Volume 38 Annals 38: Shundi 1

順帝一

Shundi 1

順帝名妥歡帖睦爾，明宗之長子。母罕祿魯氏，名邁來迪，郡王阿兒廝蘭之裔孫也。初，太祖取西北諸國，阿兒廝蘭率其眾來降，乃封為郡王，俾領其部族。及明宗北狩，過其地，納罕祿魯氏。延祐七年四月丙寅，生帝於北方。

Emperor Shundi, whose taboo name was Toghan Temür, was the eldest son of Mingzong. His mother was of the Qarluq clan, named Mailaiti, a descendant of the prince Arslan. In the beginning, when Taizu conquered the northwestern states, Arslan brought his people to submit. He was enfeoffed as prince and entrusted with leadership of his tribe. When Mingzong traveled north on campaign and passed through those lands, he took a woman of the Qarluq clan as consort. In the seventh year of Yanyou, on the bingyin day of the fourth month, the emperor was born in the north.

三年八月己酉，文宗崩，燕鐵木兒請文宗後立太子燕帖古思，後不從，而命立明宗次子懿璘只班，是為寧宗。十一月壬辰，寧宗崩，燕鐵木兒復請立燕帖古思，文宗後曰：「吾子尚幼，妥歡貼睦爾在廣西，今年十三矣，且明宗之長子，禮當立之。」乃命中書左丞闊裏吉思迎帝於靜江。至良鄉，具鹵簿以迓之。燕鐵木兒既見帝，並馬徐行，具陳迎立之意。帝幼且畏之，一無所答。於是燕鐵木兒疑之，故帝至京，久不得立。適太史亦言帝不可立，立則天下亂，以故議未決。遷延者數月，國事皆決於燕鐵木兒，奏文宗後而行之。俄而燕鐵木兒死，後乃與大臣定議立帝，且曰：「萬歲之後，其傳位於燕帖古思，若武宗、仁宗故事。」諸王宗戚奉上璽綬勸進。

In the third year, on the jiyou day of the eighth month, Wenzong died. Yan Temür asked Wenzong's empress to enthrone the crown prince Yantuǧs, but she refused and instead had Mingzong's second son Yishilingjieban installed as Ningzong. On the renchen day of the eleventh month, Ningzong died. Yan Temür again pressed for Yantuǧs to be enthroned, but Wenzong's empress said, "My son is still young. Toghan Temür is in Guangxi — he is thirteen this year, and as Mingzong's eldest son he is the one who ought to succeed by right." She then ordered Kuolijisi, left chancellor of the Central Secretariat, to go to Jingjiang and escort the emperor back. At Liangxiang a full imperial escort was assembled to receive him. When Yan Temür met the emperor, they rode abreast at an easy pace while he laid out in full the plan to welcome and enthrone him. The emperor was still young and afraid of him, and did not answer a word. Yan Temür took this as grounds for suspicion, and so even after the emperor reached the capital he was not enthroned for a long time. The court astronomers also declared that the emperor must not be enthroned, warning that enthroning him would throw the realm into chaos, and for this reason the matter remained undecided. Months passed in delay. Yan Temür decided all affairs of state, reporting to Wenzong's empress before acting on them. Before long Yan Temür died. The empress then met with the chief ministers and settled on enthroning the emperor, adding, "After my death the throne shall pass to Yantuǧs, as in the precedent of Wuzong and Renzong." The princes and imperial kinsmen presented the imperial seal and cord and urged him to ascend the throne.

四年六月己巳，帝即位於上都，詔曰：

On the jisi day of the sixth month of the fourth year, the emperor ascended the throne at Shangdu and proclaimed an edict:

洪惟我太祖皇帝，受命於天，肇造區夏；世祖皇帝，奄有四海，治功大備；列聖相傳，丕承前烈。我皇祖武宗皇帝入纂大統，及致和之季，皇考明宗皇帝遠居朔漠，劄牙篤皇帝戡定內難，讓以天下。我皇考賓天，劄牙篤皇帝復正宸極。治化方隆，奄棄臣庶。今皇太后召大臣燕鐵木兒、伯顏等曰：「昔者闊徹伯、脫脫木兒、只兒哈郎等謀逆，以明宗太子為名，又先為八不沙始以妒忌，妄構誣言，疏離骨肉。逆臣等既正其罪，太子遂遷於外。劄牙篤皇帝後知其妄。尋至大漸，顧命有曰：『朕之大位，其以朕兄子繼之。』」時以朕遠征南服，以朕弟懿璘只班登大位，以安百姓，乃遽至大故。皇太后體承劄牙篤皇帝遺意，以武宗皇帝之元孫，明宗皇帝之世嫡，以賢以長，在予一人，遣使迎還。征集宗室諸王來會，合辭推戴。今奉皇太后勉進之篤，宗親大臣懇請之至，以至順四年六月初八日，即皇帝位於上都。於戲！惟天、惟祖宗全付予有家，栗栗危懼，若涉淵冰，罔知攸濟。尚賴宗親臣鄰，交修不逮，以底隆平。其赦天下。

Grandly considering how our Taizu Emperor received the Mandate from Heaven and first founded the realm; how the Shizu Emperor came to hold all within the four seas and brought governance to full completion; and how the successive sage emperors handed down the throne, greatly continuing the achievements of their predecessors. Our imperial ancestor Wuzong entered to succeed to the Great Foundation. At the time of Zhihe our imperial father Mingzong dwelt far in the northern steppe, while Emperor Zhayatu put down the internal turmoil and yielded the realm to him. When our imperial father passed away, Emperor Zhayatu again took his seat upon the imperial throne. His rule was just flourishing when he suddenly left his ministers and people. Now the empress dowager summoned the chief ministers Yan Temür, Bayan, and others and said, "In former times Kuochebo, Toto Temür, Jirhalang, and others plotted rebellion in the name of Mingzong's crown prince. Budashiri, moved by jealousy, had first fabricated false accusations that estranged close kin. After the traitors were punished for their crimes, the crown prince was sent away to the provinces. Emperor Zhayatu later learned that this was false. Before long he fell gravely ill. His final charge was: "Let my brother's son succeed to the great throne." At that time, because I was on campaign far away in the south, my younger brother Yishilingjieban was enthroned to reassure the people — yet he too suddenly died." The empress dowager, honoring Emperor Zhayatu's dying wish, held that as Wuzong's eldest grandson and Mingzong's legitimate heir — worthy and senior — I alone was fit to rule, and sent envoys to bring me back. The princes of the imperial clan were summoned to assemble, and with one voice they urged my enthronement. Now, yielding to the empress dowager's earnest urging and the urgent pleas of the imperial kin and chief ministers, on the eighth day of the sixth month of the fourth year of Zhishun I assumed the imperial throne at Shangdu. Alas! Heaven and the ancestors have wholly entrusted the realm to my house. I tremble in fearful dread, as if walking on ice above deep water, and do not know how I shall succeed. I must still rely on the imperial kin, my ministers, and our allies to help me remedy my failings, so that great peace may be achieved. Let there be a general amnesty throughout the realm.

時有阿魯輝帖木兒者，明宗親臣也，言於帝曰：「天下事重，宜委宰相決之，庶可責其成功；若躬自聽斷，則必負惡名。」帝信之，由是深居宮中，每事無所專焉。辛未，命伯顏為太師、中書右丞相、上柱國、監修國史，兼奎章閣大學士，領學士院、太史院、回回、漢人司天監事；撒敦為太傅、左丞相。是月，大霖雨，京畿水平地丈餘，饑民四十餘萬，詔以鈔四萬錠賑之。涇河溢，關中水災。黃河大溢，河南水災。兩淮旱，民大饑。

At that time Aruq Temür, a trusted minister of Mingzong, said to the emperor, "The affairs of the realm are weighty. You ought to leave them to the chancellor to decide, so that blame or credit for success may fall on him; if you hear and decide cases yourself, you will necessarily bear the blame." The emperor believed him. From then on he kept to the inner palace and took charge of nothing himself. On the xinwei day, Bayan was appointed grand preceptor, right chancellor of the Central Secretariat, pillar of the state, supervisor of the national history, and concurrently grand academician of the Kui Zhang Pavilion, with charge over the Academy of Scholars, the Astronomical Bureau, and the Muslim and Han directorates of astronomy; Sadun was appointed grand tutor and left chancellor. That month torrential rains fell. In the capital region water on level ground stood more than ten feet deep, and more than four hundred thousand people faced famine. An edict ordered relief with forty thousand ingots of paper money. The Jing River overflowed, and Guanzhong suffered flooding. The Yellow River burst its banks, and Henan suffered flooding. The two Huai regions suffered drought, and the people faced severe famine.

秋七月，霖雨。潮州路水。己亥，太陰犯房宿。

In the seventh month of autumn there was torrential rain. Chaozhou Circuit was flooded. On the jihai day, the moon transgressed the Room mansion.

八月壬申，鞏昌徽州山崩。是月，立燕鐵木兒女伯牙吾氏為皇后。

On the renshen day of the eighth month, mountains collapsed in Gongchang and Huizhou. That month Yan Temür's daughter of the Bayawu clan was installed as empress.

九月甲午，太陰犯填星。乙未，太陰犯天江。甲寅，中書省臣言：「官員遞升，窒礙選法。今請自省、院、臺官外，其餘不許遞升。」從之。丁巳，太陰犯填星。己未，太陰犯氐宿。庚申，詔太師、右丞相伯顏，太傅、左丞相撒敦，專理國家大事，其餘官不得兼領三職。秦州山崩。賑恤寧夏饑民五萬三千人一月。詔免儒人役。

On the jiawu day of the ninth month, the moon transgressed Saturn. On the yiwei day, the moon transgressed the Celestial River. On the jiayin day, officials of the Central Secretariat reported, "Successive promotions of officials obstruct the selection regulations. We ask that apart from officials of the Secretariat, the academies, and the Censorate, no others be permitted successive promotion." The request was granted. On the dingsi day, the moon transgressed Saturn. On the jiwei day, the moon transgressed the Root mansion. On the gengshen day, an edict directed Grand Preceptor and Right Chancellor Bayan and Grand Tutor and Left Chancellor Sadun to manage the great affairs of state exclusively; no other official might concurrently hold all three of those offices. Mountains collapsed in Qinzhou. Fifty-three thousand famine victims in Ningxia were given relief for one month. An edict exempted Confucian scholars from corvée labor.

冬十月甲子，太陰犯斗宿。丙寅，鳳州山崩。戊辰，改元，詔曰：「在昔世祖皇帝，紹開丕圖，稽古建元，立經陳紀，列聖相承，恪遵成憲。肆予沖人，嗣大歷服，茲圖治之雲初，嘉與民而更始。乃新紀號，誕告多方，其以至順四年為元統元年。於戲！一元運於四時，惟裁成之有道；大統綿於萬世，思保佑於無疆。」中書省臣言：「凡朝賀遇雨，請便服行禮。」從之。己巳，加知樞密院事、答剌罕答裏金紫光祿大夫。庚午，詔以察罕腦兒宣慰司人民，止令應當徽政院差發。癸酉，雲南亻嵬羅土官渾鄧馬弄來貢方物，詔以其地升立散府。丁丑，依皇太后行年之數，釋放罪囚二十七人。庚辰，奉文宗皇帝及太皇太后御容於大承天護聖寺，命左丞相撒敦為隆祥使，奉其祭祀。乙酉，詔以高郵府為伯顏食邑。戊子，封撒敦為榮王，食邑廬州。唐其勢襲父封為太平王，進階金紫光祿大夫。庚寅，中書省臣請集議武宗、英宗、明宗三朝皇后升祔。

In the tenth month of winter, on the jiazi day, the moon transgressed the Dipper mansion. On the bingyin day, mountains collapsed in Fengzhou. On the wuchen day the era name was changed. The edict said, "In former times Emperor Shizu continued the great design, looked to antiquity to establish the era name, and set forth the classics and regulations. The successive sage emperors inherited one another and reverently followed the established statutes. Now I, young and untested, have succeeded to the great foundation. This is but the dawn of my plan for governance, and I rejoice with the people in making a new beginning. I therefore renew the era designation and proclaim it throughout the realm: let the fourth year of Zhishun be the first year of Yuantong. Alas! The One operates through the four seasons — only through proper regulation is there the Way; the great succession extends through ten thousand generations — may blessing and protection be without end." Officials of the Central Secretariat reported, "Whenever court congratulations fall on a rainy day, we ask that informal dress be permitted for the rites." The request was granted. On the jisi day, the commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs and Darqan Dari were promoted to Grand Master of the Golden Purple and Luminous Happiness. On the gengwu day, an edict directed that the people of the Chaghanao'er Pacification Commission answer only to requisitions from the Bureau of Imperial Household Affairs. On the guiyou day, Hundengmanong, native official of Waluo in Yunnan, came to present tribute goods. An edict elevated his territory and established it as a subprefecture. On the dingchou day, in accordance with the empress dowager's age, twenty-seven convicted prisoners were released. On the gengchen day, the imperial portraits of Emperor Wenzong and the grand empress dowager were installed at the Great Chengtian Protecting Sage Temple. Left Chancellor Sadun was appointed Longxiang Commissioner to oversee their sacrifices. On the yiyou day, an edict made Gaoyou Prefecture Bayan's fief. On the wuzi day, Sadun was enfeoffed as Prince of Rong, with Luzhou as his fief. Tangqishi inherited his father's title as Prince of Taiping and was promoted to Grand Master of the Golden Purple and Luminous Happiness. On the gengyin day, officials of the Central Secretariat requested a collective deliberation on installing the empresses of the Wuzong, Yingzong, and Mingzong reigns in the ancestral temple.

十一月辛卯朔，罷富州金課。甲午，太陰犯壘壁陣。丙申，鞏昌成紀縣地裂山崩，令有司賑被災人民。丁酉，享於太廟。辛丑，起棕毛殿。丙午，申飭鹽運司。辛亥，江西、湖廣、江浙、河南復立榷茶運司。追謚劄牙篤皇帝為聖明元孝皇帝，廟號文宗。時寢廟未建，於英宗室次權結彩殿，以奉安神主。封伯顏為秦王，錫金印。是日，秦州山崩地裂。夜，太陰犯太微東垣上相。壬子，太陰犯填星。癸丑，太陰犯亢宿。乙卯，以燕鐵木兒平江所賜田五百頃，復賜其子唐其勢。罷河間大報恩寺諸色人匠總管府。江浙旱饑，發義倉糧、募富人入粟以賑之。詔秦王、右丞相伯顏，榮王、左丞相撒敦，統百官，總庶政。

On the first day of the eleventh month, the xinmao day, the gold tax in Fuzhou was abolished. On the jiawu day, the moon transgressed the Encampment and Wall formation. On the bingshen day, the ground split and mountains collapsed in Chengji County of Gongchang. Officials were ordered to relieve the disaster-stricken people. On the dingyou day, offerings were presented at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On the xinchou day, construction began on the Palm-Fiber Hall. On the bingwu day, the Salt Transport Commission was admonished and instructed. On the xinhai day, the Tea Monopoly Transport Commissions in Jiangxi, Huguang, Jiangzhe, and Henan were re-established. Emperor Zhayatu was posthumously titled Emperor Shengming Yuanxiao, with the temple name Wenzong. At that time the spirit temple had not yet been built. A temporary colored hall was erected at Yingzong's shrine position to install the spirit tablets. Bayan was enfeoffed as Prince of Qin and granted a gold seal. That day mountains collapsed and the ground split open in Qinzhou. That night the moon transgressed the Upper Minister star on the eastern wall of the Supreme Palace Enclosure. On the renzi day, the moon transgressed Saturn. On the guichou day, the moon transgressed the Neck mansion. On the yimao day, the five hundred qing of fields granted to Yan Temür in Pingjiang were granted again to his son Tangqishi. The Directorate-General of Artisans of All Categories at Hejian's Great Repaying-Kindness Temple was abolished. Jiangzhe suffered drought and famine. Charity-granary grain was distributed and wealthy households were urged to contribute grain for relief. An edict directed Prince of Qin and Right Chancellor Bayan and Prince of Rong and Left Chancellor Sadun to command all officials and oversee civil administration.

十二月庚申，命伯顏提調彰德威武衛。乙丑，廣西徭寇湖南，陷道州，千戶郭震戰死，寇焚掠而去。壬申，遣省、臺官分理天下囚，罪狀明者處決，冤者辨之，疑者讞之，淹滯者罪其有司。以奴列你他代其父塔剌赤為耽羅國軍民安撫使司達魯花赤，錫三珠虎符。癸酉，太陰犯鬼宿。甲戌，禿堅帖木兒致仕，錫太尉印，置僚屬。乙亥，為皇太后置徽政院，設官屬三百六十有六員。太白犯壘壁陣，太陰犯軒轅。己卯，太陰犯進賢。癸未，太陰犯東咸。

On the gengshen day of the twelfth month, Bayan was ordered to supervise the Zhangde Mighty Martial Guard. On the yichou day, Yao raiders from Guangxi invaded Hunan and captured Daozhou. Thousand-Commander Guo Zhen died in battle, and the raiders burned and plundered before withdrawing. On the renshen day, officials of the Secretariat and Censorate were sent out to review prisoners across the realm. Clear cases were executed, wrongful convictions overturned, doubtful cases referred upward, and officials who had let cases languish were punished. Nuolienita succeeded his father Talaqi as darughachi of the Tamna Pacification Commission for Military and Civil Affairs and was granted a triple-pearl tiger tally. On the guiyou day, the moon transgressed Ghost. On the jiaxu day, Toghto Temür retired from office. He was granted the Grand Marshal seal and assigned a staff of subordinates. On the yihai day, a Huizheng Bureau was established for the empress dowager, with a staff of three hundred sixty-six officials. Venus transgressed Leibi Formation, and the moon transgressed the great star of Xuanyuan. On the jimao day, the moon transgressed Jinxian. On the guiwei day, the moon transgressed East Saltern.

元統二年春正月庚寅朔，雨血於汴梁，著衣皆赤。辛卯，東平須城縣、濟寧濟州、曹州濟陰縣水災，民饑，詔以鈔六萬錠賑之。以御史大夫脫別臺為中書平章政事，阿裏海牙為河南行省左丞相。丁酉，享於太廟。戊戌，四川大盤洞蠻謀谷什用遣男謀者什用來貢方物，即其地立盤順府，命謀谷什用為知府。遣吏部尚書帖住、禮部郎中智熙善使交趾，以《授時曆》賜之。太陰犯軒轅。癸卯，敕僧道與民一體充役。己酉，以上文宗皇帝謚號，遣官告祭於南郊。庚戌，太陰犯房宿。甲寅，罷廣教總管府，立行宣政院。乙卯，雲南土酋姚安路總管高明來獻方物，錫符印遣之。

On the gengyin new moon, the first month of spring in the second year of Yuantong, blood rained at Bianliang until every garment turned red. On the xinmao day, floods struck Xucheng County in Dongping, Jizhou in Jining, and Jiyin County in Caozhou. The people faced famine, and an edict ordered relief with sixty thousand ingots of paper money. Censor-in-Chief Toqbietai was appointed associate administrator of the Central Secretariat, and Alihaiya was made left chancellor of the Henan Branch Secretariat. On the dingyou day, offerings were presented at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On the wuxu day, Mougushiyong of the Dapan Cave Miao in Sichuan sent his son Mouzheshiyong to present tribute. Panjun Prefecture was established on the spot, and Mougushiyong was appointed prefect. Minister of Personnel Tiezhu and Zhixishan, section director in the Ministry of Rites, were sent as envoys to Jiaozhi and granted the Treatise on Calendrical Methods. The moon transgressed the great star of Xuanyuan. On the guimao day, an edict directed that Buddhist and Daoist clerics perform corvée labor on the same terms as common people. On the jiyou day, in accordance with Emperor Wenzong's posthumous title, officials were dispatched to announce the rites at the Southern Suburb. On the gengxu day, the moon transgressed the Room mansion. On the jiayin day, the Directorate-General of Broad Instruction was abolished and the Branch Commission for Buddhist Affairs was established. On the yimao day, Gao Ming, route supervisor of Yao'an in Yunnan, came to present tribute. He was granted a tally and seal and sent home.

二月己未朔，詔內外興舉學校。癸亥，廣西徭寇邊，殺官吏。廣海官已除而未上者罪之。甲子，塞北東涼亭雹，民饑，詔上都留守發倉廩賑之。乙丑，命有司以時給宿衛冬衣。以燕不鄰為太保，置僚屬。戊辰，封也真也不幹為昌寧王，錫金印。癸酉，太陰犯太微上相。丁丑，封皇姑妥妥輝為英壽大長公主。癸未，安豐路旱饑，敕有司賑糶麥萬六千七百石。甲申，太廟木陛壞，遣官告祭。丁亥，太白經天。是月，灤河、漆河溢，永平諸縣水災，賑鈔五千錠。瑞州路水，賑米一萬石。

On the jiwei new moon of the second month, an edict directed that schools be established throughout the inner and outer domains. On the guihai day, Yao bandits in Guangxi raided the frontier and killed officials. Guanghai officials who had received appointments but failed to report for duty were punished. On the jiazi day, hail fell at Dongliang Pavilion in the northern frontier and the people faced famine. An edict ordered the Shangdu garrison commander to open the granaries for relief. On the yichou day, officials were ordered to issue winter clothing to the palace guard on schedule. Yan Bulin was appointed grand guardian and assigned a staff of subordinates. On the wuchen day, Yejin Bugan was enfeoffed as Prince of Changning and granted a gold seal. On the guiyou day, the moon transgressed the Upper Minister of the Supreme Palace Enclosure. On the dingchou day, the emperor's paternal aunt Tuotuohui was enfeoffed as Grand Princess of Yingshou. On the guiwei day, Anfeng Circuit suffered drought and famine. Officials were directed to sell ten thousand six hundred seventy shi of wheat for relief. On the jiashen day, the wooden stairs of the Imperial Ancestral Temple collapsed. Officials were dispatched to announce the rites. On the dinghai day, Venus crossed the sky. That month the Luan and Qi Rivers overflowed. Counties in Yongping suffered flooding, and relief was granted in five thousand ingots of paper money. Ruizhou Circuit was flooded, and ten thousand shi of relief grain was distributed.

三月己丑朔，詔：「科舉取士，國子學積分、膳學錢糧，儒人免役，悉依累朝舊制；學校官選有德行學問之人以充。」辛卯，以陰陽家言，罷造作四年。太陰犯填星。癸巳，廣西徭賊復起，殺同知元帥吉列思，掠庫物，遣右丞禿魯迷失將兵討之。復立西番巡捕都元帥府。罷廣誼司，復立覆實司。贈吉烈思官，令其子孫襲職。庚子，杭州、鎮江、嘉興、常州、松江、江陰水旱疾疫，敕有司發義倉糧，賑饑民五十七萬二千戶。癸卯，月食既。甲辰，中書省臣言：「興和路起建佛事，一路所費，為鈔萬三千五百三十餘錠。請依上都、大都例，給膳僧錢，節其冗費。」從之。乙巳，中書省臣言：「益都、真定盜起，請選省、院官往督捕之，仍募能擒獲者倍其賞，獲三人者與一官。」從之。丁未，以河南行省左丞相阿裏海牙為江浙行省左丞相。壬子，廣西慶遠府徭賊寇全州，詔平章政事探馬赤統兵二萬人擊之。丁巳，詔：「蒙古、色目犯奸盜詐偽之罪者，隸宗正府；漢人、南人犯者，屬有司。」是月，山東霖雨，水湧，民饑，賑糶米二萬二千石。淮西饑，賑糶米二萬石。湖廣旱，自是月不雨至於八月。

On the jichou new moon of the third month, an edict declared, "In civil-service examinations for selecting scholars, the Imperial University's accumulated-credit system, provisions and stipends for academy students, and corvée exemptions for Confucian scholars shall all follow the regulations of successive reigns; and school officials shall be chosen from men of moral conduct and learning." On the xinmao day, on the advice of yin-yang specialists, construction work was suspended for four years. The moon transgressed Saturn. On the guisi day, Yao bandits in Guangxi rose again, killed Associate Marshal Jiliesi, and plundered the treasury. Right Vice Chancellor Tughlughmish was dispatched to lead troops against them. The Circuit-Pacifying Grand Marshalate of the Western Tibetans was re-established. The Broad Righteousness Office was abolished and the Verification Office was re-established. Jiliesi was posthumously granted an office, and his descendants were ordered to inherit it. On the gengzi day, Hangzhou, Zhenjiang, Jiaxing, Changzhou, Songjiang, and Jiangyin suffered flood, drought, and pestilence. Officials were directed to open the charity granaries and relieve five hundred seventy-two thousand famine households. On the guimao day, the lunar eclipse reached totality. On the jiachen day, officials of the Central Secretariat reported, "Xinghe Route is undertaking Buddhist rites, and that single route alone spends more than thirteen thousand five hundred thirty ingots of paper money. We ask that, following the precedent of Shangdu and Dadu, stipends be granted to provisioning monks and redundant expenses curtailed." Approval was granted. On the yisi day, officials of the Central Secretariat reported, "Bandits have risen in Yidu and Zhending. We ask that officials of the secretariat and the academies be sent to supervise their capture, that rewards be doubled for those who seize them, and that whoever seizes three be granted an official appointment." Approval was granted. On the dingwei day, Alihaiya, left chancellor of the Henan Branch Secretariat, was appointed left chancellor of the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat. On the renzi day, Yao bandits of Qingyuan Prefecture in Guangxi raided Quanzhou. An edict ordered Associate Administrator Temürchi to command twenty thousand troops against them. On the dingsi day, an edict declared, "Mongols and Semuren who commit adultery, theft, or fraud shall fall under the Imperial Clan Court; while Han and Nanren who commit such crimes shall fall under the regular authorities." That month Shandong suffered torrential rain. Waters surged, the people faced famine, and twenty-two thousand shi of relief grain was sold. Huai West suffered famine, and twenty thousand shi of relief grain was sold. Huguang suffered drought; from this month no rain fell until the eighth month.

夏四月戊午朔，日有食之。庚申，封宗室蠻子為文濟王。乙丑，命順元等處軍民宣撫使、八番等處沿邊宣慰使伯顏溥花承襲父職。丙寅，罷龍慶州黑峪道上勝火兒站。庚午，詔：「雲南出征軍士亡歿者，人賜鈔二錠以葬。」壬申，命唐其勢為總管高麗女直漢軍萬戶府達魯花赤，與馬劄兒臺並為御史大夫。丁丑，太白經天。戊寅，太白晝見。己卯，奉聖明元孝皇帝文宗神主祔於太廟，躬行告祭之禮，樂用宮懸，禮三獻。先是，御史臺臣言：「郊廟，國之大典，王者必行親祀之禮，所以盡尊尊、親親之誠，宜因升祔，有事於太廟。」帝從之。是日，罷夏季時享。詔加榮王、左丞相撒敦開府儀同三司、上柱國、錄軍國重事，食邑廬州。復立杭州四隅錄事司。太白晝見。壬午，復如之。帝嘉許衡輔世祖以不殺一天下，特錄其孫從宗為章佩監畢珍庫提點。癸未，立鹽局於京師南北城，官自賣鹽，以革專利之弊。乙酉，中書省臣言：「佛事布施，費用太廣，以世祖時較之，歲增金三十八錠、銀二百三錠四十兩、繒帛六萬一千六百餘匹、鈔二萬九千二百五十餘錠。請除累朝期年忌日之外，餘皆罷。」從之。是月，車駕時巡上都。益都、東平路水，設酒禁。大名路桑麥災。成州旱饑，詔出庫鈔及發常平倉米賑之。河南旱，自是月不雨至於八月。

On the wuwu new moon of the fourth month of summer, there was a solar eclipse. On the gengshen day, the imperial clansman Manzi was enfeoffed as Prince of Wenji. On the yichou day, Bayan Buhua, military-civil pacification commissioner of Shunyuan and other places and frontier pacification commissioner of the Eight Fan and other places, was ordered to succeed to his father's post. On the bingyin day, the Shangshenghuo'er relay on the Heiyu Road in Longqing Prefecture was abolished. On the gengwu day, an edict declared, "For Yunnan expedition soldiers who died in service, each person shall receive two ingots of paper money for burial." On the renshen day, Tangqishi was appointed darughachi of the Wanhu Office General of Goryeo, Jurchen, and Han Armies, and together with Mazartai was made censor-in-chief. On the dingchou day, Venus crossed the sky. On the wuyin day, Venus was visible by day. On the jimao day, the spirit tablet of Emperor Wenzong, Emperor Shengming Yuanxiao, was enshrined in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. The emperor personally performed the sacrificial announcement rite, with palace music and the three offerings. Previously, officials of the Censorate had said, "The suburban and ancestral rites are great state ceremonies. The ruler must perform the sacrifices in person, thereby fully expressing reverence for the honored and affection for kin. On the occasion of this enshrinement, it is fitting that rites be performed at the Imperial Ancestral Temple." The emperor approved. That day the summer seasonal offering was suspended. An edict advanced Prince of Rong and Left Chancellor Sadun to commissioner with the same trappings as the three excellencies of an opened princely household, pillar of the state of the upper grade, and recorder of military and state affairs, with Luzhou as his fief. The Four Quarters Record Offices of Hangzhou were re-established. Venus was visible by day. On the renwu day, it was again so. The emperor praised Xu Heng for assisting Shizu in not executing a single person under Heaven, and specially appointed his grandson Congzong as director of the Seal Registry Depot in the Bureau of Insignia. On the guiwei day, salt bureaus were established in the northern and southern cities of the capital. The government itself sold salt, reforming the abuse of private monopoly. On the yiyou day, officials of the Central Secretariat reported, "Buddhist rites and charitable distributions have grown far too costly. Compared with the time of Shizu, annual expenses have increased by thirty-eight ingots of gold, two hundred three ingots and forty taels of silver, more than sixty-one thousand six hundred bolts of silks and brocades, and more than twenty-nine thousand two hundred fifty ingots of paper money. We ask that apart from the anniversary observances of successive reigns, all else be abolished." Approval was granted. That month the imperial carriage traveled seasonally to Shangdu. Yidu and Dongping circuits suffered flooding, and wine prohibitions were imposed. Mulberry and wheat crops were ruined in Daming Circuit. Chengzhou suffered drought and famine. An edict ordered notes disbursed from the treasury and grain distributed from the Ever-Normal Granary for relief. Henan suffered drought; from this month no rain fell until the eighth month.

五月己丑，詔威武西寧王阿哈伯之子亦裏黑赤襲其父封。宦者孛羅帖木兒傳皇后旨，取鹽一十萬引入中政院。辛卯，以唐其勢代撒敦為中書左丞相，撒敦仍商量中書省事。壬辰，命中書平章政事撒的領蒙古國子監。癸巳，罷洪教提點所。戊申，詔文濟王蠻子鎮大名，雲南王阿魯鎮雲南，給銀字團牌。是月，中書省臣言：「江浙大饑，以戶計者五十九萬五百六十四，請發米六萬七百石、鈔二千八百錠，及募富人出粟，發常平、義倉賑之，並存海運糧七十八萬三百七十石以備不虞。」從之。詔：「王侯宗戚軍站、人匠、鷹坊、控鶴，但隸京師諸縣者，令所在一體役之。」贈故中書平章政事王泰亨謚清憲。舊令，三品以上官，立朝有大節及有大功勛於王室者，得賜功臣號及謚。時浸冗濫失實，惟泰亨在中書時，安南請佛書，乞以《九經》賜之，使高麗不受禮遺，為尚書貧不能自給，故特賜是謚。贈漳州萬戶府知事闞文興英毅侯，妻王氏貞烈夫人，廟號雙節。六月丁巳朔，中書省臣言：「雲南大理、中慶諸路，曩因脫肩、敗狐反叛，民多失業，加以災傷，民饑，請發鈔十萬錠，差官賑恤。」從之。戊午，淮河漲，淮安路山陽縣滿浦、清岡等處民畜房舍多漂溺。丙寅，宣德府水災，出鈔二千錠賑之。乙亥，唐其勢辭左丞相不拜，復命撒敦為左丞相。辛巳，詔蒙古、色目人行父母喪。癸未，復立繕工司，造繒帛。乙酉，贈燕鐵木兒公忠開濟弘謨同德翊運佐命功臣、開府儀同三司、太師、中書右丞相，追封德王，謚忠武。是月，彰德雨白毛。大寧、廣寧、遼陽、開元、沈陽、懿州水旱蝗，大饑，詔以鈔二萬錠，遣官賑之。

On the jichou day of the fifth month, an edict directed Yilihechi, son of Prince of Weiwu and Xining Aqaba, to succeed to his father's enfeoffment. The eunuch Boluo Temür conveyed the empress's command and transferred one hundred thousand salt certificates into the Central Governance Bureau. On the xinmao day, Tangqishi replaced Sadun as left chancellor of the Central Secretariat, while Sadun continued to deliberate Central Secretariat affairs. On the renchen day, Associate Administrator Sadi of the Central Secretariat was ordered to oversee the Mongol Imperial University. On the guisi day, the Hongjiao Directorship Office was abolished. On the wushen day, an edict directed Prince of Wenji Manzi to guard Daming and Prince of Yunnan Aru to guard Yunnan, granting them silver-character circular tally-plaques. That month officials of the Central Secretariat reported, "Jiangzhe suffers severe famine — five hundred ninety thousand five hundred sixty-four households by count. We ask that sixty thousand seven hundred shi of grain and two thousand eight hundred ingots of paper money be distributed, that wealthy households be urged to contribute grain, that Ever-Normal and charity granaries be opened for relief, and that seven hundred eighty thousand three hundred seventy shi of sea-transport grain be kept in reserve against emergency." Approval was granted. An edict declared, "Princes, nobles, imperial kin, military relay households, artisans, hawk offices, and crane handlers registered only under metropolitan counties shall, wherever they are located, perform corvée on the same terms as others." The late Associate Administrator of the Central Secretariat Wang Taiheng was posthumously granted the title Qingxian. By former regulation, officials of third rank and above who upheld great integrity at court or rendered great merit to the royal house might be granted a meritorious subject title and a posthumous name. By then such awards had grown excessive and hollow. Only Taiheng, while at the Central Secretariat, when Annam requested Buddhist scriptures had asked that the Nine Classics be granted instead; he had Goryeo refuse gifts and bribes, and served as minister while too poor to support himself — therefore this posthumous title was specially granted. Kan Wenxing, overseer of Wanhu Prefecture in Zhangzhou, was posthumously enfeoffed as Marquis of Yingyi; his wife Lady Wang as Lady of Steadfast Martyrdom; and their shrine titled Double Steadfastness. On the dingsi new moon of the sixth month, officials of the Central Secretariat reported, "In Dali, Zhongqing, and other routes of Yunnan, the earlier rebellions of Tuojian and Baigu left many people without livelihood, and calamities added to their distress. The people face famine. We ask that one hundred thousand ingots of paper money be distributed and officials sent to relieve them." Approval was granted. On the wuwu day, the Huai River rose. At Manpu, Qinggang, and other places in Shanyang County of Huai'an Circuit, many people's livestock and dwellings were swept away and drowned. On the bingyin day, Xuande Prefecture suffered flooding, and two thousand ingots of paper money were disbursed for relief. On the yihai day, Tangqishi declined the left chancellorship and refused appointment. Sadun was again appointed left chancellor. On the xinsi day, an edict required Mongols and Semuren to observe mourning for their parents. On the guiwei day, the Silk-Weaving Office was re-established to manufacture silk fabrics. On the yiyou day, Yan Temür was posthumously granted the title Meritorious Subject of Public Loyalty, Opening Prosperity, Grand Planning, Shared Virtue, Assisting the Fortune, and Supporting the Mandate; was made grand preceptor, grand marshal with ceremonial rites equal to the Three Dukes, and right chancellor of the Central Secretariat; was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of De with the posthumous name Zhongwu. That month Zhangde saw rain of white filaments. Daning, Guangning, Liaoyang, Kaiyuan, Shenyang, and Yizhou suffered floods, drought, and locusts, and famine grew severe. An edict ordered twenty thousand ingots of paper money and dispatched officials to relieve the people.

秋七月丁亥，戒陰陽人毋得於貴戚之家妄言禍福。辛卯，祭太祖、太宗、睿宗三朝御容。罷秋季時享。壬辰，帝幸大安閣。是日，宴侍臣於奎章閣。甲午，太白晝見。己亥，太白經天。壬寅，詔：「蒙古、色目人犯盜者免刺。」甲辰，太白經天，丙午，復如之。帝幸楠木亭。己酉，太白晝見。夜，有流星大如酒杯，色赤，長五尺餘，光明燭地，起自天津，沒於離宮之南。庚戌，太白經天，壬子，復如之。夜，熒惑犯鬼宿。癸丑、甲寅，太白復經天。是月，池州青陽、銅陵饑，發米一千石及募富民出粟賑之。

In the seventh month of autumn, on the dinghai day, it was decreed that yin-yang practitioners must not at the houses of the nobility and imperial kin rashly prophesy fortune or calamity. On the xinmao day, sacrifices were offered to the imperial portraits of Taizu, Taizong, and Ruizong. The autumn seasonal offering was abolished. On the renchen day, the emperor visited the Da'an Pavilion. That same day the emperor feasted his attending ministers at the Kui Zhang Pavilion. On the jiawu day, Venus was visible in daylight. On the jihai day, Venus crossed the heavens. On the renyin day, an edict declared, "Mongols and Semuren convicted of theft shall be exempt from tattooing. On the jiachen day Venus crossed the heavens; on the bingwu day it did so again. The emperor visited the Nanmu Pavilion. On the jiyou day, Venus was visible in daylight. That night a meteor the size of a wine cup, red and more than five chi long, lit the ground as it rose from Tianjin and vanished south of the Separated Palace. On the gengxu day Venus crossed the heavens; on the renzi day it did so again. That night Mars transgressed the mansion of Gui. On the guichou and jiayin days, Venus again crossed the heavens. That month Qingyang and Tongling in Chizhou faced famine. One thousand shi of rice was disbursed, and wealthy households were solicited to contribute grain for relief.

八月丙辰朔，太白經天，凡四日。戊午，祭社稷。癸亥，太白經天。丙寅至戊辰，太白復經天。辛未，赦天下。京師地震。雞鳴山崩，陷為池，方百里，人死者甚眾。自是日至甲戌，太白經天，丁丑、己卯，復如之；夜，犯軒轅。庚辰至壬午，太白復經天。癸未，中書平章政事阿裏海牙罷。是月，南康路諸縣旱蝗，民饑，以米十二萬三千石賑糶之。九月庚寅，太白經天。辛卯，車駕還自上都。壬辰，太陰入南斗。癸巳，太白犯靈臺。甲午，太白經天。徭賊陷賀州，發河南、江浙、江西、湖廣諸軍及八番義從軍，命廣西宣慰使、都元帥章伯顏將以擊之。乙未，太白經天，己亥、壬寅，復如之。乙巳，太白犯太微垣。壬子，吉安路水災，民饑，發糧二萬石賑糶。夜，太白犯太微垣。

On the bingchen new moon of the eighth month, Venus crossed the heavens for four days in all. On the wuwu day, sacrifices were offered at the altars of soil and grain. On the guihai day, Venus crossed the heavens. From the bingyin through the wuchen days, Venus again crossed the heavens. On the xinwei day, an amnesty was proclaimed throughout the empire. An earthquake struck the capital. Jimingshan collapsed and sank into a pool a hundred li square, and very many people perished. From that day through the jiaxu day Venus crossed the heavens; on the dingchou and jimao days it did so again; at night it transgressed Xuanyuan. From the gengchen through the renwu days, Venus again crossed the heavens. On the guiwei day, Alihaiya, associate administrator of the Central Secretariat, was dismissed from office. That month drought and locusts struck the counties of Nankang Circuit, and the people faced famine. One hundred twenty-three thousand shi of rice was disbursed for relief sale. On the gengyin day of the ninth month, Venus crossed the heavens. On the xinmao day, the imperial procession returned from Shangdu. On the renchen day, the moon entered the Southern Dipper. On the guisi day, Venus transgressed the Administrative Star. On the jiawu day, Venus crossed the heavens. Yao bandits captured Hezhou. Armies from Henan, Jiangzhe, Jiangxi, and Huguang, together with the Eight Banners voluntary auxiliary forces, were mobilized, and Guangxi Pacification Commissioner and Grand Marshal Zhang Bayan was ordered to lead them against the rebels. On the yiwei day Venus crossed the heavens; on the jihai and renyin days it did so again. On the yisi day, Venus transgressed the Supreme Palace Enclosure. On the renzi day flooding struck Ji'an Circuit, and the people faced famine. Twenty thousand shi of grain was disbursed for relief sale. That night Venus transgressed the Supreme Palace Enclosure.

冬十月乙卯朔，正內外官朝會儀班次，一依品從。戊午，享於太廟。辛酉，以侍御史許有壬為中書參知政事。癸亥，太白犯太微上相，復犯進賢。丁卯，立湖廣黎兵屯田萬戶府，統千戶一十三所，每所兵千人，屯戶五百，皆土人為之，官給田土、牛、種、農器，免其差徭。又創立武安縣。移石山寨巡檢司於清水寨，立霍丘縣淮陰鄉臨水山巡檢司，改乾寧軍民安撫司曰乾寧安撫司。乙亥，太陰犯軒轅，太白犯填星。己卯，奉玉冊、玉寶，上皇太后尊號曰贊天開聖仁壽徽懿昭宣皇太后，詔曰：「朕登大寶，君臨萬方，永惟大母擁佑之勤；神器奠安，海宇寧謐，實慈訓之致然也。爰協眾議，再舉徽稱，而皇太后以文宗皇帝未祔於廟，至誠謙抑，弗賜俞允。今告祔禮成，亦既閱歲，始徇所請。乃以吉日奉上尊號，思與普天同茲大慶，其赦天下。」免今年民租之半，內外官四品以下減一資。卻天鵝之獻。癸未，命臺憲部官各舉材堪守令者一人。

On the yimao new moon of the tenth month of winter, the seating order at court assemblies for inner and outer officials was corrected, with all positions assigned strictly by rank and precedence. On the wuwu day, offerings were presented at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On the xinyou day, Supervising Censor Xu Youren was appointed vice administrator of the Central Secretariat. On the guihai day, Venus transgressed the Upper Minister star of the Supreme Palace Enclosure and then transgressed Jinxian. On the dingmao day, the Huguang Li-Soldier Agricultural Colonies Wanhu Office was established, overseeing thirteen qianhu commands. Each command had one thousand soldiers and five hundred colony households, all drawn from native people. The government supplied land, oxen, seed, and farm tools and exempted them from corvée and levies. Wuan County was also newly established. The Shishan Stockade Inspection Office was moved to Qingshui Stockade, the Linshui Mountain Inspection Office was established in Huaiyin Township of Huoqiu County, and the Qianning Military-Civilian Pacification Office was renamed the Qianning Pacification Office. On the yihai day, the moon transgressed Xuanyuan and Venus transgressed Saturn. On the jimao day, jade registers and a jade seal were presented, and the empress dowager was given the honorific title Empress Dowager of Praising Heaven, Opening Sagacity, Benevolent Longevity, Graceful Virtue, and Illustrious Proclamation. An edict declared, "Having ascended the throne and ruled the myriad regions, I ever recall the tireless support of the great mother; the regalia has been settled in peace and the realm within the seas is tranquil — all through her benevolent instruction. I therefore joined in collective deliberation and again proposed an honorific title, but the empress dowager, because Emperor Wenzong had not yet been enshrined in the temple, with utmost sincerity and modest restraint, would not grant assent. Now that the announcement and enshrinement rites are complete and a full year has passed, I accede at last to the request. On an auspicious day I therefore present the supreme honorific title, thinking to share this great celebration with all under Heaven. Let the empire be granted an amnesty. This year's land tax was remitted by half for the people, and officials of fourth rank and below, inner and outer, had one step subtracted from their seniority count. Tributes of swans were declined. On the guiwei day, each censorate and surveillance official was ordered to recommend one person fit to serve as prefect or magistrate.

十一月戊子，中書省臣請發兩宗船下番，為皇后營利。濟南萊蕪縣饑，罷官冶鐵一年。辛卯，賜行宣政院廢寺錢一千錠以營公廨。乙未，填星犯亢宿。庚戌，熒惑犯太微垣。

On the wuzi day of the eleventh month, officials of the Central Secretariat requested that the Two Zongs trading fleet be sent overseas to earn profit for the empress. Laiwu County in Jinan faced famine, and government iron smelting was suspended for a year. On the xinmao day, one thousand ingots from the Traveling Xuanzheng Bureau's funds from abolished temples were granted to build official offices. On the yiwei day, Saturn transgressed the mansion of Kang. On the gengxu day, Mars transgressed the Supreme Palace Enclosure.

是月，鎮南王孛羅不花來朝。

That month Bolad Buqa, Prince of Zhennan, came to court.

十二月，立道州永明縣白面墟、江華縣濤墟巡檢司各一，以鎮遏徭賊。甲戌，詔整治學校。是歲，禁私創寺觀庵院。僧道入錢五十貫，給度牒方聽出家。

In the twelfth month one inspection office each was established at Baimian Market in Yongming County, Daozhou, and Tao Market in Jianghua County to suppress Yao bandits. On the jiaxu day, an edict ordered schools to be rectified. That year private founding of temples, shrines, and hermitages was forbidden. Monks and Daoists paid fifty strings of cash and were issued ordination certificates before they were permitted to leave the household.

至元元年春正月癸巳，申命廉訪司察郡縣勸農官勤惰，達大司農司以憑黜陟。乙未，立徽政院屬官侍正府。丙午，雲南婦人一產三男。

In the first month of spring in the first year of Zhiyuan, on the guisi day, it was again ordered that surveillance commissions inspect the diligence and idleness of agricultural-promotion officers in the counties and prefectures and report to the Grand Secretariat of Agriculture for promotion and dismissal. On the yiwei day, the Attendant Rectitude Office, subordinate to the Huizheng Bureau, was established. On the bingwu day, a woman in Yunnan gave birth to triplets, all boys.

二月甲寅朔，革冗官。乙卯，車駕將田於柳林，御史臺臣諫曰：「陛下春秋鼎盛，宜思文皇付托之重，致天下於隆平。況今赤縣之民，供給繁勞，農務方興，而馳騁冰雪之地，倘有銜橛之變，奈宗廟社稷何！」遂止。丁巳，立縹甸散府一，穆由甸、範陵甸軍民長官司二。以薊州寶坻縣稻田提舉司所轄田土賜伯顏。戊午，祭社稷。甲戌，熒惑逆行入太微。己卯，以上皇太后冊、寶，遣官告祭天地。

On the jiayin new moon of the second month, superfluous offices were abolished. On the yimao day, the emperor was about to hunt at Willow Grove. Censorate officials remonstrated, saying, "Your Majesty is in the prime of life. You ought to reflect on the weight of Wenzong's entrusted charge and bring the realm to lasting peace and prosperity. Moreover, the people of the empire already bear heavy burdens of supply, and agricultural work has only just begun. To race across icy ground risks a mishap like a bit-bar breaking — what then of the ancestral temples and altar of state!" The hunt was thereupon abandoned. On the dingsi day, one loose prefecture of Piao was established, together with two military-civilian chieftain offices at Muyou and Fanling. The fields under the Paddy Fields Intendant Office of Baodi County in Jizhou were granted to Bayan. On the wuwu day, sacrifices were offered at the altars of soil and grain. On the jiaxu day, Mars moved retrograde into the Supreme Palace Enclosure. On the jimao day, in honor of the empress dowager's registers and seal, officials were dispatched to announce sacrifices to Heaven and Earth.

三月癸未朔，詔遣五府官決天下囚。御史臺臣言：「丞相已領軍國重事，省、院、臺官俱不得兼領各衛。」從之。平伐、都雲、定雲、酋長寶郎、天都蟲等來降，即其地復立宣撫司，參用其土酋為官。辛卯，以上皇太后寶、冊，遣官告祭太廟。壬辰，河州路大雪十日，深八尺，牛羊駝馬凍死者十九，民大饑。丙申，中書省臣言：「甘肅甘州路十字寺奉安世祖皇帝母別吉太后於內，請定祭禮。」從之。丁酉，以沾益州所轄羅山、石梁、交水三縣並歸巡檢司。月食。己亥，龍興路饑，出糧九萬九千八百石賑其民。庚子，御史臺臣言：「高麗為國首效臣節，而近年屢遣使往選取媵妾，至使生女不舉，女長不嫁，乞賜禁止。」從之。中書省臣言，帝生母太后神主宜於太廟安奉，命集議其禮。甲辰，山東、河間、兩淮、福建四處增鹽課一十八萬五千引，中書請權罷征，止令催辦正額。乙巳，以中書左丞王結、參知政事許有壬知經筵事。封安南世子陳端午為安南國王。是月，益都路沂水、日照、蒙陰、莒縣旱饑，賑米一萬石。

On the guiwei new moon of the third month, an edict dispatched five-fu officials to decide cases of prisoners throughout the empire. Censorate officials reported, "The chancellor already holds weighty military and state affairs; officials of the Secretariat, Academy, and Censorate must not concurrently command guard units. Approval was granted. Pingfa, Duyun, Dingyun, chieftain Baolang, Tianduchong, and others surrendered. Pacification commissions were re-established on the spot, with native chieftains employed in mixed appointment as officials. On the xinmao day, in honor of the empress dowager's seal and registers, officials were dispatched to announce sacrifices at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On the renchen day, Hezhou Circuit had snow for ten days, eight chi deep. Nineteen in ten of cattle, sheep, camels, and horses perished in the cold, and the people suffered severe famine. On the bingshen day, officials of the Central Secretariat reported, "At Cross Temple on Ganzhou Route in Gansu, Empress Dowager Kökejin, mother of Emperor Shizu, is enshrined within. We request that sacrificial rites be fixed. Approval was granted. On the dingyou day, the three counties of Luoshan, Shiliang, and Jiaoshui under Zhan'yi Prefecture were merged under an inspection office. There was a lunar eclipse. On the jihai day, Longxing Circuit faced famine, and ninety-nine thousand eight hundred shi of grain was disbursed to relieve the people. On the gengzi day, censorate officials reported, "Goryeo was the first among states to offer loyal service, yet in recent years envoys have repeatedly been sent to select concubines and attendants, so that families do not rear newborn girls and do not marry grown daughters. We beg that this be forbidden. Approval was granted. Officials of the Central Secretariat reported that the spirit tablet of the emperor's birth mother, the empress dowager, ought to be enshrined in the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and an order was issued to assemble deliberation on the rites. On the jiachen day, the salt levy was increased by one hundred eighty-five thousand yin in Shandong, Hejian, Liang-Huai, and Fujian. The Central Secretariat requested that the new levy be suspended by authority and only the regular quota collected. On the yisi day, Left Vice Chancellor Wang Jie and Vice Administrator Xu Youren were appointed to oversee the Classics Colloquium. Chen Duanwu, heir of Annam, was enfeoffed as King of Annam. That month Yishui, Rizhao, Mengyin, and Ju County in Yidu Circuit suffered drought and famine, and ten thousand shi of rice was disbursed for relief.

夏四月癸丑朔，詔：「諸官非節制軍馬者，不得佩金虎符。」辛酉，享於太廟。以江南行御史臺中丞不花為中書省參知政事。壬戌，太陰犯左執法。丙寅，詔以鈔五十萬錠，命徽政院散給達達兀魯思、怯薛丹、各愛馬。己巳，加唐其勢開府儀同三司。己卯，詔翰林國史院纂修累朝實錄及后妃、功臣列傳。庚辰，罷功德、典瑞、營繕、集慶、翊正、群玉、繕工、金玉珠翠諸提舉司。以撒的為御史大夫。禁犯御名。是月，河南旱，賑恤芍陂屯軍糧兩月。

On the guichou new moon of the fourth month of summer, an edict declared, "Officials who do not command and control military horses must not wear the golden tiger tally. On the xinyou day, sacrifices were offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Buqa, vice censor of the Jiangnan traveling censorate, was appointed vice administrator of the Central Secretariat. On the renxu day, the moon transgressed the Left Enforcer. On the bingyin day, an edict ordered five hundred thousand ingots of notes to be dispersed by the Huizheng Bureau among the Dada Ulus, the keshig guards, and each ai'maq. On the jisi day, Tangqishi was advanced to commissioner with the same trappings as the three excellencies of an opened princely household. On the jimao day, an edict ordered the Hanlin Academy National History Office to compile and revise the veritable records of successive reigns and biographies of empresses and meritorious officials. On the gengchen day, the supervisory offices of Meritorious Virtue, Imperial Regalia, Construction and Repair, Jiqing, Yizheng, Qunyu, Silk Repair, and Gold-Jade-Pearl-Jadeite were all abolished. Sadi was appointed censor-in-chief. Use of the imperial taboo name was forbidden. That month Henan suffered drought, and two months of grain were disbursed in relief to the garrison troops at Quepi.

五月壬午朔，皇太后以膺受寶、冊，恭謝太廟。丙戌，占城國遣其臣剌忒納瓦兒撒來獻方物，且言交趾遏其貢道，詔遣使宣諭交趾。戊子，車駕時巡上都。遣使者詣曲阜孔子廟致祭。加伯撒裏金紫光祿大夫。壬辰，命嚴謚法，以絕冒濫。京畿民饑，詔有司議賑恤。癸卯，太陰犯壘壁陣。甲辰，伯顏請以右丞相讓唐其勢，詔不允，命唐其勢為左丞相。是月，永新州饑，賑之。六月辛酉，有司言甘肅撒裏畏兀產金銀，請遣官稅之。壬戌，太陰犯心宿。癸酉，禁服色不得僭上。乙亥，罷江淮財賦總管府所管杭州、平江、集慶三處提舉司，以其事歸有司。詔湖南宣慰使司兼都元帥府，總領所轄諸路鎮守軍馬。庚辰，伯顏奏唐其勢及其弟塔剌海謀逆，誅之。執皇后伯牙吾氏幽於別所。大霖雨。

On the renwu new moon of the fifth month, the empress dowager, having received the seal and registers, humbly offered thanks at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On the bingxu day, Champa dispatched its minister Latenawarsa to present local products and reported that Jiaozhi was obstructing its tribute route. An edict ordered envoys sent to instruct Jiaozhi. On the wuzi day, the emperor made his seasonal tour to Shangdu. Envoys were dispatched to the Temple of Confucius at Qufu to offer sacrifices. Barsar was promoted to Grand Master of the Golden Purple and Luminous Happiness. On the renchen day, it was ordered that posthumous-title law be strictly enforced to end spurious conferrals. The people of the capital region faced famine, and an edict ordered the responsible offices to deliberate on relief. On the guimao day, the moon transgressed the Encampment Wall Formation. On the jiachen day, Bayan asked to yield the right chancellorship to Tangqishi, but the edict refused. Tangqishi was instead ordered to serve as left chancellor. That month Yongxin Prefecture faced famine, and relief was disbursed. On the xinyou day of the sixth month, responsible offices reported that Sarigh Uyghur in Gansu produced gold and silver and requested that officials be dispatched to levy taxes on it. On the renxu day, the moon transgressed the Heart mansion. On the guiyou day, it was forbidden to wear dress colors above one's rank. On the yihai day, the three supervisory offices at Hangzhou, Pingjiang, and Jiqing under the Jiang-Huai Revenue General Commission were abolished and their affairs returned to the responsible offices. An edict ordered the Hunan branch pacification commission, concurrently the directorate-general, to command all garrison troops and horses in the circuits under its jurisdiction. On the gengchen day, Bayan reported that Tangqishi and his younger brother Talaqai had plotted rebellion, and both were executed. The empress of the Bayawu clan was seized and confined in a separate residence. Heavy rains fell.

秋七月辛巳朔，以馬劄兒臺、阿察赤並為御史大夫。壬午，伯顏殺皇后伯牙吾氏於開平民舍。丁亥，享於太廟。壬辰，加馬劄兒臺銀青榮祿大夫、開府儀同三司，領承徽寺。乙未，太陰犯壘壁陣。壬寅，專命伯顏為中書右丞相，罷左丞相不置。癸卯，立脫脫禾孫於察罕腦兒之地。乙巳，罷燕鐵木兒、唐其勢舉用之人。戊申，誅答裏及剌剌等於市，詔曰：「曩者文宗皇帝以燕鐵木兒嘗有勞伐，父子兄弟顯列朝廷，而輒造事釁，出朕遠方。文皇尋悟其妄，有旨傳次於予。燕鐵木兒貪利幼弱，復立朕弟懿璘質班，不幸崩殂。今丞相伯顏，追奉遺詔，迎朕於南，既至大都，燕鐵木兒猶懷兩端，遷延數月，天隕厥躬。伯顏等同辭翊戴，乃正宸極。後撒敦、答裏、唐其勢相襲用事，交通宗王晃火帖木兒，圖危社稷，阿察赤亦嘗與謀，賴伯顏等以次掩捕，明正其罪。元凶構難，貽我皇太后震驚，朕用兢惕。永惟皇太后後其所生之子，一以至公為心，親挈大寶，畀予兄弟，跡其定策兩朝，功德隆盛，近古罕比。雖嘗奉上尊號，揆之朕心，猶為未盡，已命大臣特議加禮。伯顏為武宗捍禦北邊，翼戴文皇，茲又克清大憝，明飭國憲，爰賜答剌罕之號，至於子孫，世世永賴。可赦天下。」是月西和州、徽州雨雹，民饑，發米賑貸之。

On the xinsi new moon of the seventh month of autumn, Mazartai and Aqchi were both appointed censor-in-chief. On the renwu day, Bayan killed the empress of the Bayawu clan at a commoner's dwelling in Kaiping. On the dinghai day, sacrifices were offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On the renchen day, Mazartai was promoted to Grand Master of the Silver Azure and Glorious Blessing and commissioner with the same trappings as the three excellencies of an opened princely household, and was placed in charge of the Chenghui Temple. On the yiwei day, the moon transgressed the Encampment Wall Formation. On the renyin day, Bayan alone was appointed right chancellor of the Central Secretariat. The left chancellorship was abolished and left unfilled. On the guimao day, Totoghosun was installed at Chaghan Na'ur. On the yisi day, all officials promoted by Yan Temür and Tangqishi were dismissed. On the wushen day, Dari, Lala, and others were executed in the marketplace. An edict declared, "Formerly, because Yan Temür had once earned merit in campaigns, his father, sons, and brothers all stood prominently at court — yet they rashly created disturbances and sent me far away. Wenzong soon saw through their deception, and an order was issued that the succession should pass to me. Yan Temür, greedily favoring the young and weak, again installed my younger brother Yishilingjieban, who unfortunately died prematurely. Now Chancellor Bayan, following the testamentary edict, went south to welcome me. After I reached Daidu, Yan Temür still wavered and delayed for months until Heaven brought down his person. Bayan and the others jointly declined yet supported my enthronement, and the throne was set right at last. Later Sadun, Dari, and Tangqishi wielded power in succession, colluded with Prince Huanghuo Temür, and plotted to endanger the realm. Aqchi had also joined in their conspiracy. Thanks to Bayan and the others, who captured them one after another, their crimes were formally adjudicated. The chief villains stirred up rebellion and shocked the empress dowager. I hold myself in fearful vigilance because of it. Forever mindful that the empress dowager set aside her own son, with utterly impartial heart she personally took up the throne and gave it to us brothers. Tracing her decisive policies across two reigns, her merit and virtue stand lofty and abundant, rarely matched in recent ages. Though a supreme honorific title was once presented, my heart still finds it insufficient. I have ordered the chief ministers to deliberate specially on further honors. Bayan defended the northern frontier for Wuzong and supported Wenzong, and now has cleared away the chief enemies and restored the laws of state. The title of Darqan is therefore granted him, for his sons and descendants to rely on in every generation thereafter. Let the empire be granted an amnesty. That month Xihe and Huizhou prefectures suffered hail, and the people faced famine. Rice was disbursed in relief and on loan.

八月辛亥朔，熒惑犯氐宿。戊午，祭社稷。癸亥，詔以岐陽王完者帖木兒、知樞密院事帖木兒不花並為御史大夫。甲子，加完者帖木兒太傅。戊寅，道州、永興水災，發米五千石及義倉糧賑之。己卯，議尊皇太后為太皇太后，許有壬諫以為非禮，不從。是月，廣西徭反，命湖廣行省右丞完者討之。沅州等處民饑，賑米二萬七千七百石。九月庚辰朔，車駕駐扼胡嶺。丙戌，赦。丁亥，封知樞密院事闊裏吉思為宜國公，太保、中書平章政事定住為宣德王。夜，太陰犯斗宿。庚寅，太陰犯壘壁陣。庚子，加中書平章政事徹裏帖木兒銀青榮祿大夫。命有司造太皇太后玉冊、玉寶。御史臺臣言：「國朝初用宦官，不過數人，今內府執事不下千餘。乞依舊制，裁減冗濫，廣仁愛之心，省糜費之患。」從之。丙午，詔以烏撒、烏蒙之地隸四川行省。是月，耒陽、常寧、道州民饑，以米萬六千石並常平米賑糶之。車駕還自上都。以京畿鹽換羊二萬口。

On the xinhai new moon of the eighth month, Mars transgressed the mansion of Di. On the wuwu day, sacrifices were offered at the altars of soil and grain. On the guihai day, an edict appointed Prince of Qiyang Wanzhe Temür and bureau of military affairs commissioner Temür Buqa both as censor-in-chief. On the jiazi day, Wanzhe Temür was promoted to grand tutor. On the wuyin day, Daozhou and Yongxing suffered flooding, and five thousand shi of rice plus grain from charity granaries were disbursed for relief. On the jimao day, the court debated honoring the empress dowager as grand empress dowager. Xu Youren remonstrated that this was contrary to ritual, but his counsel was not heeded. That month the Yao of Guangxi rebelled, and Wanzhe, right vice councillor of the Huguang branch secretariat, was ordered to suppress them. The people of Yuanzhou and other places faced famine, and twenty-seven thousand seven hundred shi of rice was disbursed for relief. On the gengchen new moon of the ninth month, the imperial carriage halted at Huling Pass. On the bingxu day, an amnesty was granted. On the dinghai day, bureau of military affairs commissioner Kuolijisi was enfeoffed as Duke of Yiguo, and grand preceptor and central secretariat grand councillor Dingzhu was enfeoffed as Prince of Xuande. That night the moon transgressed the Dipper mansion. On the gengyin day, the moon transgressed the Encampment Wall Formation. On the gengzi day, central secretariat grand councillor Cher Temür was promoted to Grand Master of the Silver Azure and Glorious Blessing. The responsible offices were ordered to make jade registers and a jade seal for the grand empress dowager. Censorate officials reported, "At the founding of our dynasty no more than a few eunuchs were employed, yet today those serving in the inner palace number no fewer than a thousand. We beg that according to the old system superfluous appointments be cut back, humane care be broadened, and wasteful expenditure reduced. Approval was granted. On the bingwu day, an edict ordered the territories of Wusa and Wumeng placed under the Sichuan branch secretariat. That month the people of Leiyang, Changning, and Daozhou faced famine, and sixteen thousand shi of rice plus Changping-granary rice were disbursed for relief sale. The emperor returned from Shangdu. Capital-region salt was exchanged for twenty thousand sheep.

冬十月甲寅，熒惑犯南斗。丙辰，以大司農塔失海牙為太尉，置僚屬，商議中書省事。丁巳，以塔失帖木兒為太禧院使，議軍國重事；流晃火帖木兒、答裏、唐其勢子孫於邊地。詔海道都漕運萬戶府船戶與民一體充役。壬戌，加御史大夫帖木兒不花銀青榮祿大夫。癸亥，流御史大夫完者帖木兒於廣海安置。完者帖木兒乃賊臣也先鐵木兒骨肉之親，監察御史以為言，故斥之。選省、院、臺、宗正府通練刑獄之官，分行各道，與廉訪司審決天下囚。甲子，太陰犯昴宿。丁卯，太陰犯斗宿。戊辰，太白晝見。以宗王亦思幹兒弟撒昔襲其兄封。監察御史呂思誠等十九人劾奏徹裏帖木兒之罪，不聽，皆辭去，惟陳允文以不署名留。辛未，太皇太后玉冊、玉寶成，遣官告祭於太廟。是月，以伯顏獨任中書右丞相詔天下。

On the jiayin day of the tenth month of winter, Mars transgressed the Southern Dipper. On the bingchen day, Grand Secretariat of Agriculture Tash Haiya was appointed grand marshal, with subordinate officials established to deliberate on Central Secretariat affairs. On the dingsi day, Tashtemür was appointed commissioner of the Taixi Bureau to deliberate on weighty military and state affairs; Prince Huanghuo Temür, Dari, and the descendants of Tangqishi were exiled to the frontier. An edict ordered ship households of the maritime route grand transport wanhu office to perform corvée labor on the same terms as commoners. On the renxu day, censor-in-chief Temür Buqa was promoted to Grand Master of the Silver Azure and Glorious Blessing. On the guihai day, censor-in-chief Wanzhe Temür was exiled and settled in Guanghai. Wanzhe Temür was a close kin of the traitor Yesun Temür. Supervising censors raised this point, and so he was dismissed. Officials from the secretariats, bureaus, censorates, and Princely Kin Bureau skilled in penal cases were selected to proceed through the circuits and, together with surveillance commissions, review and decide cases for prisoners throughout the empire. On the jiazi day, the moon transgressed the Hairy Head mansion. On the dingmao day, the moon transgressed the Dipper mansion. On the wuchen day, Venus was visible in daylight. Prince Yesigen'er's younger brother Saxi succeeded to his elder brother's title. Supervising censors Lü Sicheng and nineteen others impeached Cher Temür for crimes. Their petition went unheard, and all resigned except Chen Yunwen, who remained because he had not signed it. On the xinwei day, the jade registers and jade seal for the grand empress dowager were completed, and officials were dispatched to announce the honor and offer sacrifices at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. That month an edict was issued throughout the empire announcing that Bayan alone held the right chancellorship of the Central Secretariat.

十一月庚辰，敕以所在儒學貢士莊田租給宿衛衣糧，詔罷科舉。甲申，太白經天。乙酉，伯顏請內外官悉循資銓註，今後毋得保舉，澀滯選法，從之。癸巳，命知樞密院事馬劄兒臺領武備寺。丙戌，太白經天。己丑，辰星犯房宿。甲午，以燕鐵木兒、唐其勢、答裏所奪高麗田宅，還其王阿剌忒納失裏。丁酉，以戶部尚書徐奭、吏部尚書定住參議中書省事。戊戌，召前知樞密院事福丁、失剌不花、撒兒的哥還京師。初，二人以帝未立，謀誅燕鐵木兒，為所誣貶，故正之。己亥，太陰犯太微垣。庚子，太陰犯左執法。辛丑，下詔改元，詔曰：

On the gengchen day of the eleventh month, it was ordered that rent from gentry-estate lands attached to local Confucian schools supply clothing and grain to palace guards. An edict also abolished the civil-service examinations. On the jiashen day, Venus crossed the sky. On the yiyou day, Bayan requested that inner and outer officials all be appointed strictly by seniority through regular selection, that nominations no longer be permitted, and that bottlenecks in the selection law be cleared. Approval was granted. On the guisi day, bureau of military affairs commissioner Mazartai was ordered to oversee the Bureau of Military Materiel. On the bingxu day, Venus crossed the sky. On the jichou day, Mercury transgressed the Room mansion. On the jiawu day, the fields and dwellings in Goryeo seized by Yan Temür, Tangqishi, and Dari were returned to the Goryeo king Alte Naseri. On the dingyou day, Minister of Revenue Xu Yi and Minister of Personnel Dingzhu were appointed to deliberate on Central Secretariat affairs. On the wuxu day, former bureau of military affairs commissioners Fuding, Sira Buqa, and Sartiq were summoned back to the capital. Initially, because the emperor had not yet been enthroned, the two men had plotted to execute Yan Temür. Yan Temür falsely accused them and had them demoted — and so they were now vindicated. On the jihai day, the moon transgressed the Supreme Palace Enclosure. On the gengzi day, the moon transgressed the Left Enforcer. On the xinchou day, an edict was issued changing the reign title. The edict said:

朕祗紹天明，入纂丕緒，於今三年，夙夜寅畏，罔敢怠荒。茲者年谷順成，海宇清謐，朕方增修厥德，日以敬天恤民為務，屬太史上言，星文示儆。將朕德菲薄，有所未逮歟？天心仁愛，俾予以治，有所告戒歟？弭災有道，善政為先。更號紀年，實惟舊典。惟世祖皇帝在位長久，天人協和，諸福咸至，祖述之志，良切朕懷。今特改元統三年仍為至元元年。遹遵成憲，誕布寬條，庶格禎祥，永綏景祚。赦天下。

I respectfully continue Heaven's mandate and have entered to succeed to the Great Foundation. Three years have now passed, and morning and night I maintain fearful reverence, never daring indolence or neglect. Now the harvest has ripened in season and the realm lies at peace. I am devoting myself to cultivating virtue, making reverence for Heaven and care for the people my daily task, when the grand astrologer reported that the stars show a warning. Could it be that my virtue is too slight and that I have fallen short in some way? Heaven's heart is benevolent in granting me the mandate to govern — is it offering some admonition? There is a way to quell calamity, and good government must come first. Changing the reign title to mark the year is truly an ancient precedent. Emperor Shizu alone reigned long, with Heaven and humankind in harmony and every blessing gathered to his throne. The resolve to follow his example weighs deeply upon my heart. I therefore change the third year of Zhigu back to the first year of Zhiyuan. Strictly following the established statutes and broadly promulgating lenient measures, I hope to summon auspicious blessings and secure the realm's foundation forever. An amnesty was proclaimed throughout the empire.

立常平倉。丁未，賜知樞密院事徹裏帖木兒三珠虎符。

Ever-Normal Granaries were established. On the dingwei day, bureau of military affairs commissioner Cher Temür was granted a triple-pearl tiger tally.

十二月己酉朔，荊門州獻紫芝。以廩給司屬通政院。加知樞密院事闊裏吉思銀青榮祿大夫，兼左翊蒙古侍衛親軍都指揮使。壬子，太陰犯壘壁陣。乙卯，命雲南行省造軍士錢糧新舊之籍。丙辰，制省諸王、公主、駙馬飲膳之費。詔征高麗王阿剌忒納失裏入朝。丁巳，詔伯顏領宮相府。戊午，日赤如赭。辛酉，太白犯壘壁陣。壬戌，撥廬州、饒州牧地一百頃，賜宣讓王帖木兒不花。命四川、雲南、江西行省保選蠻夷官以俟銓註。乙丑，奉玉冊、玉寶，上太皇太后尊號曰贊天開聖徽懿宣昭貞文慈佑儲善衍慶福元太皇太后，詔曰：「欽惟太皇太后，承九廟之托，啟兩朝之業，親以大寶，付之眇躬。尚依擁佑之慈，恪遵仁讓之訓，爰極尊崇之典，以昭報本之忱。庸上徽稱，宣告中外。」命宣政使末吉以司徒就第。太白犯軒轅夫人星。丙寅，太白經天，丁卯，復如之。夜，太陰犯右執法。庚午，太白經天，壬申，復如之。癸酉，歲星晝見。乙亥，太白、歲星皆晝見。丙子，安慶、蘄、黃地震。丁丑，西番賊起，遣兵擊之。戊寅，蒙古國子監成。是日，太白經天，歲星晝見。是月，寶慶路饑，賑糶米三千石。

On the jiyou new moon of the twelfth month, Jingmen Prefecture presented purple fungus. The Grain Supply Bureau was placed under the Bureau of Transmission. Bureau of military affairs commissioner Kuolijisi was promoted to Grand Master of the Silver Azure and Glorious Blessing and concurrently appointed commander-in-chief of the Left Support Mongol Personal Guard Army. On the renzi day, the moon transgressed the Encampment and Wall formation. On the yimao day, the Yunnan Branch Secretariat was ordered to compile new and old registers of soldiers' pay and provisions. On the bingchen day, the dining expenses of princes, princesses, and imperial sons-in-law were regulated and reduced. An edict summoned the Goryeo king Alte Naseri to court. On the dingsi day, an edict directed Bayan to oversee the palace chancellor's office. On the wuwu day, the sun was red as ochre. On the xinyou day, Venus transgressed the Encampment and Wall formation. On the renxu day, one hundred qing of grazing land in Luzhou and Raozhou was allocated and granted to Prince of Xuanrang Temür Buqa. The Sichuan, Yunnan, and Jiangxi branch secretariats were ordered to nominate native officials pending formal appointment. On the yichou day, jade registers and a jade seal were presented, and the grand empress dowager was given the honorific title Grand Empress Dowager of Praising Heaven, Opening Sagacity, Graceful Virtue, Illustrious Proclamation, Chaste Culture, Benevolent Protection, Stored Goodness, Extending Blessings, and Fortunate Foundation. The edict said, "Reverently considering the grand empress dowager: she bore the charge of the nine temples, opened the enterprise of two reigns, and with her own hand entrusted the Great Treasure to my insignificant self. Still relying upon her sustaining kindness and reverently following her teaching of benevolence and yielding, I therefore perform the rites of supreme honor to manifest my devotion in repaying my debt to her. I therefore present the honorific title and proclaim it throughout the realm, within and without." Xuanzheng commissioner Moji was ordered to retire to his residence as minister of works. Venus transgressed the Wife Star of Xuanyuan. On the bingyin day Venus crossed the sky; on the dingmao day it did so again. That night the moon transgressed the Right Enforcer. On the gengwu day Venus crossed the sky; on the renshen day it did so again. On the guiyou day, Jupiter was visible in daylight. On the yihai day, both Venus and Jupiter were visible in daylight. On the bingzi day, earthquakes struck Anqing, Qi, and Huang. On the dingchou day, Western Barbarian rebels rose up, and troops were dispatched against them. On the wuyin day, the Mongol Imperial University was completed. That day Venus crossed the sky and Jupiter was visible in daylight. That month Baoxing Circuit suffered famine, and three thousand shi of relief rice was sold.

閏月乙酉，詔：「四川鹽運司於鹽井仍舊造鹽，余井聽民煮造，收其課十之三。」熒惑犯壘壁陣。丁亥，日赤如赭，凡三日。戊子，復以宗正府為大宗正府。壬辰，詔宗室脫脫木兒襲封荊王，賜金印，命掌忙來諸軍，設立王府官屬。丁酉，御史大夫撒的加銀青榮祿大夫，領奎章閣，知經筵事。戊戌，御史臺臣復劾奏中書平章政事徹裏帖木兒罪，罷之。庚子，太陰犯心星。壬寅，流徹裏帖木兒於南安。太陰犯箕宿。癸卯，太陰犯南斗。丙午，詔平章政事塔失海牙領都水、度支二監。是年，江西大水，民饑，賑糶米七萬七千石。賜天下田租之半。凡有妻室之僧，令還俗為民，既而復聽為僧。移犍為縣還舊治。

On the yiyou day of the intercalary month, an edict said, "The Sichuan Salt Transport Commission shall continue producing salt at the established salt wells. The remaining wells are permitted to the people for boiling, with one-third of the levy collected." Mars transgressed the Encampment and Wall formation. On the dinghai day the sun was red as ochre, and remained so for three days. On the wuzi day, the Clan Court was restored as the Grand Clan Court. On the renchen day, an edict ordered imperial clansman Toto Temür to succeed as Prince of Jing and granted him a gold seal. He was commanded to command the Manglai armies, and princely household officials were established. On the dingyou day, censor-in-chief Sadi was promoted to Grand Master of the Silver Azure and Glorious Blessing, placed in charge of the Kui Zhang Pavilion, and appointed to oversee the Classics Colloquium. On the wuxu day, censorate officials again impeached central secretariat grand councillor Cher Temür for crimes, and he was dismissed. On the gengzi day, the moon transgressed the Heart star. On the renyin day, Cher Temür was exiled to Nan'an. The moon transgressed the mansion of Ji. On the guimao day, the moon transgressed the Southern Dipper. On the bingwu day, an edict directed grand councillor Tash Haiya to oversee the directorates of waterways and revenue. That year great floods struck Jiangxi, and the people faced famine. Seventy-seven thousand shi of relief rice was sold. Half the land tax throughout the empire was remitted. Monks who had wives were ordered to return to secular life, but were afterward again permitted to take vows. Qianwei County was restored to its former seat of government.

Cite this Chapter