← Back to 新唐書

卷四十 志第三十 地理四

Volume 40 Treatises 34: Gepgraphy 4

Chapter 40 of 新唐書 · New Book of Tang
← Previous Chapter
Chapter 40
Next Chapter →
1
綿 使 便 西 西 綿 [] 西 西 西 西 西
Shannan Circuit covered the ancient Jing and Liang provinces and the Han commanderies of Nan, Wuling, Ba, Hanzhong, Nanyang, Jiangxia, Hongnong, Guanghan, and Wudu. Jiangling, Xia, Gui, Kui, Li, Lang, Fu, Ying, Xiang, and Fang lay in the Quèwěi division; Deng, Sui, Bi, and Jun in the Quèhuǒ division; and Xingyuan, Jin, Yang, Feng, Xing, Cheng, Wen, Fu, Li, Ji, Bi, Ba, Peng, Tong, Kai, Zhong, Wan, Fu, Lang, Guo, and Qu in the Quèshǒu division. It comprised two superior prefectures, thirty-three prefectures, and 161 counties. Its famous mountains were Bozhong, Xiong'er, Tongliang, Wu, Jing, and Xian. Its great rivers were the Ba, Han, Ju, and Yu. Its tax items: silk, cloth, and cotton pongee. Its tribute items: gold, silk thread, ramie, and lacquer. Shannan East Circuit — Jiangling Prefecture, Jiangling Commandery: formerly Jing Prefecture's Nan Commandery, renamed in Tianbao 1. In Shangyuan 1 of Emperor Suzong it was styled the Southern Capital and elevated to a superior prefecture. In the second year the capital status was abolished, but that same year it was again styled the Southern Capital. Soon afterward the capital status was abolished again. Local tribute: figured damask, coarse cloth, oranges, tangerines, mandarins, shaddocks, white fish, sugar crabs, gardenia, fritillaria, raspberries, dark plums, and stonecrop. It registered 30,392 households and 148,149 mouths. It governed eight counties. It had one garrison, Luohan. It also had Yong'an Army, established in Qianyuan 2. Jiangling, secondary red. In Zhenguan 17 Anxing County was abolished and merged into it. In Zhenyuan 8 the military commissioner Li Gao, Heir Prince of Cao, blocked the old dike, opened five thousand qing of good fields, and brought yields to one zhong per mu. He also laid out abandoned islets south of the river as dwellings and built two bridges across the river. Because people in Jing were accustomed to drinking from ponds and marshes, he taught them to dig wells, and they welcomed the change. Zhijiang, secondary metropolitan. In Shangyuan 1 Changning County was split off from Jiangling. In the second year Zhijiang was abolished and merged into Changning. In Dali 6 Zhijiang was restored and Changning was abolished. Dangyang, secondary metropolitan. In Wude 4 Ping Prefecture was established, and Linju County was split off at the same time. In the sixth year it was renamed Yu Prefecture. In the eighth year the prefecture was abolished, Linju was abolished, and Dangyang was attached. It had South Zigai Mountain and North Zigai Mountain. Changlin, secondary metropolitan. In Wude 4 Ji Prefecture was established in the eastern borderland, and Zhangshan County was established at the same time. In the seventh year the prefecture was abolished, and Zhangshan was placed under Ying Prefecture. When Ying Prefecture was abolished, it was attached. In the eighth year Zhangshan was abolished and merged into Changlin. Shishou, secondary metropolitan. It was established in Wude 4. Songzi, secondary metropolitan. Gong'an, secondary metropolitan. Jingmen County. Rank: secondary metropolitan. It was split off from Changlin and established in Zhenyuan 21. Xia Prefecture, Yiling Commandery — middle rank. Its seat was originally at Xialao Fort; in Zhenguan 9 it was moved to Buchan Fortress. Local tribute: ramie cloth, arrow bamboo, oranges, tea, wax, mirabilite, acanthopanax, wild ginger, and podophyllum. It registered 8,098 households and 45,606 mouths. It governed four counties. Yiling, upper. Twenty-eight li northwest lay Xialao garrison-town. It had Yellow Ox Mountain. Yidu, lower-middle. Originally Yichang, under Nan Commandery. Renamed in Wude 2; with Yidu and Xia Prefecture's Yidao it formed Jiang Prefecture, renamed Dongsong Prefecture in the sixth year. In Zhenguan 8 the prefecture was abolished and merged into Yidu, which then came under Xia Prefecture. Changyang, lower-middle. It had originally belonged to Nan Commandery. In Wude 4 the county became the seat of Mu Prefecture, and Bashan and Yanshui counties were established at the same time. In the eighth year the prefecture was abolished, Yanshui was abolished, and Changyang and Bashan were placed under Dongsong Prefecture. When that prefecture was abolished, they were attached. In Tianbao 8 Bashan was abolished and merged into Changyang. Yuan'an County. Rank: lower-middle. It had Shenma Mountain, formerly Baima Mountain, renamed in Tianbao 1. Gui Prefecture, Badong Commandery — lower rank. Established in Wude 2 by splitting Zigui and Badong from Kui Prefecture. Local tribute: ramie cloth, tea, honey, and wax. It registered 4,645 households and 23,417 mouths. It governed three counties. Zigui, middle. It produced salt. Eighty-five li southeast lay the walled town of Taiqing garrison. Badong, lower-middle. It produced salt and iron. Xingshan County. Rank: lower-middle. It was split off from Zigui and established in Wude 3. Kui Prefecture, Yun'an Commandery — a lower-rank protector-general's office. Originally Xin Prefecture, Badong Commandery; renamed in Wude 2 and given the Yun'an commandery name in Tianbao 1. Local tribute: ramie and tin cloth, bears, brown bears, pheasants, tea, oranges, mandarins, honey, and wax. It registered 15,620 households and 75,000 mouths. It governed four counties. It had one garrison, Dongyang. Fengjie, upper. Formerly Renfu, it was renamed in Zhenguan 23. It produced iron. It had the Yong'an Well Salt Office. Yun'an, upper. It had a salt office. Wushan, middle. It had Mount Wu. Dachang County. Rank: lower. It had a salt office. Li Prefecture, Liyang Commandery — superior. Local tribute: figured damask, ramie-twined towels, rhinoceros horn, bamboo mats, talc powder, oranges, mandarins, angelica root, and Sichuan lacquer. It registered 19,620 households and 93,349 mouths. It governed four counties. Liyang, prominent. It had Guan Mountain. Anxiang, middle. In Zhenguan 1 Chanling County was abolished and merged into Anxiang. Shimen, middle. It produced iron. Cili. Rank: lower-middle. Chongyi County was established in the Wude era and abolished, merging into Cili, in Longde 1. It had formerly been Chong Prefecture. Lang Prefecture, Wuling Commandery — lower rank. Local tribute: kudzu, ramie fine-matting, oranges, and rhinoceros horn. It registered 9,306 households and 43,760 mouths. It governed two counties. Wuling, upper. North of the county lay the Yongtai Canal, opened in the Guangye era by Prefect Hu Chuli to carry grain tribute and supply water for firefighting. Twenty-seven li northwest stood Beita Weir, which Prefect Li Jin expanded in Kaiyuan 27. It drew from the old Zhuan Reservoir, passed through Huangtu Weir into Baima Lake, and fed both the city moat and the former Yongtai Canal, watering more than a thousand qing of farmland. Eighty-nine li northeast lay Kaogong Weir, which Prefect Li Ao opened in Changqing 1 from the old Han Fan Reservoir and used to irrigate 1,100 qing of fields; There was also Youshi Weir, which Prefect Wen Zao expanded in the second year of Changqing, opening the Houxiang Canal for ninety-seven li to water 2,000 qing of fields. A hundred nineteen li farther north stood Jinshi Reservoir, first opened at the beginning of the Shengli era by Magistrate Cui Siye and later enlarged by Li Ao and Wen Zao, watering 900 qing of fields. Li Ao had served as vice director in the Ministry of Personnel's merit-evaluation office, and Wen Zao as a palace attendant; because each later went out as prefect, the weirs took their official titles. Eighty li northeast lay Cui Reservoir. Thirty-five li northeast stood Cha Reservoir, likewise built by Cui Siye to irrigate fields, though it was later abandoned. In Dali 5 Prefect Wei Xiaqing restored Cha Reservoir, watering more than a thousand qing of farmland. In the thirteenth year of Dali the weir was ruined and the project was abandoned. It had Wang Mountain. Longyang. Rank: upper-middle. Zhong Prefecture, Nanbin Commandery — lower rank. Originally Lin Prefecture, established in Yining 2 from Linjiang in Badong Commandery and renamed in Zhenguan 8. Local tribute: raw gold, cotton silk, su-scented mats, and patterned knives. It registered 6,722 households and 43,026 mouths. It governed five counties. Linjiang, lower-middle. It produced salt. Fengdu, lower-middle. It was established in Yining 2 by splitting off from Linjiang. Nanbin, lower-middle. It was established in Wude 2 from Wuning in Pu Prefecture. It produced iron. Dianjiang, lower-middle. Guixi. Rank: lower-middle. Originally Qingshui, established in Wude 2 from Linjiang and renamed in Tianbao 1. Fu Prefecture, Fuling Commandery — lower rank. It was established in Wude 1 from the Fuling garrison-town of Yu Prefecture. Local tribute: alluvial gold, patterned knives, Liao cloth, and wax. It registered 9,400 households and 44,722 mouths. It governed five counties. Fuling, lower-middle. It was established in Wude 2, together with Wulong County. Yong'an County was also carved out of Fuling and Ba counties. In Kaiyuan 22 Yong'an was abolished and merged into Lewen. Binhua, lower. Originally Longhua, established in Zhenguan 11 and renamed in Xiantian 1. Wulong, lower-middle. Lewen, lower-middle. It was established in Wude 2 from Ba County, first under Nanlin Prefecture and attached to Fu Prefecture in year 9. Wenshan. Rank: lower. It had originally belonged to Nanlin Prefecture and was later attached here. Wan Prefecture, Nanpu Commandery — lower rank. Originally Nanpu Prefecture, established in Wude 2 from Xin Prefecture. In year 8 the prefecture was abolished: Nanpu and Liangshan were attached to Kui Prefecture, and Wuning to Lin Prefecture. It was restored in year 9 as Pu Prefecture. It was renamed in Zhenguan 8. Local tribute: alluvial gold and yaozi medicine. It registered 5,179 households and 25,746 mouths. It governed three counties. Nanpu, middle. It had the Tugan and Yuyang salt supervisors — two salt offices. Wuning, lower-middle. Liangshan. Rank: lower-middle. Xiang Prefecture, Xiangyang Commandery — prominent. Local tribute: silk turbans, lacquerware, Kuluzhen cloth in two grades — ten pairs with floral patterns and five with crushed-stone patterns — plus oranges, sugar cane, taro, and ginger. It registered 47,780 households and 252,001 mouths. It governed seven counties. It had one garrison, Hanjin. Xiangyang, prominent. In Zhenguan 8 Changping County was abolished and merged into Xiangyang. It had Xian Mountain. Dengcheng, closely supervised. Originally Anyang, called Linhan in Tianbao 1 and renamed in Zhenyuan 21. Gucheng, upper. In Wude 4 Zao Prefecture was set up over Gucheng and Yincheng; when it was abolished in year 5, both counties were attached to Xiang Prefecture. In Zhenguan 8 Yincheng was abolished and merged into Gucheng. It had Xie Mountain. Yiqing, middle. In Zhenguan 8 Nanzhang was abolished and merged into Yiqing. That Nanzhang had originally been Linju. Nanzhang, lower-middle. Originally Jingshan, it was split from Nanzhang in Wude 2 and made the seat of Chong Prefecture, with Chongyang, Pingyang, Quyang, Tumen, and Guiyi also established. In year 7 Quyang merged into Jingshan, Pingyang into Chongyang, and Tumen and Guiyi into Yongqing in Fang Prefecture. When the prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 1, Jingshan was attached here and Chongyang was moved to the old Chong Prefecture seat under Qian Prefecture. In year 8 Chongyang was abolished and merged into Jingshan. In Kaiyuan 18 it was moved to the old Nanzhang site and renamed accordingly. It had Jingshan. Lexiang, lower-middle. Originally under Jingling Commandery, it became part of Nuo Prefecture in Wude 4 together with Shuidao and Shanghong from Xiang Prefecture. In Zhenguan 1 it also took in Changshou, and Shanghong was abolished. When the prefecture was abolished in year 8, Changshou was attached to Wen Prefecture and Lexiang and Shuidao to Xiang Prefecture. Yicheng. Upper rank. Originally Shuidao, it absorbed abolished Hannan County in Zhenguan 8 and was renamed in Tianbao 7. It had Shiliangshan and Yinshan. Bi Prefecture, Huai'an Commandery — superior. Originally the Chunling Commandery of Chang Prefecture, with its seat at Zaoyang. In Wude 5 it took the name Tang Prefecture from Tangcheng Mountain, and in year 9 the seat moved to Biyang. In Tianbao 1 the commandery was renamed. In Tianyou 3 Zhu Quanzhong moved the seat to Biyang and petitioned for renaming. Local tribute: silk and cloth. It registered 42,643 households and 182,364 mouths. It governed seven counties. Biyang, middle. Originally Shangma, it was abolished into Huyang in Zhenguan 1, restored in Kaiyuan 13, and renamed in Tianbao 1. Biyang, upper. Originally the Huai'an Commandery seat, in Wude 4 it became Xian Prefecture governing Biyang, Ciqie, Pingshi, Xiangang, and Tongbai. In year 2 Xiangang was abolished. When the prefecture was abolished in year 9, all its counties were attached here. Ciqie, upper. Tongbai, middle. Chun Prefecture was established at the start of Wude; when it was abolished in Zhenguan 1, Tongbai was attached here. It had Tongbai Mountain. It had a shrine to the Huai River. Pingshi, middle. It had Qizhong Mountain. Huyang, middle. In Wude 4 the county became the seat of Hu Prefecture; when that prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 1, it was attached here. It had Liaoshan. Fangcheng. Upper rank. Originally the seat of Yuyang Commandery. In Wude 2 it became North Li Prefecture with Fangcheng and Zhenchang. In Zhenguan 1 Zhenchang was abolished. Renamed Lu Prefecture in year 8, it was abolished in year 9 and Fangcheng was attached here. Sui Prefecture, Handong Commandery — superior. Local tribute: heluo cloth, damask, kudzu, and raspberries. It registered 23,917 households and 105,722 mouths. It governed four counties. Sui, upper. In Wude 4 Angui County was abolished and merged into it. In year 5 Pinglin and Shunyi counties were abolished and merged into it. Guanghua, upper. Zaoyang, upper. Originally under Tang Prefecture. In Wude 5 Qingtan County from Tang Prefecture was abolished and merged into it. In Zhenguan 1 Chunling County from Tang Prefecture was also abolished and merged into it. In year 10 Zaoyang was attached here. It had Guangwu Mountain. Tangcheng. Upper rank. In Kaiyuan 26 it was created from client-household lands split off from Zaoyang. Deng Prefecture, Nanyang Commandery — superior. Local tribute: silk cloth and maoju chrysanthemum. It registered 43,055 households and 165,257 mouths. It governed six counties. Rang, prominent. In Wude 4 Pingjin was split off and Xinye became Xin Prefecture; when Xin Prefecture was soon abolished, Xinye was attached here. In year 6 Pingjin County was abolished. It also held Miyang until Zhenguan 1, and Xinye until Qianyuan 1, when both were merged into it. Nanyang, closely supervised. In Wude 3 Wan Prefecture was created from Nanyang and Shangma of Chunling Commandery, with Yunyang, Shangwan, and Angu also established. When the prefecture was abolished in year 8, Shangma went to Tang Prefecture, Yunyang and Shangwan were abolished, and Angu merged into Nanyang here. In Shengli 1 it was renamed Wutai. At the start of Shenlong the original name was restored. It had copper. Xiangcheng, upper. In Wude 3 the county became the seat of Yu Prefecture. When Yu Prefecture was abolished in year 8 it passed to North Li Prefecture, and when that too was abolished, it was attached here. In Shengli 1 it was renamed Wuqing. At the start of Shenlong the original name was restored. Luyang Pass lay eighty li to the north. Linchuan, upper. Originally Xincheng. In Wude 2 the county became the seat of Li Prefecture; when it was abolished in year 8, it was attached here. In Zhenguan 1 Guanjun County was abolished and merged into it. In Tianbao 1 it was renamed. Shunyang County was also established from Guanjun in Wude 2 and abolished in year 6. Neixiang, upper. Originally the seat of Xiyang Commandery. In Wude 2 it became Xi Prefecture, with Moshui County also established. When Xi Prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 8, Moshui merged into Neixiang and it was attached here. It had Hushan. Jutan. Middle rank. In Kaiyuan 24 it was split off from Xincheng. Jun Prefecture, Wudang Commandery — lower. In Yining 2 it was created from Wudang and Junyang split off from Xiyang Commandery. When abolished in Zhenguan 1, both counties were attached to Xi Prefecture. In year 8 it was restored with Wudang and Yunxiang. Local tribute: pheasant tail feathers and musk. It registered 9,698 households and 50,809 mouths. It governed three counties. It had one garrison, Zhicheng. Wudang, upper. Pingling was split off in Yining 2 and abolished in Wude 7; Junyang merged into Wudang in year 8. A salt pond lay one hundred li to the southeast. It had Wudang Mountain. Yunxiang, upper. Originally under Xiyang Commandery. In Wude 1 Nanfeng Prefecture was created from Yunxiang and Anfu, with Duyang, Huangsha, Baisha, and Gucheng also established. In year 8 Huangsha, Baisha, and Gucheng were abolished; when Nanfeng Prefecture was abolished that year, Yunxiang, Anfu, and Duyang were attached to Xi Prefecture. In Zhenguan 1 Anfu and Duyang were abolished and merged into it. It had Jingshe Mountain, formerly Dushan, renamed during the Tianbao era. Fengli. Upper rank. It had Fulong Mountain. It had Xiyi Mountain, also known as Tianxin Mountain. Fang Prefecture, Fangling Commandery — superior. In Wude 1 it was created from Zhushan and Shangyong split off from Qian Prefecture. In Zhenguan 10 the seat moved to Fangling. Local tribute: wax, blue alum, musk, stalactite, omphalia, gypsum, and bamboo floss. It registered 14,422 households and 71,708 mouths. It governed four counties. Fangling, upper. Originally Guangqian, the seat of Fangling Commandery. In Wude 1 it became Qian Prefecture, with Shouyang, Xichuan, and Fangling also split off. In year 5 Xichuan was abolished. In year 7 Fangling and Shouyang were abolished. When the prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 10, it was attached here and Guangqian was renamed Fangling. Yongqing, lower-middle. Originally under Qian Prefecture, it was attached here when that prefecture was abolished. It had Fang Mountain. Zhushan, lower-middle. Wuling County was split off in Wude 1 and abolished in Zhenguan 10. Shangyong. Upper rank. Fu Prefecture, Jingling Commandery — superior. Originally Mianyang Commandery, with its seat at Jingling. In Zhenguan 7 the seat moved to Mianyang. In Tianbao 1 it was renamed. In Baoying 2 the seat returned to its former location. Local tribute: white ramie and white honey. It registered 8,210 households and 44,885 mouths. It governed three counties. Mianyang, upper. Jingling, upper. It had Wuhua Mountain. It had the Shiyan Canal, opened in the Xiantong era by Prefect Dong Yuansu. Jianli. Lower-middle rank. Ying Prefecture, Fushui Commandery — superior. Originally Jingling Commandery, with its seat at Changshou. Abolished in Zhenguan 1, with Changshou attached to Nuo Prefecture, it was restored in year 17 with its seat at Jingshan before returning to Changshou. Local tribute: ramie cloth, kudzu, plantain, spring-wine yeast, jujubes, and festival rice. It registered 12,046 households and 57,375 mouths. It governed three counties. Changshou, upper. In Zhenguan 1 Lanshui County was abolished and merged into it. Jingshan, upper. Originally under An Prefecture. In Wude 4 Wen Prefecture was created from Jingshan and Fushui; when it was abolished in Zhenguan 17, both counties were attached here. Fushui. Upper rank. It had Baisha Mountain. Jin Prefecture, Hanyin Commandery — superior. Originally Xicheng Commandery, it became Ankang Commandery in Tianbao 1 and was renamed in Zhide 2. Local tribute: alluvial gold, tea buds, pepper, lacquer, peppercorns, benzoin, musk, eucommia, omphalia, bitter orange peel, immature bitter orange, and phellodendron bark. It had an orange monopoly office. It registered 14,091 households and 57,929 mouths. It governed six counties. It had one garrison, Hongyi. Xicheng, upper. Originally Jinchuan, it was renamed in Yining 2. It had Niushan. The Han River yielded gold. Xunyang, lower-middle. In Wude 1 the county became the seat of Xun Prefecture, with Xuncheng and Lüchuan also established; when the prefecture was abolished in year 7, all three counties were attached here. In Zhenguan 2 Lüchuan was abolished, and in year 8 Xuncheng was abolished. Shenkou fortified town lay to the east. Yuyang, upper. Originally Huangtu, it was renamed in Tianbao 1, abolished into Xunyang in Dali 6, and restored in the early Changqing era. Shiquan, lower-middle. Renamed Wu'an in Shengli 1 and restored in Shenlong 1, it was abolished into Hanyin in Dali 6 and re-established in Yongzhen 1. Hanyin, lower-middle. Originally Ankang. In Wude 1 the county became the seat of Xi'an Prefecture, with Ningyu and Guangde also established. In year 2 it was renamed Zhi Prefecture. When the prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 1, Ningyu was abolished and Guangde merged into Ankang here. In Zhide 2 it was renamed. Fangshan Pass lay to the west, established in Zhenguan 12. The Yuechuan River yielded gold. Pingli. Lower-middle rank. Established at the old Ji'an site in Wude 1, it was abolished into Xicheng in Dali 6 and restored in the early Changqing era. It had Nüwa Mountain.
2
使 西 西 綿 西 綿 西 西 綿 西 西 西 使西 祿西 鹿 西 祿 西 綿 西 使 綿 綿 綿 綿 西 西 西 綿 西 西 耀 西 綿
The east circuit investigative commissioner was stationed at Xiang Prefecture. Shannan West Circuit — Xingyuan Prefecture, Hanzhong Commandery — red. Originally Liang Prefecture's Hanchuan Commandery, it was renamed Bao Prefecture in Kaiyuan 13 because its name sounded like Liangzhou, restored as Liang Prefecture in year 20, given a new commandery name in Tianbao 1, and elevated to a superior prefecture in Xingyuan 1. Local tribute: fine silk, wax, red indigo, rouge, summer garlic, winter bamboo shoots, pickled melons, oranges, loquats, and tea. It registered 37,470 households and 153,717 mouths. It governed five counties. It had one garrison, Lishui. Nanzheng, secondary red. It had Hanshan, Yunü Mountain, and Zhongliang Mountain. Baocheng, secondary metropolitan. In Yining 2 it was renamed Baozhong. In Zhenguan 3 the original name was restored. It had Niutou Mountain. Ganning Pass lay to the north. Chenggu, secondary metropolitan. Renamed Tanggu in Wude 2, it had Baiyun County split off in year 3, which was abolished in year 9. In Zhenguan 2 the original name was restored. Xi, secondary metropolitan. In Wude 3 the county became the seat of Bao Prefecture, with Jinniu split off from Miangu in Li Prefecture; when the prefecture was abolished in year 8, both counties were attached here. In Baoli 1 Jinniu County was abolished and merged into it. Baitao Pass lay to the southwest. It had tin and iron. Sanquan. Secondary metropolitan rank. Split off from Miangu in Li Prefecture in Wude 4, it became the seat of Nan'an Prefecture, with Jiamou County also established. When the prefecture was abolished in year 8, Jiamou was abolished and Sanquan was attached to Li Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it was attached here. Yang Prefecture, Yangchuan Commandery — heroic. Created in Wude 1 from Xixiang, Huangjin, and Xingshi split off from Liang Prefecture, it moved its seat to Xingdao in Tianbao 15. Local tribute: white crossed silk, hemp cloth, wild ramie, wax, benzoin, and musk. It registered 23,849 households and 88,327 mouths. It governed four counties. Xingdao, closely supervised. Originally Xingshi, it was renamed in Zhenguan 23. It had the Luogu Road, with its southern mouth at Tanggu. Its northern mouth was Luogu. Xixiang, upper. Yangyuan County was split off in Wude 4 and abolished in Baoli 1. It had Yunting Mountain. Huangjin, middle. It had the Ziwu Valley Road. Zhenfu. Middle rank. Originally Huayang, it was split off from Xingdao in Kaiyuan 18. In Tianbao 3 it was abolished. When the Qingshuigu Road was opened in year 8 it was restored; jade tablets found while cutting into the mountain led to renaming, and it was placed under Jingzhao Prefecture. In year 11 it was attached here. It had Taibai Mountain and Jinxing Cave. Li Prefecture, Yichang Commandery — a lower-rank protector-general's office. Originally Yicheng Commandery, it was renamed in Tianbao 1. Local tribute: gold, silk cloth, millet, candles, minnows, asparagus root, lovage, and musk. It registered 13,910 households and 44,600 mouths. It governed six counties. Miangu, upper. It had iron. Jiameng, upper. Yichang, lower-middle. Jiachuan, lower-middle. Yinshan, lower-middle. Originally Yicheng, it was renamed Yiqing in Yining 2. In Wude 7 Xiping Prefecture was created from Yiqing, Qiping, and Fengguo from Long Prefecture. When the prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 2, Yiqing was attached here and Qiping and Fengguo went to Lang Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it was renamed. Jinggu. Lower-middle rank. In Wude 4 Sha Prefecture was created from Jinggu and Fangwei from Long Prefecture. When the prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 1, Fangwei became a garrison town and Jinggu was attached here. It was abolished in Baoli 1 and soon restored. Shimen Pass lay to the west. The fortified towns of Baibo and Yulao lay to the northwest. Feng Prefecture, Hechi Commandery — lower. Local tribute: cloth, candles, and musk. It registered 5,918 households and 27,877 mouths. It governed three counties. It had one garrison, Guichang. Liangquan, lower-middle. Huanghua County was split off in Wude 1 and abolished in Baoli 1. It had silver and iron. Liangdang, lower-middle. It had silver. Hechi. Lower-middle rank. Xing Prefecture, Shunzheng Commandery — lower. Local tribute: wax, lacquer, cinnabar, honey, and bamboo shoots. It registered 2,224 households and 11,046 mouths. It governed two counties. Shunzheng, middle. It had iron. Xingcheng Pass lay to the south. Changju. Lower-middle rank. During the Yuanhe era, Military Commissioner Yan Li dredged the Jialing River two hundred li west from the county, burning great boulders and pouring oil to break them apart, opening water transport to supply Cheng Prefecture's garrison troops. The prefecture also held Mingshui County until Changqing 1, when it was abolished and merged into Changju. It had iron. Cheng Prefecture, Tonggu Commandery — lower. Originally Hanyang Commandery with its seat at Shanglu, it was renamed in Tianbao 1 and fell to the Tibetans in Baoying 1; a provisional prefecture was set up at Nigong Mountain on Tonggu's western border in Zhenyuan 5, restored in Xiantong 7, moved to Baojing Fort, and later to Tonggu. Local tribute: candles, musk, deer antler velvet, peucedanum, and wolf poison. It registered 4,727 households and 21,508 mouths. It governed three counties. It had one garrison, Pingyin. It had the Jingrong Army, established in Baoying 1 by moving Mayi Prefecture to Yanjing Fort. Tonggu, lower-middle. In Wude 1 the county became the seat of Xikang Prefecture; when that prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 1 it was attached here, and it was restored in Xiantong 13. Shanglu, middle. It was abolished after falling to the Tibetans. It had Qiuchi Mountain. It had salt. Hanyuan. Lower-middle rank. It was abolished after falling to the Tibetans. Wen Prefecture, Yinping Commandery — lower. In Yining 2 it was created from Qushui, Zhengxi, and Changsong split off from Wudu Commandery. Local tribute: alluvial gold, pongee, cotton, musk, white honey, candles, and oranges. It registered 1,908 households and 9,205 mouths. It governed one county. Qushui. Lower-middle rank. Zhengxi County was abolished in Zhenguan 1 and Changsong County in Zhenyuan 6, and both were merged into Qushui. Fu Prefecture, Tongchang Commandery — lower. It fell to the Tibetans after Qianyuan and was recovered in Dazhong 2 by Military Commissioner Zheng Ya. Local tribute: musk, angelica, and lovage. It registered 2,418 households and 14,285 mouths. It governed four counties. It had two garrisons, Anchuan and Huichuan. Tongchang, lower-middle. Tieyi, lower-middle. Renamed Wujin in Wansui Tongtian 2, it recovered its original name in Shenlong 1. Wanquan, lower-middle. Originally Shang'an, it was renamed in Zhide 2. Qianchuan. Lower-middle rank. Ji Prefecture, Fuyang Commandery — lower. In Wude 1 it was created from Nanjiang of Liang Prefecture and Fuyang, Changchi, and Baishi of Ba Prefecture. Local tribute: candles and yaozi medicine. It registered 4,353 households and 25,726 mouths. It governed three counties. Nanjiang, upper. Pingsang was split off in Wude 1, abolished in Zhenguan 1, restored in year 2, abolished again in year 6, when Changchi was also merged into Nanjiang. Damou, lower. In Wude 2 Jing Prefecture moved its seat to Diping, which was renamed Dipíng. When Jing Prefecture was abolished in year 17, Damou and Qinghua went to Ba Prefecture and Diping was attached here. In Yongtai 1 Damou went to Ji Prefecture, Diping was renamed Tongping, and Tongping was abolished in Baoli 1. Jiachuan. Lower rank. Originally under Li Prefecture, then Jing Prefecture from Zhenguan 2 until that prefecture was abolished, it returned to Li Prefecture and was attached here in Yongtai 1. Bi Prefecture, Shining Commandery — lower. In Wude 8 it was created from territory split off from Shining County in Ba Prefecture. Local tribute: pongee, cotton, and horse whips. It registered 13,368 households and 54,757 mouths. It governed five counties. Tongjiang, upper. Originally Nuoshui under Wan Prefecture. Abolished during Wude, it was restored in year 8 from Shining in Ba Prefecture and renamed in Tianbao 1. Guangna, middle. Split off from Shining and Guiren in Wude 3, it was abolished in Baoli 1 and restored in the early Dazhong era. Fuyang, middle. Originally under Qinghua Commandery, it passed between Ji Prefecture and Bi Prefecture several times before settling here in Yongtai 1. Baishi, middle. Originally under Qinghua Commandery and then Ji Prefecture, it was attached here in year 8. Dongba. Middle rank. Originally Taiping, established in Kaiyuan 23 and renamed in Tianbao 1. Ba Prefecture, Qinghua Commandery — middle. Local tribute: alluvial gold, cotton, pongee, coarse cloth, flower oil, oranges, and rock honey. It registered 30,210 households and 91,057 mouths. It governed nine counties. Huacheng, upper. Pandao, lower-middle. Abolished into Enyang in Baoli 1, it was restored during the Changqing era. Qinghua, upper. In Wude 1 Jing Prefecture was established, with Damou and Diping also split off. Zengkou, middle. Guiren, middle. Shining, middle. Qizhang, middle. It was abolished in Baoli 1 and restored in Dazhong 1. Enyang, middle. It was abolished in Zhenguan 17 and restored in Wansui Tongtian 1. Qipan. Upper rank. It was established in Jiushi 1. Peng Prefecture, Pengshan Commandery — lower. Originally Xi'an Commandery, it was created in Wude 1 from Angu and Fuyu of Ba Prefecture, Yilong and Dayin of Long Prefecture, and Dangqu and Xi'an of Qu Prefecture; the seat moved to Dayin in Kaiyuan 29 and the commandery was renamed in Zhide 2. Local tribute: cotton and pongee. It registered 15,576 households and 53,353 mouths. It governed seven counties. Pengchi, middle. Originally Dayin, renamed in Guangde 1, later abolished, and restored in Kaicheng 1. Liangshan, middle. Originally Angu and renamed in Tianbao 1, it was abolished into Pengchi in Baoli 1 and restored during the Dazhong era. Yilong, middle. In Wude 3 the county became the seat of Fang Prefecture. When the prefecture was abolished in year 8, it returned to Peng Prefecture. Fuyu, middle. Dangqu, lower-middle. Abolished into Pengshan in Baoli 1, it was restored during the Dazhong era. Pengshan, upper. Originally Xi'an, it was renamed in Zhide 2. Langchi. Middle rank. Split off from Xiangru in Guo Prefecture in Wude 4, it remained under Guo Prefecture until attached here in Baoying 1. It was abolished in Baoli 1 and restored in Kaicheng 2. Tong Prefecture, Tongchuan Commandery — superior. Local tribute: pongee, cotton, honey, wax, musk, maple incense, and white medicine fruit. It registered 40,743 households and 110,804 mouths. It governed nine counties. Tongchuan, upper. Silai County was established in Wude 2 and abolished into Tongchuan in Zhenguan 1. Yongmu, upper. Originally under Ba Prefecture. In Wude 2 Wan Prefecture was created from Yongmu and Guiren, with Nuoshui, Guangna, Taiping, and Hengfeng also established; Nuoshui was abolished in year 7. When Wan Prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 1, Guiren returned to Ba Prefecture, Guangna went to Bi Prefecture, Taiping and Hengfeng merged into Yongmu, and Yongmu was attached here. Sangang, middle. It was abolished in Baoli 1 and restored in Dazhong 5. Shigu, middle. It was abolished in Baoli 1 and restored in Dazhong 1. Dongxiang, middle. In Wude 3 Nanshi Prefecture was established, with Xiapu and Changle also created. When the prefecture was abolished in year 8, Changle merged into Shigu, Xiapu into Dongxiang, and Dongxiang was attached here. Xuanhan, lower-middle. In Wude 1 Nanjing Prefecture was established, with Dongguan County also split off. When Nanjing Prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 1, Dongguan was abolished and Xuanhan was attached here. It had salt and gold. Xinning, lower-middle. It was split off from Tongchuan in Wude 2. In Taihe 3 it was attached to Kai Prefecture and returned here in year 4. Baqu, middle. Split off from Shigu in Yongtai 1, it went to Kai Prefecture in Taihe 3 and returned here in year 4. Langying. Middle rank. It was established in Tianbao 9. Kai Prefecture, Shengshan Commandery — lower. Originally Wanshi Commandery, it was created in Yining 2 from Shengshan and Xinpu of Badong Commandery and Wanshi and Xiliu of Tongchuan Commandery, and renamed in Tianbao 1. Local tribute: white ramie cloth, oranges, and fenqian fruit. It registered 5,660 households and 30,421 mouths. It governed three counties. Kaijiang, upper. Originally Shengshan, it absorbed abolished Xiliu County in Zhenguan 1 and was renamed in Guangde 1. Xinpu, lower-middle. Wansui. Lower-middle rank. Originally Wanshi, renamed in Zhenguan 23, abolished in Baoli 1, and soon restored. It had salt. Ling Cave lay five li to the southeast and was opened by thunder in Zhenyuan 9. Lang Prefecture, Langzhong Commandery — superior. Originally Long Prefecture's Baxi Commandery, the prefecture was renamed in Xiantian 2 to avoid Emperor Xuanzong's personal name and the commandery in Tianbao 1. Local tribute: lotus damask, cotton, silk, pongee, and fine silk. It registered 29,588 households and 132,192 mouths. It governed nine counties. Langzhong, closely supervised. Originally Langnei, renamed in Wude 1 when Sigong County was also split off; Sigong was abolished in year 7. It had Lingshan. It had salt. Jin'an, middle. Originally Jincheng, it was renamed during Wude to avoid the former crown prince's personal name. Nanbu, upper. It had salt. Cangxi, lower-middle. It had Yuntai Mountain and Ziyang Mountain. Xishui, lower-middle. Fengguo, upper. Attached to Xiping Prefecture in Wude 7, it returned to Long Prefecture when that prefecture was abolished in Zhenguan 1. Xinjing, middle. It was split off from Nanbu and Jin'an in Wude 1. It had salt. Xinzheng, middle. Originally Xincheng, split off from Nanbu and Xiangru in Wude 4 and renamed to avoid the former crown prince's personal name. It had salt. Qiping. Middle rank. Originally under Li Prefecture and attached here in Kaiyuan 23, it was abolished into Fengguo and Cangxi in Baoli 1 and restored on Wang Jian's petition in the Tianfu era. Guo Prefecture, Nanchong Commandery — middle. Created in Wude 4 from Nanchong and Xiangru of Long Prefecture, it was renamed Chong Prefecture in Dali 6 and restored in year 10. Local tribute: silk and silk cloth. It registered 33,604 households and 89,225 mouths. It governed five counties. Nanchong, upper. It had salt. Xiangru, middle. It had salt. Liuxi, middle. It was split off from Nanchong in Kaiyao 1. Xichong, upper. It was split off from Nanchong in Wude 4. It had salt. Yuechi. Middle rank. It was split off from Nanchong and Xiangru in Wansui Tongtian 2. It had Longfusu Mountain. Qu Prefecture, Linshan Commandery — lower. Originally Dangqu Commandery, it was renamed in Tianbao 1. Local tribute: pongee, cotton, medicine fruit, and maiziben fruit. It registered 9,957 households and 26,524 mouths. It governed three counties. Liujiang, upper. Yixing was split off in Wude 1 and Bingcheng was also established; both were abolished in year 8. Qujiang, middle. Originally Bingcheng, called Shi'an in Wude 1 with Fengle also split off; Fengle was abolished in year 8. In Tianbao 1 it was renamed. Linshan. Lower-middle rank. Split off from Linshui in Wude 1, it became the seat of Lin Prefecture, with Yanquan and Qu Prefecture's Linshui and Dianjiang also attached. In year 3 Linshui was attached here. When Lin Prefecture was abolished in year 8, Dianjiang went to Zhong Prefecture and Linshan was attached here. In Jiushi 1 Dazhu was split off from Dangqu in Peng Prefecture and placed under Peng Prefecture. In Zhide 2 it was attached here. In Baoli 1 Linshui and Dazhu were abolished and merged into Linshan. It had iron.
3
西使 西 西 祿西西 西 西 西西 西西 西 西 西 西 宿西 西 西 西西西 西西 西西 使使 使使 使使 西 𪕅 使 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 調 西 西西 西 𣏌 西 西 西 西 祿 祿 西 祿 西 西 西西 西西 西 西西 漿 西西 西 西 西 西 西西西 西 滿 西 西 西西西 西西 西 西 西 西 𥐼 西 使 西 西 西 西西
The west circuit investigative commissioner was stationed at Liang Prefecture. Longyou Circuit covered the ancient Yong and Liang provinces and the Han commanderies of Tianshui, Wudu, Longxi, Jincheng, Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan, Dunhuang, and others, all in the Quèshǒu division. It comprised nineteen prefectures, two protectorate prefectures, and sixty counties. Its famous mountains were Qinling, Longqi, Niaoshu Tongxue, Zhuwei, Xiqing, Jishi, Heli, Kongtong, and Sanwei. Its great rivers were the Yellow River, Tao, Ruo, Qiang, and the Xiutu marshes. Its tax items: cloth and hemp. Its tribute items: gold dust, whetstone, birds and beasts, and hides and horns. From the An Lushan rebellion, lands west of the Yellow River and commanderies including Xiping, Wudu, Hechuan, and Huaidao fell to the Tibetans; Baoying 1 added Qin, Wei, Tao, and Lin; Guangde 1 He, Lan, Min, and Kuo; Zhenyuan 3 Anxi and Beiting — until Longyou's prefectures and counties were entirely lost. After the Dazhong era, as Tibet weakened, Qin and Wu prefectures gradually recovered former territory and officials were posted to guard it. In year 5 Zhang Yichao submitted eleven prefectures — Gua, Sha, Yi, Su, Shan, Gan, He, Xi, Lan, Min, and Kuo — but under the morally weak Emperors Xuanzong and Yizong the borders went unorganized and only nominal offices remained. Qin Prefecture, Tianshui Commandery — a middle-rank protector-general's office. Originally seated at Shanggui, it moved to Jingqin River in Chengji after an earthquake in Kaiyuan 22, returned to Shanggui in Tianbao 1, and moved back to Chengji in Dazhong 3. Local tribute: dragon-whisker mats and lovage. It registered 24,827 households and 109,740 mouths. It governed six counties. It had six garrisons: Chengji, Xiude, Qingde, Qingshui, Sandu, and Changchuan. Chengji, upper. It had silver, copper, and iron. Shanggui, upper. It had Bozhong Mountain. Fuqiang, middle. Originally Jicheng. Renamed in Wude 2, it became part of Fu Prefecture that year with Longxi from Wei Prefecture; when Fu Prefecture was abolished in year 8, the county returned to its former jurisdiction. Yanquan was split off in year 9, renamed Yibin in Zhenguan 1, and abolished in year 3. It had Shijiu Mountain and Zhuwei Mountain. Longcheng, lower. In Wude 2 the county became the seat of Wen Prefecture; when it was abolished in year 8, it was attached here. Changchuan was established in Zhenguan 3 and abolished into Longcheng in year 6. It had silver. Qingshui, lower. In Wude 4 the county became the seat of Gui Prefecture; when it was abolished in year 6, it was attached here. Qinling County also existed until it was abolished in Zhenguan 17. Recovered first in Dazhong 2, it was provisionally under Fengxiang Prefecture before being attached here in year 3. Dazhen Pass lay fifty li to the east. It had silver. Changdao. Lower-middle rank. Originally under Cheng Prefecture, it was abolished at the end of Tianbao, restored in Xiantong 13, and attached here. It had salt. He Prefecture, Anchang Commandery — lower. Originally Fuhan Commandery, it was renamed in Tianbao 1. Local tribute: musk. It registered 5,782 households and 36,086 mouths. It governed three counties. Zhenxi Army lay one hundred eighty li to the west, established in Kaiyuan 26. Tiancheng Army stood eighty li west on Suogong River and Zhenwei Army at Diaoke Fort one hundred-plus li west — both established in Tianbao 13. The Pingyi defense garrison town lay forty li southwest. Fuhan, lower-middle. It had Kelan Pass. Daxia, lower-middle. Abolished into Fuhan in Zhenguan 1, it was restored in year 5. Fenglin. Lower-middle rank. Originally Wu Prefecture, established in Zhenguan 7 and abolished in year 11, when Anchang County was restored here and renamed in Tianbao 1. Fenglin Pass and Jishi Mountain lay to the north. Wei Prefecture, Longxi Commandery — a middle-rank protector-general's office. Local tribute: dragon-whisker mats, musk, and large gentian. It registered 6,425 households and 24,520 mouths. It governed four counties. It had four garrisons. They were Weiyuan, Pingle, Linyuan, and Wannian. Xiangwu, upper. Longxi, upper. Zhang, lower. Renamed Wuyang in Tianshou 2, it recovered its original name in Shenlong 1. A salt well lay two li to the south. Weiyuan. Upper rank. In Shangyuan 2 of Emperor Gaozong it was renamed Shouyang, with a new Weiyuan County at the old site. In Yifeng 3 Shouyang was abolished and merged into Weiyuan. It had Niaoshu Tongxue Mountain, also called Qingque Mountain. Shan Prefecture, Xiping Commandery — a lower-rank protector-general's office. Local tribute: female rhinoceros horn. It registered 5,389 households and 27,019 mouths. It governed three counties. Anren Army lay west of Xingsu River. Weirong Army lay three hundred fifty li northwest. Suihe defense garrison town lay two hundred fifty li southwest. Hechuan defense garrison town lay one hundred eighty li south. Huangshui, middle. Longzhi, middle. When the prefecture fell to the Tibetans in Shangyuan 2 of Emperor Suzong, Longzhi and Shancheng were attached to He Prefecture. Shancheng. Middle rank. It was established in Yifeng 3. It had Tulou Mountain. It had Heyuan Army; sixty li west was Linfan Fort, another sixty li west Baishui Army and Suirong Fort, and another sixty li southwest Dingrong Fort. Seven li south across a stream stood Tianwei Army at old Shibao Fort, established as Zhenwu Army in Kaiyuan 17, lost in year 29, recovered and renamed in Tianbao 8. Twenty li farther west was Chiling; beyond lay Tibet, marked by a Kaiyuan-era boundary stele. From Zhenwu the route passed Yuchi River, Kuba Sea, and Wang Xiaojie's mile-post fence — ninety li to Moli Post. It continued through the Princess Buddha Hall and Dafei River — two hundred eighty li to Nalu Post on the Tuyuhun border. Continuing through Nuanquan and Liemo Sea — four hundred forty li across the Yellow River, then another four hundred seventy li to Zhonglong Post. Crossing the Xiyue River — two hundred ten li to the western border of Duomi State. Continuing through the Yak River and a rattan bridge — one hundred li to Lie Post. Continuing through Shitang, a Tibetan village, Jiezhi Bridge with two facing stone pillars, and Jiezhi River — four hundred forty li to Po Post. Crossing the Dayue River rope bridge and passing Tanchi and Yuchi — five hundred thirty li to Sinuo Post. Continuing through the Qiliangning Water bridge and Dasu Water bridge — three hundred twenty li to Gumang Post, where the princess always sent people to welcome Tang envoys. Continuing through Gumang Gorge for ten-plus li, with facing mountains, a small bridge, and three cascades pouring like a tipping jar amid mist — one hundred li to Yema Post. Continuing through Tibetan reclaimed fields and Leqiao Hot Springs — four hundred li to Gechuan Post. Continuing through Shuchen Sea — one hundred thirty li to Gabulan Post beside Sanluogu Mountain, where snow never melted. Another sixty li to Tulu Post, where the zanpu always sent envoys to welcome Tang missions. Continuing through Liugu Mangbuzhi Manor, with hot springs rising twenty zhang, steaming like clouds and hot enough to cook rice. Continuing through Tangluoyiyishan and the zanpu's sacrificial site — two hundred fifty li to Nongge Post. Luoxie lay southeast, two hundred li from Nongge; when Tang envoys arrived, the Tibetan chief minister always sent people to meet them here. Continuing through Salt Pond, Nuanquan, and Jiangbuling River — one hundred ten li across the Jiangji River, then through Tibetan reclaimed fields — two hundred sixty li to Cuge Post. Crossing the Zang River and passing the Buddha Hall — one hundred eighty li to Boling Post and the Honglu lodging at the zanpu's camp; Babo Sea lay to its southwest. Lan Prefecture, Jincheng Commandery — lower. The prefecture was named for Gaolan Mountain. Local tribute: alluvial gold, musk, and flying squirrels. It registered 2,889 households and 14,226 mouths. It governed two counties. It had two garrisons, Jincheng and Guangwu. It also had Yulin Army. Wuquan, lower. Renamed Jincheng in Xianheng 2 and restored in Tianbao 1. Jincheng Pass lay to the north. Jincheng. Lower rank. Originally Guangwu County, renamed in Qianyuan 2. Lin Prefecture, Didao Commandery — a lower-rank protector-general's office. In Tianbao 3 it was created from Didao County split off from Jincheng Commandery. It governed two counties. It had Lintao Army, established in Jiushi 1 and lost to the Tibetans in Baoying 1. Didao, lower. Changle. Lower rank. Originally Anle, established after Tianbao and renamed after Qianyuan. Jie Prefecture, Wudu Commandery — lower. Originally Wu Prefecture, abolished after falling to the Tibetans, restored as a provisional prefecture in Dali 2, its territory recovered in the Xiantong era, repaired by envoys in the Longji era, and renamed with its seat at Gaolan Fort in Jingfu 1. Local tribute: musk, honey, candles, pheasant tail feathers, and antelope horn. It registered 2,923 households and 15,313 mouths. It governed three counties. Jiangli, lower-middle. The prefecture also held Jianwei County until it was abolished into Jiangli in Zhenguan 1. Fujin, lower-middle. Originally Fujin, renamed in Jingfu 1. Pandi. Lower-middle rank. It was not re-established after falling to the Tibetans. Tao Prefecture, Lintao Commandery — lower. Originally seated at Meixiang, it moved to Lintan in Zhenguan 8. Abolished in Kaiyuan 17 with its county attached to Min Prefecture, it was restored in year 20 as Lin Prefecture and recovered its name in year 27. Local tribute: licorice and musk. It registered 2,700 households and 15,060 mouths. It governed one county. It had one garrison, Anxi. It had Momen Army, established in Yifeng 2. Shence Army stood eighty li west on Mochan River, established in Tianbao 13. Lintan. Middle rank. Originally Meixiang. In Zhenguan 4 the seat moved to Honghe Fort and Xu Prefecture was established at the old site. Lintan County was also established in year 5. When Xu Prefecture was abolished in year 8, Lintan was attached here, the prefecture moved its seat here, and relocated to Taoyang Fort. Boling was abolished in year 12 and Meixiang in the Tianbao era, both merging into Lintan. Guangen Fort lay one hundred sixty li to the west. It had Xiqing Mountain. Min Prefecture, Hezheng Commandery — lower. In Yining 2 it was created from Lintao and Hezheng split off from Lintao Commandery. Local tribute: dragon-whisker mats and licorice. It registered 4,325 households and 23,441 mouths. It governed three counties. It had three garrisons: Youchuan, Lintao, and Hezheng. Yile, lower-middle. Originally Lintao, renamed in Yining 2, with Dangyi split off in Zhenguan 2 and abolished in Shenlong 1. It had Min Mountain. Kongtong Mountain lay to the west. Youchuan, lower-middle. Originally Jicheng, established in Yining 2 and renamed in Xiantian 1. Hezheng. Middle rank. It had Kuobo Mountain. Kuo Prefecture, Ningsai Commandery — lower. Originally Jiaohe Commandery, renamed in Tianbao 1. Local tribute: alluvial gold, butter, rhubarb, frontier salt, and musk. It registered 4,261 households and 24,400 mouths. It governed three counties. Ningbian Army lay to the west, originally Ningsai Army. Weisheng Army stood at Wanyu Fort eighty li west. Jintian Army stood at Hongji Bridge one hundred forty li southwest and Wuning Army at Baigu Fort eighty li southeast. Yaowu Army stood at Heixia River two hundred li south. All were established in Tianbao 13. Guangwei, lower. Originally Hualong, called Huacheng in Xiantian 1 and renamed again in Tianbao 1. Dahua, lower. Jishi Army lay to the west, originally Jingbian Fort and made an army in Yifeng 2. Huangsha Garrison lay to the east. Michuan. Lower rank. Established in Zhenguan 5 as the seat of Mi Prefecture; when Mi Prefecture was abolished in year 10 it went to Hechuan. In Yonghui 6 it was attached here. Die Prefecture, Hechuan Commandery — lower. In Wude 2 it was created from Hechuan, Lechuan, and Diechuan split off from Tao Prefecture. Local tribute: musk. It registered 1,275 households and 7,674 mouths. It governed two counties. It had one garrison, Changli. Hechuan, lower. In Wude 5 Anhua and Hetong were established for Tangut households and soon abolished. In Zhenguan 2 Lechuan and Diechuan were abolished and merged into it. It had Weilong Mountain. Changfen. Lower rank. In Wude 1 the county became the seat of Fang Prefecture, with Danling County also established. In year 4 Danling was attached to Tao Prefecture. In Zhenguan 2 Hengxiang was established at Hengxiang Garrison and Danling returned to Fang Prefecture. It fell to the Tibetans in Shangyuan 2 of Emperor Gaozong; when Fang Prefecture was abolished in Shenlong 1, Danling and Hengxiang were abolished and Changfen was attached here. Dang Prefecture, Huaidao Commandery — lower. Originally Dangchang Commandery, renamed in Tianbao 1. Local tribute: alluvial gold, scattered gold, and musk. It registered 1,190 households and 7,199 mouths. It governed two counties. It had two garrisons, Tonggui and Changji. Huaidao, lower. In Zhenguan 3 Herong County was abolished and merged into it. Sudong Garrison lay one hundred eighty-three li to the west. It had Tongjun Mountain. Lianggong. Lower rank. In Zhenguan 1 Tanshui from Cheng Prefecture was attached here and later merged into Lianggong. Liang Prefecture, Wuwei Commandery — a middle-rank protector-general's office. Local tribute: white ramie, dragon-whisker mats, rugs, wild-horse hide, and lovage. It registered 22,462 households and 120,281 mouths. It governed five counties. It had six garrisons: Mingwei, Hongchi, Fanhe, Wu'an, Lishui, and Guzang. It also had Chishui Army, originally Chiwu Fort named for Chiqing Spring, with a jurisdiction of 5,180 li — the largest army. Dadou Army lay two hundred li west, originally Chishui defense garrison and made an army in Kaiyuan 16, named for Dadouba Valley. Wucheng defense garrison lay two hundred li southeast. Zhangye defense garrison lay two hundred li south. Jiaocheng defense garrison lay two hundred li west. Baiting Army lay five hundred li northwest, originally Baiting defense garrison and made an army in Tianbao 14. Guzang, lower-middle. Mingwei Garrison lay one hundred eighty li north. Wu'an Garrison lay one hundred sixty li northwest. It had Wuxing Salt Pond and Daimei Salt Pond. Shenwu, lower. Established in Wude 3, abolished in Zhenguan 1, restored as Wuwei in Zongzhang 1, and given back its original name in Shenlong 1. Changsong, middle. Baishan Garrison lay one hundred fifty li northeast. Tianbao, lower-middle. Originally Fanhe, seat of Xiong Prefecture in Xianheng 1 until abolished in Tiaolu 1; renamed in Tianbao 3 for a mountain spring. It had Tonghua Fort. It had Yanzhi Mountain. Jialin. Established at old Luanniao in Shenlong 2, abolished in Jinglong 1, and restored in Xiantian 2. Sha Prefecture, Dunhuang Commandery — a lower-rank protector-general's office. Originally Gua Prefecture, called Xisha Prefecture in Wude 5 and Sha Prefecture in Zhenguan 7. Local tribute: go stones, yellow alum, and gypsum. It registered 4,265 households and 16,250 mouths. It governed two counties. It had three garrisons: Longle, Xiaogu, and Xuanquan. It had Doulu Army, established in Shenlong 1. Dunhuang, lower. A salt pond lay forty-seven li to the east. It had Sanwei Mountain. Shouchang. Lower rank. Split off from Dunhuang in Wude 2, abolished in Yonghui 1, restored in Qianfeng 2, abolished again in Kaiyuan 26, later restored at the Han Longle Fort. Yang Pass lay to the west and Yumen Pass to the northwest. It had Yunyun Mountain. Gua Prefecture, Jinchang Commandery — a lower-rank protector-general's office. In Wude 5 it was created from Changle split off from Sha Prefecture. Local tribute: wild-horse hide, tight girths, fermented beans, yellow alum, red alum, and hutong wood. It registered 477 households and 4,987 mouths. It governed two counties. It had one garrison, Dahuang. Moli Army lay one thousand li northwest. Jinchang, lower-middle. Originally Changle, renamed in Wude 4. Hehe Fort lay northeast, Baizhang defense garrison one hundred twenty li farther, Baowenshan defense garrison one hundred fifty li east, and Ningkou Army seven li beyond, joining the Gan Prefecture route. Changle. Lower-middle rank. It was separately established in Wude 5. It had Bahedi Mountain. Gan Prefecture, Zhangye Commandery — lower. Local tribute: musk, wild-horse hide, winter pears, and gouqi fruit and leaves. It registered 6,284 households and 22,092 mouths. It governed two counties. Jiankang Army stood one hundred ninety li northwest north of Qilian Mountain, established by Wang Xiaojie in Zhengsheng 1 because Gan and Su prefectures were too far apart. Liaoshui defense garrison town lay one hundred twenty li west. Zhangye, upper. It had Qilian Mountain and Heli Mountain. A salt pond lay nine hundred li north. Gongzhuo Post lay to the west. Shandan. Lower-middle rank. Crossing the Zhangye River north and exiting Heli Mountain gorge northwest, then following the river's east bank northeast for one thousand li, stood Ningkou Army, formerly Tongcheng defense garrison and made an army in Tianbao 2. Northeast of the army lay Juyan Sea; Huamen Mountain Fort three hundred li north; and the Uyghur headquarters one thousand li northeast. Su Prefecture, Jiuquan Commandery — lower. In Wude 2 it was created from Fulu of Gan Prefecture and Yumen of Gua Prefecture. Local tribute: alluvial gold, wild-horse hide, cistanche, and baimo root. It registered 2,230 households and 8,476 mouths. It governed three counties. It had Jiuquan and Weiyuan defense garrison towns. Jiuquan, lower-middle. Originally Fulu, renamed at the beginning of Tang. The Xingsheng Emperor's tomb lay fifteen li west; Dongting Mountain, which produced gold, seventy li away. It had Kunlun Mountain. Fulu, lower. It was separately established in Wude 2. Qilian Garrison lay one hundred twenty li southeast. A salt pond lay eighty li northeast. Yumen. Lower-middle rank. It was abolished in Zhenguan 1 and later restored. In the Kaiyuan era it fell to the Tibetans and Yumen Army was established on its site. In Tianbao 14 the army was abolished and converted to a county. Dudeng Mountain lay to the north and produced salt supplied as tribute. It had Shenyu Mountain. Yi Prefecture, Yiwu Commandery — lower. Originally Western Yi Prefecture, renamed in Zhenguan 6. Local tribute: fragrant jujubes, dark ivory horn, and hutong wood. It registered 2,467 households and 10,157 mouths. It governed three counties. Yi Army lay three hundred li northwest at Ganlu River and was established in Jinglong 4. Yiwu, lower. Established in Zhenguan 4 with Rouyuan County; Rouyuan was abolished and merged here in Shengong 1. It lay outside the great desert, eight hundred li south of Yumen Pass and two thousand seven hundred thirty li east of Yang Pass. It had Zheluo Mountain, also known as Heavenly Mountain. Saline Pool Sea lay two li south. Nazhi, lower. Established in Zhenguan 4 at the old Shanshan city, abolished in Kaiyuan 6, and restored in Kaiyuan 15. Luzhi Salt Pond lay sixty li south. From the county west through Du Spring, Donghua, and Xihua Camel Spring, crossing Ciji Water and passing Divine Spring, Luohu defense garrison lay three hundred ninety li away; Continuing southwest through Dafei Grass Mound, Chiting defense garrison lay one hundred ninety li away, joining the Yi West route. Separately from Luohu defense garrison northwest up Fanlu Ridge, Red Valley lay one hundred twenty li away; Exiting the valley mouth through Chang Spring and Dragon Spring, Dushan defense garrison lay one hundred eighty li away; Continuing via Pulei, Beiting Protectorate General lay one hundred sixty li away. Rouyuan. Rank: lower. Xi Prefecture, Jiaohe Commandery — a middle-rank protector-general's office. In Zhenguan 14 Gaochang was pacified and the prefecture was established on its territory. In the Kaiyuan era it was called Jinshan Protectorate Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it became a commandery. Local tribute: silk, felt cloth, rugs, wild honey, and dried grape wine syrup. It registered 19,016 households and 49,476 mouths. It governed five counties. It had Tianshan Army, established in Kaiyuan 2. From the prefecture southwest were Nanping and Anchang; one hundred twenty li farther the route entered Heavenly Mountain southwest, crossed Leishi Desert, reached Yinshan Desert two hundred twenty li on, and Luguang Station on the Yanqi boundary forty li beyond. Continuing through Panshi for one hundred li was Zhang Sancheng defense garrison. Continuing southwest one hundred forty-five li through Xincheng Station, crossing Dan River, to Yanqi garrison city. Qianting, lower; originally Gaochang, renamed in Baoying 1. Liuzhong, lower. Jiaohe, lower-middle. From the county north eighty li was Longquan Station; entering the valley north another one hundred thirty li, through Willow Valley, crossing Jinsha Ridge, one hundred sixty li farther, passing Shihui Han Garrison, to Beiting Protectorate General city. Puchang, middle. Originally subordinate to Ting Prefecture, it later came under this prefecture. To the west were Qitun City and Nuzhi City; it had Shicheng Fort and Boxian Fort. Tianshan. Rank: lower. It had Heavenly Mountain. Beiting Metropolitan Protectorate General — originally Ting Prefecture; in Zhenguan 14 Gaochang was pacified and it was established from the Western Turk Nivoshabo Liye protector Ashina Helu's tribe, with Puchang County also established; soon abolished, restored in Xianqing 3, and made Beiting Protectorate General in Chang'an 2. Local tribute: dark ivory horn, suhuo horn, and asafetida root sections. It registered 2,226 households and 9,964 mouths. It governed four counties. It had Hanhai Army, originally Zhulong Army, established in Chang'an 2 and renamed in year 3; in the Kaiyuan era Gai Jiayun expanded its fortifications. Qinghai Army lay seven hundred li west, originally Qinghai Fort and made an army in the Tianbao era. Shenshan Fort lay to the south. From Ting Prefecture west of Yanxi City, Shabo City defense garrison lay sixty li away, with Fengluo defense garrison beyond; Yele City defense garrison eighty li farther, Juliu City defense garrison eighty li beyond that, Luntai County one hundred li on, Zhangbao City defense garrison one hundred fifty li farther; crossing the Liyidejian River, Wuzai defense garrison lay seventy li away; crossing the White Poplar River, Qingzhen Army City seventy li on; crossing the Yeye River, Yehe defense garrison seventy li farther; crossing the Black Water, Heishui defense garrison seventy li on; Donglin defense garrison seventy li beyond, and Xilin defense garrison seventy li farther. Continuing through Yellow Grass Marsh, the great desert, and small desert, crossing Shipi River and Che Ridge to Gongyue City. Passing Sihun River and Zheshimi City, crossing Yili River — also called Didi River — to the Suyab boundary. Continuing west one thousand li to Suyab City, all waters flowed north into the desert and into Yibohai. Jinman, lower. Luntai, lower. It had Jingsai Army, established in Dali 6. Houting, lower. Originally Pulei, subordinate to Xi Prefecture, it later came under this prefecture and was renamed in Baoying 1. It had Pulei, Haozhe, and Xianquan forts and Teluo Fort. Xihai. Rank: lower. It was established in Baoying 1. Anxi Metropolitan Protectorate General — initially administered from Xi Prefecture. In Xianqing 2 Helu was pacified; his territory was divided to establish Mengchi and Kunling protectorates, tribal groups were arranged into prefectures and counties west to Persia, all subordinate to Anxi, and the seat moved to the old Gaochang site. In year 3 the seat moved to Kucha Protectorate Prefecture, and the former headquarters again became Xi Prefecture. In Xianhe 1 the Tibetans captured the protectorate general's headquarters. In Changshou 2 the four Anxi garrisons were recovered. In the first year of Zhide it was renamed Zhenxi. Later it was again called Anxi. Local tribute: natron, crimson felt, and pistachio kernels. Once the Tibetans had invaded the He and Long regions, only Li Yuanzhong held Beiting and Guo Xin held Anxi, relying on the Shatuo and Uyghurs; the Tibetans besieged them for a long time without success. In Jianzhong 2 Yuanzhong and Xin sent envoys by concealed routes to memorialize the throne; each was appointed metropolitan protector and also made military commissioner. In Zhenyuan 3 the Tibetans attacked the Shatuo and Uyghurs; Beiting and Anxi had no reinforcements and finally fell. It had Baoda Army, garrisoned at Suyab City. On the eastern border of Khotan were Lan City and Kan City, two defense garrison towns. To the west was Congling defense garrison town; it had Hunu, Gucheng, and Jiliang forts. Qiemo Fort lay to the east. Pishan Fort lay to the southwest. West of Yanqi were Yushu, Yulin, Longquan, Dongyipi, Xiyipi, and Chian — six defense garrison towns.
4
使
The Longyou circuit investigative commissioner was stationed at Shan Prefecture.
5
0.85em|columns=2
Collation notes for this chapter.
← Previous Chapter
Back to Chapters
Next Chapter →