1
高祖、太宗之制，兵列府以居外，將列衛以居內，有事則將以征伐，事已各解而去。 兵者，將之事也，使得以用，而不得以有之。 及其晚也，土地之廣，人民之衆，城池之固，器甲之利，舉而予之。 何慮於其始也深，而易於其後也忽，如此之異哉？ 豈其弊有漸，馴而致之，勢有不得已而然哉？ 方鎮之患，始也各專其地以自世，旣則迫於利害之謀，故其喜則連衡而叛上，怒則以力而相并，又其甚則起而弱王室。 唐自中世以後，收功弭亂，雖常倚鎮兵，而其亡也亦終以此，可不戒哉！ 作方鎮表。
Under the systems of Emperors Gaozu and Taizong, troops were stationed in prefectural armies posted outside the capital, while commanders were grouped in guard units stationed within; when need arose the generals would campaign, and once the task was finished each force disbanded and withdrew. Troops belonged to the generals' command—they could deploy them in service, but not claim them as their own. By the dynasty's later days, vast territories, large populations, fortified cities, and superior arms were all handed over wholesale. Why was precaution so thorough at the outset, yet reform so abruptly abandoned afterward—what a striking contrast! Perhaps the decline came by degrees, gently leading to this end—was it not a situation that could scarcely have been otherwise? The trouble with the frontier commanderies began when each clique monopolized its region as a hereditary fief; once entrenched and driven by calculations of profit and loss, they allied against the throne when it suited them, fought one another by force when provoked, and at worst rose up to enfeeble the imperial house. From the mid-Tang period onward, though the court often drew on frontier armies to restore order and secure victory, the dynasty's fall too ultimately stemmed from this very reliance—should we not take warning! The compilers drew up the table of military commanderies.
2
表第四方鎮表一
Table 4: Military Commanderies, Part One.
3
西元京畿興鳳隴涇原邠寧渭北鄜坊朔方東畿
CE dates. Columns: Capital Region; Xing–Feng–Long; Jing–Yuan; Bin–Ning; Wei-Bei Fu–Fang; Shuofang; Eastern Capital Region.
4
710景雲元年
710 CE, first year of the Jingyun reign.
5
711二年
711 CE, second year.
6
712先天元年
712 CE, first year of the Xiantian reign.
7
713開元元年
713 CE, first year of the Kaiyuan reign.
8
714二年
714 CE, second year.
9
715三年
715 CE, third year.
10
716四年
716 CE, fourth year.
11
717五年
717 CE, fifth year.
12
718六年
718 CE, sixth year.
13
719七年
719 CE, seventh year.
14
720八年
720 CE, eighth year.
15
721九年置朔方軍節度使，領單于大都護府，夏、鹽、綏、銀、豐、勝六州，定遠、豐安二軍，東、中、西三受降城。
In 721, the ninth year of Kaiyuan, the Shuofang Army military commissioner was established, commanding the Chanyu Grand Protectorate, six prefectures (Xia, Salt, Sui, Yin, Feng, and Sheng), the Dingyuan and Feng'an garrisons, and the eastern, central, and western Accept-the-Surrender fortresses.
16
722十年朔方節度增領魯、麗、契三州。
In 722, the tenth year of Kaiyuan, the Shuofang military commissioner gained jurisdiction over Lu, Li, and Qi prefectures.
17
723十一年
723 CE, eleventh year.
18
724十二年
724 CE, twelfth year.
19
725十三年
725 CE, thirteenth year.
20
726十四年朔方節度領關內支度營田使。
In 726, the fourteenth year of Kaiyuan, the Shuofang military commissioner took charge of the Guannei supply and garrison-fields commissioner.
21
727十五年朔方節度兼關內鹽池使。
In 727, the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan, the Shuofang military commissioner concurrently held the Guannei salt pools commissioner.
22
728十六年廢達渾都督府。 朔方節度兼檢校渾部落使。
In 728, the sixteenth year of Kaiyuan, the Dada Hun Protectorate was abolished. The Shuofang military commissioner concurrently served as inspector-general of the Hun tribes.
23
729十七年
729 CE, seventeenth year.
24
730十八年
730 CE, eighteenth year.
25
731十九年
731 CE, nineteenth year.
26
732二十年朔方節度增領押諸蕃部落使及閑廄宮苑監牧使。
In 732, the twentieth year of Kaiyuan, the Shuofang military commissioner also took charge of frontier tribal oversight and the imperial stud, palace parks, and pasture commissioner.
27
733二十一年
733 CE, twenty-first year.
28
734二十二年朔方節度兼關內道採訪處置使，增涇、原、寧、慶、隴、鄜、坊、丹、延、會、宥、麟十二州，以匡、長二州隸慶州，安樂二州隸原州。
In 734, the twenty-second year of Kaiyuan, the Shuofang military commissioner also served as Guannei investigation and disposal commissioner, gaining twelve prefectures (Jing, Yuan, Ning, Qing, Long, Fu, Fang, Dan, Yan, Hui, You, and Lin); Kuang and Chang were assigned to Qing Prefecture, and An and Le to Yuan Prefecture.
29
735二十三年
735 CE, twenty-third year.
30
736二十四年
736 CE, twenty-fourth year.
31
737二十五年
737 CE, twenty-fifth year.
32
738二十六年
738 CE, twenty-sixth year.
33
739二十七年
739 CE, twenty-seventh year.
34
740二十八年
740 CE, twenty-eighth year.
35
741二十九年朔方節度兼六城水運使。
In 741, the twenty-ninth year of Kaiyuan, the Shuofang military commissioner concurrently held the Six Cities water transport commissioner.
36
742天寶元年朔方節度增領邠州。
In 742, the first year of Tianbao, the Shuofang military commissioner gained jurisdiction over Bin Prefecture.
37
743二年
743 CE, second year.
38
744三載
744 CE, third year.
39
745四載
745 CE, fourth year.
40
746五載
746 CE, fifth year.
41
747六載
747 CE, sixth year.
42
748七載
748 CE, seventh year.
43
749八載朔方節度兼隴右兵馬使。
In 749, the eighth year of Tianbao, the Shuofang military commissioner concurrently held the Longyou troops and horses commissioner.
44
750九載
750 CE, ninth year.
45
751十載
751 CE, tenth year.
46
752十一載
752 CE, eleventh year.
47
753十二載
753 CE, twelfth year.
48
754十三載以豐州置九原朔方節度、隴右兵馬使。
In 754, the thirteenth year of Tianbao, the Jiuyuan Shuofang circuit and Longyou troops and horses commissioner were established at Feng Prefecture.
49
755十四載
755 CE, fourteenth year.
50
756至德元載置京畿節度使，領京兆、同、岐、金、商五州。 是年，以金、商、岐州隸興平鳳翔，同州隸河中。 別置關內節度使以代採訪使，徙治安化郡。 置東畿觀察使，領懷、鄭、汝、陝四州，尋以鄭州隸淮西。
In 756, the first year of Zhide, the Capital Region military commissioner was established, commanding Jingzhao, Tong, Qi, Jin, and Shang prefectures. That same year, Jin, Shang, and Qi prefectures were assigned to Xingping Fengxiang, and Tong Prefecture to Hezhong. A separate Guannei military commissioner was installed in place of the investigation commissioner, with the seat moved to Anhua Commandery. The Eastern Capital Region observation commissioner was established, commanding Huai, Zheng, Ru, and Shan prefectures; soon Zheng Prefecture was transferred to Huaixi.
51
757二載
757 CE, second year.
52
758乾元元年置振武節度押藩落使，領鎮北大都護府、麟勝二州。 陝州隸陝虢華節度，汝州隸豫許汝節度。
In 758, the first year of Qianyuan, the Zhenwu military commissioner with frontier-tribal oversight was established, commanding the Zhenbei Grand Protectorate and Lin and Sheng prefectures. Shan Prefecture was assigned to the Shan–Guo–Hua circuit, and Ru Prefecture to the Yu–Xu–Ru circuit.
53
759二年置邠寧節度使，領州九：邠、寧、慶、涇、原、鄜、坊、丹、延。 置陝虢華節度，領潼關防禦、團練、鎮守等使，治陝州。
In 759, the second year of Qianyuan, the Bin–Ning military commissioner was established, commanding nine prefectures: Bin, Ning, Qing, Jing, Yuan, Fu, Fang, Dan, and Yan. The Shan–Guo–Hua circuit was established, commanding the Tong Pass defense, training, and garrison commissioners, with its seat at Shan Prefecture.
54
760上元元年置興鳳隴節度使。 罷領鄜、坊、丹、延。 置渭北鄜坊節度使，治坊州，並領丹、延二州。 改陝虢華節度為陝西節度，兼神策軍使，尋置觀察使。
In 760, the first year of Shangyuan, the Xing–Feng–Long military commissioner was established. Relinquished Fu, Fang, Dan, and Yan prefectures. The Wei–Bei Fu–Fang military commissioner was established at Fang Prefecture, also commanding Dan and Yan prefectures. The Shan–Guo–Hua circuit was renamed the Shanxi West circuit and given concurrent command of the Divine Strategy Army; an observation commissioner was soon added.
55
761二年以華州置鎮國節度，亦曰關東節度。 廢關內節度使，罷領單于大都護，以涇、原、寧、慶、坊、丹、延隸邠寧節度，麟、勝隸振武節度。 陝西節度罷領華州。
In 761, the second year of Shangyuan, the Zhenguo circuit was established at Hua Prefecture, also known as the Guandong circuit. The Guannei military commissioner was abolished and stripped of the Chanyu Grand Protectorate; Jing, Yuan, Ning, Qing, Fang, Dan, and Yan were assigned to Bin–Ning, and Lin and Sheng to Zhenwu. The Shanxi West military commissioner relinquished Hua Prefecture.
56
762寶應元年京畿節度使復領金、商。 是年，廢節度使。 朔方節度復兼單于大都護，罷河中、振武節度，以所管七州隸朔方。 陝西觀察使增領都防禦使。
In 762, the first year of Baoying, the Capital Region military commissioner regained Jin and Shang prefectures. That same year, the military commissioner was abolished. The Shuofang military commissioner again concurrently held the Chanyu Grand Protectorate; the Hezhong and Zhenwu circuits were abolished, and their seven prefectures were assigned to Shuofang. The Shanxi West observation commissioner gained the chief defense commissioner in his duties.
57
763廣德元年罷鎮國軍節度。 懷州隸昭義，陝西觀察使增領虢州。
In 763, the first year of Guangde, the Zhenguo Army military commissioner was abolished. Huai Prefecture was assigned to the Zhaoyi circuit, and the Shanxi West observation commissioner gained Guo Prefecture.
58
764二年置京畿觀察使，以御史中丞兼之。 朔方節度復兼單于大都護，罷河中、振武節度，以所管七州隸朔方。 罷東畿觀察使。
In 764, the second year of Guangde, the Capital Region observation commissioner was established, filled concurrently by the vice censor-in-chief. The Shuofang military commissioner again concurrently held the Chanyu Grand Protectorate; the Hezhong and Zhenwu circuits were abolished, and their seven prefectures were assigned to Shuofang. The Eastern Capital Region observation commissioner was abolished.
59
765永泰元年以御史大夫兼京畿觀察使。 渭北鄜坊節度使罷領丹、延二州，增領綏州，以丹、延二州別置都團練使，治延州。 是年，增領安塞軍使，尋升為觀察使。
In 765, the first year of Yongtai, the censor-in-chief concurrently held the Capital Region observation commissioner. The Wei–Bei Fu–Fang military commissioner relinquished Dan and Yan, gained Sui Prefecture, and a separate chief training commissioner was established for Dan and Yan at Yan Prefecture. That same year the Anse Army commissioner was added to its duties; soon the post was raised to observation commissioner.
60
766大曆元年
766 CE, first year of the Dali reign.
61
767二年
767 CE, second year.
62
768三年置涇原節度使，治涇州。 罷邠寧節度使。 朔方節度增領邠、寧、慶三州。
In 768, the third year of Dali, the Jing–Yuan military commissioner was established, with its seat at Jing Prefecture. The Bin–Ning military commissioner was abolished. The Shuofang military commissioner gained jurisdiction over Bin, Ning, and Qing prefectures.
63
769四年
769 CE, fourth year.
64
770五年涇原節度使馬璘訴地貧軍廩不給，遙領鄭、潁二州。
In 770, the fifth year of Dali, the Jing–Yuan military commissioner Ma Lin complained that the land was poor and army granaries inadequate, and was given remote jurisdiction over Zheng and Ying prefectures.
65
771六年渭北鄜坊節度使更名渭北節度使，復領丹、延二州，廢丹延觀察使。
In 771, the sixth year of Dali, the Wei–Bei Fu–Fang military commissioner was renamed the Wei–Bei military commissioner, regained Dan and Yan prefectures, and the Dan–Yan observation commissioner was abolished.
66
772七年
772 CE, seventh year.
67
773八年
773 CE, eighth year.
68
774九年
774 CE, ninth year.
69
775十年
775 CE, tenth year.
70
776十一年
776 CE, eleventh year.
71
777十二年
777 CE, twelfth year.
72
778十三年
778 CE, thirteenth year.
73
779十四年潁州隸永平節度使。 復置邠寧慶節度使。 罷渭北節度，置都團練觀察使。 析置河中、振武、邠寧三節度，朔方所領靈鹽夏豐四州、西受降城、定遠天德二軍。 振武節度復領鎮北大都護府及綏銀二州、東中二受降城。 復置東畿觀察使，以留臺御史中丞兼之，復領汝州，廢陝西防禦觀察使。
In 779, the fourteenth year of Dali, Ying Prefecture was transferred to the Yongping military commissioner. The Bin–Ning–Qing military commissioner was reinstated. The Wei–Bei military commissioner was abolished and replaced by a chief training and observation commissioner. Hezhong, Zhenwu, and Bin–Ning were established as separate circuits, leaving Shuofang with four prefectures—Ling, Yan, Xia, and Feng—along with West Accept-the-Surrender Fortress and the Dingyuan and Tiande garrisons. The Zhenwu military commissioner regained the Zhenbei Grand Protectorate, Sui and Yin prefectures, and the eastern and central Accept-the-Surrender fortresses. The Eastern Capital Region observation commissioner was reinstated, filled concurrently by the Left Censorate vice censor-in-chief at Luoyang; Ru Prefecture was restored to his command and the Shanxi West defense and observation commissioner was abolished.
74
780建中元年
780 CE, first year of the Jianzhong reign.
75
781二年鄭州隸永平節度。 以汝州隸河陽，尋復舊。 復置陝西防禦使。 置河陽三城節度使。 以東都畿觀察使兼之，領懷、鄭、汝、陝四州，尋置使，增領東畿五縣及衛州，亦曰懷衛節度使。
In 781, the second year of Jianzhong, Zheng Prefecture was assigned to the Yongping circuit. Ru Prefecture was transferred to Heyang; soon the previous arrangement was restored. The Shanxi West defense commissioner was reinstated. The Heyang Three Cities military commissioner was established. The Eastern Capital Region observation commissioner held the post concurrently, commanding Huai, Zheng, Ru, and Shan prefectures; soon a dedicated commissioner was appointed who also took the five Eastern Capital Region counties and Weizhou, also known as the Huaiwei military commissioner.
76
782三年
782 CE, third year.
77
783四年置京畿渭南節度觀察使，領金、商二州。 是年，兼渭北、鄜坊、丹、延、綏五州。 未幾，罷五州及金州，為京畿商州節度使。 興鳳隴節度賜號保義節度。 是年，罷保義，以隴州置奉義軍節度使，尋廢。 復置渭北節度，如上元之舊，尋罷。 未幾復置，徙治鄜州，其後置都團練觀察防禦使。 罷觀察，置東畿汝州節度。
In 783, the fourth year of Jianzhong, a Capital Region Wei–Nan military and observation commissioner was created, commanding Jin and Shang prefectures. That same year he also took charge of Wei–Bei, Fu–Fang, Dan, Yan, and Sui—five prefectures in all. Before long those five prefectures and Jin were removed from his charge; the post became military commissioner of the Capital Region Shang Prefecture circuit. The Xing–Feng–Long military commissioner was given the honorific name Baoyi circuit. That same year the Baoyi circuit was abolished and a Fengyi Army military commissioner was created at Long Prefecture; before long this too was abolished. The Wei–Bei military commissioner was restored on the old Shangyuan model; before long it was abolished again. Before long it was reinstated with its seat moved to Fu Prefecture; later a chief training, observation, and defense commissioner was appointed. The observation post was abolished and an Eastern Capital Region Ru Prefecture military commissioner was installed.
78
置陝西都防禦使，尋升為節度使。
A Shanxi West chief defense commissioner was appointed and soon raised to military commissioner.
79
784興元元年罷京畿節度使，以同州為奉誠軍節度，領同、晉、慈、隰四州。 是年罷，以華州置潼關節度使。 廢陝西節度使。
In 784, the first year of Xingyuan, the Capital Region military commissioner was abolished; the Fengcheng Army circuit was established at Tong Prefecture, commanding Tong, Jin, Ci, and Xi prefectures. That same year it was abolished, and the Tong Pass military commissioner was established at Hua Prefecture. The Shanxi West military commissioner was abolished.
80
785貞元元年保義節度增領臨洮軍使。 廢東都畿汝州節度，置都防禦使，以東都留守兼之，增領唐、鄧二州。 置陝虢都防禦使，治陝州。 踰月，又為都防禦觀察陸運使。 罷河陽節度，置都團練使。
In 785, the first year of Zhenyuan, the Baoyi circuit gained the Lintao Army commissioner in its jurisdiction. The Eastern Capital Region Ru Prefecture circuit was abolished; a chief defense commissioner was appointed, filled concurrently by the Eastern Capital guardian, who also gained Tang and Deng prefectures. The Shan–Guo chief defense commissioner was established, with its seat at Shan Prefecture. After a month, the post was expanded to chief defense, observation, and overland transport commissioner. The Heyang circuit was abolished and replaced by a chief training commissioner.
81
786二年升東都畿汝州都防禦使為都防禦觀察使。
In 786, the second year of Zhenyuan, the Eastern Capital Region Ru Prefecture chief defense commissioner was raised to chief defense and observation commissioner.
82
787三年罷保義節度，置都團練觀察防禦使。 未幾，復置節度，兼右神策軍行營節度使。 初，隴右節度兵入屯秦州，尋徙岐州，及吐蕃陷隴右，德宗置行秦州，以刺史兼隴右經略使，治普潤，以鳳翔節度使領隴右支度營田觀察使。 復置渭北節度使，以綏州隸銀夏節度。 置夏州節度觀察處置押蕃落使，領綏、鹽二州，其後罷領鹽州。 唐、鄧二州隸山南東道。
In 787, the third year of Zhenyuan, the Baoyi circuit was abolished and a chief training, observation, and defense commissioner was installed. Before long the military commissioner was reinstated, concurrently commanding the Right Divine Strategy Army campaign. At first Longyou troops were posted at Qin Prefecture and soon shifted to Qi; after the Tibetans overran Longyou, Dezong created an Acting Qin Prefecture whose prefect doubled as Longyou pacification commissioner at Purun, while the Fengxiang military commissioner took charge of Longyou supply, garrison-fields, and observation duties. The Wei–Bei military commissioner was reinstated, and Sui Prefecture was assigned to the Yin–Xia circuit. A Xia Prefecture military commissioner with frontier-tribal oversight was created, commanding Sui and Salt prefectures; later Salt Prefecture was withdrawn from his charge. Tang and Deng prefectures were transferred to the Shannan East circuit.
83
788四年
788 CE, fourth year.
84
789五年罷東都畿汝州觀察使，置都防禦使，汝州別置防禦使。
In 789, the fifth year of Zhenyuan, the Eastern Capital Region Ru Prefecture observation commissioner was abolished; a chief defense commissioner was installed, and a separate defense commissioner was created for Ru Prefecture.
85
790六年涇原節度領四鎮北庭行軍節度使。
In 790, the sixth year of Zhenyuan, the Jing–Yuan military commissioner took charge of the Four Garrisons and Beiting campaign military commissioner.
86
791七年
791 CE, seventh year.
87
792八年
792 CE, eighth year.
88
793九年罷潼關節度。
In 793, the ninth year of Zhenyuan, the Tong Pass circuit was abolished.
89
794十年
794 CE, tenth year.
90
795十一年
795 CE, eleventh year.
91
796十二年朔方節度罷領豐州及西受降城、天德軍，以振武之東、中二受降城隸天德軍，以天德軍置都團練防禦使，領豐會二州、三受降城。 復置河陽懷節度，治河陽。
In 796, the twelfth year of Zhenyuan, Shuofang relinquished Feng Prefecture, West Accept-the-Surrender Fortress, and the Tiande Army; Zhenwu's eastern and central Accept-the-Surrender fortresses were assigned to Tiande, where a chief training and defense commissioner was established commanding Feng and Hui prefectures and the three Accept-the-Surrender fortresses. The Heyang–Huai circuit was reinstated, with its seat at Heyang.
92
797十三年
797 CE, thirteenth year.
93
798十四年
798 CE, fourteenth year.
94
799十五年
799 CE, fifteenth year.
95
800十六年
800 CE, sixteenth year.
96
801十七年
801 CE, seventeenth year.
97
802十八年
802 CE, eighteenth year.
98
803十九年
803 CE, nineteenth year.
99
804二十年
804 CE, twentieth year.
100
805永貞元年
805 CE, first year of the Yongzhen reign.
101
806元和元年升隴右經略使為保義節度，尋罷保義，復舊名。 是年，增領靈臺、良原、崇信三鎮。 析丹州置防禦使。
In 806, the first year of Yuanhe, the Longyou pacification commissioner was raised to the Baoyi circuit; soon Baoyi was abolished and the former title restored. That same year, the garrisons of Lingtai, Liangyuan, and Chongxin were added to its jurisdiction. A defense commissioner was established by carving out Dan Prefecture.
102
807二年
807 CE, second year.
103
808三年罷東都畿汝州都防禦使。
In 808, the third year of Yuanhe, the Eastern Capital Region Ru Prefecture chief defense commissioner was abolished.
104
809四年涇原節度增領行渭州。
In 809, the fourth year of Yuanhe, the Jing–Yuan military commissioner gained jurisdiction over Acting Wei Prefecture.
105
810五年
810 CE, fifth year.
106
811六年
811 CE, sixth year.
107
812七年
812 CE, seventh year.
108
813八年
813 CE, eighth year.
109
814九年夏州節度增領宥州。 河陽節度增領汝州，徙治汝州。
In 814, the ninth year of Yuanhe, the Xia Prefecture military commissioner gained jurisdiction over You Prefecture. The Heyang military commissioner gained Ru Prefecture and moved its seat to Ru Prefecture.
110
815十年
815 CE, tenth year.
111
816十一年
816 CE, eleventh year.
112
817十二年
817 CE, twelfth year.
113
818十三年汝州隸東畿，復置東都畿汝州都防禦使，兼東都留守如故，罷河陽節度。
In 818, the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, Ru Prefecture was assigned to the Eastern Capital Region; the Eastern Capital Region Ru Prefecture chief defense commissioner was reinstated, still filled concurrently by the Eastern Capital guardian, and the Heyang circuit was abolished.
114
819十四年
819 CE, fourteenth year.
115
820十五年
820 CE, fifteenth year.
116
821長慶元年東都畿防禦罷領汝州。
In 821, the first year of Changqing, the Eastern Capital Region defense commissioner relinquished Ru Prefecture.
117
822二年東都畿復領汝州。
In 822, the second year of Changqing, the Eastern Capital Region regained Ru Prefecture.
118
823三年
823 CE, third year.
119
824四年
824 CE, fourth year.
120
825寶曆元年
825 CE, first year of the Baoli reign.
121
826二年
826 CE, second year.
122
827大和元年
827 CE, first year of the Dahe reign.
123
828二年
828 CE, second year.
124
829三年以陝虢地近京師，罷陝虢都防禦使。
In 829, the third year of Dahe, because Shan–Guo territory lay near the capital, the Shan–Guo chief defense commissioner was abolished.
125
830四年
830 CE, fourth year.
126
831五年
831 CE, fifth year.
127
832六年
832 CE, sixth year.
128
833七年以銀州刺史領銀川監牧使。
In 833, the seventh year of Dahe, the Yin Prefecture prefect was made overseer of the Yinchuan pastures.
129
834八年
834 CE, eighth year.
130
835九年
835 CE, ninth year.
131
836開成元年復置陝虢都防禦觀察使。
In 836, the first year of Kaicheng, the Shan–Guo chief defense and observation commissioner was reinstated.
132
837二年
837 CE, second year.
133
838三年夏州節度使領採造供軍、銀川監牧使。
In 838, the third year of Kaicheng, the Xia Prefecture military commissioner took charge of timber-cutting and army supply and the Yinchuan pasture overseer.
134
839四年
839 CE, fourth year.
135
840五年
840 CE, fifth year.
136
841會昌元年
841 CE, first year of the Huichang reign.
137
842二年天德軍使賜號歸義軍節度使，尋廢。
In 842, the second year of Huichang, the Tiande Army commissioner was granted the honorific name Guiyi Army military commissioner; soon it was abolished.
138
843三年改單于大都護為安北都護。 復置河陽節度，徙治孟州。
In 843, the third year of Huichang, the Chanyu Grand Protectorate was renamed the Anbei Grand Protectorate. The Heyang military commissioner was reinstated, with its seat moved to Meng Prefecture.
139
844四年河陽節度增領澤州。
In 844, the fourth year of Huichang, the Heyang military commissioner gained jurisdiction over Ze Prefecture.
140
845五年
845 CE, fifth year.
141
846六年
846 CE, sixth year.
142
847大中元年
847 CE, first year of the Dazhong reign.
143
848二年
848 CE, second year.
144
849三年邠寧節度以南山平夏部落叛，徙治寧州，及內附，復徙故治。
In 849, the third year of Dazhong, because the Pingxia tribes of the southern mountains rebelled, the Bin–Ning military commissioner moved its seat to Ning Prefecture; when they submitted, the seat returned to its former location.
145
850四年增領秦州。
In 850, the fourth year of Dazhong, Qin Prefecture was added to its jurisdiction.
146
851五年罷領隴州，以隴州置防禦使，領黃頭軍使。 增領武州。
In 851, the fifth year of Dazhong, Long Prefecture was withdrawn from its command; a defense commissioner was established at Long Prefecture, commanding the Huangtou Army commissioner. Wu Prefecture was added to its jurisdiction.
147
852六年
852 CE, sixth year.
148
853七年
853 CE, seventh year.
149
854八年朔方節度增領威州。
In 854, the eighth year of Dazhong, the Shuofang military commissioner gained jurisdiction over Wei Prefecture.
150
855九年
855 CE, ninth year.
151
856十年夏州節度使增領撫平党項等使。
In 856, the tenth year of Dazhong, the Xia Prefecture military commissioner also took charge of pacifying the Dangxiang and related peoples.
152
857十一年
857 CE, eleventh year.
153
858十二年
858 CE, twelfth year.
154
859十三年
859 CE, thirteenth year.
155
860咸通元年
860 CE, first year of the Xiantong reign.
156
861二年
861 CE, second year.
157
862三年
862 CE, third year.
158
863四年
863 CE, fourth year.
159
864五年秦州隸天雄軍節度。
In 864, the fifth year of Xiantong, Qin Prefecture was assigned to the Tianxiong Army circuit.
160
865六年
865 CE, sixth year.
161
866七年
866 CE, seventh year.
162
867八年
867 CE, eighth year.
163
868九年
868 CE, ninth year.
164
869十年
869 CE, tenth year.
165
870十一年
870 CE, eleventh year.
166
871十二年
871 CE, twelfth year.
167
872十三年
872 CE, thirteenth year.
168
873十四年
873 CE, fourteenth year.
169
874乾符元年
874 CE, first year of the Qianfu reign.
170
875二年
875 CE, second year.
171
876三年
876 CE, third year.
172
877四年
877 CE, fourth year.
173
878五年
878 CE, fifth year.
174
879六年
879 CE, sixth year.
175
880廣明元年
880 CE, first year of the Guangming reign.
176
881中和元年
881 CE, first year of the Zhonghe reign.
177
882二年渭北節度賜號保大軍節度，增領翟州，以延州置保塞軍節度。 夏州節度賜號定難節度。
In 882, the second year of Zhonghe, the Wei–Bei military commissioner was granted the honorific name Baoda Army circuit, gained Zhai Prefecture, and the Case Army circuit was established at Yan Prefecture. The Xia Prefecture military commissioner was granted the honorific name Dingnan circuit.
178
883三年隴州防禦使增京甸神勇軍使。 升陝虢防禦觀察使為節度使。
In 883, the third year of Zhonghe, the Long Prefecture defense commissioner also took charge of the Capital Region Divine Valor Army commissioner. The Shan–Guo defense and observation commissioner was raised to military commissioner.
179
884四年
884 CE, fourth year.
180
885光啟元年邠寧節度賜號靜難軍節度。 置東畿觀察兼防遏使。
In 885, the first year of Guangqi, the Bin–Ning military commissioner was given the honorific name Jingnan Army circuit. An Eastern Capital Region observation commissioner with concurrent frontier-suppression duties was appointed.
181
886二年
886 CE, second year.
182
887三年升東畿觀察兼防遏使為佑國軍節度。
In 887, the third year of Guangqi, the Eastern Capital Region observation commissioner who also held the frontier suppression commissioner was raised to the Youguo Army circuit.
183
888文德元年
888 CE, first year of the Wende reign.
184
889龍紀元年賜陝虢節度為保義軍節度。
In 889, the first year of Longji, the Shan–Guo military commissioner was renamed the Baoyi Army circuit.
185
890大順元年
890 CE, first year of the Dashun reign.
186
891二年
891 CE, second year.
187
892景福元年
892 CE, first year of the Jingfu reign.
188
893二年
893 CE, second year.
189
894乾寧元年以乾州置威勝軍節度。 鳳翔節度增領乾州，未幾罷。 涇原節度賜號彰義軍節度，增領渭、武二州。 汝州隸忠武軍節度。
In 894, the first year of Qianning, the Weisheng Army circuit was established at Qian Prefecture. The Fengxiang military commissioner gained Qian Prefecture; before long this arrangement was abolished. The Jing–Yuan military commissioner was granted the honorific name Zhangyi Army circuit and gained Wei and Wu prefectures. Ru Prefecture was assigned to the Zhongwu Army circuit.
190
895二年升同州為匡國軍節度。
In 895, the second year of Qianning, Tong Prefecture was raised to the Kuangguo Army circuit.
191
896三年
896 CE, third year.
192
897四年
897 CE, fourth year.
193
898光化元年以華州置鎮國軍節度，領華、同二州，兼興德尹。 更保塞軍節度曰寧塞軍節度，後又更名衛國軍節度。 罷丹州防禦使，以丹州隸衛國軍。
In 898, the first year of Guanghua, the Zhenguo Army circuit was established at Hua Prefecture, commanding Hua and Tong prefectures and concurrently holding the Xingde governorship. The Case Army circuit was renamed the Ningse Army circuit, and later renamed again as the Weiguo Army circuit. The Dan Prefecture defense commissioner was abolished, and Dan Prefecture was assigned to the Weiguo Army circuit.
194
899二年
899 CE, second year.
195
900三年罷鎮國軍節度及興德尹。 復置東畿觀察使兼防遏使。 置佑國軍節度。 河陽節度罷領澤州。
In 900, the third year of Guanghua, the Zhenguo Army circuit and the Xingde governorship were abolished. The Eastern Capital Region observation commissioner who also held the frontier suppression commissioner was reinstated. The Youguo Army circuit was established. The Heyang military commissioner relinquished Ze Prefecture.
196
901天復元年升隴州防禦使為保勝節度使。
In 901, the first year of Tianfu, the Long Prefecture defense commissioner was raised to Baosheng military commissioner.
197
902二年
902 CE, second year.
198
903三年
903 CE, third year.
199
904天祐元年以京畿置佑國軍節度使，領金、商二州。 罷東畿觀察使兼防遏使。
In 904, the first year of Tianyou, the Youguo Army military commissioner was established in the Capital Region, commanding Jin and Shang prefectures. The Eastern Capital Region observation commissioner who also held the frontier suppression commissioner was abolished.
200
905二年
905 CE, second year.
201
906三年置義勝軍節度使，領耀、鼎二州，罷匡國軍。
In 906, the third year of Tianyou, the Yisheng Army military commissioner was established, commanding Yao and Ding prefectures, and the Kuangguo Army circuit was abolished.
202
907四年
907 CE, fourth year.