1
杜正倫從子:求仁從孫:咸崔知溫兄:知悌高智周附:石仲覽郭正一趙弘智來章崔敦禮楊弘禮弟:弘武侄:元禧族父:纂盧承慶侄:齊卿劉祥道子:齊賢從一李敬玄弟:元素劉德威子:審禮延景易從昇侄:延嗣孫處約子:佺邢文偉附:高子貢
Du Zhenglun (nephew Qiuren; great-nephew Xian); Cui Zhiwen (elder brother Zhitai); Gao Zhizhou with appended biographies of Shi Zhonglan, Guo Zhengyi, Zhao Hongzhi, Laizhang, Cui Dunli, and Yang Hongli (younger brother Hongwu; nephew Yuanxi; clan elder Zuan); Lu Chengqing (nephew Qiqing); Liu Xiangdao (sons Qixian and Congyi); Li Jingxuan (younger brother Yuansu); Liu Dewei (sons Shenli, Yanjing, Yicong, and Sheng; nephew Yansi); Sun Chuyue (son Quan); Xing Wenwei with appendix on Gao Zigong.
2
杜正倫
Du Zhenglun
3
杜正倫，相州洹水人。 隋世重舉秀才，天下不十人，而正倫一門三秀才，皆高第，為世歆美。 調武騎尉。 太宗素知名，表直秦王府文學館。 貞觀元年，魏征薦其才，擢兵部員外郎。 帝勞曰：「朕舉賢者，非朕獨私，以能益百姓也。 我于宗婭故人，苟無能，終不得任。 卿宜思有以稱吾舉者。」 俄遷給事中，知起居注。 帝嘗曰：「朕坐朝，不敢多言，必待有利於民，乃出諸口。」 正倫曰：「臣職左史，陛下一言失，非止損百姓，且筆之書，千載累德。」 帝悅，賜彩段二百。 進累中書侍郎。 與韋挺、虞世南、姚思廉論事稱旨，帝為設宴具，召四人者，謂曰：「我聞神龍可擾以馴，然頷有逆鱗，嬰者死，人君亦有之。 卿屬遂犯吾鱗，裨闕失，朕其慮危亡哉！ 思卿至意，故舉酒以相樂也。」 各賜帛有差。
Du Zhenglun was a native of Huanshui in Xiangzhou. Under the Sui, the xiucai degree was prized above all—fewer than ten men empire-wide received it in a year—yet three members of Zhenglun's clan alone passed with the highest honors, to the envy and admiration of the age. He was appointed commandant of the Wuji guard. Taizong had long known his name and recommended him directly to the Literary Institute of the Prince of Qin's household. In 627, Wei Zheng commended his ability, and he was promoted to vice director in the Ministry of War. The emperor encouraged him, saying, "When I promote the capable, it is not favoritism on my part—I do it because they can benefit the people. Even among my kinsmen and old friends from Yan, if they lack ability they will never be appointed. You should consider how to live up to my having promoted you. Soon afterward he was made supervising secretary and put in charge of the court diary. The emperor once said, "When I hold court I dare not speak at length; I wait until my words will benefit the people before I utter them. Zhenglun replied, "As left historian it is my duty to record: a single misstep by Your Majesty harms not only the people but is written into the annals, clouding your virtue for a thousand years." The emperor was pleased and granted him two hundred bolts of colored silk. He rose through successive promotions to vice director of the Secretariat. With Wei Ting, Yu Shinan, and Yao Silian he debated policy to the emperor's satisfaction; the emperor set a banquet and summoned the four, saying, "I have heard that the divine dragon may be tamed and handled, yet it has a reverse scale beneath the jaw—touch it and you die. A ruler has one too. You have just touched that scale of mine, remedying my failings—should I not fear ruin? Remembering your utmost loyalty, I raise this cup to rejoice with you. Each received silk gifts in varying amounts.
4
太子監國，詔正倫行左庶子，兼崇賢館學士。 帝謂正倫：「吾兒幼，未有就德，我常物物戒之。 今當監國，不得朝夕見，故輟卿於朝以佐太子。 慎之勖之。」 它日又言：「朕年十八，猶在人間，情偽無不嘗； 及即位，處置有失，必待諫，乃釋然悟，況太子生深宮不及知邪？ 且人主不可自驕，今若詔天下，敢諫者死，將無復發言矣。 故朕孜孜延進直言。 卿其以是曉太子，冀裨益之。」 擢中書侍郎，封南陽縣侯，仍兼太子左庶子。 出入兩宮，典機密，以辦治稱。 後太子稍失道，帝語正倫：「太子數私小人，卿可審喻之，教而不徙，其語我來。」 故正倫顯諫無所避。」 太子不從，輒道帝語督切，太子即表聞。 帝責曰：「何漏泄我語？」 對曰：「開示不入，故以陛下語怖之，冀當反善。」 帝怒，出為谷州刺史，再貶交州都督。 太子廢，坐受金帶，流馭州。 久之，授郢、石二州刺史。
When the crown prince was regent, an edict appointed Zhenglun acting left subordinate of the heir apparent and concurrent academician of the Chongxian Hall. The emperor told Zhenglun, "My son is still young and has not yet formed his character; I warn him constantly in every detail. Now that he will govern as regent I cannot see him morning and evening; therefore I release you from court duty to assist the crown prince. Be vigilant and encourage him. On another occasion he said, "When I was eighteen I was still living among ordinary people and tasted every kind of truth and deception; after I took the throne, whenever I erred I had to wait for remonstrance before I understood with relief—how much less can the crown prince, born deep within the palace, know such things? Moreover a ruler must not grow arrogant; if I now decreed that anyone who dared remonstrate would die, no one would ever speak up again. That is why I tirelessly seek out and promote those who speak frankly. Use this to enlighten the crown prince, in hope that it will benefit him." He was promoted to vice director of the Secretariat, enfeoffed as Marquis of Nanyang County, and still served concurrently as left subordinate of the heir apparent. Passing between the two palaces, he handled confidential affairs and was renowned for his administrative skill. Later the crown prince began to stray; the emperor told Zhenglun, "The crown prince keeps consorting with petty men in secret. Admonish him carefully—if teaching does not change him, report to me. Accordingly Zhenglun remonstrated openly and held nothing back. When the crown prince would not listen, he would repeat the emperor's words to press him sharply; the crown prince would immediately memorialize the throne. The emperor reproached him: "Why did you reveal what I told you in confidence? He answered, "Plain admonition did not penetrate, so I used Your Majesty's words to frighten him, hoping he would return to the right path." The emperor was angry and sent him out as prefect of Gu Prefecture, then demoted him again to military governor of Jiaozhou. When the crown prince was deposed, Zhenglun was punished for having accepted a gold belt from him and was exiled to Yuzhou. After a long interval he was appointed prefect of Ying and Shi prefectures.
5
顯慶元年，擢黃門侍郎，兼崇賢館學士，進同中書門下三品。 又兼度支尚書，仍知政事。 遷中書令，封襄陽縣公。 初，正倫已通貴，李義府官尚微，及同執政，不能下。 中書侍郎李友益，義府族也，晚附正倫，同摭義府釁缺。 義府使人告正倫、友益交通罔上，有異計。 高宗惡之，出正倫為橫州刺史，流友益峰州。 正倫卒於貶。
In 656 he was promoted to vice director of the Yellow Gate, concurrent academician of the Chongxian Hall, and advanced to third rank, equal to the secretariat and chancellery ministers. He also served concurrently as minister of revenue while continuing to direct state affairs. He was made director of the Secretariat and enfeoffed as Duke of Xiangyang County. Earlier, when Zhenglun had already risen high, Li Yifu still held a lesser post; once they shared power, Zhenglun could not bring himself to defer to him. Vice director Li Youyi, a kinsman of Yifu, had lately attached himself to Zhenglun; together they collected evidence of Yifu's misconduct. Yifu had someone accuse Zhenglun and Youyi of colluding to deceive the throne and plotting treason. Emperor Gaozong was displeased; he sent Zhenglun out as prefect of Hengzhou and exiled Youyi to Fengzhou. Zhenglun died in banishment.
6
正倫與城南諸杜昭穆素遠，求同譜，不許，銜之。 諸杜所居號杜固，世傳其地有壯氣，故世衣冠。 正倫既執政，建言鑿杜固通水以利人。 既鑿，川流如血，閱十日止，自是南杜稍不振。 正倫工屬文，嘗與中書舍人董思恭夜直，論文章。 思恭歸，謂人曰：「與杜公評文，今日覺吾文頓進。」 無子，以兄子志靜為嗣。
Zhenglun was only distantly related to the southern Du lineage of Zhaomu; he asked to be entered in their clan register but was refused, and he bore a grudge. The place where that branch of the Du clan lived was called Du Fort; tradition held that the site possessed potent geomantic force, which was why generation after generation produced court officials. Once Zhenglun held power he proposed cutting through Du Fort to open waterways for the public good. Once the cut was made the stream ran like blood for ten days before it stopped; from then on the southern Du clan gradually declined. Zhenglun was skilled at literary composition; he once debated writing through the night on palace duty with draftsman Dong Sigong of the Secretariat. Sigong returned home and told others, "After critiquing texts with Master Du today, I feel my own writing has suddenly improved. He had no son and adopted his brother's son Zhijing as his heir.
7
從子求仁
Nephew Qiuren
8
從子求仁、從孫咸皆顯名。
His nephew Qiuren and great-nephew Xian both won distinction.
9
求仁有雅才。 永淳中，授監察御史，坐事為黔令。 與徐敬業舉兵，為興復府左長史，死於難。
Qiuren possessed refined literary talent. During the Yongchun period he was appointed investigating censor; for an offense he was demoted to magistrate of Qian. He joined Xu Jingye in raising arms, served as left chief administrator of the Restoration Bureau, and died in the rebellion.
10
從孫咸
Great-nephew Xian
11
咸擢進士第。 累遷右台監察御史。 牂柯反，鹹監軍出討。 賊保壘自固，道荒漫，師不能進。 鹹乃息士，示不欲戰，陰伺之。 時旱暑風熾，鹹縱火，噪而前，賊眩怖相失，自騰踐死，擒其酋，遂平之。 遷侍御史，出為汾州長史。 開元中，為河北按察使。 坐用法深，貶睦州司馬。
Xian passed the jinshi civil examination. He rose through successive promotions to investigating censor of the right censorate. When Zangke rebelled, Xian supervised the army on the punitive campaign. The rebels held their fortifications; the roads were flooded and overgrown, and the army could not advance. Xian then rested the troops and feigned unwillingness to fight while secretly watching for an opening. It was a season of drought, fierce heat, and strong wind; Xian set fires and advanced with a great clamor; the rebels, blinded and terrified, lost one another and trampled each other to death; he captured their chieftain and pacified the region. He was promoted to attending censor and sent out as chief administrator of Fen Prefecture. During the Kaiyuan reign he served as investigation commissioner for Hebei. For applying the law with excessive severity he was demoted to vice prefect of Muzhou.
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崔知溫
Cui Zhiwen
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崔知溫，字禮仁，許州鄢陵人。 仕為左千牛，稍遷靈州司馬。 境有渾、斛薩萬帳，數擾齊民，農皆釋耒習騎射以扞賊。 知溫表徙河北，虜不樂遷，將軍契苾何力為言，乃止。 知溫固請，疏十五報，卒徙河北，自是人得就耕。 渾、斛薩至徙地，顧善水草，亦忘遷。 後入朝，過州，謝曰：「初徙且怨公，今地膏腴，眾孳夥，更荷公恩。」 皆再拜。
Cui Zhiwen, courtesy name Liren, was a native of Yanling in Xuzhou. He entered service as a left palace guard officer and was gradually promoted to vice prefect of Ling Prefecture. Within the prefecture lived a hundred thousand tents of Hun and Husuo tribes who repeatedly harassed the settled population; farmers abandoned the plow to learn mounted archery against raiders. Zhiwen memorialized to relocate them to Hebei; the tribes were unwilling to move, and General Qibi Heli interceded on their behalf, so the relocation was halted. Zhiwen pressed his case firmly; after fifteen memorials they were at last moved to Hebei, and from then on the people could return to farming. When the Hun and Husuo reached their new lands and saw the fine grass and water, they too forgot their resentment over the move. Later, when they came to court and passed through his province, they thanked him: "At first we resented you for moving us; now the land is fertile and our numbers have grown—we owe you even greater gratitude. They all bowed twice in thanks.
14
四遷蘭州刺史。 党項羌三萬入寇，州兵寡，眾懼，莫知所出。 知溫披闔不設備，羌怪之，不敢進。 俄會將軍權善才率兵至，大破其眾。 善才欲遂窮追取之，知溫曰：「古善戰弗逆奔，且溪穀復深，草木荒延，萬分一有變，不可悔。」 善才曰：「善。」 分降口五百贈知溫，辭曰：「我議公事，圖私利邪？」
After four promotions he became prefect of Lan Prefecture. Thirty thousand Tangut Qiang invaded; the prefectural troops were few, the people were afraid, and no one knew what to do. Zhiwen opened the city gates and made no defensive preparations; the Qiang were puzzled and dared not advance. Soon General Quan Shancai arrived with troops and routed them completely. Shancai wanted to press the pursuit and capture them all; Zhiwen said, "Ancient masters of war did not drive fleeing enemies; besides, the ravines are deep and the undergrowth thick—if the slightest mishap occurs, it cannot be undone. Shancai said, "Well said." He apportioned five hundred surrendered captives as a gift to Zhiwen; Zhiwen declined: "I spoke on public business—would I seek private gain?"
15
累遷尚書左丞，轉黃門侍郎，脩國史。 永隆初，以秩卑，特詔同門下三品，兼脩國史。 遷中書令。 卒，年五十七，贈幽州大都督，諡曰忠。 子泰之，開元時，為工部尚書； 諤之，為將作少匠，與誅二張功，封博陵縣侯，實封戶二百，終少府監。
He rose through successive promotions to left assistant director of the Department of State Affairs, then vice director of the Yellow Gate, and revised the national history. Early in the Yonglong era, because his rank was low, he was specially ordered to third rank equal to the secretariat and chancellery ministers while continuing to revise the history. He was promoted to director of the Secretariat. He died at fifty-seven; posthumously he was made governor-general of You Prefecture with the posthumous title Loyal. His son Taizhi served as minister of works during the Kaiyuan reign; Erzhi was vice director of palace construction; for his role in executing the Two Zhangs he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Boling with two hundred taxable households and ended his career as director of the palace workshops.
16
兄知悌
Elder brother Zhitai
17
兄知悌，亦至中書侍郎。 與戴至德、郝處俊、李敬玄等同賜飛白書贊，而知悌、敬玄以忠勤見表。 遷尚書左丞。 裴行儉之破突厥，斬泥孰匐，殘落保狼山，詔知悌馳往定襄慰將士，佐行儉平遺寇，有功。 終戶部尚書。
His elder brother Zhitai also rose to vice director of the Secretariat. Together with Dai Zhide, Hao Chujun, and Li Jingxuan he received imperial commendation written in flying-white script; Zhitai and Jingxuan in particular were singled out for loyalty and diligence. He was promoted to left assistant director of the Department of State Affairs. When Pei Xingjian defeated the Turks and beheaded Nishufu, the remnants held Wolf Mountain; an edict sent Zhitai posthaste to Dingxiang to console the troops and assist Xingjian in pacifying the remnant bandits, for which he earned merit. He ended his career as minister of revenue.
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高智周
Gao Zhizhou
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高智周，常州晉陵人。 第進士，補越王府參軍。 遷費令，與丞、尉均取俸，民安其化，刻石頌美。 入擢秘書郎、弘文館直學士。 嘗覆弈、誦碑，無謬者。 三遷蘭台大夫。 孝敬在東宮，與司文郎中賀敳、司經大夫王真儒並為侍讀，得告還鄉里歎曰：「進不知退，取禍之道也。」 即移病去。
Gao Zhizhou was a native of Jinling in Chang Prefecture. After passing the jinshi examination he was appointed aide in the household of the Prince of Yue. He was promoted to magistrate of Fei; he and the assistant magistrate and the defender all took only their official stipends, the people lived peacefully under his governance, and they carved a stone inscription in praise of him. After he entered the capital, he was selected and promoted to secretary gentleman and direct scholar of the Hongwen Institute. Once, when he reconstructed a weiqi game from memory and recited a stele inscription, he made not a single mistake. After three promotions he became grand master of the Orchid Terrace. When the Filial and Reverent Crown Prince was in the Eastern Palace, he served alongside Document Examiner He Kai and Director of the Classics Wang Zhenru as a reader-in-waiting; granted leave to return home, he sighed and said, "Not knowing when to withdraw after advancing is the way to invite disaster." He immediately submitted a resignation on grounds of illness and left his post.
20
俄拜夀州刺史，其治尚文雅，行部，先見諸生，質經義及政得失，既乃錄獄訟，考耕餉勤墮，以為常。 遷正諫大夫、黃門侍郎。 儀鳳初，進同中書門下三品。 遷太子左庶子。 是時崔知溫、劉景先脩國史，故智周與郝處俊監蒞。 久之，罷為御史大夫，與薛元超、裴炎同治章懷太子獄，無所同異，固表去位。 高宗美其概，授右散騎常侍。 請致仕，聽之。 卒，年八十二，贈越州都督，諡曰定。
He was soon appointed prefect of Shou. His administration valued refinement and literary culture; when touring his jurisdiction, he would first visit the students and question them on the classics and on the strengths and weaknesses of governance, and only afterward would he take up prison cases and examine diligence and neglect in farming and tax-grain delivery—making this his regular practice. He was promoted to direct censor-in-chief and vice director of the Yellow Gate. At the beginning of the Yifeng era, he was advanced to grand counselor of the Chancellery and Secretariat with the third rank. He was promoted to left assistant to the crown prince. At this time Cui Zhiwen and Liu Jingxian were compiling the national history, so Zhizhou and Hao Chujun jointly supervised the project. After some time he was demoted to censor-in-chief; together with Xue Yuanchao and Pei Yan he tried the case of Crown Prince Zhanghuai, found no points of disagreement, and firmly submitted a memorial asking to leave his post. Emperor Gaozong admired his integrity and appointed him right regular attendant. He requested retirement, and the request was granted. He died at the age of eighty-two; he was posthumously awarded the title of area commander of Yue and given the posthumous name Ding.
21
附石仲覽
Appendix: Shi Zhonglan.
22
智周始與郝處俊、來濟、孫處約共依江都石仲覽。 仲覽傾產結四人驩，因請各語所期。 處俊曰：「丈夫惟無仕，仕至宰相乃可。」 智周、濟如之。 處約曰：「得為舍人，在殿中周旋吐納可也。」 仲覽使相工視之，工語仲覽曰：「高之貴，君不及見之。 來早顯而末躓，高晚顯而壽。 吾聞速登者易顛，徐進者少患，天道也。」 後濟居吏部，處約以瀛州參軍入調，濟曰：「如志。」 擬通事舍人。 畢，降階勞問平生。 既仲覽卒，而濟等益顯。
In his early years Zhizhou, together with Hao Chujun, Lai Ji, and Sun Chuyue, all relied on Shi Zhonglan of Jiangdu. Zhonglan spent his entire fortune to bind the four men in friendship, then asked each to say what he hoped to achieve. Chujun said, "For a man, only if he does not hold office is it acceptable; if he holds office, he must reach the chancellorship." Zhizhou and Ji said the same. Chuyue said, "It would be enough to become an attendant and move about within the palace hall, receiving and expounding policy." Zhonglan had a physiognomist examine them; the artisan told Zhonglan, "Gao's eminence—you, sir, will not live to see it. Lai will rise early and stumble at the end; Gao will rise late and enjoy a long life. I have heard that those who rise swiftly easily fall, while those who advance slowly suffer fewer troubles—such is the way of Heaven." Later, when Ji was in the Ministry of Personnel and Chuyue entered the capital for reassignment as an army adjutant of Yingzhou, Ji said, "As you wished." He proposed him for attendant for diplomatic reception. When the appointment was finished, he came down the steps and inquired solicitously about Chuyue's life. After Zhonglan died, Ji and the others became ever more prominent.
23
智周所善義興蔣子慎，有客嘗視兩人，曰：「高公位極人臣，而嗣少弱； 蔣侯宦不達，後且興。」 子慎終達安尉。 其子繒往見智周，智周方貴，以女妻之。 生子挺，曆湖、延二州刺史。 生子洌、渙，皆擢進士。 洌為尚書左丞。 渙，永泰初曆鴻臚卿，日本使嘗遺金帛，不納，唯取箋一番，為書以貽其副雲。 挺之卒，洌兄弟廬墓側，植松柏千餘。 渙終禮部尚書，封汝南公。 洌子煉，渙子銖，又有清白名。 而高氏後無聞。
Jiang Zishen of Yixing, whom Zhizhou befriended—a guest once examined the two men and said, "Lord Gao will reach the highest rank among subjects, yet his heir is young and weak; Marquis Jiang will not attain high office, but his line will flourish later." Zishen ultimately reached the post of defender of An. His son Zeng went to visit Zhizhou; Zhizhou was then at the height of his eminence and gave his daughter to him in marriage. He had a son, Ting, who served successively as prefect of Hu and prefect of Yan. He had sons Lie and Huan, both of whom passed the jinshi examination. Lie served as left assistant director of the Department of State Affairs. Huan, in the early Yongtai era, served as director of the Court for Dependencies; when Japanese envoys once presented gold and silk, he refused to accept them, taking only one sheet of letter paper on which he wrote a message to their deputy. When Ting died, Lie and his brothers built mourning huts beside the tomb and planted more than a thousand pines and cypresses. Huan ended his career as minister of rites and was enfeoffed as Duke of Runan. Lie's son Lian and Huan's son Zhu also had reputations for integrity. But afterward nothing more was heard of the Gao clan.
24
郭正一
Guo Zhengyi.
25
郭正一，定州鼓城人。 貞觀時，由進士署第，曆中書舍人、弘文館學士。 永隆中，遷秘書少監，檢校中書侍郎，詔與郭待舉、岑長倩、魏玄同並同中書門下承受進止平章事。 平章事自正一等始。 永淳中，真遷中書侍郎。 執政久，明習故事，文辭詔敕多出其手。
Guo Zhengyi was a native of Gucheng in Dingzhou. During the Zhenguan era, having passed the jinshi examination and been placed on the roster, he served successively as attendant of the Chancellery and scholar of the Hongwen Institute. In the Yonglong era he was promoted to vice director of the Secretariat and acting vice director of the Chancellery; an edict appointed him together with Guo Daiju, Cen Changqian, and Wei Xuantong as co-chancellors of the Chancellery and Secretariat, receiving and acting on imperial directives. The title of co-chancellor began with Zhengyi and the others. In the Yongchun era Zhen was promoted to vice director of the Chancellery. Having held power for a long time, he was well versed in precedent, and most of the literary compositions and edicts issued came from his hand.
26
劉審禮與吐番戰青海，大敗。 高宗召群臣問所以制戎，正一曰：「吐蕃曠年梗寇，師數出，坐費糧貲。 近討則喪威，深入則不能得其巢穴。 今上策莫如少募兵，且明烽候，勿事侵擾，須數年之遲，力有餘，人思戰，一舉可破矣。」 劉齊賢、皇甫文亮等議，亦與正一合，帝納之。
Liu Shenli fought the Tibetans at Qinghai and suffered a great defeat. Emperor Gaozong summoned the ministers to ask how to control the frontier tribes; Zhengyi said, "The Tibetans have for years obstructed and raided; our armies have repeatedly marched out, consuming provisions and funds to no effect. If we strike nearby we lose prestige; if we penetrate deeply we cannot reach their strongholds. Now the best strategy is to recruit fewer troops, keep the beacon signals clear, and refrain from aggressive incursions; after several years, when our strength is sufficient and the men are eager to fight, we can break them in a single stroke." Liu Qixian, Huangfu Wenliang, and others in discussion also agreed with Zhengyi, and the emperor adopted the proposal.
27
武后專國，罷為國子祭酒，出檢校陝州刺史。 與張楚金、元萬頃皆為周興所誣構，殺之，籍入其家，妻息流放。 文章無存者。
When Empress Wu monopolized the state, he was demoted to chancellor of the Directorate of Education and sent out as acting prefect of Shanzhou. Together with Zhang Chujin and Yuan Wanqing he was falsely implicated by Zhou Xing, executed, and his household property confiscated; his wife and children were exiled. None of his writings survive.
28
趙弘智
Zhao Hongzhi.
29
趙弘智，河南新安人，元魏車騎大將軍肅之孫。 早喪母，事父篤孝。 通書傳，仕隋為司隸從事。 武德初，大理卿郎楚之白為詹事府主簿。 太宗時，豫論譔，錄勤，繇太子舍人進黃門侍郎，兼弘文館學士。 移病出為萊州刺史，稍遷太子右庶子。 父事兄弘安，俸祿歸之，不敢私。 弘安卒，哀慟過期，奉嫂謹甚，撫兄子慈均所生。 會太子廢，免官。 俄拜光州刺史。 記徽初，入為陳王師。 講《孝經》百福殿，於是宰相、弘文館學士、太學生皆在，弘智舉五孝，諸儒更詰辨，隨問酬悉，舌無留語。 高宗喜曰：「試為我陳經之要，以輔不逮。」 對曰：「'天子有爭臣七人，雖無道，不失天下。 '願以此獻。」 帝悅，賜絹二百、名馬一。 四年，進國子祭酒，仍為學士。 卒，年八十二，諡曰宣。 弘安亦終國子祭酒。
Zhao Hongzhi was a native of Xin'an in Henan, grandson of Su, general of chariots and cavalry of Northern Wei. He lost his mother early and served his father with deep filial devotion. He mastered the classics and histories and served the Sui as an aide in the metropolitan inspectorate. At the beginning of the Wude era, chief judge of the Court of Judicial Review Lang Chuzhi recommended him as registrar of the Household of the Heir Apparent. During Taizong's reign he participated in compiling the Veritable Records, was commended for diligence, and rose from attendant of the heir apparent to vice director of the Yellow Gate, concurrently serving as scholar of the Hongwen Institute. He submitted a resignation on grounds of illness and went out as prefect of Lai, then was gradually promoted to right assistant to the crown prince. He treated his elder brother Hong'an as a father, turning over his salary to him and keeping nothing for himself. When Hong'an died, he mourned beyond the prescribed period; he served his sister-in-law with great care and raised his elder brother's son with the same affection as for a child of his own. When the crown prince was deposed, he was dismissed from office. He was soon appointed prefect of Guang. At the beginning of the Yonghui era, he entered the capital as tutor to the Prince of Chen. He lectured on the Classic of Filial Piety in the Hall of a Hundred Blessings; the chancellors, scholars of the Hongwen Institute, and students of the Imperial Academy were all present. Hongzhi expounded the Five Filial Acts; the Confucians repeatedly questioned and debated, and to every query he responded completely, leaving nothing unsaid. Emperor Gaozong was pleased and said, "Try to expound for me the essentials of the classic, to assist where I fall short." He replied, "'The Son of Heaven has seven remonstrating ministers; even if he is without the Way, he will not lose the realm. I wish to offer this to Your Majesty." The emperor was pleased and bestowed two hundred bolts of silk and one fine horse. In the fourth year he was promoted to chancellor of the Directorate of Education while continuing as a scholar. He died at the age of eighty-two; his posthumous name was Xuan. Hong'an also ended his career as chancellor of the Directorate of Education.
30
曾孫矜，舉明經，調舞陽主簿，吳少誠反，以縣歸，徙襄城主簿，賜牙緋。 曆襄陽丞。 客死柳州，官為斂葬。 後十七年，子來章始壯，自襄陽往求其喪，不得，野哭。 再閱旬，卜人秦誗為筮曰：「金食其墨，而火以貴，其墓直醜，在道之右，南有貴神，塚土是守。 宜遇西人，深目而髯，乃其得實。」 明日，有老人過其所，問之，得矜墓，直社北，遂歸葬弘安墓次。 時人哀來章孝，皆為出涕雲。
His great-grandson Jin passed the mingjing examination and was appointed registrar of Wuyang; when Wu Shaocheng rebelled, Jin surrendered the county to him, was transferred to registrar of Xiangcheng, and was granted the scarlet insignia of office. He served as assistant magistrate of Xiangyang. He died abroad in Liuzhou; the authorities arranged for his burial. Seventeen years later, when his son Laizhang had come of age, he went from Xiangyang to seek his father's remains but could not find them and wept in the open country. After another ten days, the diviner Qin Bang performed a divination for him and said, "Metal eats its ink, yet fire brings eminence; the tomb lies due north-northeast, on the right side of the road; to the south is a noble spirit, and the mound's earth is its guardian. You should meet a man from the west, deep-eyed and bearded—then you will obtain the truth." The next day an old man passed by where he was; he questioned him and found Jin's tomb, due north of the earth-god shrine, and then returned to bury him beside Hong'an's tomb. People of the time mourned Laizhang's filial piety, and all shed tears, they say.
31
崔敦禮
Cui Dunli.
32
崔敦禮，字安上。 祖仲方，在隋為禮部尚書。 其先，博陵著姓，魏末，徙為雍州咸陽人。 敦禮涉書傳，以節義自將。 武德中，官通事舍人。 善辭令進止，觀者皆竦。 嘗持節幽州召廬江王瑗，瑗已舉兵，執之，脅問朝廷事，敦禮不為言，太宗壯之。 還，除左衛郎將，賜金幣良馬。 擢中書舍人，四遷兵部侍郎。 出為靈州都督。 召還，拜兵部尚書。 詔撫輯回紇、鐵勒部姓，會薛延陀寇邊，與李勣合兵破之，置祁連州處其餘眾。 瀚海都督回紇吐迷度為下所殺，詔往綏定，立其嗣而還。 敦禮通知四夷情偽，其少，慕蘇武為人，故屢使突厥，前後建明，允會事機。
Cui Dunli, courtesy name Anshang. His grandfather Zhongfang served the Sui as minister of rites. His ancestors were a distinguished clan of Boling; at the end of Wei they moved and became natives of Xianyang in Yongzhou. Dunli was versed in the classics and histories and conducted himself with integrity and righteousness. During the Wude era he served as attendant for diplomatic reception. He was skilled in ceremonial language and deportment; all who watched were awed. Once, bearing credentials, he went to Youzhou to summon the Prince of Lujiang, Yuan; Yuan had already raised troops, seized him, and coerced him with questions about court affairs, but Dunli would not speak; Taizong admired his fortitude. On his return he was appointed captain of the Left Guard and bestowed gold, coins, and a fine horse. He was promoted to attendant of the Chancellery and after four promotions became vice minister of war. He went out as area commander of Ling. Recalled to court, he was appointed minister of war. An edict ordered him to pacify and settle the tribal groups of the Uyghurs and Tiele; when Xueyantuo raided the frontier, he joined forces with Li Ji and defeated them, establishing Qilian Prefecture to settle the remaining population. Tumidu, area commander of Hanhai of the Uyghurs, was killed by his subordinates; an edict sent Dunli to pacify the region, install the successor, and return. Dunli was thoroughly acquainted with the true and false conditions of the four barbarians; from youth he admired Su Wu's character, and so he was repeatedly sent on missions to the Turks; his proposals before and after were timely and accorded with the needs of the moment.
33
永徽四年，拜侍中，監脩國史。 累封固安縣公。 進中書令兼檢校太子詹事。 以久疾，自言不任事奉兩宮。 更拜太子少師、同中書門下三品。 弟余慶，時為定襄都督府司馬，召使侍疾。 卒，年六十一。 高宗為舉哀東雲龍門，賻布、秘器尤厚，贈開府儀同三司、并州大都督，諡曰昭，陪葬昭陵。 余慶位亦至兵部尚書。
In the fourth year of Yonghui he was appointed palace counselor and supervised the compilation of the national history. He was repeatedly enfeoffed as Duke of Gu'an County. He was advanced to director of the Chancellery, concurrently serving as acting supervisor of the Household of the Heir Apparent. Because of a prolonged illness, he stated that he was unable to bear the duties of serving both palaces. He was then appointed junior tutor to the heir apparent, with the status of associate chancellor of the third rank. His younger brother Yuqing, then serving as military adjutant of the Dingxiang area command, was summoned to attend him in his illness. He died at the age of sixty-one. Gaozong held mourning rites for him east of the Gate of Cloud and Dragon; funerary gifts of cloth and secretarial implements were especially generous; he was posthumously appointed honorary grand general of the imperial guard and grand general-in-chief of Bing Prefecture; his posthumous name was Zhao; and he was buried near Zhaoling. Yuqing also rose to the position of minister of war.
34
楊弘禮
Yang Hongli
35
楊弘禮，字履莊，隋尚書令素弟之子。 雅與玄感不忄辦，嘗表其必亂。 玄感誅，父岳系長安獄，煬帝使赦之，比至，嶽已死。 高祖即位，以素有功于隋，詔弘禮襲清河郡公，除太子通事舍人。 貞觀中，累遷中書舍人。
Yang Hongli, courtesy name Lüzhuang, was the son of Yang Su's younger brother; Su had been director of the imperial secretariat under the Sui. He had never been on good terms with Yang Xuangan and once submitted a memorial predicting that Xuangan would certainly rebel. When Xuangan was executed, his father Yue was held in the prison at Chang'an; Emperor Yang sent orders to pardon him, but by the time they arrived, Yue was already dead. When Gaozu took the throne, because Su had rendered meritorious service to the Sui, an edict granted Hongli succession to the title Duke of Qinghe Commandery and appointed him attendant for the heir apparent. During the Zhenguan era he was repeatedly promoted to attendant of the chancellery.
36
太宗征遼東，拜兵部侍郎。 駐蹕之役，領步騎二十四軍跳出賊背，所向摧靡。 帝自山下望其眾，袍仗精整，人人盡力，壯之，謂許敬宗曰：「越公兒郎，故有家風。」 時宰相悉留定州輔皇太子，唯褚遂良、敬宗、弘禮掌行在機務。 還，拜中書侍郎。 遷司農卿。 為昆丘道副大總管，破處密，殺焉耆王，降馺支部，獲龜茲、于闐王，凱旋。 會帝崩，大臣疾之，下遷涇州刺史。 永徽初，追論其功，遷勝州都督，改太府卿。 卒，贈蘭州都督，諡曰質。
When Taizong campaigned against Liaodong, he was appointed vice minister of war. In the battle at Zhubi, he led twenty-four armies of infantry and cavalry in a sortie behind the enemy lines, crushing all before him. From the foot of the hill the emperor looked upon his troops—robes and weapons in fine order, every man straining his utmost—and was impressed. He said to Xu Jingzong, "The Duke of Yue's sons truly inherit the family tradition." At that time all the chief ministers had remained at Dingzhou to assist the crown prince; only Chu Suiliang, Jingzong, and Hongli handled affairs at the traveling palace. On his return he was appointed vice director of the chancellery. He was transferred to minister of revenue. As deputy supreme commander on the Kunqiu campaign route, he defeated Chumi, killed the king of Yanqi, subjugated the Satab tribes, captured the kings of Kucha and Khotan, and returned in triumph. When the emperor died shortly afterward, the chief ministers resented him and he was demoted to prefect of Jing Prefecture. At the beginning of the Yonghui era his merits were reconsidered; he was transferred to area commander of Sheng Prefecture and then made minister of the palace storehouse. He died and was posthumously appointed area commander of Lan Prefecture; his posthumous name was Zhi.
37
弟弘武
Younger brother: Hongwu
38
弟弘武。 弘武少修謹。 永徽中，累為吏部郎中、太子中舍人。 高宗東封泰山，自荊州司馬擢司戎少常伯，從帝。 還，詔補授吏部五品官，遷西台侍郎。 帝嘗讓曰：「爾在戎司，授官多非其才，何邪？」 弘武曰：「臣妻剛悍，此其所屬，不敢違。」 以諷帝用後言也。 帝笑不罪。 乾封二年，同東西台三品。 弘武無它才，特謙慎自守，然居職以清簡稱。 卒，贈汴州刺史，諡曰恭。
His younger brother was Hongwu. Hongwu was from youth careful and self-restrained in conduct. During the Yonghui era he successively served as bureau director in the Ministry of Personnel and attendant of the heir apparent. When Gaozong performed the eastern feng sacrifice at Mount Tai, Hongwu was promoted from military aide of Jing Prefecture to junior director of the court for rites on military affairs and accompanied the emperor. On their return, an edict authorized him to appoint fifth-rank officials in the Ministry of Personnel; he was then transferred to vice director of the Western Terrace. The emperor once reproached him, saying, "When you were in the military bureau, many of the offices you granted did not go to men of talent—why?" Hongwu replied, "My wife is fierce and overbearing; these appointments were her choices, and I dared not disobey." He said this to satirize the emperor's reliance on the empress's words in government. The emperor laughed and did not punish him. In the second year of Qianfeng he was appointed associate director of both chancelleries, third rank. Hongwu possessed no other special talent; he was merely modest and careful in guarding his conduct, yet in office he was known for his clarity and simplicity. He died and was posthumously appointed prefect of Bian Prefecture; his posthumous name was Gong.
39
三子：元亨、元禧、元禕。
He had three sons: Yuanheng, Yuanxi, and Yuanyi.
40
侄元禧
Nephew: Yuanxi
41
元禧為尚舍奉禦，善醫，武后所信愛。 嘗忤張易之，易之奏「素在隋有逆節，子孫不可供奉」。 後乃詔「素及兄弟有子若孫不得任京官及侍衛。」 貶元亨睦州刺史，元禧資州刺史，元禕梓州司馬。 易之誅，復任京官，並至刺史。
Yuanxi served as attendant of the palace provisions and was skilled in medicine; Empress Wu trusted and favored him. Once he offended Zhang Yizhi; Yizhi memorialized the throne, "Su harbored treasonous designs under the Sui; his descendants must not serve at court." An edict was then issued: "Su and his brothers—none of their sons or grandsons may hold capital offices or serve as palace guards." Yuanheng was demoted to prefect of Mu Prefecture, Yuanxi to prefect of Zi Prefecture, and Yuanyi to military aide of Zi Prefecture. After Yizhi was executed, they were restored to capital offices and all eventually reached the rank of prefect.
42
族父纂
Clan elder: Zuan
43
纂，字續卿，弘禮族父。 大業時，第進士，為朔方郡司法書佐。 坐玄感近屬，廢居蒲城。 高祖度河，上謁長春宮。 遷累侍御史。 數上書言事，稱旨，除考功郎中。 貞觀初，為長安令，賜爵長安縣男。 有告女子袁妖逆者，纂按之，情不得。 袁敗，太宗惡其不忠，將殺之，中書令溫彥博以過誤當宥，乃免。 後為吏部侍郎，有俗才，抑文雅，進黠吏，度時舞數以自進。 終戶部尚書，贈幽州都督，諡曰恭。
Zuan, courtesy name Xuqing, was a clan elder of Hongli's lineage. During the Daye era he passed the jinshi examination and served as legal secretary of Shuofang Commandery. Because he was a close kinsman of Xuangan, he was dismissed and lived in retirement at Pucheng. When Gaozu crossed the Yellow River, Zuan went to pay his respects at Changchun Palace. After several promotions he became palace censor. He repeatedly submitted memorials on state affairs that pleased the emperor and was appointed bureau director in the Ministry for Evaluating Merit. At the beginning of the Zhenguan era he served as magistrate of Chang'an and was enfeoffed as baron of Chang'an County. When someone denounced a woman surnamed Yuan for sorcery and treason, Zuan investigated but could not establish the facts. When Yuan's conspiracy failed, Taizong abhorred Zuan's lack of loyalty and was about to execute him; chief minister Wen Yanbo argued that the offense deserved pardon as a mistake, and Zuan was spared. Later, as vice minister of personnel, he had worldly talent but suppressed men of scholarly refinement, promoted crafty officials, and adjusted his stratagems to the times to advance himself. He ended as minister of revenue, was posthumously appointed area commander of You Prefecture, and received the posthumous name Gong.
44
纂從子昉，武后時為肅機。 宇文化及子訴治先廕，昉方食，未即判，遽曰：「肅機，而未食，庸知天下有冤而求食乎？」 昉怒，取牒署曰：「父弑隋主，子訴隋資，可乎？」 人服其敏。 終工部尚書。
Zuan's nephew Fang served during Empress Wu's reign as secretariat drafter. When the son of Yuwen Huaji petitioned to restore inherited privilege, Fang was at his meal and had not yet rendered judgment. The petitioner pressed him urgently, saying, "A secretariat drafter sits eating and has not judged—how can he know that under heaven there are wrongs while he seeks his meal?" Fang grew angry, took the petition and wrote upon it, "Your father murdered the Sui sovereign, and you petition for Sui perquisites—is that permissible?" People admired his quick wit. He ended as minister of works.
45
盧承慶
Lu Chengqing
46
盧承慶，字子餘，幽州涿人，隋散騎侍郎思道之孫。 父赤松，為河東令，與高祖雅故，聞兵興，迎見霍邑，拜行台兵部郎中，終率更令、范陽郡公。 承慶美儀矩，博學而才。 少襲爵。 貞觀初，為秦州參軍，入奏軍事，太宗偉其辯，擢考功員外郎。 累遷民部侍郎。 帝問歷代戶版，承慶敘夏、商至周、隋增損曲折，引據該詳，帝嗟賞。 俄兼檢校兵部侍郎，知五品選，辭曰：「選事在尚書，臣掌之為出位。」 帝不許，曰：「朕信卿，卿何不自信？」 曆雍州別駕、尚書左丞。
Lu Chengqing, courtesy name Ziyu, was a native of Zhuo in You Prefecture and grandson of Lu Sidao, attendant cavalier under the Sui. His father Chisong was magistrate of Hedong; an old acquaintance of Gaozu, when he heard troops were rising he went to meet him at Huoyi and was appointed bureau director in the military section of the mobile secretariat; he ended as director of the directorate of water clocks and duke of Fanyang Commandery. Chengqing had handsome bearing and deportment, was broadly learned, and possessed talent. In youth he inherited his father's title. At the beginning of Zhenguan he served as adjutant of Qin Prefecture; when he entered court to report on military affairs, Taizong was impressed by his eloquence and promoted him to vice bureau director in the Ministry for Evaluating Merit. After repeated promotions he became vice minister of the household. When the emperor asked about household registers through the ages, Chengqing recounted the twists of increase and decrease from Xia and Shang through Zhou and Sui, citing sources comprehensively and in detail; the emperor sighed in admiration. Soon he was concurrently appointed acting vice minister of war and put in charge of selection for fifth-rank posts; he declined, saying, "Selection belongs to the Ministry of Personnel; for me to oversee it would be overstepping my station." The emperor did not permit this and said, "I trust you—why do you not trust yourself?" He successively served as vice prefect of Yong Prefecture and left assistant director of the Department of State Affairs.
47
高宗永徽時，坐事貶簡州司馬。 閱歲，改洪州長史。 帝將幸汝湯泉，故拜汝州刺史。 顯慶四年，以度支尚書同中書門下三品，坐調非法，免。 俄拜潤州刺史。 拜刑部尚書。 以金紫光祿大夫致仕，卒。 臨終，誡其子曰：「死生至理，猶朝有暮。 吾死，斂以常服，晦朔無薦牲，葬勿卜日，器用陶漆，棺而不槨，墳高可識，碑誌著官號年月，無用虛文。」 贈幽州都督，諡曰定。
During Yonghui under Gaozong he was demoted for an offense to military aide of Jian Prefecture. After a year he was transferred to chief administrator of Hong Prefecture. Because the emperor was about to visit the hot springs at Ru, Chengqing was appointed prefect of Ru Prefecture. In the fourth year of Xianqing, as minister of revenue with the status of associate chancellor of the third rank, he was dismissed for irregularities in fiscal regulation. Shortly afterward he was appointed prefect of Run Prefecture. He was appointed minister of justice. He retired with the title of grand master of splendid happiness with the purple-gold seal and died. On his deathbed he admonished his sons, saying, "Life and death are the ultimate principle—it is like morning having its evening. When I die, dress me in ordinary clothes; at the new and full moons offer no sacrificial animals; do not choose an auspicious day for burial; use pottery and lacquer for vessels; a coffin but no outer case; make the mound high enough to identify; let the stele record only office, title, and dates—no empty rhetoric." He was posthumously appointed area commander of You Prefecture; his posthumous name was Ding.
48
初，承慶典選，校百官考，有坐漕舟溺者，承慶以「失所載，考中下」。 以示其人，無慍也。 更曰「非力所及，考中中」。 亦不喜。 承慶嘉之曰：「寵辱不驚，考中上。」 其能著人善類此。
Earlier, when Chengqing oversaw selection, he reviewed officials' performance evaluations; one man had been punished for drowning in a grain transport boat, and Chengqing rated him "lost his cargo—grade: lower middle." When he showed this to the man, the man displayed no anger. Chengqing changed it to "beyond one's strength—grade: middle middle." The man was still not pleased. Chengqing commended him, saying, "Unmoved by favor or disgrace—grade: upper middle." His ability to recognize and praise people's virtues was of this sort.
49
弟承業、承泰。 承業繼為雍州長史、尚書左丞，有能名。
His younger brothers were Chengye and Chengtai. Chengye successively served as chief administrator of Yong Prefecture and left assistant director of the Department of State Affairs and was known for his competence.
50
侄齊卿
Nephew: Qiqing
51
承泰，字齊卿，長安初，為雍州參軍。 武后詔長史薛季昶擇僚吏堪御史者，季昶訪于齊卿。 齊卿白長安尉盧懷慎、李休光，萬年尉李乂、崔湜，咸陽丞倪若水，盩厔尉田崇壁，新豐尉崔日用。 季昶用其言，後皆為通顯巨人。 及拜幽州刺史，而張守珪隸果毅，齊卿厚遇，曰：「君十年至節度使。」 已而果然。 喜飲酒，逾鬥不亂。 寬厚樂易，士友以此親之。 終太子詹事、廣陽縣公。 承慶從孫藏用別有傳。
Chengtai, courtesy name Qiqing, at the beginning of the Chang'an era served as adjutant of Yong Prefecture. Empress Wu ordered chief administrator Xue Jichang to select subordinates fit to become censors; Jichang consulted Qiqing. Qiqing named the Chang'an district captains Lu Huaishen and Li Xiuguang, the Wannian captains Li Yi and Cui Shi, the assistant magistrate of Xianyang Ni Ruoshui, the Zhouzhi district captain Tian Chongbi, and the Xinfeng district captain Cui Riyong. Jichang adopted his recommendations; all later became prominent and towering figures. When Qiqing was appointed prefect of You Prefecture, Zhang Shougui was enrolled as a guardsman; Qiqing treated him generously and said, "In ten years you will reach the rank of military governor." And so it indeed came to pass. He enjoyed drinking; even beyond a peck of wine he did not lose his composure. Generous, easygoing, and good-natured, scholars and friends drew close to him for these qualities. He ended as supervisor of the household of the heir apparent and duke of Guangyang County. Chengqing's great-nephew Zangyong has a separate biography.
52
劉祥道
Liu Xiangdao
53
劉祥道，字同壽，魏州觀城人。 父林甫，武德時為內史舍人，典機密，以才稱。 與蕭瑀等撰定律令，著《律議》萬餘言。 曆中書、吏部二侍郎，賜爵樂平縣男。 唐沿隋制，十一月選集，至春停，日薄事叢，有司不及研諦。 林甫建請四時聽選，隨到輒擬，於是官無滯人。 始，天下初定，州府及詔使以赤牒授官，至是罷，悉集吏部調，至萬員，林甫隨才銓錄，鹹以為宜，論者方隋高孝基。
Liu Xiangdao, courtesy name Tongshou, was a native of Guancheng in Wei Prefecture. His father Linpu served as a secretariat aide during the Wude era, handled confidential state business, and was renowned for his ability. Together with Xiao Yu and others he helped draft statutes and ordinances and wrote the Discourse on Law, more than ten thousand characters long. He served in turn as vice director of the secretariat and of the ministry of personnel, and was enfeoffed as baron of Leping County. The Tang followed Sui practice, convening official selection in the eleventh month and suspending it in spring; as the days shortened and business piled up, the responsible offices could not examine candidates with due care. Linpu proposed holding selection sessions in all four seasons and making appointments as candidates arrived; from then on no office was left with a backlog of personnel. When the realm was first settled, prefectures, districts, and imperial envoys had appointed officials by red slip; that practice was now abolished and all candidates were gathered under the ministry of personnel for assignment—nearly ten thousand in all. Linpu assigned posts according to talent, and the measure was universally applauded; commentators compared him to Gao Xiaoji of the Sui.
54
祥道少襲爵，曆御史中丞。 顯慶中，遷吏部黃門侍郎，知選事。 既世職，乃厘補敝闕，上疏陳六事：
Xiangdao inherited his father's title while still young and served as censor-in-chief. During the Xianqing era he was promoted to vice director of the ministries of personnel and of the yellow gate, with charge of official selection. Holding what had become a family specialty in office, he set about correcting longstanding abuses and submitted a memorial proposing six reforms:
55
一曰：今取士多且濫。 入流歲千四百，多也； 雜色入流，未始銓汰，濫也。 故共務者，善人少，惡人多。 臣謂應雜色進者，切責有司試判為四等，第一付吏部，二付兵部，三付主爵，四付司勳。 若坐負當責，雖經赦，仍配三司，不者還本貫，則官不雜矣。
First: the recruitment of officials today is both excessive and indiscriminate. Fourteen hundred men enter the ranks each year—that is too many; and candidates from miscellaneous categories have never been screened and culled—that is indiscriminate. As a result, among those who share in public business the good are few and the bad are many. I propose that candidates advancing from miscellaneous categories be rigorously examined by the responsible offices in judgment essays graded in four classes: first class to the ministry of personnel, second to the ministry of war, third to the directorate of honorary titles, and fourth to the directorate of meritorious service. If a candidate is guilty of debt or other punishable offense, even after amnesty he should be assigned to one of the three directorates; otherwise he should be sent back to his native place. Then offices would no longer be filled indiscriminately.
56
二曰：內外官，一品至九品萬三千四百六十五員。 大抵三十而仕，六十而退，取其中數，不三十年，存者略盡。 若歲入流五百人，則三十年自相充補。 況三十年外，在官猶多，不慮其少。 今入流歲千四百，其倍兩之，又停選六七千人，復年別新加，其類浸廣，殆非經久之制。 古者為官擇人，不聞取人多而官少也。
Second: civil and military offices from first to ninth rank total 13,465 posts. Broadly speaking, men enter service at thirty and retire at sixty; taking the midpoint, within less than thirty years nearly all incumbents will have departed. If five hundred men entered the ranks each year, within thirty years they would naturally replenish the vacancies. Moreover, many officials remain in office beyond thirty years; there is no need to fear a shortage of personnel. Today fourteen hundred enter the ranks each year—more than double the sustainable rate; six or seven thousand suspended selections have piled up, and new candidates are added every year. The pool grows ever wider, and this is scarcely a system built to last. In antiquity offices chose the right men; one never heard of choosing ever more men for ever fewer offices.
57
三曰：永徽以來，在官者或以善政擢，論事者或以單言進，而庠序諸生未聞甄異，是獎勸之道未周也。
Third: since the Yonghui era, incumbents have sometimes been promoted for good governance and memorialists have sometimes advanced on the strength of a single statement—yet students in the state schools have never been singled out for distinction. The path of reward and encouragement remains incomplete.
58
四曰：唐有天下四十年，未有舉秀才者，請自六品以下至草野，審加搜訪，無令赫赫之辰，斯學遂絕。
Fourth: in the forty years since the Tang won the realm, not one candidate has been recommended as cultivated talent. I ask that from sixth rank and below down to the common fields a careful search be conducted, lest in this glorious age that tradition of learning should die out.
59
五曰：唐、虞三載考績，黜陟幽明。 二漢用人，亦久其職。 今任官率四考罷，官知秩滿，則懷去就； 民知遷徙，則苟且。 以去就之官，臨苟且之民，欲移風振俗，烏可得乎？ 請四考進階，八考聽選，以息迎新送故之弊。
Fifth: in the eras of Tang and Yu, merit was reviewed every three years and the obscure and the clear were demoted and promoted alike. The two Han dynasties, too, kept men long in their posts when employing them. Today officials generally serve four evaluations and then depart; once they know their term is ending, they turn their minds to leaving; and once the people know their magistrates will be transferred, they grow careless. How can customs be changed and morals revived when officials already thinking of departure govern a people grown careless? I propose that promotion come after four evaluations and eligibility for reassignment after eight, so as to end the abuses of constantly welcoming newcomers and seeing off departures.
60
六曰：三省都事、主事、主書，比選補，皆取流外有刀筆者，雖欲參用士流，率以儔類為恥。 前後相沿，遂成故事。 且掖省崇峻，王言秘密，尚書政本，人物所歸，專責曹史，理有未盡，宜稍革之，以清其選。
Sixth: the chief clerks, section heads, and recorders of the three departments are all drawn from outside the regular recruitment stream for their clerical skill; even when one wishes to employ men of the regular stream, they are generally ashamed to be grouped with such company. Handed down from one generation to the next, this has become fixed practice. The secretariat is lofty and imperial words are secret; the ministry of personnel is the root of government and the object of every man's ambition—yet to entrust it wholly to clerks is fundamentally unsound. This should be reformed to restore clarity to selection.
61
會中書令杜正倫亦言入流者眾，為官人敝，乃詔與祥道參議，而執政憚改作，又以勳戚子進取無他門，遂格。
At the time the secretariat director Du Zhenglun also argued that too many men were entering the ranks and that this harmed the quality of officialdom. An edict ordered joint deliberation with Xiangdao, but the chief ministers feared reform, and because sons of meritorious clans had no other path to advancement, the proposal was tabled.
62
子齊賢
Son: Qixian
63
齊賢三世至兩省侍郎，典選。 從父應道吏部郎中，從父弟令植禮部侍郎，凡八人前後曆吏部郎中、員外，世以為罕。
For three generations Qixian's line reached vice director of the two departments and handled official selection. His father's younger brother Yingdao served as director in the ministry of personnel; his cousin Lingzhi served as vice director of the ministry of rites. Eight men in all successively held directorships or vice directorships in the ministry of personnel—a thing the age regarded as rare.
64
令植孫從一，擢進士宏詞第，調渭南尉。 雅為常袞、盧杞所厚，薦授監察御史。 普王討李希烈，表為元帥判官。 德宗居奉天，超拜刑部侍郎、同中書門下平章事。 從幸梁州，改中書侍郎，帝遇之善。 然無它材能，容身遠罪而已。 貞元初，以疾自乞，罷為戶部尚書。 卒，贈太子太傅。
Lingzhi's grandson Congyi passed the jinshi and hongci examinations and was appointed magistrate of Weinan. Chang Gun and Lu Qi favored him greatly, recommended him, and had him appointed investigating censor. When the prince of Pu campaigned against Li Xilie, Congyi served on the marshal's staff as judge. When Emperor Dezong was besieged at Fengtian, Congyi was promoted by special order to vice director of the ministry of justice and grand counselor of the secretariat and chancellery. He followed the emperor to Liangzhou and was transferred to vice director of the secretariat; the emperor treated him with favor. Yet he possessed no other talent; he merely kept himself safe and clear of blame. At the beginning of the Zhenyuan era he cited illness, requested leave, and was dismissed to serve as minister of revenue. On his death he was posthumously appointed grand tutor of the heir apparent.
65
李敬玄
Li Jingxuan
66
李敬玄，亳州譙人。 該覽群籍，尤善於禮。 高宗在東宮，馬周薦其材，召入崇賢館侍讀，假中秘書讀之。 為人峻整，然造請不憚寒暑。 許敬宗頗薦延之。 曆西台舍人，弘文館學士。 遷右肅機，檢校太子右中護。 拜西台侍郎、同東西台三品，兼檢校司列少常伯。 時員外郎張仁禕有敏才，敬玄委以曹事，仁禕為造姓曆、狀式、銓簿，鉗鍵周密，病心太勞死。 敬玄因其法，衡綜有序。 自永徽後，選員浸多，惟敬玄居職有能稱。 性強記，雖官萬員，遇諸道，未嘗忘姓氏。 有來訴者，口諭書判參舛及殿累本末無少繆，天下伏其明。 杭州參軍徐太玄哀其僚張惠以贓抵死，而惠母老，乃詣獄自言與惠偕受，薄其罪，惠得不死，太玄坐免官十年。 敬玄廉知之，擢為鄭州司功參軍，後至秘書少監、申王師，以德行聞。 其鑒拔率若此。
Li Jingxuan was a native of Qiao in Bo Prefecture. He mastered a wide range of texts and was especially skilled in ritual. When Emperor Gaozong was eastern heir, Ma Zhou recommended his talent; he was summoned to the Chongxian Hall as lecturer-in-attendance and granted access to the imperial library. He was stern and orderly in manner, yet when paying calls he did not shrink from cold or heat. Xu Jingzong often recommended and promoted him. He served in turn as secretariat draftsman and academician of the Hongwen Hall. He was transferred to right censor-in-chief and made acting right supervisor of the heir apparent. He was appointed vice director of the western terrace, third rank of the two terraces, and concurrently acting vice director of the directorate of court music. At the time vice director Zhang Renyi was a man of keen talent; Jingxuan entrusted him with bureau affairs. Renyi devised surname registers, format templates, and selection ledgers, tight and thorough in every detail, then died of heart strain brought on by overwork. Jingxuan adopted his methods, and weighing and ordering candidates became systematic. Since the Yonghui era the number of selection candidates had steadily increased; only Jingxuan, in holding the post, was regarded as capable. He had a prodigious memory; though officials numbered ten thousand, when he met men from various circuits he never forgot their surnames. When petitioners came before him, he dictated written judgments on discrepancies and the full sequence of audience demerits without the slightest error; the realm submitted to his clarity. Xu Taixuan, a staff officer of Hangzhou, pitying his colleague Zhang Hui—who faced execution for corruption though his mother was elderly—went to the prison and declared that he and Hui had taken bribes together, so as to lighten Hui's sentence and save him from death. Taixuan was dismissed from office for ten years. Jingxuan learned of the matter through investigation and promoted him to staff officer of Zhengzhou; later Taixuan rose to vice director of the secretariat and tutor to the prince of Shen, famed for his virtue. His discernment and elevation of talent were generally like this.
67
咸亨二年，轉中書侍郎。 又改吏部，兼太子右庶子、同中書門下三品，監修國史。 進吏部尚書。 居選部久，人多附向。 凡三娶皆山東舊族，又與趙李氏合譜，故台省要職多族屬姻家。 高宗知之，不能善也。 儀鳳元年，拜中書令，封趙國公。
In the second year of Xianheng he was transferred to vice director of the secretariat. He was again transferred to the ministry of personnel, concurrently right subordinate of the heir apparent, third rank of the secretariat and chancellery, and supervisor of the compilation of the national history. He was promoted to minister of personnel. Having long held the selection bureau, many men attached themselves to him. All three of his marriages were to old clans of Shandong, and he also merged genealogies with the Zhao and Li families; as a result, key posts in the central offices were largely held by clansmen and in-laws. Emperor Gaozong knew this and could not regard him favorably. In the first year of Yifeng he was appointed secretariat director and enfeoffed as duke of Zhao.
68
劉仁軌西討吐蕃，有所建請，敬玄數持異，由是有隙，因奏河西鎮守非敬玄不可。 敬玄辭以非將帥才，且仁軌逞憾，故強臣以不能。 帝厭之，因曰：「仁軌若須朕，朕且行，卿安得辭？」 乃拜洮河道大總管，兼鎮撫大使，檢校鄯州都督，統兵十八萬，代仁軌。 與吐蕃將論欽陵戰青海，使劉審禮為先鋒，麈虜，敬玄按軍自如，審禮戰歿，尚首鼠不進，乃頓承風嶺，又陰溝淖，莫能前，賊屯高壓其營。 偏將黑齒常之率死士夜擊賊，敬玄始得至鄯州。 又戰湟川，遂大敗。 數稱疾求罷歸，許之。 既入見，不引謝，即還府視事。 帝察實不病，貶衡州刺史。 久之，遷揚州長史。 卒官，贈兗州都督，諡曰文憲。 撰次《禮論》及它書數十百篇。 二子：思沖、守一。
When Liu Rengui campaigned west against Tibet and made proposals, Jingxuan repeatedly disagreed; a rift arose, and Rengui memorialized that the Hexi garrison could not do without Jingxuan. Jingxuan declined on the grounds that he lacked talent as a general and that Rengui was venting personal resentment—thus a powerful minister was forced upon a man unfit for command. The emperor grew weary of the dispute and said, "If Rengui needs me, I shall go in person—how can you decline?" Jingxuan was then appointed grand commander of the Taohe Circuit, concurrently pacification commissioner and acting area commander of Shan Prefecture, commanding 180,000 troops in Rengui's place. He fought the Tibetan general Lun Qinling at Qinghai with Liu Shenli as vanguard. The vanguard routed the enemy while Jingxuan held the main army steady—but when Shenli fell in battle, Jingxuan remained irresolute and would not advance. He halted at Chengfeng Ridge and again at Yingounao, unable to move forward while the enemy camped on the heights above his encampment. The deputy general Heichi Changzhi led daredevils in a night attack on the enemy, and only then did Jingxuan reach Shan Prefecture. He fought again at Huangchuan and suffered a crushing defeat. He repeatedly cited illness and requested recall; his request was granted. After returning to court he offered no apology, but went straight back to his office and resumed business. The emperor saw that he was not in fact ill and demoted him to prefect of Heng Prefecture. After a long while he was transferred to chief administrator of Yang Prefecture. He died in office and was posthumously appointed area commander of Yan Prefecture; his posthumous name was Wenzian. He compiled the Discourse on Ritual and several dozen other works totaling hundreds of chapters. Two sons: Sichong and Shouyi.
69
思沖，神龍初，曆工部侍郎、左羽林軍將軍，從節湣太子誅武三思，見殺，籍其家。 守一郫令。 孫紳別傳。
Sichong, at the beginning of the Shenlong era, served in turn as vice director of the ministry of works and general of the left feathered forest army. He followed Crown Prince Jiemin in executing Wu Sansi and was killed; his household was confiscated. Shouyi served as magistrate of Pi. His grandson Shen has a separate biography.
70
弟元素
Younger brother: Yuansu
71
敬玄弟元素，為武德令。 刺史李文暕橫調民黃金造常滿尊以獻，官屬無敢諫，元素固爭，文暕為少損，更以私財助之。 延載初，繇文昌左丞遷鳳閣侍郎、同鳳閣鸞台平章事。 為武懿宗所構，與綦連耀等同誅。 神龍中，追洗其辜。
Jingxuan's younger brother Yuansu served as magistrate of Wude. The prefect Li Wenliang forcibly levied gold from the people to cast an ever-full goblet as tribute; none of the staff dared remonstrate. Yuansu argued against it firmly; Wenliang slightly reduced the levy and further supplied part of the cost from his private funds. At the beginning of the Yanzai era he rose from left assistant director of the Wenchang directorate to vice director of the Fengge and grand counselor of the Fengge and Luantai. He was framed by Wu Yizong and was executed together with Qi Lianyao and others. In the Shenlong era his guilt was posthumously cleared.
72
劉德威
Liu Dewei
73
劉德威，徐州彭城人。 姿貌魁秀，有幹略。 隋大業末，從裴仁基討淮賊，手劍賊酋，傳行在。 後歸李密，密分麾下兵使守懷州。 密降，俱入朝，授左武候將軍，封滕縣公。 詔將兵擊劉武周，因判并州總管府司馬。 裴寂失律，齊王元吉棄州遁，德威總留府事。 賊薄城，民皆叛附賊，遂為武周所獲，使率本部徇地浩州，得自拔歸，盡上賊中虛實，高祖嘉納，改彭城縣公。 未幾，檢校大理少卿，從平洛陽，有功，轉刑部侍郎，加散騎常侍，妻以平壽縣主。
Liu Dewei was a native of Pengcheng in Xu Prefecture. Tall and handsome in bearing, he possessed capacity and strategic skill. At the end of the Sui Daye era he followed Pei Renji in campaigning against Huai bandits, personally ran the bandit chieftain through with his sword, and sent the head to the imperial camp. Later he submitted to Li Mi, who assigned troops under his command to guard Huai Prefecture. When Li Mi surrendered, both entered court together; Dewei was appointed general of the left martial guard and enfeoffed as duke of Teng County. By edict he led troops against Liu Wuzhou and concurrently served as aide to the Bingzhou area command. When Pei Ji violated military discipline and Prince Qi Yuanji abandoned the prefecture and fled, Dewei took overall charge of the prefectural headquarters. When the rebels pressed the city, the people all defected to join them; Dewei was then captured by Wu Zhou, who had him lead his own command to sweep through Haozhou; he managed to escape and return, reported fully on conditions within the rebel camp, Gaozu praised and accepted this, and changed his enfeoffment to duke of Pengcheng County. Before long he served as acting vice director of the court of judicial review; he followed the campaign to pacify Luoyang, performed meritorious service, was transferred to vice minister of justice, was given the additional title of regular attendant, and was given a princess of Ping Shou County in marriage.
74
貞觀初，曆大理卿、綿州刺史。 政號廉平，百姓立石頌德。 尋檢校益州大都督府長史。 入為大理卿。 太宗問曰：「比刑網浸密，咎安在？」 德威曰：「在君不在臣。 下之寬猛，視主之好。 律：失入者減三，失出者減五。 今坐入者無辜，坐出者有罪，所以吏務深文，為自營計，非有教使然也。」 帝然其言。 後遷刑部尚書，檢校雍州別駕。 詔至齊州按齊王祐獄，還，半道聞祐反，入據濟州。 詔德威就發河南兵經略之，會母喪免。 既除，為同州刺史。 永徽三年，卒官，年七十一，贈禮部尚書、幽州都督，諡曰襄，陪葬獻陵。
At the beginning of the Zhenguan era he successively served as director of the court of judicial review and prefect of Mian Prefecture. His governance was known for integrity and fairness, and the people erected a stone monument to praise his virtue. Soon afterward he served as acting chief administrator of the grand area command of Yi Prefecture. He entered the capital and became director of the court of judicial review. Taizong asked, "Recently the penal net has grown ever tighter—where does the blame lie? Dewei said, "It lies with the ruler, not with the ministers. Whether subordinates are lenient or severe depends on what the ruler favors. The law: for wrongful conviction the penalty is reduced by three degrees; for wrongful acquittal it is reduced by five degrees. Now those convicted of excessive severity are held innocent, while those convicted of excessive leniency are held guilty; therefore officials pursue harsh wording for their own advantage—it is not that instruction makes them do so." The emperor approved his words. Later he was transferred to minister of justice and served as acting vice prefect of Yong Prefecture. He was ordered to Qi Prefecture to investigate the case of Prince of Qi You; on his return, halfway there he heard that You had rebelled and had entered and seized Ji Prefecture. Dewei was ordered to mobilize Henan troops to suppress the rebellion, but on encountering his mother's death he was relieved of duty. After the mourning period ended, he became prefect of Tong Prefecture. In the third year of Yonghui he died in office at the age of seventy-one; he was posthumously appointed minister of rites and area commander of You Prefecture; his posthumous name was Xiang; and he was buried near Xianling.
75
德威于閨門友睦，為人寬平，生平所得奉祿，以分宗親，無留藏。 子審禮。
Within his household Dewei was friendly and harmonious; as a man he was generous and even-tempered; the salary he received in his lifetime he divided among his kinsmen, keeping nothing in reserve. His son was Shenli.
76
子審禮
Son: Shenli
77
審禮少喪母，為祖母元所養。 隋末大亂，道不通，審禮尚少，自鄉里負祖母度江，轉側避地。 及天下平，西入長安。 元每疾病，必親煮藥，嘗而進。 元曰：「兒孝通幽顯，吾一顧念，疾輒間。」 貞觀中，曆左驍衛郎將。 父喪免。 比葬，徙跣血流，行路咨歎。 服除，當襲爵，讓其弟，不聽。 見父執必感泗滂沱。 事繼母尤謹，與弟延景為聞友，得祿多資之，而妻子執寒苦，晏如也。 再從皆同居，合二百口，內外無間言。 遷工部尚書，檢校左衛大將軍。
Shenli lost his mother while young and was raised by his grandmother, Lady Yuan. At the end of the Sui the realm fell into great disorder and roads were cut off; Shenli was still young, yet he carried his grandmother on his back across the Yangzi and wandered from place to place seeking refuge. When the realm was pacified, they went west and entered Chang'an. Whenever Yuan fell ill, he always personally brewed medicine, tasted it, and then presented it. Yuan said, "The boy's filial piety reaches both the living and the dead; whenever I turn my thoughts to him, my illness eases. During the Zhenguan era he successively served as commandant of the Left Xiaowei Guard. On his father's death he left office. By the time of the burial he had walked barefoot until his feet bled; travelers on the road sighed in admiration. When mourning ended he was due to inherit the title, but he yielded it to his younger brother; the court would not allow it. Whenever he met his father's old associates he was moved to tears streaming down his face. He was especially careful in serving his stepmother; he and his younger brother Yanjing were friends as neighbors; when he received salary he largely supported Yanjing, while his own wife and children endured cold and hardship yet remained perfectly content. All his cousins of the second remove lived together under one roof, two hundred mouths in all, and within and without the household there was not a word of discord. He was transferred to minister of works and served as acting grand general of the left guard.
78
儀鳳三年，吐番寇涼州，副中書令李敬玄討之。 遇虜青海上，與戰，敬玄逗撓不前，審禮敗，為虜執。 其子尚乘直長殆庶及延景詣闕待罪，請入賊以贖。 有詔審禮徇忠以沒，非有罪，宜各還職。 特詔殆庶弟易從省之。 既至，而審禮卒，易從晝夜哭不止，吐番哀其志，乃還父屍，徙跣萬里，扶護以歸，見者流涕。 審禮贈工部尚書，諡曰僖。
In the third year of Yifeng the Tibetans raided Liang Prefecture; he served as deputy to chief minister Li Jingxuan in the campaign against them. They encountered the enemy on Qinghai and fought; Jingxuan hesitated and would not advance; Shenli was defeated and taken captive. His son Shang, director of the palace stud's straight office Daishu, and Yanjing went to court to await punishment and requested to enter enemy territory to ransom him. An edict stated that Shenli had died in loyal service and was not guilty; they should each return to their posts. A special edict granted Daishu's younger brother Yicong leave to go. When he arrived, Shenli had already died; Yicong wept day and night without cease; the Tibetans were moved by his resolve, returned his father's corpse, and he walked barefoot ten thousand li, supporting and escorting the body home; all who saw it wept. Shenli was posthumously appointed minister of works; his posthumous name was Xi.
79
子延景
Son: Yanjing
80
延景，字冬日，終陝州刺史。 睿宗初，以後父追贈尚書右僕射，陪葬乾陵。
Yanjing, courtesy name Dongri, ended as prefect of Shan Prefecture. At the beginning of Ruizong's reign he was posthumously promoted to right vice director of the Department of State Affairs as empress's father and was buried near Qianling.
81
子易從
Son: Yicong
82
易從累遷彭州長史、任城縣男。 永昌中，為酷吏周興誣構，坐死。 將刑，百姓奔走，爭解衣投地，曰：「為長史祈福。」 有司平直，乃十余萬。 當時號「孝義劉家」。 及易從以非禍死，天下冤之。
Yicong rose through successive appointments to chief administrator of Peng Prefecture and baron of Rencheng County. During the Yongchang era he was framed by the cruel official Zhou Xing and executed for the offense. As execution approached, the people ran about, competing to take off their garments and cast them on the ground, saying, "We offer this to pray blessings for the chief administrator. When officials measured them flat, there were more than a hundred thousand. At the time they were called "the Liu family of filial piety and righteousness." When Yicong died an undeserved death, the realm regarded it as a grievous injustice.
83
子昇
Son: Sheng
84
子昇，年十餘歲流嶺表，六道使誅流人，升以信愛為首領所庇免。 後易姓溫，北歸洛。 景雲中，特授右武衛騎曹參軍。 開元中，累遷中書舍人、太子右庶子。 昇能文，善草隸。
Zisheng, at little more than ten years of age, was exiled beyond the Ling range; when the commissioners of the six circuits executed exiles, Sheng was spared through the protection of a beloved chieftain. Later he changed his surname to Wen and returned north to Luoyang. During the Jingyun era he was specially appointed cavalry adjutant of the right martial guard. During the Kaiyuan era he rose through successive appointments to drafting secretary of the secretariat and right vice director of the heir apparent's household. Sheng was skilled in writing and excelled in cursive and clerical script.
85
侄延嗣
Nephew: Yansi
86
審禮從弟延嗣，為潤州司馬。 徐敬業攻潤州，延嗣與刺史固守。 俄而城陷，敬業邀以降，延嗣曰：「吾世蒙恩，今城不守，所負多矣，詎能苟生為宗族羞？」 敬業怒，將斬之，其党魏思溫救止，系江都獄。 敬業敗，錄忠當敘，以裴炎近親，裁遷梓州長史。 轉汾州刺史。 宗族至刺史者二十余人。
Shenli's younger cousin Yansi served as military adjutant of Run Prefecture. When Xu Jingye attacked Run Prefecture, Yansi and the prefect defended the city steadfastly. Before long the city fell; Jingye invited him to surrender; Yansi said, "My family has received grace for generations; now that the city is not held, I owe far too much—how could I cling to life and bring shame on my clan? Jingye was enraged and was about to execute him; his follower Wei Siwen stopped him, and Yansi was imprisoned in Jiangdu. When Jingye was defeated, loyal service was recorded and rewarded; because he was a close kinsman of Pei Yan, he was only transferred to chief administrator of Zi Prefecture. He was transferred to prefect of Fen Prefecture. More than twenty members of the clan reached the rank of prefect.
87
孫處約
Sun Chuyue
88
子佺
Son: Quan
89
子佺，延和初，為羽林將軍、幽州都督，率兵十二萬討奚李大酺，分三屯，以副將李楷洛、周以悌領之。 次冷硎，楷洛與大酺戰，不勝，壯校多沒。 佺氣褫，乃紿言：「天子詔我招慰奚，楷洛違詔妄戰，當斬。」 遣人謝大酺。 大酺曰：「審爾，願出天子賜，明不欺。」 佺揪聚軍中幣萬餘匹，悉袍、帶並與之。 大酺知佺詐，好語勸引還，而佺部伍離沮，奚逼之，大敗，死者數萬。 佺、以悌同見獲，送默啜所殺之。
Ziquan, at the beginning of the Yanhe era, served as general of the feathered forest and area commander of You Prefecture; he led one hundred twenty thousand troops to campaign against the Xi chieftain Li Dapu; he divided into three encampments, with deputy generals Li Kailuo and Zhou Yiti commanding them. At Lengxing Pass Kailuo fought Dapu, was defeated, and many brave officers were lost. Quan's spirit was broken, so he falsely declared, "The Son of Heaven has ordered me to win over and reassure the Xi; Kailuo disobeyed the edict and fought recklessly—he should be executed. He sent a messenger to apologize to Dapu. Dapu said, "If that is truly so, I wish to see the Son of Heaven's gifts, to show there is no deception. Quan gathered more than ten thousand bolts of cloth from the army, and gave robes and belts along with them all. Dapu knew Quan was deceiving him, yet spoke kindly and urged him to withdraw; but Quan's ranks were demoralized and scattered, the Xi pressed them, and he suffered a great defeat with tens of thousands dead. Quan and Yiti were both captured and sent to Moqie's headquarters, where they were killed.
90
刑文偉
Xing Wenwei
91
邢文偉，滁州全椒人。 與曆陽高子貢、壽春裴懷貴俱以博學聞。 咸亨中，曆太子典膳丞。 時孝敬罕見宮臣，文偉即減膳，上書曰：「古者太子既冠，則有司過之史、虧膳之宰。 史不書過，死之； 宰不徹膳，死之。 皇帝簡料英俊，自庶子至司議、舍人、學士、侍讀，使佐殿下，成就聖德。 比者不甚廷議，謁對稀簡，三朝之後，與內人獨居，何繇發揮天資，使浚哲文明哉？ 今史既闕官，宰得奉職，謹守禮經以聞。」 太子答曰：「幼嗜墳典，欲研精極意，而未閑將衛，耽誦致勞。 比苦風虛，奉陛下恩旨，不許強勉，加以趨侍朝夕，無自專之道，屢闕坐朝，乖廢學緒。 觀尋來請，良符宿志。 自非義均弼諧，渠能進此藥石？」 文偉由是益知名。 後右史缺，高宗謂侍臣曰：「文偉切諫吾兒，此直臣也。」 遂授之。
Xing Wenwei was a native of Quanjiao in Chu Prefecture. He, Gao Zigong of Liyang, and Pei Huaigui of Shouchun were all known for broad learning. During the Xianheng era he successively served as director of the heir apparent's office of provisions. At the time Xiaojing rarely saw palace officials; Wenwei therefore reduced his provisions and submitted a memorial saying, "In antiquity, once the heir apparent came of age, there were the historiographer who recorded faults and the steward who reduced provisions. If the historiographer did not record faults, he was put to death; if the steward did not withdraw provisions, he was put to death. The emperor should select outstanding talents, from vice directors to remonstrance officials, drafting secretaries, academicians, and reading tutors, to assist His Highness and complete his sage virtue. Recently court discussion has been insufficient, audiences have been few and brief, and after the three audiences he dwells alone with inner attendants—how can his natural gifts be brought forth and made wise, perspicacious, and cultivated? Now that the historiographer's post is vacant, the steward can perform his duty; I respectfully observe the ritual classics in reporting this. The heir apparent replied, "From youth I have loved the classics and wished to study them to the utmost depth, yet I am not yet skilled in regulating my health and have exhausted myself in recitation. Recently I have suffered from wind deficiency; following Your Majesty's gracious order I was not permitted to force myself, and in addition I attend you morning and evening with no way to act on my own; I have repeatedly missed court sessions and neglected the thread of my studies. Reading your request, it accords well with my long-held wish. Unless righteousness were equal to that of an assisting minister, who could offer such salutary counsel?" Wenwei thereby became even more renowned. Later, when the right historiographer's post was vacant, Gaozong said to his attending ministers, "Wenwei remonstrated bluntly with my son—this is a straight-speaking minister. He was thereupon appointed to the post.
92
附高子貢
Appendix: Gao Zigong
93
高子貢，善《太史書》，與硃敬則善，擢明經。 曆秘書省正字、弘文館直學士。 不得志，因棄官去。 徐敬業起兵，弟敬猷統兵五千逼和州，子貢率鄉人數百拒之，賊引去。 以功擢朝散大夫，為成均助教。 東莞公融嘗為和州刺史，從子貢受業。 及融謀舉兵，令黃公譔見子貢，推為謀主，書疏往返，因結諸王內應。 謀泄，坐死。
Gao Zigong was skilled in the Grand Scribe's Records; he was on good terms with Zhu Jingze and passed the mingjing examination. He successively served as proofreader of the secretariat and direct academician of the Hongwen Institute. Unsuccessful in his ambitions, he therefore resigned his office and left. When Xu Jingye raised troops, his younger brother Jingyou commanded five thousand men and pressed He Prefecture; Zigong led several hundred villagers to resist them, and the rebels withdrew. For his merit he was promoted to grand master of palace leisure and appointed assistant director of the directorate of education. Duke of Dongguan Rong had once been prefect of He Prefecture and studied under Zigong. When Rong plotted to raise troops, he sent Huang Gongpu to see Zigong and urged him to serve as chief strategist; letters went back and forth, and through this he linked up with various princes for internal support. When the plot was exposed, he was executed for the offense.