1
憲宗桓肅皇帝,諱蒙哥,睿宗拖雷之長子也。 母曰莊聖太后,怯烈氏,諱唆魯禾帖尼。 歲戊辰,十二月三日生帝。 時有黃忽答部知天象者,言帝后必大貴,故以蒙哥為名。 蒙哥,華言長子也。 太宗在潛邸,養以為子,屬昂灰皇后撫育之。 既長,為娶火魯剌部女火裏差為妃,分之部民。 及睿宗薨,乃命歸籓邸。 從征伐,屢立奇功。 嘗攻欽察部,其酋八赤蠻逃於海島。 帝聞,亟進師,至其地,適大風刮海水去,其淺可渡。 帝喜曰:「此天開道與我也。」 遂進屠其眾,擒八赤蠻,命之跪,八赤蠻曰:「我為一國主,豈苟求生? 且身非駝,何以跪人為?」 乃命囚之。 八赤蠻謂守者曰:「我之竄入於海,與魚何異,然終見擒,天也。 今水回期且至,軍宜早還。」 帝聞之,即班師,而水已至,後軍有浮渡者。 復與諸王拔都征斡羅思部,至也烈贊城,躬自搏戰,破之。
Xianzong, styled the Emperor Huansu, bore the personal name Möngke and was the eldest son of Ruizong Tolui. His mother was Empress Dowager Zhuang Sheng of the Kereit, Sorghaghtani Beki. He was born on the third day of the twelfth month of the wuchen year. A stargazer of the Yellow Quda tribe declared that the child was destined for greatness, and for that reason he was named Möngke. Möngke, in Chinese, means "eldest son." While Ögedei was still heir apparent, he took the boy as a son and placed him under the care of Empress Anggwi. When he came of age he was given Huolicha, a daughter of the Qorolas, as his consort, together with a portion of that tribe's households. After Ruizong's death he was ordered back to his own princely establishment. On campaign after campaign he won distinction again and again. Once, in an attack on the Qipchaq, their chieftain Bachman escaped to a sea island. When he heard this, he pressed the army forward at once. At the site a great wind drove the sea back, and the shallows became fordable. Delighted, he said, "Heaven has cleared a path for me." He advanced, cut down Bachman's followers, and seized Bachman himself. Ordered to kneel, Bachman replied, "I am king of a nation — shall I grovel merely to survive? And I am no camel — why should I kneel to another man?" He was taken and imprisoned. Bachman told his guards, "When I fled into the sea I was little better than a fish, yet I was taken in the end — Heaven willed it. The returning tide is nearly upon us. The army should withdraw while it still can." The Emperor heard him and ordered an immediate withdrawal. The water was already rising; in the rear some men were swept away as they crossed. He campaigned again with Prince Batu against the Rus', reached Yaroslavl, fought in the front ranks himself, and took the city.
2
歲戊申,定宗崩,朝廷久未立君,中外洶洶,咸屬意於帝,而覬覦者眾,議未決。 諸王拔都木哥、阿裏不哥、唆亦哥禿、塔察兒,大將兀良合台、速你帶、帖木迭兒、也速不花,咸會于阿剌脫忽剌兀之地,拔都首建議推戴。 時定宗皇后海迷失所遣使者八剌在坐,曰:「昔太宗命以皇孫失烈門為嗣,諸王百官皆與聞之。 今失烈門故在,而議欲他屬,將置之何地耶?」 木哥曰:「太宗有命,誰敢違之。 然前議立定宗,由皇后脫列忽乃與汝輩為之,是則違太宗之命者,汝等也,今尚誰咎耶?」 八剌語塞。 兀良合台曰:「蒙哥聰明睿知,人咸知之,拔都之議良是。」 拔都即申令於眾,眾悉應之,議遂定。
In the wushen year Güyük died. For a long time the throne stood empty; alarm spread through court and camp alike, and though many looked to Möngke, others coveted the succession and no agreement could be reached. Princes Batu, Möngke, Ariq Böke, Sögtü, and Tachar, together with the generals Uriyangqadai, Sübetei, Temüder, and Yesu Buqa, assembled at Alagh Tagh, where Batu first moved to have him raised up. Bal, an envoy of Güyük's empress Oghul Qaimish, was present and said, "Ögedei once commanded that his grandson Shiremün succeed him, and every prince and official heard the order. Shiremün is still alive. If you mean to set the succession elsewhere, what place is left for him?" Möngke answered, "Who would dare defy Ögedei's command? Yet when Güyük was chosen, it was Empress Töregene and your party who did it. You were the ones who broke Ögedei's command — whom do you blame now?" Bal had no reply. Uriyangqadai said, "Möngke's intelligence is known to all. Batu's proposal is right." Batu announced the decision to the assembly. All agreed, and the choice was settled.
3
元年辛亥夏六月,西方諸王別兒哥、脫哈帖木兒,東方諸王也古、脫忽、亦孫哥、按只帶、塔察兒、別裏古帶,西方諸大將班裏赤等,東方諸大將也速不花等,復大會於闊帖兀阿闌之地,共推帝即皇帝位於斡難河。 失烈門及諸弟腦忽等心不能平,有後言。 帝遣諸王旭烈與忙可撒兒帥兵覘之。 諸王也速忙可、不裏、火者等後期不至,遣不憐吉率兵備之。 遂改更庶政:命皇弟忽必烈領治蒙古、漢地民戶; 遣塔兒、斡魯不、察乞剌、賽典赤、趙璧等詣燕京,撫諭軍民; 以忙哥撒兒為斷事官; 以孛魯合掌宣發號令、朝覲貢獻及內外聞奏諸事; 以晃兀兒留守和林宮闕、帑藏,阿藍答兒副之; 以牙剌瓦赤、不只兒、斡魯不、睹答兒等充燕京等處行尚書省事,賽典赤、匿昝馬丁佐之; 以訥懷、塔剌海、麻速忽等充別失八里等處行尚書省事,暗都剌兀尊、阿合馬、也的沙佐之; 以阿兒渾充阿毋河等處行尚書省事,法合魯丁、匿只馬丁佐之; 以茶寒、葉了幹統兩淮等處蒙古、漢軍,以帶答兒統四川等處蒙古、漢軍,以和裏統土蕃等處蒙古、漢軍,皆仍前征進; 以僧海雲掌釋教事,以道士李真常掌道教事。 葉孫脫、按只、暢吉、爪難、合答曲憐、阿裏出及剛疙疸、阿散、忽都魯等,務持兩端,坐誘諸王為亂,並伏誅。 遂頒便益事宜于國中:凡朝廷及諸王濫發牌印、詔旨、宣命,盡收之; 諸王馳驛,許乘三馬,遠行亦不過四; 諸王不得擅招民戶; 諸官屬不得以朝覲為名賦斂民財; 民糧遠輸者,許於近倉輸之。 罷築和林城役千五百人。 冬,以宴只吉帶違命,遣合丹誅之,仍籍其家。
In the first year (xinhai), in the sixth month of summer, the western princes Berke and Toghtamur, the eastern princes Yeke, Toghu, Yissüngge, Ajai, Tachar, and Belgütei, the western generals led by Barchin, and the eastern generals led by Yesu Buqa met again at Kötö'ü Adal and together enthroned him on the Onon River. Shiremün and his brothers, among them Naqu, nursed their resentment and murmured against the choice. The Emperor sent Prince Hulagu and Mangqasar with troops to keep watch over them. Princes Yesü Möngke, Buri, Qoja, and others failed to appear on time; Bulghu was dispatched with troops to stand ready against them. He then reorganized the government: his brother Kublai was put in charge of Mongol and Han households; Taer, Orbu, Chaqil, Saiyid Ajall, Zhao Bi, and others were sent to Yanjing to reassure the army and people; Mangqasar was appointed chief judge; Bolghu was charged with issuing orders, receiving tribute and petitions, and handling all reports from within and without; Qongqor was left to guard the Karakorum palace and treasury, assisted by Arghun Aqa; Yarlaghchi, Bujir, Orbu, Tuda'er, and others were made heads of the Yanjing Branch Secretariat, with Saiyid Ajall and Nizam al-Din as deputies; Negü, Talqai, Mas'ud, and others were appointed to the Beshbaligh Branch Secretariat, with Endureltü, Ahmad, and Yazid assisting; Arghun was put in charge of the Amu Darya Branch Secretariat, with Fakhr al-Din and Nizam al-Din as deputies; Chaghan and Yol Qan were given command of the Mongol and Han forces in the Two Huai; Taidar of those in Sichuan; and Qoridai of those in Tibet — each continuing the campaigns already under way; the monk Haiyun was placed over Buddhist affairs and the Daoist Li Zhenchang over Daoist affairs. Yesünto, Ajai, Changgi, Jaqan, Qadaqutling, Ariq, Gang Qudan, Asan, Qutluq, and others who had straddled both factions were found guilty of inciting princes to revolt and were all put to death. Useful reforms were then proclaimed throughout the realm: every seal, edict, and commission wrongly issued by court or princes was recalled; princes using the post roads were limited to three horses, and to four even on long journeys; princes were forbidden to recruit households on their own authority; officials might not extort the people under the pretense of attending court; where grain had to be transported a great distance, payment into a nearer granary was allowed. Work on Karakorum was stopped, freeing fifteen hundred laborers. That winter Yeshügü was executed by Qadan for disobedience, and his property was confiscated.
4
二年壬子春正月,幸失灰之地,遣乞都不花攻末來吉兒都怯寨。 皇太后崩。 夏,駐蹕和林。 分遷諸王於各所:各丹于別石八里地,蔑裏于葉兒的石河,海都於海押立地,別兒哥于曲兒只地,脫脫于葉密立地,蒙哥都及太宗皇后乞裏吉忽帖尼於擴端所居地之西。 仍乙太宗諸后妃家貲分賜親王。 定宗後及失烈門母以厭禳事覺,並賜死,謫失烈門、也速、孛裏等於沒脫赤之地,禁錮和只、納忽、也孫脫等於軍營。 秋七月,命忽必烈征大理,諸王禿兒花、撒立征身毒,怯的不花征沒裏奚,旭烈征西域素丹諸國。 詔諭宋荊南、襄陽、樊城、均州諸守將,使求附。 八月,忽必烈次臨洮,命總帥汪田哥以城利州聞,欲為取蜀之計。 冬十月,命諸王也古征高麗。 帝駐蹕月帖古忽闌之地。 時帝因獵墜馬傷臂,不視朝百餘日。
In the second year (renzi), in the first month of spring, he visited Shihui and sent Qutuq Buqa to attack the fortress of Mergen. The Empress Dowager died. In summer he halted at Karakorum. The princes were sent to their assigned territories: Kadan to Beshbaligh, Möri to the Irtysh River, Kaidu to Aybagh, Berke to Quriltai, Tögtö to Yemek, and Möngke Quduq with Ögedei's empress Qurijin Khatun to the west of Kuoto. Ögedei's consorts and concubines had their goods divided anew and distributed among the princes. Güyük's empress and Shiremün's mother were found guilty of sorcery and put to death; Shiremün, Yesü, and Buri were exiled to Motuo under guard, while Qoju, Naqu, and Yesünto were held in the camps. In the seventh month of autumn Kublai was ordered against Dali; Princes Törel and Sali against Sind; Qutuq Buqa against the Merkit; and Hulagu against the sultanates of the west. Edicts were sent to the Song garrison commanders at Jingnan, Xiangyang, Fancheng, and Junzhou inviting them to submit. In the eighth month Kublai halted at Lintao and ordered the commander Wang Tiange to hold Lizhou as the first step toward taking Shu. In the tenth month of winter Prince Yeke was ordered to campaign against Goryeo. The Emperor halted at Yedige Qulan. While hunting he fell from his horse and injured his arm, and for more than a hundred days he did not hold audience.
5
三年癸丑春正月,汪田哥修治利州,且屯田,蜀人莫敢侵軼。 帝獵於怯蹇義罕之地。 諸王也古以怨襲諸王塔剌兒營。 帝遂會諸王于斡難河北,賜予甚厚。 罷也古征高麗兵,以劄剌兒帶為征東元帥。 遣必闍別兒哥括斡羅思戶口。 三月,大兵攻海州,戍將王國昌逆戰於城下,敗之,獲都統一人。 夏六月,命諸王旭烈兀及兀良合台等帥師征西域哈裏發八哈塔等國。 又命塔塔兒帶撒裏、土魯花等征欣都思、怯失迷兒等國。 帝幸火兒忽納要不兒之地。 諸王拔都遣脫必察詣行在,乞買珠銀萬錠,以千錠授之,仍詔諭之曰:「太祖、太宗之財,若此費用,何以給諸王之賜! 王宜詳審之。 此銀就充今後歲賜之數。」 秋,幸軍腦兒。 以忙可撒兒為萬戶,哈丹為劄魯花赤。 九月,忽必烈次忒剌地,分兵三道以進。 冬十二月,大理平。 帝駐蹕汪吉地。 命宗王耶虎與洪福源同領軍征高麗,攻拔禾山、東州、春州、三角山、楊根、天龍等城。 是歲,斷事官忙哥撒兒卒。
In the third year (guichou), in the first month of spring, Wang Tiange repaired Lizhou and opened garrison farms; the people of Shu did not dare raid across the border. The Emperor hunted at Qeqen Yeqan. Prince Yeke, nursing a grievance, raided Prince Tachar's camp. The Emperor then assembled the princes north of the Onon and rewarded them generously. Yeke's Goryeo expedition was recalled, and Jachar was made commander of the eastern campaign. Bijä Beg was sent to register Rus' households. In the third month the main army attacked Haizhou. The garrison commander Wang Guochang gave battle beneath the walls and was defeated; one Song commander was taken. In the sixth month of summer Prince Hulagu, Uriyangqadai, and others were ordered west against the caliphates of Baghdad and the surrounding lands. Tatar was likewise ordered, with Sali, Tuluhua, and others, against Hindustan, Kashmir, and neighboring realms. The Emperor visited Qorqonaq Buir. Prince Batu sent Töbchä to the imperial camp to request ten thousand ingots of pearls and silver. One thousand were granted, with an admonition: "If Taizu and Ögedei's treasure is squandered thus, how are the princes' yearly grants to be paid? You should weigh the matter carefully. Consider this silver as part of your yearly allotment from now on." In autumn he visited Jünna'ur. Mangqasar was made commander of ten thousand, and Qadan jarquchi. In the ninth month Kublai halted at Tere and divided his force into three columns for the advance. Dali was pacified in the twelfth month of winter. The Emperor halted at Wangi. Prince Yehu and Hong Wonyuan were ordered to lead a joint expedition against Goryeo and captured Hesam, Dongju, Chunju, Samgaksan, Yanggeun, Cheonnyong, and other cities. That year the chief judge Mangqasar died.
6
四年甲寅春,帝獵於怯蹇義罕。 夏,幸月兒滅怯土之地。 遣劄剌亦兒部人火兒赤征高麗。 秋七月,詔官吏之赴朝理算錢糧者,許自首不公,仍禁以後浮費。 冬,大獵於也滅幹哈裏義海之地。 忽必烈還自大理,留兀良合台攻諸夷之未附者,入覲於獵所。 是歲,會諸王於顆顆腦兒之西,乃祭天於日月山。 初籍新軍。 帝謂大臣,求可以慎固封守、閑於將略者。 擢史樞征行萬戶,配以真定、相、衛、懷、孟諸軍,駐唐、鄧。 張柔移鎮亳州。 權萬戶史權屯鄧州。 張柔遣張信將八漢軍戍潁州。 王安國將四千戶渡漢南,深入而還。 張柔以連歲勤兵,兩淮艱於糧運,奏據亳之利。 詔柔率山前八軍,城而戍之。 柔又以渦水北隘淺不可舟,軍既病涉,曹、濮、魏、博粟皆不至,乃築甬路自亳抵汴,堤百二十里,流深而不能築,復為橋十五,或廣八十尺,橫以二堡戍之。 均州總管孫嗣遣人齎蠟書降,且乞援,史權以精甲備宋人之要,遂援嗣而來。 其後驍將鐘顯、王梅、杜柔、袁師信各帥所部來降。
In the fourth year (jiayin), in spring, the Emperor hunted at Qeqen Yeqan. In summer he visited Yürümiq Tütu. Qorichi of the Jadran was sent against Goryeo. In the seventh month of autumn an edict allowed officials arriving for court audits to confess past irregularities and still be pardoned, while forbidding further waste. In winter a great hunt was held at the Yemüqan Qorqai Sea. Kublai returned from Dali, left Uriyangqadai to subdue the tribes still holding out, and came to the hunt to pay homage. That year the princes were assembled west of Gegen Na'ur, and sacrifice was offered to Heaven at Sun-and-Moon Mountain. New troops were registered for the first time. The Emperor asked his ministers to find men capable of securing the borders and skilled in command. Shi Shu was promoted to campaigning commander of ten thousand, given the forces of Zhending, Xiang, Wei, Huai, and Meng, and posted at Tang and Deng. Zhang Rou was transferred to garrison Bozhou. Acting commander Shi Quan was posted at Dengzhou. Zhang Rou sent Zhang Xin with the Eight Han Armies to garrison Yingzhou. Wang Anguo led four thousand households south across the Han, raided deep into Song territory, and returned. Zhang Rou, having campaigned year after year while grain transport in the Two Huai grew ever harder, memorialized to hold Bozhou for its logistical advantages. An edict ordered Rou to lead the Eight Armies south of the mountains, build a fortified city, and garrison it. Rou found the Guo River north of the city too shallow for boats; the army suffered on the crossings, and grain from Cao, Pu, Wei, and Bo never arrived. He built a raised causeway from Bozhou to Bian, a hundred and twenty li of embankment; where the water ran too deep to embank, he threw fifteen bridges across it, some eighty feet wide, each flanked by a fort. Sun Si, prefect of Junzhou, sent envoys with a sealed letter of surrender and a plea for aid; Shi Quan, with elite troops, guarded against Song interception and went to bring him in. Afterward the fierce commanders Zhong Xian, Wang Mei, Du Rou, and Yuan Shixin each brought their forces in to surrender.
7
五年乙卯春,詔征逋欠錢谷。 夏,帝幸月兒滅怯土。 秋九月,張柔會大帥于符離。 以百丈口為宋往來之道,可容萬艘,遂築甬路,自亳而南六十餘里,中為橫江堡。 又以路東六十里皆水,可致宋舟,乃立柵水中,惟密置偵邏于所達之路,由是鹿邑、寧陵、考、柘、楚丘、南頓無宋患,陳、蔡、潁、息皆通矣。 是歲,改命劄剌與洪福源同征高麗。 後此又連三歲,攻拔其光州、安城、忠州、玄風、珍原、甲向、玉果等城。
In the spring of the fifth year (yimao), an edict went out to levy all overdue taxes and grain. That summer the Emperor traveled to Yier-mieqietu. In the ninth month of autumn Zhang Rou rendezvoused with the supreme commander at Fuli. Baizhangkou lay on the Song traffic route and could shelter ten thousand boats, so they raised a causeway south from Bo for more than sixty li, placing a river-crossing fort midway. Sixty li east of the road was open water where Song vessels could be brought up, so they drove stakes into the shallows and posted scouts only along the hidden approaches. Luyi, Ningling, Kao, Zhe, Qiuqiu, and Nandun were soon clear of Song raids, and Chen, Cai, Ying, and Xi lay open once more. That year Qarachar was ordered to join Hong Wonyu in the campaign against Goryeo. For the next three years they pressed the attack, seizing Guangzhou, Ancheng, Chungju, Hyeonpung, Jinwon, Gaphyang, Okgwa, and other strongholds.
8
六年丙辰春,大風起北方,砂礫飛揚,白日晦冥。 帝會諸王、百官於欲兒陌哥都之地,設宴六十餘日,賜金帛有差,仍定擬諸王歲賜錢谷。 忽必烈遣沒兒合石詣行在所,奏請續簽內郡漢軍,從之。 夏四月,駐蹕於塔密兒。 五月,幸昔剌兀魯朵。 六月,太白晝見。 幸亦兒阿答。 諸王亦孫哥、駙馬也速兒等請伐宋。 帝亦以宋人違命囚使,會議伐之。 秋七月,命諸王各還所部以居。 諸王塔察兒、駙馬帖裏垓軍過東平諸處,掠民羊豕,帝聞,遣使問罪,由是諸軍無犯者。 是歲,波麗國王細嵯甫、雲南酋長摩合羅嵯及素丹諸國來覲。 兀良合台討白蠻等,克之; 遂自昔八兒地還至重慶府,敗宋將張都統。 賜金縷織文衣一襲、銀五十兩、彩帛萬二百匹,以賚軍士。 冬,帝駐蹕阿塔哈帖乞兒蠻。 以阿木河回回降民分賜諸王百官。
In the spring of the sixth year (bingchen) a gale blew out of the north, sand and gravel whirling until broad daylight went dim. The Emperor gathered princes and officials at Yier-mogedu, feasted for more than sixty days, distributed gold and silk in graded gifts, and set the princes' yearly grants of money and grain. Kublai dispatched Mör-gechi to the mobile court to ask for further conscription of Han troops from the interior circuits, and the petition was approved. In the fourth summer month he encamped at Tamir. In the fifth month he went to Sire Ordo. In the sixth month Venus was seen in daylight. He traveled to Yier-ada. Prince Yisun, the imperial son-in-law Yesür, and others asked leave to march against the Song. The Emperor, angered that the Song had defied his commands and held his envoys captive, called a council to plan war against them. In the seventh month of autumn he sent each prince back to his own domain to take up residence. Prince Tachar and the imperial son-in-law Teligai led their troops through Dongping and the surrounding districts, seizing the people's sheep and swine. When word reached the Emperor he sent envoys to demand an accounting, and from then on no army dared molest the populace. That year King Xicuofu of Poli, the Yunnan chieftain Moheluo-cuo, and envoys from the Sultan lands all came to court. Uryankhadai marched against the White Man and other tribes and broke them; then, coming back from Sibar, he reached Chongqing Prefecture and routed the Song commander Zhang Dutong. He received one gold-thread embroidered robe, fifty taels of silver, and ten thousand two hundred bolts of colored silk with which to reward his soldiers. That winter the Emperor encamped at Ataha-teqirmen. The Muslim subjects who had surrendered along the Amu River were divided up and granted to princes and officials.
9
七年丁巳春,幸忽闌也兒吉。 詔諸王出師征宋。 乞都不花等討末來吉兒都怯寨,平之。 夏六月,謁太祖行宮,祭旗鼓,復會于怯魯連之地,還幸月兒滅怯土。 秋,駐蹕於軍腦兒,釃馬乳祭天。 九月,出師南征。 以駙馬剌真之子乞為達魯花赤,鎮守斡羅思,仍賜馬三百、羊五千。 回鶻獻水精盆、珍珠傘等物,可直銀三萬餘錠。 帝曰:「方今百姓疲弊,所急者錢爾,朕獨有此何為?」 卻之。 賽典赤以為言,帝稍償其直,且禁其勿復有所獻。 宗王塔察兒率諸軍南征,圍樊城,霖雨連月,乃班師。 元帥卜鄰吉軍自鄧州略地,遂渡漢江。 冬十一月,兀良合台伐交趾,敗之,入其國。 安南主陳日煚竄海島,遂班師。 遣阿藍答兒、脫因、囊加台等詣陝西等處理算錢谷。 冬,帝度漠南,至於玉龍棧。 忽必烈及諸王阿裏不哥、八里土、出木哈兒、玉龍塔失、昔烈吉、公主脫滅幹等來迎,大燕,既而各遣歸所部。
In the spring of the seventh year (dingsi) he went to Hulan-yierji. An edict commanded the princes to take the field against the Song. Qutuq-buqa and his commanders reduced the Melaiji'r-duqie stockade and pacified the region. In the sixth summer month he visited Taizu's traveling palace, offered sacrifice to the banners and drums, met again at Kerulen, and returned to Yier-mieqietu. That autumn he encamped at Junnao'er and poured fermented mare's milk in sacrifice to Heaven. In the ninth month the army set out on the southern campaign. Qachi, son of the imperial son-in-law Racheen, was made darughachi to hold Rus', and was given three hundred horses and five thousand sheep besides. The Uighurs offered a crystal basin, a pearl umbrella, and other treasures worth more than thirty thousand taels of silver. The Emperor said, "The people are worn out; what they need is money. What good does it do for me alone to keep such things?" He sent them back. Sayyid Ajall pleaded their case; the Emperor paid part of the value and forbade further tribute of that kind. Prince Tachar led the southern armies against Fancheng, but month after month of rain forced him to withdraw. Marshal Qorichin's force raided out of Dengzhou and crossed the Han River. In the eleventh winter month Uryankhadai invaded Annam, broke its armies, and entered the realm. King Trần Thái Tông of Annam fled to an offshore island, and the army withdrew. Arghun Aqa, To'in, Nangatai, and others were sent to Shaanxi and neighboring circuits to settle accounts of taxes and grain. That winter the Emperor crossed south of the desert and reached Yulongzhan. Kublai and the princes Ariq Böke, Bari-tu, Chumqar, Yulutas, and Siregi, together with Princess Tuomiegan, came out to meet him. A great feast was held, and afterward each was sent home to his domain.
10
八年戊午春正月朔,幸也裏本朵哈之地,受朝賀。 二月,陳日煚傳國于長子光昺。 光昺遣婿與其國人以方物來見,兀良合台送詣行在所。 諸王旭烈兀討回回哈裏發,平之,禽其王,遣使來獻捷。 帝獵於也裏海牙之地。 師南征,次於河。 適冰合,以土覆之而渡。 帝自將伐宋,由西蜀以入。 命張柔從忽必烈征鄂,趨杭州。 命塔察攻荊山,分宋兵力。 宋四川制置使蒲澤之攻成都,紐鄰率師與戰,敗之; 進攻雲頂山,守將姚某等以眾相繼來降。 詔以紐鄰為都元帥。 帝由東勝渡河。 遣參知政事劉太平括興元戶口。 三月,命洪茶丘率師從劄剌同征高麗。 夏四月,駐蹕六盤山,諸郡縣守令來覲。 豐州千戶郭燧奏請續簽軍千人修治金州,從之。 是時,軍四萬,號十萬,分三道而進:帝由隴州入散關,諸王莫哥由洋州入米倉關,孛裏義萬戶由漁關入沔州。 以明安答兒為太傅,守京兆。 詔征益都行省李亶兵,璮來言:「益都南北要衝,兵不可撤。」 從之。 璮還,擊海州、漣水等處。 五月,皇子阿速帶因獵獨騎傷民稼,帝見讓之,遂撻近侍數人。 士卒有拔民蔥者,即斬以徇。 由是秋毫莫敢犯。 仍賜所經郡守各有差。 秋七月,留輜重於六盤山,率兵由寶雞攻重貴山,所至輒平。 八月辛丑,璮與宋人戰,殺宋師殆盡。 九月,駐蹕漢中。 都元帥紐鄰留密裏火者、劉黑馬等守成都,悉率余兵渡馬湖,禽宋制置使張實,遂遣實招諭苦竹隘,實遁。 冬十月壬午,帝次寶峰。 癸未,如利州,觀其城池並非深固,以汪田哥能守,蜀不敢犯,賜卮酒獎諭之。 帝渡嘉陵江,至白水江,命田哥造浮梁以濟,梁成,賜田哥等金帛有差。 帝駐蹕劍門。 戊子,攻苦竹隘,裨將趙仲竊獻東南門,師入,與其守將楊立戰,敗之,殺立,眾皆奔潰。 詔毋犯趙仲家屬,仍賜仲衣帽,徙于隆慶。 己亥,獲張實,支解之。 賜田哥玉帶及犒賞士卒,留精兵五百守之。 遣使招諭龍州。 帝至高峰。 庚子,圍長寧山,守將王佐、裨將徐昕等率兵出戰,敗之。 十一月己酉,帝督軍先攻鵝頂堡。 壬子,力戰於望喜門。 薄暮,宋知縣王仲由鵝頂堡出降。 是夜破其城,王佐死焉。 癸丑,誅佐之子及徐昕等四十餘人。 以彭天祥為達魯花赤治其事,王仲副之。 丙辰,進攻大獲山,守將楊大淵降,命大淵為四川侍郎,仍以其兵從。 庚午,次和溪口,遣驍騎略青居山。 是月,龍州王知府降。 諸王莫哥都攻禮義山不克,諸王塔察兒略地至江而還,並會於行在所。 命忽必烈統諸路蒙古、漢軍伐宋。 十二月壬午,楊大淵率所部兵與汪田哥分擊相如等縣。 都元帥紐鄰攻簡州,以宋降將張威率眾為先鋒。 乙酉,帝次於運山。 大淵遣人招降其守將張大悅,仍以大悅為元帥。 師至青居山,裨將劉淵等殺都統段元鑒降。 庚寅,遣使招諭未附。 丁酉,隆州守縣降。 己亥,大良山守將蒲元圭降。 詔諸軍毋俘掠。 癸卯,攻雅州,拔之。 石泉守將趙順降。 甲辰,遣宋人晉國寶招諭合州守將王堅,堅辭之,國寶遂歸。 是歲,皇子辨都薨于吉河之南。
On New Year's Day in the spring of the eighth year (wuwu) he went to Yilibenduoha and received the court's congratulations. In the second month Trần Thái Tông abdicated in favor of his eldest son Quang Hựu. Quang Hựu sent his son-in-law with Annamese envoys bearing tribute; Uryankhadai escorted them to the mobile court. Prince Hulagu crushed the Muslim caliphate, brought the land to order, took its king prisoner, and sent envoys bearing news of victory. The Emperor hunted at Yilihaiya. The southern army advanced and encamped on the river. The river had just frozen over; they spread earth atop the ice and crossed. The Emperor took personal command of the war against the Song, entering by way of western Shu. Zhang Rou was ordered to march with Kublai against Ezhou and drive toward Hangzhou. Tachar was ordered to strike Jingshan and split the Song armies. Pu Zezhi, the Song commissioner of Sichuan, attacked Chengdu; Nüyan met him in battle and routed him; then pressed on to Yunding Mountain, where the garrison commanders Yao and others surrendered one after another with their troops. An edict made Nüyan supreme commander. The Emperor forded the river from Dongsheng. Vice Grand Councillor Liu Taiping was sent to register the households of Xingyuan. In the third month Hong Chagiu was ordered to take troops and join Qarachar in the campaign against Goryeo. In the fourth summer month he encamped at Liupan Mountain, and the prefectural and county magistrates came to audience. Guo Sui, thousand-household commander of Fengzhou, asked to conscript another thousand men to repair Jinzhou, and the petition was granted. The army then stood at forty thousand but marched under the banner of one hundred thousand, split into three columns: the Emperor entered by San Pass from Longzhou; Prince Möge by Micang Pass from Yangzhou; and the thousand-household commander Boriy by Yu Pass into Mianzhou. Minggansar was made Grand Preceptor and left to hold Jingzhao. An edict called up the troops of Li Tan, chief of the Yidu Branch Secretariat. Tan came in person and said, "Yidu is the hinge between north and south; the army cannot be pulled away." His plea was granted. Tan returned and struck Haizhou, Lianshui, and neighboring districts. In the fifth month Prince Asudai, hunting alone, rode through the peasants' fields and ruined the crop. When the Emperor saw it he rebuked him and had several attendants whipped. A soldier who so much as pulled an onion from a farmer's plot was beheaded on the spot. After that not a blade of grass was touched. The magistrates of the districts the army passed through were rewarded in turn, each according to his merit. In the seventh month of autumn he left the baggage at Liupan Mountain and led the army through Baoji against Chongguishan, reducing every place they reached. On xinchou day in the eighth month Tan met the Song in battle and cut their force nearly to the last man. In the ninth month he encamped at Hanzhong. Supreme commander Nüyan left Milihuozhe, Liu Heima, and others to hold Chengdu, then crossed Mahu Lake with the rest of his force, captured the Song commissioner Zhang Shi, and sent him to call on Kuzhu Pass to surrender; Shi fled. On rewu day in the tenth winter month the Emperor encamped at Baofeng. On guiwei day he entered Lizhou. The walls were neither deep nor strong, but Wang Tiange had held them so well that Shu had never dared strike; the Emperor raised a cup of wine in praise. The Emperor crossed the Jialing to the Baishui and ordered Tiange to build a pontoon bridge. When it was ready he rewarded Tiange and his men with gold and silk in graded gifts. The Emperor encamped at Jianmen. On wuzi day they assaulted Kuzhu Pass. Vice-commander Zhao Zhong opened the southeast gate from within; the army poured in, fought the garrison commander Yang Li, broke him, and killed him, and the defenders fled in rout. An edict protected Zhao Zhong's household from reprisal, granted him hat and robes, and moved him to Longqing. On jihai day Zhang Shi was taken and torn limb from limb. Tiange received a jade belt and the troops were given bounty; five hundred picked men were left to hold the pass. Envoys were dispatched to call on Longzhou to submit. The Emperor advanced to Gaofeng. On gengzi day they invested Changning Mountain; garrison commander Wang Zuo and vice-commander Xu Xin sallied out and were beaten back. On yiyou day in the eleventh month the Emperor took command in person and opened the assault on Eding Fort. On renzi day they fought hard at Wangxi Gate. At dusk the Song magistrate Wang Zhong came down from Eding Fort to surrender. That night the city fell; Wang Zuo died in the fighting. On guichou day Zuo's sons, Xu Xin, and more than forty others were put to death. Peng Tianxiang was made darughachi to govern the district, with Wang Zhong as his deputy. On bingchen day they pressed the attack on Daguo Mountain; garrison commander Yang Dayuan came over, was named Vice Minister of Sichuan, and marched on with his men. On gengwu day they halted at Hexikou and sent swift cavalry to sweep Qingju Mountain. That month the Wang family prefect of Longzhou submitted. Prince Mögedü assaulted Liyi Mountain without success; Prince Tachar raided to the river and turned back; both rejoined the Emperor at the mobile court. Kublai was ordered to take command of the Mongol and Han armies of every circuit for the war against the Song. On rewu day in the twelfth month Yang Dayuan and Wang Tiange split their forces to strike Xiangru and neighboring counties. Supreme commander Nüyan invested Jianzhou, with the Song turncoat Zhang Wei at the head of the van. On yiyou day the Emperor encamped at Yunshan. Dayuan sent envoys to win over the garrison commander Zhang Dayue and made Dayue commander-in-chief once he submitted. The army reached Qingju Mountain, where the assistant commander Liu Yuan and his officers killed the garrison commander Duan Yuanjian and submitted. On gengyin day, envoys were dispatched to call in those who had not yet submitted. On dingyou day, the magistrate holding Long Prefecture surrendered. On jihai day, Pu Yuangui, who held Daliang Mountain, came over. An edict forbade the armies to loot or take prisoners. On guimao day they stormed Ya Prefecture and captured it. Zhao Shun, the garrison commander at Shiquan, submitted. On jiachen day the Emperor sent the Song defector Jin Guobao to treat with Wang Jian, He Prefecture's commander; Wang Jian refused, and Guobao turned back. That year Prince Bian Du died on the south bank of the Ji River.
11
九年己未春正月乙巳朔,駐蹕重貴山北,置酒大會,因問諸王、駙馬、百官曰:「今在宋境,夏暑且至,汝等其謂可居否乎?」 劄剌亦兒部人脫歡曰:「南土瘴癘,上宜北還,所獲人民,委吏治之便。」 阿兒剌部人八里赤曰:「脫歡怯,臣願往居焉。」 帝善之。 戊申,晉國寶歸次峽口,王堅追還殺之。 諸王莫哥都復攻渠州禮義山,曳剌禿魯雄攻巴州平梁山。 丁卯,大淵請攻合州,俘男女八萬餘。
In the ninth year (jiwei), on the new moon of the first spring month, the Emperor encamped north of Zhongguishan and held a great feast. He asked his princes, sons-in-law, and ministers, "We are deep in Song territory, and the summer heat is coming — can we endure it here?" Toqur of the Jadaran tribe replied, "These southern lands breed pestilence. Your Majesty should withdraw north and leave the people we have taken to be governed by appointed officials." Baraq of the Arlat tribe answered, "Toqur lacks nerve. Your servant will gladly stay and hold these lands." The Emperor was pleased by this. On wushen day Guobao was making his way back when he halted at the gorge mouth; Wang Jian overtook him, hauled him back, and executed him. Prince Mogedu renewed the assault on Liyi Mountain in Qu Prefecture, while Yelü Chulu Xiong attacked Pingliang Mountain in Ba Prefecture. On dingmao day Yang Dayuan asked leave to assault He Prefecture and brought in more than eighty thousand captives, men and women together.
12
二月丙子,帝悉率諸兵渡雞爪灘,至石子山。 丁丑,督諸軍戰城下。 辛巳,攻一字城。 癸未,攻鎮西門。 三月,攻東新門、奇勝門、鎮西門小堡。 夏四月丙子,大雷雨凡二十日。 乙未,攻護國門。 丁酉,夜登外城,殺宋兵甚眾。 五月,屢攻不克。 六月丁巳,汪田哥復選兵夜登外城馬軍寨,殺寨主及守城者。 王堅率兵來戰。 遲明,遇雨,梯折,後軍不克進而止。 是月,帝不豫。 秋七月辛亥,留精兵三千守之,余悉攻重慶。 癸亥,帝崩於釣魚山,壽五十有二,在位九年。 追諡桓肅皇帝,廟號憲宗。
In the second month, on bingzi day, the Emperor led the full host across Chicken-claw Beach to Stone Mountain. On dingchou day he drove his armies to battle beneath the walls. On xinsi day they assaulted the One-character Fort. On guiwei day they struck the Western Gate bastion. In the third month they pressed the Eastern New Gate, the Gate of Strange Victories, and the outer works of the Western Gate. In the fourth summer month, on bingzi day, torrential storms rolled on for twenty days. On yiwei day they stormed the Gate of Guarding the State. On dingyou day, under cover of night, they climbed the outer wall and cut down large numbers of Song defenders. Through the fifth month they battered the fortress again and again without success. In the sixth month, on dingsi day, Wang Tiange handpicked a force that climbed the cavalry redoubt on the outer wall by night and killed its commander and the men holding it. Wang Jian came out to fight. Near daybreak rain swept in; the ladders snapped, the rear columns could not follow, and the assault was called off. That month the Emperor took ill. In the seventh autumn month, on xinhai day, he left three thousand elite troops to hold the siege and marched the rest against Chongqing. On guihai day the Emperor died at Diaoyu Mountain. He was fifty-two and had ruled nine years. Posthumously he was styled Emperor Huansu; his temple name was Xianzong.
13
帝剛明雄毅,沉斷而寡言,不樂燕飲,不好侈靡,雖后妃不許之過制。 初,太宗朝,群臣擅權,政出多門。 至是,凡有詔旨,帝必親起草,更易數四,然後行之。 御群臣甚嚴,嘗諭旨曰:「爾輩若得朕獎諭之言,即志氣驕逸,志氣驕逸,而災禍有不隨至者乎? 爾輩其戒之。」 性喜畋獵,自謂遵祖宗之法,不蹈襲他國所為。 然酷信巫覡卜筮之術,凡行事必謹叩之,殆無虛日,終不自厭也。
He was hard-minded and quick to decide, fierce in bearing and sparing of speech. He took no pleasure in revelry or display, and would not even let his consorts exceed the bounds of custom. In Taizong's day ministers had seized power for themselves, and policy issued from many hands. Henceforth he drafted every edict himself, revising each four times over before it went out. He governed his court with stern discipline and once warned them, "Let me once praise you, and your spirits swell with pride; when pride swells, can ruin be far behind? Guard yourselves against it." Hunting was his passion; he held that in this he followed ancestral custom, not the habits of other realms. Yet he trusted shamans and oracles utterly; before any undertaking he consulted them, almost without a day's exception, and never seemed to grow weary of the practice.