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卷三十九 志第二十九 地理三

Volume 39 Treatises 33: Gepgraphy 3

Chapter 39 of 新唐書 · New Book of Tang
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1
西鹿 𪌭 西 西 西 𨥥 西 西 西 綿 使 西 使
The Hedong Circuit lay within the ancient Jizhou region, covering the Han commanderies of Hedong, Taiyuan, Shangdang, Xihe, Yanmen, and Dai together with the principalities of Julu, Changshan, Zhao, and Guangping. Hezhong, Jiang, Jin, Ci, Xi, Shi, Taiyuan, Fen, Xin, Lu, Ze, Qin, and Liao fell within the Shen asterism division; Dai, Yun, Shuo, Wei, Wu, Xin, Lan, and Xian within the Daliang division. The circuit comprised two superior prefectures, nineteen prefectures, and one hundred ten counties. Its notable mountains were Leishou, Jie, Huo, and Wutai. Its major rivers were the Fen, Qin, Dan, and Lu. Its assessed tribute consisted of cloth and fine ramie textiles. Its presented tribute included cloth, mats, leopard tails, bear hides, and hawk feathers. Hezhong Superior Prefecture (Hedong Commandery designation), chief seat. It was formerly Puzhou, ranked as an upper auxiliary prefecture. In the first year of Yining the administration was at Sangquan; in the third year of Wude it was relocated to Hedong. In the eighth year of Kaiyuan the Central Capital was established and made a superior prefecture; that same year the capital was abolished and it again became a prefecture. In the third year of Qianyuan it was restored as a superior prefecture. Its local tribute products were felt, woven fans, dragon bones, jujubes, and Fengqi pears. It had 70,800 households and a population of 469,213. It administered thirteen counties. Its counties included Hedong, Hexi, Linjin, Xie, and Yishi (secondary metropolitan vicinity), the last having Gushan. Yuxiang, Yongle, Anyi, Baoding, Xiangling, and Jishan were upper-ranked. It had originally been subordinate to Jiang Prefecture and was transferred here in the late Tang. It contains Mount Ji. Wanquan and Longmen. Jin Prefecture (Pingyang Commandery designation), distinguished rank. It was formerly Linfen Commandery and was renamed in the second year of Yining. Its local tribute included candles; it had a Pingyang Bureau alum monopoly. It had 64,836 households and a population of 429,221. It administered eight counties. It had fifteen garrison commands: Shenshan, Pingyang, Fengning, Jicheng, Anxin, Wan'an, Yichang, Yingtai, Yueyang, Renshou, Gaoyang, Linfen, Jin'an, Baizhuang, Gaohua, and Rende. Linfen, Hongtong, Shenshan, and Yueyang were middle-ranked. To its east lay the garrison-city pass. It had iron deposits. Huoyi, Zhaocheng, and Fenxi were middle-ranked. They had iron deposits. Jishi. Middle rank. Jiang Prefecture (Jiang Commandery designation), powerful rank. Its local tribute included white silk gauze, millet, pears, ink, candles, and saposhnikovia root. It had 82,204 households and a population of 517,331. It administered seven counties. It had thirty-three garrison commands: Xintian, Taiping, Zhengping, Wucheng, Changshe, Daxiang, Yuancheng, Shuchuan, Jiangchuan, Gaisong, Fengting, Yanguang, Pingyuan, Gaoliang, Shenquan, Tongxiang, Wanquan, Yicheng, Pishi, Dongze, Lingyuan, Shichi, Yanfu, Yongkang, Jingshan, Zhouyang, Xiatai, Guting, Chongle, Jiangyi, Changping, Wuyang, and Puyi. Zhengping was distinguished rank. To its west lay the former Wuping Pass. Taiping, Quwo, Yicheng, and Jiang were distinguished rank. They had iron deposits. Wenxi and Yuan. Ci Prefecture (Wencheng Commandery designation), lower rank. It was formerly Fen Prefecture; in the fifth year of Wude it was called South Fen Prefecture and was renamed in the eighth year of Zhenguan. Its local tribute included white honey and candles. It had 11,616 households and a population of 62,486. It administered five counties. It had three garrison commands: Wucheng, Jichang, and Pingchang. Jichang was middle rank. It had iron deposits. Wencheng was middle rank. During the Tianyou era it was renamed Quyi. It had Mount Mengmen and Mount Shigu. Changning was middle rank. It had iron deposits. Lüxiang and Wucheng. Middle rank. It had Mount Ji. Xi Prefecture (Daning Commandery designation), lower rank. It was formerly Longquan Commandery and was renamed in the first year of Tianbao. Its local tribute included Hu-woman cloth, honey, and candles. It had 19,455 households and a population of 134,420. It administered six counties. It had six garrison commands: Xichuan, Dayi, Xiaojing, Xiushan, Yucheng, and Quchan. Xichuan was middle rank. Pu, Daning, Yonghe, Shilou, and Wenquan. The Northern Capital was established in the first year of Tianshou, abolished in the first year of Shenlong, restored in the eleventh year of Kaiyuan, renamed Beijing in the first year of Tianbao, abolished in the second year of Shangyuan, and restored as the Northern Capital in the first year of Suzong. Taiyuan Superior Prefecture (Taiyuan Commandery designation) was originally Bing Prefecture and became a superior prefecture in the eleventh year of Kaiyuan. Its local tribute included bronze mirrors, iron mirrors, saddles, pears, grape wine, ground jade powder, dragon bones, cypress fruit kernels, yellow stone ore, licorice, ginseng, alum, and arsenic ore. It had 128,905 households and a population of 778,278. It administered thirteen counties. Taiyuan was chief rank. The city wells yielded bitter, undrinkable water; during the Zhenguan era Chief Administrator Li Ji built an aqueduct from the Fen River to channel Jin River water into the eastern city for the people's drinking supply, known as the Jin Canal. Jinyang, Taigu, and Qi were metropolitan vicinity rank. Wenshui and Yuci were metropolitan vicinity rank. Yu, Shouyang, and Leping were metropolitan vicinity rank. Guangyang, Qingyuan, Jiaocheng, and Yangqu. Fen Prefecture (Xihe Commandery designation), distinguished rank. It was formerly Haozhou and was renamed in the third year of Wude. Its local tribute included saddle-face felt, dragon-whisker mats, gypsum, and saltpeter. It had 59,450 households and a population of 320,230. It administered five counties. It had twelve garrison commands: Jiashan, Liubi, Chongde, Huaxia, Lingfu, Wuliu, Jingling, Jiexiu, Jiahu, Ninggu, Kaiyuan, and Qingsheng. Xihe was distinguished rank. It was formerly Xicheng and was renamed in the first year of Suzong's Shangyuan era. Xiaoyi, Jiexiu, and Pingyao were distinguished rank. Lingshi. Upper rank. It had Jiahu Fort, where Song Jingang resisted the Tang armies and where Emperor Gaozu made his camp. To its southwest were Yindi Pass and Changning Pass. Qin Prefecture (Yangcheng Commandery designation), lower rank. It was formerly Yining Commandery, established in the first year of Yining; the commandery designation was changed in the first year of Tianbao. Its local tribute included dragon-whisker mats and hemp cord. It had 6,308 households and a population of 34,963. It administered three counties. It had two garrison commands: Yanshuang and Anle. Qinyuan, Hechuan, and Mianshang. Middle rank. It had iron deposits. Liao Prefecture, Leping Commandery designation, lower rank. In the third year of Wude it was carved out of Leping, Liaoshan, Pingcheng, and Shi'ai in Bing Prefecture; in the sixth year the seat moved to Liaoshan; in the eighth year it was named Ji Prefecture. In the first year of Xiantian it was renamed Yi Prefecture to avoid the personal name of Emperor Xuanzong. In the third year of Zhonghe it reverted to the name Liao Prefecture. Its local tribute included ginseng and wax. It had 9,882 households and a population of 54,580. It administered four counties. It had three garrison commands: Liaocheng, Qinggu, and Longcheng. Liaoshan was middle rank. Yushe and Pingcheng were middle rank. Heshun. Lan Prefecture, Loufan Commandery designation, lower rank. It was formerly East Huizhou and was renamed in the sixth year of Wude. Its local tribute included bear hides and musk. It had 16,748 households and a population of 84,006. It administered four counties. It had one garrison command: Lanshan. It maintained frontier garrison troops. Yifang, Jingle, Hehe, and Langu. Xian Prefecture, lower rank. It was originally the Loufan Pasturage Office, overseen by the prefect of Lan Prefecture. In the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan a separate Pasturage Commissioner was installed. In the first year of Longji, Li Keyong petitioned to establish the prefecture, administering three counties. Loufan was lower rank. Xuanchi was lower rank. It had iron deposits. Tianchi. Lower rank. It had Yanmen Pass. Shi Prefecture, Changhua Commandery designation, lower rank. It was formerly Lishi Commandery and was renamed in the first year of Tianbao. Its local tribute included Hu-woman cloth, dragon-whisker mats, honey, candles, and wuyi herb. It had 14,294 households and a population of 66,935. It administered five counties. It had two garrison commands: Lishi and Changhua. Lishi was middle rank. Pingyi was middle rank. It had Mount Xiaowen. Dinghu, Linquan, and Fangshan. Xin Prefecture, Dingxiang Commandery designation, lower rank. It was formerly Xinxing Commandery; in the first year of Yining it was established from Xiurong in Loufan Commandery. Its local tribute included musk and leopard tails. It had 14,806 households and a population of 82,032. It administered two counties. It had four garrison commands: Xiurong, Gaocheng, Zhangyuan, and Dingxiang. It maintained frontier garrison troops. Xiurong and Dingxiang. Dai Prefecture, Yanmen Commandery designation, middle-area military governorship. Its local tribute included honey, green glaze pigments, musk, leopard tails, and white hawk feathers. It had 21,280 households and a population of 100,350. It administered five counties. Yanmen was upper rank. It had East Xing Pass and West Xing Pass. Wutai was middle rank. Baigu had silver, copper, and iron. It had Mount Wutai. Fanshi was middle rank. Guo was middle rank. It had Shimen Pass. Tanglin. Yun Prefecture, Yunzhong Commandery designation, lower military governorship. In the fourteenth year of Zhenguan the seat was moved from North Dingxiang City in Shuozhou to Dingxiang County. In the first year of Yongchun it was overrun by Mojie; the population was moved to Shuozhou. It was restored in the eighteenth year of Kaiyuan. Its local tribute included yak tails and hawk feathers. It had 3,169 households and a population of 7,930. It administered one county. It had two frontier garrisons: Yunzhong and Loufan. East of the city lay Niupi Pass. Yunzhong. Shuo Prefecture, Mayi Commandery designation, lower rank. The seat was originally at Shanyang; in the Jianzhong era Military Commissioner Ma Sui moved it to Mayi, then later restored the former seat. Its local tribute included white hawk feathers, leopard tails, and licorice. It had 5,493 households and a population of 24,533. It administered two counties. Shanyang and Mayi. Wei Prefecture, Xingtang Commandery designation, lower rank. It was formerly Anbian Commandery. It lay in the territory of Lingqiu in Sui's Yanmen Commandery and Feihu in Shanggu Commandery. In early Tang the Turks were defeated. In the sixth year of Wude the prefecture was established along with Lingqiu and Feihu counties, with a provisional seat at Yangqu. In the seventh year the provisional seat was at Fanshi. In the eighth year the provisional seat was at the old Northern Hengzhou city in Xiurong. In the fifth year of Zhenguan the Turks were defeated, the former territory recovered, and the seat returned to Lingqiu. In early Kaiyuan the seat was moved to Anbian. In the second year of Zhide the commandery designation was changed and the former seat restored. Its local tribute included bear hides, leopard tails, and pine nuts. It had 5,052 households and a population of 20,958. It administered three counties. Lingqiu was middle rank. It had Zhigu Pass. To its north were Kongling Pass and Da'an Fort. Feihu and Xingtang. Wu Prefecture. The entry is deficient. It administered one county. Wende. Xin Prefecture. The entry is deficient. It administered four counties. Yongxing, Fanshan, Longmen, and Huai'an. Lu Prefecture, Shangdang Commandery designation, great-area military governorship. Its local tribute included coarse cloth, ginseng, rock honey, and ink. It had 68,391 households and a population of 388,661. It administered ten counties. It had one garrison command: Kanli. Shangdang, Huguan, and Changzi were close-administered rank. Tunliu was upper rank. It had the Three Song Mountains. Lucheng, Xiangyuan, Licheng, and She were middle rank. It had iron deposits. Tongdi and Wuxiang. Ze Prefecture, Gaoping Commandery designation, upper rank. It was formerly Changping Commandery, seated at Huoze; in the eighth year of Wude the seat moved to Duanshi; in the first year of Zhenguan to Jincheng; in the first year of Tianbao the commandery designation was changed. Its local tribute included ginseng, quartz, and pheasants. It had 27,822 households and a population of 157,090. It administered six counties. It had five garrison commands: Danchuan, Yonggu, Ping'an, Qinshui, and Baizhuang. Jincheng and Duanshi were middle rank. It had Mount Kui. Lingchuan was middle rank. Yangcheng and Qinshui were middle rank. Gaoping.
2
使 涿西鹿 涿 鹿 綿 使 綿 綿 鹿 鹿 綿 使 鹿 綿 鹿 鹿 西 西 綿 滿 涿 綿 涿 西 西 涿涿 使 綿 祿𩩉 西 西 西 𩨸 西 |743西
At right: the Hedong Surveillance Commissioner, with his seat at Puzhou. The Hebei Circuit lay within ancient You and Ji, covering the Han commanderies and principalities of Henei, Wei, Bohai, Qinghe, Pingyuan, Changshan, Shanggu, Zhuo, Yuyang, Right Beiping, Liaoxi, Zhending, Zhongshan, Xindu, Hejian, and Guangyang, with portions of Dong, Hedong, Shangdang, and Julu as well. Meng, Huai, Chan, Wei, and the southern portions of Wei, Bo, and Xiang fell within the Zuzi asterism division; Xing, Ming, Hui, Bei, Ji, Shen, Zhao, Zhen, Ding, and the northern portions of Wei, Bo, and Xiang within the Daliang division; Cang, Jing, and De within the Xuanxiao division; and Ying, Mo, You, Yi, Zhuo, Ping, Gui, Tan, Ji, Ying, and Andong within the Ximu Ford division. It comprised twenty-nine prefectures, one protectorate, and one hundred seventy-four counties. Its notable mountains were Linlu, Bailu, Fenglong, Jingxing, Jieshi, and Changyue. Its major rivers were the Zhang, Qi, and Hutuo. Its assessed tribute consisted of silk, gauze, and cotton. Its presented tribute included gauze, damask, pongee, yarn, and phoenix-wing reed mats. Meng Prefecture, distinguished rank. In the second year of Jianzhong the tax revenues of Heyang, Heqing, Jiyuan, and Wen from Henan Superior Prefecture were assigned to the Heyang Three Cities Commissioner, augmented by the revenues of Sishui. In the third year of Huichang the five counties were constituted as a prefecture. Its local tribute included yellow croaker. It administered five counties. Heyang, Sishui, Heyin, Wen, and Jiyuan. Huai Prefecture, Henei Commandery designation, powerful rank. In the second year of Wude it fell to Wang Shichong and the seat was provisionally at Baiya City in Jiyuan. In the fourth year, with Shichong subdued, the former seat was restored. Its local tribute included plain gauze, plain pongee, bitter orange peel, tea, and ox-knee herb. It had 55,349 households and a population of 318,126. It administered five counties. It had two garrison commands: Danshui and Wuze. Henei, Wude, Huojia, Wuzhi, and Xiuwu. Wei Prefecture, Wei Commandery designation, great-area military governorship, powerful rank. It was formerly Wuyang Commandery; renamed Ji Prefecture in the second year of Longshuo, restored as Wei Prefecture in the third year of Xianheng, and the commandery designation changed in the first year of Tianbao. Its local tribute included patterned pongee, cotton pongee, plain pongee, silk tabby, silk, and purple madder. It had 151,596 households and a population of 1,109,873. It administered fourteen counties. Guixiang, Yuancheng, Wei, Guantao, and Guanshi were distinguished rank. Shen, Chaocheng, Changle, Linhe, Huanshui, Cheng'an, Neihuang, and Yongji. Bo Prefecture, Boping Commandery designation, upper rank. In the fourth year of Wude it was established from Liaocheng, Wushui, Tangyi, and Gaotang of Wei Prefecture. Its local tribute included damask and plain pongee. It had 52,631 households and a population of 408,252. It administered six counties. Liaocheng, Boping, and Wushui were upper rank. Qingping and Tangyi were upper rank. Gaotang. Xiang Prefecture, Ye Commandery designation, distinguished rank. It was formerly Wei Commandery and was renamed in the first year of Tianbao. Its local tribute included yarn, silk, barrier cloth, phoenix-wing mats, flower-mouth gourds, anemarrhena root, and lead powder. It had 101,142 households and a population of 591,196. It administered six counties. Anyang, Ye, Tangyin, and Linlu were upper rank. Yaocheng and Linzhang. Wei Prefecture, Ji Commandery designation, distinguished rank. The seat was originally at Wei; in the first year of Zhenguan it was moved to Ji. Its local tribute included damask, silk, cotton, and lead powder. It had 48,056 households and a population of 284,630. It administered five counties. Ji, Wei, Gongcheng, and Xinxiang were distinguished rank. To its northeast lay the former Linqing Pass. To its southeast lay the former Yanjin Pass. Liyang. Bei Prefecture, Qinghe Commandery designation, distinguished rank. The seat was originally at Qinghe; in the sixth year of Wude it was moved to Liting; in the eighth year the former seat was restored. Its local tribute included silk, felt, and saddle-cover felt. It had 100,015 households and a population of 834,757. It administered eight counties. Qinghe was close-administered rank. Qingyang and Wucheng were upper rank. Jingcheng, Linqing, and Zhangnan were upper rank. Liting was upper rank. Xiajin. Chan Prefecture, upper rank. In the fourth year of Wude it was established from Chanshui in Li Prefecture and Dunqiu and Guancheng in Wei Prefecture. In the first year of Zhenguan the prefecture was abolished and the counties returned to their former jurisdictions. In the seventh year of Dali, Tian Chengsi petitioned to restore it with Dunqiu and Linhuang from Wei Prefecture. Its local tribute included horn bows, phoenix-wing mats, and lead powder. It administered four counties. Dunqiu was distinguished rank. Qingfeng, Guancheng, and Linhuang. Close-administered rank. To its southeast was Lujin Pass, also called Gaoling Ford. Xing Prefecture, Julu Commandery designation, upper rank. It was formerly Xiangguo Commandery and was renamed in the first year of Tianbao. Its local tribute included silk cloth, porcelain, knives, and ornamental stone. It had 70,189 households and a population of 382,798. It administered eight counties. Longgang, Shahe, Nanhe, Julu, Pingxiang, Ren, Yaoshan, and Neiqiu. Ming Prefecture, Guangping Commandery designation, distinguished rank. It was formerly Wu'an Commandery and was renamed in the first year of Tianbao. Its local tribute included silk tabby, cotton, pongee, and oiled garments. It had 91,666 households and a population of 683,280. It administered six counties. Yongnian was distinguished rank. Ping'en was upper rank. Linming, Jize, Feixiang, and Quzhou. Hui Prefecture, upper rank; originally Ci Prefecture; in the first year of Wude it was established from Fuyang, Linshui, and Cheng'an of Xiang Prefecture. In the first year of Zhenguan the prefecture was abolished and Fuyang and Cheng'an returned to Xiang Prefecture. In the first year of Yongtai, Zhaoyi Military Commissioner Xue Song petitioned to restore it with Fuyang from Xiang Prefecture and Handan and Wu'an from Ming Prefecture. In the third year of Tianyou it was renamed because the characters for 'ci' and 'hui' sounded alike. Its local tribute included yarn and magnetite. It administered four counties. Fuyang was distinguished rank. Handan, Wu'an, and Zhaoyi. Zhen Prefecture, Changshan Commandery designation, great-area military governorship. It was formerly Heng Prefecture, Hengshan Commandery, seated at Shiyi; established in the first year of Yining from Sui's Gaoyang Commandery. In the fourth year of Wude the seat was moved to Zhending. In the first year of Tianbao the commandery designation was changed; in the fifteenth year it was called Pingshan, soon restored as Hengshan. In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe it was renamed to avoid the taboo name of Emperor Muzong. Its local tribute included peacock gauze, melon-seed gauze, spring gauze, and pears. It had 54,633 households and a population of 342,134. It administered eleven counties. It had the Hengyang Army, established in the Kaiyuan era. Zhending, Gaocheng, and Shiyi were close-administered rank. Jiumen, Xingtang, Jingxing, Pingshan, Huolu, Lingshou, Gucheng, and Luancheng. Ji Prefecture, Xindu Commandery designation, upper rank. The seat was originally at Xindu; in the sixth year of Wude moved to Xiabo; in the first year of Zhenguan restored to the former seat; renamed Wei Prefecture in the second year of Longshuo; restored to the former name in the third year of Xianheng. Its local tribute included silk and cotton. It had 113,885 households and a population of 830,520. It administered nine counties. Xindu, Nangong, Tangyang, and Zaoqiang were upper rank. Wuyi and Hengshui were upper rank. One li to the south lay the Magistrate Yang Canal; in the early Zai era Magistrate Yang Yuangui diverted the Zhang River northward, channeling it through the city to fill the moat. Fucheng, Tiao, and Wuqiang. Shen Prefecture, Raoyang Commandery designation, upper rank. In the fourth year of Wude it was established from Anping in Ding Prefecture and Raoyang in Ying Prefecture; the seat was soon moved to Raoyang. In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan the prefecture was abolished and the counties returned to their former jurisdictions. In the second year of Xiantian it was restored with Raoyang from Ying Prefecture, Lucheng, Xiabo, and Wuqiang from Ji Prefecture, and Anping from Ding Prefecture. Its local tribute included silk. It had 18,825 households and a population of 346,472. It administered seven counties. Luze, Raoyang, Shulu, and Anping were upper rank. Boye, Leshou, and Xiabo. Zhao Prefecture, Zhao Commandery designation, distinguished rank. In early Wude the seat was at Baixiang; in the fourth year moved to Pingji; in the fifth year renamed Luan Prefecture; in early Zhenguan restored to the former name. Its local tribute included silk. It had 63,454 households and a population of 395,238. It administered eight counties. Pingji, Ningjin, Zhaoqing, and Baixiang were upper rank. To its west were the Thousand-Gold Canal and Ten-Thousand-Gold Weir, dredged and built in the Kaiyuan era by Magistrate Wang Zuo to drain accumulated floodwater. Gaoyi was middle rank. Lincheng and Zanhuang were middle rank. Yuanshi. Upper rank. It had Mount Ling and Mount Fenglong. Cang Prefecture, Jingcheng Commandery designation, upper rank. It was formerly Bohai Commandery, seated at Qingchi; in the first year of Wude moved to Rao'an; in the sixth year to Husu; in the first year of Zhenguan restored to Qingchi. Its local tribute included silk cloth, willow boxes, reed mats, sugar crabs, and snakehead fish. It had 124,024 households and a population of 825,705. It administered seven counties. Yanshan, Changlu, Leling, Rao'an, Wudi, and Qianfu. Jing Prefecture, upper rank. In the third year of Zhenyuan it was established from Gonggao, Dongguang, and Linjin in Cang Prefecture. In the first year of Changqing the prefecture was abolished and the counties returned to Cang Prefecture; in the second year it was restored with Gonggao, Dongguang, Linjin, Nanpi, and Jingcheng. In the fourth year of Dahe the prefecture was again abolished and the counties returned to Cang Prefecture. It was restored in the first year of Jingfu. Its local tribute included reed mats. It administered four counties. Gonggao and Dongguang were upper rank. Twenty li to the south lay the Jin River, opened in the Kaiyuan era to run from Anling into the Fu River. Linjin and Nanpi. De Prefecture, Pingyuan Commandery designation, upper rank. Its local tribute included silk and damask. It had 83,211 households and a population of 659,855. It administered six counties. Ande was close-administered rank. Changhe was upper rank. To its southeast lay the former Zhanggong Pass. Pingyuan, Pingchang, and Jiangling were distinguished rank. Anling. Ding Prefecture, Boling Commandery designation, upper rank. It was formerly Gaoyang Commandery and was renamed in the first year of Tianbao. Its local tribute included gauze, pongee, fine damask, auspicious damask, paired-medallion damask, single-medallion damask, double-wrapped damask, and boiled-thread damask. It had 78,090 households and a population of 496,676. It administered ten counties. Anxi, Yifeng, Beiping, Wangdu, Quyang, Xingyi, and Tang were upper rank. It had copper and iron. To its northwest lay the former Badu Pass and Daoma Pass. To its north lay the former Weisu Pass. Xinle was middle rank. Twenty li to the southeast lay Mudao Ditch, named for a man named Mudao who lived beside it. Wuji and Shenze. Middle rank. Yi Prefecture, Shanggu Commandery designation, upper rank. Its local tribute included pongee, cotton, and ink. It had 44,230 households and a population of 258,779. It administered six counties. It had nine garrison commands: Suicheng, Anyi, Xiuwu, Dexing, Xin'an, Guting, Wusui, Changle, and Longshui. It had the Gaoyang Army. Yi was upper rank. Rongcheng and Suicheng were upper rank. Laishui was upper rank. Mancheng and Wuhui. You Prefecture, Fanyang Commandery designation, great-area military governorship. It was formerly Zhuo Commandery and was renamed in the first year of Tianbao. Its local tribute included damask, cotton, silk, horn bows, ginseng, and chestnuts. It had 67,243 households and a population of 371,312. It administered nine counties. It had fourteen garrison commands: Lüping, Zhuocheng, Dewen, Lucheng, Leshang, Qinghua, Hongyuan, Liangxiang, Kaifu, Zhenghe, Ting'an, Zhehe, Liangdu, and Xianning. Within the city stood the Jinglue Army; there was also the Surrender Reception Army, originally the Surrender Reception garrison city in the old Dingling River region. To its southwest lay the Ansei Army and Helian City. It had three garrison cities—Zongwang, Qianjian, and Tiankou—and four outposts: Zhaodui, Chefang, Haocheng, and Hepang. Ji, Youdu, Guangping, Lu, Wuqing, Yongqing, and Anci were upper rank. Liangxiang and Changping. Distinguished rank. Fifteen li to the north lay Jundu Pass. Thirty-five li to the northwest lay Nakuan Pass, the former Juyong Pass, also called Jundu Pass. To its north lay the Defense Army in the ancient Xiayang River region. It had Langshan. Zhuo Prefecture, upper rank. In the fourth year of Dali, Military Commissioner Zhu Xicai petitioned to carve out Fanyang, Guiyi, and Gu'an from You Prefecture. It administered five counties. Fanyang, Guiyi, and Gu'an were upper rank. Xinchang and Xincheng. Ying Prefecture, Hejian Commandery designation, upper rank. Its local tribute included silk. It had 98,018 households and a population of 663,171. It administered five counties. Hejian, Gaoyang, and Pingshu were upper rank. Shucheng was upper rank. Jingcheng. Mo Prefecture, Wen'an Commandery designation, upper rank. It was formerly Mao Prefecture; in the second year of Jingyun it was established from Mao, Renqiu, Wen'an, Qingyuan, and Tangxing in Ying Prefecture and Guiyi in You Prefecture. In the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan it was renamed because the characters for 'Mao' and 'Zheng' were graphically similar. Its local tribute included silk and cotton. It had 53,493 households and a population of 339,972. It administered six counties. Mo and Qingyuan were upper rank. Wen'an, Renqiu, Changfeng, and Tangxing. Ping Prefecture, Beiping Commandery designation, lower rank. The seat was originally at Linru; in the first year of Wude it was moved to Lulong. Its local tribute included bear hides, chaste-tree fruit, and ginseng. It had 3,113 households and a population of 25,086. It administered three counties. Lulong, Shicheng, and Macheng. Gui Prefecture, Guichuan Commandery designation, upper rank. It was formerly North Yan Prefecture; in the seventh year of Wude, with Gao Kaidao subdued, it was established from Huairou in You Prefecture. It was renamed in the eighth year of Zhenguan. Its local tribute included birch bark, Hu-lu wood, armor elm, arrow shafts, and musk. It had 2,263 households and a population of 11,584. It administered one county. It had two garrison commands: Miyun and Baitan. It had the Qingyi Army, established in the Chuigong era. It had four garrison forces: Huaibei, Baiyangdu, Yunzhi, and Guangbian. It had two outposts: Henghe and Chaicheng. It had Yangmen City. It had two passes: Yongding and Yaozi. There was also the Huairou Army, in the territory of Gui and Wei prefectures. Huairou. Upper rank. In the Tianbao era Guichuan County was carved out and soon abolished. The Gui River ran through its center. Ninety li to the north lay the Great Wall, built by Zhang Yue in the Kaiyuan era. Fifty li to the southeast lay Juyong Pass; eastward it connected with Lulong and Jieshi, westward with the Taihang and Changshan ranges—truly the greatest strategic barrier under Heaven. It had Tiemen Pass. To its west lay the Ningwu Army. Farther north lay the Guangbian Army at the old Baiyun City. Tan Prefecture, Miyun Commandery designation; formerly Anle Commandery; renamed in the first year of Tianbao. Its local tribute included ginseng and musk. It had 6,064 households and a population of 30,246. It administered two counties. Miyun was middle rank. It had Mount Kui. Yanle. Middle rank. One hundred eighty-five li to the northeast lay the Dongjun and Beikou frontier garrisons. Beikou was the Great Wall Pass. Eight hundred li farther north lay the Tuhuzhen River, the seat of the Xi king. Ji Prefecture, Yuyang Commandery designation, lower rank. It was established in the eighteenth year of Kaiyuan from You Prefecture. Its local tribute included white glue. It had 5,317 households and a population of 18,521. It administered three counties. Yuyang, Sanhe, and Yutian. Ying Prefecture, Liucheng Commandery designation, upper military governorship. It was formerly Liaoxi Commandery; in the first year of Wansui Tongtian it fell to the Khitan; in the second year of Shengli the seat was provisionally at Yuyang; in the fifth year of Kaiyuan it returned to Liucheng; renamed in the first year of Tianbao. Its local tribute included ginseng, musk, leopard tails, and hide-and-bone saddles. It had 997 households and a population of 3,789. It administered one county. Liucheng. Middle rank. To the northwest it bordered the Xi; to the north the Khitan; it had the Northeast Garrison Shrine to Mount Yiwulü. Farther east lay Mount Jieshi. The Andong Protectorate, upper protectorate. In the first year of Zongzhang, Li Ji subdued Goguryeo, taking one hundred seventy-six cities; the territory was divided into nine area commands, forty-two prefectures, and one hundred counties; the Andong Protectorate was established at Pyongyang to govern them, appointing their tribal chiefs as area commanders, prefects, and magistrates. In the third year of Shangyuan it was moved to the old Liaodong Commandery city; in the second year of Yifeng it was moved again to Xincheng. In the first year of Shengli it was renamed the Andong Area Command; in the first year of Shenlong it was restored to the former name. In the second year of Kaiyuan it was moved to Ping Prefecture; in the second year of Tianbao (743) it was moved again to the old Liaoxi commandery city. It was abolished after the Zhide era. Its local tribute included ginseng.
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At right: the Hebei Surveillance Commissioner, with his seat at Wei Prefecture.
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Collation notes for this chapter.
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