病涉,謂之偏路,行旅便之。 戶八千九百二十六,口五萬三千八十。 縣六。 有府二,曰洵水、玉京。 有興平軍,初在郿縣東原,至德中徙。
Fengyi, a distinguished county. Linju County was split off in Wude 9 and abolished in Zhenguan 9. It had Shayuan Park. Xingde Palace stood thirty-two li south in Zhiwu Ward, where Gaozu stopped on his march toward Chang'an. Chaoyi, a distinguished county. It had Changchun Palace. Hebin County was split off in Wude 3 and abolished in Zhenguan 1. Tongling Pond lay four li north; in Kaiyuan 7 Prefect Jiang Shidu diverted the Luo weir river to irrigate over a hundred qing of farmland. Renamed Hexi in Qianyuan 3 and assigned to Hezhong Superior Prefecture; restored to Chaoyi in Dali 5 and returned to Tong Prefecture. It had shrines to the River Spirit and the Western Sea. Small ponds yielded salt. Hancheng, an upper-grade county. In Wude 8 it became the seat of Western Han Prefecture; after that prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 8, Hancheng, Hexi, and Heyang were assigned here; renamed Hanyuan in Tianyou 2. It had iron. It had Mount Liang. It had Longmen Mountain and a pass. In Wude 7 Acting Prefect Yun Dechen diverted the Yellow River at Longmen to irrigate over six thousand qing of farmland. Heyang, a distinguished county. Yangban Pond was created in Zhenyuan 4 when a weir dammed the Wugu valley stream. Xiayang, formerly Hexi, was split from Heyang in Wude 3; Hexi, Heyang, and Hancheng then formed Western Han Prefecture. Renamed Xiayang from Hexi in Qianyuan 3 and assigned to Hezhong, it later returned here. Baishui, a distinguished county. Chengcheng, a distinguished county. Changning County was split off in Wude 3 and abolished in Zhenguan 8. Fengxian. A second-grade county. Formerly Pucheng, it was renamed in Kaiyuan 4 and placed under Jingzhao Superior Prefecture. Qiaoling lay thirty li northwest on Mount Feng; Tailing twenty li northeast on Mount Jinshu; Jingling twenty li northwest on Mount Jinchi; Guangling fifteen li north on Mount Yao; and Huiling ten li northwest. It had two brine ponds; one began producing salt in Dazhong 2. It was reassigned here in Tianyou 3. Shang Prefecture. Shang Prefecture, or Shangluo Commandery, was a distinguished prefecture. Tribute included musk and bow wood. It had a Luoyuan mint office. In Zhenyuan 7 Prefect Li Xihua opened a new seven-hundred-li route from Lantian to Neixiang that skirted the mountains so travelers could cross without hardship; known as the Side Road, it greatly eased passage. 8,926 households and 53,080 persons. It had six counties. It had two garrisons, Xunshui and Yujing. The Xingping Army was first stationed on Mei County's eastern plateau and was relocated in the Zhide era.
8
上洛,緊。 有熊耳山。 豐陽,上。 洛南,上。 有金,有銅,有鐵。 商洛,望。 東有武關。 上津,上。 義寧二年以上津、豐利、黃土置上津郡,幷置長利縣。 武德元年曰上州。 貞觀元年省長利。 八年州廢,以黃土隸金州,豐利隸均州,上津來屬。 乾元。 中下。 本安業,萬歲通天元年析豐陽置,景龍三年隸雍州,景雲元年來屬,乾元元年更名,隸京兆,尋復還屬。 鳳翔府鳳翔府,扶風郡,赤上輔。 本岐州,至德元載更郡曰鳳翔,二載復郡故名,號西京,為府。 上元二年罷京,元年曰西都,未幾復罷都。 土貢:榛實、龍鬚席、蠟燭。 戶五萬八千四百八十六,口三十八萬四百六十三。 縣九。 有府十三,曰岐山、雍北、道清、洛邑、留谷、岐陽、文城、𨙸邑、三交、鳳泉、望苑、邵吉、山泉。
Shangluo, a strategic county. It had Mount Xiong'er. Fengyang, an upper-grade county. Luonan, an upper-grade county. It had gold, copper, and iron. Shangluo, a distinguished county. Wu Pass lay to the east. Shangjin, an upper-grade county. Shangjin Commandery was created in Yining 2 from Shangjin, Fengli, and Huangtu, with Changli County also established. Named Shang Prefecture in Wude 1. Changli was abolished in Zhenguan 1. The prefecture was abolished in year 8; Huangtu went to Jin Prefecture, Fengli to Jun Prefecture, and Shangjin was assigned here. Qianyuan. A lower-middle-grade county. Formerly Anye, it was split from Fengyang in Wansui tongtian 1, went to Yong Prefecture in Jinglong 3, returned here in Jingyun 1, was renamed and assigned to Jingzhao in Qianyuan 1, and soon came back. Fengxiang Superior Prefecture. Fengxiang Superior Prefecture, or Fufeng Commandery, was a first-grade upper auxiliary prefecture. Originally Qi Prefecture, its commandery was renamed Fengxiang in Zhide 1; the old commandery name was restored in year 2, it was styled the Western Capital, and elevated to a superior prefecture. Capital status was withdrawn in Shangyuan 2; it was styled the Western Metropolis in year 1, but metropolitan rank was soon abolished again. Tribute included hazel nuts, dragon-whisker mats, and candles. 58,486 households and 380,463 persons. It had nine counties. It had thirteen garrisons—Qishan, Yongbei, Daoqing, Luoyi, Liugu, Qiyang, Wencheng, Huanyi, Sanjiao, Fengquan, Wangyuan, Shaoji, and Shanquan.
9
天興,次赤。 本雍,至德二載曰鳳翔,仍析置天興縣,寶應元年省鳳翔入天興。 岐山,次畿。 貞觀七年,析扶風、岐山及京兆之上宜置岐陽縣,八年省上宜入岐山,永徽五年復置,元和三年省。 有岐山。 扶風,次畿。 本湋川,武德三年析岐山置,以湋水名之,貞觀八年更名。 麟遊,次畿。 義寧元年置,以麟遊及京兆之上宜、扶風郡之普潤置鳳棲郡。 二年以仁壽宮中獲白麟,更郡曰麟遊,又以安定郡之鶉觚幷析置靈臺縣隸之。 武德元年曰麟州貞觀元年州廢,省靈臺入麟遊,以麟遊、普潤來屬,上宜還隸雍州,鶉觚還隸涇州。 西五里有九成宮,本隋仁壽宮,義寧元年廢,貞觀五年復置,更名,永徽二年曰萬年宮,乾封二年復曰九成宮,周垣千八百步,幷置禁苑及府庫官寺等。 又西三十里有永安宮,貞觀八年置。 普潤,次畿。 有隴右軍,貞元十年置; 十一年以縣隸隴右經略使,元和元年更名保義軍。 寶雞,次畿。 本陳倉,至德二載更名。 東有渠引渭水入昇原渠,通長安故城,咸通三年開。 西南有大散關。 有寶雞山。 虢,次畿。 貞觀八年省入岐山,天授二年復置。 東北十里有高泉渠,如意元年開,引水入縣城。 又西北有昇原渠,引汧水至咸陽,垂拱初運岐、隴水入京城。 郿,次畿。 義寧二年置郿城郡,又析置鳳泉縣。 武德元年曰郇州,以鳳泉來屬,三年州廢,以郿隸稷州,七年來屬。 貞觀八年省鳳泉。 大曆五年權隸京兆。 有太白山,有鳳泉湯。 盩厔。 本畿,隸雍州。 武德二年析置終南縣,貞觀八年省,天寶元年更名宜壽,至德二載復故名,乾寧中隸乾州,天復元年來屬。 有駱谷關,武德七年置。 有司竹園。 東南三十二里有隋宜壽宮。 有樓觀、老子祠。 邠州邠州,新平郡,緊。 義寧二年析北地郡之新平、三水置。 邠,故作「豳」,開元十三年以字類「幽」改。 土貢:剪刀、火筯、蓽豆、澡豆、白蜜、地膽。 戶二萬二千九百七十七,口十二萬五千二百五十。 縣四。 有府十,曰嘉陽、宜祿、公劉、良社、胡陵、蜯川、萬敵、金池、舜城、宜山。
Tianxing, a second-grade county. Formerly Yong, renamed Fengxiang in Zhide 2 with Tianxing split off; Fengxiang was abolished and absorbed into Tianxing in Baoying 1. Qishan, a second metropolitan dependency county. Qiyang County was split from Fufeng, Qishan, and Jingzhao's Shangyi in Zhenguan 7; Shangyi merged into Qishan in year 8, restored in Yonghui 5, and abolished in Yuanhe 3. It had Mount Qi. Fufeng, a second metropolitan dependency county. Formerly Weichuan, split from Qishan in Wude 3 and named for the Wei River, it was renamed in Zhenguan 8. Linyou, a second metropolitan dependency county. Established in Yining 1; Linyou, Jingzhao's Shangyi, and Fufeng's Purun formed Fengqi Commandery. In year 2 a white qilin found at Renshou Palace prompted renaming the commandery Linyou; Zhen'egu of Ding's Lingtai was split off and added. Named Lin Prefecture in Wude 1; abolished in Zhenguan 1 with Lingtai merged into Linyou; Linyou and Purun were assigned here, Shangyi to Yong Prefecture, and Zhen'egu to Jing Prefecture. Jiucheng Palace stood five li west, originally the Sui Renshou Palace, abandoned in Yining 1, restored and renamed in Zhenguan 5, called Wannian Palace in Yonghui 2 and Jiucheng again in Qianfeng 2; its walls ran 1,800 paces with a forbidden park, warehouses, offices, and temples. Yong'an Palace lay thirty li farther west, built in Zhenguan 8. Purun, a second metropolitan dependency county. The Longyou Army was established in Zhenyuan 10; in year 11 the county passed to the Longyou frontier commissioner, and in Yuanhe 1 the army was renamed Baoyi. Baoji, a second metropolitan dependency county. Formerly Chencang, renamed in Zhide 2. An eastern canal diverted the Wei into the Shengyuan Canal to reach old Chang'an, opened in Xiantong 3. Great Sansan Pass lay to the southwest. It had Mount Baoji. Guo, a second metropolitan dependency county. Merged into Qishan in Zhenguan 8 and restored in Tianshou 2. The Gaoquan Canal, opened in Ruyi 1, brought water into the county seat ten li northeast. The Shengyuan Canal northwest carried the Qian River to Xianyang; in early Chuigong, Qi and Long waters were channeled into the capital. Mei, a second metropolitan dependency county. Meicheng Commandery was created in Yining 2, with Fengquan County split off. Named Huan Prefecture in Wude 1 with Fengquan attached; abolished in year 3 with Mei under Ji Prefecture, assigned here in year 7. Fengquan was abolished in Zhenguan 8. Temporarily assigned to Jingzhao in Dali 5. It had Mount Taibai and Fengquan Hot Spring. Zhouzhi. A metropolitan dependency county under Yong Prefecture. Zhongnan was split off in Wude 2 and abolished in Zhenguan 8; renamed Yishou in Tianbao 1, restored in Zhide 2, under Qian Prefecture in Qianning, and reassigned here in Tianfu 1. It had Luogu Pass, established in Wude 7. It had the Directorate Bamboo Garden. The Sui Yishou Palace stood thirty-two li southeast. It had Louguan and a temple to Laozi. Bin Prefecture. Bin Prefecture, or Xinping Commandery, was a strategic prefecture. Established in Yining 2 from Xinping and Sanshui of Beidi Commandery. Bin, formerly written with the Zhou bin character, was changed in Kaiyuan 13 to avoid confusion with the character for dark. Tribute included scissors, fire-tongs, lablab beans, bath beans, white honey, and ground beetle. 22,977 households and 125,250 persons. It had four counties. It had ten garrisons—Jiayang, Yilu, Gongliu, Liangshe, Huling, Bangchuan, Wandi, Jinchi, Shuncheng, and Yishan.
10
新平,望。 有永定壘二,太宗討薛舉置。 三水,緊。 有石門山。 北二十里有萬壽湫,大曆八年因風雷而成。 永壽,上。 武德二年析新平置,神龍元年隸雍州,唐隆元年來屬。 宜祿。 中。 貞觀二年析新平及涇州之保定、靈臺置。 有淺水原,有長武城。
Xinping, a distinguished county. It had two Yongding stockades, built by Taizong in his campaign against Xue Ju. Sanshui, a strategic county. It had Mount Shimen. Wanshou Pond twenty li north was formed in Dali 8 by wind and thunder. Yongshou, an upper-grade county. Split from Xinping in Wude 2, assigned to Yong Prefecture in Shenlong 1, and returned here in Tanglong 1. Yilu. A middle-grade county. Split off in Zhenguan 2 from Xinping and from Jing Prefecture's Baoding and Lingtai. It had Qianshui Plateau and Changwu Fort.
11
右京畿採訪使,治京城內。 隴州隴州,汧陽郡,上。 本隴東郡,義寧二年,析扶風郡之汧源、汧陽、南由,安定郡之華亭置。 天寶元年更郡曰汧陽。 土貢:榛實、龍鬚席。 戶二萬四千六百五十二,口十萬一百四十八。 縣三。 有府四,曰大堆、龍盤、開川、臨汧。
The Right Metropolitan Capital investigation commissioner administered the inner capital. Long Prefecture. Long Prefecture, or Qianyang Commandery, was an upper-grade prefecture. Originally Longdong Commandery, established in Yining 2 from Qianyuan, Qianyang, and Nanyou of Fufeng and Huating of Ding. The commandery was renamed Qianyang in Tianbao 1. Tribute included hazel nuts and dragon-whisker mats. 24,652 households and 101,148 persons. It had three counties. It had four garrisons—Dadui, Longpan, Kaichuan, and Linqian.
12
汧源,上。 垂拱二年更華亭曰亭川,神龍元年復故名,元和三年省入汧源。 西有安戎關,在隴山。 本大震關,大中六年,防禦使薛逵徙築,更名。 有鐵。 有五節堰,引隴川水通漕,武德八年,水部郎中姜行本開,後廢。 華亭有義寧軍,大曆八年置。 貞元十三年築永信城于平戎川。 汧陽,上。 有臨汧城,大和元年築。 吳山。 中。 本長蛇,義寧二年置,貞觀元年更名,上元二年曰華山,尋復曰吳山。 武德元年以南由縣置含州,四年州廢,元和三年省入焉。 有西鎮吳山祠,有紫塠山。 西有安夷關。 涇州涇州,保定郡,上。 本安定郡,至德元載更名。 土貢:龍鬚席。 戶三萬一千三百六十五,口十八萬六千八百四十九。 縣五。 有府六,曰涇陽、四門、興教、純德、肅清、仁賢。
Qianyuan, an upper-grade county. Huating became Tingchuan in Chuigong 2, was restored in Shenlong 1, and merged into Qianyuan in Yuanhe 3. Anrong Pass on Long Mountain lay to the west. Originally Dazhen Pass, relocated and renamed by Defense Commissioner Xue Kui in Dazhong 6. It had iron. The Wujie Weir diverted Long River water for transport, opened by Director of Waterways Jiang Xingben in Wude 8 and later abandoned. The Yining Army was established at Huating in Dali 8. Yongxin Fort was built on Pingrong River in Zhenyuan 13. Qianyang, an upper-grade county. It had Linqian Fort, built in Taihe 1. Wushan. A middle-grade county. Formerly Changshe, established in Yining 2, renamed in Zhenguan 1, briefly called Huashan in Shangyuan 2, then Wushan again. Han Prefecture was created from Nanyou in Wude 1, abolished in year 4, and Nanyou merged here in Yuanhe 3. It had the Western Garrison Wushan Shrine and Zidui Mountain. Anyi Pass lay to the west. Jing Prefecture. Jing Prefecture, or Baoding Commandery, was an upper-grade prefecture. Formerly Anding Commandery, renamed in Zhide 1. Tribute included dragon-whisker mats. 31,365 households and 186,849 persons. It had five counties. It had six garrisons—Jingyang, Simen, Xingjiao, Chunde, Suqing, and Renxian.
13
保定,上。 本安定,至德元載更名,廣德元年沒吐蕃,大曆三年復置。 有折墌故城。 靈臺,上。 本鶉觚,天寶元年更名。 臨涇,中。 良原,上。 興元二年沒吐蕃,貞元四年復置。 潘原。 中。 本陰盤,天寶元年更名,後省為彰信堡,貞元十一年復置。 原州原州平涼郡,中都督府,望。 廣德元年沒吐蕃,節度使馬璘表置行原州於靈臺之百里城。 貞元十九年徙治平涼。 元和三年又徙治臨涇。 大中三年收復關、隴,歸治平高。 廣明後復沒吐蕃,又僑治臨涇。 土貢:氈、覆鞍氈、龍鬚席。 戶七千三百四十九,口三萬三千一百四十六。 縣二。 有府二,曰彭陽、安善。
Baoding, an upper-grade county. Formerly Anding, renamed in Zhide 1, lost to Tibet in Guangde 1, and restored in Dali 3. It had the old city of Zhebi. Lingtai, an upper-grade county. Formerly Zhen'egu, renamed in Tianbao 1. Linjing, a middle-grade county. Liangyuan, an upper-grade county. Lost to Tibet in Xingyuan 2 and restored in Zhenyuan 4. Panyuan. A middle-grade county. Formerly Yinpan, renamed in Tianbao 1, later reduced to Zhangxin Fort, and restored in Zhenyuan 11. Yuan Prefecture. Yuan Prefecture, or Pingliang Commandery, was a distinguished middle area-command prefecture. Lost to Tibet in Guangde 1; Frontier Commissioner Ma Lin established a provisional Yuan Prefecture at Lingtai's Baili Fort. The seat moved to Pingliang in Zhenyuan 19. It was moved again to Linjing in Yuanhe 3. Guan and Long were recovered in Dazhong 3 and the seat returned to Pinggao. After Guangming it fell to Tibet again and the seat was provisionally at Linjing. Tribute included felt, saddle-cover felt, and dragon-whisker mats. 7,349 households and 33,146 persons. It had two counties. It had two garrisons, Pengyang and Anshan.
14
平高,望。 有崆峒山。 西南有木峽關。 州境又有石門、驛藏、制勝、石峽、木崝等關,幷木峽、六盤為七關。 又南有瓦亭故關。 百泉。 上。 渭州渭州,元和四年以原州之平涼縣置行渭州,廣明元年為吐蕃所破,中和四年,涇原節度使張鈞表置。 凡乾元後所置州,皆無郡名; 及其季世,所置州縣,又不列上、中、下之第。 縣一。
Pinggao, a distinguished county. It had Mount Kongtong. Muxia Pass lay to the southwest. The prefecture also had Shimen, Yicang, Zhisheng, Shixia, Muxiao, and other passes—seven in all with Muxia and Liupan. The old Wating Pass lay farther south. Baiquan. An upper-grade county. Wei Prefecture: provisional Wei Prefecture was set up in Yuanhe 4 from Yuan's Pingliang County, destroyed by Tibet in Guangming 1, and re-established on Zhang Jun's memorial in Zhonghe 4. Prefectures founded after Qianyuan bore no commandery names; and in the dynasty's last years newly established prefectures and counties were not ranked upper, middle, or lower. It had one county.
15
平涼。 上。 廣德元年沒吐蕃,貞元四年復置。 及為行渭州,其民皆州自領之。 西南隴山有六盤關。 有銀,有銅,有鐵。 西北五里有吐蕃會盟壇,貞元三年築。 武州武州,中。 大中五年以原州之蕭關置。 中和四年僑治潘原。 縣一。
Pingliang. An upper-grade county. Lost to Tibet in Guangde 1 and restored in Zhenyuan 4. As provisional Wei Prefecture, its people were governed directly by the prefectural seat. Liupan Pass stood on Long Mountain to the southwest. It had silver, copper, and iron. A Tibetan alliance altar five li northwest was built in Zhenyuan 3. Wu Prefecture. Wu Prefecture was a middle-grade prefecture. Established in Dazhong 5 from Yuan Prefecture's Xiaoguan. Provisionally administered at Panyuan in Zhonghe 4. It had one county.
16
蕭關。 中。 貞觀六年以突厥降戶置緣州,治平高之他樓城。 高宗置他樓縣,隸原州,神龍元年省,更置蕭關縣。 白草軍在蔚茹水之西,至德後沒吐蕃。 寧州寧州,彭原郡,望。 本北地郡,天寶元年更名。 土貢:五色覆鞍氈、龍鬚席、芫青、亭長、菴䕡、假蘇。 戶三萬七千一百二十一,口二十二萬四千八百三十七。 縣五。 有府十一,曰彭池、高望、靜難、驎寶、天固、蒲川、東原、三會、大延、和泉、永寧。
Xiaoguan. A middle-grade county. Yuan Prefecture was established in Zhenguan 6 for surrendered Turks, seated at Pinggao's Talou Fort. Gaozong created Talou County under Yuan Prefecture; abolished in Shenlong 1 and replaced by Xiaoguan County. The Baicao Army lay west of the Weiru River and was lost to Tibet after Zhide. Ning Prefecture. Ning Prefecture, or Pengyuan Commandery, was a distinguished prefecture. Formerly Beidi Commandery, renamed in Tianbao 1. Tribute included five-colored saddle-cover felt, dragon-whisker mats, yuanqing, tingchang, yansui, and jiasu. 37,121 households and 224,837 persons. It had five counties. It had eleven garrisons—Pengchi, Gaowang, Jingnan, Linbao, Tiangu, Puichuan, Dongyuan, Sanhui, Dayan, Hequan, and Yongning.
17
定安,望。 義寧二年析置歸義縣,十七年省入定平。 有定安故關。 真寧,緊。 本羅川。 有要冊湫。 天寶元年獲玉真人像二十七,因更名。 襄樂,緊。 彭原,緊。 武德元年以縣置彭州,二年析置豐義縣。 貞觀元年州廢,以彭原、豐義來屬。 開元八年以豐義隸涇州,尋復還屬,唐末省。 定平。 上。 武德二年析定安置,後隸邠州。 元和三年復來屬,四年隸左神策軍。 有高摭城。 唐末以縣置衍州。 慶州慶州,順化郡,中都督府。 本弘化郡,天寶元年曰安化,至德元載更名。 土貢:胡女布、牛酥、麝、蠟。 戶二萬三千九百四十九,口十二萬四千二百三十六。 縣十。 有府八,曰龍息、交水、同川、永清、蟠交、永業、樂蟠、永安。
Ding'an, a distinguished county. Guiyi County was split off in Yining 2 and merged into Dingping in year 17. It had the old Ding'an Pass. Zhenning, a strategic county. Formerly Luochuan. It had Yaoche Pond. Renamed in Tianbao 1 after twenty-seven jade images of the Perfected Man were found. Xiangle, a strategic county. Pengyuan, a strategic county. Made Peng Prefecture in Wude 1; Fengyi County was split off in year 2. The prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 1 and Pengyuan and Fengyi assigned here. Fengyi went to Jing Prefecture in Kaiyuan 8, soon returned, and was abolished late in the dynasty. Dingping. An upper-grade county. Split from Ding'an in Wude 2 and later placed under Bin Prefecture. Returned here in Yuanhe 3 and assigned to the Left Divine Strategy Army in year 4. It had Gaozhi Fort. Late in the dynasty the county became Yan Prefecture. Qing Prefecture. Qing Prefecture, or Shunhua Commandery, was a middle area-command prefecture. Formerly Honghua Commandery, called Anhua in Tianbao 1 and renamed in Zhide 1. Tribute included Hu-woman cloth, butter, musk, and wax. 23,949 households and 124,236 persons. It had ten counties. It had eight garrisons—Longxi, Jiaoshui, Tongchuan, Yongqing, Panjiao, Yongye, Lepan, and Yong'an.
18
順化,中。 本弘化,天寶元年曰安化,至德元載更名。 合水,中。 本合川,武德元年置,是年,又析置蟠交縣。 貞觀元年省合川入弘化。 天寶元年更蟠交曰合水。 樂蟠,中。 義寧元年析合水置。 馬嶺,中。 華池,下。 武德四年置,以縣置林州,貞觀元年州廢。 同川,中下。 本三泉,義寧二年析彭原郡之彭原置,武德三年更名。 洛源,中。 貞觀三年置,四年隸北永州,五年徙州來治,八年州廢,來屬。 延慶,中。 本白馬,武德六年徙故豐州民析合水置,天寶元年更名。 方渠,中下。 神龍三年析馬嶺置。 懷安。 下。 開元十一年括逃戶連党項蕃落置。 鄜州鄜州,洛交郡,上。 本上郡,天寶元年更名。 土貢:龍鬚席。 戶二萬三千四百八十四,口十五萬三千七百一十四。 縣五。 有府十一,曰洛昌、龍交、葦川、五交、大同、安光、洛安、銀方、杏林、脩武、安吉。 有肅戎軍,大曆六年置,在鄜城。
Shunhua, a middle-grade county. Formerly Honghua, called Anhua in Tianbao 1 and renamed in Zhide 1. Heshui, a middle-grade county. Formerly Hechuan, established in Wude 1, with Panjiao County split off the same year. Hechuan merged into Honghua in Zhenguan 1. Panjiao was renamed Heshui in Tianbao 1. Lepan, a middle-grade county. Split from Heshui in Yining 1. Maling, a middle-grade county. Huachi, a lower-grade county. Established in Wude 4 as the seat of Lin Prefecture, which was abolished in Zhenguan 1. Tongchuan, a lower-middle-grade county. Formerly Sanquan, split from Pengyuan Commandery's Pengyuan in Yining 2 and renamed in Wude 3. Luoyuan, a middle-grade county. Established in Zhenguan 3, under Northern Yong Prefecture in year 4, became the prefectural seat in year 5, and returned here when the prefecture was abolished in year 8. Yanqing, a middle-grade county. Formerly Baima, established in Wude 6 by resettling the old Feng Prefecture populace from Heshui and renamed in Tianbao 1. Fangqu, a lower-middle-grade county. Split from Maling in Shenlong 3. Huai'an. A lower-grade county. Established in Kaiyuan 11 by registering fugitive households and affiliated Dangxiang tribes. Fu Prefecture. Fu Prefecture, or Luojiao Commandery, was an upper-grade prefecture. Formerly Shang Commandery, renamed in Tianbao 1. Tribute included dragon-whisker mats. 23,484 households and 153,714 persons. It had five counties. It had eleven garrisons—Luochang, Longjiao, Weichuan, Wujiao, Datong, Anguang, Luo'an, Yinfang, Xinglin, Xiuwu, and Anji. The Surong Army was established at Fucheng in Dali 6.
19
洛交,緊。 洛川,上。 三川,中。 華池水、黑水、洛水所會。 直羅,中。 武德三年析三川、洛交因古直羅城置,羅水過城下,地平直,故名。 甘泉。 中。 本伏陸,武德元年析洛交置,天寶元年更名。 坊州坊州,中部郡,上。 武德二年析鄜州之中部、鄜城置。 土貢:龍鬚席、枲、弦麻。 戶二萬二千四百五十八,口十二萬二百八。 縣四。 有府五,曰杏城、仁里、思臣、永平、安臺。
Luojiao, a strategic county. Luochuan, an upper-grade county. Sanchuan, a middle-grade county. At the confluence of Huachi, Heishui, and Luo rivers. Zhiluo, a middle-grade county. Split from Sanchuan and Luojiao in Wude 3 at the old Zhiluo city; the Luo River ran beneath its level, straight ground, giving the name. Ganquan. A middle-grade county. Formerly Fulu, split from Luojiao in Wude 1 and renamed in Tianbao 1. Fang Prefecture. Fang Prefecture, or Zhongbu Commandery, was an upper-grade prefecture. Established in Wude 2 from Fu Prefecture's Zhongbu and Fucheng. Tribute included dragon-whisker mats, ramie, and bowstring hemp. 22,458 households and 120,208 persons. It had four counties. It had five garrisons—Xingcheng, Renli, Sichen, Yongping, and Antai.
20
中部,上。 本內部,武德二年更名。 周天和中,元皇帝為敷州刺史,置馬坊,高祖因以名州。 有鐵。 州郭無水,東北七里有上善泉,開成二年,刺史張怡架水入城,以紓遠汲。 四年,刺史崔駢復增修之,民獲其利。 後思之,為立祠。 宜君,上。 本隸宜州。 有仁智宮,武德七年置。 貞觀十七年州廢,縣亦省。 二十年置玉華宮,復置縣,隸雍州。 宮在北四里鳳凰谷。 永徽二年廢宮為玉華寺,縣又省。 龍朔三年析中部、同官復置,來屬。 有鐵。 昇平,上。 天寶十二載析宜君置,寶應元年省,後復置。 鄜城。 上。 唐末以縣置翟州。 丹州丹州,咸寧郡,上。 本丹陽郡,義寧元年析延安郡之義川、汾川、咸寧縣置,天寶元年更名。 土貢:龍鬚席、麝、蠟燭。 戶萬五千一百五,口八萬七千六百二十五。 縣四。 有府五,曰宜城、通天、同化、丹陽、長松。
Zhongbu, an upper-grade county. Formerly Neibu, renamed in Wude 2. The prefecture took its name from Gaozu because the Primordial Emperor, as Fu Prefect in the Zhou Tianhe era, had established a horse stud there. It had iron. The seat lacked water until Prefect Zhang Yi in Kaicheng 2 brought Shangshan Spring seven li northeast into the city to ease long hauls. Prefect Cui Bian enlarged the works in year 4 to the people's benefit. The people later honored him with a shrine. Yijun, an upper-grade county. Originally under Yi Prefecture. It had Renzhi Palace, built in Wude 7. Yi Prefecture and the county were abolished in Zhenguan 17. Yuhua Palace was built in year 20 and the county restored under Yong Prefecture. The palace stood four li north in Fenghuang Valley. The palace became Yuhua Temple in Yonghui 2 and the county was abolished again. Split from Zhongbu and Tongguan in Longshuo 3 and assigned here. It had iron. Shengping, an upper-grade county. Split from Yijun in Tianbao 12, abolished in Baoying 1, and later restored. Fucheng. An upper-grade county. Late in the dynasty the county became Di Prefecture. Dan Prefecture. Dan Prefecture, or Xianning Commandery, was an upper-grade prefecture. Originally Danyang Commandery, created in Yining 1 from Yan'an's Yichuan, Fenchuan, and Xianning and renamed in Tianbao 1. Tribute included dragon-whisker mats, musk, and candles. 15,105 households and 87,625 persons. It had four counties. It had five garrisons—Yicheng, Tongtian, Tonghua, Danyang, and Changsong.
21
義川,上。 雲巖,中。 武德元年析義川置。 汾川,上。 有烏仁關。 咸寧。 中。 延州延州,延安郡,中都督府。 土貢:樺皮、麝、蠟。 戶萬八千九百五十四,口十萬四十。 縣十。 有府七,敦化、延川、寧戎、因城、塞門、延安、金明。 又儀鳳中,吐谷渾部落自涼州內附,置二府于金明西境,曰羌部落,曰閤門。
Yichuan, an upper-grade county. Yunyan, a middle-grade county. Split from Yichuan in Wude 1. Fenchuan, an upper-grade county. It had Wuren Pass. Xianning. A middle-grade county. Yan Prefecture. Yan Prefecture, or Yan'an Commandery, was a middle area-command prefecture. Tribute included birch bark, musk, and wax. 18,954 households and 100,040 persons. It had ten counties. It had seven garrisons—Dunhua, Yanchuan, Ningrong, Yincheng, Saimen, Yan'an, and Jinming. In the Yifeng era Tuyuhun tribes from Liang Prefecture submitted, and two area-commands were set on Jinming's western border—the Qiang Tribal Settlement and Hemen.
22
膚施,上。 有牢山鎮城。 延長,中。 本延安,武德二年置,以縣置北連州,幷置義鄉、齊明二縣以隸之。 貞觀二年州廢,省義鄉、齊明入延安,來屬。 廣德二年更名。 臨真,中。 武德元年隸東夏州,貞觀二年州廢來屬。 金明,中。 武德二年析膚施置,以縣置北武州,幷置開遠、全義、崇德、永安、定義五縣。 貞觀二年州廢,省開遠、全義、崇德、永安、定義入金明,來屬。 豐林,中。 武德四年僑置雲州及雲中、榆林、龍泉三縣,八年州廢,省龍泉入臨真,省雲中、榆林入豐林。 東北有合嶺關。 延川,中。 武德二年招慰稽胡置基州; 又安撫使段德操表置義門縣,以義門置南平州。 三年析綏州之城平置魏平縣。 四年廢南平州,省義門、魏平。 五年更基州曰北基州。 貞觀八年州廢,來屬。 敷政,中下。 本因城,武德二年徙治金城鎮,更名金城; 又東境置永州,幷置洛盤、新昌、土塠三縣。 貞觀四年徙州治洛源。 及州廢,省洛盤、新昌、土塠入金城。 天寶元年曰敷政。 延昌,武德二年置北仁州,貞觀三年州廢,十年以其地置罷交縣,天寶元年更名。 其北蘆子關。 延水,中下。 本安民,武德二年析延川置,以縣置西和州,幷置修文、桑原二縣。 貞觀二年州廢,省修文、桑原入安民,隸北基州。 州廢,來屬。 二十三年曰弘風,神龍元年更名。 門山。 上。 武德三年析汾川置,隸丹州,廣德二年來屬。 靈州靈州,靈武郡,大都督府。 土貢:紅藍,甘草,花蓯蓉,代赭,白膠,青蟲,鵰,鶻,白羽,麝,野馬、鹿革,野猪黃,吉莫鞾,鞹,氈,庫利,赤檉,馬策,印鹽,黃牛臆。 戶萬一千四百五十六,口五萬三千一百六十三。 縣四。 有府五,曰武略、河間、靜城、鳴沙、萬春。 有朔方經略軍。 黃河外有豐安、定遠、新昌等軍,豐寧、保寧等城。
Fushi, an upper-grade county. It had Laoshan Fortified Town. Yanchang, a middle-grade county. Formerly Yan'an, established in Wude 2 as the seat of Northern Lian Prefecture with Yixiang and Qiming counties attached. The prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 2; Yixiang and Qiming merged into Yan'an and were assigned here. It was renamed in Guangde 2. Linzhen, a middle-grade county. Under Wude 1 it belonged to Eastern Xia Prefecture; when that prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 2, the county was assigned here. Jinming, a middle-grade county. Split off from Fushi in Wude 2, it became the seat of Northern Wu Prefecture, which also comprised Kaiyuan, Quanyi, Chongde, Yongan, and Dingyi. The prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 2; its outlying counties were folded into Jinming and assigned here. Fenglin, a middle-grade county. Yun Prefecture and three counties were set up here provisionally in Wude 4; in year 8 the prefecture was abolished, Longquan joining Linzhen and Yunzhong and Yulin joining Fenglin. Heling Pass lies to the northeast. Yanchuan, a middle-grade county. In Wude 2 Ji Prefecture was created to settle pacified Ji Hu; Pacification Commissioner Duan Decao also had Yimen County established and made it the seat of Nanping Prefecture. In year 3 Weiping was carved out of Sui Prefecture's Chengpu. Nanping Prefecture was abolished in year 4 and Yimen and Weiping were discontinued. In year 5 Ji Prefecture was renamed Northern Ji. The prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 8 and the county was assigned here. Fuzheng, a lower-middle-grade county. Originally Yincheng; in Wude 2 the seat moved to Jincheng Fort and took the name Jincheng; Yong Prefecture was also set up on the eastern border, with Luopan, Xinchang, and Tudui counties. The prefectural seat was moved to Luoyuan in Zhenguan 4. After the prefecture was abolished, Luopan, Xinchang, and Tudui were folded into Jincheng. It was renamed Fuzheng in Tianbao 1. Yanchang began as Northern Ren Prefecture in Wude 2; the prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 3; in year 10 Baojiao County was established on its ground and renamed Yanchang in Tianbao 1. Luzi Pass stands to the north. Yanshui, a lower-middle-grade county. Formerly Anmin, split from Yanchuan in Wude 2 as the seat of Western He Prefecture with Xiuwen and Sangyuan counties. Western He was abolished in Zhenguan 2; Xiuwen and Sangyuan merged into Anmin under Northern Ji. After the prefecture was abolished, the county was assigned here. It was called Hongfeng in year 23 and received its present name in Shenlong 1. Menshan. An upper-grade county. Carved out of Fenchuan in Wude 3 under Dan Prefecture, it was reassigned here in Guangde 2. Ling Prefecture. Ling Prefecture, or Lingwu Commandery, was a grand area-command prefecture. Its tribute included red indigo, licorice, cistanche, ochre substitutes, white glue, green insects, eagles and goshawks, white feathers, musk, wild horse and deer hides, wild boar yellow, Jimo boots, leather and felt, kuli, red tamarisk, horse whips, stamped salt, and yellow cattle breast. It registered 11,456 households and 53,163 persons. It comprised four counties. Five garrisons—Wulue, Hejian, Jingcheng, Mingsha, and Wanchun—were attached. It maintained the Shuofang frontier commissioner force. Beyond the Yellow River stood the armies of Feng'an, Dingyuan, and Xinchang and the cities of Fengning and Baoning.
23
迴樂,望。 武德四年析置豐安縣。 貞觀四年於迴樂境置迴州,以豐安隸迴州。 十三年州廢,省豐安。 有溫泉鹽池。 有特進渠,溉田六百頃,長慶四年詔開。 靈武,上。 懷遠,緊。 武德六年廢豐州,省九原、永豐二縣入焉,隋九原郡也。 有鹽池三:曰紅桃、武平、河池。 保靜。 上。 本弘靜,神龍元年曰安靜,至德元載更名。 威州威州郡闕。 ,中。 本安樂州。 初,吐谷渾部落自涼州徙于鄯州,不安其居,又徙于靈州之境,咸亨三年以靈州之故鳴沙縣地置州以居之。 至德後沒吐蕃。 大中三年收復,更名。 光啟三年徙治涼州鎮為行州。 縣二。
Huile, a distinguished county. Feng'an was split off in Wude 4. Hui Prefecture was set up within Huile in Zhenguan 4, with Feng'an under its jurisdiction. The prefecture was abolished in year 13 and Feng'an discontinued. It had hot-spring salt ponds. The Tejin Canal irrigated six hundred qing; the court ordered it opened in Changqing 4. Lingwu, an upper-grade county. Huaiyuan, a strategic county. When Feng Prefecture was abolished in Wude 6, Jiuyuan and Yongfeng were merged here—the old Sui Jiuyuan Commandery. It had three salt ponds: Hongtao, Wuping, and Hechi. Baojing. An upper-grade county. Originally Hongjing; called Anjing in Shenlong 1 and renamed in Zhide 1. Wei Prefecture. Wei Prefecture had no commandery title recorded. A middle-grade prefecture. It had formerly been Anle Prefecture. Tuyuhun tribes first moved from Liang to Shan, found the site unsatisfactory, and relocated into Ling Prefecture; in Xianheng 3 a prefecture was founded on former Mingsha county land to house them. After Zhide it fell to Tibet. Recovered and renamed in Dazhong 3. In Guangqi 3 administration shifted to Liangzhou Fort as a roaming prefecture. It comprised two counties.
24
鳴沙,上。 武德二年置會州,貞觀六年州廢,更置環州,以大河環曲為名。 九年州廢,還隸靈州。 神龍中為默啜所寇,移治故豐安城。 咸亨三年復得故縣。 溫池。 上。 本隸靈州,神龍元年置,大中四年來屬。 有鹽池。 雄州雄州,在靈州西南百八十里。 中和元年徙治承天堡為行州。 警州警州,本定遠城,在靈州東北二百里,先天二年,朔方大總管郭元振置。 其後為上縣,隸靈州。 景福元年,靈威節度使韓遵表為州。 羊馬城幅員十四里,信安王禕所築。 會州會州,會寧郡,上。 本西會州,武德二年以平涼郡之會寧鎮置。 貞觀八年以足食故更名粟州,是年又更名。 土貢:駝毛褐、野馬革、覆鞍氈、鹿舌、鹿尾。 戶四千五百九十四,口二萬六千六百六十。 縣二。 有新泉軍,開元五年廢為守捉。 會寧,上。 本涼川,武德二年更名。 開元四年別置涼川縣,九年省。 有黃河堰,開元七年,刺史安敬忠築,以捍河流。 有河池,因雨生鹽。 東南有會寧關。 烏蘭。 上。 武德九年置。 西南有烏蘭關。 鹽州鹽州,五原郡,下都督府。 本鹽川郡。 唐初沒梁師都。 武德元年僑治靈州。 貞觀元年州省,以縣隸靈州,二年,師都平,復置州。 天寶元年更郡曰五原。 貞元三年沒吐蕃,九年復城之。 土貢:鹽山、木瓜、𤕠牛。 戶二千九百二十九,口萬六千六百六十五。 縣二。 有府一,曰鹽川。 有保塞軍,貞元十九年置。
Mingsha, an upper-grade county. Hui Prefecture was founded in Wude 2; abolished in Zhenguan 6, it was replaced by Huan Prefecture, named for the river's loop. The prefecture was abolished in year 9 and the county reverted to Ling Prefecture. During Shenlong Mohechuo raided the county and the seat moved to old Feng'an. The original county seat was restored in Xianheng 3. Wenchi. An upper-grade county. Once subordinate to Ling Prefecture, it was established in Shenlong 1 and reassigned here in Dazhong 4. It has a salt pond. Xiong Prefecture stood one hundred eighty li southwest of Ling Prefecture. In Zhonghe 1 administration shifted to Chengtian Fort as a roaming prefecture. Jing Prefecture began as Dingyuan City, two hundred li northeast of Ling; Guo Yuanzhen, grand commissioner of Shuofang, founded it in Xiantian 2. It later became an upper county subordinate to Ling Prefecture. In Jingfu 1 Lingwei commissioner Han Zun had it elevated to a prefecture. Yangma City, fourteen li around, was built by Prince Xin'an Wei. Hui Prefecture. Hui Prefecture, or Huining Commandery, was an upper-grade prefecture. Originally Western Hui Prefecture, it was founded in Wude 2 at Pingliang Commandery's Huining Fort. Renamed Su Prefecture in Zhenguan 8 for its grain surplus, then renamed again the same year. Its tribute included camel-hair cloth, wild horse hides, saddle-cover felt, deer tongue, and deer tail. It registered 4,594 households and 26,660 persons. It comprised two counties. Xinquan Army stood here until Kaiyuan 5, when it was reduced to a garrison post. Huining, an upper-grade county. Formerly Liangchuan, it was renamed in Wude 2. A separate Liangchuan county existed from Kaiyuan 4 until it was abolished in year 9. Prefect An Jingzhong built a Yellow River dyke in Kaiyuan 7 to hold back the current. Hechi pond yielded salt when rain fell. Huining Pass lies to the southeast. Wulan. An upper-grade county. It was established in Wude 9. Wulan Pass lies to the southwest. Yan Prefecture. Yan Prefecture, or Wuyuan Commandery, was a lower area-command prefecture. It had formerly been Yanchuan Commandery. Early in the dynasty it fell to Liang Shidu. In Wude 1 its administration was provisionally placed at Ling Prefecture. The prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 1 and its county attached to Ling; restored in year 2 after Shidu's defeat. The commandery was renamed Wuyuan in Tianbao 1. Lost to Tibet in Zhenyuan 3, its walls were rebuilt in year 9. Its tribute included salt mountains, papaya, and yak. It registered 2,929 households and 16,665 persons. It comprised two counties. One garrison, Yanchuan, was attached. The Baosai Army was established here in Zhenyuan 19.
25
五原,上。 有烏池、白池、細項池、瓦窰池鹽。 白池。 上。 本興寧,貞觀元年與州同省,二年復置。 景龍三年更名。 夏州夏州,朔方郡,中都督府。 土貢:氈、角弓、酥、拒霜薺。 戶九千二百一十三,口五萬三千一十四。 縣三。 有府二,曰寧朔、順化。
Wuyuan, an upper-grade county. Salt came from Wuchi, Baichi, Xixiang, and Wayao ponds. Baichi. An upper-grade county. Originally Xingning, it was abolished with the prefecture in Zhenguan 1 and restored in year 2. It received its present name in Jinglong 3. Xia Prefecture. Xia Prefecture, or Shuofang Commandery, was a middle area-command prefecture. Its tribute included felt, horn bows, butter, and hibiscus esculentus. It registered 9,213 households and 53,014 persons. It comprised three counties. Two garrisons, Ningshuo and Shunhua, were attached.
26
朔方,上。 本嵓錄,貞觀三年更名。 貞元七年開延化渠,引烏水入庫狄澤,溉田二百頃。 有鹽池二。 有天柱軍,天寶十四載置,寶應元年廢。 長慶四年,節度使李祐築烏延、宥州、臨塞、陰河、陶子等城于蘆子關北,以護塞外。 有木瓜嶺。 德靜,中下。 貞觀七年隸北開州,八年曰化州,十三年州廢。 寧朔。 中下。 武德六年置南夏州。 貞觀二年州廢,縣省入朔方,五年復置,來屬。 長安二年省。 開元四年又置,九年省,其後又置。 綏州綏州,上郡,下。 本雕陰郡地。 唐初沒梁師都。 武德三年以歸民於延州豐林縣僑置,六年徙治延川境,七年徙治魏平。 貞觀二年,師都平,歸治上縣。 天寶元年更郡名。 土貢:胡女布、蠟燭。 戶萬八百六十七,口八萬九千一百一十二。 縣五。 有府四,曰伏洛、義合、萬古、大斌。
Shuofang, an upper-grade county. Formerly Yanlu, it was renamed in Zhenguan 3. The Yanhua Canal opened in Zhenyuan 7, channeling Wushui into Kudi Marsh to irrigate two hundred qing. It had two salt ponds. The Tianzhu Army was founded in Tianbao 14 and abolished in Baoying 1. In Changqing 4 Commissioner Li You built Wuyan, Youzhou, Linse, Yinhe, and Taozi north of Luzi Pass to shield the outer marches. Mugua Ridge lies within the county. Dejing, a lower-middle-grade county. Under Northern Kai in Zhenguan 7, renamed Hua Prefecture in year 8, and abolished in year 13. Ningshuo. A lower-middle-grade county. Southern Xia Prefecture was created in Wude 6. The prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 2 and the county merged into Shuofang; restored in year 5 and assigned here. It was abolished in Chang'an 2. Re-established in Kaiyuan 4, abolished in year 9, and set up again afterward. Sui Prefecture. Sui Prefecture, or Shang Commandery, was a lower-grade prefecture. It occupied the former Diaoyin Commandery. Early in the dynasty it fell to Liang Shidu. In Wude 3 it was provisionally seated at Yan Prefecture's Fenglin for returning subjects; the seat moved to Yanchuan in year 6 and to Weiping in year 7. After Shidu's defeat in Zhenguan 2, the seat returned to Shang County. The commandery was renamed in Tianbao 1. Its tribute included barbarian-woman cloth and candles. It registered 10,867 households and 89,112 persons. It comprised five counties. Four garrisons—Fulu, Yihe, Wangu, and Dabin—were attached.
27
龍泉,中。 本上縣,天寶元年更名。 延福,中下。 武德六年析置北吉州,幷置歸義、洛陽二縣; 又析置羅州,幷置石羅、關善、萬福三縣; 又析置匡州,幷置安定、源泉二縣。 貞觀二年州、縣皆廢。 綏德,中下。 武德二年置。 六年析置雲州,幷置信義、淳義二縣; 又析置龍州,幷置風鄉、義良二縣。 貞觀二年州、縣皆廢。 城平,中下。 武德三年置魏州,幷置安故、安泉二縣。 貞觀二年州廢,省安故、安泉。 西南有魏平關。 大斌。 中下。 武德七年徙治魏平城,取「稽胡懷化,文武雜半」以名。 銀州銀州,銀川郡,下。 貞觀二年析綏州之儒林、真鄉置。 土貢:女稽布。 戶七千六百二,口四萬五千五百二十七。 縣四。
Longquan, a middle-grade county. Formerly Shang County, it was renamed in Tianbao 1. Yanfu, a lower-middle-grade county. Northern Ji Prefecture was split off in Wude 6, with Guiyi and Luoyang counties also created; Luo Prefecture was also carved out, with Shiluo, Guanshan, and Wanfu counties; Kuang Prefecture was likewise split off, with Anding and Yuanquan counties. All those prefectures and counties were abolished in Zhenguan 2. Suide, a lower-middle-grade county. It was established in Wude 2. Yun Prefecture was split off in year 6 with Xinyi and Chunyi counties; Long Prefecture was also carved out with Fengxiang and Yiliang counties. Those prefectures and counties were all abolished in Zhenguan 2. Chengping, a lower-middle-grade county. Wei Prefecture was founded in Wude 3 with Angu and Anquan counties. The prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 2 and Angu and Anquan discontinued. Weiping Pass lies to the southwest. Dabin. A lower-middle-grade county. The seat moved to Weiping in Wude 7, named for the saying "pacified Ji Hu, half civil and half martial." Yin Prefecture. Yin Prefecture, or Yinchuan Commandery, was a lower-grade prefecture. Split from Sui Prefecture's Rulin and Zhenxiang in Zhenguan 2. Its tribute included female-barbarian cloth. It registered 7,602 households and 45,527 persons. It comprised four counties.
28
儒林,中。 東北有無定河。 真鄉,中下。 西北有茹盧水。 開光,中。 本隸綏州,貞觀二年置,八年隸柘州,十三年州廢,來屬。 撫寧。 中下。 本隸綏州,貞觀八年來屬。 宥州宥州,寧朔郡,上。 調露元年,於靈、夏南境以降突厥置魯州、麗州、含州、塞州、依州、契州,以唐人為刺史,謂之六胡州。 長安四年併為匡、長二州。 神龍三年置蘭池都督府,分六州為縣。 開元十年復置魯州、麗州、契州、塞州。 十年平康待賓,遷其人於河南及江、淮。 十八年復置匡、長二州。 二十六年還所遷胡戶置宥州及延恩等縣,其後僑治經略軍。 至德二載更郡曰懷德。 乾元元年復故名。 寶應後廢。 元和九年於經略軍復置,距故州東北三百里。 十五年徙治長澤,為吐蕃所破。 長慶四年,節度使李祐復奏置。 土貢:氈。 戶七千八十三,口三萬二千六百五十二。 縣二。
Rulin, a middle-grade county. The Wuding River flows to the northeast. Zhenxiang, a lower-middle-grade county. The Rulu River lies to the northwest. Kaiguang, a middle-grade county. Once subordinate to Sui, it was established in Zhenguan 2, briefly under Zhe in year 8, then assigned here when Zhe was abolished in year 13. Funing. A lower-middle-grade county. Formerly under Sui Prefecture, it was reassigned here in Zhenguan 8. You Prefecture. You Prefecture, or Ningshuo Commandery, was an upper-grade prefecture. In Tiaolu 1 six prefectures for surrendered Turks—Lu, Li, Han, Sai, Yi, and Qi—were set on Ling and Xia's southern marches with Tang officials as prefects, known as the Six Hu Prefectures. In Chang'an 4 they were consolidated into Kuang and Chang prefectures. The Lanchi area-command was set up in Shenlong 3 and the six prefectures were divided into counties. Lu, Li, Qi, and Sai prefectures were restored in Kaiyuan 10. When Kang Daibin was pacified in year 10, the population was relocated to Henan and the Jiang-Huai region. Kuang and Chang prefectures were restored in year 18. In year 26 resettled Hu households founded You Prefecture and counties including Yan'en; administration later lodged with the frontier commissioner army. The commandery was renamed Huaide in Zhide 2. The former name was restored in Qianyuan 1. It was abolished after Baoying. Restored in Yuanhe 9 at the frontier commissioner army, three hundred li northeast of the old seat. The seat moved to Changze in year 15 and was overrun by Tibet. Commissioner Li You had it re-established in Changqing 4. Its tribute included felt. It registered 7,083 households and 32,652 persons. It comprised two counties.
29
延恩,中。 開元二十六年以故匡州地置; 又以故塞門縣地置懷德縣,以故蘭州之長泉縣地置歸仁縣。 寶應後皆省。 元和九年復置延恩。 有經略軍,在榆多勒城,天寶中王忠嗣奏置。 長澤。 中下。 本隸夏州,貞觀七年置長州,十三年州廢,隸夏州,元和十五年來屬。 有胡洛鹽池。 麟州麟州,新秦郡,下都督府。 開元十二年析勝州之連谷、銀城置,十四年廢,天寶元年復置。 土貢:青他鹿角。 戶二千四百二十八,口萬九百三。 縣三。
Yan'en, a middle-grade county. Established in Kaiyuan 26 on former Kuang Prefecture land; Huaide was also founded on old Saimen land and Guiren on former Changquan county territory of Lan Prefecture. All were abolished after Baoying. Yan'en was restored in Yuanhe 9. The frontier commissioner army at Yuduole City was established on Wang Zhongsi's memorial in the Tianbao era. Changze. A lower-middle-grade county. Once under Xia, it briefly headed Chang Prefecture from Zhenguan 7 until year 13, returned to Xia, and was reassigned here in Yuanhe 15. It has the Huluo Salt Pond. Lin Prefecture. Lin Prefecture, or Xinqin Commandery, was a lower area-command prefecture. Split from Sheng Prefecture's Liangu and Yincheng in Kaiyuan 12, abolished in year 14, and restored in Tianbao 1. Its tribute included green other-antler. It registered 2,428 households and 10,903 persons. It comprised three counties.
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新秦,中。 開元二年置,七年又置鐵麟縣,十四年州廢,皆省。 天寶元年復置新秦。 連谷,中下。 貞觀八年以隋連谷戍置。 銀城。 中下。 貞觀二年置,四年隸銀州,八年隸勝州。 勝州勝州,榆林郡,下都督府。 武德中沒梁師都。 師都平,復置。 土貢:胡布、青他鹿角、芍藥、徐長卿。 戶四千一百八十七,口二萬九百五十二。 縣二。 有義勇軍。
Xinqin, a middle-grade county. Founded in Kaiyuan 2 with Tielin added in year 7; both counties were abolished when the prefecture fell in year 14. Xinqin was restored in Tianbao 1. Liangu, a lower-middle-grade county. It was founded in Zhenguan 8 at the old Sui Liangu garrison. Yincheng. A lower-middle-grade county. Established in Zhenguan 2, under Yin in year 4 and Sheng in year 8. Sheng Prefecture. Sheng Prefecture, or Yulin Commandery, was a lower area-command prefecture. It fell to Liang Shidu during the Wude era. It was restored after Shidu was defeated. Its tribute included barbarian cloth, green other-antler, peony, and xu changqing. It registered 4,187 households and 20,952 persons. It comprised two counties. The Yiyong Army was stationed here.
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榆林,中下。 有隋故榆林宮。 東有榆林關,貞觀十三年置。 河濱。 中下。 貞觀三年置,以縣置雲州,四年曰威州,八年州廢,來屬。 東北有河濱關,貞觀七年置。 豐州豐州,九原郡,下都督府。 貞觀四年以降突厥戶置,不領縣。 十一年州廢,地入靈州。 二十三年復置。 土貢:白麥、印鹽、野馬胯革、駝毛褐、氈。 戶二千八百一十三,口九千六百四十一。 縣二。 九原,中下。 永徽四年置。 有陵陽渠,建中三年浚之以溉田,置屯,尋棄之。 有咸應、永清二渠,貞元中,刺史李景略開,溉田數百頃。 永豐。 中下。 永徽元年置。 麟德元年別置豐安縣,天寶末省。 東受降城,景雲三年,朔方軍總管張仁愿築三受降城。 寶曆元年,振武節度使張惟清以東城濱河,徙置綏遠烽南。 中受降城,有拂雲堆祠。 接靈州境有關,元和九年置。 又有橫塞軍,本可敦城,天寶八載置,十二載廢。 西二百里大同川有天德軍,大同川之西有天安軍,皆天寶十二載置。 天德軍,乾元後徙屯永濟柵,故大同城也。 元和九年,宰相李吉甫奏脩復舊城。 北有安樂戍。 西受降城。 開元初為河所圯,十年,總管張說於城東別置新城。 北三百里有鷿鵜泉。
Yulin, a lower-middle-grade county. The old Sui Yulin Palace stood here. Yulin Pass to the east was established in Zhenguan 13. Hebin. A lower-middle-grade county. Founded in Zhenguan 3 as the seat of Yun Prefecture, briefly Wei in year 4, and assigned here when the prefecture was abolished in year 8. Hebin Pass to the northeast was established in Zhenguan 7. Feng Prefecture. Feng Prefecture, or Jiuyuan Commandery, was a lower area-command prefecture. Founded in Zhenguan 4 for surrendered Turks, it initially governed no counties. The prefecture was abolished in year 11 and its land passed to Ling Prefecture. It was restored in year 23. Its tribute included white wheat, stamped salt, wild horse hip hide, camel-hair cloth, and felt. It registered 2,813 households and 9,641 persons. It comprised two counties. Jiuyuan, a lower-middle-grade county. It was established in Yonghui 4. The Lingyang Canal was dredged in Jianzhong 3 for irrigation and garrison farms, then soon abandoned. Prefect Li Jinglue opened the Xianying and Yongqing canals in the Zhenyuan era, irrigating several hundred qing. Yongfeng. A lower-middle-grade county. It was established in Yonghui 1. Feng'an was separately established in Linde 1 and abolished late in Tianbao. Eastern Surrender City: in Jingyun 3 Shuofang commander Zhang Renyuan built the three surrender cities. In Baoli 1 Commissioner Zhang Weiqing moved the eastern city south of Suiyuan Beacon because it lay against the river. Central Surrender City had the Fuyun Mound shrine. A pass on the Ling Prefecture border was established in Yuanhe 9. The Hengsai Army, originally Kedun City, was founded in Tianbao 8 and abolished in year 12. The Tiande Army stood two hundred li west on the Datong River and the Tian'an Army beyond it; both were founded in Tianbao 12. After Qianyuan the Tiande Army garrisoned Yongji Stockade, the old Datong City. Chancellor Li Jifu had the old city repaired in Yuanhe 9. The Anle garrison lay to the north. Western Surrender City. The river destroyed it early in Kaiyuan; Commander Zhang Yue built a new city east of the old site in year 10. Pelican Spring lay three hundred li to the north.
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單于大都護府,本雲中都護府,龍朔三年置,麟德元年更名。 土貢:胡女布、野馬胯革。 戶二千一百五十五,口六千八百七十七。 縣一。 金河。 中。 天寶四年置。 本後魏道武所都。 有雲伽關,後廢,大和四年復置。
The Chanyu Superior Protectorate, formerly Yunzhong Superior Protectorate, was founded in Longshuo 3 and renamed in Linde 1. Its tribute included barbarian-woman cloth and wild horse hip hide. It registered 2,155 households and 6,877 persons. It comprised one county. Jinhe. A middle-grade county. It was established in Tianbao 4. It had been the capital of Later Wei Emperor Daowu. Yunge Pass was later abolished and restored in Dahe 4.
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安北大都護府,本燕然都護府。 龍朔三年曰瀚海都督府。 總章二年更名。 開元二年治中受降城,十年徙治豐、勝二州之境,十二年徙治天德軍。 土貢:野馬胯革。 戶二千六,口七千四百九十八。 縣二。 陰山,上。 天寶元年置。 通濟。 上。
The Anbei Superior Protectorate was formerly the Yanran Superior Protectorate. It was named the Hanhai area-command in Longshuo 3. It was renamed in Zongzhang 2. Its seat was at Central Surrender City in Kaiyuan 2, moved to Feng and Sheng borders in year 10, and to the Tiande Army in year 12. Its tribute included wild horse hip hide. It registered 2,006 households and 7,498 persons. It comprised two counties. Yinshan, an upper-grade county. It was established in Tianbao 1. Tongji. An upper-grade county.
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鎮北大都護府。 土貢:犛牛尾。 縣二。 大同,上。 長寧。 上。
The Zhenbei Superior Protectorate. Its tribute included yak tail. It comprised two counties. Datong, an upper-grade county. Changning. An upper-grade county.
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右關內採訪使,以京官領。
To the right, the Guannei investigation commissioner, headed by a capital official.
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校勘記0.85em|columns=2
Collation notes for this chapter.