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嶺南道,蓋古揚州之南境,漢南海、鬱林、蒼梧、珠崖、儋耳、交趾、合浦、九真、日南等郡。 韶、廣、康、端、封、梧、藤、羅、雷、崖以東為星紀分,桂、柳、鬱林、富、昭、蒙、龔、繡、容、白、羅而西及安南為鶉尾分。 為州七十有三,都護府一,縣三百一十四。 其名山:黃嶺、靈洲。 其大川:桂、鬱。 厥賦:蕉、紵、落麻、厥貢:金、銀、孔翠、犀、象、綵藤、竹布。 廣州南海郡,中都督府。 土貢:銀、藤簟、竹席、荔支、鼊皮、鼈甲、蚺蛇膽、石斛、沈香、甲香、詹糖香。 戶四萬二千二百三十五,口二十二萬一千五百。 縣十三。 有府二,曰綏南、番禺。 有經略軍,屯門鎮兵。 南海,上。 有南海祠。 山峻水深,民不井汲,都督劉巨麟始鑿井四。 有牛鼻鎮兵。 有赤岸、紫石二戍。 有靈洲山,在鬱水中。 番禺,上。 增城,中。 四會,中。 武德五年以四會、化蒙二縣置南綏州,幷析置新招、化注、化穆三縣。 貞觀元年省新招、化注,以廢威州之懷集、廢齊州之洊安隸之。 八年更名湞州。 十三年州廢,省化穆,以四會、化蒙、懷集、洊安來屬。 化蒙,中。 有鉛穴一。 懷集,中。 武德五年置威州,幷析置興平、霍清、威成三縣。 貞觀元年州廢,省興平、霍清、威成入懷集。 開元二年省永固縣入焉。 有驃山,有鐵。 洊水,中。 本洊安,武德五年置齊州,幷析置宣樂、宋昌二縣。 貞觀元年州廢,省宣樂、宋昌入洊安。 至德二載更名。 東莞,中。 本寶安,至德二載更名。 有鹽。 有黃嶺山。 清遠,中。 武德六年省政賓縣入焉。 浛洭,中。 武德五年以浛洭、真陽二縣置洭州,幷析置翁源縣。 貞觀元年州廢,以翁源隸韶州,浛洭、真陽來屬。 湞陽,中。 本真陽,貞觀元年更名。 有鐵。 西南有洭浦故關。 新會,中。 武德四年,以南海郡之新會、義寧二縣置岡州新會郡,以地有金岡以名州,幷析置封平、封樂二縣。 貞觀十三年州廢,省封平、封樂,以新會、義寧來屬。 是年,復以新會、義寧置岡州,又析義寧置封樂縣。 後省封樂。 開元二十三年州廢,以新會、義寧復來屬。 有鹽。 義寧。 中。 韶州始興郡,下。 本番州,武德四年析廣州之曲江、始興、樂昌、翁源置。 尋更名東衡州,貞觀元年又更名。 土貢:竹布、鍾乳、石斛。 戶三萬一千,口十六萬八千九百四十八。 縣六。 曲江,上。 武德四年置臨瀧、良化二縣,貞觀八年省。 始興,下。 有大庾嶺新路,開元十七年,詔張九齡開。 東北有安遠鎮兵。 樂昌,下。 翁源,下。 仁化,下。 本隸廣州,垂拱四年析曲江置,後來屬。 湞昌。 下。 光宅元年析始興置。 循州海豐郡,下。 本龍川郡,天寶元年更名。 土貢:布,五色藤盤、鏡匣,蚺蛇膽,甲煎,鮫革,荃臺,綬草。 戶九千五百二十五。 縣六。 歸善,中下。 貞觀元年省龍川縣入焉。 博羅,中下。 貞觀元年省羅陽縣入焉。 河源,中下。 武德五年析置石城縣,貞觀元年省。 海豐,中下。 武德五年析置陸安縣,貞觀元年省。 興寧,貞觀元年省齊昌縣入焉。 雷鄉。 中下。 天授二年置。 潮州潮陽郡,下。 本義安郡。 土貢:蕉、鮫革、甲香、蚺蛇膽、龜、石井、銀石、水馬。 戶四千四百二十,口二萬六千七百四十五。 縣三。 海陽,中下。 有鹽。 潮陽,中下。 永徽初省,先天初復置。 程鄉。 中下。 康州晉康郡,下。 本南康州,武德六年析端州之端溪置,九年州廢。 貞觀元年復置,十一年又廢,十二年復置,更名康州。 土貢:金、銀。 戶萬五百一十,口萬七千二百一十九。 縣四。 端溪,下。 武德五年析端州之博林置撫納縣,後省。 晉康,下。 本遂安,至德二載更名。 悅城,下。 本樂城,隸端州,武德五年來屬,後更名。 都城。 下。 瀧州開陽郡,下。 本永熙郡,天寶元年更名。 土貢:銀、石斛。 戶三千六百二十七,口九千四百三十九。 縣四。 瀧水,下。 武德四年析置正義縣,幷領懷德縣。 後省正義,以懷德隸竇州。 開陽,下。 武德四年析瀧水置。 鎮南,下。 本安南,武德四年置南建州,以永熙郡之安遂、永熙、永業三縣隸之。 五年析瀧水置安南縣。 貞觀八年更南建州曰藥州。 十八年州廢,省安遂、永業,以永寧、安南來屬。 至德二載更名。 建水。 下。 本永熙,武德五年曰永寧,天寶元年復更名,以建水在西也。 端州高要郡,下。 本信安郡,天寶元年更名。 土貢:銀、柑。 戶九千五百,口二萬一千一百二十。 縣二。 高要,下。 貞觀十三年省博林縣入焉。 東有青岐鎮。 平興。 下。 武德七年析置清泰縣,貞觀十三年省。 新州新興郡,下。 本新昌郡,武德四年以端州之新興置。 土貢:金、銀、蕉。 戶九千五百。 縣二。 新興,下。 武德四年析置索盧、新昌、單牒、永順四縣。 後省新昌、單牒,乾元後又省索盧。 永順。 下。 封州臨封郡,下。 本廣信郡,天寶元年更名。 土貢:銀、鮫革、石斛。 戶三千九百,口萬一千八百二十七。 縣二。 封川,下。 武德四年析置封興縣,後省。 開建,下。 武德四年置。 潘州南潘郡,下。 本南宕州南巴郡,武德四年以合浦郡之南昌、定川置。 本治南昌,貞觀元年徙治定川,八年更名,後徙治茂名。 後廢,地入高州。 永徽元年復以茂名、南巴、毛山三縣置。 土貢:銀。 戶四千三百,口八千九百六十七。 縣三。 茂名,下。 本隸高州,以茂名水名,貞觀元年來屬。 潘水,下。 武德五年置,以潘水名,又析南昌、定川置陸川、思城、溫水、宕川四縣。 貞觀八年省思成,後以定川、宕川隸牢州,陸川、溫水隸禺州,後省南昌。 二十三年析潘水置毛山縣,以毛山名。 其後省潘水縣。 開元二年改毛山曰潘水。 南有博畔鎮。 南巴。 下。 本隸高州,武德五年置,永徽元年來屬。 春州南陵郡,下。 本陽春郡,武德四年以高涼郡之陽春置,天寶元年更郡名。 土貢:銀、鍾乳、石斛。 戶萬一千二百一十八。 縣二。 陽春,下。 武德四年幷置流南縣,五年又置西城縣,後皆省。 有鉛。 羅水。 下。 天寶後置。 勤州雲浮郡,下。 本銅陵郡,武德四年析春州置,五年州廢。 萬歲通天二年復置,長安中復廢。 開元十八年平春、瀧等州,首領陳行範餘黨保銅陵北山,廣州都督耿仁忠奏復置州,治富林洞,因以為縣。 乾元元年徙治銅陵。 土貢:金、銀、石斛。 戶六百八十二,口千九百三十三。 縣二。 銅陵,下。 本隸端州,武德五年隸春州,後來屬。 有銅。 富林。 下。 武德四年析銅陵置。 州廢,隸春州,後縣亦廢,乾元元年復置。 羅州招義郡,下。 本石城郡,武德五年以高涼郡之石龍、吳川置,六年徙治石城。 土貢:銀、孔雀、鸚鵡。 戶五千四百六十,口八千四十一。 縣四。 廉江,下。 本石城,以石城水名。 武德五年,析石龍、吳川置南河、石城、招義、零綠、石龍、陵羅、龍化、羅辯、慈廉、羅肥十縣。 後以石龍而下六縣隸南石州。 天寶元年更名。 大曆八年以南河隸順州。 吳川,下。 幹水,下。 本石龍,武德五年曰招義,天寶元年更名,以幹水名。 零綠。 下。 以零綠水名。 辯州陵水郡,下。 本南石州石龍郡,武德六年,以羅州之石龍、陵羅、龍化、羅辯、慈廉、羅肥置。 貞觀九年更名。 天祐元年,朱全忠以「辯」「汴」聲近,表更名勳州。 土貢:銀、竹鞵。 戶四千八百五十八,口萬六千二百九。 縣二。 石龍,下。 貞觀元年省慈廉、羅肥二縣入焉。 陵羅。 下。 高州高涼郡,下。 武德六年分廣州之電白、連江置。 本治高涼,貞觀二十三年徙治良德,大曆十一年徙治電白。 土貢:銀、蚺蛇膽。 戶萬二千四百。 縣三。 電白,下。 良德,下。 本隸瀧州,武德中來屬。 保寧。 下。 本連江,開元五年曰保安,至德二載更名。 恩州恩平郡,下。 本齊安郡,貞觀二十三年以高州之西平、齊安、杜陵置。 大順二年徙治恩平。 土貢:金、銀。 戶九千。 縣三。 有清海軍。 恩平,下。 本海安,武德五年曰齊安,至德二載更名。 有西平縣,本高涼,亦武德五年更名,後省。 杜陵,下。 本杜原,武德五年更名。 陽江。 下。 有銀。 雷州海康郡,下。 本南合州徐聞郡,武德四年以合浦郡之海康、隋康、鐵杷置。 貞觀元年更名東合州,八年又更名。 土貢:絲電、班竹、孔雀。 戶四千三百二十,口二萬五百七十二。 縣三。 海康,中。 遂溪,下。 本鐵杷、椹川二縣,後併省,更名。 徐聞。 下。 本隋康,貞觀二年更名。 崖州珠崖郡,下。 土貢:金、銀、珠、玳瑁、高良薑。 戶八百一十九。 縣三。 舍城,下,以舍城水名。 西南有勤連鎮兵。 有顏城縣,本顏盧,貞觀元年更名,開元後省。 澄邁,下。 文昌。 下。 本平昌,武德五年置,貞觀元年更名。 瓊州瓊山郡,下都督府。 貞觀五年以崖州之瓊山置。 自乾封後沒山洞蠻,貞元五年,嶺南節度使李復討復之。 土貢:金。 戶六百四十九。 縣五。 瓊山,下。 貞觀十三年析置曾口、顏羅、容瓊三縣。 貞元七年省容瓊。 有鹽。 臨高,下。 本臨機,隸崖州,貞觀五年來屬,州沒隸崖州。 開元元年更名。 曾口,下。 樂會,下。 顯慶五年置。 顏羅。 下。 振州延德郡,下。 本臨振郡,又曰寧遠郡,天寶元年更名。 土貢:金、五色藤盤、班布、食單。 戶八百一十九,口二千八百二十一。 縣五。 寧遠,下。 以寧遠水名。 有鹽。 延德,下。 以延德水名。 吉陽,下。 貞觀二年析延德置。 臨川,下。 落屯。 下。 天寶後置。 儋州昌化郡,下。 本儋耳郡,隋珠崖郡治,天寶元年更名。 土貢:金、糖香。 戶三千三百九縣五。 義倫,下。 有鹽。 昌化,下。 貞觀元年析置吉安縣,乾元後省。 感恩,下。 洛場,下。 乾元後置。 富羅。 下。 本毗善,武德五年更名。 萬安州萬安郡,下。 龍朔二年以崖州之萬安置。 開元九年徙治陵水。 至德二載更名萬全郡。 貞元元年復治萬全,後復故名。 土貢:金、銀。 戶二千九百九十七。 縣四。 萬安,下。 本隸瓊州,貞觀五年析文昌置,幷置富雲、博遼二縣。 十三年隸崖州,後來屬。 至德二載曰萬全,後復故名。 陵水,下。 本隸振州,後來屬。 富雲,下。 博遼。 下。 邕州朗寧郡,下都督府。 本南晉州,武德四年以隋鬱林郡之宣化置,貞觀八年更名。 土貢:金、銀。 有金坑。 戶二千八百九十三,口七千三百二。 縣七。 有經略軍。 宣化,中下。 武德五年析置武緣、晉興、朗寧、橫山四縣。 乾元後省橫山。 鬱水自蠻境七源州流出,州民常苦之,景雲中,司馬呂仁引渠分流以殺水勢,自是無沒溺之害,民乃夾水而居。 武緣,中下。 西有都稜鎮。 晉興,中下。 朗寧,中下。 思籠,中下。 乾元後開山洞置。 如和,中下。 本隸欽州,武德五年析南賓、安京置,景龍二年來屬。 封陵。 中下。 乾元後開山洞置。 澄州賀水郡,下。 本南方州,武德四年以鬱林郡之嶺方地置,貞觀八年更名。 土貢:金、銀。 戶千三百六十八,口八千五百八十。 縣四。 上林,下。 武德四年,析嶺方縣地置無虞、琅邪、思干、上林、止戈五縣。 無虞,下。 止戈,下。 賀水。 下。 本隸柳州,武德四年析馬平置,八年來屬。 賓州嶺方郡,下。 本安城郡,貞觀五年,析南方州之嶺方、思干、琅邪,南尹州之安城置。 至德二載更名。 土貢:藤器。 戶千九百七十六。 口八千五百八十。 縣三。 嶺方,中下。 貞觀十二年省思干縣。 琅邪,中下。 保城。 中下。 本安城,至德二載更名。 橫州寧浦郡,下。 本簡州,武德四年以鬱林郡之寧浦、樂山置。 六年曰南簡州,貞觀八年更名。 土貢:金、銀。 戶千九百七十八,口八千三百四十二。 縣三。 寧浦,中下。 武德四年析置蒙澤縣。 五年以貴州之嶺山來屬。 貞觀十二年省蒙澤入焉,後又省嶺山。 從化,中下。 本淳風,武德四年析寧浦置,永貞元年更名。 樂山。 下。 潯州潯江郡,下。 貞觀七年以鷰州之桂平、大賓置。 十三年州廢,縣隸龔州,後復置。 土貢:金、銀。 戶二千五百,口六千八百三十六。 縣三。 桂平,下。 本隸貴州,武德五年隸鷰州。 七年置陵江縣,十二年省入焉。 皇化,下。 本隸繡州,貞觀七年來屬。 大賓。 下。 巒州永定郡,下。 本淳州,武德四年以故秦桂林郡地置,永貞元年更名。 土貢:金、銀。 戶七百七十,口三千八百三。 縣三。 永定,下。 武羅,下。 靈竹。 下。 欽州寧越郡。 土貢:金、銀、翠羽、高良薑。 戶二千七百,口萬一百四十六。 縣五。 欽江,下。 東南有西零戍。 保京,下。 本安京,至德二載更名。 內亭,下。 武德五年以內亭、遵化二縣置南亭州。 貞觀二年州廢,二縣來屬。 遵化,中下。 靈山。 下。 本南賓,貞觀十年更名。 貴州懷澤郡,下。 本南定州鬱林郡,武德四年曰南尹州,貞觀八年曰貴州,天寶元年更郡名。 土貢:金、銀、鉛器、紵布。 戶三千二十六,口九千三百。 縣四。 有府一,曰龍山。 鬱林,中下。 懷澤,下。 武德四年置。 潮水,下。 武德四年析鬱林置。 義山。 下。 武德四年更馬嶺縣曰馬度。 貞觀後省,天寶後更置,曰義山。 龔州臨江郡,下。 貞觀七年,以鷰州故治,析潯州之武林、鷰州之泰川置,後徙治平南。 土貢:銀。 戶九千,口二萬一千。 縣五。 平南,下。 貞觀七年置,又置西平、歸政、大同三縣。 十二年省泰川入平南,又省歸政、西平。 武林,下。 本隸藤州,武德七年來屬。 隋建,下。 本隸藤州,貞觀十三年來屬。 大同,下。 陽川。 下。 本陽建,後更名。 象州象郡,下。 本桂林郡,武德四年以始安郡之陽壽、桂林置,以象山為州名。 貞觀十三年徙治武化,大曆十一年復治陽壽。 土貢:銀、藤器。 戶五千五百,口萬八百九十。 縣三。 陽壽,下。 武德四年析桂林置武德、西寧、武仙三縣。 貞觀十二年省西寧入武德,天寶元年省武德入陽壽。 武仙,下。 乾封元年省桂林縣入焉。 武化。 下。 武德四年析桂州之建陵置,本隸封州,後隸晏州; 又析陽壽置長風縣,隸晏州。 州廢,縣皆來屬。 大曆十一年省長風入焉。 藤州感義郡,下。 本永平郡,天寶元年更名。 土貢:銀。 戶三千九百八十。 縣四。 鐔津,中下。 初州治永平,無鐔津,又有隋安、賀川、寧人等縣,皆貞觀後省併更置,而寧人隸容州,永平隸昭州。 有鉛。 感義,下。 本淳民,武德中更名。 義昌,下。 本安昌,至德二載更名。 寧風。 下。 武德五年以縣置鷰州,以貴州之桂平隸之。 貞觀三年又以藤州之大賓隸之,增領長恭、泰川、池陽、龍陽四縣,治長恭,五年置新樂、寧風、梁石、羅風四縣。 七年更名泰州,徙治寧風,更池陽曰承恩,復以藤州之安基隸之; 以梁石、羅風隸藤州; 省長恭縣。 八年徙治安基,復為鷰州。 十二年省龍陽、承恩二縣。 十八年州廢,以寧風來屬。 後省新樂、安基、梁石、羅風。 巖州常樂郡,下。 調露二年析橫、貴二州置,以巖岡之北因為名。 天寶元年曰安樂郡,至德二載更名。 土貢:金。 戶千一百一十。 縣四。 常樂,下。 本安樂,蕭銑分興德縣置。 貞觀元年省,乾封元年復置,隸鬱林州,永隆元年來屬。 至德二載更名。 恩封,下。 本伏龍洞,當牢、白二州之境,調露二年與高城、石巖同置。 高城,下。 以高城水名。 石巖。 下。 宜州龍水郡,下。 唐開置,本粵州,乾封中更名。 有銀、丹沙。 戶千二百二十,口三千二百三十。 縣四。 龍水,下。 崖山,下。 東璽,下。 天河。 下。
The Lingnan Circuit covered what had been the southern borderlands of ancient Yangzhou, corresponding to the Han-era commanderies of Nanhai, Yulin, Cangwu, Zhuya, Dan'er, Jiaozhi, Hepu, Jiuzhen, Rinan, and the like. East of Shao, Guang, Kang, Duan, Feng, Wu, Teng, Luo, Lei, and Ya lay the Xingji zodiacal division; Gui, Liu, Yulin, Fu, Zhao, Meng, Gong, Xiu, Rong, Bai, Luo to the west and Annam fell within the Chunwei division. The circuit comprised seventy-three prefectures, one protectorate-general, and three hundred fourteen counties. Notable mountains included Huangling and Lingzhou. The principal rivers were the Gui and Yu. Tax payments included plantain fiber, ramie, and hemp; tribute items comprised gold, silver, kingfisher plumes, rhinoceros horn, ivory, dyed rattan, and bamboo cloth. Guang Prefecture (Guangzhou), Nanhai Commandery: a mid-level area military command prefecture. Tribute from the region included silver, rattan mats, bamboo mats, litchi, softshell-turtle hide, turtle shell, python gall, dendrobium, agarwood, shell incense, sandalwood sugar. It registered 42,235 households and 221,500 persons. It governed thirteen counties. It maintained 2 garrison commands: Sui'nan and Panyu. Garrison troops were stationed at Pacification Army,Tunmen. Nanhai was rated upper grade. The locality produced nanhai shrine. Steep mountains and deep waters kept the people from well water until Area Commander Liu Julin first sank four wells. Garrison troops were stationed at Niubi. Chi'an and Zishi maintained two posts. Lingzhou Mountain lay within the Yu River. Panyu was rated upper grade. Zengcheng was rated middle grade. Sihui was rated middle grade. In 622, the fifth year of Wude, using Sihui, Huameng two counties to establish Nan Sui Prefecture; and concurrently carved out Xinzhao, Huazhu, Huamu three counties. 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reign, xinzhao, Huazhu was abolished; using Huaiji, Jian'anwere placed under it from abolished Wei Prefecture of abolished Qi Prefecture. In the eighth year, renamed Zhen Prefecture, as recorded in the treatise. In the thirteenth year, the prefecture was abolished; huamu was abolished; sihui, Huameng, Huaiji, Jian'an was transferred here. Huameng was rated middle grade. One lead mine lay within the county. Huaiji was rated middle grade. In 622, the fifth year of Wude, established Wei Prefecture; and concurrently carved out Xingping, Huoqing, Weicheng three counties. 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reign, the prefecture was abolished; xingping, Huoqing, Weicheng entered Huaiji was abolished. In 714, the second year of Kaiyuan, yonggu County was merged into it was abolished. Mount Piaoshan stood there, and the locality also had iron. Jianshui was rated middle grade. Formerly Jian'an; in 622, the fifth year of Wudeestablished Qi Prefecture; and concurrently carved out Xuanle, Songchang two counties. 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reign, the prefecture was abolished; xuanle, Songchang entered Jian'an was abolished. In 757, the second year of Zhide, renamed. Dongguan was rated middle grade. Formerly Bao'an; in 757, the second year of Zhiderenamed. The locality produced salt. Mount Huangling Mountain lay in the locality. Qingyuan was rated middle grade. In 623, the sixth year of Wude, zhengpin County was merged into it was abolished. Hanheng was rated middle grade. In 622, the fifth year of Wude, using Hanheng, Zhenyang two counties to establish Kuang Prefecture; and concurrently carved out Wengyuan County. 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reign, the prefecture was abolished; assigned Wengyuan to Shaozhou; hanheng, Zhenyangcame under this prefecture. Zhenyang was rated middle grade. Formerly Zhenyang; 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reignrenamed. The locality produced iron. The former Kuangpu Pass lay to the southwest. Xinhui was rated middle grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, using Nanhai Commandery of Xinhui, Yining two counties to establish Gang Prefecture, Xinhui Commandery; named the prefecture for the local Jingang; and concurrently carved out Fengping, Fengle two counties. In 639, the thirteenth year of Zhenguan, the prefecture was abolished; fengping, Fengle was abolished; xinhui, Yining was transferred here. In that same year, again using Xinhui, Yining to establish Gang Prefecture; also carved out Yining to establish Fengle County. Fengle was later abolished. In Kaiyuan 23 (735) the prefecture was abolished, and Xinhui and Yining were transferred back here. The locality produced salt. Yining County. Its administrative grade was middle. Shaozhou, seat of the Shixing Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Fan Prefecture; in 621, the fourth year of Wudesplit Guangzhou of Qujiang, Shixing, Lechang, Wengyuan to establish. It was soon renamed Dongheng Prefecture; 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reignwas again renamed. Tribute from the region included bamboo cloth, stalactite, dendrobium. It registered 31,000 households and 168,948 persons. It governed six counties. Qujiang was rated upper grade. Linlong and Lianghua were established in Wude 4 (621) and abolished in Zhenguan 8 (634). Shixing was rated lower grade. A new road over the Dayu Range was opened in 729 CE on imperial orders to Zhang Jiuling. Garrison troops were posted to the northeast at An'yuan. Lechang was rated lower grade. Wengyuan was rated lower grade. Renhua was rated lower grade. Formerly under Guangzhou; in 688, the fourth year of Chuigongsplit Qujiang to establish; later transferred here. Zhenchang County. Its administrative grade was lower. 684 CE, the first year of the Guangzhe reign, split Shixing to establish. Xun Prefecture, seat of the Haifeng Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Longchuan Commandery; 742 CE, the first year of the Tianbao reignrenamed. Tribute from the region included cloth,five-color rattan trays, mirror cases,python gall,shell extract,sharkskin,sedge-platform mats,ribbon grass. It registered 9,525 households. It governed six counties. Guishan was rated lower-middle grade. 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reign, longchuan County was merged into it was abolished. Boluo was rated lower-middle grade. 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reign, luoyang County was merged into it was abolished. Heyuan was rated lower-middle grade. Shicheng County was established in Wude 5 (622) and abolished in Zhenguan 1 (627). Haifeng was rated lower-middle grade. Lu'an County was established in Wude 5 (622) and abolished in Zhenguan 1 (627). Xingning; 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reign, Qichang County was merged into it was abolished.. Leixiang County. Its administrative grade was lower-middle. In 691, the second year of Tianshou, established. Chaozhou, seat of the Chaoyang Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Yi'an Commandery. Tribute from the region included plantain, sharkskin, shell incense, python gall, tortoise, stone wells, silver ore, water horses. It registered 4,420 households and 26,745 persons. It governed three counties. Haiyang was rated lower-middle grade. The locality produced salt. Chaoyang was rated lower-middle grade. The county was struck from the rolls early in the Yonghui reign (650 CE) and re-established early in Xiantian (712 CE). Chengxiang County. Its administrative grade was lower-middle. Kang Prefecture, seat of the Jinkang Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Nankang Prefecture; in 623, the sixth year of Wudesplit Duan Prefecture of Duanxi to establish; in the ninth yearthe prefecture was abolished. Restored in Zhenguan 1 (627), abolished again in the eleventh year, restored in the twelfth year, and renamed Kang Prefecture. Tribute from the region included gold, silver. It registered 10,510 households and 17,219 persons. It governed four counties. Duanxi was rated lower grade. In 622, the fifth year of Wude, split Duan Prefecture of Bolin to establish Funuo County; later abolished. Jinkang was rated lower grade. Formerly Sui'an; in 757, the second year of Zhiderenamed. Yuecheng was rated lower grade. Formerly Lecheng; came under Duan Prefecture; in 622, the fifth year of Wudecame under this prefecture; later renamed. Ducheng County. Its administrative grade was lower. Long Prefecture, seat of the Kaiyang Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Yongxi Commandery; 742 CE, the first year of the Tianbao reignrenamed. Tribute from the region included silver, dendrobium. It registered 3,627 households and 9,439 persons. It governed four counties. Longshui was rated lower grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, carved out and established Zhengyi County; and concurrently governing Huaide County. Zhengyi was later abolished, and Huaide was placed under Dou Prefecture. Kaiyang was rated lower grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, split Longshui to establish. Zhennan was rated lower grade. Formerly Annam; in 621, the fourth year of Wudeestablished Nanjian Prefecture; assigned Yongxi Commandery of An'sui, Yongxi, Yongye three counties to of. In the fifth year, split Longshui to establish Annam County, as recorded in the treatise. In 634, the eighth year of Zhenguan, changed Nanjian Prefecture to Yao Prefecture. In the eighteenth year, the prefecture was abolished; an'sui, Yongye was abolished; yongning, Annam was transferred here. In 757, the second year of Zhide, renamed. Jianshui County. Its administrative grade was lower. Formerly Yongxi; renamed Yongning in Wude 5 (622), renamed again in Tianbao 1 (742) because Jianshui lay to the west. Duan Prefecture, seat of the Gaoyao Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Xin'an Commandery; 742 CE, the first year of the Tianbao reignrenamed. Tribute from the region included silver, citrus. It registered 9,500 households and 21,120 persons. It governed two counties. Gaoyao was rated lower grade. In 639, the thirteenth year of Zhenguan, bolin County was merged into it was abolished. The Qingqi garrison lay to the east. Pingxing County. Its administrative grade was lower. Qingtai was established in Wude 7 (624) and abolished in Zhenguan 13 (639). Xin Prefecture, seat of the Xinxing Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Xinchang Commandery; established in Wude 4 (621) from Xinxing in Duan Prefecture. Tribute from the region included gold, silver, plantain. It registered 9,500 households. It governed two counties. Xinxing was rated lower grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, carved out and established Suolu, Xinchang, Shandie, Yongshun four counties. Xinchang and Shandie were later abolished, and Suolu was abolished again after the Qianyuan era. Yongshun County. Its administrative grade was lower. Feng Prefecture, seat of the Linfeng Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Guangxin Commandery; 742 CE, the first year of the Tianbao reignrenamed. Tribute from the region included silver, sharkskin, dendrobium. It registered 3,900 households and 11,827 persons. It governed two counties. Fengchuan was rated lower grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, carved out and established Fengxing County; later abolished. Kaijian was rated lower grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, established. Pan Prefecture, seat of the Nanpan Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Nandang Prefecture and the Nanba Commandery, it was established in Wude 4 (621) from Nanchang and Dingchuan in Hepu Commandery. The seat was originally at Nanchang; 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reignseat moved to Dingchuan; in the eighth yearrenamed; later seat moved to Maoming. It was later abolished; territory entered Gao Prefecture. 650 CE, the first year of the Yonghui reign, restored using Maoming, Nanba, Maoshan three counties. Tribute from the region included silver. It registered 4,300 households and 8,967 persons. It governed three counties. Maoming was rated lower grade. Formerly under Gao Prefecture; named for the Maoming River; 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reigncame under this prefecture. Panshui was rated lower grade. In 622, the fifth year of Wude, established; named for Panshui; also carved out Nanchang, Dingchuan to establish Luchuan, Sicheng, Wenshui, Dangchuan four counties. In 634, the eighth year of Zhenguan, sicheng was abolished; later assigned Dingchuan, Dangchuan to Lao Prefecture; luchuan, Wenshuicame under Yu Prefecture; later abolished Nanchang. In the twenty-third year, split Panshui to establish Maoshan County; named for Maoshan. Panshui County was later abolished. In 714, the second year of Kaiyuan, changed Maoshan to Panshui. The Bopan garrison lay to the south. Nanba County. Its administrative grade was lower. Formerly under Gao Prefecture; in 622, the fifth year of Wudeestablished; 650 CE, the first year of the Yonghui reigncame under this prefecture. Chun Prefecture, seat of the Nanling Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Yangchun Commandery; established in Wude 4 (621) from Yangchun in Gaoliang Commandery; the commandery was renamed in Tianbao 1 (742). Tribute from the region included silver, stalactite, dendrobium. It registered 11,218 households. It governed two counties. Yangchun was rated lower grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, and also established Liunan County; in the fifth yearalso established Xicheng County; later all were abolished. The locality produced lead. Luoshui County. Its administrative grade was lower. After the Tianbao era, established. Qin Prefecture, seat of the Yunfu Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Tongling Commandery; in 621, the fourth year of Wudesplit Chun Prefecture to establish; in the fifth yearthe prefecture was abolished. Restored in Wansui Tongtian 2 (697) and abolished again during the Chang'an era. After the pacification of Chun and Long prefectures in 730 CE, Chen Xingfan's surviving partisans held Tongling North Mountain until Guangzhou Area Commander Geng Renzhong petitioned to restore the prefecture, relocating the seat to Fulin Cave and establishing it as a county. 758 CE, the first year of the Qianyuan reign, seat moved to Tongling. Tribute from the region included gold, silver, dendrobium. It registered 682 households and 1,933 persons. It governed two counties. Tongling was rated lower grade. Formerly under Duan Prefecture; in 622, the fifth year of Wudecame under Chun Prefecture; later transferred here. The locality produced copper. Fulin County. Its administrative grade was lower. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, split Tongling to establish. After the prefecture was abolished, came under Chun Prefecture; later the county was also abolished; 758 CE, the first year of the Qianyuan reignwas restored. Luo Prefecture, seat of the Zhaoyi Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Shicheng Commandery; established in Wude 5 (622) from Shilong and Wuchuan in Gaoliang Commandery, with the seat moved to Shicheng in the sixth year. Tribute from the region included silver, peacock, parrot. It registered 5,460 households and 8,041 persons. It governed four counties. Lianjiang was rated lower grade. Formerly Shicheng; named for the Shicheng River. In 622, the fifth year of Wude, split Shilong, Wuchuan to establish Nanhe, Shicheng, Zhaoyi, Linglü, Shilong, Lingluo, Longhua, Luobian, Cilian, Luofei ten counties. Subsequently Shilong and the six counties beneath it were assigned to Nan Shi Prefecture. 742 CE, the first year of the Tianbao reign, renamed. In 773, the eighth year of Dali, assigned Nanhe to Shun Prefecture. Wuchuan was rated lower grade. Ganshui was rated lower grade. Formerly Shilong; in 622, the fifth year of Wudecalled Zhaoyi; 742 CE, the first year of the Tianbao reignrenamed; named for Ganshui. Linglü County. Its administrative grade was lower. It was named for the Linglü River. Bian Prefecture, seat of the Lingshui Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Nan Shi Prefecture and the Shilong Commandery; in Wude 6 (623) it was formed from Shilong, Lingluo, Longhua, Luobian, Cilian, and Luofei in Luo Prefecture. In 635, the ninth year of Zhenguan, renamed. In 904 CE, Zhu Quanzhong petitioned for a rename to Xun Prefecture because "Bian" (to dispute) and "Bian" (the Bian River) were homophones. Tribute from the region included silver, bamboo sandals. It registered 4,858 households and 16,209 persons. It governed two counties. Shilong was rated lower grade. 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reign, cilian, Luofei two counties was merged into it was abolished. Lingluo County. Its administrative grade was lower. Gao Prefecture, seat of the Gaoliang Commandery, was rated lower grade. In 623, the sixth year of Wude, split Dianbai, Lianjiang from Guangzhou and established. The seat was originally at Gaoliang; in 649, the twenty-third year of Zhenguanseat moved to Liangde; in 776, the eleventh year of Daliseat moved to Dianbai. Tribute from the region included silver, python gall. It registered 12,400 households. It governed three counties. Dianbai was rated lower grade. Liangde was rated lower grade. Formerly under Long Prefecture, it was transferred here during the Wude era. Baoning County. Its administrative grade was lower. Formerly Lianjiang; in 717, the fifth year of Kaiyuancalled Bao'an; in 757, the second year of Zhiderenamed. En Prefecture, seat of the Enping Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Qi'an Commandery; established in Zhenguan 23 (649) from Xiping, Qi'an, and Duling in Gao Prefecture. In 891, the second year of Dashun, seat moved to Enping. Tribute from the region included gold, silver. It registered 9,000 households. It governed three counties. The locality produced qinghai army. Enping was rated lower grade. Formerly Hai'an; in 622, the fifth year of Wudecalled Qi'an; in 757, the second year of Zhiderenamed. There was an Xiping County, originally Gaoliang, renamed in Wude 5 (622) and later abolished. Duling was rated lower grade. Formerly Duyuan; in 622, the fifth year of Wuderenamed. Yangjiang County. Its administrative grade was lower. The locality produced silver. Lei Prefecture, seat of the Haikang Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Nan He Prefecture and the Xuwen Commandery; established in Wude 4 (621) from Haikang, Suikang, and Tieba in Hepu Commandery. 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reign, renamed East He Prefecture; in the eighth yearwas again renamed. Tribute from the region included silk gauze, striped bamboo, peacock. It registered 4,320 households and 20,572 persons. It governed three counties. Haikang was rated middle grade. Suixi was rated lower grade. Formerly Tieba and Shenchuan counties; later merged, abolished, and renamed. Xuwen County. Its administrative grade was lower. Formerly Suikang; in 628, the second year of Zhenguanrenamed. Ya Prefecture, seat of the Zhuya Commandery, was rated lower grade. Tribute from the region included gold, silver, pearls, hawksbill shell, galangal. It registered 819 households. It governed three counties. Shecheng was rated lower grade; named for the Shecheng River. Garrison troops were posted to the southwest at Qinlian. Yancheng County, originally Yanlu, was renamed in Zhenguan 1 (627) and abolished after the Kaiyuan era. Chengmai was rated lower grade. Wenchang County. Its administrative grade was lower. Formerly Pingchang; in 622, the fifth year of Wudeestablished; 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reignrenamed. Qiong Prefecture, seat of the Qiongshan Commandery: a lower area military command prefecture. In 631, the fifth year of Zhenguan, using Ya Prefecture of Qiongshanestablished. The prefecture fell to mountain-cave tribes after the Qianfeng era; Lingnan Military Commissioner Li Fu reconquered it in 789 CE. Tribute from the region included gold. It registered 649 households. It governed five counties. Qiongshan was rated lower grade. In 639, the thirteenth year of Zhenguan, carved out and established Zengkou, Yanluo, Rongqiong three counties. In 791, the seventh year of Zhenyuan, rongqiong was abolished. The locality produced salt. Lingao was rated lower grade. Formerly Linji; came under Ya Prefecture; in 631, the fifth year of Zhenguancame under this prefecture; when the prefecture was lost it came under Ya Prefecture. 713 CE, the first year of the Kaiyuan reign, renamed. Zengkou was rated lower grade. Lehui was rated lower grade. In 660, the fifth year of Xianqing, established. Yanluo County. Its administrative grade was lower. Zhen Prefecture, seat of the Yande Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Linzhen Commandery; also called Ningyuan Commandery; 742 CE, the first year of the Tianbao reignrenamed. Tribute from the region included gold, five-color rattan trays, striped cloth, food mats. It registered 819 households and 2,821 persons. It governed five counties. Ningyuan was rated lower grade. It was named for the Ningyuan River. The locality produced salt. Yande was rated lower grade. It was named for the Yande River. Jiyang was rated lower grade. In 628, the second year of Zhenguan, split Yande to establish. Linchuan was rated lower grade. Luotun County. Its administrative grade was lower. After the Tianbao era, established. Dan Prefecture, seat of the Changhua Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Dan'er Commandery at the Sui Zhuya commandery seat; renamed in Tianbao 1 (742). Tribute from the region included gold, sugar incense. It registered 3,395 households. Yilun was rated lower grade. The locality produced salt. Changhua was rated lower grade. Ji'an County was established in Zhenguan 1 (627) and abolished after the Qianyuan era. Ganen was rated lower grade. Luochang was rated lower grade. After the Qianyuan era, established. Fuluo County. Its administrative grade was lower. Formerly Pishan; in 622, the fifth year of Wuderenamed. Wan'an Prefecture, seat of the Wan'an Commandery, was rated lower grade. In 662, the second year of Longshuo, using Ya Prefecture of Wan'anestablished. In 721, the ninth year of Kaiyuan, seat moved to Lingshui. The commandery was renamed Wanquan in Zhide 2 (757). The seat returned to Wanquan in Zhenyuan 1 (785); the original name was later restored. Tribute from the region included gold, silver. It registered 2,997 households. It governed four counties. Wan'an was rated lower grade. Formerly under Qiong Prefecture; in 631, the fifth year of Zhenguansplit Wenchang to establish; and also established Fuyun, Boliao two counties. In the thirteenth year, came under Ya Prefecture; later transferred here. It was called Wanquan in Zhide 2 (757); the original name was later restored. Lingshui was rated lower grade. Formerly under Zhen Prefecture; later transferred here. Fuyun was rated lower grade. Boliao County. Its administrative grade was lower. Yong Prefecture, seat of the Langning Commandery: a lower area military command prefecture. Formerly Nan Jin Prefecture; established in Wude 4 (621) from Xuanhua in the Sui Yulin Commandery and renamed in Zhenguan 8 (634). Tribute from the region included gold, silver. The locality produced gold mine. It registered 2,893 households and 7,302 persons. It governed seven counties. The locality produced pacification army. Xuanhua was rated lower-middle grade. In 622, the fifth year of Wude, carved out and established Wuyuan, Jinxing, Langning, Hengshan four counties. After the Qianyuan era, hengshan was abolished. Because the Yu River issued from Qiyuan Prefecture in Man territory and chronically inundated the prefecture, Vice-Prefect Lü Ren during the Jingyun period (710–711 CE) excavated diversion channels to break its force; flooding ceased and settlements lined both banks. Wuyuan was rated lower-middle grade. The Duling garrison lay to the west. Jinxing was rated lower-middle grade. Langning was rated lower-middle grade. Silong was rated lower-middle grade. After the Qianyuan era, opened mountain caves and established. Ruhe was rated lower-middle grade. Formerly under Qin Prefecture; established in Wude 5 (622) from Nanbin and Anjing and transferred here in Jinglong 2 (708). Fengling County. Its administrative grade was lower-middle. After the Qianyuan era, opened mountain caves and established. Cheng Prefecture, seat of the Heshui Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Nanfang Prefecture; established in Wude 4 (621) from Lingfang lands in Yulin Commandery and renamed in Zhenguan 8 (634). Tribute from the region included gold, silver. It registered 1,368 households and 8,580 persons. It governed four counties. Shanglin was rated lower grade. In Wude 4 (621) Wuyu, Langya, Sigan, Shanglin, and Zhige were carved out of Lingfang County territory. Wuyu was rated lower grade. Zhige was rated lower grade. Heshui County. Its administrative grade was lower. Formerly under Liu Prefecture; in 621, the fourth year of Wudesplit Maping to establish; in the eighth yearcame under this prefecture. Bin Prefecture, seat of the Lingfang Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Ancheng Commandery; established in Zhenguan 5 (631) from Lingfang, Sigan, and Langya in Nanfang Prefecture and Ancheng in Nan Yin Prefecture. In 757, the second year of Zhide, renamed. Tribute from the region included rattan ware. It registered 1,976 households. Registered population: 8,580 persons. It governed three counties. Lingfang was rated lower-middle grade. In 638, the twelfth year of Zhenguan, sigan County was abolished. Langya was rated lower-middle grade. Baocheng County. Its administrative grade was lower-middle. Formerly Ancheng; in 757, the second year of Zhiderenamed. Heng Prefecture, seat of the Ningpu Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Jian Prefecture; established in Wude 4 (621) from Ningpu and Leshan in Yulin Commandery. In the sixth year, called southern Jian Prefecture; in 634, the eighth year of Zhenguanrenamed. Tribute from the region included gold, silver. It registered 1,978 households and 8,342 persons. It governed three counties. Ningpu was rated lower-middle grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, carved out and established Mengze County. In the fifth year, gui Prefecture of Lingshan was transferred here. In 638, the twelfth year of Zhenguan, mengze was merged into it was abolished; later Lingshan was again abolished. Conghua was rated lower-middle grade. Formerly Chunfeng; in 621, the fourth year of Wudesplit Ningpu to establish; 805 CE, the first year of the Yongzhen reignrenamed. Leshan County. Its administrative grade was lower. Xun Prefecture, seat of the Xunjiang Commandery, was rated lower grade. In 633, the seventh year of Zhenguan, using Yan Prefecture of Guiping, Dabinestablished. In the thirteenth year, the prefecture was abolished; countycame under Gong Prefecture; later was restored. Tribute from the region included gold, silver. It registered 2,500 households and 6,836 persons. It governed three counties. Guiping was rated lower grade. Formerly under Gui Prefecture; in 622, the fifth year of Wudecame under Yan Prefecture. In the seventh year, established Lingjiang County; in the twelfth year was merged into it was abolished. Huanghua was rated lower grade. Formerly under Xiu Prefecture; in 633, the seventh year of Zhenguancame under this prefecture. Dabin County. Its administrative grade was lower. Luan Prefecture, seat of the Yongding Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Chun Prefecture; established in Wude 4 (621) on former Qin Guilin Commandery territory and renamed in Yongzhen 1 (805). Tribute from the region included gold, silver. It registered 770 households and 3,803 persons. It governed three counties. Yongding was rated lower grade. Wuluo was rated lower grade. Lingzhu County. Its administrative grade was lower. Qin Prefecture, seat of the Ningyue Commandery. Tribute from the region included gold, silver, kingfisher plumes, galangal. It registered 2,700 households and 10,146 persons. It governed five counties. Qinjiang was rated lower grade. The Xiling garrison post lay to the southeast. Baojing was rated lower grade. Formerly Anjing; renamed in Zhide 2 (757). Neiting was rated lower grade. Nanting Prefecture was established in Wude 5 (622) from Neiting and Zunhua counties. In 628, the second year of Zhenguan, the prefecture was abolished; two countiescame under this prefecture. Zunhua was rated lower-middle grade. Lingshan County. Its administrative grade was lower. Formerly Nanbin; renamed in Zhenguan 10 (636). Gui Prefecture, seat of the Huaize Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Nan Ding Prefecture, Yulin Commandery; in 621, the fourth year of Wudecalled Nan Yin Prefecture; in 634, the eighth year of Zhenguancalled Gui Prefecture; 742 CE, the first year of the Tianbao reignrenamed the commandery. Tribute from the region included gold, silver, lead ware, ramie cloth. It registered 3,026 households and 9,300 persons. It governed four counties. It maintained 1 garrison commands: Longshan. Yulin was rated lower-middle grade. Huaize was rated lower grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, established. Chaoshui was rated lower grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, split Yulin to establish. Yishan County. Its administrative grade was lower. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, changed Maling County to Madou. It was abolished after Zhenguan, re-established after Tianbao, and called Yishan. Gong Prefecture, seat of the Linjiang Commandery, was rated lower grade. In 633, the seventh year of Zhenguan, using Yan Prefectureformer seat; split Xun Prefecture of Wulin, Yan Prefecture of Taichuan to establish; later seat moved to Pingnan. Tribute from the region included silver. It registered 9,000 households and 21,000 persons. It governed five counties. Pingnan was rated lower grade. In 633, the seventh year of Zhenguan, established; also established Xiping, Guizheng, Datong three counties. In the twelfth year, taichuan entered Pingnan was abolished; guizheng, Xiping was again abolished. Wulin was rated lower grade. Formerly under Teng Prefecture; in 624, the seventh year of Wudecame under this prefecture. Suijian was rated lower grade. Formerly under Teng Prefecture; in 639, the thirteenth year of Zhenguancame under this prefecture. Datong was rated lower grade. Yangchuan County. Its administrative grade was lower. Formerly Yangjian; later renamed. Xiang Prefecture, seat of the Xiang Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Guilin Commandery; established in Wude 4 (621) from Yangshou and Guilin in Shi'an Commandery and named for Xiang Mountain. In 639, the thirteenth year of Zhenguan, seat moved to Wuhua; in 776, the eleventh year of Daliagain administered from Yangshou. Tribute from the region included silver, rattan ware. It registered 5,500 households and 10,890 persons. It governed three counties. Yangshou was rated lower grade. In Wude 4 (621) Wude, Xining, and Wuxian were carved out of Guilin. Xining was merged into Wude in Zhenguan 12 (638); Wude was merged into Yangshou in Tianbao 1 (742). Wuxian was rated lower grade. 666 CE, the first year of the Qianfeng reign, guilin County was merged into it was abolished. Wuhua County. Its administrative grade was lower. Established in Wude 4 (621) by splitting Jianling from Gui Prefecture; first under Feng Prefecture, later under Yan Prefecture. Changfeng County was also split off from Yangshou and assigned to Yan Prefecture. When the prefecture was abolished, all its counties were transferred here. In 776, the eleventh year of Dali, changfeng was merged into it was abolished. Teng Prefecture, seat of the Ganyi Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Yongping Commandery; renamed in Tianbao 1 (742). Tribute from the region included silver. It registered 3,980 households. It governed four counties. Xinjin was rated lower-middle grade. The seat was first at Yongping without Xinjin; Sui'an, Hechuan, and Ningren existed but were reorganized after Zhenguan, with Ningren assigned to Rong Prefecture and Yongping to Zhao Prefecture. The locality produced lead. Ganyi was rated lower grade. Formerly Chunmin; renamed during the Wude era. Yichang was rated lower grade. Formerly An'chang; in 757, the second year of Zhiderenamed. Ningfeng County. Its administrative grade was lower. In 622, the fifth year of Wude, using County to establish Yan Prefecture; assigned Gui Prefecture of Guiping to of. In 629 CE, Dabin from Teng Prefecture was added, along with Changgong, Taichuan, Chiyang, and Longyang; the seat was at Changgong. Four more counties were created in 631 CE. In 633 CE it became Tai Prefecture, relocated to Ningfeng, renamed Chiyang as Chen'en, and absorbed An'ji from Teng Prefecture. Liangshi and Luofeng were placed under Teng Prefecture. Changgong County was struck from the rolls. In the eighth year the seat moved to An'ji and the prefecture again became Yan Prefecture. In the twelfth year, longyang, Cheng'en two counties was abolished. In the eighteenth year, the prefecture was abolished; ningfeng was transferred here. Xinle、An'ji、Liangshi、Luofeng was later abolished. Yan Prefecture, seat of the Changle Commandery, was rated lower grade. Established in Diaolu 2 (680) from Heng and Gui prefectures and named for the north side of Yan Ridge. 742 CE, the first year of the Tianbao reign, called Anle Commandery; in 757, the second year of Zhiderenamed. Tribute from the region included gold. It registered 1,110 households. It governed four counties. Changle was rated lower grade. Formerly Anle; Xiao Xian carved out Xingde County to establish it. Abolished in Zhenguan 1 (627), restored in Qianfeng 1 (666) under Yulin Prefecture, and transferred here in Yonglong 1 (680). In 757, the second year of Zhide, renamed. Enfeng was rated lower grade. Formerly Fulong Cave on Danglao and Bai prefecture territory; established with Gaocheng and Shiyan in Diaolu 2 (680). Gaocheng was rated lower grade. It was named for the Gaocheng River. Shiyan County. Its administrative grade was lower. Yi Prefecture, seat of the Longshui Commandery, was rated lower grade. Opened in the Tang as Yue Prefecture and renamed during the Qianfeng era. The locality produced silver、cinnabar. It registered 1,220 households and 3,230 persons. It governed four counties. Longshui was rated lower grade. Yashan was rated lower grade. Dongxi was rated lower grade. Tianhe County. Its administrative grade was lower.
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邕管所領,又有顯州、武州、沈州,後皆廢省。 瀼州臨潭郡,下。 貞觀十二年,清平公李弘節開夷獠置。 戶千六百六十六。 縣四。 瀼江,下。 波零,下。 鵠山,下。 弘遠。 下。 貞元後州、縣名存而已。 籠州扶南郡,下。 貞觀十二年,李弘節招慰生蠻置。 戶三千六百六十七。 縣七。 武勤,下。 武禮,下。 羅龍,下。 扶南,下。 龍額,下。 武觀,下。 武江。 下。 田州橫山郡,下。 開元中開蠻洞置,貞元二十一年廢,後復置。 戶四千一百六十八。 縣五。 都救,下。 惠佳,下。 武龍,下。 橫山,下。 如賴。 下。 環州整平郡,下。 貞觀十二年,李弘節開拓生蠻置。 縣八。 正平,下。 福零,下。 龍源,下。 饒勉,下。 思恩,下。 武石,下。 歌良,下。 都蒙。 下。 桂州始安郡,中都督府。 至德二載更郡曰建陵,後復故名。 土貢:銀、銅器、麖皮鞾、簟。 戶萬七千五百,口七萬一千一十八。 縣十一。 有經略軍。 臨桂,上。 本始安,武德四年置福祿縣,貞觀八年省入焉,更名。 有相思埭,長壽元年築,分相思水使東西流。 又東南有回濤堤,以捍桂水,貞元十四年築。 有侯山。 理定,中。 本興安,武德四年置宣風縣,貞觀十二年省入焉。 至德二載更名。 西十里有靈渠,引灕水,故秦史祿所鑿,後廢。 寶曆初,觀察使李渤立斗門十八以通漕,俄又廢。 咸通九年,刺史魚孟威以石為鏵隄,亙四十里,植大木為斗門,至十八重,乃通巨舟。 靈川,中。 龍朔二年析始安置。 陽朔,中下。 武德四年置歸義縣,貞觀元年省入焉。 荔浦,中下。 武德四年,以始安郡之荔浦、建陵、隋化三縣置荔州,又析置崇仁、純義、東區三縣。 五年以隋化、東區隸南恭州,貞觀元年以建陵隸晏州。 十二年州廢,以荔浦、崇仁來屬。 崇仁後省,純義隸蒙州。 豐水,中下。 本永豐,隸昭州,武德四年析陽朔置,後來屬。 長慶三年更名。 修仁,中下。 本建陵,貞觀元年置晏州,幷置武龍、武化、長風三縣。 十二年州廢,省武龍,以武化、長風隸象州,建陵來屬。 長慶三年更名。 恭化,中下。 本純化,武德四年析始安置,永貞元年更名。 永福,中下。 武德四年析始安置。 全義,中下。 本臨源,武德四年析始安置,大曆三年更名。 古。 乾寧二年析慕化置。 梧州蒼梧郡,下。 武德四年以靜州之蒼梧、豪靜、開江置。 土貢:銀、白石英。 戶千二百九。 縣三。 蒼梧,下。 貞觀八年以賀州之綏越來屬。 十二年省豪靜,其後又省綏越,而開江復隸富州。 戎城,下。 本隸藤州,永徽中來屬。 光化四年,馬殷表以縣隸桂州。 孟陵。 下。 本猛陵,隸藤州,蕭銑置。 貞觀八年來屬,更名。 光化中,馬殷表以縣隸桂州。 賀州臨賀郡,下。 本綏越郡,武德四年,以始安郡之富川、熙平郡之桂嶺、零陵郡之馮乘、蒼梧郡之封陽置。 土貢:銀。 戶四千五百五十二,口二萬五百七十。 縣六。 臨賀,下。 武德四年置。 東有銅冶,在橘山。 桂嶺,下。 朝岡、程岡皆有鐵。 馮乘,下。 有荔平關。 有錫冶三。 封陽,下。 貞觀元年省,九年復置。 富川,下。 有富水。 天寶中更名富水,後復故名。 有錫。 有鍾乳穴三。 蕩山。 下。 天寶後置。 連州連山郡,下。 本熙平郡,天寶元年更名。 土貢:赤錢、竹紵練、白紵細布、鍾乳、水銀、丹沙、白鑞。 戶三萬二千二百一十,口十四萬三千五百三十三。 縣三。 桂陽,上。 有桂陽山,本靈山,天寶八載更名。 有銀,有鐵。 陽山,中下。 有鐵。 有故秦湟溪關。 連山。 中。 有金,有銅,有鐵。 柳州龍城郡,下。 本昆州,武德四年以始安郡之馬平置,是年,更名南昆州,貞觀八年又以地當柳星更名。 土貢:銀、蚺蛇膽。 戶二千二百三十二,口萬一千五百五十。 縣五。 馬平,下。 武德四年析置新平、文安、賀水、歸德四縣,尋更名歸德曰脩德,文安曰樂沙。 八年以賀水隸澄州。 貞觀七年省樂沙,九年置崖山縣,十二年省新平。 其後又省崖山,以脩德隸嚴州。 龍城,下。 武德四年置龍州,幷置柳嶺縣。 貞觀七年州廢,省柳嶺,以龍城來屬。 象,下。 本隸桂州,後來屬。 洛曹,下。 本洛封,元和十三年更名。 洛容。 下。 貞觀中置。 富州開江郡,下。 本靜州龍平郡,武德四年,以始安郡之龍平、豪靜,蒼梧郡之蒼梧置,貞觀八年更名。 土貢:銀、班布。 戶千四百六十,口八千五百八十六。 縣三。 龍平,下。 武德四年析置博勞、歸化、安樂、開江四縣,尋以蒼梧、豪靜、開江隸梧州,九年省安樂、歸化、博勞。 思勤,下。 天寶後置。 馬江。 下。 本開江,後隸梧州,又復隸柳州。 長慶三年更名。 昭州平樂郡,下。 本樂州,武德四年以始安郡之平樂置,貞觀八年更名。 土貢:銀。 戶四千九百一十八,口萬二千六百九十一。 縣三。 平樂,下。 以平樂水名之,有鍾乳穴三。 武德四年析置沙亭縣,貞觀七年省沙亭。 恭城,下。 蕭銑置。 有鍾乳穴十二,在銀帳山。 永平。 下。 本隸藤州,後來屬。 蒙州蒙山郡,下。 本南恭州,武德五年析荔州之隋化置,貞觀八年更名。 土貢:麩金、銀。 戶千五十九,口五千九百三十三。 縣三。 立山,下。 本隋化,武德五年更名; 又析置欽政縣,貞觀十二年省。 東區,下。 武德五年析立山置。 貞觀六年隸鷰州,十年來屬。 正義。 下。 本純義,隸鷰州,十年來屬。 永貞元年更名。 嚴州循德郡,下。 乾封二年招致生獠,以秦故桂林郡地置。 土貢:銀。 戶千八百五十九,口七千五十一。 縣三。 來賓,下。 乾封二年置。 循德,下。 本隸柳州,後來屬。 歸化。 下。 乾封二年置。 融州融水郡,下。 武德四年析始安郡之義熙置。 土貢:金、桂心。 戶千二百三十二。 縣二。 融水,下。 本義熙,武德四年析置臨牂、黃水、安脩三縣,六年更名。 貞觀十三年省安脩入臨牂。 武陽。 下。 天寶初併黃水、臨牂二縣更置。 思唐州武郎郡,下。 永隆二年析龔、蒙、象三州置。 開元二十四年為羈縻州,建中元年為正州。 土貢:銀。 戶百四十一。 縣二。 武郎,下。 思和。 下。 本平原,長慶三年更名。 古州樂興郡,下。 貞觀十二年,李弘節開夷獠置。 土貢:蠟。 戶二百八十五。 縣三。 樂山,本樂預,寶應元年更名。 古書,下。 樂興。 下。 容州普寧郡,下都督府。 本銅州,武德四年以合浦郡之北流、普寧置。 貞觀八年更名。 元和中徙治普寧。 土貢:銀、丹沙、水銀。 戶四千九百七十,口萬七千八十五。 縣六。 有經略軍。 普寧,下。 北流,下。 武德四年析置豪石、宕昌、南流、陵城、新安五縣。 貞觀十一年省新安,後又省豪石、宕昌。 北三十里有鬼門關,兩石相對,中闊三十步。 陵城,下。 渭龍,下。 武德四年析普寧置。 欣道,下。 本寧人,隸藤州。 貞觀二十三年更名,來屬。 陸川。 下。 本隸東峩州,唐末來屬。 牢州定川郡,下。 本義州,武德二年以巴蜀徼外蠻夷地置。 貞觀十一年以東北有牢石,因更名,徙治南流,後廢。 乾封三年,將軍王杲平蠻獠復置。 土貢:布、銀。 戶千六百四十一,口萬一千七百五十六。 縣三。 南流,下。 本隸容州,武德四年析北流置南流、定川、牢川三縣,以南百步有南流江名之,乾封三年皆來屬。 定川,下。 本隸潘州,定川水名之。 宕川。 下。 本隸潘州,因瀘宕水名之。 白州南昌郡,下。 本南州,武德四年以合浦郡之合浦地置,六年更名。 土貢:金、銀、珠。 戶二千五百七十四,口九千四百九十八。 縣四。 博白,下。 武德四年置,幷置朗平、周羅、龍豪、淳良、建寧五縣。 貞觀六年以廉州之大都隸之。 十二年省朗平、淳良,後又省大都。 大曆八年以龍豪隸順州。 西南百里有北戍灘,咸通中,安南都護高駢募人平其險石,以通舟檝。 建寧,下。 周羅,下。 南昌。 下。 本隸潘州,後來屬。 順州順義郡,下。 大曆八年,容管經略使王翃析禺、羅、辯、白四州置。 土貢:銀。 戶五百九。 縣四。 龍化,下。 武德四年置,以西有龍化水名之,六年隸辯州。 溫水,下。 本隸禺州。 南河,下。 武德五年析石龍置,隸羅州。 龍豪。 武德四年析合浦置,隸白州。 繡州常林郡,下。 本林州,武德四年以鬱林郡之阿林縣及鬱平縣地置,六年更名。 土貢:金。 戶九千七百七十三。 縣三。 常林,中。 武德四年置,又置羅繡、皇化、歸誠三縣。 貞觀七年以皇化隸潯州,省歸誠。 阿林,中下。 羅繡。 下。 武德四年析置盧越縣,貞觀六年縣廢入焉。 鬱林州鬱林郡,下。 本鬱州,麟德二年析貴州之石南、興德、鬱平置,乾封元年更名。 土貢:布。 戶千九百一十八,口九千六百九十九。 縣四。 鬱平,下。 本隸貴州,後來屬。 興業,下。 麟德二年析石南置,建中二年省石南入焉。 興德,下。 蕭銑析石南置,尋廢。 武德四年析鬱平復置。 潭栗。 下。 黨州寧仁郡,下。 本鬱林州地,永淳元年開古黨洞置。 土貢:金、銀。 戶千一百四十九,口七千四百四。 縣八。 撫安,下。 古西甌地。 善勞,中下。 善文,下。 寧仁,下。 容山,下。 本安仁,永淳二年析黨州置平琴州平琴郡,領安仁、懷義、福陽、古符四縣。 垂拱三年廢,神龍三年復置。 至德中更安仁曰容山。 建中二年州廢,縣皆來屬。 懷義,下。 福陽,下。 古符。 下。 竇州懷德郡,下。 本南扶州,武德四年以永熙郡之懷德置。 以獠叛,僑治瀧州,後徙治信義。 貞觀元年州廢,以縣隸瀧州。 二年復置,五年又廢,以縣隸瀧州。 六年復置,八年更名。 土貢:銀。 戶千一十九,口七千三百三十九。 縣四。 信義,中下。 武德四年置,幷析置潭峩縣,五年又析置特亮縣。 懷德,中下。 潭峩,下。 特亮。 下。 禺州溫水郡,下。 本東峩州,乾封三年,將軍王杲奏析白、辯、竇、容四州置,總章二年更名。 土貢:銀。 戶三千一百八十。 縣四。 峩石,下。 總章二年析白州之溫水置,以南有峩石名之。 羅辯,下。 本陸川,隸辯州,後更名。 本羅辯洞地。 扶萊,下。 武德五年析信義縣置,隸竇州,以扶萊水名之。 貞觀中省,後復置。 宕昌。 下。 本隸容州。 廉州合浦郡,下。 本合州,武德四年曰越州,貞觀八年更名,以本大廉洞地。 土貢:銀。 戶三千三十二,口萬三千二十九。 縣四。 合浦,中下。 武德五年置安昌、高城、大廉、大都四縣。 貞觀六年置珠池縣。 後以大都隸白州。 十二年省珠池、安昌入焉。 封山,下。 武德五年置姜州,幷置東羅、蔡龍二縣。 貞觀十年州廢,以封山、東羅、蔡龍來屬。 後省東羅。 蔡龍,下。 以蔡龍洞名之。 貞觀十二年省高城縣入焉。 大廉。 下。 義州連城郡,下。 本南義州,武德五年以永熙郡之永業縣地置。 貞觀元年州廢,以縣隸南建州。 二年復置,五年又廢,以縣隸南建州。 六年復置,後第名義州。 土貢:銀。 戶千一百一十,口七千三百三。 縣三。 岑溪,下。 本龍城,武德五年置,幷置安義、義城二縣。 至德中更龍城曰岑溪。 其後又省義城。 有郡山。 永業,下。 本安義,至德中更名。 連城。 下。 武德五年析瀧州之正義置。 安南中都護府,本交趾郡,武德五年曰交州,治交趾。 調露元年曰安南都護府,至德二載曰鎮南都護府,大曆三年復為安南。 寶曆元年徙治宋平。 土貢:蕉、檳榔、鮫革、蚺蛇膽、翠羽。 戶二萬四千二百三十,口九萬九千六百五十二。 縣八。 有經略軍。 宋平,上。 武德四年置宋州,幷置弘教、南定二縣。 五年析置交趾、懷德二縣,隸交州。 六年曰南宋州。 貞觀元年州廢,省弘教、懷德,徙交趾于故南慈州,來屬。 南定,本隸宋州,武德四年析宋平置,五年隸交州。 大曆五年省,貞元八年復置。 太平,中下。 本隆平,武德四年置,以縣置隆州,幷置義廉、封溪二縣,治義廉。 六年曰南隆州。 貞觀元年州廢,省義廉,以封溪隸峯州,隆平來屬。 先天元年更名。 交趾,中下。 武德四年置慈州,幷置慈廉、烏延、武立三縣,以慈廉水因名之。 六年曰南慈州。 貞觀元年州廢,省三縣更置。 朱鳶,上。 武德四年置鳶州,幷置高陵、定安二縣。 貞觀元年州廢,省高陵、定安,以朱鳶來屬。 龍編,中下。 武德四年置龍州,幷置武寧、平樂二縣。 貞觀元年州廢,省武寧、平樂,以龍編隸仙州,州廢來屬。 平道,中下。 武德四年置道州,幷置昌國縣。 六年曰南道州,是年更名仙州。 貞觀十年州廢,省昌國,以平道來屬。 武平。 中下。 本隸道州,武德五年來屬。 陸州玉山郡,下。 本玉山州,武德五年以寧越郡之安海、玉山置。 貞觀二年州廢,縣隸欽州。 高宗上元二年復置,更名。 土貢:銀、玳瑁、鼊皮、翠羽、甲香。 戶四百九十四,口二千六百七十四。 縣三。 烏雷,下。 華清,下。 本玉山,天寶中更名。 寧海。 下。 本安海。 武德四年又置海平縣,貞觀十二年省。 至德二載更名。 峯州承化郡,下都督府。 武德四年以交趾郡之嘉寧置。 土貢:銀、藤器、白鑞、蚺蛇膽、豆蔻。 戶千九百二十。 縣五。 嘉寧,下。 武德四年置新昌、安仁、竹格、石堤四縣,又領封溪縣。 貞觀元年省石堤、封溪入嘉寧,後又省安仁。 承化,下。 新昌,下。 貞觀元年省竹格縣入焉。 高山,元和後置。 珠綠。 元和後置。 愛州九真郡,下。 土貢:紗、絁、孔雀尾。 戶萬四千七百。 縣六。 九真,下。 武德五年置松源、楊山、安預三縣。 貞觀元年省楊山、安預,九年省松源。 有金,有石磬。 安順,下。 武德五年置順州,幷析置東河、建昌、邊河三縣。 貞觀元年州廢,省三縣入安順,來屬。 崇平,下。 本隆安。 武德五年置安州,幷置教山、建道、都握三縣,又置山州,幷置岡山、真潤、古安、西安、建初五縣。 貞觀元年廢安州,省教山、建道、都握入隆安,來屬; 又廢山州,省岡山、真潤、古安、西安入建初,來屬。 八年省建初。 先天元年更隆安曰崇安,至德二載又更名。 軍寧,下。 本軍安,武德五年以縣置永州,七年曰都州。 貞觀元年州廢,隸南陵州。 至德二載更名。 日南,下。 武德五年置積州,又置積善、津梧、方載三縣; 又以移風縣地置前真州,幷置九皋、建正、真寧三縣; 又以胥浦縣置胥州,幷置攀龍、如侯、博犢、鎮星四縣。 九年更積州曰南陵州,貞觀元年曰後真州。 是年廢前真州,省九皋、建正、真寧,以移風隸南陵州; 又廢胥州,省攀龍、如侯、博犢、鎮星,以胥浦隸南陵州。 十年州亦廢,以軍安、日南、移風、胥浦來屬,天寶中省移風、胥浦。 長林。 下。 本無編。 驩州日南郡,下都督府。 本南德州,武德八年曰德州,貞觀元年又更名。 土貢:金、金薄、黃屑、象齒、犀角、沈香、班竹。 戶九千六百一十九,口五萬八百一十八。 縣四。 九德,中下。 武德五年置安遠、曇羅、光安三縣。 是年,以光安置源州,又置水源、安銀、河龍、長江四縣。 貞觀八年更名阿州十三年州廢,省水源、河龍、長江,以光安、安銀來屬。 安遠、曇羅、光安、安銀後皆省。 浦陽,下。 越裳,下。 武德五年置明州,幷置萬安、明弘、明定三縣; 又以日南郡之文谷、金寧二縣置智州,幷置新鎮、闍員二縣。 貞觀元年更曰南智州,省新鎮、闍員。 十三年廢明州,省萬安、明弘、明定入越裳,隸智州。 後廢智州,省文谷、金寧入越裳,來屬。 初以隋林邑郡置林州,比景郡置匕州。 又更名匕州曰南景州,貞觀二年綏懷林邑,乃僑治驩州之南境,領比景、朱吾二縣,幷置由文縣。 八年第名景州。 九年置林州,亦寄治驩州之南境,領林邑、金龍、海界三縣。 又置山州,領龍池、盆山二縣。 有浦陽戍。 戶千三百二十,口五千二百。 後為龍池郡。 皆貞元末廢。 懷驩。 下。 本咸歡,武德五年置驩州,幷置安人、扶演、相景、西源四縣,治安人。 貞觀元年更名演州。 十三年省相景。 十六年州廢,省安人、扶演、西源,以咸驩來屬。 後更咸驩曰懷驩。 長州文楊郡,下。 唐置。 土貢:金。 戶六百四十八。 縣四。 文陽,下。 銅蔡,下。 長山,下。 其常。 下。 福祿州唐林郡,下。 本福祿郡,總章二年,智州刺史謝法成招慰生獠昆明、北樓等七千餘落,以故唐林州地置。 大足元年更名安武州,至德二載更郡曰唐林,乾元元年復州故名。 土貢:白鑞、紫𨥥。 戶三百一十七。 縣三。 柔遠,本安遠,至德二載更名。 唐林,唐初以唐林、安遠二縣置唐林州,後州、縣皆廢,更置。 福祿。 下。 湯州湯泉郡,下。 唐以故秦象郡地置。 土貢:金。 縣三。 湯泉,下。 綠水,下。 羅韶。 下。 芝州忻城郡,下。 唐置。 戶千二百,口五千三百。 縣七。 忻城,下。 富川,下。 平西,下。 樂光,下。 樂豔,下。 多雲,下。 思龍。 下。 武峩州武峩郡,下。 唐置。 戶千八百五十,口五千三百二十。 縣七。 武峩,下。 如馬,下。 武義,下。 武緣,下。 武勞,下。 梁山。 下。 演州龍池郡,下。 本忠義郡,又曰演水郡。 貞觀中廢,廣德二年析驩州復置。 土貢:金。 戶千四百五十。 縣七。 忠義,下。 懷驩,下。 龍池,下。 思農,下。 武郎,下。 武容,下。 武金。 下。 武安州武曲郡,下。 土貢:金、朝霞布。 戶四百五十。 縣二。 武安,下。 臨江。 下。
Under the Yong Area Command; Xian, Wu, and Shen prefectures also existed but were later abolished. Rang Prefecture, seat of the Lintan Commandery, was rated lower grade. In 638, the twelfth year of Zhenguan, qingping Duke Li Hongjie opened Yi and Liao peoples and established. It registered 1,666 households. It governed four counties. Rangjiang was rated lower grade. Boling was rated lower grade. Hushan was rated lower grade. Hongyuan County. Its administrative grade was lower. After the Zhenyuan era only the prefecture and county names survived in name alone. Long Prefecture, seat of the Funan Commandery, was rated lower grade. In 638, the twelfth year of Zhenguan, li Hongjiepacified raw Man tribes and established. It registered 3,667 households. It governed seven counties. Wuqin was rated lower grade. Wuli was rated lower grade. Luolong was rated lower grade. Funan was rated lower grade. Long'e was rated lower grade. Wuguan was rated lower grade. Wujiang County. Its administrative grade was lower. Tian Prefecture, seat of the Hengshan Commandery, was rated lower grade. It was established by opening tribal caves in the Kaiyuan era, abolished in Zhenyuan 21 (805 CE), and later restored. It registered 4,168 households. It governed five counties. Dujiu was rated lower grade. Huijia was rated lower grade. Wulong was rated lower grade. Hengshan was rated lower grade. Rulai County. Its administrative grade was lower. Huan Prefecture, seat of the Zhengping Commandery, was rated lower grade. Li Hongjie opened raw Man territory and established the prefecture in Zhenguan 12 (638). It governed eight counties. Zhengping was rated lower grade. Fuling was rated lower grade. Longyuan was rated lower grade. Raomian was rated lower grade. Si'en was rated lower grade. Wushi was rated lower grade. Geliang was rated lower grade. Dumeng County. Its administrative grade was lower. Gui Prefecture, seat of the Shi'an Commandery: a mid-level area military command prefecture. The commandery was renamed Jianling in Zhide 2 (757); the original name was later restored. Tribute from the region included silver, bronze ware, roebuck-skin boots, matting. It registered 17,500 households and 71,018 persons. It governed eleven counties. The locality produced pacification army. Lingui was rated upper grade. Formerly Shi'an; in 621, the fourth year of Wudeestablished Fulu County; in 634, the eighth year of Zhenguan was merged into it was abolished; renamed. The Xiangsi Dam, constructed in 692 CE (Changshou 1), split the Xiangsi channel so water could run east and west. To the southeast, the Huitao Embankment was raised in 798 CE (Zhenyuan 14) to restrain the Gui River. Houshan lay in the locality. Liding was rated middle grade. Formerly Xing'an; in 621, the fourth year of Wudeestablished Xuanfeng County; in 638, the twelfth year of Zhenguan was merged into it was abolished. In 757, the second year of Zhide, renamed. Ten li west stood the Ling Canal, which diverted the Li River; it had been excavated by the Qin official Shi Lu and later fell into disuse. Early in the Baoli reign (827 CE), Observation Commissioner Li Bo installed eighteen lock-gates for grain transport, but the works were soon abandoned again. In 868 CE (Xiantong 9), Prefect Yu Mengwei built a forty-li stone training dike with eighteen tiers of timber lock-gates, enabling passage for large ships. Lingchuan was rated middle grade. In 662, the second year of Longshuo, split Shi'an to establish. Yangshuo was rated lower-middle grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, established Guiyi County; 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reign was merged into it was abolished. Lipu was rated lower-middle grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, using Shi'an Commandery of Lipu, Jianling, Suihua three counties to establish Li Prefecture; also carved out and established Chongren, Chunyi, Dongqu three counties. In the fifth year, assigned Suihua, Dongqu to Nan Gong Prefecture; 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reignassigned Jianling to Yan Prefecture. In the twelfth year, the prefecture was abolished; lipu, Chongren was transferred here. Chongren was later abolished, and Chunyi was assigned to Meng Prefecture. Fengshui was rated lower-middle grade. Formerly Yongfeng; came under Zhao Prefecture; in 621, the fourth year of Wudesplit Yangshuo to establish; later transferred here. In 823, the third year of Changqing, renamed. Xiuren was rated lower-middle grade. Formerly Jianling; 627 CE, the first year of the Zhenguan reignestablished Yan Prefecture; and also established Wulong, Wuhua, Changfeng three counties. In the twelfth year, the prefecture was abolished; wulong was abolished; assigned Wuhua, Changfeng to Xiang Prefecture; jianlingcame under this prefecture. In 823, the third year of Changqing, renamed. Gonghua was rated lower-middle grade. Formerly Chunhua; in 621, the fourth year of Wudesplit Shi'an to establish; 805 CE, the first year of the Yongzhen reignrenamed. Yongfu was rated lower-middle grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, split Shi'an to establish. Quanyi was rated lower-middle grade. Formerly Linyuan; in 621, the fourth year of Wudesplit Shi'an to establish; in 768, the third year of Dalirenamed. Gu County. In 895, the second year of Qianning, split Muhua to establish. Wu Prefecture, seat of the Cangwu Commandery, was rated lower grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, using Jing Prefecture of Cangwu, Haojing, Kaijiangestablished. Tribute from the region included silver, quartz. It registered 1,209 households. It governed three counties. Cangwu was rated lower grade. In 634, the eighth year of Zhenguan, he Prefecture of Suiyue was transferred here. Haojing was abolished in the twelfth year; Suiyue was later abolished as well, and Kaijiang returned to Fu Prefecture. Rongcheng was rated lower grade. Formerly under Teng Prefecture, it was transferred here during the Yonghui era. In 901 CE (Guanghua 4), Ma Yin petitioned to transfer the county to Gui Prefecture. Mengling County. Its administrative grade was lower. Formerly Mengling; came under Teng Prefecture; xiao Xianestablished. In 634, the eighth year of Zhenguan, came under this prefecture; renamed. During the Guanghua era (898–901 CE), Ma Yin petitioned to place the county under Gui Prefecture. He Prefecture, seat of the Linhe Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Suiyue Commandery; established in Wude 4 (621) from Fuchuan in Shi'an, Guiling in Xiping, Fengsheng in Lingling, and Fengyang in Cangwu commanderies. Tribute from the region included silver. It registered 4,552 households and 20,570 persons. It governed six counties. Linhe was rated lower grade. In 621, the fourth year of Wude, established. A copper smelter stood on Jushan to the east. Guiling was rated lower grade. Iron was found at both Chaogang and Chenggang. Fengsheng was rated lower grade. The locality produced liping pass. Three tin smelters operated there. Fengyang was rated lower grade. Abolished in Zhenguan 1 (627) and restored in the ninth year. Fuchuan was rated lower grade. The locality produced fushui. Renamed Fushui in the Tianbao era; the original name was later restored. The locality produced tin. Three stalactite caves lay within the county. Dangshan County. Its administrative grade was lower. After the Tianbao era, established. Lian Prefecture, seat of the Lianshan Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Xiping Commandery; 742 CE, the first year of the Tianbao reignrenamed. Tribute from the region included red cash coins, bamboo-ramie floss, fine white ramie, stalactite, mercury, cinnabar, white pewter. It registered 32,210 households and 143,533 persons. It governed three counties. Guiyang was rated upper grade. Guiyang Mountain, originally Lingshan, was renamed in Tianbao 8 (749). The locality had silver and iron. Yangshan was rated lower-middle grade. The locality produced iron. The former Qin Huangxi Pass lay there. Lianshan County. Its administrative grade was middle. The locality had gold, copper, and iron. Liu Prefecture, seat of the Longcheng Commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Kun Prefecture; established from Maping in Shi'an Commandery in Wude 4 (621), renamed Nan Kun Prefecture the same year, and renamed again in Zhenguan 8 (634) for its position under the Willow asterism. Tribute from the region included silver, python gall. It registered 2,232 households and 11,550 persons. It governed five counties. Maping was rated lower grade. In Wude 4 (621) Xinping, Wen'an, Heshui, and Guide were established; Guide was soon renamed Xiude and Wen'an Leshai. In the eighth year, assigned Heshui to Cheng Prefecture, as recorded in the treatise. In 633, the seventh year of Zhenguan, leshai was abolished; in the ninth yearestablished Yashan County; in the twelfth year, Xinping was abolished. Yashan was later abolished again, and Xiude was placed under Yan Prefecture. Longcheng was rated lower grade. Long Prefecture was set up in Wude 4 (621), along with Liuling County. In Zhenguan 7 (633) the prefecture was abolished, Liuling was dropped, and Longcheng came under Liuzhou. Xiang was rated lower grade. Formerly under Guizhou, it later came under Liuzhou. Luocao was rated lower grade. Formerly Luofeng; it was renamed in Yuanhe 13 (818). Luorong County. Luorong was rated lower grade. It was established during the Zhenguan era. Fu Prefecture, seat of the Kaijiang commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Jing Prefecture and the Longping commandery, it was established in Wude 4 (621) from Longping and Haojing of Shian commandery and Cangwu of Cangwu commandery, and renamed in Zhenguan 8 (634). Tribute from the region included silver and patterned cloth. It registered one thousand four hundred sixty households and eight thousand five hundred eighty-six persons. It governed three counties. Longping was rated lower grade. In Wude 4 (621) Bolao, Guihua, Anle, and Kaijiang were carved out; Cangwu, Haojing, and Kaijiang were soon attached to Wuzhou, and in the ninth year Anle, Guihua, and Bolao were abolished. Siqin was rated lower grade. It was established after the Tianbao era. Majiang County. Majiang was rated lower grade. Formerly Kaijiang; it was later under Wuzhou and then again under Liuzhou. It was renamed in Changqing 3 (823). Zhao Prefecture, seat of the Pingle commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Le Prefecture, it was established in Wude 4 (621) from Pingle in Shian commandery and renamed in Zhenguan 8 (634). Tribute from the region included silver. It registered four thousand nine hundred eighteen households and twelve thousand six hundred ninety-one persons. It governed three counties. Pingle was rated lower grade. It was named for the Pingle River and had three stalactite caves. Shating was carved out in Wude 4 (621) and abolished in Zhenguan 7 (633). Gongcheng was rated lower grade. It was established by Xiao Xian. Twelve stalactite caves lay on Mount Yinzhang. Yongping County. Yongping was rated lower grade. Formerly under Teng Prefecture, it later came under Zhao Prefecture. Meng Prefecture, seat of the Mengshan commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Nangong Prefecture, it was established in Wude 5 (622) from Suihua of Lizhou and renamed in Zhenguan 8 (634). Tribute from the region included bran gold and silver. It registered one thousand fifty-nine households and five thousand nine hundred thirty-three persons. It governed three counties. Lishan was rated lower grade. Formerly Suihua; it was renamed in Wude 5 (622); Qinzheng was also carved out and established, then abolished in Zhenguan 12 (638). Dongqu was rated lower grade. It was established in Wude 5 (622) by splitting off from Lishan. In Zhenguan 6 (632) it was attached to Yan Prefecture and came under Meng Prefecture in the tenth year. Zhengyi County. Zhengyi was rated lower grade. Formerly Chunyi under Yan Prefecture, it came under Meng Prefecture in the tenth year. It was renamed in Yongzhen 1 (805). Yan Prefecture, seat of the Xunde commandery, was rated lower grade. In Qianfeng 2 (667) raw Liao were brought in and settled, and the prefecture was established on the former Qin Guilin commandery lands. Tribute from the region included silver. It registered one thousand eight hundred fifty-nine households and seven thousand fifty-one persons. It governed three counties. Laibin was rated lower grade. It was established in Qianfeng 2 (667). Xunde was rated lower grade. Formerly under Liuzhou, it later came under Yan Prefecture. Guihua County. Guihua was rated lower grade. It was established in Qianfeng 2 (667). Rong Prefecture, seat of the Rongshui commandery, was rated lower grade. It was established in Wude 4 (621) by carving out Yixi from Shian commandery. Tribute from the region included gold and cassia heartwood. It registered one thousand two hundred thirty-two households. It governed two counties. Rongshui was rated lower grade. Formerly Yixi; in Wude 4 (621) Linqiang, Huangshui, and Anxiu were carved out, and in the sixth year it was renamed. In Zhenguan 13 (639) Anxiu was abolished and merged into Linqiang. Wuyang County. Wuyang was rated lower grade. At the start of Tianbao, Huangshui and Linqiang were merged and re-established as Wuyang. Sitang Prefecture, seat of the Wulang commandery, was rated lower grade. It was established in Yonglong 2 (681) by splitting territory from Gong, Meng, and Xiang prefectures. In Kaiyuan 24 (736) it became a frontier-administered prefecture; in Jianzhong 1 (780) it became a regular prefecture. Tribute from the region included silver. It registered one hundred forty-one households. It governed two counties. Wulang was rated lower grade. Sihe County. Sihe was rated lower grade. Formerly Pingyuan; it was renamed in Changqing 3 (823). Gu Prefecture, seat of the Lexing commandery, was rated lower grade. In Zhenguan 12 (638), Li Hongjie opened the Yi and Liao and established the prefecture. Tribute from the region included wax. It registered two hundred eighty-five households. It governed three counties. Leshan, formerly Leyu, was renamed in Baoying 1 (762). Gushu was rated lower grade. Lexing County. Lexing was rated lower grade. Rong Prefecture, seat of the Puning commandery, was a lower-grade area military prefecture. Formerly Tong Prefecture, it was established in Wude 4 (621) from Beiliu and Puning in Hepu commandery. It was renamed in Zhenguan 8 (634). During the Yuanhe era the prefectural seat was moved to Puning. Tribute from the region included silver, cinnabar sand, and mercury. It registered four thousand nine hundred seventy households and seventeen thousand eighty-five persons. It governed six counties. The prefecture maintained a Pacification Army. Puning was rated lower grade. Beiliu was rated lower grade. In Wude 4 (621) Haoshi, Dangchang, Nanliu, Lingcheng, and Xin'an were carved out and established. In Zhenguan 11 (637) Xin'an was abolished; Haoshi and Dangchang were later abolished as well. Thirty li north lay Ghost Gate Pass, where two stones faced each other across a thirty-pace gap. Lingcheng was rated lower grade. Weilong was rated lower grade. It was established in Wude 4 (621) by splitting off from Puning. Xindao was rated lower grade. Formerly Ningren under Teng Prefecture. It was renamed in Zhenguan 23 (649) and came under Rong Prefecture. Luchuan County. Luchuan was rated lower grade. Formerly under Dong'e Prefecture, it came under Rong Prefecture at the end of the Tang. Lao Prefecture, seat of the Dingchuan commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Yi Prefecture, it was established in Wude 2 (619) on Man lands beyond the Ba-Shu frontier. In Zhenguan 11 (637) it was renamed for Lao Rock to the northeast, the seat was moved to Nanliu, and the prefecture was later abolished. In Qianfeng 3 (668), General Wang Gao pacified the Man and Liao and restored the prefecture. Tribute from the region included cloth and silver. It registered one thousand six hundred forty-one households and eleven thousand seven hundred fifty-six persons. It governed three counties. Nanliu was rated lower grade. Formerly under Rong Prefecture, Nanliu, Dingchuan, and Laochuan were carved out from Beiliu in Wude 4 (621); it was named for the Nanliu River a hundred paces south, and in Qianfeng 3 (668) all came under Lao Prefecture. Dingchuan was rated lower grade. Formerly under Pan Prefecture; it was named for the Dingchuan River. Dangchuan County. Dangchuan was rated lower grade. Formerly under Pan Prefecture; it was named for the Ludang River. Bai Prefecture, seat of the Nanchang commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Nan Prefecture, it was established in Wude 4 (621) on Hepu commandery lands and renamed in the sixth year. Tribute from the region included gold, silver, and pearls. It registered two thousand five hundred seventy-four households and nine thousand four hundred ninety-eight persons. It governed four counties. Bobai was rated lower grade. It was established in Wude 4 (621), along with Langping, Zhouluo, Longhao, Chunliang, and Jianning counties. In Zhenguan 6 (632) Dadu of Lian Prefecture was attached to it. In the twelfth year Langping and Chunliang were abolished; Dadu was later abolished as well. In Dali 8 (773) Longhao was attached to Shun Prefecture. One hundred li southwest lay Beishu Shoal; during the Xiantong era, Annan Protector-General Gao Pian recruited labor to level its dangerous rocks and open the water route. Jianning was rated lower grade. Zhouluo was rated lower grade. Nanchang County. Nanchang was rated lower grade. Formerly under Pan Prefecture, it later came under Bai Prefecture. Shun Prefecture, seat of the Shunyi commandery, was rated lower grade. In Dali 8 (773), Rong Circuit Pacification Commissioner Wang Hong carved out Yu, Luo, Bian, and Bai prefectures to establish it. Tribute from the region included silver. It registered five hundred nine households. It governed four counties. Longhua was rated lower grade. Established in Wude 4 (621) and named for Longhua River to the west; in the sixth year it was attached to Bian Prefecture. Wenshui was rated lower grade. Formerly under Yu Prefecture. Nanhe was rated lower grade. It was established in Wude 5 (622) from Shilong and attached to Luo Prefecture. Longhao County. It was carved out from Hepu in Wude 4 (621) and attached to Bai Prefecture. Xiu Prefecture, seat of the Changlin commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Lin Prefecture, it was established in Wude 4 (621) from Alin County and Yuping territory in Yulin commandery and renamed in the sixth year. Tribute from the region included gold. It registered nine thousand seven hundred seventy-three households. It governed three counties. Changlin was rated middle grade. It was established in Wude 4 (621), along with Luoxiu, Huanghua, and Guicheng counties. In Zhenguan 7 (633) Huanghua was attached to Xun Prefecture and Guicheng was abolished. Alin was rated lower-middle grade. Luoxiu County. Luoxiu was rated lower grade. Luyue was carved out in Wude 4 (621) and abolished into Luoxiu in Zhenguan 6 (632). Yulin Prefecture, seat of the Yulin commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Yu Prefecture, it was established in Linde 2 (665) from Shinan, Xingde, and Yuping of Gui Prefecture and renamed in Qianfeng 1 (666). Tribute from the region included cloth. It registered one thousand nine hundred eighteen households and nine thousand six hundred ninety-nine persons. It governed four counties. Yuping was rated lower grade. Formerly under Gui Prefecture, it later came under Yulin Prefecture. Xingye was rated lower grade. It was carved out from Shinan in Linde 2 (665); in Jianzhong 2 (781) Shinan was abolished and merged into it. Xingde was rated lower grade. Xiao Xian carved it out from Shinan, but it was soon abolished. It was restored in Wude 4 (621) by carving out from Yuping. Tanli County. Tanli was rated lower grade. Dang Prefecture, seat of the Ningren commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Yulin Prefecture territory, it was established in Yongchun 1 (682) by opening the ancient Dang cave. Tribute from the region included gold and silver. It registered one thousand one hundred forty-nine households and seven thousand four hundred four persons. It governed eight counties. Fu'an was rated lower grade. It lay in ancient Xiao'ou territory. Shanlao was rated lower-middle grade. Shanwen was rated lower grade. Ningren was rated lower grade. Rongshan was rated lower grade. Formerly Anren; in Yongchun 2 (682) Pingqin Prefecture was carved out from Dang Prefecture, governing Anren, Huaiyi, Fuyang, and Gufu. It was abolished in Chuigong 3 (687) and restored in Shenlong 3 (707). During the Zhide era Anren was renamed Rongshan. In Jianzhong 2 (781) the prefecture was abolished and all its counties came under Dang Prefecture. Huaiyi was rated lower grade. Fuyang was rated lower grade. Gufu County. Gufu was rated lower grade. Dou Prefecture, seat of the Huaide commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Nanfu Prefecture, it was established in Wude 4 (621) from Huaide in Yongxi commandery. When the Liao rebelled, the seat was provisionally at Long Prefecture; it was later moved to Xinyi. In Zhenguan 1 (627) the prefecture was abolished and the county was attached to Long Prefecture. It was restored in the second year; in the fifth year it was again abolished and the county was attached to Long Prefecture. It was restored in the sixth year and renamed in the eighth year. Tribute from the region included silver. It registered one thousand nineteen households and seven thousand three hundred thirty-nine persons. It governed four counties. Xinyi was rated lower-middle grade. Established in Wude 4 (621), with Tane carved out at the same time and Teliang carved out in the fifth year. Huaide was rated lower-middle grade. Tane was rated lower grade. Teliang County. Teliang was rated lower grade. Yu Prefecture, seat of the Wenshui commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Dong'e Prefecture; in Qianfeng 3 (668) General Wang Gao proposed carving out Bai, Bian, Dou, and Rong to establish it, and it was renamed in Zongzhang 2 (669). Tribute from the region included silver. It registered three thousand one hundred eighty households. It governed four counties. Eshi was rated lower grade. It was carved out from Wenshui of Bai Prefecture in Zongzhang 2 (669) and named for E Rock to the south. Luobian was rated lower grade. Formerly Luchuan under Bian Prefecture; it was later renamed. It lay in the territory of the Luobian cave. Fulai was rated lower grade. It was carved out from Xinyi in Wude 5 (622), attached to Dou Prefecture, and named for the Fulai River. It was abolished during the Zhenguan era and later restored. Dangchang County. Dangchang was rated lower grade. Formerly under Rong Prefecture. Lian Prefecture, seat of the Hepu commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly He Prefecture, called Yue Prefecture in Wude 4 (621); it was renamed in Zhenguan 8 (634) from the former Daliang cave lands. Tribute from the region included silver. It registered three thousand thirty-two households and thirteen thousand twenty-nine persons. It governed four counties. Hepu was rated lower-middle grade. In Wude 5 (622) Anchang, Gaocheng, Daliang, and Dadu were established. Zhuchi County was established in Zhenguan 6 (632). Later Dadu was attached to Bai Prefecture. In the twelfth year Zhuchi and Anchang were abolished and merged into it. Fengshan was rated lower grade. In Wude 5 (622) Jiang Prefecture was established, along with Dongluo and Cailong counties. In Zhenguan 10 (636) the prefecture was abolished and Fengshan, Dongluo, and Cailong came under Lian Prefecture. Dongluo was later abolished. Cailong was rated lower grade. It was named for the Cailong cave. In Zhenguan 12 (638) Gaocheng was abolished and merged into it. Daliang County. Daliang was rated lower grade. Yi Prefecture, seat of the Liancheng commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Nanyi Prefecture, it was established in Wude 5 (622) on Yongye County territory in Yongxi commandery. In Zhenguan 1 (627) the prefecture was abolished and the county was attached to Nanjian Prefecture. It was restored in the second year; in the fifth year it was again abolished and the county was attached to Nanjian Prefecture. It was restored in the sixth year and later renamed Yi Prefecture. Tribute from the region included silver. It registered one thousand one hundred ten households and seven thousand three hundred three persons. It governed three counties. Cenxi was rated lower grade. Formerly Longcheng; established in Wude 5 (622), along with Anyi and Yicheng counties. During the Zhide era Longcheng was renamed Cenxi. Yicheng was later abolished as well. Commandery Mountain lay within the county. Yongye was rated lower grade. Formerly Anyi; it was renamed in the Zhide era. Liancheng County. Liancheng was rated lower grade. It was established in Wude 5 (622) by carving out Zhengyi from Long Prefecture. The Protectorate-General of the Central Capital of Annan; originally Jiaozhi commandery; in Wude 5 (622) it was called Jiao Prefecture with its seat at Jiaozhi. In Diaolu 1 (679) it became the Protectorate-General of Annan; in Zhide 2 (757) the Protectorate-General of the Pacified South; in Dali 3 (768) it reverted to Annan. In Baoli 1 (825) the seat was moved to Songping. Tribute from the region included plantains, betel nuts, shark leather, python gall, and kingfisher feathers. It registered twenty-four thousand two hundred thirty households and ninety-nine thousand six hundred fifty-two persons. It governed eight counties. The protectorate maintained a Pacification Army. Songping was rated upper grade. In Wude 4 (621) Song Prefecture was established, along with Hongjiao and Nanding counties. In the fifth year Jiaozhi and Huaide were carved out and attached to Jiao Prefecture. In the sixth year it was called Southern Song Prefecture. In Zhenguan 1 (627) the prefecture was abolished, Hongjiao and Huaide were dropped, Jiaozhi was moved to the former Nanci site, and Songping came under Annan. Nanding was originally under Song Prefecture; carved out from Songping in Wude 4 (621) and attached to Jiao Prefecture in the fifth year. It was abolished in Dali 5 (770) and restored in Zhenyuan 8 (792). Taiping was rated lower-middle grade. Formerly Longping; established in Wude 4 (621), with Long Prefecture set up on the county and Yilian and Fengxi also established, seat at Yilian. In the sixth year it was called Southern Long Prefecture. In Zhenguan 1 (627) the prefecture was abolished, Yilian was dropped, Fengxi went to Feng Prefecture, and Longping came under Annan. It was renamed in Xiantian 1 (712). Jiaozhi was rated lower-middle grade. In Wude 4 (621) Ci Prefecture was established with Cilian, Wuyan, and Wuli counties, named for the Cilian River. In the sixth year it was called Southern Ci Prefecture. In Zhenguan 1 (627) the prefecture and three counties were abolished and Jiaozhi was re-established. Zhuyuan was rated upper grade. In Wude 4 (621) Yuan Prefecture was established, along with Gaoling and Ding'an counties. In Zhenguan 1 (627) the prefecture was abolished, Gaoling and Ding'an were dropped, and Zhuyuan came under Annan. Longbian was rated lower-middle grade. In Wude 4 (621) Long Prefecture was established, along with Wuning and Pingle counties. In Zhenguan 1 (627) the prefecture was abolished, Wuning and Pingle were dropped, Longbian went to Xian Prefecture, and when that prefecture was abolished it came under Annan. Pingdao was rated lower-middle grade. In Wude 4 (621) Dao Prefecture was established, along with Changguo County. In the sixth year it was called Southern Dao Prefecture and that same year renamed Xian Prefecture. In Zhenguan 10 (636) the prefecture was abolished, Changguo was dropped, and Pingdao came under Annan. Wuping County. Wuping was rated lower-middle grade. Formerly under Dao Prefecture, it came under Annan in Wude 5 (622). Lu Prefecture, seat of the Yushan commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Yushan Prefecture, it was established in Wude 5 (622) from Anhai and Yushan in Ningyue commandery. In Zhenguan 2 (628) the prefecture was abolished and its counties were attached to Qin Prefecture. It was restored and renamed in Shangyuan 2 (675) under Emperor Gaozong. Tribute from the region included silver, tortoise shell, soft-shelled turtle hide, kingfisher feathers, and aloeswood. It registered four hundred ninety-four households and two thousand six hundred seventy-four persons. It governed three counties. Wulei was rated lower grade. Huaqing was rated lower grade. Formerly Yushan; it was renamed in the Tianbao era. Ninghai County. Ninghai was rated lower grade. Formerly Anhai. Haiping was also established in Wude 4 (621) and abolished in Zhenguan 12 (638). It was renamed in Zhide 2 (757). Feng Prefecture, seat of the Chenghua commandery, was a lower-grade area military prefecture. It was established in Wude 4 (621) from Jianing in Jiaozhi commandery. Tribute from the region included silver, rattan ware, white tin, python gall, and cardamom. It registered one thousand nine hundred twenty households. It governed five counties. Jianing was rated lower grade. In Wude 4 (621) Xinchang, Anren, Zhuge, and Shidi were established, and it also governed Fengxi County. In Zhenguan 1 (627) Shidi and Fengxi were abolished into Jianing; Anren was later abolished as well. Chenghua was rated lower grade. Xinchang was rated lower grade. In Zhenguan 1 (627) Zhuge was abolished and merged into it. Gaoshan was established after the Yuanhe era. Zhulü County. It was established after the Yuanhe era. Ai Prefecture, seat of the Jiuzhen commandery, was rated lower grade. Tribute from the region included gauze, silk, and peacock tails. It registered fourteen thousand seven hundred households. It governed six counties. Jiuzhen was rated lower grade. In Wude 5 (622) Songyuan, Yangshan, and Anyu were established. In Zhenguan 1 (627) Yangshan and Anyu were abolished; Songyuan was abolished in the ninth year. Gold and stone chimes were found there. Anshun was rated lower grade. In Wude 5 (622) Shun Prefecture was established, with Donghe, Jianchang, and Bianhe carved out. In Zhenguan 1 (627) the prefecture was abolished, the three counties were merged into Anshun, and it came under Ai Prefecture. Chongping was rated lower grade. Formerly Long'an. In Wude 5 (622) An Prefecture was established with Jiaoshan, Jiandao, and Douwo, and Shan Prefecture with Gangshan, Zhenrun, Gu'an, Xi'an, and Jianchu. In Zhenguan 1 (627) An Prefecture was abolished, Jiaoshan, Jiandao, and Douwo were merged into Long'an, and it came under Ai Prefecture; Shan Prefecture was also abolished, Gangshan, Zhenrun, Gu'an, and Xi'an were merged into Jianchu, and it came under Ai Prefecture. In the eighth year Jianchu was abolished. In Xiantian 1 (712) Long'an was renamed Chong'an; in Zhide 2 (757) it was renamed again as Chongping. Jun'ning was rated lower grade. Formerly Jun'an; in Wude 5 (622) the county established Yong Prefecture; in the seventh year it was called Du Prefecture. In Zhenguan 1 (627) the prefecture was abolished and it was attached to Nanling Prefecture. It was renamed in Zhide 2 (757). Rinan was rated lower grade. In Wude 5 (622) Ji Prefecture was established with Jishan, Jinwu, and Fangzai; Qianzhen Prefecture was also established on Yifeng territory with Jiugao, Jianzheng, and Zhenning; Xu Prefecture was also established on Xupu with Panlong, Ruhou, Bodu, and Zhenxing. In the ninth year Ji Prefecture became Nanling Prefecture; in Zhenguan 1 (627) it was called Houzhen Prefecture. That year Qianzhen was abolished, Jiugao, Jianzheng, and Zhenning were dropped, and Yifeng went to Nanling; Xu Prefecture was also abolished, Panlong, Ruhou, Bodu, and Zhenxing were dropped, and Xupu went to Nanling. In the tenth year the prefecture was abolished and Jun'an, Rinan, Yifeng, and Xupu came under Ai Prefecture; Yifeng and Xupu were abolished in the Tianbao era. Changlin County. Changlin was rated lower grade. Formerly Wubian. Huan Prefecture, seat of the Rinan commandery, was a lower-grade area military prefecture. Formerly Nande Prefecture; called De Prefecture in Wude 8 (625) and renamed again in Zhenguan 1 (627). Tribute from the region included gold, gold leaf, yellow filings, ivory, rhinoceros horn, aloeswood, and spotted bamboo. It registered nine thousand six hundred nineteen households and fifty thousand eight hundred eighteen persons. It governed four counties. Jiude was rated lower-middle grade. In Wude 5 (622) Anyuan, Tanluo, and Guang'an were established. That year Guang'an set up Yuan Prefecture with Shuiyuan, Anyin, Helong, and Changjiang. In Zhenguan 8 (634) it was renamed A Prefecture; in the thirteenth year the prefecture was abolished, Shuiyuan, Helong, and Changjiang were dropped, and Guang'an and Anyin came under Huan Prefecture. Anyuan, Tanluo, Guang'an, and Anyin were later all abolished. Puyang was rated lower grade. Yuechang was rated lower grade. In Wude 5 (622) Ming Prefecture was established with Wan'an, Minghong, and Mingding; Zhi Prefecture was also established on Wengu and Jinning of Rinan commandery with Xinzhen and Chanyuan. In Zhenguan 1 (627) it was renamed Southern Zhi Prefecture and Xinzhen and Chanyuan were abolished. In the thirteenth year Ming Prefecture was abolished, Wan'an, Minghong, and Mingding were merged into Yuechang, and it was attached to Zhi Prefecture. Later Zhi Prefecture was abolished, Wengu and Jinning were merged into Yuechang, and it came under Huan Prefecture. Initially Lin Prefecture was set on the Sui Linyi commandery and Bi Prefecture on the Bijing commandery. Bi Prefecture was renamed Southern Jing Prefecture; in Zhenguan 2 (628) Linyi was pacified and the seat was provisionally on Huan Prefecture's southern border, governing Bijing and Zhuwu, with Youwen also established. In the eighth year it was renamed Jing Prefecture. In the ninth year Lin Prefecture was established, also provisionally on Huan Prefecture's southern border, governing Linyi, Jinlong, and Haijie. Shan Prefecture was also established, governing Longchi and Penshan. The Puyang garrison lay within the prefecture. It registered one thousand three hundred twenty households and five thousand two hundred persons. Later it became Longchi commandery. All were abolished at the end of the Zhenyuan era. Huaihuan County. Huaihuan was rated lower grade. Formerly Xianhuan; in Wude 5 (622) Huan Prefecture was established with Anren, Fuyan, Xiangjing, and Xiyuan, seat at Anren. In Zhenguan 1 (627) it was renamed Yan Prefecture. In the thirteenth year Xiangjing was abolished. In the sixteenth year the prefecture was abolished, Anren, Fuyan, and Xiyuan were dropped, and Xianhuan came under Huan Prefecture. Later Xianhuan was renamed Huaihuan. Chang Prefecture, seat of the Wenyang commandery, was rated lower grade. It was established in the Tang. Tribute from the region included gold. It registered six hundred forty-eight households. It governed four counties. Wenyang was rated lower grade. Tongcai was rated lower grade. Changshan was rated lower grade. Qichang County. Qichang was rated lower grade. Fulu Prefecture, seat of the Tanglin commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly Fulu commandery; in Zongzhang 2 (669), Zhi Prefect Xie Facheng pacified raw Liao of Kunming, Beilou, and more than seven thousand households on former Tanglin lands. In Dazu 1 (701) it was renamed Anwu Prefecture; in Zhide 2 (757) the commandery became Tanglin; in Qianyuan 1 (758) the prefecture name was restored. Tribute from the region included white tin and purple gold. It registered three hundred seventeen households. It governed three counties. Rouyuan, formerly Anyuan, was renamed in Zhide 2 (757). Tanglin; in early Tang Tanglin and Anyuan counties had established Tanglin Prefecture; later both prefecture and counties were abolished and re-established. Fulu County. Fulu was rated lower grade. Tang Prefecture, seat of the Tangquan commandery, was rated lower grade. It was established in Tang on former Qin Xiang commandery lands. Tribute from the region included gold. It governed three counties. Tangquan was rated lower grade. Lüshui was rated lower grade. Luoshao County. Luoshao was rated lower grade. Zhi Prefecture, seat of the Xincheng commandery, was rated lower grade. It was established in the Tang. It registered one thousand two hundred households and five thousand three hundred persons. It governed seven counties. Xincheng was rated lower grade. Fuchuan was rated lower grade. Pingxi was rated lower grade. Leguang was rated lower grade. Leyan was rated lower grade. Duoyun was rated lower grade. Silong County. Silong was rated lower grade. Wu'e Prefecture, seat of the Wu'e commandery, was rated lower grade. It was established in the Tang. It registered one thousand eight hundred fifty households and five thousand three hundred twenty persons. It governed seven counties. Wu'e was rated lower grade. Ruma was rated lower grade. Wuyi was rated lower grade. Wuyuan was rated lower grade. Wulao was rated lower grade. Liangshan County. Liangshan was rated lower grade. Yan Prefecture, seat of the Longchi commandery, was rated lower grade. Formerly the Zhongyi commandery, also called the Yanshui commandery. It was abolished in the Zhenguan era and restored in Guangde 2 (763) by carving out from Huan Prefecture. Tribute from the region included gold. It registered one thousand four hundred fifty households. It governed seven counties. Zhongyi was rated lower grade. Huaihuan was rated lower grade. Longchi was rated lower grade. Sinong was rated lower grade. Wulang was rated lower grade. Wurong was rated lower grade. Wujin County. Wujin was rated lower grade. Wu'an Prefecture, seat of the Wuqu commandery, was rated lower grade. Tribute from the region included gold and morning-glow cloth. It registered four hundred fifty households. It governed two counties. Wu'an was rated lower grade. Linjiang County. Linjiang was rated lower grade.
3
開元中安南所領有龐州,土貢:孔雀尾、紫𨥥; 又有南登州。 後皆廢省。
In the Kaiyuan era Annan also governed Pang Prefecture, whose tribute included peacock tails and purple gold; there was also Nandeng Prefecture. Later all were abolished.
4
右嶺南採訪使,治廣州。
Above: the Lingnan Pacification Commissioner, with his seat at Guangzhou.
5
志州「志」一作「總」。
Zhi Prefecture—"Zhi" in one version reads "Zong".