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新唐書卷七十一 表第十一上 宰相世系一上

新唐書卷七十一 表第十一上 宰相世系一上

Chapter 71 of 新唐書 · New Book of Tang
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Chapter 71
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1
使使 𨛬𨛬
Tang endured as a dynasty for many generations, and its ministers each upheld their own family codes, striving to exalt their clans and kin groups. Their gifted sons and worthy grandsons did not let their inherited virtue fade; some fathers and sons held the chancellorship in succession, some rose to prominence across many generations, and some lines never died out throughout the Tang. Ah—what a flourishing age it was! Yet whether they flourished or declined depended not only on the weight of merit and virtue, but also on their descendants. Hence the Genealogical Tables of Chancellors are presented here.〉 The Pei clan traces its origin to the Feng surname. Zhuanxu's descendant Daye had a daughter Nühua, who bore Dafei; Dafei bore Gao Yao; Gao Yao bore Bo Yi, who received the surname Ying. Bo Yi had a son Dalian; five generations later came Zhongyan, and four generations after him Xuan. Xuan's line ran through Yu, Feilian, Elai, Nüfang, Panggao, Taiji, and Daluo to Feizi. King Xiao of Zhou set Feizi to breed horses between the Qian and Wei; when the herds flourished, Qin was enfeoffed as a vassal state to carry on the Ying line, styled Qin Ying. A collateral branch of Feizi's line was enfeoffed at Xiang township and took that name as their clan; the Xiang walled town in present-day Wenxi is that site. Six generations later, Ling was enfeoffed as Lord of Xie township under King Xi of Zhou; he dropped the "township" element and took the "garment" radical, forming the surname Pei. Pei denotes the flowing length of a robe. Another account holds that Duke Ping of Jin enfeoffed Zhuanxu's grandson Zhen at Pei on the Zhou River and styled him Lord Pei—but this tradition is doubtful and cannot be verified. Ling's descendant Gai served Han as Commandant of the Water Balance and Palace Attendant. Nine generations later, Zun, Governor of Dunhuang, followed Guangwu from Yunzhong in the pacification of Long and Shu, settled at Anyi in Hedong, and during the An-Shun reigns moved the family to Wenxi. Zun's great-grandson Ye served as Governor of Bing Province and General Who Crosses the Liao. Ye's son Mao, styled Juguan, held prefectural and ministerial posts under Emperor Ling; for leading troops against Li Jue he was enfeoffed Marquis of Yangjiping. He had three sons: Qian, Hui, and Ji.
2
西西西 西
The Western Branch of the Pei clan stems from Mao's eldest son Hui, styled Wenxiu, who served Wei as Governor of Ji Province and Duke Wu of Lanling. Because many of his descendants held office in Western Liang, the line is called the Western Branch. Hui had four sons: Li, Kang, Kai, and Chuo. Li, styled Bozong (also called Yan), served as General of Rapid Attack and Director of the Secretariat. Li had two sons: Cui and Bao. Cui served Jin as Governor of Wuwei. Cui had two sons: Shen and Jiong. Shen, Minister of Ceremonies, took refuge in Liangzhou; when Fu Jian conquered Hexi he returned to Jie county. His line ran through Shao, He, and Zhong to Jinghui.
3
西
The Xima branch of the Pei clan stems from Cui's son Jiong. Jiong's son Qin came back from Hexi to his homeland, settled on the Xima River in Jie county, and gave the line the name Xima Pei; he served Former Qin as Grand Herald. Qin had two sons: Tian'en and Tianshou.
4
西
The Southern-Coming Wu branch of the Pei stems from Li's second son Bao. Bao had three sons: Zhen, Pi, and Bin. Zhen's son Si served Western Liang as Governor of Wudu. Si had three sons: Yong, Weng, and Ce. Yong crossed the Yangzi and settled at Xiangyang; his son was Shunzong. Shunzong had three sons: Shubao, Shuye, and Lingbao. Shuye, Governor of Southern Yanzhou under Qi, was the first to return north and gave the line the name Southern-Coming Wu Pei. Serving Later Wei, he became Governor of Yu Province and Duke of Lanling, posthumously titled Loyal and Martial. His sons were Qianzhi, Fenzhi, Jianzhi, Yingzhi, and Aizhi.
5
Lingbao had two sons: Yanxian and Yanyuan. Yanyuan's line continued through Jian to Xian.
6
The Central Branch of the Pei stems from Si's middle son Weng, who served Jin as Staff Adviser to the Duke of Song and Bingzhou Aide; the line is called the Central Branch. Weng had three sons: Wanhu, Shuanghu, and Sanhu.
7
西
Bao's third son was Pi. Pi's grandson was Dingzong. Dingzong served as Governor of Liang Province. Dingzong's son E served Later Wei as Champion General. E's son Liao was Governor of Taiyuan and Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. Liao's son Zuan was Governor of Zhengping and Duke of Fuxi. Zuan had four sons: Shu, Si, Xiu, and Xun. Shu served Northern Zhou as General of Chariots and Cavalry and Duke of Yuanshi. Shu's son was Ang. Ang's son Xuanyun was Governor of Pu Province. Xuanyun's son Jiyou was Director of the Gate Office and Steward of the Heir Apparent. Jiyou's son Wu was ancestor to the great-grandson Xin.
8
The Eastern Branch of the Pei stems from Mao's third son Ji and is called the Eastern Branch. Ji's son Ying served as Metropolitan Commandant. Ying's son Wu, styled Wenying, was Great General and Governor of Xuantu under Jin; at the end of the Yongjia era he took refuge in Pingzhou. Wu had two sons: Kai and Zhan. Kai, styled Jingshu, served the Murong as Minister of Ceremonies and Libationer. Kai had three sons: Yuan, Cheng, and Fan. Fan, styled Renze, was Governor of Henan. Fan had four sons: Tao, Chong, Zhan, and Sui. Chong, styled Taining, served Later Qin as Governor of Bing Province and held the title Viscount of Yiling. Chong had five sons: Daozi, Daohu, Daoda, Daohui, and Daoci. Daozi, styled Futai, was Aide of his home province; he followed Liu Yu through the passes into Wei service as Governor of Southern Liang and Baron Shun of Yichang. Daozi had three sons: Dehuan, Enli, and Fuli. Dehuan, also called Du, governed the four provinces of Yu, Zheng, Guang, and Fang; his posthumous title was Kang. Dehuan had two sons: Cheng and Li.
9
Daohu had two sons: Ci'ai and Zunian. Zunian's son Hongtuo was Duke of Wenxi under Later Wei. Hongtuo's son Honglin was Governor of Yi Commandery. Honglin's son was Ke'er.
10
西 西 耀
The Pei clan is firmly divided into five branches: the Western Branch, the Xima branch, the Southern-Coming Wu branch, the Central Branch, and the Eastern Branch. Among them were seventeen chancellors. The Western Branch produced Ji and Ju; the Xima branch Tan and Yan; the Southern-Coming Wu branch Yaoqing, Xingben, and Tan; the Central Branch Guangting, Zunqing, Shu, and Zhi; and the Eastern Branch Judao, Xiu, Che, Ji, Mian, and Du. Liu of Han: The Liu clan traces its origin to the Qi surname. A descendant of Emperor Yao of the Taotang line had a son born with characters on his palm reading "Liu Lei," and took that as his name. He could tame dragons; under Xia he was called Dragon-Tamer; under Shang the Pig-Wei clan; under Zhou he was enfeoffed Duke of Du, also known as the Tang-Du line. King Xuan of Zhou destroyed their state. His son Xishu fled to Jin as Master of the Warriors and had a son Shi Yan. Yan's line ran through Cheng and Bo Que to Shi Hui. Hui went to Qin and later returned to Jin, but a son who stayed behind in Qin became the founder of the Liu line. That line continued through Ming and Yuan to Yang, the tenth-generation descendant, who was captured by Wei in the Warring States period and became a Wei grandee. When Qin conquered Wei the family moved to Daliang; Yang's descendant Qing later settled at Pei. Qing's son Ren was known as Duke of Feng. Ren's son Juan was styled Zhijia. Juan had four sons: Bo, Zhong, Bang, and Jiao. Bang was Emperor Gaozu of Han. Seven generations after Gaozu came Emperor Xuan, whose line ran through King Xiao of Chu Xi, King Si Yan, and Yu to Marquis of Juchao Ban, styled Boxing. Ban's son Kai, styled Boyu, served as Grand Marshal and Minister of Works. Kai's son Mao, styled Shusheng, was Minister of Works and Grand Master of the Palace and moved the family to Congting Lane. Six generations after Kai came Ne, Metropolitan Commandant under Jin. Ne's grandson Xian had a son also named Xian. Xian had two sons: Min and Gai. Min's collateral nephew was Sengli.
11
The Liu of Wugong in Jingzhao originally hailed from Pengcheng; under Later Zhou one Yi served as Governor of Shizhou.
12
The Pengcheng Liu line also included Liu Sheng.
13
The Weishi Liu stem from King Xiao of Hejian Kai, son of Emperor Zhang of Han; the family lived at Lecheng for generations until the tenth-generation descendant Tong moved to Weishi.
14
The Linhuai Liu trace their line to King Si of Guangling Jing, son of Emperor Guangwu. Jing's son Ping, Marquis Yuan of Yuxiang, was known in life as Biao; he inherited the title and won renown for filial devotion to his stepmother, earning the popular name Marquis of Benevolence and Righteousness. Biao had a son Xuan, whose son Xi served Wei as a Master of Writing. Xi's son Shu served as Governor of Dongping. Shu's son Jian was Magistrate of Yongcheng under Jin, and the family lived at Linhuai for generations. Jian's son Hui held the post of Administrator of Langya; he followed Emperor Yuan across the Yangzi and settled in Danyang. A great-grandson, Yan Ying, served Song as Attendant-in-Ordinary and Regular Attendant of the General-in-Flexibility. He had two sons: Yinren and Yiren. Toward the end of Liang the family moved again to Jinling. Yinren's fifth-generation descendant was Ziyi.
15
The Nanyang Liu trace their line to the King Ding of Changsha. His descendant Dan, Marquis Kang of Anzhong, held the title for three generations before the line moved to Juyang. A later descendant, Yi, styled Gongsi, served Wei as Palace Attendant and Marquis Within the Passes; childless, he was succeeded by his nephew Fu. Fu, styled Bolin, served as Governor of Chenliu. He had a son Qiao, styled Zhongyan, who served Jin as Army Adviser Sacrificer to the Grand Tutor. Qiao's son Ting was Governor of Yingchuan. Ting had two sons: Jian and Dan. Dan, styled Jingdao, served as Magistrate of Shangdao. Dan's son Liu, styled Shuhui, served in turn as Governor of Xu, Yan, and Jiang, and the family later moved to Jiangling. Liu's great-grandson was Qiu.
16
The Guangping Liu stem from King Jingsu of Zhao Peng Zu, son of Emperor Jing of Han. Peng Zu had a son Cang, Marquis Si of Yincheng; when Cang died his intended heir was disqualified for crime, and the line settled at Feixiang in Guangping. Cang's eleventh-generation descendant Shao, styled Kongcai, served Wei as Regular Attendant of the General-in-Flexibility. An eleventh-generation descendant was Zao.
17
The Danyang Liu lived at Jurong for generations.
18
退
The Nanhua Liu of Cao Prefecture descend from King Yuan of Chu Jiao; they left Pengcheng for Nanhua, built a walled settlement there, and were known for generations as the "Liu Fortress" line. Under Sui one Liu Jin, styled Jinzhi, served as Magistrate of Donglai. Jin had three sons: Yu, Duorang, and Duotui.
19
The Liu clan is recorded in seven established branches: Pengcheng, Weishi, Linhuai, Nanyang, Guangping, Danyang, and Nanhua. Twelve men of this clan served as chancellor. The Pengcheng branch produced Zi, Wenjing, and Zhan; The Weishi branch produced Rengui and Zhuo; The Linhuai branch produced Yizhi; The Nanyang branch produced Ji; The Guangping branch produced Xiangdao, Jingxian, and Congyi; The Danyang branch produced Ye; The Nanhua branch produced Yan. The Henan Liu—the Henan Liu line originally sprang from the Xiongnu people. Emperor Gaozu of Han married a clan princess to Modu; among the Xiongnu elite it was custom to take the mother's surname, and so the line became Liu. Kulun, styled Meigen, a descendant of the Left Wise King Qubei, served Later Wei as Southern Tribal Chieftain and General Who Crosses the Yangzi. Kulun's younger brother Juan had a son Luochen, Governor of Dingzhou and Duke Jing of Yong'an. Later the family settled at Xiangping in Liaodong before moving to Henan. Luochen's fifth-generation descendant Huan Juan, styled Zhongxian, served Northern Qi as Vice Director of the Secretariat and was enfeoffed Duke Yi of Xiurong. His younger brother was Shijuan.
20
祿 祿
Among the Henan Liu, one man served as chancellor. Chongwang. Xiao—the Xiao clan springs from the Ji surname and descends from Emperor Ku. Weizi, a lesser son of Emperor Yi of Shang, was enfeoffed by Zhou as Duke of Song. Duke Dai, eighth-generation descendant of Weizi's younger brother Zhongyan, had a son Zikang, styled Yuefu. A later descendant, Daxin, won credit for pacifying the rebellion of Wan Chang of the Southern Palace and was enfeoffed at Xiao as a dependent state—the present Xiao county in Xuzhou—after which the clan took Xiao as its surname. Later, when Chu extinguished Xiao, a descendant Buyi became a leading retainer of Lord Chunshen, Chancellor of Chu, and the clan settled at Feng and Pei for generations. Under Han, Xiao He, Chancellor and Marquis Wenzhong of Pei, had two sons: Yi and Ze. Ze's son Biao, styled Bowen, served as Grand Adviser and Palace Attendant; after certain events the family first moved to Chengxian in Lanling. Biao had a son Zhang, who served as an aide in the public offices. Zhang's son Yang, styled Huigao, had a son Hao. Hao's son Wangzhi served as Censor-in-Chief, and the family moved to Duling. Wangzhi's son Yu served as Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. Yu had a son Shao, Vice Censor-in-Chief, and the family returned to Lanling. Shao's son Hong served as Minister of Splendid Happiness. Hong's son Chan was Governor of Jiyin. Chan's son Bing served as Governor of Wu Commandery. Bing's son Bao served Later Han as Chancellor of Zhongshan. Bao had a son Zhou, who served as an Erudite. Zhou's son Jiao was Chief of Sheqiu. Jiao's son Kui served as a provincial aide. Kui's son Xiu was a Filial and Incorrupt candidate. Xiu's son Bao served as Assistant Administrator of Guangling Commandery. Bao's son Yi served as Grand Master of Palace Affairs. Yi had a son Zheng, styled Gongqi, who served Jin as Magistrate of Huainan; after crossing the Yangzi the family settled in Dongchengli of Wujin in Southern Lanling. Zheng had three sons: Jun, Xiang, and Lie. Bao's ninth-generation descendant Zhuo, styled Zilue, was Magistrate of Taoyang; his daughter became stepmother to the Founding Emperor of Song, and the line was called the Imperial Uncle Branch. Zhuo's son Yuanzhi, styled Junliu, served as Governor of Xu and Yan and inherited the title Marquis of Yang county. Yuanzhi's son Sihua served as Area Commander of Yingzhou and was enfeoffed Marquis Mu of Yang. Sihua had six sons: Huikai, Huiming, Huiji, Huixiu, Huilang, and Huiqian. Huiqian served Qi as Minister of the Left Household. Huiqian had a son Jie.
21
Qi-Liang Branch: Zheng's second son Xiang served as Governor of Jiyin. Xiang had a son Fuzi, who served as a provincial chief aide. Fuzi's son Daoci served Song as Attending Censor and Chief Aide of the Southern Office. Daoci had three sons: Shangzhi, Shunzhi, and Chongzhi. Shunzhi, styled Wenwei, served Qi as Prefect of Danyang and was enfeoffed Marquis Yi of Linxiang. Shunzhi had ten sons: Yi, Fu, Yan, Chang, Rong, Hong, Wei, Xiu, Dan, and Hui. Yan was Emperor Wu, founding emperor of Liang, and the line is called the Qi-Liang Branch. Yi, styled Yuanda, was King Xuanwu of Changsha. Yi had seven sons: Ye, Zao, Xiang, You, Lang, Gui, and Ming. Ming, styled Jingtong, was Marquis Zhenyang of Liang; his great-grandson was Wenjing.
22
𧫣
Emperor Wu of Liang had eight sons: Tong, Gang, Xu, Yi, Zong, Ji, Lun, and Ji. Tong was Crown Prince Zhaoming. Gang became Emperor Jianwen. Tong had five sons: Huan, Yu, Cha, Liao, and Tan.
23
使鹿 使 西 西
The Xiao clan is recorded in two established branches; the Imperial Uncle Branch and the Qi-Liang Branch. Ten men of this clan served as chancellor. The Imperial Uncle Branch produced Zhizhong; The Qi-Liang Branch produced Ye, Song, Hua, Fu, Fang, Fu, Zhi, Gou, and Yu. Dou—the Dou clan springs from the Si surname. When Emperor Xiang of Xia lost his throne, his consort, a woman of the Youreng clan, was pregnant; she fled through Dou Pass, returned to Youreng, and bore a son named Shaokang. Shaokang had two sons, Zhu and Long; those who remained at Youreng became the Dou clan. Long's sixty-ninth-generation descendant Mingdu was a grandee of Jin and was buried at Changshan. When the Six Ministers partitioned Jin, the Dou clan settled at Pingyang. Mingdu's line ran through Zhong, Lin, Dan, Yang, and Geng to Song, who had two sons: Shi and Hu. Shi's son Ying was Dou Ying, Chancellor and Marquis of Weiji under Han. Hu had two sons: Jing and Chong. Jing, a great general of Qin, had a son Fu, elder brother of Empress Xiaowen of Han. Chong fled the turmoil of Qin and moved to Qinghe; Han posthumously enfeoffed him Marquis of Ancheng, and he was buried at Guanjin. He had two sons: Changjun and Guangguo. Guangguo, styled Shaojun, held the title Marquis Jing of Zhangwu. Guangguo had two sons: Ding and Yi. Yi's son Shang inherited the title Marquis Wu of Zhangwu; under Emperor Xuan he was transferred to Pingling in Fufeng as an official of the two-thousand-dan rank. Shang had two sons: Shou and Yong. Shou served as Protector-General of the Qiang and became the southern Dou ancestor at Dunhuang. Yong served as Governor of Nanyang; his son Meng was Governor of Ding'an. Meng had two sons: Xiu and Fu. Xiu had two sons: Pi and Lin. Lin served Later Han as Governor of Wuwei and Grand Master of Palace Affairs; fleeing turmoil he settled in Wuwei and became the Wuwei Dou ancestor. Fu had three sons: Pingnian, You, and Rong. Rong, styled Gongzhou, served as Grand Marshal and was enfeoffed Marquis Dai of Anfeng. Rong's son Mu served as Colonel of the City Gates and Commandant of Feathered Riders and inherited the title Marquis of Anfeng. Mu had five sons: Xun, Xuan, Bao, Ba, and Jia. Xuan's son Shang, caught up in a family crisis, followed his mother to Longyou and became the Dou ancestor of that region. Jia served as Chamberlain for the National Treasury and concurrently Palace Attendant, and held the title Marquis of Anfeng. Jia had three sons: Qian, Feng, and Wanquan. Feng's son Wu rose to Special Advance and Marquis of Huaili; Jin posthumously enfeoffed him Marquis Zhen of Wenjia. Wanquan inherited the title Marquis of Anfeng. Wanquan had two sons: Huizong and Zhang. Huizong's descendants settled at Wugong in Fufeng. Zhang served as Grand Herald. Zhang had three sons: Tao, Tang, and Tong. Tong, styled Jingdao, was Governor of Yanmen; after the catastrophe of Dou Wu he fled to the Tuoba Xianbei and was settled on the southern frontier at Pingcheng in Dai Commandery, from which he watched the Central Realm and was styled Grand Chieftain of the Moluhui tribe. Later he gained the Xiongnu's former territory and moved the tribe there. Tong had a son Bin, styled Liyan, who inherited leadership of the tribe. Bin had two sons: Yi and Ta. Ta, styled Jianhou, also inherited the chieftaincy; Later Wei's Emperor Shenyuan killed him and absorbed his tribe. Ta's son Qin, styled Yude, was again placed over the old tribe by Emperor Mu, who ordered the clan to adopt the surname Heldouling. When Jin enfeoffed Emperor Mu as King of Dai, Qin was also enfeoffed Marquis of Loyalty and Righteousness, and the clan moved to Wuyuan. Qin had a son Zizhen, styled Xuandao, who led his following into Wei and rose to General-in-Chief Who Conquers the West. Zizhen's son Lang, styled Mingyuan, again took command of his father's following. Lang had two sons: Tao and You. You held the title Duke of Liaodong and also led the tribal following. You had three sons: Ti, Tuo, and Yan. From Tuo onward the line no longer led the tribe; Tuo served Wei as Palace Attendant and was enfeoffed King Xuan of Liaodong. Yan served as General-in-Chief Who Pacifies the West and was enfeoffed Duke Mu of Liaodong; he followed Emperor Xiaowu to Luoyang, and from then on the clan were natives of Luoyang in Henan. Yan had three sons: Na, Dun, and Lue. Lue, styled Liutou, rose to General-in-Chief Who Conquers the North and was enfeoffed Duke Xiao of Jianchang. Under Emperor Xiaowen the clan resumed the surname Dou. Lue had five sons: Xing, Ba, Yue, Shan, and Chi. Yue served Later Zhou as Governor of Qinghe and Guangping and was enfeoffed Duke of Shenwu Commandery; his line, together with the descendants of Shan and Chi, was known as the "Three Ancestors." Yue had two sons: Lin and Yi.
24
西
Shan, also called Wen, served Western Wei as Governor of Fen, Hua, and Long and was enfeoffed Baron of Yongfu county. Shan had a son Rongding.
25
Chi served Zhou as Grand Mentor and was enfeoffed Duke of Deng. Chi had six sons: Gong, Lan, Shen, Ni, Yi, and Wei.
26
西
Dou Wu's line also produced Jingyuan, enfeoffed Duke of Xihe, who settled at Pingling in Fufeng; his grandson was Shanheng.
27
滿
The Dou clan is recorded in two established branches: the Three Ancestors Branch and the Pingling Branch. Six men of this clan served as chancellor. The Three Ancestors Branch produced Dexuan, Huaizhen, Kang, Can, and Wei; the Pingling Branch produced Yizhi. The Chen clan traces its line to the Gui surname and descends from Emperor Shun of Yu. Yu of Xia enfeoffed Shun's son Shangjun at Yucheng; thirty-two generations later Efu served Zhou as Director of Pottery; King Wu married him to his eldest daughter Da Ji, and their son Man was enfeoffed at Chen with the surname Gui to maintain Shun's sacrifices — Duke Hu. Nine generations later Duke Li Ta had a son Jingzhong Wan, who fled to Qi and took Chen as his surname. Later granted a fief at Tian, the line also became known as the Tian clan. Fifteen generations later Jian, King of Qi, was overthrown by Qin. Jian had three sons: Sheng, Huan, and Zhen. Huan adopted the surname Wang. Zhen served Chu as chancellor, was enfeoffed Marquis of Yingchuan, moved there, and took the surname Chen. Zhen had a son Ying, who served Qin as a clerk of Dongyang. Ying's line ran through Chenganjun Yu, Gui, Shen, An, and Heng to Yuan, who had four sons: Qing, Cha, Qi, and Shang. Qi had a son Yuan, whose three sons were Shi, Ce, and Sui. Shi, styled Zhonggong, served Later Han as an aide to the Grand General and was known as Master Wenfan. Shi had six sons: Ji, Kui, Qia, Chen, Xiu, and Guang. Chen, styled Jifang, was known as Master Xianwen. Chen had a son Zhong, who served as Governor of Qing province. Zhong had two sons: Zuo and He. Zuo had two sons: Zhun and Hui. Zhun, styled Daoji, served Jin as Grand Commandant and was enfeoffed Duke Yuan of Guangling. Zhun's son Bozhen crossed the Yangzi during the Jianxing era and settled at Xinfeng Lake in Qu'a. Bozhen had a son Kuang, who had two sons: Chisong and Shida. Shida served as Magistrate of Changcheng, moved to Ruoli below Changcheng, and had a son Kang, who served as an aide to the Chancellor. Kang's line ran through Ying, Governor of Xuyi; Gongbi, a Master of Writing; Ding, Colonel of the Footsoldiers; Gao, Gentleman Attendant of the General-in-Flexibility; Yong, Magistrate of Huai'an; Meng, Governor of Ancheng; and Daoju, Minister of Ceremonies, down to Wenzan. Wenzan had three sons: Tanxian, Baxian, and Xiuxian.
28
There was also Chen Zhong of Yingchuan, but from whom he descended is not recorded.
29
Three men of this clan served as chancellor. Shuda, Xilie, and Yixing. The Feng clan traces its line to the Jiang surname; Ju, a descendant of Emperor Yan, was teacher to the Yellow Emperor, and the clan took its name from an enfeoffment; under Xia, Fengfu Lie was made a feudal lord, and Fengfu Pavilion in Fengqiu, Bian prefecture, marked his seat. After the line lost its state under Zhou, its descendants served Qi as great officers and settled at Tiao county in Bohai. A later descendant, Ji, styled Zhongshan, served Later Han as Palace Attendant and Governor of Liang province. Ji had a son Xuan; four generations later came Ren, whose grandson Shi served Jin as Palace Attendant and Commandant of the Eastern Yi. Shi had two sons; the name of the first is lost in the text, the second was Quan. Quan had two sons: Fang and Yi. Yi served Yan as Grand Commandant. Yi had two sons: Qi and Quan. Qi's grandson Jian served Later Wei as Governor of Cangshui. Jian had three sons: Lin, Hui, and Hua.
30
One man of this clan served as chancellor. Lun. The Yang clan traces its line to the Ji surname; Shangfu, son of King Xuan of Zhou, was enfeoffed Marquis of Yang. One account holds that Boqiao, son of Duke Wu of Jin, had a son Wen, whose son Tu was the Master of the Yangshe clan. Another account says the Jin ducal house held fiefs at Yangshe in three counties: Tongdi, Yangshi, and Pingyang. Tu's son Zhi had five sons: Chi, Xi, Fu, Hu, and Jisu. Chi, styled Bohua, served as Grand Master of Tongdi and had a son Zirong. Xi, styled Shuxiang, was also known as Shuyu. Fu was styled Shuyu. Hu, styled Shupi, gave his name to the Four Yangshe Clans. Shuxiang served Jin as Grand Tutor; his fief was at Yangshi, in what is Yangshi county, Pingyang. Shuxiang's son Boshi, styled Shiwuo, took his fief as surname and was called Yang Shi; he sided with Qi Ying, and when Ying brought ruin on himself and Jin exterminated the Yangshe clan as well, Shuxiang's descendants fled to Xiangu on Mount Hua and settled at Huayin. There was a man named Yang Zhang, who had sons Bao, Lang, and Kuan. Bao served King Xiang of Han as a general and held Xiuwu; his descendants then settled in Henei. Lang served Qin as a general and was enfeoffed Lord of Linjin; his descendants then settled in Fengyi. Kuan served Qin as Senior Minister; his son Shuo, styled Taichu, joined the Duke of Pei's campaigns and became Grand Astrologer. Eight sons: Yan, Fen, Huan, Shu, Xiong, Xi, Guan, and Mei. Xi, styled Youruo, was enfeoffed under Han as Marquis Yan of Chiquan. He had a son Fu, styled Bozong, Marquis Ding of Chiquan. He had a son Yin, styled Wuhai. Yin's son Chang, styled Junping, served as Chancellor and was enfeoffed Marquis Jing of Anping. Two sons: Zhong and Yun. Zhong was enfeoffed Marquis Qing of Anping. He had a son Tan, who served as Chief of Dependent States and was Marquis of Anping. Two sons: Bao and Bing. Bao was styled Zhiyuan. Two sons: Zhen and Heng. Zhen, styled Boqi, served as Grand Commandant. Five sons: Mu, Li, Bing, Rang, and Feng. Mu, styled Mengxin, served as Governor of Jing province and was enfeoffed Marquis of Fubo. Two sons: Tong and Fu. Ten generations later came Yun; six generations after Yun came Qu, whose son Xuan was Governor of Beiping in Yan. His son Yuanshou served Later Wei as Staff Commandant at Wuchuan garrison and had a son Huigu.
31
The Prince-of-Guan Branch stems from Qu's grandson Xing, who served Later Wei as Governor of Xinping. Guo had a grandson Shao, who was specially granted the surname Wuluyin under Later Zhou and resumed the original surname at the start of Sui. Later Shixiong received the title Prince of Guan, and the line was called the Prince-of-Guan Branch.
32
祿
Five generations from Yun came Zan, who served Sui as General Who Supports the State and Duke of Hedong. He had a son Chu, Grand Master of the Left Palace and Duke of Huashan commandery. A descendant of Chu named Bo lived for generations at Fufeng.
33
Grand Commandant Zhen's son Feng, styled Jishu, served Later Han as Commandant of the Capital Gates and Secretariat Attendant. Eight generations later, Jie served the Murong as Chancellor of Zhongshan. Two sons: Zhen and Ji. By the time of Shun the family had moved to Yongle in Hezhong; Qi moved to Yuanwu.
34
The Duke-of-Yue Branch stems from Ji, second son of Jie, Chancellor of Zhongshan. He had a son Hui, Governor of Luo province, posthumously titled Jian. He had a son En, Governor of Hejian; En's son Jun received the title Duke Gong of Yue, and the line was called the Duke-of-Yue Branch.
35
祿
Eleven men of this clan served as chancellor. Gongren, Zhirou, Shidao, Yan, Guozhong, Zaosi, Wan, Shou, She, Hongwu, and Sifu. Gao—the Gao clan traces its line to the Jiang surname. Chi, Duke Wen, sixth-generation descendant of Grand Duke Wang of Qi, had a son Prince Gao; his grandson Xi rose to Senior Minister of Qi. Together with Guan Zhong he rallied the feudal lords to great effect; Duke Huan had him take his grandfather's style character Gao as clan name, with a fief at Lu. Posthumously titled Jingzhong, the line served as Senior Minister for generations. Jingzhong had a son Master Zhuang Hu; Hu's line ran through Qingzi, Xuanzi Gu, Hou, and Zili to Zhi, who fled to Yan. Ten generations later, Liang served Song as Minister of Works and later entered Chu. Ten generations later, Hong served Later Han as Governor of Bohai and settled at Tiao county in Bohai. Four generations from Hong came Bao, styled Xuanren, who served as Tutor of the Crown Prince. Bao's grandson Cheng, styled Wenxiu, served as Chancellor of the National University and Governor of Dongguan. He had a son Yan, styled Qingshou, who served as Governor of Hanzhong. Yan's son Na, styled Xiaocai, served Wei as Secretariat Gentleman and Governor of Dongguan. Na's son Da, styled Shiyuan, served as Director in the Ministry of Personnel and Governor of Jiangxia. Four sons: Yue, Yi, Yin, and Han. Yin served Jin as Governor of Xuantu. He had a son Qing, who served Northern Yan as Chief Steward to the Crown Prince and Minister of Works. Three sons: Zhan, Jing, and Tai. Zhan served Later Wei as Gentleman at the Yellow Gate and Chief Steward of the Three Capitals. Two sons: Dang and Yi. Dang served as Rectifier for Ji and Qing provinces and was enfeoffed Duke Kang of Cangshui. Two sons: Zuo and You. You, styled Ziji, served as Grand Master for Splendid Happiness and was enfeoffed Marquis Ling of Jiankang. Two sons: Hebi and Zhen.
36
Tai served Northern Yan as Minister of Personnel and Director of the Secretariat. Two sons: Tao and Hu.
37
Among the Gao of Jingzhao was another branch sharing ancestry with Northern Qi; it first lived at Wen'an and later moved to Jingzhao.
38
The Jinling Gao originally stem from Gao Rui, Governor of Danyang in Wu. The family first lived at Guangling; four generations later Kui moved to Molin; thirteen generations later came Zichang.
39
簿
Four men of this clan served as chancellor. Shilian, Qu, Ying, and Zhizhou. Fang—the Fang clan traces its line to the Qi surname. Shun enfeoffed Yao's son Danzhu at Fang; Danzhu's son Ling took the state name as his clan. Thirty-five generations from Ling came Zhong, who in the reign of King Zhao of Zhou held a fief at Lingshou. He had a son Shen; twelve generations later Ya served Han as Governor of Changshan and moved the family to Yimo in Qinghe. Eleven generations later, Zhi served Later Han as Minister of Works. Eight generations from Zhi came Chen, who followed Murong De's southward migration and settled at Jinan. Four sons: Yu, Tan, Sui, and Xi, called the "Four Ancestors." Yu's grandson Fa Shou served Later Wei as Governor of Ji province. His grandson Yi rose to General Who Pacifies the Distant and inherited the title Baron of Zhuangwu. Two sons: Xiong and Bao. Xiong, styled Zibiao, served as chief clerk of the province and had a son Yanqian.
40
使
Among the Henan Fang, in early Jin there was Fang Gan of Qinghe, sent on mission to the northern tribes and detained; in their speech "Fang" sounded like "Wuyin," so the clan name was changed to Wuyin. Gan's descendants followed Wei's southward migration and resumed the Fang surname, but the Wuyin clan remained in Henan—Feng Sheng, General of the Cloud-Banner Guard, Commander of the Hongjiang Prefecture Army, and Duke of Wuyuan county under Tang, was their descendant.
41
西 西
Three men of this clan served as chancellor. Xuanling, Rong, and Guan. Yuwen—the Yuwen clan traces its line to descendants of the Southern Chanyu of the Xiongnu. Gewutu was a Xianbei chieftain whose line held the great chieftainship for generations; down to Puhui, who while hunting found a jade seal and took it as a heaven-sent mandate—in their speech "Son of Heaven" was called "Yuwen," and the clan took that name. One account holds that the Shennong clan was destroyed by the Yellow Emperor and its descendants fled north. In Xianbei speech grass was called "Sirun"; because Shennong had the merit of tasting herbs, they styled themselves the Sirun clan, and later the pronunciation shifted to Yuwen. Puhui's son Monuo moved from Yinshan to Liaoxi; under Later Zhou he was posthumously enfeoffed Marquis Xian. Marquis Xian's son Kedihan, styled Mohe Chanyu, opened territory west beyond Yumenguan and east beyond the Liao River. His grandson Pubo; Pubo's line ran through Qiubuqin, Mogui, and Xunniyan to Yidougui, who styled himself Great Chanyu and was destroyed by Murong Huang. He had six sons: first Babaling Ling, second Babao Gui, third Hechan, fourth Muyuan, fifth Hechan Shizhi, sixth Muchen. Babaling Ling, styled Aruoyan, served Later Wei as Chief Herdsman and General with the privileges of the Three Divisions and was enfeoffed Marquis Zhong of Anding; as a man of eminent ability he moved to Wuchuan in Daizhou. He had a son Xi, who rose to the office of Neigan. Two sons: Tao and Atou. Tao had three sons: Gong, Hao, and Tai. Tai was Emperor Wen, founding emperor of Later Zhou. Atou's son Zhong was posthumously enfeoffed Grand Minister of Education and Duke of Yu. He had a son Xing, who inherited the title Duke of Yu; Xing's son was Luo.
42
Muyuan's grandson Ba served Later Wei as Yuzhen Secretariat Director and was enfeoffed Marquis of Juyong. He had a son Zhiliqin, who served as Director in the Ministry of Justice. Zhiliqin's son was Xian.
43
There was also the Feiyetou clan, vassals of the Xianbei Yidougui; later, following their lord, they too took the surname Yuwen. Serving Later Wei, they held the post of garrison commander at Woye for generations; the great-great-grandson was Sheng.
44
Three men of this clan served as chancellor. Shiji, Jie, and Rong.
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