1
昔者周有天下,封國七十,而同姓居五十三焉,後世不以為私也,蓋所以隆本支,崇屏衞。 雖其弊也,以侵凌王室,有末大之患,然亦崇奬扶持,猶四百餘年而後亡,蓋其德與力皆不足矣,而其勢或然也。 至漢鑒秦,務廣宗室,世其國地,不幸世絕若罪除,輒復續以存其祭祀,與為長久之計,故自三代以來,獨漢為長世。 唐有天下三百年,子孫蕃衍,可謂盛矣! 其初皆有封爵,至其世遠親盡,則各隨其人賢愚,遂與異姓之臣雜而仕宦,至或流落於民間,甚可歎也! 然其疏戚遠近,源流所來,可以考見,作宗室世系表。 序李氏出自嬴姓。 帝顓頊高陽氏生大業,大業生女華,女華生皐陶,字庭堅,為堯大理。 生益,益生恩成,歷虞、夏、商,世為大理,以官命族為理氏。 至紂之時,理徵字德靈,為翼隸中吳伯,以直道不容於紂,得罪而死。 其妻陳國契和氏與子利貞逃難於伊侯之墟,食木子得全,遂改理為李氏。 利貞亦娶契和氏女,生昌祖,為陳大夫,家于苦縣。 生彤德,彤德曾孫碩宗,周康王賜采邑於苦縣。 五世孫乾,字元果,為周上御史大夫,娶益壽氏女嬰敷,生耳,字伯陽,一字聃,周平王時為太史。 其後有李宗,字尊祖,魏封於段,為干木大夫。 生同,為趙大將軍。 生兌,為趙相。 生躋,趙陽安君。 二子:曰雲,曰恪。 恪生洪,字道弘,秦太子太傅。 生興族,字育神,一名汪,秦將軍。 生曇,字貴遠,趙柏人侯,入秦為御史大夫,葬柏人西。 生四子:崇、辨、昭、璣。 崇為隴西房,璣為趙郡房。 崇字伯祐,隴西守、南鄭公。 生二子:長曰平燕; 次曰瑤,字內德,南郡守、狄道侯。 生信,字有成,大將軍、隴西侯。 生超,一名伉,字仁高,漢大將軍、漁陽太守。 生二子:長曰元曠,侍中; 次曰仲翔,河東太守、征西將軍,討叛羌于素昌,戰沒,贈太尉,葬隴西狄道東川,因家焉。 生伯考,隴西、河東二郡太守。 生尚,成紀令,因居成紀。 弟向,范陽房始祖也。 尚生廣,前將軍。 二子:長曰當戶,生陵,字少卿,騎都尉; 次曰敢,字幼卿,郎中令、關內侯。 生禹,字子通。 弟忠,頓丘房始祖也。 禹生丞公,字丞公,河南太守。 生先,字敬宗,蜀郡、北平太守。 生長宗,字伯禮,漁陽丞。 生君況,字叔干,一字子期,博士、議郎、太中大夫。 生本,字上明,郎中、侍御史。 生次公,字仲君,巴郡太守、西夷校尉。 弟恬,渤海房始祖也。 次公生軌,字文逸,魏臨淮太守、司農卿。 弟潛,申公房始祖也。 軌生隆,字彥緒,長安令、積弩將軍。 生艾,字世績,晉驍騎將軍、魏郡太守。 生雍,字儁熙,濟北、東莞二郡太守。 生二子:長曰倫,丹楊房始祖也; 次曰柔,字德遠,北地太守。 雍孫蓋,安邑房始祖也。 柔生弇,字季子,前涼張駿天水太守、武衞將軍、安西亭侯。 生昶,字仲堅,涼太子侍講。 生暠,字玄盛,西涼武昭王、興聖皇帝。 十子:譚、歆、讓、愔、恂、翻、豫、宏、眺、亮。 愔,鎮遠將軍房始祖也。 其曾孫系,平涼房始祖也。 翻孫三人:曰丞,姑臧房始祖也; 曰茂,燉煌房始祖也; 曰沖,僕射房始祖也。 曾孫曰成禮,絳郡房始祖也。 豫玄孫曰剛,武陵房始祖也。 歆字士業,西涼後主。 八子:勗、紹、重耳、弘之、崇明、崇產、崇庸、崇祐。 重耳字景順,以國亡奔宋,為汝南太守。 後魏克豫州,以地歸之,拜恒農太守,復為宋將薛安都所陷,後魏安南將軍、豫州刺史。 生獻祖宣皇帝熙,字孟良,後魏金門鎮將。 生懿祖光皇帝,諱天賜,字德真。 三子:長曰起頭,長安侯,生達摩,後周羽林監、太子洗馬、長安縣伯,其後無聞; 次曰太祖; 次乞豆。
In ancient times, when the Zhou held the realm, they enfeoffed seventy states, fifty-three of them bearing the royal surname. Later ages did not see this as mere favoritism; it was meant to exalt the trunk line and strengthen the shielding branches. The system had its flaw: the enfeoffed kin could encroach on the throne and bring the peril of branches outgrowing the trunk. Yet they were still honored and sustained, and the dynasty endured more than four centuries before collapse—perhaps because virtue and power alike were wanting, or because circumstances simply ran that course. Learning from Qin's fall, Han worked to enlarge the imperial clan and make their domains hereditary. When a line died out, once any guilt was cleared the fief was promptly restored so sacrifices could continue—a policy aimed at longevity. Since the Three Dynasties, only Han has enjoyed such enduring rule. Tang ruled the realm for three hundred years, and its descendants multiplied prodigiously—a flourishing house indeed! At first they all held titles and fiefs, but as generations passed and kinship thinned, each rose or fell on personal merit or folly. They mingled with officials of other surnames in office, and some even sank into common life—a cause for deep regret! Still, the degrees of kinship and the lines of descent can be traced, and so the Genealogical Tables of the Imperial Clan are presented here. Preface: The Li clan traces its origin to the Ying surname. Emperor Zhuanxu of the Gaoyang line had a son Daye, whose daughter Nühua bore Gao Yao, styled Tingjian, who served Emperor Yao as Minister of Justice. Gao Yao's line continued through Yi and Encheng. Under Yu, Xia, and Shang they held the post of Minister of Justice for generations, and the clan took the name Li ('minister of justice') from that office. Under King Zhou of Shang, Li Zheng, styled Deling, was Earl of Zhongwu in Yizhou. His upright conduct won no favor with Zhou, and he was put to death for his offense. His wife Lady Qihe of Chen and their son Lizhen fled to the ruins of the Marquis of Yi. They survived by eating the fruit of a tree and changed the clan name from Li (minister of justice) to Li (plum tree). Lizhen married a daughter of the Qihe clan as well and had Changzu, who became a grandee of Chen and settled the family in Ku County. Changzu's line ran through Tongde to Shuozong, a great-great-grandson of Tongde, to whom King Kang of Zhou granted a fief in Ku County. Five generations later came Qian, styled Yuanguo, Senior Censor-in-Chief of Zhou. He married Yingfu of the Yishou clan and had Er, styled Boyang, also called Dan, who served as Grand Astrologer under King Ping of Zhou. Later in the line came Li Zong, styled Zunzu, enfeoffed at Duan by Wei and made Grandee of Ganmu. He had a son Tong, who became Grand General of Zhao. He had a son Dui, who became Chancellor of Zhao. He had a son Ji, Lord of Yang'an in Zhao. He had two sons: Yun and Ke. Ke's son Hong, styled Daohong, was Tutor to the Crown Prince of Qin. He had Xingzu, styled Yushen, also known as Wang, a general of Qin. He had Tan, styled Guiyuan, Marquis of Bairen in Zhao. After entering Qin service he became Censor-in-Chief and was buried west of Bairen. He had four sons: Chong, Bian, Zhao, and Ji. Chong founded the Longxi branch of the clan; Ji founded the Zhao commandery branch. Chong, styled Boyou, served as Administrator of Longxi and was made Duke of Nanzheng. He had two sons: the elder, Pingyan; and the younger, Yao, styled Neide, Administrator of Nan commandery and Marquis of Didao. Yao's son Xin, styled Youcheng, was Grand General and Marquis of Longxi. He had Chao, also called Kang, styled Rengao, a Han Grand General and Administrator of Yuyang. He had two sons: the elder, Yuankuang, Attendant-in-Ordinary; and the younger, Zhongxiang, Administrator of Hedong and General Who Pacifies the West. He campaigned against rebellious Qiang at Suchang, fell in battle, and was posthumously made Grand Commandant. He was buried in the eastern ravine of Didao in Longxi, where the family then settled. He had Bokao, who served as Administrator of both Longxi and Hedong. He had Shang, Magistrate of Chengji, and the family came to reside there. His younger brother Xiang founded the Fanyang branch. Shang's son Guang was Forward General. He had two sons: the elder, Danghu, whose son Ling, styled Shaoqing, was Commandant of Cavalry; and the younger, Gan, styled Youqing, Director of the Palace Secretariat and Marquis within the Passes. He had Yu, styled Zitong. His younger brother Zhong founded the Dunqiu branch. Yu's son Chenggong, styled Chenggong, was Administrator of Henan. He had Xian, styled Jingzong, who served as Administrator of Shu and of Beiping. He had Changzong, styled Boli, Assistant Magistrate of Yuyang. He had Junkuang, styled Shugan, also known as Ziqi, who served as Erudite, Gentleman Consultant, and Grand Master of the Palace. He had Ben, styled Shangming, Gentleman-of-the-Palace and Attendant Censor. He had Cigong, styled Zhongjun, Administrator of Ba and Colonel of the Western Yi. His younger brother Tian founded the Bohai branch. Cigong's son Gui, styled Wenyi, was Administrator of Linhuai under Wei and Minister of Agriculture. His younger brother Qian founded the Duke of Shen branch. Gui's son Long, styled Yanxu, was Magistrate of Chang'an and General of Stacked Crossbows. He had Ai, styled Shiji, Valiant Cavalry General under Jin and Administrator of Wei commandery. He had Yong, styled Junxi, who served as Administrator of Jibei and Dongguan. He had two sons: the elder, Lun, who founded the Danyang branch; and the younger, Rou, styled Deyuan, Administrator of Beidi. Yong's grandson Gai founded the Anyi branch. Rou's son Yan, styled Jizi, served Zhang Jun of Former Liang as Administrator of Tianshui and General of Martial Guards and was made Marquis of Anxi. He had Chang, styled Zhongjian, Lecturer to the Crown Prince of Liang. He had Gao, styled Xuansheng, Martial and Illustrious King of Western Liang and posthumously honored as the Emperor Who Raised the Sage. He had ten sons: Tan, Xin, Rang, Yin, Xun, Fan, Yu, Hong, Tiao, and Liang. Yin founded the General Who Pacifies the Distance branch. His great-great-grandson Xi founded the Pingliang branch. Fan had three grandsons: Cheng, who founded the Guzang branch; Mao, who founded the Dunhuang branch; and Chong, who founded the Vice Director branch. A great-great-grandson, Chenli, founded the Jiang commandery branch. Yu's great-great-grandson Gang founded the Wuling branch. Xin, styled Shiye, was the last ruler of Western Liang. He had eight sons: Xu, Shao, Chong'er, Hongzhi, Chongming, Chongchan, Chongyong, and Chongyou. Chong'er, styled Jingshun, fled to Song after the kingdom fell and became Administrator of Runan. When Northern Wei seized Yuzhou it restored his lands and made him Administrator of Hengnong. He was later captured by the Song general Xue Andu, then served Northern Wei as General Who Pacifies the South and Inspector of Yuzhou. He had Xi, styled Mengliang, posthumously the Founding Ancestor Emperor Xuan, who served Later Wei as Garrison Commander of Jinmen. He had Tianci, styled Dezhen, posthumously the Illustrious Ancestor Emperor Guang. He had three sons: the elder, Qitou, Marquis of Chang'an, whose son Damo served Later Zhou as Supervisor of the Feathered Forest, Groom of the Heir Apparent, and Baron of Chang'an county—his line is not recorded further; the second, the Grand Ancestor; and the third, Qidou.
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定州刺史房
House of the Inspector of Dingzhou.
3
太祖太祖景皇帝虎,字文彬,後周柱國大將軍、唐國襄公。 八子,長曰延伯,生於山東。 其後太祖入關,延伯仕北齊為散騎常侍。 武德四年,追封南陽伯,附屬籍,貞觀初,罷之,與姑臧、絳郡、武陽公三房,號「四公子」房,至開元二十三年,復附屬籍。
The Grand Ancestor, Emperor Jing, Hu, styled Wenbin, served Later Zhou as Pillar-of-the-State Grand General and was Duke of Xiang of Tang. He had eight sons; the eldest, Yanbo, was born east of the mountains. Later, when the Grand Ancestor entered the passes, Yanbo remained in Northern Qi as Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. In Wude year 4 he was posthumously made Baron of Nanyang and enrolled in the imperial clan register. Early in Zhenguan that enrollment was revoked. Together with the Guzang, Jiang commandery, and Duke of Wuyang branches they were known as the 'Four Dukes' Sons' houses. In Kaiyuan year 23 they were enrolled again.
4
南陽公房
House of the Duke of Nanyang.
5
譙王房
House of the Prince of Qiao.
6
蔡王房
House of the Prince of Cai.
7
畢王房
House of the Prince of Bi.
8
雍王房
House of the Prince of Yong.
9
郇王房
House of the Prince of Xun.
10
大鄭王房
House of the Great Prince of Zheng.
11
代祖代祖元皇帝諱昺,周安州總管、柱國大將軍、唐國仁公。 四子:長曰高祖,次曰梁王澄,次曰蜀王湛,次曰漢王洪。
The Ancestral Substitute, Emperor Yuan, Bing, served Zhou as General-in-Chief of Anzhou and Pillar-of-the-State Grand General and was Duke of Ren of Tang. He had four sons: the eldest became the High Ancestor; the second was Prince of Liang, Cheng; the third Prince of Shu, Zhan; and the fourth Prince of Han, Hong.
12
梁王房
House of the Prince of Liang.
13
蜀王房,後為渤海王房。
House of the Prince of Shu, later known as the House of the Prince of Bohai.
14
高祖高祖神堯大聖大光孝皇帝二十二子,分十五房:曰楚王智雲,曰荊王元景,曰徐王元禮,曰韓王元嘉,曰彭王元則,曰鄭王元懿,曰霍王元軌,曰虢王鳳,曰道王元慶,曰鄧王元裕,曰舒王元名,曰魯王靈夔,曰江王元祥,曰密王元曉,曰滕王元嬰。 智雲、元景皆無後。
The High Ancestor, Emperor Gaozu, had twenty-two sons grouped into fifteen houses: the Princes of Chu (Zhiyun), Jing (Yuanjing), Xu (Yuanli), Han (Yuanjia), Peng (Yuanze), Zheng (Yuanyi), Huo (Yuangui), Guo (Feng), Dao (Yuanqing), Deng (Yuanyu), Shu (Yuanming), Lu (Lingkui), Jiang (Yuanxiang), Mi (Yuanxiao), and Teng (Yuanying). Zhiyun and Yuanjing left no descendants.
15
徐王房
House of the Prince of Xu.
16
韓王房,建中元年詔改為嗣鄆王房,懿宗即位,復舊。
House of the Prince of Han. In Jianzhong year 1 an edict renamed it the House of the Heir of Yan; when Emperor Yizong acceded, the old name was restored.
17
彭王房
House of the Prince of Peng.
18
小鄭王房,稱惠鄭王房。
House of the Lesser Prince of Zheng, also called the House of the Kind Prince of Zheng.
19
霍王房
House of the Prince of Huo.
20
虢王房
House of the Prince of Guo.
21
道王房
House of the Prince of Dao.
22
鄧王房
House of the Prince of Deng.
23
舒王房,建中元年改為嗣郢王房。
House of the Prince of Shu. In Jianzhong year 1 it was renamed the House of the Heir of Ying.
24
魯王房,寶應元年改為嗣鄒王房。
House of the Prince of Lu. In Baoying year 1 it was renamed the House of the Heir of Zou.
25
江王房
House of the Prince of Jiang.
26
密王房
House of the Prince of Mi.
27
滕王房
House of the Prince of Teng.
28
太宗太宗文武大聖大廣孝皇帝十四子:長曰恒山愍王承乾,次曰楚王寬,出繼。 次曰吳王恪,次曰濮王泰,次曰庶人祐,附濮王譜。 次曰蜀王愔,次曰蔣王惲,次曰越王貞,次曰高宗,次曰紀王慎,次曰江王嚻,次曰代王簡,次曰趙王福,次曰曹王明。 嚻、簡、福皆附曹王譜。
Emperor Taizong had fourteen sons: the eldest was the Lamented Prince of Hengshan, Chengqian; the second was Prince of Chu, Kuan, who was given in adoption to another line. Next came Prince of Wu, Ke; then Prince of Pu, Tai; then the commoner You, enrolled under the Prince of Pu's genealogy. Then Prince of Shu, Yin; Prince of Jiang, Yun; Prince of Yue, Zhen; the future Emperor Gaozong; Prince of Ji, Shen; Prince of Jiang, Xi; Prince of Dai, Jian; Prince of Zhao, Fu; and Prince of Cao, Ming. Xi, Jian, and Fu were all enrolled under the Prince of Cao's genealogy.
29
恒山愍王房
House of the Lamented Prince of Hengshan.
30
吳王房
House of the Prince of Wu.
31
濮王房
House of the Prince of Pu.
32
蔣王房
House of the Prince of Jiang.
33
越王房
House of the Prince of Yue.
34
紀王房
House of the Prince of Ji.
35
曹王房
House of the Prince of Cao.
36
高宗高宗天皇大聖大弘孝皇帝八子。
Emperor Gaozong had eight sons.
37
燕王房。
House of the Prince of Yan.
38
澤王房。
House of the Prince of Ze.
39
許王房。
House of the Prince of Xu.
40
大邠章懷太子房。
House of the Great Crown Prince Zhanghuai of Bin.
41
中宗中宗大和大聖大昭孝皇帝四子。
Emperor Zhongzong had four sons.
42
湖陽郡王房
House of the Prince of Huyang commandery.
43
睿宗睿宗玄真大聖大興孝皇帝六子。
Emperor Ruizong had six sons.
44
讓皇帝房,亦曰寧王房
House of the Emperor Who Yielded, also called the House of the Prince of Ning.
45
惠莊太子房,亦曰申王房。
House of the Kind and Stately Crown Prince, also called the House of the Prince of Shen.
46
惠文太子房,亦曰岐王房。
House of the Kind and Literary Crown Prince, also called the House of the Prince of Qi.
47
惠宣太子房,亦曰薛王房。
House of the Kind and Illustrious Crown Prince, also called the House of the Prince of Xue.
48
玄宗玄宗至道大聖大明孝皇帝二十三子。 自玄宗以後,諸王不出閤,不分房,子孫闕而不見。
Emperor Xuanzong had twenty-three sons. From Xuanzong onward the princes no longer left the inner quarters, branches were no longer distinguished, and their descendants are largely unrecorded.
49
肅宗肅宗文明武德大聖大宣孝皇帝十四子。
Emperor Suzong had fourteen sons.
50
代宗代宗睿文孝武皇帝二十子。
Emperor Daizong had twenty sons.
51
德宗德宗神武孝文皇帝十一子。
Emperor Dezong had eleven sons.
52
順宗順宗至德弘道大聖大安孝皇帝二十二子。
Emperor Shunzong had twenty-two sons.
53
憲宗憲宗昭文章武大聖至神孝皇帝二十子。
Emperor Xianzong had twenty sons.
54
穆宗穆宗睿聖文惠孝皇帝五子。
Emperor Muzong had five sons.
55
敬宗敬宗睿武昭愍孝皇帝五子。
Emperor Jingzong had five sons.
56
文宗文宗元聖昭獻孝皇帝二子。
Emperor Wenzong had two sons.
57
武宗武宗至道昭肅孝皇帝五子。
Emperor Wuzong had five sons.
58
宣宗宣宗元聖至明成武獻文睿知章仁神德懿道大孝皇帝十一子。
Emperor Xuanzong had eleven sons.
59
懿宗懿宗昭聖恭惠孝皇帝八子。
Emperor Yizong had eight sons.
60
僖宗僖宗聖神聰睿仁哲明孝皇帝二子。
Emperor Xizong had two sons.
61
昭宗昭宗聖文睿德光武弘孝皇帝十七子。
Emperor Zhaozong had seventeen sons.
62
【結】宗室四十一房:一曰定州刺史,二曰南陽公,三曰譙王,四曰蔡王,五曰畢王,六曰雍王,七曰郇王,八曰大鄭王,九曰蜀王,十曰巢王,十一曰大楚王,十二曰荊王,十三曰徐王,十四曰韓王,十五曰彭王,十六曰小鄭王,十七曰霍王,十八曰虢王,十九曰道王,二十曰鄧王,二十一曰舒王,二十二曰魯王,二十三曰江王,二十四曰密王,二十五曰滕王,二十六曰恒山王,二十七曰吳王,二十八曰濮王,二十九曰蔣王,三十曰越王,三十一曰紀王,三十二曰曹王,三十三曰澤王,三十四曰章懷太子,三十五曰湖陽郡王,三十六曰讓皇帝,三十七曰惠莊太子,三十八曰惠文太子,三十九曰惠宣太子,蜀王房又有隴西、渤海二房附見其譜,定著三十九房。 終唐之世,有宰相十一人。 郇王房有林甫、回; 鄭王房有程、石、福; 小鄭王房有勉、夷簡、宗閔; 恒山王房有適之; 吳王房有峴; 惠宣太子房有知柔。
[Conclusion] The imperial clan comprised forty-one named houses: the Inspector of Dingzhou; the Duke of Nanyang; the Princes of Qiao, Cai, Bi, Yong, Xun, Zheng (Great), Shu, Chao, Chu (Great), Jing, Xu, Han, Peng, Zheng (Lesser), Huo, Guo, Dao, Deng, Shu, Lu, Jiang, Mi, Teng, Hengshan, Wu, Pu, Jiang, Yue, Ji, Cao, Ze, Crown Prince Zhanghuai, Prince of Huyang, the Emperor Who Yielded, and the Kind and Stately, Kind and Literary, and Kind and Illustrious Crown Princes. The House of the Prince of Shu also includes the Longxi and Bohai branches in its genealogy. Thirty-nine houses are definitively recorded. Throughout the Tang dynasty, eleven members of the imperial clan served as chancellor. The House of the Prince of Xun produced Linpu and Hui; the House of the Prince of Zheng produced Cheng, Shi, and Fu; the House of the Lesser Prince of Zheng produced Mian, Yijian, and Zongmin; the House of the Prince of Hengshan produced Shizhi; the House of the Prince of Wu produced Xian; and the House of the Kind and Illustrious Crown Prince produced Zhirou.